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Tubular Bells je první album britského multiintrumentalisty a skladatele Mika Oldfielda vydané roku 1973. Zároveň se stalo prvním titulem nového hudebního vydavatelství Virgin Records, které založil Richard Branson. Album je rozděleno na dvě instrumentální skladby, z nichž každá zabírala na původním vydání celou jednu stranu LP desky. Většinu nástrojů nahrál Oldfield zcela sám.

Oldfieldův přítel, skladatel David Bedford později přepracoval Tubular Bells do orchestrální podoby. Tato verze byla jako The Orchestral Tubular Bells vydána v roce 1975 jako samostatné album. Oldfield v roce 2003 (při 30. výročí vydání původního alba) zcela nově nahrál celé Tubular Bells a tato nahrávka byla tentýž rok vydána pod názvem Tubular Bells 2003.

Mike Oldfield také vydal dvě alba, která jakoby navazují na původní Tubular Bells. Deska Tubular Bells II vyšla roku 1992, Tubular Bells III v roce 1998.

Album Tubular Bells dosáhlo značného úspěchu. V srpnu 1973 se dostalo na první místo v britského žebříčku prodejnosti alb, ve Spojených státech se nejvýše vyšplhalo v dubnu 1974 na 3. příčku. Úvodní část Tubular Bells byla také použita v hororu Vymítač ďábla (anglicky The Exorcist)

Před Oldfieldovým příchodem do studia The Manor v něm nahrával velšský hudebník a skladatel John Cale své druhé sólové album The Academy in Peril. Právě z jeho nahrávacích relací zde zůstaly trubicové zvony, které Oldfield na albu použil.

Skladby
 "Tubular Bells Part One" (Oldfield) – 25:36
 "Tubular Bells Part Two" (Oldfield) – 23:20"The Sailor's Hornpipe" (lidová, úprava Oldfield) – závěr druhé části, není jako samostatná stopa

Obsazení
 Mike Oldfield – akustická kytara, baskytara, elektrická kytara, varhany Farfisa, Hammond a Lowrey, flažolet, fuzzbox, zvonkohra, "honky tonk" piano, mandolína, piano, "Piltdown Man", perkuse, španělská kytara, "dvourychlostní kytara" (kytara nahraná na pásku v poloviční rychlosti) , tympány, housle, vokály, trubicové zvony (tubular bells)
 Steve Broughton – perkuse
 Lindsay L. Cooper – kontrabas
 Mundy Ellis, Sally Oldfield – vokály
 Jon Field – flétny
 Vivian Stanshall – konferenciér (Master of Ceremonies)
 Manor Choir (Simon Heyworth, Tom Newman, Mike Oldfield), Nasal Choir – sbory

Externí odkazy
  Informace o albu
 Informace o albu v češtině

Alba Mika Oldfielda
Alba z roku 1973
Alba, která produkoval Tom Newman
Alba Virgin Records
Debutová alba
Instrumentální alba

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home > Books > Snowscape With Signature
Snowscape With Signature
Sadly a posthumous collection, but chosen by the poet before his death, Snowscape with Signature shows Hopkinson to have been not only a pre-eminent recorder of 20th century Caribbean upheaval, of social indifference, wasteful violence and conflicts of race and politics, but a deeply moving poet of the inner person who can 'speak praise to heaven for this man's handicaps/ which have stripped him at last down to himself'.
Abdhur Rahman Hopkinson
Guyana, Canada
Sadly a posthumous collection but chosen by the poet before his death, Snowscape with Signature shows Hopkinson to have been not only a pre-eminent recorder of 20th century Caribbean upheaval, of social indifference, wasteful violence and conflicts of race and politics, but a deeply moving poet of the inner person who can 'speak praise to heaven for this man's handicaps/ which have stripped him at last down to himself'. As a convert to Islam, Hopkinson also wrote some of the finest religious poetry to come from the Caribbean. In his adeptness with the 'sweet fetters' of form on a surprising fluidity of perception, Hopkinson will surely come to be seen as not only one of the Caribbean's finest poets, but an outstanding poet in any company.
The collection is introduced by the leading Caribbean poet and critic, Mervyn Morris.
'Hopkinson's poems are tightly disciplined but his imagination ranges at will, his capacity to surprise makes every one of his poems worth reading.' - Mario Relich, Lines Review.
Slade Hopkinson was born into a middle class family in New Amsterdam, Guyana in 1934. His father was a barrister-at-law, his mother a nurse. A few years after the death of his father, his mother took Slade & his sister to live in Barbados where he attended Harrison College. In 1952, he went to the University College of the West Indies on a scholarship, coinciding with Derek Walcott and Mervyn Morris as students. Slade Hopkinson was active in University theatre, performing as Tiresias, Lear (Mervyn Morris writes: 'his processional entrance as decrepit majesty, head tilted at a petulant angle; his visceral howl of suffering in the storm - are remembered still') Joxer Daly, Prospero and others. He directed Oedipus and King Lear. He obtained his BA in 1953 and a Dip. Ed. in 1956.
Reviews of Snowscape With Signature
Review by Laurence A. Breiner for CRNLE Review
Review by Mario Relich for Lines Review
Review by Valerie Laws for Valerie Laws
The Flowering Rock
The Woolgatherer
The Garden of Forgetting
Martin Carter Selected Poems / Poesías...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package city.roles.interfaces;

