PuraEPA , Recommended by Doctors , Taken By Doctors. A Clinical Grade Of 93% Pure EPA Fish Oil, Helping People Since 2005.
Pure EPA is a highly concentrated form of fish oil.
It is part of the Omega 3 family.
The oil is made from small oily fish from sustainable wild fishing grounds.
Our Pure EPA oil is known for its purity and quality.
Our Pure EPA is a minimum of 93% concentrate.
Are all Pure EPA fish oil supplements the same?
The simple answer is no. The industry standard strength for fish oil is 30%.
Our EPA Fish oil is exclusively manufactured to a much higher quality; it is fully 67% stronger than the industry standard. It is important to point out that PuraEPA is not an 'off the shelf' standard oil; it is manufactured specifically to our very high specification.
Omega 3 fish oil pure EPA is no miracle cure – rather it feeds the body the essential nutrient omega 3 EPA, this in turn helps to replenish and balance the vital good fats the body needs to return to the correct balance.
Modern diets high in processed foods and refined carbohydrates and sugars have slowly, over time, caused an imbalance of omega oils in our bodies. We should be eating more Omega 3 good fats.
To gain a sufficient dose the average adult would need in excess of 500mg EPA to raise red blood cell levels. Lifestyle, diet & body weight, strongly influence the required dose.
Certain forms of omega-3, such as our Pure EPA are the most efficient and effective at raising omega-3 levels as they are unrivalled in terms of concentration and dose. Most omega-3 supplements (such as standard TG fish oil or krill oil) do not produce meaningful increases to red blood cell omega-3 levels because they only offer good bioavailability, whilst being very poor in terms of concentration and dose.
With a daily dose of Pure EPA, you should first start to notice an improvement in your hair, skin and nails, This is a sign that you are absorbing the oil correctly. When this starts to happen, over time, the oil addresses the omega imbalance.
78 % of our new customers arrive via word of mouth recommendation from current customers. We know this from testing and feedback from within our database.
What makes Pure EPA unique among other omega 3 supplements?
As the name suggests, Pure EPA contains ultra-pure EPA, and only a fraction of other omega 3 fatty acids. We recently performed a customer survey and 82% of our current customers said they had noticed a difference after taking our EPA oil. Our Pure EPA oil was first introduced over 12 years ago. We started as a small family run company and have gone from strength to strength due to the extremely high quality of the oil. The quality and length of time the product has been on the market, has given us a very large repeat customer base. Our customers over the years have been reporting back some amazing results.
On the 15 of September 2017 we received our laboratory report for the latest batch of oil; total omega content per 100mg of oil was an amazing 97.68%. Customer feedback from surveys we send out gives us a valuable insight into how each customer responds in a positive way when taking the oil. We carry out our own surveys to our current customers. On average we receive a feedback score of 4.5 out of 5 for product excellence, customer service, and overall satisfaction.
I am a naturopathic physician with nearly 20 years of experience developing breakthrough nutritional products.I also have extensive television and radio experience and have lectured widely to health professionals, the military and the public on all aspects of natural health.
It was when I first started primary school that I think it became obvious that I wasn't fitting in with everyone else. I spent a lot of time alone in the playground but looking back I don't think I wanted to mix with the other kids, I was completely oblivious to everything.
It wasn't long before there was concern at school because the other kids were starting to learn to read but I wasn't, click here to read more.
Please take a moment to read this very personal account a customer emailed to us some time ago. (This is a testimonial and individual results may vary).
From a very early age, I can remember being very agitated about some of the smallest things. What's important to a child can of course be nothing of consequence to an adult, but at the time I can remember asking questions that seemed very important to me. Are we late? Is there going to be anybody there? I would be seriously worried about the outcome of the answer to would it rain on school sports day? What would we do? Would it be cancelled? If it didn't rain, would everyone turn up? Did I look OK in my new sports strip? Were we on time? Being late for an occasion opened the door to a whole new set of worries. This sort of worrying may not sound too extreme, but I was only five or six years old.
As far as I can remember, my parents – who 99% of the time were great, never picked up on my excessive anxiety. I always felt fobbed off with a half-baked answer to most of my questions. I honestly feel that if it had been spotted and helped by them, then things may have been easier for me as a child. I'm conscious with my own children today that children need lots of support and lots of love and reassurance from their parents.
One of the more unusual things I used to worry about in my teenage years was the weather. The weather, in particular the wind, used to send shivers down my spine. It caused me to worry and fret about the slightest little thing. As an adult I've done a lot of reading, but have never come across this particular problem – I call it Weather Affective Disorder. It's a close cousin of Seasonal Affective Disorder or SAD, except that while SAD only affects people for a few months of the year, WAD affected me all year round. It could be wind, rain or even the blue sky that bothered me.
Despite my anxieties as a child, I was very good at sport and problem solving – I was also very creative.
I joined the army when I was 16 and was happy to be involved in lots of sport and activities but I found the constant change, lack of information and constantly living in fear of the unknown hard to cope with. Where was I to be sent next and when? Would I like it as much as what I was doing currently? I worried constantly.
After being in the army for about six years I had had enough of the constant change and upheaval, so I decided to leave and have a go at something else. I gave my one year's notice to leave. At that time the army had just made a lot of people redundant so I knew that I would still be sent out on active service in that year. Sure enough, I was sent to Northern Ireland on a six-month tour. On the whole that was a fun trip, and I had some good times with a good bunch of lads. After the six months we arrived back in our barracks in Germany to be told we had two weeks' leave, after which we were to prepare to go to Bosnia for another six-month tour of duty. At this point I was due to leave the army and was going to start my resettlement courses, so I was unhappy about this. This event seemed to act as a psychological trigger for me.
Our job in Bosnia was to build a runway so that NATO could launch air strikes if it needed to. When we arrived I knew something inside me was different, but still to this day I don't know what it was – I just didn't feel right. Our job was to build our own accommodation first, then to start on the runway. We started to build a tented camp the size of a small village which resembled something from MASH. When we got there it was the back end of summer and very hot, and the working days were short and bearable (with the occasional visit to the beach thrown in). The showers we built were just cattle shed frames with water pumped into the hollow metal frame, then we punched a hole into the frame with a nail and there you had a shower. The toilet was one long trench dug into the floor, right next to the road so all the passing traffic could see you (most of the traffic was military).
After two months the summer had gone and the wet season was upon us, and this is when my life began to change forever. The days were wet, windy and dark. Our clothes were constantly wet, our tents had small rivers running through them and my sleeping bag and all my possessions were wet. It's impossible to describe the feeling of getting into a wet sleeping bag with water still dripping on you, the tent being blown over night after night in the torrential downpours. Getting up in the morning having not slept a wink all night due to being soaking wet was horrendous, everything was wet or extremely damp for three months. My morale was at an all-time low. Then a ray of light; our troop commander said that it was our turn for a bit of rest and recuperation. Just what the doctor ordered – or was it?
We were sent to a small hotel about 20 miles from camp, two single beds per room, en-suite shower and toilet, clean towels, dry clean beds, hot quality food, hot running water. It was heaven. To feel such comfort after such squalor was an amazing high, words cannot explain my elation.
For four whole days and nights we lived in relative luxury and ate good food. When the four days were up, we were bussed back to our tents. On the way back it started to dawn on me that I had left a very wet sleeping bag and clothes behind. When we arrived it was worse than I had expected. Whilst we were away the camp had been flooded and our tent was under a foot of water. I felt a terrible sinking feeling. It came over me suddenly; I just wanted to kill myself there and then. Life had no meaning at that point. I just burst into tears and sat there with my head in my hands wishing I was dead. As every second passed, I was going further down into a bottomless pit. I had been sitting there for what felt like hours when a medic came, picked me up and walked me to the tented medical center.
That was the start of my bipolar life – a dizzying high followed by a catastrophic low. The treatment which followed was very basic, just a load of tablets to keep me quiet until I left the army in three months' time.
