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Montreal Is Opening A 1960s Theme Tiki Bar
You'll fall in love with the tacky decor and giant rum drinks.
Miranda Cipolla
Guys, sometimes in life, you've got to slow down and enjoy the simple pleasures. Enjoy the sunset. Stroll through a park. Strap on a coconut bra and sip on a rum cocktail under palm trees. You know, whatever.
READ ALSO: 19 Things You Can Do In Montreal If You're Way Too Broke To Go On Vacation This Fall
And if sipping rum cocktails while enjoying that tiki vibe sounds like the world's most perfect pleasure to you (it does to me, guys, not even going to lie), then have I got some awesome news for you.
Montreal will very soon be home to a brand new tiki bar.
A photo posted by Gigi Lbk ? (@xjgii) on Mar 20, 2015 at 7:04pm PDT
Snowbird Tiki Bar is set to open up in Montreal in 2017, with a location and opening date that's still TBA.
But honestly, I personally am counting down the seconds until this spot announces its opening date. I cannot tell you how excited I am to experience this tiki bar, especially since the owner describes it as being "all about gigantic rum based elaborate cocktails and a refined Polynesian inspired cuisine." Which sounds like my own personal version of heaven, TBH.
A photo posted by Genevieve Giguere (@genphotography) on Dec 6, 2014 at 8:09am PST
The owner also mentioned that he's going to be "bringing back the 60's kitsch authentic tiki vibe to Montreal", which, again, is pretty much the best thing I've heard all day/week/year.
A photo posted by I s a b e l l e M a y (@isabelle.may) on Mar 27, 2015 at 6:59am PDT
If this sounds like the best thing you've ever heard too (and you know it does), then check out Snowbird Tiki Bar's Facebook and Instagram pages for updates.
* Featured photo is not of actual venue.
Add mtlblog on Snapchat.
2 Quebec Cities Made The Top 10 Domestic Destinations Canadians Want To Visit This Summer
But places in Alberta, British Columbia and Ontario ranked higher.
Christoph Lischetzki | Dreamstime Michel Bussieres | Dreamstime
Based on hotel searches, Expedia released a list of the top 10 domestic destinations where Canadians are showing interest in travelling this summer — and two cities in Quebec made the cut.
Quebec City and Mont-Tremblant ranked ninth and tenth on the list of Canadian travel destinations below cities in Alberta, B.C. and Ontario.
Editor's Choice: Tremblant's 'Highest Residence' Is For Sale & It Looks Like A Fairy-Tale Castle (PHOTOS)
Here's the full list in order of interest:
Banff, Alberta
Kelowna, B.C.
Jasper, Alberta
Osoyoos, B.C.
Tobermory, Ontario
Tofino, B.C.
Mont-Tremblant, Quebec
Expedia also shared data on Canadians' interest in visiting Quebec destinations. After Quebec City and Mont-Tremblant, Canadians seem to want to travel to La Malbaie, Tadoussac, Montreal and Gaspésie — in that order.
The results were based on searches for trips that would take place between July 7 and September 30.
This Cute Little Quebec Town Was Voted One Of 'The 12 Best Small Towns In Canada' - MTL Blog ›
The Government Announced New Aerospace Jobs In Quebec That Will Pay Over $80,000/Year
There will be 1,000+ new jobs across Canada.
François Legault | Facebook François Legault | Facebook
At a press conference on Thursday, Premier François Legault, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and several other government representatives announced huge new investments into Canada's aerospace industry. These investments are set to create "more than 1,000" high-paying jobs in Quebec and the rest of Canada.
"The projects announced today are tangible platforms for creating exciting jobs," Aéro Montréal explained in a press release.
Editor's Choice: We Finally Know What Lightning Coach Jon Cooper Said To The Canadiens After Their Defeat
Legault claimed that "these investments will create 1,000 new paying jobs at more than $80,000/year."
As for the investments, the governments of Quebec and Canada will put forward "$685 million to support the development of tomorrow's sustainable aerospace technologies."
"This funding will support projects led by Bell Textron Canada, CAE and Pratt & Whitney Canada, representing investments of $2 billion in Canada, including nearly $1.6 billion in Quebec."
The same companies will also offer "co-op placements to more than 6,200 students as part of these projects."
SSENSE Has Seasonal Jobs In Montreal For 2,000 People & The Pay Is $17.50/Hour - MTL Blog ›
Service Canada Has Open Jobs In Quebec & They Pay $61,000+ No University Degree Required - MTL Blog ›
Here's How You Can Get FREE Pancake Cereal Ice Cream Sundaes In Montreal This Weekend
Sundae funday!
@calemcreamery | Instagram @calemcreamery | Instagram
If you love breakfast food and ice cream then one of Montreal's favourite creameries, Ca Lem, is about to make your weekend.
Ca Lem is giving away FREE Mini Pancake Cereal ice cream sundaes on Friday, Saturday and Sunday to anyone with a TikTok account, thanks to a partnership with TikTok Canada.
Editor's Choice: Calling All Espresso Lovers — Café Milano Is Opening A New Location In The West Island
Ca Lem's owner, Stephanie Le, told MTL Blog that clients just need to download the TikTok app and show their account to the cashier in order to receive free pancake cereal sundaes — which are, of course, topped with maple syrup.
"We encourage users to take video and pictures of their visit to Ca Lem and post on Instagram, Facebook & TikTok platforms," she said.
There are limited quantities each day but the offer is valid at two of Ca Lem's locations — in NDG and the Plateau — so you can double your chances of getting a free sundae.
Free Pancake Cereal Ice Cream Sundaes
When: July 16, 17 and 18
Address: NDG - 6926, rue Sherbrooke O, Montreal, QC; Plateau–Mont-Royal - 4223, rue Saint-Dominique, Montreal, QC
Why You Need To Go: It's free ice cream, that's why!
This Montreal Art Gallery Feels Like You Stepped Into New York City In The 1920s (PHOTOS)
Take a colourful trip back in time. 🎨
@galerie.203 | Instagram @galerie.203 | Instagram
Whether you're part of the art world or simply interested in visual art and exploring unique places in Montreal, Galerie 203 is an absolute must-visit.
This colourful space constantly has a variety of artist's works hung up on the walls, yet constantly feels like a trip back in time.
Editor's Choice: Downtown Montreal Transformed Into New York City For A Movie Shooting (PHOTOS)
Different exhibitions and events happen in Galerie 203 all the time, so there's always something new for visitors to see and experience.
And when events are held, they're done big. A red carpet typically awaits you outside on rue Notre-Dame, making you feel like royalty as you walk in.
During the events, a bar with all kinds of alcohols and wines, which are usually locally made, is available. There's also a DJ to set the vibe for the evening.
Founder Corinne Asseraf "imagined the Gallery 203 as a place of discovery, of meeting and exchange between artists and art enthusiasts" and you can feel exactly that the second you walk through the doors.
A beautiful piano sits in the middle of the gallery, making it feel like you've stepped foot in a scene from The Great Gatsby.
The mastermind behind all of this, Asseraf, has such a warming, kind presence, which is reason enough to take a visit to Galerie 203 whenever you're strolling through Old Montreal. She let MTL Blog know that anyone and everyone is welcome in her gallery.
Galerie 203
Address: 227, rue Notre-Dame O., Montreal, QC
Monday – Friday 10 a.m. – 6 p.m.
Saturday – Sunday 10 a.m. – 5 p.m.
* Hours for events differ.
Why You Need To Go: To immerse yourself in a colourful space filled with art that makes you feel as though you've transported into a totally different era.
The opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the views of Narcity Media or MTL Blog.