import utilities.RestaurantJPMenuClass;
import city.bases.interfaces.RoleInterface;

public interface RestaurantJPCustomer extends RoleInterface {
	//Data

	public enum AgentState
	{DoingNothing, WaitingInRestaurant, BeingSeated, Seated, ReadyToOrder, Choosing, PlacingOrder, Eating, DoneEating, Paying, Leaving};

	public enum AgentEvent
	{none, gotHungry, restaurantFull, DecidedToStay, followHost, seated, choiceReady, waiterCalled, outOfFood, foodArrived, readyToPay, donePaying, doneLeaving};
	// Messages

	public void msgHereIsCheck(int check, RestaurantJPCashier cashier);
	public void msgFollowMeToTable(RestaurantJPMenuClass menu, int tableNumber, RestaurantJPWaiter w);
	public void msgWhatWouldYouLike();
	public void msgOutOfChoice(RestaurantJPMenuClass menu);
	public void msgHereIsYourFood();

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Recognizing that many Veterans may have little or no experience in Controlled Environment Agriculture, especially with state-of-the-art practices that are incorporated in ACTS Freedom Farms of America operations, a staff of qualified and experienced managers and mentors through the AG Core will be onsite at each agricultural environment location to provide education and hands-on mentoring.
The AG Core is the managing business unit authorized to establish commercial growing and micro-farm operations and strategies, with complete control from seed through harvest and distribution. The AG Core purchases products and services for each master-planned agricultural environment, making large-scale purchases of fuel, seed, seedlings, fertilizers, and other supplies to achieve economies of scale, and gain brand awareness and market power. All supplies, equipment, machinery, and maintenance for commercial food production are provided by the AG Core. Military members, Veterans and or others provide the workforce for crop production and harvesting activities.
Is to assemble, pack, process, and sell crops at optimum prices. The AG Core also provides other farming and harvesting services, as needed. The master-planned agricultural environment plays a vital role in connecting surrounding area residents to local food production via the AG Core.