There followed two disastrously unsuccessful stays in two different psychiatric wards. I won't go into details just in case you need to have a short stay in one yourself. If you do, remember to never get angry, to keep smiling and telling them you're OK or your stay will be longer than you think. After this I resigned myself to self-diagnosis. I did a lot of reading and came to the fairly easy conclusion of bipolar disorder (manic depression ), involving massive ups and massive downs.
Ten years later I had tried every antidepressant drug under the sun, none of which seemed to work for me – the side-effects were just as described in the leaflet, but the positive effects never materialised.
The Quest To Find Balance Begins!
So after many failed treatments from the doctors including herbal remedies, I decided to try and give my whole life and daily regime a good overhaul. This started with many hours of research to find the ultimate health plan, after these many hours of research they all led me to the same paths which were general lifestyle, diet and exercise.
So I decided to make a plan to start exercising again. This was really easy as I was used to it from the Army, so I made a conscious effort to visit the gym at least 3-4 times per week. I was off to a great start so no problem there.
The same can be said for high carbohydrate food as well (Not that Atkins rubbish, just eating more lean protein). After doing all this I started to feel like things were really falling into place for me and I began to feel a lot better. I don't know why but I still felt that one component was missing and it took me ages and ages to find out what it was. So I kept a diary of my weeks activities and food intake and showed it to a friend of mine who is a nutritionist. She took one look and was quietly impressed, but she spotted right away that I had zero omega 3 in my diet at all!
So after sorting out my lifestyle my highs are now fairly manageable; they tend to upset those around me more than they upset me. As for the downs – I have them under control too.
After hearing that I was deficient in omega 3, I did some more research into what kinds of foods I needed to be eating to obtain this in my diet. Now apart from Hemp seed the only really natural food that is abundantly high in Omega 3 is fish … Noooo way, I can't stand fish! So I had to find an alternative to try and get this into my diet and the natural choice was Fish oil supplements as I was not prepared to eat fish!
I went along to my local supermarket and bought some fish oil. I sat back and waited for my more balanced moods that everyone talks about regarding omega 3, but there was no change.
In the mean time I was given a book to read about the benefits of Omega 3 fish oils, and about the benefits of something called EPA, an omega 3 nutrient. Having found a fish oil with a high EPA content, I again waited for the balance in mood to occur. Disappointed, I wondered if I was immune to fish oil, or if I still had the wrong type.
So I set about studying EPA fish oil in great depth, and what I found was to change my life.
I found that there are many grades of fish oil, from the old-fashioned cod liver oil right up to the Rolls Royce of fish oil – high-grade EPA concentrates. I searched for the highest grade of EPA that I could find. All the oils seemed to have unique selling points, but because of all the research I had done I could tell the hype from the truth. The biggest pointer I was given was that oil, like alcohol, has strength, and that the quantity wasn't as important as the strength.
Again I searched for this elusive high-grade oil. It was apparent that all websites would use terms like 'high-grade' and 'ultra strong', which hampered my progress for genuine high grade oil. I eventually found a product that had some independent reviews and was allegedly one of the strongest oils available. I hoped this would be my solution, but again I felt no effect.
I rang the company involved and asked if I was doing something wrong, they asked how long I had been taking the oil for and how many capsules per day. They told me it was not a miracle cure, and that I would have to take four capsules per day for a minimum of three months for the oil to be fully absorbed. They also said that there were other things that could put the brakes on the absorption process, mainly your diet, (I had this under control).
So I upped my dose to four caps in the morning and stayed with my good eating habits, trying to cut out all the rubbish. Four weeks later I started to notice some very strange things happening to me; I was behaving a little out of character. My anxiety levels about very stupid things had all but gone. I had stopped worrying about my car breaking down when it was raining, and about low-level fast-moving clouds. I also started to notice that my anger levels aimed at my children were also rapidly disappearing; I was talking to them rather than ranting at them. Not to mention the rapid growth of my hair and nails.
Over the following months I noticed many things starting to fall into place. My moods were more balanced then they had been for 15 years. I found myself laughing at comedy on the TV, which was not normal for me. I started not to care about little things, and I found it easier to let things go whereas before they would nag at me for weeks on end. My concentration was nothing short of awesome, the ability to focus on a task was so much better, but the biggest thing had to be the balance of mood that this fish oil seemed to be giving me.
Absolutely 100% cured? No, but I am 95% better for having added it to my diet. If my old moods could be compared to a tidal wave, my moods now are gentle waves lapping on the shore, and they are very easy to manage.


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The entrance to City Heights Joe Simon
As an era in public housing nears an end, what's next for City Heights?
David Holthaus | Thursday, October 14, 2021
About 800 people live in City Heights. Joe Simon
The public housing project was built in a different era. Joe Simon
A planned community built with a church. Joe Simon
A convenience store in City Heights. Joe Simon
City Heights is an anachronism, a relic from another era.
A housing project built nearly 70 years ago on an isolated hilltop in Covington, it was created in the days when public housing meant concentrating the poor in one location.
There's one way in to City Heights, through a now-abandoned gatehouse, and one way out. It's a warren of cul-de-sacs, populated with identical, two-story, brick apartment buildings. Its barracks-style buildings have suffered from decades of neglect.
But it is home to about 750 people. Most are people of color, many are single mothers, many are children, all of them are of limited means.
Now they need to find new homes. Federal housing officials have given the OK to close the complex of 366 apartments, a community that also includes a convenience store and a church. It's a decision Covington city and housing leaders have sought for a long time. But it comes at a time when the region is in the midst of a long-term shortage of housing that is available and affordable to low-income families.
It's not at all clear yet where City Heights residents will go. How local city and housing officials handle that could point the direction to the future of affordable housing in Northern Kentucky.
The process will take at least three years, says Steve Arlinghaus, executive director of the Housing Authority of Covington.
There's already a backlog of 800 people waiting to get into public housing in the city, he says. City Heights residents will be able to jump to the front of that line. But with a long waiting list already, and a dwindling supply of public housing, it's unclear how long the wait will be, even for those at the front of the line.
"There's not nearly enough affordable housing out there to start with," Arlinghaus says. "That's a whole separate issue that a lot of community leaders should be talking about, and unfortunately I don't see that happening very much."
Affordable housing should also be safe, clean, and comfortable. After he was appointed director of the housing agency three years ago, Arlinghaus and his board commissioned an architecture, planning, and consulting firm to do a detailed assessment of the project's condition.
The report estimated that it would cost almost $51 million to restore the complex to "safe, decent, and sanitary" standards, with the cost of a more complete modernization estimated at more than $84 million.
The problems were everywhere: Gravity had taken its toll over the decades, as the hillside had slipped, foundations were cracked, sewage lines were deteriorated, natural gas and heating pipes were failing, electrical systems were inadequate and obsolete, electric meter bases and conductor lines had deteriorated, and mold was festering.
The complex had not had a comprehensive makeover since it was built in 1953, Arlinghaus says. The maintenance staff had decreased to a quarter of the federal government's recommended guidelines, work on serious maintenance issues had been deferred for years, and residents' complaints were frequent.
Covington's city commissioners supported the housing authority's request to close City Heights in a July letter to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. "City Heights is not integrated into the rest of the city, its fundamental flaws are simply not fixable, and no one would consent to build such a project today," the letter said.
The physical problems of the structures are compounded by the fact that the community is isolated. There are few job opportunities nearby, it suffers from poor access to health care, groceries, and schools, and the community had become a haven for drugs, crime, and gun violence.
"Every family deserves to live in a place they're proud to call home," says Covington Mayor Joe Meyer, who also chairs the housing authority board. "Tragically, City Heights is not such a place and will never be, no matter how much money is thrown at it. It's isolated, run down, unsafe, and founded on a long-failed model for public housing."
But it is home to 750 people, many of whom are already living on the edge.
"It's scary to someone who wants stabilization," says resident Cathy McCants.
"I really hate the fact that we have to get up and go so fast," says resident Penny Blevins. "A lot of anxiety."
The residents will receive vouchers that they can use to help pay for housing anywhere in the country. They're called tenant protection vouchers, and differ from standard Section 8 vouchers that must be used in the county where they were issued, Arlinghaus says.