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4th ESO - STRANGE PIECE OF HISTORY
I borrowed this wonderful activity from Colin Granger (2002). Imagine English - 3. Macmillan-Heinemann. A brave woman called Rosa Parks tells us the terrible experience she suffered one day when she was going back home from work.
Click here to download the handout.
Click here to hear Rosa's story.
Labels: class activities, presentation 4th ESO, class activity, composition, oral exam
My strange history
Last month when i was coming back from school suddenly a policeman stopped me and immediatly arasted me. He told me that I was Helen Black , the woman who had stolen very expensive picture from a Museum. I refused many times, but he insisted me. Then I realized that he had brought me in a remand prison.
There were two detectives , they asked me a lots of questions and I was upset and surprised. So at last,I said that my name was Eka , they took my fingerprints and understood that all my story was true and I went home.
In the end, everything ended up and I was happy to have a twin.
Eka Gvenetadze 4th B
MATHS CLASS
I was in the school with my class mates doing maths. It was eight o'clock in the morning and I was very tired, last night I went to sleep at 12:00am, yes, I celebrated a crazy party.
Suddenly, my calculator began to ring, I took it and I said: Hello?, a strange voice said: Rachel!, and I said again: Hello? What's happening?, and the strange voice said again: Rachel!
Then, I oppened my eyes very excited, my maths teacher was looking at me, It was very embarrasing.
Yes... I had slept in maths class.
Raquel Martínez, 4th eso A
It was summer.I and my familiy were in a village in Malaga. My father was born there. We were having a few days of holidays. A Sunday, my aunt organized a meal in the field. We were away from the village. When night fell, I looked at the sky and saw a light falling from the sky. Suddenly the night became day. When light ceased we were surprised and frightened. What happened?
Marta Cruces 4th B
A strange piece of history
It was a nice afternoon and there were two men walking through a park. Their names were Harry and Marshall.
Harry and Marshall were holding their hands. Harry saw someone and quickly ran behind a tree. Marshall, surprised, followed him.
They continued walking but in other direction. They were happy and were enjoying the moment, but they were very cautious that nobody could see them together.
When they passed in front of a bench Marshall said:
- Can we sit here?
Harry looked around and said:
- Ok, we can be there for a few moments. If no one is watching us…
They sat down but they were very tired so they slept holding their hands.
When they opened their eyes, Harry's dad and a policeman were standing in front of them very angry.
Harry's dad said:
- Why, Harry, why?
Harry said nothing.
The policeman handcuffed them and took them to the police station.
Three days later Harry and Marshall were executed by fire gun. Policemen accused them of homosexuality…
In the past century, in our country, the law said that homosexuality was prohibited and homosexuals had to die.
This is and invented history but it could be real history of the XX century in Spain.
David Civantos 4th ESO C
It was eleven o'clock and Lucas was waiting at a taxi stop for a taxi to take him home.
A few moments later, the taxi arrived. Lucas opened the door and got on and paid his fare.
When he entered in the taxi, a group of men stopped the taxi and they entered in it with guns.
A one man of the group was looking at him. He was angry. The man said ''give me your bag!''. Lucas said ''No!''. ''Give me your bah!'' said the man again, and Lucas again said ''No!''.
The man pulled the trigger and shot Lucas. Lucas died.
When the man shot Lucas, the group tried escape but two policemen were walking in the area when occurred.
The policemen arrested them and took them to the police station.
Laila Medina 4th A
MY STRANGE STORY
It was one afternoon that my mom was cooking the dinner for the family, my dad and my brother were making his homework, and I was in my best friend's house when my parents called me by phone and they said:
- Tània, Tània… come home right now, because you are very bad…
- But…. I don't know what's happening!!!
And I returned to home.
Once at home, my mother told me:
- Get into your bedroom and have a look of what happened.
I did it, and I saw that everything was messy, and I told to my parents that I didn't understand the reason why my room was disordered because I left everything tidy before I got out. But my parents didn't believe me.
I started crying for a long time, and my brother came to my room and told me that he came to my room after I left and saw that everything was tidy as I left ... so ... What happened?, No one ever knew who messed up my room…
Tània Soto, 4th ESO B.
It was half past one and I took the subway to go home, and my job was over, I was fired, of course, because of the crisis.
I arrived at the subway; I paid my ticket and I walked down the stairs to go home, in Cornellà.
Inside it wasn't busy; it was weird, because it was always full.
I sat down in the third wagon next to the second door. A woman with her broken arm, sat down in front of me, took the phone with the other hand, she was talking to someone.
At the next stop a man got on the subway and he was looking at the woman who had just hung.
At the moment the doors opened indicating that we had arrived to another stop, the man went to her and took the phone, everything happened very fast.
He escaped and the woman ran after him, I went out had to help. The man was too fast, but I caught him and then, the police arrived, he was arrested. A few days later I appeared on the TV, "a woman in the subway helped a celebrity to recover his phone" he was saying. I didn't know that the woman was a famous person!
Patricia González, 4th C
It was nine and i was waiting a Sara to go to Splau.
A few moments later, Sara arrived. when she arrived we wnt to the underground.
We enter it in our station.
When we get out the underground we saw that there were policemen.
The policemen need the fare, to see if you checked when you enter the underground.
Sara, didn't have the ticket. Because she had no money.
Three policemen arrested Sara her to the police station.
Natalia Montilla, 4th C
It was midnight and I was running through the wild to arrive to the city.
Later on, I saw a light. Then, suddenly, I started to run too fast, so I fell.
I got up to keep running till I arrived to the light, but when I arrived to it, it turned off.
Then, looking for another light that could lead me to the city, I found two more. So, I tried to run again and I fell.
Something brilliant put on my nose, and then quickly I disappeared.
It was just a dream.
Miguel Rodríguez 4th A
THE STRANGE GIRL
It was twelve o'clock in the night, and I was going to the New York Disco. When I arrived, one men said me ' What is your name pretty? '. The man was very tall, he had black big eyes and a brown cut hair. He was happy.
I can enter to the New York Disco, but a few moments later, one girl said ' Stop please, stop! '. I don't understand anything, it was a strange voice, and a strange girl.
Later, the girl came to me, and she said ' Hello, you're a pretty girl, and you have a pretty brown eyes '. I smiled, and I said ' I'm a model ' and she smiles and said me ' You are a pretty girl '. Have one minute of silence, and later she said ' What is your name? Are you Shara? '. And I said ' Yes, I'm Shara, and you? ... Are you Shasha? ' and she said me ' Yes '.
She was Shasha, I'm spok with her, and it was half past fivein the morning and the party had finished.
I was waiting for the tube to take me home. When the tube arrived, I got on and the strange girl was black, yes black. She was painting, and she can enter to the New York Disco.
When I got to my house, I remember one note ' The black people can't enter in this disco '.
And I rang the telephone, it was the alarm... It was a dream.
Sara Ferrer González, 4th A
It was two o'clock and i was going to the cinema with my Friends.
A few momen ts leater we arrived. Then we wanted the line and payed the fare. We quickly got into the cinema, because the film was going to start
The back of the cinema was full then we saw some seats rear the front. So we walked down the isle and sat down in the fourth rown.
When the film started, one man sat next to me. He didn't stoped speaking.
The man of the back saw what happening with this man. He was getting angry. Finally he hit him.
Four policemans arrived and arrested the two man and took them to the police station.
Xavier Cantos, 4th A
A few months ago, I was in a train because I was going to Molins de Rei. I was in my world, listening to music and looking out of the window. When four teenagers got on at stop of Sant Feliu de Llobregat. They looked angry, and two of they were discussing.
I didn't give importance.
When the song that I was listening finished, I heard a knock. I turned around and I saw the terrible scene that was happening behind me: the two boys that were discussing, were fighting in that moment.
I got really scared. At a given moment, one of the boys began to strangle the other. I thought that he was going to kill him. I got up and hurried to the back of the coach. When the boy was turning purple, the train arrived to Molins de Rei.
I got off the train and I ran to find the policeman of the station.
The police and the ambulances came. A policeman asked me what happened and then let me go.
Alma del Campo 4th A
It was half past five and I was walking with Iker to the Corte Inglés.
Then we arrived, Iker told me to go with him for buy a headphone.
We chose the best headphone and went to pay for it.
While we were paying two policeman stopped near us. They told us to show our DNI.
The policemen made some questions to us and after they forgived Iker and me because they confused us with two thieves
It was strange
Max Pérez, 4th a
It was quarter to five in the evening. Peter and Lara were walking in the wood. When they found a
cave, but that cave was different, it had something interesting, so they came in.
When they were inside the cave, turned on the lantern and saw some cave paintings. Those cave
paintings explained the battle between the Dragon and Saint George. And onde of these paintings
explained that the giant lizards that lived on ot were dragons descendants.
Peter and Lara came in to explored and... They saw a lot of: giant lizards! There were a lot of green, yellow, red, blue... But the cave paint that explained all about lizards said that the people couldn't know that there lived giant lizards but Peter and Lara didn't see it.
Peter told it to everybody. When all the people arrived the only thing they found were a book and a rose. On the book said: << You have to read better to the little words, and you have to be more discret>>
Lara woke up. It only was a dream, it made her to think.
Patricia Alvarez Hens, 4th A
It was seven o'clock and Jhon was waiting at the airport.
A few moments later the airplain arrived, Jhon get his ticket
He then quickly got off, hurried to the back and boarded the plane for the back door.
The back of the plane was full but jhon saw a free sit, so, he walked down to the site.
More people get on. A man was standing next to Jhon. he was locking him. He was getting angry, he expected him to stand upso he could have her seat.
The watchers saw that was happening in the plain
The watches said stand up, Jhon said no! stand up, he refuse again
Two policeman get on the airplain and arrested Jhon
Arnau Núñez Pozuelo, 4th A
Natural Dream
It was eleven o'clock and I was walking in the Alps. The birds sing and the wind whistles between the trees, the calm reigns in my body. Today it is a happy day.
I can see the animals running in the mountains, the eagles flying in the blue sky, two rabbits drinking tea… sorry? Two rabbits drinking tea? It isn't possible!
I ran scared in the green forest and one bear appeared all of a sudden, this bear started speaking to me.
Oh my god! 'Is this a real life?' I asked to the bear, 'you want leave from here?', also asked me. 'Yes', I said.
The bear opens her giant mouth and attack me. I appear in other site, this site is dark. I open the light and… it was my bedroom! I was dreaming!
I smiled and sleep again.
Albert Artís, 4th A
It was eight o'clock in the evening and my friends were laughing while they were eating some pizzas. It was the moment. I had to tell it to them. So I took a deep breath and I said:
-Boys, I'm in love with a black girl.
Suddenly they silenced. One of them got up and said he had to go home, because his parents were waiting for him. The other one just stilled quiet. Two minutes of silence later he got up and went to his home. My best friend was the only one who stayed with me that night. We were talking about it.
-Man, -he said- I can let you pass it this time, but not for a long time. What will the people think if they knew that? What will they think about me if I'm still your friend? You have to forget this girl...
Then he got up, said goodbye and went out. I couldn't sleep that night. I had to tell to my parents someday...
My story.
It was one day, I was little and I was at nursery school.
It was the time for go home and my mum came to pick me up.
My mum got me in the car and accidentally closed the doors and she forgot the keys inside.
At that time my mum was very stressed.
My mum said me: "Alice, open the door!!" but I was very little and I didn't knew.
I cried all the time because I was very scared.
My mum returned to the nursery and said to the teacher: "Please, can you phone to the police station? My child is inside the car!". The teacher said: "Of course".
Two policemen came and opened the door.
Alicía Callejo Rodríguez, 4th C.
It was half past tenand I was in the middle of a dark street.
I was walking home after the training when I I heard a scream.
I started to walk faster and I herd another scream. An old man walked to me and asked me the time, I said half past ten and the man started to run.
An ambulance came to the street while the men was waiting in the door of a house.
Two men got off the ambulance and entered in the house, a few moments later the two men and a pregnant women went out and got on the ambulance.
In this moment I understood all that happened.
So, I went home and I told the history to my dad.
-Joel Dorado Blanco, 4rt C
It was ten past six and Abdeladim was waiting subway stop to arrive home.
A few moments later, the subway arrived, the door opened and Abdeladim get on board.
He then quickly got off, hurried to the back and boarded to subway, because there were some thugs.
The back of the subway was full but Abdeladim saw some site near the front.
- A man sao seated andtold me: get a way from her, I told him: why?
This is because he wants to seat her, I told him NO, I was the first, the man got angry.
Abdeladim Sefiani 4th B
It was eight past five and I was eating a snka in a bar of U.S.A when I finished I went out of the bar. Five minutes later the people was shouting because two airplanes crash to two building.
I saw the buildings burning and the people of inside jumping.
After a group of policemen went to me and told me to bw a witness.
It was very strange, i will remeber it all my life
Alex Escalera 4th A
It was one o'clock and I was waiting for the train in the train stop with my friends. When the train arrived we got on by the nearest door.
All the seats were occuped and we decided to go to the next wagon to find empty seats.
We walk down the asile to the end where there were empty seats. We sat down and started to talk about the day we would have.
In the next train stop a lot of people got on, including the revisor. He watched around the wagon and came where we were, only because we were young, and demanded us the ticket, we asked him why he came first to us if the wagon was full of people. He said "because you are young and young people usually don't respect the rules". We told him he didn't have respect and lend him watch the validaded ticket.
He became angry because we had the reason and he kicked us out of the wagon "for being making noise".
We went to the security people and explained the facts, they said "Don't worry, in the next train got on, we take care".
Finally we could hace a good day.
López Liras, Pablo
4th C
THE OFFICIAL CRIB
4th ESO - THE SMILING MAN
4th ESO - Going Ape (i)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The value of the operating video-fiberoscope in the assessment of the head and neck carcinoma.
Summary : Introduction: the aim of our study was to evaluate the video fiberoscope with operator canal (FOC) in the diagnosis of head and neck carcinoma compared to direct laryngoscopy (DL). Methodology: from August 2000 to May 2001, 82 patients were included in a prospective study. They were examined for pharyngolaryngeal cancer with the FOC, DL and a CAT-SCAN. The compared elements were the visualization of the different regions of the pharyngolarynx. A three dimensional description of the lesion, the presence of secondary localisations as well as the anatomo pathological results were obtained with FOC and DL. Results: although the pharyngolarynx is less well visualized in FOC than in DL (p = 0.04), no statistically significant difference was found between the two methods in terms of visual diagnosis and assessment of the extent of the lesion. The sensitivity of the biopsies made with FOC is lower than those performed with DL (66% FOC, 97% DL). Moreover, we have noted that FOC is highly reliant on the experience and ability of the surgeon. Conclusion: DL remains the most reliable technique for the exploration and diagnosis of the pharyngolarynx . If it is not possible to perform a DL or if it is not indicated (trismus, contra-indication to general anaesthesia) FOC should be considered as the examination of choice.