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How to move away from greenwashing?
By Kristopher Fraser
Bild: Unsplash
Sustainability is an absolute necessity for fashion brands nowadays if we expect to have a planet by the end of this century. While many fashion brands are trying to make a true shift toward being more sustainable, some treat sustainability as a marketing tactic. The concept of "greenwashing" or conveying the false impression that a company's products are more environmentally friendly than they are, minimizes the sustainability movement.
Companies who claim to do all these things, like using recycled fibers, simultaneously might also be guilty of waste production and underutilizing materials. While they might get one of the biggest waste problems out of the way by using recycled fibers, that doesn't always mean the rest of their supply chain is recyclable.
Greenwashing marketing is unfortunately too prevalent
The fashion industry operates among the most complex supply chains in the world, making sustainability challenging. One product can have multiple origins and go through multiple countries for production.
"No standard ecometric is going to tell the whole truth," said Sarah Edwards, CEO of sustainability consulting firm Eunomia, a at PI Apparel New York. "I spent 20 years in the packaging industry, and they don't even have a standard ecometric for that yet, and their supply chains are much less complex. What we must recognize is individual brands and organizations can make real sustainability happen by partnering with organizations committed to sustainability that will ultimately enable better data, transparency, and reporting."
A big issue companies have in trying to adopt real sustainability and not just greenwash is the lack of policy direction. To start to really affect the supply chain, countries like the U.S. and power players across Europe start taking policy actions toward sustainability, then it will have an entire domino effect on the global supply chain.
One of the reasons greenwashing is so easy is because there's very little legal liability reference for sustainability certifications. Many companies providing sustainability certifications are independent or private, and aren't audited by their respective governments of origin.
On a positive note, shareholder resolutions around companies becoming more sustainable can help enact change. Companies with shareholder distributions have great transparency in what they are reporting and have reported to consumers.
To further transform supply chains, Edwards said a stronger focus on how the fashion industry generates materials needs to happen. More specific guidelines for textile and garment durability within the design stages needs analysis and development to curtail waste.
Research and development are key pillars of ending greenwashing and advancing sustainability. According to Kristen Fanarakis, founder and creative director of Senza Tempo and a sustainability policy consultant, says that one of her main goals is also convincing clients to keep the clothes they have longer. Fanarakis also said that certifications will continue to play a role in the sustainability movement, but we need to have more transparency in certification if it's going to play role in the sustainability movement. The government needs to have standards in place for sustainability practices, and eventually we can get to a point where there's a global harmonization among the supply chain once enough power players are involved.
The road to comprehensive sustainability is a long one, but there is hope. In the meantime, consumers need to really analyze where they are shopping to see if a brand's supply chains are truly sustainable, and not just greenwashing marketing.


Inspired by the famous words of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Her World Over is a conscious living blog dedicated to unearthing the beauty in travel, design, and socially conscious business and enterprise. We seek meaningful travel and design opportunities with partners around the globe to better understand the intersection between people and place. We hope you will join our journey and carry the beautiful with you as you go!


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John Jay College of Criminal Justice Installs HuddleVU Collaboration Systems
By AVNetwork Staff (AV Network) 2017-09-14T12:30:00Z
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, located near Lincoln Center in Manhattan, has selected five FSR HuddleVU Collaboration Systems for its small-group study rooms located in the Lloyd Sealy Library of Haaren Hall. The systems allow multiple users to share and view their laptops, tablets, and smartphone screens on a main display, underscoring the school's efforts to encourage student collaboration, group study, and shared projects.
Lloyd Sealy Library, which holds more than 500,000 books, periodicals, films, microfilms, and digital collections, offers students a wealth of resources for group study and shared projects, but was lacking in technology to facilitate group collaboration. Following an evaluation process of affordable options that would create the ideal environment for people to view and share ideas, the school made the decision to install FSR HuddleVU Collaboration systems.
"Everything was built-in so we didn't have to reconfigure the current space, which was a concern," said Geng H. Lin, library systems manager. "We decided to try two immediately." FSR's HuddleVU systems include all the necessary video switching equipment, control hardware, display power control, and color-coded captive HDMI cables for quick installation and operation.
Once the FSR HuddleVU systems were installed in two rooms in the upper library, the College focused on stimulating interest via signage in the library, promotion on the library website, and a notification to students via internal electronic communications. The rooms were quickly in such high demand that the college added HuddleVUs in the library's lower three rooms as well. Each installation was accomplished in one day and came in under budget.
According to the college, the rooms "just work" for the students. The HuddleVUs are intuitive and reliable, allowing students to operate with minimal instruction, and without asking for outside assistance. The school anticipates the continuation of increased collaboration among students when they have group projects, and looks forward to adding systems as space becomes available. According to Lin, "Students are extremely happy with the equipment — they are really enjoying it. It has been a great experience overall."
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text:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<root xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="ctK001.xsd">
      test data
</root>


text:
Nick Schalk
by boysen | Apr 14, 2022 | 2021, Ron Hering Awards
Pit Bull Watched Over By Eagle Spirit USA • St. Louis Nick Schalk "I create the world of unconditional love, by authentically being divinely who I am" Nick initiated in the Spring of 2005. In the years since, he has served and represented...
Mike Holdstock
Independent Wolf Nordic Mike Holdstock "I see the excellence in myself and everyone else, just as we are." Mike's work with the Men's Forum and the men's hotline is about creating a space for men to give and get from one another. He...
Award Ceremony Video
by boysen | Aug 10, 2021 | 2019, Ron Hering Awards