He says a survey of residents found that one-third originated in Cincinnati. "The majority of them want to go back to Cincinnati," he says.
But Cincinnati has its own shortage of affordable housing, as a 2017 report on Hamilton County found a shortfall of 40,000 housing units.
And the state of Kentucky has a shortfall of 78,000 housing units for people of extremely low incomes, says Adrienne Bush, executive director of the Homeless and Housing Coalition of Kentucky.
Complicating matters is the reluctance of private landlords to accept housing vouchers. "It's kind of wild, wild west," Bush says. "There's no statewide law that prohibits discrimination against voucher holders."
"When you have a significant portion of the private rental market saying, no, you can't live here, it makes the vouchers harder to use, and it prolongs people's housing insecurity," she says.
The new vouchers will start to be issued in December or January, and only at the pace of 10 a month, Arlinghaus says.
"It's not going to happen overnight," he says. "We can't hand out all these vouchers all at one time, it would flood the market."
A relocation specialist will be hired to help. Senior citizens – there's 15-20 living there – will be first on the voucher list. The last on the list will be the 240 or so who are enrolled in a program called Jobs Plus. That's a $2.2 million program that was awarded to the Housing Authority in 2018 specifically for City Heights residents to help them gain job skills, get a GED, improve their employment opportunities, and increase their incomes. That program is funded through the end of next year, so placing the recipients last on the list allows them to earn all the benefits of it.
How the rest of the residents will be prioritized hasn't been figured out yet. Housing vouchers usually expire after a certain period of time, somewhere between 30 and 90 days, Bush says.
"It's important that the community holds them accountable to make sure people are able to use the vouchers elsewhere, and they're not just cut off after a certain time frame," she says.
The property – it's 76 acres – will eventually be put up for sale. An appraisal put its value at $6 million, which accounted for $3 million in demolition costs.
It's not much of a stretch to envision upscale homes being built there some day, as they have on many of the region's hillsides. "There's some awesome views from up there," Arlinghaus says.
The end of City Heights is another milestone in the denouement of an era in public housing in Covington. The 169 apartments that made up the Depression-era Jacob Price Homes were demolished gradually beginning in 2006. They were replaced years later by a mixed-use development called Rivers Edge at Eastside Pointe, which combines market-rate housing with public housing. Only 40 of the units are public housing.
Arlinghaus says part of the answer must come from other cities in the county accepting the development of affordable housing in their neighborhoods. Its concentration in Covington and neighboring Newport comes from outdated federal regulations that required public housing to be located where the population centers were. But the population has shifted.
The closing of City Heights "is an opportunity for public housing to be integrated into the broader community," Arlinghaus says. "Northern Kentucky as a collective whole needs to recognize that the challenge of providing affordable housing is a regional issue, and not just one for the river cities to solve."
That long-term goal is something housing officials and elected leaders will need to focus sustained attention on. In the meantime, hundreds of households in City Heights will need help finding safe housing, peace of mind, and dignity. That too is an opportunity.
As Mayor Meyer says, "If we do it right, our families will be much better off."
Read more articles by David Holthaus.
David Holthaus is the managing editor of NKY Thrives, an award-winning journalist, and a Cincinnati native. When not writing or editing, he's likely to be bicycling, hiking, reading or watching classic movies.
Community Development, Government, Quality of Life, Social Justice

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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RHS High Times
Wrestling's First Team
By RHS High Times / January 6, 2020
The winter sports season brings a myriad of intriguing and entertaining sports, but one in particular raises many interests: Ridgewood's wrestling program. Sometimes overlooked and shadowed by sports like Basketball and Track & Field, the wrestling team is a group of dedicated athletes who commit themselves to demanding training and dieting. Wrestling is known to be one of the most intense sports in general, and at RHS it is no different. The members of this team do not think of their program in terms of Freshman, JV, and Varsity levels as many other sports do. Instead, they believe that the entire wrestling team is one community, and everyone within it should support one another. Shane Trattner, a Junior at RHS stated, "We are one team. Every person on the team is important and contributes to the program's overall success. I never feel alone on the team and there is always someone I can talk to and rely on for support. It's a great group of people."
The teams first match took place on Friday, December 20th, against Glen Rock at RHS. Last season, the team maintained an admirable record of 13-9-1 in the Big North Freedom Division, one of the toughest divisions in the area. Along with impressive athletes like Jeffery Deiss, Shane Trattner, Lucas Sharma, Sean Emmanuel, Joseph & Michael Bussinelli, and Anthony Vacarella, the roster for this year's team is full of talented competitors who are ready to prove that RHS wrestling is the best. In addition to a great group of athletes, the RHS wrestling program is run by well-respected Torre Watson who has been the head coach of the team for over ten years; his commitment and discipline of the team has made Ridgewood one of the most competitive wrestling teams in North Jersey. With both an amazing coach and a talented program, RHS is undoubtedly one of the strongest teams going into the 2019-20 wrestling season. Sean Emmanuel, another Junior stated, "Wrestling is definitely hard, there's no denying that. The practices and restricted eating can for sure get to you, but it's all worth it when you go out there and win. All the hard work and dedication pays off when you're able to share the success with your team." Despite the arduous practices that push athletes to their limits, the rigorous dieting that is required to meet certain weight classes, and the overarching pressure to succeed and win, athletes on the RHS wrestling team deal with it all tremendously well and showcase that this sport is not one to be forgotten.
Emily Sue
Graphic: Sofia Lee
Peng Shuai – An Example of China's #MeToo Movement
By RHS High Times / December 27, 2021
Atlanta Falcons Younghoe Koo: Ridgewood Alumni
Athlete Spotlight: Nicky Crane
College Football Season Recap and Playoff Predictions
Athlete Spotlight: Joe Grasso
By RHS High Times / November 21, 2021
Speaker Series: David Becker
The Faults of Affirmative Action
December Artist of the Month
The Vandalism at RHS: What Does It Mean?
"You're Hot and You're Cold"
Shining in its Full Glory: Downtown for the Holidays
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHvTgsPFl3o
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Official Instagram of Ridgewood High School's Newspaper, the High Times!
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Wishing you all the happiest Thanksgiving!
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OCTOBER ARTICLES OUT NOW‼🚨Check them out o
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The RHS High Times
The High Times is Ridgewood High School's student-run newspaper in Ridgewood, NJ. Students have the opportunity to compose articles and design graphics relating to the RHS and greater Ridgewood communities. Anyone interested in becoming a writer or artist can come to monthly meetings and sign up.
Please contact a member of our staff if you would like to get involved as a HT writer or artist or if you have any questions!
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PROFESSIONS, VOCATIONS, AND BUSINESSES
54-304. architect's seal. (1) Every licensed architect shall have a seal, the impression of which must contain the name and Idaho architect license number of the architect and the words "licensed architect" and "state of Idaho," with which he shall seal all technical submissions issued from his office.
(2) The seal, signature and date may be manually or electronically applied. Whenever the seal is applied to a technical submission, the signature of the architect and the date thereof shall be written adjacent to or across the seal. The signature, date and seal shall appear on all technical submissions prepared by the architect or that meet the requirements set forth in subsection (4) of this section. Only the title page of reports, specifications and like documents must bear the date and the seal and signature of the architect. It is the responsibility of the architect sealing the document to provide adequate security when documents with electronic seals are distributed. Electronically produced documents distributed for informational uses, such as for bidding purposes or as working copies, may be issued with only the architect's seal if:
(a) The copy includes a notice that the original document is on file with the date and architect's signature;
(b) The words "original signed by" and "date original signed" are placed adjacent to or across the seal on the electronic document; and
(c) The storage location of the original document is identified.
The design and use of the seal shall be as required by board rule.
(3) Technical submissions involving the practice of architecture that are submitted to any public or governmental agency for the purpose of obtaining a building permit that are not clearly identified by the affixed seal of the architect and the signature of the architect and date thereof shall be deemed unacceptable submissions for the purpose of obtaining a building permit.