A paperboy from South Normanton has been left unable to smile due to his injuries sustained in a hit-and-run incident.
His dad, John Cotton, has spoken to Derbyshire Live about how his son is getting on after the incident, which took place on Monday, December 10 - which is the same day as his daughter's birthday.
Liam Cotton, 14, was just about to start his paper round, just a two minute walk away from his home, when he was struck by a Range Rover.
The wing mirror of the vehicle hit him in the face as he put one foot on the road, ready to cross. The impact sent the wing mirror off the car and left Liam with a broken collarbone, a broken nose, two black eyes and concussion.
According to the teenager's dad, Liam doesn't remember anything. The dad-of-three said: "The impact left him temporarily unconscious, but by the time it took me to run out of the house and get down there, he was awake.
"I was just so glad to see he was sat up. He had blood coming down his face from the impact of the wing mirror. But, he can't remember a thing that happened. He just remembers waking up with blood on his face."
John said he was sat at the end of his bed, when he received a phone call from the news agents. The 33-year-old said: "The owner of the shop was ringing me. He was saying where are you? And you best come down here right now.
"I chucked my trainers on and ran down the street not knowing what I was going to find."
The incident took place at around 7.05am in Church Street, just outside of Ifty's News, where Liam goes to collect the papers for his rounds.
The owners of the shop made a kind gesture to the family and have said that whilst Liam recovers, they will continue to pay him.
John spoke of how Church Street can be used as "a race course", and said he's seen motorists travelling down the road at speed. He added: "Some people use the road as a race course it's that bad, people going at speed don't even see you because it's such a long road.
"If Liam had been stood on the road he would have been dead, it's a big, big car. They've made a right mess of him, he can't even smile because his face is swollen."
The family, who live on Victoria Street, came home from the hospital the same day as Liam said he wanted to be at home instead, if he was able to.
John added: "We're going to send him back to school after Christmas. He's got his right arm in a sling and it will be for five weeks. We're very lucky that it wasn't fatal."
Derbyshire police continue in their bid to trace the owner of a wing mirror left behind at the scene.
Officers want to hear from anyone who has seen a vehicle matching the description, without a nearside wing mirror, driving around the area.
Anyone with information or dash-cam footage is asked to contact DC Sean Davis, quoting reference number 18000597183.


text:
«Не час для горіхів» (англ. No Time for Nuts) — короткометражний мультфільм студії Blue Sky, головним героєм якого стає білка на ім'я Скрет. Даний мультфільм транслювався в кінотеатрах перед показом повнометражного фільму «Льодовиковий період 2: Глобальне потепління». У 2007 році мультфільм був номінований на премію «Оскар» за найкращий анімаційний короткометражний фільм.

Історія створення
Мультфільм створювався як додатковий матеріал для DVD-видання другого «Льодовикового періоду». Сценаристи Blue Sky Studios розглядали різні ідеї, включаючи короткометражку про опосумів Креша і Едді, але зупинилися на історії про подорожі Скрета у часі, запропонованої Крісом Рено. Він хотів розповісти історію, яка була б несподіваною, але в той же час відповідала основним рисам Скрет. Створення короткометражки зайняло у авторів вісім місяців, під час яких вони також закінчували роботу над «Глобальним потеплінням» і переходили до «Хортона». Робота була закінчена в червні 2006 року, і через кілька місяців після прем'єри, несподівано для авторів, фільм був номінований на премію «Оскар» за найкращий анімаційний короткометражний фільм.

Сюжет
Скрет, що бігає по засніженій рівнині в пошуках затишного місця для свого жолудя, зауважує в заметі якийсь предмет, що світиться, і викопує звідти футуристичну машину часу. Під льодом видний людський скелет у білому халаті й окулярах. Скрет ненавмисно запускає машину часу, і його з жолудем переносить у Середньовіччя. При перенесенні жолудь застрягає між двома каменями. Скрет не може витягнути жолудь і бачить неподалік меч, встромлений у камінь. Скрет витягує меч, чим викликає агресію лучників, що залишаються за кадром. Рятуючись від стріл, він знову прибігає до машини часу і переноситься на арену Колізею. Прагнучи швидше дістатися до жолудя, він не помічає ні змагання колісниць, одна з яких наїжджає на нього, ні випущеного на арену лева. Від лева Скрет рятується, потрапляючи на айсберг за кілька секунд до краху «Титаніка»; далі, потрапивши в першу частину мультфільму, він бореться із самим собою за єдиний жолудь. У пошуках жолудя Скрет переноситься у все більш небезпечні ситуації: на стартовий майданчик ракети із запущеним зворотним відліком, в експеримент Франкліна з повітряним змієм, на рейки перед їдучим поїздом.

Нарешті, Скрет опиняється в парку і бачить великий дуб з безліччю жолудів. Свій жолудь він зневажливо викидає. Щоб машина часу не відправила його у подальшу подорож, він ламає її. Однак при найближчому розгляді виявляється, що дуб являє собою пам'ятник, що стоїть на невеликому зеленому куточку посеред футуристичного індустріального світу. Глядач бачить табличку «Here Stood the Last Oak Tree» (укр. Тут стояв останній дуб). Тим часом пошкоджена машина часу спрацьовує востаннє і відправляє єдиний жолудь Скрета у чергову подорож по часу. Скрет, застрягши в майбутньому, кричить від розчарування.

Примітки

Посилання
 Офіційний сайт мультфільму

Мультфільми за алфавітом
Мультфільми 2006
Комп'ютерні анімаційні фільми
Анімаційні короткометражні фільми
Науково-фантастичні мультфільми США
Льодовиковий період (франшиза)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bid4Birds Overview
The Sacramento Valley of California is one of the major wintering grounds for migratory waterbirds in the Pacific Flyway.
This same region also supports over 500,000 acres of rice which produces most of the nation's Sushi rice. When managed properly these rice fields provide essential habitat for migratory waterbirds.
Starting in 2016 the Foundation began to allocate a significant amount of its donor contributions to a program call BirdReturns, a program developed by The Nature Conservancy in partnership with the California Rice Commission in 2014.
Continuing with that legacy the Foundation is now running its own shoulder season habitat program known as Bid4Birds. This is a program that was modeled after BirdReturns and compensates rice farmers to flood their fields after harvest for the benefit of shorebirds, waterfowl and other waterbirds.
Spring 2021 Program Details
Enrollment opens: Friday, December 11, 2020
Deadline: Friday, January 15, 2021
Variable 4-10 week commitments
Flooding with a maximum of 4″of water on fields
Post-harvest straw management required
75 acres minimum
Previous shoulder season efforts
View Full Reports
Acres Enrolled
Completed Habitat Projects
Birds Counted in 2019
Habitat loss and migratory bird needs
The Central Valley of California is a key stop over and winter location along the Pacific Flyway, which extends from Alaska and the Arctic down to Patagonia. Millions of ducks, geese, shorebirds, wading birds, and cranes use this migratory corridor to move between their summer and winter ranges. The Central Valley supports 30 percent of the shorebirds and 60 percent of the ducks and geese in the entire Pacific Flyway.
With significant losses of up to 95% of California's wetlands it is critical to find a new way of providing habitat to support these millions of birds that rely on the Central Valley during their migrations.
Rice fields have a unique ability to provide surrogate wetland habitat during both the growing and post-harvest periods of the production cycle.
The Central Valley supports 30 percent of the shorebirds and 60 percent of the ducks and geese in the entire Pacific Flyway.
Using proven conservation practices the over 500,000 acres of rice produced in the northern part of the Central Valley can provide key habitat for many of these migratory birds.
The Foundation has evolved in working with partners on habitat programs since its inception. Some of these programs are Waterbirds Habitat Enhancement Program (WHEP), Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP), and BirdReturns. All of these programs focus on providing incentive funding for farmers to integrate bird-friendly conservation practices into their farming operations.
Bid4Birds Program Inspiration
Starting in 2016 the Foundation began working in close partnership with The Nature Conservancy (TNC) to help provide funding for their innovative shoulder season habitat program called BirdReturns. TNC, in collaboration with the California Rice Commission, developed BirdReturns which uses precision science tools, current migration data, and a competitive bidding system to incentivize farmers in creating habitat for migrating shorebirds. This extremely flexible system allowed TNC to work with rice growers to create habitat exactly when and where it was needed most. Building upon the good work of TNC the Foundation has developed its own parallel program based on the key principles of TNC's program.
The Foundation is excited to be owning and operating its own habitat enhancement program focused on providing critical shoulder season habitat for migratory birds. While many rice farmers already use bird-friendly practices during their farming operation this program is designed to provide funding for conservation-minded farmers willing to take an extra step to make their farms even more beneficial for waterbirds.
What is shoulder season habitat and why is it so critical
Many rice farmers in the Sacramento Valley of California use water to decompose their remaining rice straw after harvest. This post-harvest flooding creates over 300,000 acres of surrogate wetland habitat between October and February, the peak of migration season.
While this flooding is key to the survival of millions of wintering waterbirds there are many species that migrate early or late and arrive in the Sacramento Valley to find little to no flooded habitat. By focusing on the shoulder season, both before and after the typical post-harvest flooding period, the Foundation can provide a critical source of flooded habitat when it is most scarce and therefore most needed.
Furthermore, many of these shoulder season migrants are shorebirds which require shallower water than is typically provided during the normal post-harvest flooding periods.
Donations made to the Foundation
Many rice farmers in the Sacramento Valley of California use water to decompose their remaining rice straw after harvest. This post-harvest flooding creates over 300,000 acres of surrogate wetland habitat between October and February, the peak of migration season. While this flooding is key to the survival of millions of wintering waterbirds there are many species that migrate early or late and arrive in the Sacramento Valley to find little to no flooded habitat. By focusing on the shoulder season, both before and after the typical post-harvest flooding period, the Foundation can provide a critical source of flooded habitat when it is most scarce and therefore most needed. Furthermore, many of these shoulder season migrants are shorebirds which require shallower water than is typically provided during the normal post-harvest flooding periods.
Go to Donation Page