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Shakuntala Devi's Guinness World Record certificate finally reaches home
Mumbai, July 30 (IANS) Just ahead of the release of her biopic, Guinness World Records has finally felicitated the late mathematics genius Shakuntala Devi with an official certificate for the record of Fastest Human Computation.
The certificate was received by Anupama Banerji, daughter of the late Shakuntala Devi.
Shakuntala Devi set the record of the Fastest Human Computation by multiplying two randomly selected 13-digit numbers in just 28 seconds, at Imperial College London on June 18, 1980.
"It is an overwhelming moment for me to be able to receive this honour on my mother's behalf. To be conferred with the certificate of 'Fastest human computation' is an exciting feat that only my mother was capable of," said Anupama.
She further expressed: "I am glad that I had the opportunity to provide significant inputs while developing the biopic, 'Shakuntala Devi', to ensure that people get to know my mother the way she was in real life – full of life and truly amazing. Her mad love and passion for maths is well-known, she always wanted to take this a level ahead. This is exactly the kind of recognition that would have made her extremely happy and thoroughly proud of her mathematical abilities which far surpassed anyone else's."
The biopic "Shakuntala Devi" chronicles the life of Shakuntala Devi as a person and as a math wiz through the eyes of her daughter, and also sets up a portrait of the tumultuous relationship the mother and daughter shared for many years.
The film is written and directed by Anu Menon, and it stars Vidya Balan as Shakuntala Devi with Sanya Malhotra as Anupama Banerji, alongside Jisshu Sengupta as Shakuntala's husband Paritosh Banerjee and Amit Sadh as Anupama's husband Ajay Abhay Kumar.
Vidya and Amazon came together to initiate the certification.
"While shooting for 'Shakuntala Devi' in London, we would meet Anupama Banerji often. In my conversations with her, I realised that the late Shakuntala Devi, didn't have an official certification from Guinness World Records — it wasn't the norm then. (Producer) Vikram Malhotra and I were therefore very keen to make this happen and along with the Amazon Team, we reached out to the Guinness World Records team who provided us with every support. I am thrilled that Anupama will now have the certificate to cherish forever. This is my tribute to the legend," said Vidya.
She continued: "I am glad to be part of this interesting journey and being able to witness such a '1 in a 100 years' woman who wore multiple hats being felicitated for her exemplary work. To be able to portray someone who continues to inspire us is truly an honour for me!"
On the certification, Craig Glenday, Editor-in-Chief, Guinness World Records, said: "Shakuntala Devi's astounding achievement continues to hold its place in the Guinness World Records archives after so many years. No one has been able to even equal, let alone break, this record which is a testament to both the exceptional power of Ms Devi's mind and the significance of this particular mental challenge. A global celebration of the life and career of the "Human Computer" is long overdue, and Guinness World Records is honoured to play its part in championing this unique individual."
"Shakuntala Devi" will have its global premiere on July 31 on Amazon Prime Video.
sug/vnc
amit sadh
sanya malhotra
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Angus & Julia Stone interview
Right at the beginning of the teaser clip for Angus & Julia Stone's new album Snow, Julia's standing in the doorway of the siblings' NSW Hinterlands studio holding a steaming mug of tea, and behind her the little wedge of wooden cabin looks like it can't possibly be more than 10 by 6 foot big.
"There's two rooms – there's the control room, which is divided by a wall which has a fish tank in it, and you look through it to the jam room, which is the bigger room," Angus Stone explains. So sort of like that scene in Romeo + Juliet where the lovers first see one another? "Like that, but you're looking through at grubby musicians. It's not as romantic. It's very quaint but it does the trick."