(4) An architect may sign and seal technical submissions only if the technical submissions were:
(a) Prepared by the architect;
(b) Prepared by persons under the architect's responsible control;
(c) Prepared by another architect licensed in Idaho if the signing and sealing architect has reviewed the other architect's work and either has coordinated the preparation of the work or has integrated the work into his own technical submissions; or
(d) Prepared by another architect licensed in any state and holding the certification issued by the national council of architectural registration boards if:
(i) The signing and sealing architect has reviewed the other architect's work and has integrated the work into his own technical submissions; and
(ii) The other architect's technical submissions are prototypical building documents.
(5) An architect may sign and seal drawings, specifications or other work that is not required to be prepared by an architect if the architect has reviewed the work and has integrated it into his own technical submissions.
(6) Any licensed architect signing or sealing technical submissions not prepared by that architect but prepared under the architect's responsible control by persons not regularly employed in the office where the architect is resident shall maintain and make available to the board upon request, for at least five (5) years following the signing and sealing, adequate and complete records demonstrating the nature and extent of the architect's control over and detailed knowledge of the technical submissions throughout their preparation. Any licensed architect signing or sealing technical submissions integrating the work of another architect into the registered architect's own work, as permitted under subsection (4)(c) or (d) of this section, shall maintain adequate and complete records demonstrating the nature and extent of the registered architect's review of and integration of the work of the other architect into his own technical submissions and that such review and integration met the required professional standard of care. Such records shall be maintained and made available to the board, upon request, for at least five (5) years following the signing and sealing of the technical submissions.
[54-304, added 2018, ch. 129, sec. 2, p. 271.]


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Accuphase DP-700 Precision MDSD SA-CD Player Review
By: Constantine Soo | March 2010
Considering the fact that tube digital-to-analogue converters are virtually non-existent in the high-end audio product offerings from corporate entities with full engineering compliment, such as Accuphase, Esoteric, Sony, Wadia, Meridian, Luxman, et cetera, it will seem to indicate a certain philosophy, or even insistence, among them to avoid promoting tube DACs. Whether it is a decision by necessity or by philosophy, these companies have put their reputation at stake effectively by developing solid-state DACs exclusively. Historically, these companies have done well pursuing their goals.
Among the aforementioned companies, Accuphase is one of today's most high-profiled Japanese companies known for their steadfast focus in developing products strictly for the high-end audio market. It has remained the same company since its founding in 1972 (See The Accuphase Culture), and the company's amplifier and preamplifier product offerings have always been its forte among rivals. Soon after, the company became one of the forerunners of high-end digital audio products in 1986 with the introduction of its DP-80/DC-81 2-chassis reference compact disc playback system, while Sony, the co-inventor of the format, introduced its own CDP-R1/DAS-R1 2-chassis flagship in 1987.
The Accuphase DP-700, the subject of this review, is the latest top offering in a single-chassis SACD player from the company. It is second only to the current 2-chassis DP-800 SACD transport ($22,000) and DC-801 SACD DAC ($20,000). While the company's previous generation flagship SACD transport, the DP-100, adopted Sony's top-loading SACD transport also featured in the popular Sony SCD-1 and SCD-777ES, the Accuphase DP800 flagship SACD transport now uses a proprietary "SA-CD Transport Mechanism". The same transport mechanism is also at the heart of the DP-700.
The D/A converter section of the DP-700 is also a scaled down version of the DC-801, featuring the same eight Analog Device AD1955 SACD chip sets in each channel in an industry-exclusive arrangement dubbed the Multiple Double Speed DSD, or "MDSD". This technique utilizes the SACD chips in seven sequentially delayed steps to create a summed, highly precise signal. For all intents and purposes, the $26,000 DP-700 is the combination of the penultimate DP-800/DC801 SACD system. Thus, the DP-700 is the ultimate one-box SACD player by Accuphase supposedly.
In the preceding 12 months, I auditioned several digital systems of both tube and solid-state designs, including the Ypsilon system that Jack Roberts reviewed, and tube-based DACs had consistently sounded texturally rounder and less fatiguing. In fact, many smaller, specialty European companies choose to traverse the tube route in their digital machines to minimize the artificiality in digital sound; good examples are Audio Note UK and Ypsilon DACs with their extravagancy in using expensive and exotic materials for the sole consideration of sonic perfection. Most other larger operations, on the other hand, have consistently stayed on the cutting edge and showcase their products imbedded with the latest technologies. They apply the latest chip sets in a textbook example of economy of scale, developing for mass production the solid-state style. The AKM 32-bit chip sets and the Esoteric D-05 DAC that incorporates them, are prime examples.
The Analog Device AD1955 SACD chip is the most advanced chip set manufactured by the chip company, and Accuphase's utilization of eight of them in each channel harkens back to the company's illustrious milestones, such as the DC-91 DAC which used 16 of the 20-bit, Burr Brown DAC chip per channel in a precocious 1992. That colossus of an engineering feat relegated the three transformers, along with fourteen power supplies to the far left of the unit's interior. It even weighed around 50 lbs, a full 5 lbs heavier than its companion DP-90 CD transport. Now eighteen years later, the DP-700 is the first one-box player from Accuphase with the exact DAC chip set compliment as the flagship separates, weighing in at around 60 lbs, and sounding uncharacteristically smooth for a solid-state player. Its transport mechanism was arguably the smoothest I've heard and felt. Precision CD transport mechanisms are costly to develop and manufacture, and Accuphase is one of two top Japanese companies manufacturing its own exclusive designs for use in its top products. The superbly quiet action of the transport during opening and closing gave the feel of a precision German automobile in its exacting ruggedness and super massive mass. Current Accuphase owners may be spoiled and not appreciate my sentiment as much, but for the rest of us out there operating the Accuphase transport for the first time until at least the thousandth time (that is only 1,000-CD worth of listening), I can attest for myself that I continued to be enamoured by the workings of the flawless mechanism. It's a guy thing.
While all of Sony's current SACD player offerings are multi-channel, and Esoteric has a full-house of both stereo and multi-channel machines, Accuphase, by offering only stereo players, is obviously not feeling the necessity to embrace the multi-channel capacity of SACD, clearly expressing its belief that two-channel music reproduction is of first and foremost consideration to its clientele. Judging from the extraordinarily long life cycle of its players, such as the seven years' run of the DP-100/DC-101, the company must have a considerably loyal clientele base to draw its business support from. Retrospectively, in the absence of new technologies that empower speakers wirelessly, the sight and expenditure of five or seven audiophile-grade, thick speaker cables commandeering a listening room in a multi-channel setup, much less when accompanied by an equal compliment of room-filling speakers, is prohibitive. The only multi-channel setup I would consider is the latest offering from Niro of Nakamichi fame, which demonstrated 5.1 surround sound in a home theatre setup as produced by a single speaker, but that is another story.
The DP-700 was inserted into my system in which the 47 Lab 4704 PiTracer CD transport and Audio Note UK DAC5 Special constituted my reference source, the Pass Labs X0.2 my preamplifier, the XA100.5 monoblocks the amplification in driving the Rockport Mira Grand II. The Feastrex Makoto loudspeaker provided additional insight. Being a tube DAC owner, I see no reason a tube aficionado would consider the DP-700 initially; but if one is to base his purchasing decision on sound alone, the DP-700 is a resounding surprise.
I am a digiphile, and I listen predominantly to digital music via the compact disc medium from a disc player and the digital music files from a laptop computer. I also believe that the future of music as our cultural and civilization heritage lies in digital form. The contact medium of vinyl is for the hobbyist among us, and putting aside the highly fragile nature of the vinyl medium and the complexity in process required for its use, the large-scale migration of audiophiles from the medium to compact disc in the 80s and 90s is testament to everyone's sentiments in an overwhelming desire to uproot what they had for decades and adopt a new format that is cheaper, easier to use and less susceptible to destruction. The vinylphiles among us, of course, will have much to say to the contrary. One such person is Dagogoan Phillip Holmes, for instance, a steadfast vinylphile, who will voice what he deems as deficiencies of the compact disc format in an eye-opening new article. This is a hobby, and we are all in this to our heart's content. What matters the most after all is that we all enjoy…. you get my drift.