Hey there. Wow. Did you see that?! If you don't know what I am talking about, you must not have caught the NFL Playoffs this weekend. We had some miraculous throws, hard hitting tackles, blow out wins, and some close games. The game of the weekend was definitely the Denver Broncos vs the Pittsburgh Steelers. The heavily favored Steelers were looking to roll past Tim Tebow and the Broncos. Other games included the Lions were looking to stop the NFL record setter, Drew Brees and the Saints, there was a battle of rookie quarter backs going on between the Bengals and Texans, and the Giants were looking to show they belong in the playoffs in their game against the Falcons. Let's get to the action!
This was the first game of the playoffs. With a pair of rookies starting for their teams, I was expecting a mistake filled game. One with plenty of interceptions by their green quarterbacks. While Texans QB TJ Yates kept it together, Bengals QB Andy Dalton looked confused at times and threw for 3 interceptions. Yates was asked to manage the game but he did look spectacular at times, hitting their star WR Andre Johnson on long passes. The Texas won this game using the strength and power of RB Arian Foster, keeping that Cincinnati defense honest by gashing the Bengals for 153 and 2 touchdowns and keeping them off of their rookie QB. The game had promise to be a great game early on, but once Dalton threw that interception for a defensive TD, we all knew it was over. The Texans won the game, 31-10, and are heading to Baltimore to face the Ravens.
This game the game to watch for high scoring action. We were looking at 2 of the NFL's 3 5000 yard passers in Saints QB Drew Brees and Lions QB Mathew Stafford. This was to be a fun game!!! And it was! For 3 quarters. The Lions defense was being gashed threw the air by Brees. Long passes were completed regularly and the Lions defense just couldn't stop the Saints offense. Brees threw for over 460 and the Saints, as a team, had over 620 yards of offense. Even though it seemed hopeless, young Lions QB Mathew Stafford kept it close through 3 quarters, but 2 costly interceptions destroyed the Lions chances of keeping pace. He's not at the next level yet, but Stafford is showing that he may soon belong in that upper tier of QBs in the league. The score entering the 4th quarter was only 21- 24. But the 4th quarter is what great quarterbacks live for. The Saints turned on the jets and added another 21 points in the final stanza while holding the Lions to only 7. The Saints killed the Lions to a tune of 45 - 28 and are looking to face the San Francisco 49ers next week.
This game started out ugly. Both offenses couldn't get it going and after several 3 and outs, it was getting old quickly. The Falcons drew first blood by causing a safety when they pressured Giants QB Eli Manning to throw the ball away for an intentional grounding penalty in the end zone. That was pretty much all we got from Atlanta. Falcons QB Matt Ryan just could not get it going and threw for under 200 yards and no touchdowns. This lead to some very questionable 4th down play calls for the Falcon offense and each time, they failed to convert. Giants QB Eli Manning came alive in the second half and threw for 3 touchdowns. Including a pretty pass to WR Hakeem Nicks that went for 72 yards. New York Giants win 24 - 2.
Tebow time in January? Not if the Steelers had anything to say about it. The tough Steeler defense would have their hands full in containing the ever popular Denver QB Tim Tebow and their option happy running/passing plays. The Broncos run an offense that is not conventional but that shouldn't stop a battle tested Steelers defense, right? Nope... Typical Tebow fashion, the Denver QB looked horrible and brilliant at the same time. An errant pass would be followed by a beauty of a rainbow and after Pittsburgh QB Ben Roesthlisberger times the game at 23 in the last minutes of the game, Tebow throws a rainbow to Denver WR Demaryius Thomas for 80 yards and the score to defeat the Steelers 29 - 23. The legend of Tim Tebow continues when they face off Tom Brady and the New England Patriots.
Oh man... I love football! What do you guys think of Tim Tebow? Will Drew Brees continue to light up defenses? Will Eli Manning finally earn the respect that he seeks? Will the Texans continue on their streak of firsts and defeat the Ravens? Find out next week!!! Later!
Lmao! I'm bummed out that my RAIDERS didn't make the cut. Their fault though. All they had to do was with the last game of the season and they blew it!!! It still upsets me!


Rich Lee has been a serial entrepreneur since the age of 21. He has owned businesses in a wide range of sectors in the United States and throughout Asia.
In 2008 he became involved in the self-experimenting biohacker subculture known as "Grinders". In 2013 he underwent an experimental procedure, implanting magnets in his ears and using a coil to transmit sound to his implants.
Rich is an advocate of practical transhumanism and life extension. He tries to create open source alternatives to game changing technology in an attempt to combat the sticker shock of future shock. He lives in St. George, Utah with his wife and two kids.
Read Music to your ears? Try a headphones implant like Rich Lee and DIY Headphone Implant.


text:
Q: is it better to use past simple in this example after ordering a second copy of a book that I have already in my collection I said to a friend
"this book is so good that I needed or need a second copy of it"
think past is better because as it is ordered, I don't need another new copy

A: Part of the confusion arises from the fact that you are in a limbo state with regards to the book.

*

*You ordered it.

*You don't physically have it yet.

Should we consider that you "have" the book?  Perhaps not.
In any case, both sentences are plausible.

*

*"This book is so good that I needed a second copy of it (so I ordered it)."

At the time you ordered it (which was in the past), you needed a copy. That is accurate. It doesn't contradict the fact that you may still need the book now. The focus of the sentence is more on the past, and the time when you ordered the book.

*"This book is so good that I need a second copy of it. (pause)  And so, I ordered it yesterday."

Also acceptable.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Interstate 490 (I-490) is a  auxiliary Interstate Highway in Cleveland, Ohio. The western terminus is a junction with I-90 and I-71 on Cleveland's west side. After spanning the Cuyahoga River, I-490 reaches its eastern terminus at a junction with East 55th Street, just east of I-77.

Route description

I-490 begins at a partial stack interchange with I-90/I-71 in the Cleveland neighborhood of Tremont. This interchange does not provide access from westbound I-490 to eastbound I-90 as well as from westbound I-90 to eastbound I-490. The Interstate then meets 7th Street in an incomplete partial cloverleaf interchange. The freeway then crosses over industries, railroads, and the Cuyahoga River. After that, the freeway meets State Route 14 (SR 14) and, at a stack interchange, I-77/SR 10. While I-490 ends at this particular stack interchange, the roadway, which becomes at-grade after 55th Street, continues east as SR 10 (Opportunity Corridor) all the way toward University Circle.

History

The original plans of the Cleveland and other city and federal highway authorities called for the highway—also known as the Clark Freeway and, at various times and in various sections, as I-80N and Interstate 290 (I-290)—to bisect the east side of the city and the eastern suburbs; the I-290 designation would then have continued north along I-271. I-71 was to have continued along the innerbelt to Dead Man's Curve, while I-290 was to have used the portion of present I-90 westward to the Parma Freeway near West 65th Street. Freeway revolts in the late 1960s prevented the Clark Freeway east of East 55th Street and the Parma Freeway from being built; specifically, a referendum in Shaker Heights barred the city from allowing the Clark Freeway to pass through the city and its Shaker Lakes. The I-490 designation was applied to the Clark Freeway's altered proposed path in 1973, but this alignment was also not built east of East 55th Street. Ultimately, I-90 was realigned to follow the Clark Freeway routing west of I-71 and the innerbelt, and the middle segment of the Clark Freeway between I-71 and I-77 opened in 1990. The Opportunity Corridor expressway was constructed to follow the path of the canceled portion of I-490/Clark Freeway eastward from the end of the completed portion until it veers north toward the University Circle neighborhood.

In 2003, I-490 was dedicated to Troy Lee James, former member of the Ohio House of Representatives.

In April 2011, the ramps between I-77 and I-90 to the west were removed, making I-490 the official route between those highways and between I-77 and I-71.

Exit list

References

Further reading

External links

 Opportunity Corridor project page (Ohio Department of Transportation)

90-4 Ohio
90-4
4 (Ohio)
Cleveland area expressways
Transportation in Cleveland
Transportation in Cuyahoga County, Ohio


Where can I find the manuals, presets and the software?
Where can I buy Asparion products?
This means that your device is in firmware update mode. This might happen if an update was interrupted. To restore normal functionality, you have to open the Asparion Configurator and start the firmware update again.


Delivered on 7 March 2019, Dyson Air Purifier Tower Fan (TP04), with Harvey Norman Extended Warranty. Almost new. Bought $699, fast deal .... selling $600. Self Collect at Flora Drive.
3 weeks old. Almost new. A lucky draw gift and it comes with a box and no receipt.


With the ever increasing complexity of games, it is not much of a surprise that some of the most heavily advertised features of games are their graphics, followed closely by promises of unique and exciting gameplay mechanics. After all, such things are fairly easy to show in a video or screenshot and are incredibly noticeable features of games seeing as how they are the reason why games are such a unique form of entertainment to begin with. However, some of the greatest games of our time weren't considered memorable simply for having the prettiest graphics or how many people they could cram into a multiplayer lobby. Instead, they were immortalized for the experiences that they delivered, and part of that experience often involves a game's music.
Take, for example, the Warthog run during the final mission of Halo: Combat Evolved, where the appropriately named Halo is played throughout the sequence. You would still play through the Warthog run in more or less the same manner if you decided to go through the whole thing without sound, but the combined effects of the strings and the drums of the iconic track gave the situation a sense of urgency and excitement, amplifying the danger that the Master Chief was in, making it seem like the player was the star of their own action movie. By the end of the run, you are greeted by a cutscene where the Chief is propelled into space, where the music becomes slower and more somber, a reflection of the price that the crew of the Pillar of Autumn paid to keep the universe's darkest secret a secret for just a little while longer.
Of course, Halo isn't the only game that featured a soundtrack worthy of recognition, as there are plenty of games and game series that came before and after it that possessed music capable of stirring up emotions and enhancing the gameplay experience, some of which are listed below in no particular order.
While the Super Mario Bros. theme may be simple compared to the music that is produced for more modern games, there is no real debate over its status as the most iconic video game theme in existence; it would be safe to assume that virtually everyone who considers gaming to be a hobby of theirs can recognize the catchy tune. The rest of the game's soundtrack is equally stellar, being one of the earliest and most notable instances where the music in a game complemented the gameplay experience.
For the most part, open world games that feature a lot of unskippable traveling sequences need something to keep the player engaged, especially if the game revolves around sailing. In the case of Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag, this distraction comes in the form of the various sea shanties that you can order your pirate crew to sing, providing an immersive way to make your ship seem more lively as well as providing an actual incentive for players to chase down collectibles. Whether or not it is realistic to expect a bunch of possibly drunk pirates to sing a rousing song in chorus is another issue, but it definitely added to the atmosphere, hearing your crew singing along while attending to their various duties on the high seas.
It seems to be an unspoken rule that whenever a game delves into a medieval-fantasy setting where magic and mythical creatures run amok, then the game's music must have at least one track that involves a vocalist or chorus singing something that sounds a bit like a chant. Thankfully, some games can pull this off well, and the Witcher series does this in spades. While personal preference means that you can spend hours upon hours trying to decide which game of the series had the best overall soundtrack, you don't really need to look further than The Witcher 2 to find a fairly definitive soundtrack for the series as a whole, as it has a wide variety of tracks that are rather fitting for all the crazy situations that Geralt finds himself in throughout the games.
For example, The Witcher 2's main theme starts off with a chorus and sounds relatively upbeat compared to the latter half of the song, which slows down and eventually appears to eschew the chorus for a single vocalist, receding into a very soft, but ominous tone during the last few seconds of the theme. This is fairly reflective of Geralt's adventure during the first few hours in the game where he is held in rather high regards, leading an assault on a fortress as King Foltest's right hand man, until of course Foltest is killed and Geralt is imprisoned, gradually finding himself in the midst of one conspiracy after another.
With a game like Child of Light, which revolves around having a beautiful aesthetic to help tell a story, you need an equally wonderful soundtrack to complement whatever's happening on the screen. The music in Child of Light thus relies upon the use of instruments like the piano and flute to a great degree, delivering a mixture of soundtracks that, with the right tempo, were used to effectively convey sadness, joy, danger, and a fair degree of other emotions. There are few other games that can be used to demonstrate that games, despite primarily being a form of entertainment, can also be considered to be art in its own right.
Anyone who has played a First Person Shooter knows that the genre is far from elegant, seeing as how screams, gunfire, and explosions are some of the most common sounds that you can hear in such a game. Halo is no different in that you can definitely hear lots of gunfire and explosions when you play the game, but it did popularize the space opera genre, thanks in no small part to its music. To this day, Halo's theme is considered to be one of the most iconic video game themes of all time, combining the effects of vocalists, various string instruments, drums, and other instruments to produce the series' signature anthem. Once again, you can pick and choose your favorite soundtrack from the series based on personal preference, but it is rather clear that the music of Halo showed that FPSs can stimulate a relatively wide array of emotions as well.
That 343 Industries saw it fit to redo each and every song in Halo CE and Halo 2 for the anniversary editions of both games is further proof that they consider Halo's music to be just as large a part of the series' gamplay experience as the weapons and campaign levels themselves. They could have simply decided not to do such a thing and save a bunch of time, money, and effort by using the original scores from both games, but that was thankfully not the case, and we all know that companies tend to not commit resources to something unless they feel like there is some kind of payoff from it.
The Elder Scrolls series has come a long way since its inception, evolving from being a fairly decent RPG to this worldwide sensation that has since won numerous awards with its more modern releases, especially with Skyrim. As each game became more and more technically impressive, so too did their respective musical accompaniments. Interestingly, the music of each game also shifted according to the region of Tamriel that they took place in, which created some rather interesting and diverse soundtracks. For example, the music in Oblivion was presumably inspired by medieval Western European styles, featuring plenty of sting and brass instruments and the like, while Skyrim's music had a more primal feeling, incorporating choruses that had an emphasis on producing deeper, more booming chants. Even The Elder Scrolls: Legends, a card game based on the series, has some pretty decent Skyrim-inspired music with its Heroes of Skyrim expansion, which is a testament to how important music is in augmenting the gameplay of the series.
Needless to say, there are plenty of video games that have amazing soundtracks, with something for just about every kind of taste if you look hard enough. If there were ever any doubt that games are now capable of delivering cinematic experiences that rival those offered by big-budget movies, then such doubt has since been swept away by the impressive variety and quality of the music that games can possess.