At this mini-haven amongst the foggy rural loam the two Stones wrote and recorded the 12 tracks which make up the album, with a third honorary participant: an enormous, double keyboard organ. Its distinctive sound permeates the record both melodically and rhythmically, as Angus says they often used its inbuilt drum beats. "I bought it out of a newspaper for 150 bucks. That organ pretty much became the phantom member of the band – it was an essential part of this record for sure." More so than any other kind of programmed instrument could ever be, because its cantankerous old mind is just as fallible as a human's. "Beats from a computer – the ones you create in ProTools or Ableton or whatever – those are really rigid and exact," he says. "The thing about the organ beats is, across six minutes, the timing actually moves. It's not a metronome. You can't programme anything – you have to play everything live, around it. And I guess it's cool in that way – you get a lot more liveliness and energy in the real world."
"I bought it out of a newspaper for 150 bucks. That organ pretty much became the phantom member of the band – it was an essential part of this record for sure."
The organ's sweet, whistling tones appear on the album's title track with a little swoop to each note; that sweet ease drifts across the entirety of the album, with sometimes direct and sometimes abstract lyrics evoking the pastoral feel of the landscape in which it was made. There's a spoken monologue in Make It Out Alive, in which Angus channels some sort of contemplative Cohen Brothers character – a technique he says he began exploring with Marinade, a song he wrote for his solo project Dope Lemon – while in Who Do You Think You Are he repeats the strange line "Clean as a hound's tooth." "I don't know, some of the things that come out of my head," he says. "Hounds… they rip meat apart and it's quite savage. But their teeth are always polished… I guess it's a sort of play on that savagery."
While the album is full of harmonies between the siblings, My House Your House presents one of the only times on the album when the Stones sings the same melody line in unison, with no harmonies. "I really like it," Stone ponders. "It's kind of off the books… it's so easy to jump in and say 'let's do the fifth', try a harmony. [In unison] is kind of just leaving all that behind, and you're purely just singing what it is. When you start repeating a line over and over again, its meaning becomes stronger. You're not trying to do anything else but sing the line because it draws more energy to it, in a way."
Angus says it's strange to have sold out the Snow tour before the album is even released – "in a perfect world I'd love to release the record so people can soak it up, and then do release dates" – but he's overwhelmed by the faith it symbolises. "It's really special – these people haven't heard it yet," he says. "I really believe in this record. I think it's something that's going to change things in the way people hear [us] write; it's really establishing a new level for us. But it's almost like you've got this secret, and it's about to drop, and it's a really cool feeling that [fans] have already committed. I'm stoked those guys believe in us before they've heard what the record's going to be."
Snow is out September 15 via EMI.
Posted by Zoë Radas | Sep 12, 2017 | MUSIC INTERVIEWS |
Tags: Angus & Julia Stone, interview, Snow
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The 3 time Olympic Gold Medalist has autographed this mint condition hardcover book. Included is an invitation to the 2003 special event where Jackie signed this book.
good shape with dust jacket.
The original owner has put a newspaper clipping, a 1987 review of this book from the Boston Globe, in the front of this book and it has discolored the end paper the same shape as the clipping.
US Olympian and top miler Marty Liquori's biography that traces his great career, from breaking the four minute mile in high school to his legendary duels wih Jim Ryun.
This hard-to-find book is in good condition with some minor tears on the top edge of the book jacket.
3 time Boston Marathon champion Cosmas Ndeti has autographed the cover of this issue featuring his photo. He added "Jesus is doing it again."
How to order this magazine.
Hardcover with a dust jacket, 163 pages.
A biography of the great Abebe Bikila, two time Olympic Marathon Gold Medalist.
This is a special purchase by Running Past from our friends at Reportage Press in London, England. Each copy has been signed by author and renowned journalist Tim Judah.
Roberta "Bobbi" Gibb tells her unique story of being the first woman to run Boston, how it happened, and why she runs. This is a 28 page softcover booklet signed on the first page by Bobbi. Printed in 2001.
A charming childrens book about two kids and their running dad, and the day he ran to the rescue!
This book is available autographed by the illustrator, Andy Yelenak, and can be personalized upon request. Andy discusses his work on the book here.
A hardcover book with a dust jacket.