Although a digiphile, I have quite a collection of LPs that continues to grow intermittently, not because I listen to them more than CDs. Rather, considering the controversies the digiphile and vinylphile camps continue to generate, the LPs, along with a Kyocera PL-910, a Yamaha PX-2, a 47 Lab Koma turntable system that I am reviewing, and several phono stages, not the least of them included an Accuphase C-27 phono stage, provide the perspective I need in my reviews. The Accuphase DP-700, in a nutshell, provided a sound closest to my vinyl experience.
The vinyl sound is characterized by a continuity that is less specific and less analytically presented than the digital sound. When I listen to LPs, for the 20-minute-minus duration of one LP side, I sit back and relax. With digital, I sit up and listen for a good hour or until the symphony is finished, and it is hard to dismiss elements emerging that weren't there before. Then there is the vinyl smoothness that vinyl connoisseurs with Koetsu cartridges and the like can never live without. Of course, with the 47 Lab Miyabi/47 cartridge in my vinyl setup, which just came back from a fresh review by Dagogoan Jack Roberts (to be published), the smoothness, though not as pronounced, remained prevalent as a hallmark of vinyl finesse. The DP-700 demonstrated that analogue-like smoothness in spade, sounding strikingly close to the Koetsu cartridge.
For instance, the promotional Telarc hybrid SACD demonstration disc that came with the Sony SCD-777ES that I once owned contains one track called "Let Yourself Go!" that continues to be unsurpassed for demonstration suitability in its dynamic contrasting and dimensionality. I would imagine audiophiles who bought the Sony SACD player never surrendered this disc when they finally sold the player. Neither did I. That track, along with 2 others, performed by Eric Kunzel and the Cincinnati Pops, was later released in 2000 on That Nelson Riddle Sound (CD-80532). The Sony presented the SACD sound as large, dynamic and reverberating, whereas the redbook CD layer sounded compressed and diminished. The same redbook CD layer sounded bold again via the Accuphase, while the SACD layer sounded slightly more expansive, inching out more noticeably in the textural richness, and a slight improvement in reverberation.
But even the minutely jaded texture rendering of instruments of redbiook CDs by the Accuphase was an unforgettable experience. The bulk of my listening was on CDs, and while I wouldn't dismiss the fact that the $40,000 Audio Note DAC5 Special with its tube circuitry was superior in every way, I must also inform our readers that I had never heard another solid-state player to produce such supple richness in tonality. On every CDs that I put through it, from early 80s recordings to the latest, there was this analogue-like roundness intertwined with tonal sophistication that was at once addictive. Simply put, it attained the most masterful level in reviving the sumptuous nuances embedded in the pits, laying out the intricate inner workings of each track as formulated by the artists and the recording engineers.
If your digiphobia has no boundary and has never known any cure, the Accuphase DP-700 may just be the only option in the digital landscape. Conversely, if you have never known digiphobia and you listen to digital music exclusively, then the Accuphase's flexibility as independent transport and DAC, along with the variable volume functionality, is simply a world of audiophile fun. Put a superior power cable to it, such as the Isoclean Super Focus, and not only the player's overall performance will take off, its transport and DAC sections will also provide reference calibre performance as a separate DAC or transport.
With my reference system being the PiTracer and DAC5 Special, the DP-700's DAC sounded even more distinguished when used with the PiTracer. By comparison, the DAC5 Special was comparatively less dynamic and three-dimensional with the DP-700 as a transport as a matter of course. In retrospect, the potential of every CD transport, DAC or CD player with digital output that an owner of the Accuphase puts through sounding better is very real, and basically a matter of course. Couple the Accuphase to a system with higher efficiency speaker system, the Accuphase's 2.5 volt output will be dandy and you won't even need a preamp. The fact that the Accuphase is the most majestic-looking piece of an SACD player is a good thing, too.
Even with the PiTracer and DAC5 Special at my side, I was slowly inching toward an exploration of today's vinyl after several decades of hiatus, and this digital player from Accuphase harkened me back swiftly into the silver-disc landscape, but this time with a sound so magnificent and a performance so assuring, it makes the whole digital experience an incredibly luxurious privilege. A classy act.
2 Responses to Accuphase DP-700 Precision MDSD SA-CD Player Review
Richard Ekstrom says:
March 13, 2013 at 1:52 am PST
SACD always sounds best in MCH which is why for SACD the Accuphase is inferior to the Sony XA5400ES
Constantine Soo says:
March 13, 2013 at 10:10 am PST
Thank you for your comment and readership. Assuming MCH stands for multi-channel, I respect your preference in listening to multi-channel music via SACD, and I'm glad you're having fun with the Sony. Is the Sony superior to the Accuphase in absolute terms, or in two-channel sound reproduction? I suspect not so, but your statement of multi-channel sounding best can be interpreted in many ways, one of them being a more immersed experience resembling a live venue. I am a two-channel audiophile for a variety of reasons, one of them being budget. Let me put it this way: I could've spent $50k on two matching pairs of speakers, amplifiers and cables to go with it, but I opted to maximize my investment in a pair of $30k speakers I really want and a really nice, $16k two-channel digital player, using my existing amplifications and cables. Personally speaking, two-channel music listening puts my mind at ease and allows my imaginations to unfold, whereas surround sound music playback stimulates the senses instead. I close my eyes when listening to music, and you don't do that in live events.
On that, let me end by saying that I believe each of us have different sets of priorities addressed by different products, and I believe the values represented by Accuphase and Sony are geared towards completely different budgets and tastes.


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Mammootty's mass thriller with Ajai Vasudev starts rolling
Mammootty's next with Rajadhiraja fame Ajai Vasudev has started rolling. The movie is scripted by Udhayakrishna, his next after delivering the all time blockbuster Pulimurugan.
The movie is a campus thriller that features Mammootty as a strict college professor. According to the director, his is a larger than life character. The movie revolves around events that turn out after such a professor lands in a college full of spoilt students.
Unni Mukundan and Kasaba fame Varalaxmi Sarathkumar are essaying the roles of police officers in the movie. Unni Mukundan, who has earlier worked with Mammootty in Bombay March 12 and Rajadhiraja, recently wrote in his Facebook page,
"Gonna start shooting for Ajai Vasudev Movie Starring The Megastar in the Lead Role ! Happiness is to enjoy film making with Mammukka. Prayers and Support (sic)."
Gokul Suresh, Mahima Nambiar, Poonam Bajwa, Mukesh, Captain Raju, Kalabhavan Shajon, Ganesh Kumar, Shivaji Guruvayoor, Santhosh Pandit, Biju Kuttan, Salim Kumar and Maqbool Salmaan are also part of the cast. A new production house Royal Cinemas owned by CH Muhammed will be funding this movie.
Shaji Kumar, who handled the camera in Pulimurugan is the DOP. Anal Arasu will be choreographing the high octane stunt sequences in the movie. The makers are eyeing to release the movie for Onam this year.
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DEVX (v3) is a strange creature. It doesn't follow indicators per say, it enters a position following the outcome of random functions and yet it is a trend following trading system. As if there was a contradiction in terms in using trend and randomness at the same time.
In anticipation of the conclusion, DEVX (v3) came in second in the three 25 year tests performed. Remarkable and impressive results, but still second place. Nonetheless, there is much to learn from this script.
But first, there was a need to know how good was the original trading script published in 2002. It would have to survive over some 12 years of out of sample data (OOS) on the back end, and some 7 years of OOS data on the front end since the strategy was tested only over the 6 years of data prior to July 2002. And the original XDev trading strategy might not have seen any of the stocks in the DOW 30. Quite a challenge for an old script: never seen data, never tested before over 25 years and fixed in its code structure for the duration. On Wealth-Lab, this strategy is referenced as: "XDev Long V1", originally coded by fdpiech and later modified and republished by Gyro, July 5, 2002".
What was this program's mode of operation?