If people are subscribing to your email list — AWESOME!
That's exactly what you want to happen. But you might be wondering what to send them once they're on your list.
It's super important to have a strategy so that they will want to stay on your list and even eventually become customers or clients.
The very first email you send a subscriber is your first impression. And you only get to make a first impression once!
And that is why creating a welcome series is so essential to your email marketing strategy.
A welcome series is a set of emails you send to a subscriber before you start sending them your "regular" newsletter. It's kind of like a warm introduction. You want them to get to know you and understand the kind of value you have to offer.
While yes, this is technically much easier to do, it is highly recommended to create a series of emails that you send to subscribers over a period of time. This is because you want to provide important information and value into your initial emails.
If you only had one email to send, it might be information overload for your subscriber and it could be a total turn off. Or they might just totally miss your first email because their inbox is flooded. You just never really know!
Basically, your first few emails you send are the most important you will ever send. Especially if they sign up from an opt-in freebie.
If you send them a few emails related to that opt-in freebie, odds are they will be interested, engaged, and you can eventually nurture them into sales.
If they signed up for an opt-in, here's where you would provide that! In your first email, make sure to give them their freebie or give them the password to your free resource library.
You want to get on a personal level with your subscribers. Tell them who you are, what you do and what your story is.
This is your chance to be memorable and make a lasting impression in their mind. They've just signed up for your emails & given you direct access to their inbox, so you should definitely be introducing yourself!
Let them know what they can expect from you. What kind of newsletters do you offer? What kind of tips can they expect to get from you? How often should they expect to hear from you?
Make it known what kind of content will be landing in their inbox so they can make sure it's something that they're interested in.
If you write about multiple different topics, it's a good idea to try and find one common thread to tie them all together and make that your main focus and mention that in your welcome sequence.
Your emails might land in their spam box! This is definitely a possibility and it's the last thing you want to happen. So what you can do to combat this is telling them to whitelist your email address.
To prevent email providers from kicking you into spam, you can ask them to move your email into their primary inbox or add you as a contact.
Another way to get whitelisted is to ask your subscribers a question at the end of your email and encourage them to reply to you with their responses.
It gives the human aspect that there's a real person behind these automated emails, encourages engagement, and helps you avoid the spam filter.
Now that you know what should go in your welcome series, it's important to know how to set it up.
Once you know what you're writing, you'll want to divvy up your content into a handful of emails and space them out over a certain amount of time.
You want your welcome series to be automated so that as soon as they subscribe, the first email lands in their inbox with no extra work from you.
The best way to do this is by setting up automation sequences with your email provider. I personally use MailerLite to manage my email list and with them, it's so easy to set up automated emails.
Choose to trigger the workflow when a subscriber joins a group. You can create a group called Welcome Series so that when someone signs up for your newsletter or a freebie, they automatically go to that group and immediately start your series of welcome emails.
A welcome series can be anywhere from 3-5 emails and you can space them out as much as you'd like. You can space them out 1-2 days apart so that you still have their attention captured.
Then, you can funnel them into your regular weekly newsletter!
Welcome series emails are soooo important. Do not ignore them and do not think one simple email is enough!
Welcome emails have the highest open rates compared to any other email so take advantage of that information and carefully craft a well-thought-out welcome series that will have your readers engaged and leave them wanting to read more of your content!


Welcome to the Helena Town Car Company website.
We are a proud member of the National Limousine Association--the only company in Helena Montana.
Our industry standard for safety, and professionalism will give you confidence in hiring an NLA member like HTC.
Our attention to service, and attention to your transportation needs make us the best choice for prearranged transportation for business, family outings, personal travel needs in Helena, or in Montana. Helena Town Car provides transportation for statewide airport pickups, restauraunt transportation, tours, and local VIP transportation that is very affordable. HTC provides group and specialty transportation.
Our booking phone is (406) 437-8585 in Helena MT.
Speak to a LIVE person 24/7 for your reservation today.
HTC can advance book your executive or statewide travel for executive, recreation, or tourism needs in Montana.
HTC is a Better Business Bureau BBB approved business.
Our Date Night/ Dinner service...is a must-have!
choose from black sedan, Stretch Limo, or VIP SUV.
Full Service VIP experience at the most affordable price for every customer.
"I feel safe calling you, and I feel safe driving with you"-our 92 Year-old customer who we give hugs to after a ride.
"Our night was made so much better because of your dedicated service" --Charity Dinner transportation winners.
"I could not have asked for more professionalism"--C.M. Mom celebrating daughter's BD.
Helena Airport Shuttle---within 5 miles of airport is $25.00 (24 hours) for up to 6 people and baggage.
We have served Great Falls, Billings, Bozeman, and Glacier International (Kalispell); all FBO or general aviation.
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text:
Le Falcon 50, construit par Dassault Aviation à partir de 1976, est le troisième avion d'affaires, et premier tri-réacteur de la famille Falcon.

Historique
Afin de répondre à la demande américaine d'un avion d'affaire à long rayon d'action, Dassault Aviation commence en 1974 l'étude du Falcon 50. L'avion devra parcourir  soit  avec les réserves  121, rendant possible la traversée de l'Atlantique Nord ou des États-Unis sans escale. Le Dassault  fut le premier avion d'affaires pouvant franchir l'Atlantique sans escale en respectant les normes du transport public et le premier avion civil à être équipé d'une voilure supercritique.

Il est basé sur une extrapolation du Mystère 20 avec un troisième réacteur placé en pied de dérive, il porte brièvement au stade de prototype le nom de . Dassault Aviation ayant déjà lancé d'autres projets tel que le  et , la désignation  est finalement choisie. Le premier , sorti d'usine le  est le seul Falcon à avoir été équipé de sièges éjectables. Le premier vol a lieu le  et la certification est obtenue le .

Le modèle a été remplacé en  par le 50EX (Extended range) motorisé par des moteurs Honeywell TFE731-40-1C ( de poussée, identique à la première motorisation mais avec une consommation réduite et des potentiels d'inspection augmentés).

L'extrapolation  est le Falcon 900 qui est doté d'un fuselage élargi. Le  est exploité par des compagnies d'affaires; la Marine nationale française l'utilise dans le cadre des missions de surveillance maritime dans une version modifiée (Falcon 50M Surmar : surveillance maritime) depuis des appareils existants livrés à un total de  en .

Le dernier  est sorti de chaîne en 2007, il porte le .

Spécifications (Falcon 50)

Caractéristiques (Falcon 50M Surmar)

Huit appareils en service dans l'Aviation navale en 2016 au sein de la flottille 24F basée à Lann-Bihoué. Mêmes caractéristiques techniques que plus haut, mais des modifications :

 Vitesse maximale : Mach 0,86 (, ) à la masse la plus faible ;
 Vitesse :  ou  ;
 Distance franchissable :  ;
 Rayon d'action :  ;
 Autonomie :  ;
 Plafond :  ;
 Équipage : .

 Baies d'observation
 Une trappe de plancher permettant le largage en vol de huit conteneurs SAR/SECMAR (ensemble de survie contenu dans un radeau gonflable) ;
 Radar :  THALES Ocean Master 100 (OM 100) incorporé ;
 Caméra infrarouge et thermique  : FLIR Chlio (Thales Detexis) ;
 Système de communication satellitaire : Inmarsat C.

Opérateurs militaires

  Marine nationale française : 8 x Falcon 50M Surmar
  Force aérienne de la République islamique d'Iran
  Aeronautica Militare
  Forces royales air

  (transfert de l'ex-Yougoslavie

Anciens opérateurs

  Forces aériennes suisses

Attaque de l'USS Stark

La frégate   fut touchée le 17 mai 1987, par deux missiles anti-navire Exocet très probablement tirés par un Falcon 50 modifié (surnommé Suzanne) irakien durant la guerre Iran-Irak.

Accidents et incidents

 Le , un Falcon 50 entre en collision en vol avec un Piper PA-28-181 Archer lors d'une approche VOR/DME-A vers l'aéroport de Teterboro entraînant la mort des deux membres d'équipage du Falcon 50 et d'une personne au sol ;
 Le , le Falcon 50 de Juvénal Habyarimana, alors président du Rwanda, est abattu par deux missiles au-dessus de l'aéroport de Kigali, évènement déclencheur du génocide au Rwanda ;
 Le , vers  (MSK), un Falcon 50 heurte au décollage avec son aile gauche un chasse-neige présent sur la piste de l'aéroport international de Vnoukovo à Moscou. L'accident fait quatre morts : Christophe de Margerie, président directeur général de Total, l'unique passager, ainsi que trois membres d'équipage de nationalité française (Yann Pican, Maxime Rassiat et Ruslana Vervelle).