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Apple Announces 'Greatness Code' Docu Series With Tom Brady and LeBron James
By Tom Tapp
Tom Tapp
Deputy Managing Editor
More Stories By Tom
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Tom Brady Mandatory Credit: Photo by Charles Krupa/AP/Shutterstock
On Wednesday, Apple announced Greatness Code, a short form documentary series co-produced by LeBron James' Uninterrupted and Tom Brady's Religion of Sports and directed by Emmy-winner Gotham Chopra (Facebook Watch's Tom vs. Time). Greatness Code will debut globally July 10, exclusively on Apple TV+.
Apple describes Greatness Code as "a landmark, short form unscripted series that spotlights untold stories from the greatest athletes in the world." The first season consists of seven mini-episodes, each examining a pivotal moment that defined a legendary athlete's career.
Those athletes include three-time NBA Champion LeBron James, six-time Super Bowl Champion Tom Brady, Olympic Gold Medalist and co-captain of the U.S. Women's Soccer Team Alex Morgan, world's fastest man and eight-time Olympic champion Usain Bolt, five-time Olympic Gold medalist and 15-time World Champion swimmer Katie Ledecky and 11-time world champion surfer Kelly Slater.
'Last Dance' For The Gridiron? ESPN Sets Deal With Tom Brady For 9-Episode Series On QB's Remarkable Career
Greatness Code is a co-production between powerhouse sports content platforms Religion of Sports, which is co-founded by Chopra, Brady, and NFL Hall of Famer Michael Strahan; and Uninterrupted, the athlete empowerment brand founded by LeBron James and Maverick Carter.
Chopra not only directs, but executive produces through Religion of Sports. Maverick Carter executive produces via Uninterrupted. Ameeth Sankaran also serves as executive producer through Religion of Sports while Devin Johnson executive produces via Uninterrupted.
Greatness Code will stream alongside a growing slate of acclaimed, unscripted Apple Originals including Beastie Boys Story, Visible: Out On Television ,the docus Dads from director Bryce Dallas Howard and the Sundance acquisition Boys State as well as On the Rocks starring Bill Murray, Rashida Jones and directed by Sofia Coppola.
Streaming now is the 2019 Sundance Film Festival selection Hala and The Elephant Queen.
The service also premiered the George Nolfi-directed The Banker, which stars Anthony Mackie, Samuel L. Jackson and Nia Long and recently committed to premiering Tom Hanks' blockbuster Greyhound. It also has an overall deal with legendary director Ridley Scott.
greatness code