The strategy designed a none trading zone, where it would buy shares below and sell them above it. This way, it could accumulate some shares below the channel and dump them once it had crossed above its higher channel line. Relatively simple and relatively effective. It's not a new trading idea. It's what everyone has been trying to do for ages. It resumes to a simple buy, and sell at a profit kind of strategy.
during the preliminary tests, I found data inconsistencies in the price series of AIG and C. Ratter than re-do all the tests on this script, I opted to simply eliminate AIG and C and replace them with more current DOW components (TRV and V). Doing so, I also realized that my DOW list was outdated. This generated a new problem: do I replace those as well? I came to the conclusion: yes. But then, V and GS didn't have 25 years of data. Therefore, I opted to replace them with stocks outside the DOW. This is done without loss of generality as the changes won't affect the trading ideas and concepts presented in these tests. If they worked on other stocks, they might as well work on these too (stocks never seen by this strategy either, all OOS data). I found this solution preferable to others going forward. Therefore, from this point on, all DOW 30 tests will be done using the new stock list with its 6 replacement stocks (2 of which are not in the DOW). I have more tests to do so I might as well use clean data.
It turns out that the original version of this program performs much better than the other two original versions already tested: Σ(H(XDev_orig).*ΔP) >> Σ(H(BBB_orig).*ΔP) > Σ(H(LMK_orig).*ΔP). It also ends up mostly in cash with practically no inventory on hand, with 15 stocks having no inventory at all (meaning being totally in cash). It's also the original strategy that traded the most compared to the other two: XDev_orig: 30,085 trades; BBB_orig: 7,803 trades; and LMK_orig: 1,104 trades over their respective 25 years trading history. This is an important factor when looking at long-term performance levels (but not the only one to consider).
This can be explained by the following expression: Σn(Qj)*Pk - Σn(Qi*Pi) which provides the same results as the payoff matrix: Σ(H.*ΔP). Both technically express the total generated profit or loss from applying a trading strategy to a portfolio of stocks. The first expression reads: the proceeds of all sales + the value of still opened positions minus their respective costs equals the total generated profit or loss.
Therefore, having a positive edge, no matter how it is implemented and if it holds in time; the number of trades performed matters. This can have a positive impact on overall performance levels. It's like, if on average, you can make a buck, then it becomes: how many times can you do it?
Σ(H(BBB_Mod01).*ΔP) > Σ(H(DEVX_V3).*ΔP) > Σ(H(LMK_0.06).*ΔP).
It could be resumed as: $5.4B > $1.6B > $1.1B. So, the difference is major, a 5 to 1 ratio between first and last. The BBB Mod 01 trading strategy, therefore, remains king of the road (for the moment...).
What can be learned from the above table?
The mission of this program was to accumulate shares for the long term and trade over the process. Use the proceeds of all sales to accelerate acquisitions. A feedback loop which if effective would show in the performance level reached. This is a common theme behind all my trading strategies. DEVX V3 was designed 2 ½ years ago and has never before been tested on a 25 years time horizon over a portfolio of stocks of OOS data.
The strategy made 667,020 trades over its 25-year test with 530,799 trades closed and 633,929 trades showing a profit. This means that on the 136,311 positions still opened,103,130 are showing profits while 33,091 are still in the red (showing a loss).
The number of trades is more than sufficient for statistical analysis of the whole trading process. The strategy had a remarkable 94%+ of its trades showing a profit from closed and still opened positions.
Naturally, if you trade 667,020 trades over the course of 6,478 trading days, this averages out to 3.4 $5k trades a day for each stock. You started small, $5k at a time, and gradually grew the number of trades as the portfolio value increased. From, one here and there, to 2, 5, 10 trades at a time. The more the portfolio grew, the more the number of trades increased.
To put this in perspective, trading XOM at $100 per share, would make your initial bets be for 50 shares at a time; and as it progressed in time, XOM averaged 3 trades a day, it would represent only 150 shares a day. And this trading method does the same with the twist of accumulating shares for the long term. So, no so farfetched after all. One needs to increase his bets size to maintain a long-term CAGR.
It is based on the same basic idea as the XDev trading strategy designed 12 years ago (my compliments to the authors). My trading procedures use part of the same concept. The main idea was to also design a none trading zone where buying is done below the channel and sales above it (other kinds of channels could be used, the strategy is not limited to just this one).
The differences reside in the trading methods themselves. In DEVX V3, all the entry decisions are based on the outcome of random functions. The very nature of the original program was thereby greatly altered: from a trading only script playing swings to a slow share accumulation program with trading allowed over the process to feed back cash to the account in order to simply buy more shares.
Most people when you say you use random function assume that you are using coin flipping equivalents when in fact all it says is that a trade could be taken or not depending on which probability function you might want to assign. For instance, if I give a trade a probability of 1 in 10 of occurring, well that's it; it will happen once in a while with that probability measure: (1/10). I know from the start that, on average, 9 out of 10 times the trade might not happen at all.
The above chart depicts a 25 years equity curve that managed a 27.95% CAGR, generating $46M in profits of which $16.6M is in cash. The continuously generated profits were used to increase trading while accumulating shares for the long term as part of its trading process. It can say mission accomplished as it ends its 25 years journey with 287,755 shares in inventory valued at $102.73 per share. Of its 19,103 trades (average 2.95 trades/day) all of them are showing a profit. That's quite remarkable. This usually happens when a stock in your portfolio reaches historical highs in its price series while in your portfolio.
Yet, this trading strategy finished in second place!
With so much in cash reserves, portfolio volatility is also reduced. The DEVX trading strategy ends with some 50% of its portfolio equity in cash. This means that for a 5% down move in stock prices, the portfolio would move down by 2.50%. However, one should observe that this 5% move in prices would still represent a $40M move in final portfolio value. This starts to change the notion and appreciation of what is a drawdown and what is an acceptable one.
Just trading would not have accomplished this. The reason is simple: as the portfolio grows, it becomes more and more difficult to flip large sections of a portfolio. It's easy to flip 5% of a portfolio when it's small (5% of $100k is just $5k), but 5% of $46M is $2.3M, and 5% of $1.6B is $81.2M. Ever seen anyone flipping this kind of cash on single trades on a daily basis! This is where trading methods like DEVX can shine. At all times, the trade size is $5k, even if you have $1.6B in the trading account. And I don't see a $5k bet on a $1.6B portfolio being a high-risk proposition. Note, however, that as trading progresses, more than one bet will be placed at the same time, even if the process started slowly.
You won't get there in a day, it's still a long journey to reach your long-term objectives. Compounding takes time, and your strength is your ability to wait. So, steady as it goes.
From the $1k test, it was expected that the $100 test would give about 10 times less in profits which is exactly what it did, even if all the trades might have had different random entries prices.
By playing fixed amounts, one is scaling the payoff matrix: Σ(aH.*ΔP) = aΣ(H.*ΔP). If you put twice the money on the table, you should get twice the rewards. With a $1,000 bet, you will buy 10 times more shares than with a $100 bet. Hence, you are simply scaling your inventory, exposure or participation level.
Now The Interesting Part: How Do I Improve on DEVX?
where the particular part of interest for the DEVX trading script is: H(1 + g + T)t and where g is the accumulation policy rate with T the contribution from the trading process. Therefore by affecting these two elements one can rescale the performance level: H(1 + a1g + a2T)t, and have it have an exponential impact on the portfolio.
The above translates to increasing the stock accumulation process as well as increasing the contribution from trading: the pump to fuel the improvements. Based on the 3 strategies already tested, all their respective portfolios ended with excessive unused cash reserves. Thus, there would appear to be sufficient capital available to increase both contributors to overall performance.
To increase portfolio performance, the task seems to have been reduced to: increase the trading activity (number of profitable trades). This will provide the funds to accumulate more shares: a1 > 1, and a2 > 1, and job done. And since the inventory is on an exponential function: H(1 + a1g + a2T)t, you should get the portfolio value to rise with the indirect effect of reducing the doubling time. Always one of my major concerns when designing trading strategies. This way, the longer you played this game, the more you would make. It's a compounding game after all and performance is measured in CAGR.