 Dans l'après-midi du 8 mars 2022, le Falcon 50M SURMAR codé 5, effectue un atterrissage d'urgence sur l'aéroport de La Réunion-Roland-Garros. l'avion a déclaré un « Mayday » à la suite d'un feu au niveau de l'APU. L'incident ne fait aucun mort, tous les passagers sont évacués sur la piste.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Falcon 50 sur le site de la Marine nationale française
 Airliners.net
 Dossier sur le Falcon 50 Marine sur French Fleet Air Arm

Aviation d'affaires
Falcon 0050
Avion des années 1970
Avion construit en France
Avion triréacteur
Premier vol en 1976
Avion à ailes basses


Rock Hammers, Rock Picks ; ... Hard rock mining is when the prospector went after the gold in seams in this hard rock.
How do they used pickaxe for gold rush? ... of the miners were prospecting for placer gold (as opposed to hard rock mining, where the gold is trapped inside the rock).
"The frenzy created new businesses and broke up families. Those with vision were intoxicated by the lure of easy money. The dream pitted friend against friend and made hermits of many.
Pickaxes are generally used to break up rocky surfaces or hard areas, particularly useful for mining to get through rocks and break them into smaller rocks.
4. "gold mine" wielding a pickaxe, ... 5. loaded mule finial and hard rock mining scene on stem. ... Detail pictures of the #2 spoon above.
Pickaxes are tools which are used to mine dirt, ... Gold Pickaxe: Platinum Pickaxe. ... Terraria Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community.
How to find gold mixed with quartz. ... GOLD MINING PICTURES . ... Stake a hard rock claim. b) How do I get this gold out so I can sell it?
Late 18th Century English Mine Survey Compass By Unknown Manufacturer, ... Hard Rock Pick, Marked "Washoe" Coal Pick - Martin Hardsocg, Pittsburgh, PA.
How was the pickaxe used in the gold rush - Answers.com. How do they used pickaxe for gold rush? ... of the miners were prospecting for placer gold (as opposed to hard rock mining, where the gold is trapped inside the rock).


text:
organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)
Volume 60| Part 12| December 2004| Pages o872-o875
Isomeric nitrophthalimides: sheets built from N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds
Christopher Glidewell,a* John N. Low,b Janet M. S. Skakleb and James L. Wardellc
aSchool of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, and cInstituto de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
*Correspondence e-mail: cg@st-andrews.ac.uk
(Received 11 October 2004; accepted 14 October 2004; online 11 November 2004)
Molecules of 3-nitrophthalimide, C8H4N2O4, are linked into sheets by a combination of one N—H⋯O hydrogen bond [H⋯O = 1.99 Å, N⋯O = 2.8043 (14) Å and N—H⋯O = 176°] and two independent C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds [H⋯O = 2.36 and 2.56 Å, C⋯O = 3.1639 (16) and 3.4386 (16) Å, and C—H⋯O = 142 and 153°], and these sheets are linked into pairs by a single π–π stacking interaction. Molecules of isomeric 4-nitrophthalimide are linked into sheets by a combination of one three-centre N—H⋯(O)2 hydrogen bond [H⋯O = 2.14 and 2.55 Å, N⋯O = 2.974 (3) and 3.231 (3) Å, N—H⋯O = 151 and 131°, and O⋯H⋯O = 76°] and two independent two-centre C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds [H⋯O = 2.38 and 2.54 Å, C⋯O = 3.257 (4) and 3.452 (4) Å, and C—H⋯O = 156 and 168°].
The isomeric title compounds 3-nitrophthalimide, (I ), and 4-nitrophthalimide, (II ), contain, within very compact molecules, a wide variety of potential hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors (Fig. 1 ). Both N—H and C—H bonds provide potential donors, while carbonyl and nitro O atoms and the arene ring all provide potential acceptors, although there is a
significant excess of hard acceptors over hard donors (Braga et al., 1995 ; Desiraju & Steiner, 1999 ). In addition, aromatic π–π stacking interactions and non-bonded dipolar interactions (Allen et al., 1998 ) involving both carbonyl and nitro groups are possible, in principle.
In the event, the supramolecular structure of (I ) (Fig. 1 ) is dominated by a two-centre N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, in which the acceptor is a carbonyl O atom, and two independent C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, one involving a carbonyl O atom and the other a nitro O atom as acceptor. By contrast, the supramolecular structure of (II ) (Fig. 2 ) is dominated by one asymmetric three-centre N—H⋯(O)2 hydrogen bond, involving both of the carbonyl O atoms as the acceptors, and two independent two-centre C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, one involving a carbonyl O atom and the other a nitro O atom as acceptor.
In isomer (I ), each of the independent hydrogen bonds (Table 1 ) can be regarded as producing a one-dimensional substructure (Gregson et al., 2000 ), all parallel to the [100] direction but all generated by different symmetry operations; the combination of these three motifs generates a sheet. The formation of the sheets in (I ) is most readily analysed by considering, in turn, the action of each hydrogen bond. Amine atom N1 in the molecule at (x, y, z) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to carbonyl atom O1 in the molecule at ( + x, y, − z), so producing a C(4) chain running parallel to the [100] direction and generated by the a-glide plane at z = (Fig. 3 ).
At the same time, aryl atom C6 in the molecule at (x, y, z) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to the second carbonyl O atom, O2, in the molecule at (−1 + x, y, z), thus generating by translation a C(7) chain along [100]. The combination of the two motifs having carbonyl acceptors generates a column of R32(14) rings across z = (Fig. 3 ). Finally, aryl atom C5 at (x, y, z) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to nitro atom O41 in the molecule at (− + x, y, − z), so forming a C(5) chain along [100], this time generated by the a-glide plane at z = . The combination of the two motifs involving aryl H atoms generates a column of R33(15) rings across z = (Fig. 3 ). Neither of the rings utilizes all three independent hydrogen bonds. However, the combination of all three hydrogen bonds generates a (010) sheet in which columns of R33(14) rings across z = n +  (n = zero or integer) alternate with columns of R33(15) rings across z = n + (n = zero or integer) (Fig. 3 ). Four sheets of this type pass through each unit cell, and the sheets are linked weakly into pairs by a single aromatic π–π stacking interaction.
The C3–C8 aryl rings in the molecules at (x, y, z) and (−x, −y, 1 − z) are strictly parallel, with an interplanar spacing of 3.309 (2) Å; the ring-centroid separation is 3.758 (2) Å, corresponding to a centroid offset of 1.781 (2) Å (Fig. 4 ). These two molecules lie in the (010) sheets within the domains 0.02 < y < 0.31 and −0.21 < y < −0.02, respectively, and these two sheets are thus linked into a bilayer. The formation of the bilayer is reinforced by a dipolar interaction between the negatively polarized nitro atom O42 in the molecule at (x, y, z) and the positively polarized carbonyl atom C1 in the molecule at ( − x, −y, + z), which forms part of the sheet in the domain −0.21 < y < −0.02. The C⋯Oi distance [symmetry code: (i) − x, −y, + z] is 2.980 (2) Å and the C⋯Oi—Ni angle is 135.9 (2)°. However, there are no direction-specific interactions between adjacent bilayers
In isomer (II ), the hard and soft hydrogen bonds independently generate two one-dimensional substructures, each in the form of a chain of rings, and these chains combine to form sheets. Amine atom N1 in the molecule of (II ) at (x, y, z) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to carbonyl atoms O1 and O2 in the molecules at (2 − x, − + y, − z) and (2 − x, + y, − z), respectively. These two interactions (Table 2 ) are the strong and weak components of a markedly asymmetric, but essentially planar, three-centre interaction. The sum of the angles at atom H1 is 358°. Together these interactions produce a chain of edge-fused R22(8) rings running parallel to the [010] direction and generated by the 21 screw axis along (1, y, ) (Fig. 5 ).
In addition, aryl atoms C4 and C7 in the molecule at (x, y, z) act as donors, respectively, to atoms O1 and O51 in the molecules at (−1 + x, −1 + y, z) and (1 + x, 1 + y, z), so generating two individual C(6) chains, whose combined action generates by translation a C(6)C(6)[R22(10)] chain of rings (Bernstein et al., 1995 ) running parallel to the [110] direction (Fig. 6 ). The combination of the [010] and [110] chains generates a (001) sheet, which is modestly reinforced by a dipolar interaction between the negatively polarized atom O2 at (x, y, z) and the positively polarized atom C2 at (1 − x, − + y, − z). The O2⋯C2ii distance is 2.906 (3) Å [symmetry code: (ii) 1 − x, − + y, − z] and the C2—O2⋯C2ii angle is 156.1 (2)°, indicating an interaction whose geometry is intermediate between the perpendicular motif I and the sheared motif III described by Allen et al. (1998 ). The two molecules involved in this interaction lie in the [010] chains along (1, y, ) and ( , y, ), so that this dipolar interaction generates a motif along [100] within the (010) sheet. There are no direction-specific interactions between adjacent sheets.
The bond distances and angles within the molecules of (I ) and (II ) present no unusual values. The dihedral angle between the planes of the aryl ring and the nitro group is 31.6 (2)° in (I ) and 8.0 (2)° in (II ), so that each molecule has point group C1; this is sufficient to render the molecules of both isomers chiral. Isomer (I ) crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group Pbca, as a racemate with equal numbers of both conformational enantiomers present in each single-crystal domain. Isomer (II ) crystallizes in space group P212121 as a fully ordered structure, having only one conformational enantiomer present in each single-crystal domain.
The molecule of isomer (I ), showing the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level.
The molecule of isomer (II ), showing the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level.
A stereoview of part of the crystal structure of isomer (I ), showing the formation of a (010) sheet containing alternating columns of R33(14) and R33(15) rings.
Part of the crystal structure of isomer (I ), showing the π–π stacking interaction that links the (010) sheets into pairs. For clarity, H atoms have been omitted. Atoms marked with an asterisk (*) are at the symmetry position (−x, −y, 1 − z).
Part of the crystal structure of isomer (II ), showing the formation of a chain of edge-fused rings along [010]. For clarity, H atoms bonded to C atoms have been omitted. Atoms marked with an asterisk (*), a hash (#), a dollar sign ($) or an ampersand (&) are at the symmetry positions (2 − x, + y, − z), (2 − x, − + y, − z), (x, −1 + y, z) and (x, 1 + y, z), respectively.
Part of the crystal structure of isomer (II ), showing the formation of a chain of rings along [110]. Atoms marked with an asterisk (*) or a hash (#) are in the molecules at (1 + x, 1 + y, z) and (−1 + x, −1 + y, z), respectively.
Commercial samples of 3- and 4-nitrophthalimide were obtained from Aldrich, and crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were grown from solutions in ethyl acetate [for (I )] and acetone [for (II )].
Compound (I)
Orthorhombic, Pbca
a = 8.2208 (2) Å
b = 13.0786 (4) Å
c = 13.9233 (4) Å
V = 1496.99 (7) Å3
Dx = 1.705 Mg m−3
Cell parameters from 1703 reflections
θ = 3.1–27.5°
μ = 0.14 mm−1
T = 120 (2) K
Plate, colourless
0.48 × 0.32 × 0.08 mm
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer
19 573 measured reflections
h = −10 → 10
k = −16 → 15
l = −18 → 16
Δρmax = 0.33 e Å−3
Δρmin = −0.42 e Å−3
Extinction correction: SHELXL97
Extinction coefficient: 0.033 (4)
Hydrogen-bonding geometry (Å, °) for (I)
N1—H1⋯O1iii 0.82 1.99 2.8043 (14) 176
C5—H5⋯O41iv 0.95 2.56 3.4386 (16) 153
C6—H6⋯O2v 0.95 2.36 3.1639 (16) 142
Symmetry codes: (iii) ; (iv) ; (v) x-1,y,z.
Orthorhombic, P212121
b = 5.6812 (5) Å
c = 24.645 (2) Å
V = 743.67 (10) Å3
φ scans, and ω scans with κ offsets
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SORTAV; Blessing, 1995 , 1997 ) Tmin = 0.956, Tmax = 0.994
6348 measured reflections
804 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
h = −6 → 6
k = −7 → 7
Hydrogen-bonding geometry (Å, °) for (II)
N1—H1⋯O2vi 0.92 2.55 3.231 (3) 131
N1—H1⋯O1vii 0.92 2.14 2.974 (3) 151
C4—H4⋯O1viii 0.93 2.54 3.452 (4) 168
C7—H7⋯O51ix 0.93 2.38 3.257 (4) 156
Symmetry codes: (vi) ; (vii) ; (viii) x-1,y-1,z; (ix) 1+x,1+y,z.
Space group Pbca for (I ) and P212121 for (II ) were uniquely assigned from the systematic absences. All H atoms were located from difference maps and then treated as riding atoms, with C—H distances of 0.95 Å and N—H distances of 0.82 Å in (I ) at 120 (2) K, and C—H distances of 0.93 Å and N—H distances of 0.92 Å in (II ) at 291 (2) K, and with Uiso(H) values of 1.2Ueq(C,N). In the absence of any significant anomalous scattering, the Flack (1983 ) parameter for isomer (II ) was indeterminate (Flack & Bernardinelli, 2000 ), and it was not possible to establish the absolute configuration (Jones, 1986 ). Accordingly, the Friedel equivalent reflections were merged prior to the final refinements.
For compound (I), data collection: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999 ); cell refinement: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997 ) and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT. For compound (II), data collection: KappaCCD Server Software (Nonius, 1997 ); cell refinement: DENZO–SMN (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997 ); data reduction: DENZO–SMN. For both compounds, program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003 ) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997 ); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997 ); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003 ); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999 ).
Crystal structure: contains datablocks global, I, II. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270104026137/sk1783sup1.cif
Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270104026137/sk1783Isup2.hkl
Structure factors: contains datablock II. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270104026137/sk1783IIsup3.hkl
The isomeric compounds 3-nitrophthalimide, (I), and 4-nitrophthalimide, (II), contain, within very compact molecules, a wide variety of potential hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors (Fig. 1). Both N—H and C—H bonds provide potential donors, while carbonyl O and nitro O atoms and the arene ring all provide potential acceptors, although there is a significant excess of hard (Braga et al., 1995; Desiraju & Steiner, 1999) acceptors over hard donors. In addition, aromatic π–π stacking interactions and non-bonded dipolar interactions (Allen et al., 1998) involving both carbonyl and nitro groups are possible in principle.
In the event, the supramolecular structure of (I) (Fig. 1) is dominated by a two-centre N—H···O hydrogen bond, in which the acceptor is a carbonyl O atom, and two independent C—H···O hydrogen bonds, one involving a carbonyl O and the other a nitro O atom as acceptor. By contrast, the supramolecular structure of (II) (Fig. 2) is dominated by one rather asymmetric three-centre N—H···(O)2 hydrogen bond, involving both of the carbonyl O atoms as the acceptors, and two independent two-centre C—H···O hydrogen bonds, one involving a carbonyl O and the other a nitro O atom as acceptor.
In isomer (I), each of the independent hydrogen bonds (Table 1) can be regarded as producing a one-dimensional sub-structure (Gregson et al., 2000), all parallel to the [100] direction but all generated by different symmetry operations; the combination of these three motifs generates a sheet. The formation of the sheets in (I) is most readily analysed by considering in turn the action of each hydrogen bond. Amine atom N1 in the molecule at (x, y, z) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to carbonyl atom O1 in the molecule at (0.5 + x, y, 0.5 − z), so producing a C(4) chain running parallel to the [100] direction and generated by the a-glide plane at z = 0.25 (Fig. 3).
At the same time, aryl atom C6 in the molecule at (x, y, z) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to the second carbonyl O atom, O2, in the molecule at (−1 + x, y, z), thus generating by translation a C(7) chain along [100]; the combination of the two motifs having carbonyl acceptors generates a column of R33(14) rings across z = 0.25 (Fig. 3). Finally, aryl atom C5 at (x, y, z) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to nitro atom O41 in the molecule at (−0.5 + x, y, 1.5 − z), so forming a C(5) chain along [100], this time generated by the a-glide plane at z = 0.75; the combination of the two motifs involving aryl H atoms generates a column of R33(15) rings across z = 0.75 (Fig. 3). Neither of the rings utilizes all three independent hydrogen bonds. However, the combination of all three hydrogen bonds generates a (010) sheet in which columns of R33(14) rings across z = n + 0.25 (n = zero or integer) alternate with columns of R33(15) rings across z = n + 0.75 (n = zero or integer) (Fig. 3). Four sheets of this type pass through each unit cell, and the sheets are weakly linked into pairs by a single aromatic π–π stacking interaction.