After "boosting" DEVX V3 to V6, a new problem will arise: whatever code I would have added to improve DEVX V3's performance could also improve the performance level of the other two tested trading strategies (BBB Mod 01 and LMK 0.06). Then which one should be declared number one? The answer to that one should be relatively easy: BBB Mod 02 (not yet designed) should keep the high spot and stay number one since it too would have a boost in its alpha points.
When I'll do the test (V3 to V6), I will only see the aggregate effect of (g + T). Meaning that the holding matrix H is still path dependent. The trading strategy is ready to behave as requested, but still, the prices have to fluctuate sufficiently in order to cross the no-trade zone time and time again. It could be surmised that the more a price series is volatile, the more such a methodology could benefit from all the price swings of significance.
I will be able to see the aggregate effect of a1 and a2 and their influence on (g + T), which will give something like this: (1 + k)*(g + T) where k > 0, since the "pumping" effect is path dependent and will vary from stock to stock and their degree of volatility. You are kind of requesting for stock prices to fluctuate all they can over their long-term trends, which is what they have been doing for over 2 centuries.
The booster (1 + k) could be extracted and applied to other trading strategies such as BBB Mod 01. How large should k be? Well, not that large. With k > 0.05 (meaning a 5% booster would translate to about 2 alpha points), DEVX V6 might or might not take first place. But if you applied (1+ k) to BBB Mod 01 and transformed it into BBB Mod 02, then BBB Mod 02 would regain its first spot. So for now, DEVX V6 is kind of condemned to remain # 2 until I find a more clever concept that could only be valid in its unique trading style and environment.
What is shown in the above two graphs it that over the first 10 years or so, all the curves are almost indistinguishable. One would have to zoom in to see the details. It's the later years that really count, but to get there, you had to be there for the duration. It's a long-term kind of game and we should look at it with that perspective in mind.
It's now time to do the test and have DEVX V6 do its thing. Doing this one will justify the booster for the others and won't change the standings since it would be sufficient to also change the other trading strategies by incorporating the same trading procedures to their respective programs. The above was written before performing the modifications to DEVX V3 to transform it into V6 which would be run once, whatever the results may be. But I'm confident that V6 will outperform V3; it won't be enough to overtake BBB Mod 02, or BBB Mod 01 for that matter. But still, the test needs to be done. There are lessons to learn from the process.
What the above table says is: mission accomplished. You made more profits, traded more, closed more trades, and increased the CAGR to boot. I find it remarkable for the # 2 trading strategy. I know, I'm biased, I like the way it behaves, but nonetheless, that was pretty good performance. Closing all remaining opened trades on the last day of trading would give the totals in the net profits column plus the original capital put to work.
From the above table, one can see that all the stocks improved profit wise, all the stocks improve on their CAGR level (average 2.5%). Some 208,126 trades were added over the 25-year test, of which 112,365 were profitably closed. Of the total trades added (208,126), 194,633 are showing a profit. The cost for all this, a -0.25% reduction of the win ratio over the 25-year test. It averaged out to 1 more trade per day per stock. On the cash reserve department, V6 managed to accumulate still more cash, some $293.4M. By applying a "simple" 5% booster to the equation, DEVX V6 added some $930.7M to its long-term equity. DEVX V6 paid for all the added trading activity and even got a bonus (more cash reserves) for doing so.
The last two columns show the increase in accumulated shares and their market value for each of the 30 stocks: 13.1M shares valued at $634.7M. None of the stocks suffered a reduction.
Each stock went at its own pace, followed its own path and behaved differently. Yet, the DEVX V6 trading strategy managed to affect the whole payoff matrix, from start to finish; very slowly at first, almost imperceptible but growing and growing over the long-term trading interval.
What happened from V3 to V6 can be seen on this chart by the red regression line, it was just lifted a notch, a few degrees (from 27.95% to 30.80% giving 2.13% more in alpha points), but sufficient enough that over the long term it really mattered (generating $23.6M more in profits).
The top histogram in red shows in the background all trades that have seen red, by number of trades, and percentages. So 877 trades showed at one time a maximum 10% decline, just as 330 trades showed at their lowest low a 30% decline. The light red number in the foreground gives the number of trades that finished positive out of the number of trades that saw some red at each percentage level.
In the above case, both series have the same numbers. This means that for all the trades that saw red, they finished with a profit if sold, or are positive if still opened (all of them showing profits).
The bottom histogram in blue shows in the background all the trades that have shown a profit at one time and what happened to them afterward. In the foreground, all the trades show 0, meaning that none of those trades lost money. A kind of perfect score in the profit department.
Wait, you say, the guy is playing using random entries, and all his closed trades are positive! Yes. And the reason is very simple, it has nothing to do with randomness, but more with the trading strategy itself.
The main idea here is: accumulate shares for the long term and trade over the process. Therefore from the start, the strategy wants to buy shares and hold them for as long as it takes to show a profit. It's a Buy & Hold strategy at heart. The strategy will start small, $5k at a time, here and there, until some profits start showing on some of the trades. Then the strategy sells at a profit some of its holdings and wait for the proper moment to restart purchasing more shares with again the intent of holding on to them for the long term.
Doing this, all the closed trades will show a profit, by design, not by luck. And that is what the above chart shows. Of all the trades that saw drawdowns, none was sold at a loss; and its counterpart, of all the trades that saw profits, none were sold at a loss either.
This means that this trading strategy has a no stop-loss policy (except for a big red emergency button). It's a: give me my profit kind of thing, or else l will most certainly wait for it. And based on the above test (V6), the "waiting" was worthwhile, to say the least.
What you have however is a stop profit policy built-in the trading strategy itself. Its main objective is to accumulate shares over the long haul, and this is difficult if you do not bring new money to the table. This is why trading is encouraged over the accumulation process: to generate added cash for the system. Building a snowball effect, a feedback loop. You buy shares, sell some of them, or all, at a profit, and reused the proceeds to buy even more shares and repeat the process as much as you possibly can. This way you are always selling some shares at a profit, which makes the above histogram self-evident, while also feeding your cash reserves (the pump or heart of all this).
The re-investment policy, this attempt to always try to accumulate shares, is being thwarted by the continuous selling of shares at a profit over the long haul. It has for secondary effect of pushing profitability higher and higher at most levels of interests. You increase profitability, and should you want to increase, even more, you simply would push a little more on the booster (1 + k) and voilà: more profits, more shares and more cash reserves (as shown in the V6 : V3 comparison).
All three of the currently tested trading strategies: LMK 0.06, BBB Mod 01, DEVX (V3 and V6) are end of day (EOD) trading systems. This means that trading decisions are taken on EOD data for market orders for the next day at the open. DEVX V3 and V6 have the particularity that the EOD data might not matter that much since all trades are taken on the whim of the random functions according to the rules of engagement. LMK 0.06 had 90%+ random entries, while BBB Mod 01 had about 2% to 3%. DEVX went all the way, it's at the 100% level for random entries. This meant that it could take a trade, when allowed, no matter what was the day's closing price. The method has no entry finesse at all, it just might take the trade the next day whatever the price may be at the open, and at market.
It was not if I could design some "finesse" in that system that mattered or if I could be delicate enough for other considerations; it was to validate the concepts and trading ideas incorporated in DEVX. And if they had some validity, they would have to work their magic with or without finesse over the last 25 years on stocks that the strategy has never seen. A complete out of context test. A kind of if you pass this one, you are really good, and I'll have to consider this more closely.
The trading methodology, the inner workings of DEVX V6 have shown remarkable aptitudes at making a portfolio grow over the long haul. It's also scalable up or down as shown repeatedly with those $100, $1k and $5k tests. Someone wants to double the output of DEVX V6's payoff matrix, simply play with $10k bets for an added $2.5B, but first also get twice as much money as initial capital to start the ball rolling.
DEVX V6 has demonstrated that the link between trading strategy and its payoff matrix may be global. You can scale from the outside like providing twice the initial capital: 2Σ(H.*ΔP) or scale from inside like in V6: A(t) = A(0) + Σ(H(1 + r + (1 + k)*(g + T))t.*ΔP). You could also do both at the same time.