The C3–C8 aryl rings in the molecules at (x, y, z) and (-x, −y, 1 − z) are strictly parallel, with an interplanar spacing of 3.309 (2) Å; the ring-centroid separation is 3.758 (2) Å, corresponding to a centroid offset of 1.781 (2) Å (Fig. 4). These two molecules lie in the (010) sheets within the domains 0.02 < y < 0.31 and −0.21 < y < −0.02, respectively, and these two sheets are thus linked into a bilayer. The formation of the bilayer is reinforced by a dipolar interaction between the negatively polarized nitro atom O42 in the molecule at (x, y, z) and the positively polarized carbonyl atom C1 in the molecule at (0.5 − x, −y, 0.5 + z), which forms part of the sheet in the domain −0.21 < y < −0.02. The C···Oi distance [symmetry code: (i) 0.5 − x, −y, 0.5 + z] is 2.980 (2) Å and the C···Oi—Ni angle is 135.9 (2)°. However, there are no direction-specific interactions between adjacent bilayers
In isomer (II), the hard and soft hydrogen bonds independently generate two one-dimensional sub-structures, each in the form of a chain of rings, and these chains combine to form sheets. Amine atom N1 in the molecule of (II) at (x, y, z) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to carbonyl atoms O1 and O2 in the molecules at (2 − x, −0.5 + y, 1.5 − z) and (2 − x, 0.5 + y, 1.5 − z), respectively. These two interactions (Table 2) are the strong and weak components of a markedly-asymmetric, but essentially planar, three-centre interaction. The sum of the angles at atom H1 is 358°. Together these interactions produce a chain of edge-fused R22(8) rings running parallel to the [010] direction and generated by the 21 screw axis along (1, y, 3/4) (Fig. 5).
In addition, aryl atoms C4 and C7 in the molecule at (x, y, z) act as donors, respectively, to atoms O1 and O51 in the molecules at (−1 + x, −1 + y, z) and (1 + x, 1 + y, z), so generating two individual C(6) chains, whose combined action generates by translation a C(6) C(6)[R22(10)] chain of rings (Bernstein et al., 1995) running parallel to the [110] direction (Fig. 6). The combination of the [010] and [110] chains generates a (001) sheet, which is modestly reinforced by a dipolar interaction between the negatively polarized atom O2 at (x, y, z) and the positively polarized atom C2 at (1 − x, −0.5 + y, 1.5 − z). The O2···C2ii distance is 2.906 (3) Å [symmetry code: (ii) 1 − x, −0.5 + y, 1.5 − z] and the C2—O2···C2ii angle is 156.1 (2)°, indicating an interaction whose geometry is intermediate between the perpendicular motif (I) and the sheared motif (III) described by Allen et al. (1998). The two molecules involved in this interaction lie in the [010] chains along (1, y, 3/4) and (1/2, y, 3/4), so that this dipolar interaction generates a motif along [100] within the (010) sheet. There are no direction-specific interactions between adjacent sheets.
The bond distances and angles within the molecules of (I) and (II) present no unusual values. The dihedral angle between the planes of the aryl ring and the nitro group is 31.6 (2)° in (I) and 8.0 (2)° in (II), so that each molecule has point group C1; this is sufficient to render the molecules of both isomers chiral. Isomer (I) crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group Pbca, as a racemate with equal numbers of both conformational enantiomers present in each single-crystal domain. Isomer (II) crystallizes in space group P212121 as a fully ordered structure, having only one conformational enantiomer present in each single-crystal domain.
Commercial samples of 3- and 4-nitrophthalimide (obtained from Aldrich) and crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were grown from solutions in ethyl acetate, for (I), and acetone, for (II).
The space groups Pbca for (I) and P212121 for (II) were uniquely assigned from the systematic absences. All H atoms were located from difference maps and then treated as riding atoms, with C—H distances 0.95 Å and N—H distances of 0.82 Å in (I) at 120 (2) K, and C—H distances of 0.93 Å and N—H distances of 0.92 Å in (II) at 291 (2) K, and with Uiso(H) values of 1.2Ueq(C,N). In the absence of any significant anomalous scattering, the Flack (1983) parameter for isomer (II) was indeterminate (Flack & Bernardinelli, 2000), and it was not possible to establish the absolute configuration (Jones, 1986). Accordingly, the Friedel equivalent reflections were merged prior to the final refinements.
Data collection: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999) for (I); KappaCCD Server Software (Nonius, 1997) for (II). Cell refinement: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT for (I); DENZO–SMN (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) for (II). Data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT for (I); DENZO–SMN for (II). For both compounds, program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
Fig. 1. The molecule of isomer (I), showing the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level.
Fig. 2. The molecule of isomer (II), showing the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level.
Fig. 3. A stereoview of part of the crystal structure of isomer (I), showing the formation of a (010) sheet containing alternating columns of R33(14) and R33(15) rings.
Fig. 4. Part of the crystal structure of isomer (I), showing the π–π stacking interaction that links the (010) sheets into pairs. For clarity, H atoms have been omitted. Atoms marked with an asterisk (*) are at the symmetry position (-x, −y, 1 − z).
Fig. 5. Part of the crystal structure of isomer (II), showing the formation of a chain of edge-fused rings along [010]. For clarity, H atoms bonded to C atoms have been omitted. Atoms marked with an asterisk (*), a hash (#), a dollar sign () or an ampersand (&) are at the symmetry positions (2 − x, 0.5 + y, 1.5 − z), (2 − x, −0.5 + y, 1.5 − z), (x, −1 + y, z) and (x, 1 + y, z), respectively.
Fig. 6. Part of the crystal structure of isomer (II), showing the formation of a chain of rings along [110]. Atoms marked with an asterisk (*) or a hash (#) are in the molecules at (1 + x, 1 + y, z) and (−1 + x, −1 + y, z), respectively.
(I) 3-Nitrophthalimide top
C8H4N2O4 F(000) = 784
Orthorhombic, Pbca Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ac 2ab Cell parameters from 1703 reflections
V = 1496.99 (7) Å3 Plate, colourless
Z = 8 0.48 × 0.32 × 0.08 mm
Bruker-Nonius 95mm CCD camera on κ-goniostat
Radiation source: Bruker–Nonius FR591 rotating anode 1488 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Detector resolution: 9.091 pixels mm-1 θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.1°
ϕ & ω scans h = −10→10
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) k = −16→15
Tmin = 0.954, Tmax = 0.989 l = −18→16
Refinement on F2 Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: full Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.039 H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.099 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0527P)2 + 0.5962P]
S = 1.10 (Δ/σ)max < 0.001
1703 reflections Δρmax = 0.33 e Å−3
129 parameters Δρmin = −0.42 e Å−3
0 restraints Extinction correction: SHELXL97, Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods Extinction coefficient: 0.033 (4)
C8H4N2O4 V = 1496.99 (7) Å3
Orthorhombic, Pbca Mo Kα radiation
b = 13.0786 (4) Å T = 120 K
c = 13.9233 (4) Å 0.48 × 0.32 × 0.08 mm
N1 0.41423 (13) 0.16003 (9) 0.34763 (7) 0.0189 (3)
C1 0.25286 (16) 0.17714 (9) 0.32887 (8) 0.0172 (3)
O1 0.19836 (10) 0.20978 (7) 0.25357 (6) 0.0209 (2)
C2 0.44360 (15) 0.12650 (10) 0.44109 (9) 0.0173 (3)
C6 −0.05338 (16) 0.12442 (10) 0.52875 (9) 0.0194 (3)
C7 −0.00199 (15) 0.15097 (9) 0.43675 (9) 0.0180 (3)
O41 0.46763 (13) 0.12029 (8) 0.65980 (7) 0.0284 (3)
H1 0.4950 0.1735 0.3159 0.037 (5)*
H5 0.0216 0.0821 0.6624 0.023*
H6 −0.1664 0.1233 0.5431 0.023*
N1 0.0147 (5) 0.0266 (6) 0.0154 (5) −0.0013 (4) 0.0017 (4) −0.0002 (4)
C1 0.0178 (6) 0.0167 (6) 0.0170 (6) −0.0011 (5) −0.0009 (5) −0.0031 (5)
O1 0.0220 (5) 0.0258 (5) 0.0151 (4) −0.0011 (4) −0.0029 (3) 0.0018 (4)
C2 0.0163 (6) 0.0188 (6) 0.0167 (6) −0.0005 (5) 0.0000 (5) −0.0034 (5)
O2 0.0161 (5) 0.0294 (5) 0.0233 (5) 0.0022 (4) −0.0028 (4) −0.0004 (4)
C3 0.0159 (6) 0.0165 (6) 0.0163 (6) 0.0001 (5) −0.0004 (5) −0.0014 (5)
C6 0.0169 (6) 0.0197 (6) 0.0214 (6) 0.0000 (5) 0.0015 (5) −0.0034 (5)
N4 0.0223 (6) 0.0224 (6) 0.0159 (5) 0.0020 (5) −0.0023 (4) −0.0002 (4)
O41 0.0241 (5) 0.0382 (6) 0.0230 (5) −0.0062 (4) −0.0080 (4) 0.0028 (4)
N1—C1 1.3705 (16) C4—N4 1.4678 (15)
N1—C2 1.3943 (16) C5—C6 1.3895 (19)
N1—H1 0.8167 C5—H5 0.95
C1—O1 1.2174 (15) C6—C7 1.3928 (18)
C1—C8 1.4933 (16) C6—H6 0.95
C3—C4 1.3887 (17) N4—O41 1.2231 (15)
C4—C5 1.3862 (17)
C1—N1—C2 113.38 (10) C4—C5—C6 120.09 (12)
C1—N1—H1 130.4 C4—C5—H5 120.0
O1—C1—N1 125.29 (12) C5—C6—C7 120.89 (12)
O1—C1—C8 128.54 (12) C5—C6—H6 119.6
N1—C1—C8 106.16 (10) C7—C6—H6 119.6
C4—C3—C8 117.96 (11) C7—C8—C3 122.95 (11)
C5—C4—C3 120.51 (11) O41—N4—O42 124.46 (11)
C5—C4—N4 117.36 (11) O41—N4—C4 118.03 (10)
C2—N1—C1—O1 177.46 (12) C5—C6—C7—C8 0.70 (18)
C2—N1—C1—C8 −1.07 (14) C6—C7—C8—C3 0.22 (18)
C1—N1—C2—O2 177.25 (12) C6—C7—C8—C1 −178.73 (12)
C1—N1—C2—C3 −1.49 (14) C4—C3—C8—C7 −1.40 (18)
O2—C2—C3—C4 2.5 (2) C2—C3—C8—C7 176.55 (11)
N1—C2—C3—C4 −178.89 (13) C4—C3—C8—C1 177.75 (11)
O2—C2—C3—C8 −174.98 (14) C2—C3—C8—C1 −4.30 (13)
N1—C2—C3—C8 3.63 (13) O1—C1—C8—C7 4.0 (2)
C8—C3—C4—C5 1.68 (18) N1—C1—C8—C7 −177.50 (12)
C2—C3—C4—C5 −175.60 (13) O1—C1—C8—C3 −175.05 (12)
C8—C3—C4—N4 −176.64 (11) N1—C1—C8—C3 3.42 (13)
C2—C3—C4—N4 6.1 (2) C5—C4—N4—O41 −146.87 (12)
C3—C4—C5—C6 −0.82 (19) C3—C4—N4—O41 31.51 (17)
N4—C4—C5—C6 177.58 (11) C5—C4—N4—O42 31.58 (16)
C4—C5—C6—C7 −0.41 (19) C3—C4—N4—O42 −150.05 (12)
N1—H1···O1i 0.82 1.99 2.8043 (14) 176
C5—H5···O41ii 0.95 2.56 3.4386 (16) 153
C6—H6···O2iii 0.95 2.36 3.1639 (16) 142
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, y, −z+1/2; (ii) x−1/2, y, −z+3/2; (iii) x−1, y, z.
(II) 4-Nitrophthalimide top
Orthorhombic, P212121 Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: P 2ac 2ab Cell parameters from 1007 reflections
b = 5.6812 (5) Å µ = 0.14 mm−1
V = 743.67 (10) Å3 Plate, colourless
Nonius KappaCCD
Radiation source: rotating anode 804 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
ϕ scans, and ω scans with κ offsets θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.3°
(SORTAV; Blessing, 1995, 1997) h = −6→6
Tmin = 0.956, Tmax = 0.994 k = −7→7
6348 measured reflections l = −31→31
C8H4N2O4 V = 743.67 (10) Å3
Orthorhombic, P212121 Mo Kα radiation
b = 5.6812 (5) Å T = 291 K
(SORTAV; Blessing, 1995, 1997) 804 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
N1 0.8528 (5) 0.4545 (4) 0.71294 (9) 0.0268 (6)
C1 0.8471 (6) 0.6382 (5) 0.67636 (10) 0.0242 (6)
O1 0.9844 (4) 0.8077 (4) 0.67667 (8) 0.0306 (5)
O51 −0.0327 (4) 0.1058 (4) 0.55967 (9) 0.0377 (6)
N1 0.0289 (13) 0.0261 (14) 0.0253 (12) 0.0008 (12) −0.0031 (10) 0.0017 (10)
C1 0.0249 (14) 0.0240 (15) 0.0238 (13) 0.0020 (14) 0.0031 (11) −0.0024 (12)
O1 0.0331 (12) 0.0290 (12) 0.0298 (10) −0.0076 (11) −0.0022 (9) −0.0014 (9)
O2 0.0424 (14) 0.0260 (11) 0.0325 (11) −0.0001 (11) −0.0002 (9) 0.0038 (10)
N5 0.0253 (12) 0.0277 (14) 0.0300 (12) −0.0039 (13) 0.0026 (11) −0.0034 (12)
O52 0.0309 (11) 0.0337 (13) 0.0313 (10) 0.0008 (11) −0.0061 (9) 0.0023 (9)
C6 0.0274 (14) 0.0232 (16) 0.0246 (13) 0.0003 (14) −0.0001 (11) 0.0009 (12)
C7 0.0286 (15) 0.0261 (16) 0.0259 (13) −0.0014 (14) −0.0004 (12) −0.0005 (13)
C8 0.0219 (14) 0.0238 (16) 0.0241 (13) −0.0004 (13) 0.0015 (11) −0.0029 (12)
N1—C1 1.379 (4) C4—H4 0.93
N1—C2 1.392 (4) C5—C6 1.369 (4)
N1—H1 0.92 C5—N5 1.481 (4)
C1—O1 1.208 (3) N5—O52 1.225 (3)
C1—C8 1.493 (4) N5—O51 1.226 (3)
C2—O2 1.209 (3) C6—C7 1.390 (4)
C2—C3 1.494 (4) C6—H6 0.93
C3—C8 1.384 (4) C7—C8 1.387 (4)
C4—C5 1.395 (4)
C1—N1—C2 112.8 (2) C6—C5—C4 125.2 (3)
C1—N1—H1 131.2 C6—C5—N5 117.6 (3)
O1—C1—N1 125.9 (3) O52—N5—O51 124.0 (3)
O1—C1—C8 128.2 (3) O52—N5—C5 118.2 (3)
N1—C1—C8 105.9 (2) O51—N5—C5 117.8 (3)
O2—C2—N1 126.0 (3) C5—C6—C7 119.5 (3)
O2—C2—C3 128.7 (3) C5—C6—H6 120.3
N1—C2—C3 105.3 (2) C7—C6—H6 120.3
C8—C3—C4 121.8 (3) C8—C7—C6 117.0 (3)
C8—C3—C2 108.2 (3) C8—C7—H7 121.5
C3—C4—H4 122.9 C3—C8—C1 107.8 (2)
N1—H1···O2i 0.92 2.55 3.231 (3) 131
N1—H1···O1ii 0.92 2.14 2.974 (3) 151
C4—H4···O1iii 0.93 2.54 3.452 (4) 168
C7—H7···O51iv 0.93 2.38 3.257 (4) 156
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, y+1/2, −z+3/2; (ii) −x+2, y−1/2, −z+3/2; (iii) x−1, y−1, z; (iv) x+1, y+1, z.
(I) (II)
Chemical formula C8H4N2O4 C8H4N2O4
Mr 192.13 192.13
Crystal system, space group Orthorhombic, Pbca Orthorhombic, P212121
Temperature (K) 120 291
a, b, c (Å) 8.2208 (2), 13.0786 (4), 13.9233 (4) 5.3114 (3), 5.6812 (5), 24.645 (2)
V (Å3) 1496.99 (7) 743.67 (10)
Z 8 4
Radiation type Mo Kα Mo Kα
µ (mm−1) 0.14 0.14
Crystal size (mm) 0.48 × 0.32 × 0.08 0.26 × 0.22 × 0.04
Diffractometer Bruker-Nonius 95mm CCD camera on κ-goniostat
diffractometer Nonius KappaCCD
(SORTAV; Blessing, 1995, 1997)
Tmin, Tmax 0.954, 0.989 0.956, 0.994
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections 19573, 1703, 1488 6348, 1007, 804
Rint 0.037 0.060
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) 0.649 0.649
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.039, 0.099, 1.10 0.043, 0.110, 1.03
No. of reflections 1703 1007
No. of parameters 129 127
H-atom treatment H-atom parameters constrained H-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) 0.33, −0.42 0.26, −0.27
Computer programs: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999), KappaCCD Server Software (Nonius, 1997), DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT, DENZO–SMN (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997), DENZO and COLLECT, DENZO–SMN, OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), PLATON (Spek, 2003), SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) for (I) top
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) for (II) top
The authors thank a referee for helpful comments on conformational enantiomerism. X-ray data were collected at the EPSRC X-ray Crystallographic Service, University of Southampton, England; the authors thank the staff for all their help and advice. JNL thanks NCR Self-Service, Dundee, for grants which have provided computing facilities for this work. JLW thanks CNPq and FAPERJ for financial support.
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