If you don't use the paper profits, don't accumulate shares over the long term and don't trade over the process, the equation reduces to Σ(H.*ΔP) which translates to doing the same thing as everybody else, and the expected outcome on this is to achieve the average long-term returns of an indexed fund (the average secular market trend), often described as the equivalent of the Buy & Hold strategy.
DEVX V6 won on all counts: increased profits, increased alpha, increased trading, increased number of trades showing profits, increased cash reserves, increased inventory on hand, and increased inventory value of shares still held. On all desirable factors, this trading strategy did its job.
It's a remarkable feat. It demonstrates that the trading procedures used have merit and could be applied going forward. One could even do the whole thing by hand if they wanted to. They could simply "print" the program and have their trading manual in hand. Just read the instructions and execute the commands. The total blueprint provided, in easy to read code.
It took all the above explanations to describe part of the inner workings of this trading strategy; it is a complex trading system but what it does can be resumed in one sentence: accumulate shares for the long term and trade over the process.
The future will be different, I know, but even faced with an unknown future, the principles and ideas presented in DEVX V6 would still hold for many, many years to come - stock prices will continue to fluctuate in the future, I know it's a bold statement, but I can live with it.
All I know is that the strategy will act as it acted in the past. As for the actual numbers that will be generated in the future, I don't know. Every stock series will be different. I too will have to wait and see. I know now that I would be pleased if it could generate even half it did in the past. It's a long journey, and as the above ranking charts showed, the last few years are the most important of all. You just need to be there for the duration.
DEVX V6 is just a trading script, some code, a set of procedures to be followed to reach a goal, that it be executed automatically or by hand. What is the "secret" behind the DEVX strategy? There is none, all the code is common stuff. And I think anybody could do even better. Anyone could rebuild the DEVX trading strategy to his/her taste; all the ingredients needed are provided to do so. It is why I hope that all the above might help you design a better long-term trading system. If some of the ideas and concepts presented here can help you in your quest, I will have reached my goal.
This trading strategy may be complex, but its output is pure simplicity.
Created... June 24, 2014, © Guy R. Fleury. All rights reserved.


Former Richmond City Councilman Sa'ad El-Amin and other activists have renewed their fight to preserve a burial ground for slaves and free blacks in Shockoe Bottom.
To mark the 210th anniversary of the execution of the slave rebellion leader Gabriel, the Defenders for Freedom, Justice & Equality will meet this afternoon to discuss efforts to reclaim the burial site, potentially through a land swap between the city and Virginia Commonwealth University.
This month, El-Amin filed a lawsuit in Richmond Circuit Court to stop VCU from using its parking lot north of East Broad Street on the claim that it desecrates the slaves and free blacks who were buried there.
El-Amin filed the suit against VCU and its president, Michael Rao, after taking similar action early this year against Kathleen Kilpatrick as director of the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. That lawsuit, which is pending, attempts to force work to determine the boundaries of the burial ground.
El-Amin has challenged a 2008 Historic Resources report that said most of the burial ground was covered by Interstate 95 and that only a portion extended about 50 feet to the east, under the VCU parking lot.
In his latest suit, El-Amin argues that "parking cars on the African burial ground by VCU damages and desecrates the site; violates state law; and is inconsistent with its preservation as directed by the General Assembly." State lawmakers approved a resolution this year encouraging the preservation of the historic sites of Lumpkin's Slave Jail and the "slave burial ground in Shockoe Bottom."
According to the lawsuit, VCU bought the parking lot property in 2008 and was aware that all or part of it included a burial ground for slaves and free blacks. In a meeting last month, Rao told a group working for preservation of the site that he was "exploring a land swap with the city" after similar talks with the state were not fruitful, the lawsuit says.
Mayor Dwight C. Jones said that he and Rao are meeting regularly to find a way to preserve the property.
"I don't know whether it's land swap. I don't know whether it's somebody raising some money to buy it. I just don't know what it's going to be," Jones said, "but I think everybody agrees in principle that that land needs to be set aside for the purpose of memorializing, you know, what happened there."
In his suit, El-Amin identifies himself as president of Into the Light Heritage Tours, which provides tours of African-American historical sites, and as organizer of the nonprofit Society for Preservation of African-American History and Antiquities. El-Amin served on the City Council from 1998 to 2003 before resigning to serve 32 months in federal prison for tax-fraud conspiracy. The former 6th District councilman was released in 2006 and re-emerged last year to oppose plans for a ballpark in Shockoe Bottom.


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Drought in a rainforest? Yes
Posted by Leila Kheiry | Jun 13, 2018
The green rectangles show average Ketchikan precipitation for that month over the years. The black dots show what happened over the past nine months. (NWS graph)
There are no tumbleweeds blowing through the streets of Southeast Alaska towns, but, the region has received quite a bit less precipitation than usual over the past nine months.
The National Weather Service presented a webinar this week about Southeast Alaska's drought.
https://www.krbd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/13Drought.mp3
Southeast Alaska is the kind of place where you can get a lot of rain but still be in the middle of a drought. It's home to the Tongass National Forest, the largest of about a half-dozen temperate rainforests in the world.
In August, Ketchikan easily broke the previous record for summertime rainfall, with 44.2 inches falling since June 1st. September, though, marked the start of lower-than-average rainfall. (KRBD file photo by Leila Kheiry)
Communities scattered through the lush evergreen forest measure rainfall in feet. Ketchikan is one of the wettest, with about 12 feet of annual average precipitation.
Rick Thoman is a climate scientist with the National Weather Service.
"Drought is one of those things that, it seems like, oh, everybody knows what a drought is. But the more you think about it, the harder it gets to pin down," he said.
A drought is a deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time. The deficiency level and the time period can vary, Thoman said. And, whether or not it becomes a "drought" also depends on how much demand there is on water resources – by people and the environment.
Considering all those variables, Southeast Alaska is in the middle of a drought. It started last fall, following a wetter-than-normal summer. Ketchikan, for example, received record rainfall levels in August.
But then, Thoman said, "starting in September, we see that precipitation in Ketchikan totaled a little over 11 inches. That doesn't sound like a drought to me, being a Fairbanksan. Sounds like an awful lot of precipitation. But by Ketchikan standards, that was actually below normal."
Normal in September is closer to 15-16 inches.
And then: "October, again, over 11 inches of rain, but that's well below normal in Ketchikan in October, followed by well-below normal precipitation in November, as well," Thoman said.
October usually sees 15-25 inches of rain; a typical November is slightly under that, but similar. November last year, though, was around 8 inches.
December and January went back to average levels, Thoman said, but then February and March were dry — again by rainforest standards.
All that means overall precipitation in Southeast Alaska since fall has been below normal. By a lot.
"September to February: The driest of record in this analysis since, this would be since 1925-26 — southern Southeast has not had a drier September to February."
October to March also was the driest for its time frame. Rainfall in April and May improved the situation somewhat, but a deficiency remains.
Swan Lake hydroelectric dam. (SEAPA photo)
Aaron Jacobs is a senior hydrologist with the weather service's Juneau office. He said that deficiency has had an effect on the region. Hydroelectric power generation, for example, was hit hard.
"The main reason for this type of an impact is the lack of precipitation in the wet season," he said. "If Southeast Alaska doesn't get that rain in that October, November and into December time frame, there could be deficits in water levels that may not be able to recover."
And when hydroelectric dams don't have enough water, communities need to use more-expensive diesel power.
Jacobs said a drought also affects community drinking water supplies, seafood processers, and the natural habitat of the entire forest. Salmon have a difficult time spawning when streams don't have enough water, Jacobs said, and yellow-cedar mortality increases when rainfall is lower than normal.
What will happen next? Thoman said there isn't a clear signal at this time.
"We do have increasing signs of an el-Niño developing for this fall and winter, and that often has a significant precipitation signal in Southeast Alaska," he said. "So, at this point I would say as we move towards the wet season for Southeast, stay tuned."
And, as rainforest residents know, keep your rain gear handy.
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