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text:
Cryptographers on Blockchains: Part 2 (updated)
Back in April I wrote Cryptographers on Blockchains; they weren't enthusiastic. It is time for some more of the same, so follow me below the fold.
Radia Perlman
Besides being a fellow Distinguished Engineer at Sun Microsystems, Radia Perlman is an ACM Fellow, a member of the Internet Hall of Fame, and a recipient of the USENIX Lifetime Achievement Award. A year ago I commented briefly on her Blockchain: Hype or Hope? when it first appeared in the print edition of Usenix ;login:. Now it is freely available online a more detailed look is timely.
After a detailed but clear description of how the Bitcoin blockchain works she poses four questions asking what is innovative about it:
Is It Having a "Ledger"? Perlman writes:
Blockchain's "ledger" is an append-only log that needs to be kept in its entirety, and needs to be world-readable and world-writable. Very few applications really want these properties. Much more flexible databases have of course existed for a long time
Bitcoin Blockchain Size
Is It Replicating the Data? Each miner in a blockchain needs access to the entire chain; successful blockchain applications like Bitcoin observe the Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe principle. But they go way beyond the point of diminishing returns, and each copy is quite big (currently over 150GB and growing rapidly), so the current Bitcoin implementation is both unsustainable and incapable of scaling to compete with Visa and Mastercard (see If we lived in a Bitcoin future, how big would the blockchain have to be? by Subhan Nadeem).
There are estimated to be 577*109 non-cash transactions in 2018. At 250 bytes per basic transaction, 2018 would add around 144TB to the blockchain size. There are currently about 10K reachable Bitcoin nodes (I'll ignore the perhaps fifteen times as many unreachable nodes). Assuming each reachable node has a copy, 2018 would consume about 1500 EB of new storage. Unfortunately, in 2017 the world only built about half that amount of disk. Replication isn't innovative, and the blockchain's way of doing it isn't scalable.
Is It Being "Immutable"? Perlman writes:
The term immutable means the data cannot be modified. The term "immutable ledger" isn't quite true. The data can certainly be modified, but the assumption is that there is an integrity check that can be used to detect whether the data has been modified. Blockchain did not invent the concept of an integrity check, just the concept of a horrendously expensive-to-compute integrity check. Traditional cryptography has long known about easy-to-compute integrity checks that are computationally infeasible to forge.
In any case, immutability renders the technology unsuited to most real-life applications, for example anything storing personally identifiable information under GDPR, anything to which unauthenticated users can upload illegal content such as child porn, or indeed routine financial transactions. Fortunately, as Perlman points out, in practice blockchains are not immutable:
Forks can occur, starting from, say, block N, where multiple different subsequent blocks N+1 and further might be found. The hope is that this situation would be resolved quickly, because a miner seeing two different valid chains will only accept the longer one. However, a fork can persist for a long time if there were an Internet partition, or if the gossip network connecting the miners got partitioned, due to some highly connected node going down, perhaps. Also, if there were any incompatibility in code, such that a transaction looked valid in one version of the code and invalid in a different version, then the miners running different versions will ignore each other's chains. This situation actually occurred in 2013. If blockchain were truly decentralized, then this situation would be permanent. However, there are a few people who really are paying attention and in charge, and after the fork in 2013, they decided which version of the blockchain should live.
Is It Being Decentralized? The example above, and the graphs of mining pool power, show that Bitcoin hasn't actually been decentralized since at least 2013. There are two fundamental problems with decentralized systems. Firstly, as I've been pointing out for nearly four years, Economies of Scale in Peer-to-Peer Systems mean that they can be decentralized or successful, but not both. Secondly, as Vitalik Buterin (a co-founder of Ethereum), writes in The Meaning of Decentralization:
In the case of blockchain protocols, the mathematical and economic reasoning behind the safety of the consensus often relies crucially on the uncoordinated choice model, or the assumption that the game consists of many small actors that make decisions independently. If any one actor gets more than 1/3 of the mining power in a proof of work system, they can gain outsized profits by selfish-mining. However, can we really say that the uncoordinated choice model is realistic when 90% of the Bitcoin network's mining power is well-coordinated enough to show up together at the same conference?
The security of a blockchain depends upon an assumption that is impossible to verify in the real world (and by Murphy's Law is therefore false). Fortunately, in the real world there is a much simpler solution. Perlman writes:
Blockchain is an append-only log. If all that were needed was an append-only log, and an application (e.g., a consortium of banks) wished to collaborate on maintaining the log, a very simple solution would be to have an entry signed by any of the trusted parties in the consortium appended to the log. To handle Byzantine failures (where a minority of the entities in the consortium might become untrustworthy), the simple solution would be to require an entry to be signed by a majority of the consortium before it is appended to the log. So the novel part of Blockchain is having a consortium of unknown entities maintain the ledger.
Trusting that the majority of a set of unknown entities are not colluding is a pretty shaky basis for any system.
Nicholas Weaver
On April 20th Nicholas Weaver of ICSI and UC Berkeley gave a talk in the I-school entitled Blockchains and Cryptocurrencies: Burn It With Fire (start at 3:00). It is well worth watching. One comment I particularly liked was:
The interesting problem with Ponzi schemes and with bubbles is the first winners become cheerleaders and they kind of propel the bubble.
Weaver contributed Risks of Cryptocurrencies to Peter Neumann's Risks column in this month's Communications of the ACM. It covers much of the same ground in a more formal way. After explaining the fundamental problems involved in using an irreversible, highly volatile, and fundamentally deflationary "currency" for payments, he identifies four classes of risk posed by cryptocurrencies:
Individual Technical Risks: Weaver identifies two of them, malware and bugs. For malware, he uses the theft of their honeypot's Bitcoin:
If security experts can't safely keep cryptocurrencies on an Internet-connected computer, nobody can. If Bitcoin is the "Internet of money," what does it say that it cannot be safely stored on an Internet connected computer?
For bugs, his examples are the DAO heist, and the Parity Wallet fiasco, both resulting from code written by experts in the field.
Individual Economic Risks: Weaver discusses a range of fraudulent activity, such as ICOs and Ponzi schemes, trading on the gullibility of cryptocurrency enthusiasts:
Even explicitly advertised Ponzi schemes see significant activity, such as the "Proof of Weak Hands', a Ponzi scheme implemented as an Ethereum smart contract. More than $1 million in notional value flowed into the scheme in the space of a few hours before the flow stabilized. Two days later, one bug froze the scheme (making withdraws impossible) before a second bug enabled a thief to take all the value.
Systemic Risks: Weaver's list of risks posed to the whole cryptocurrency systems is:
The entire cryptocurrency environment also faces systemic risks including worms, exchanges, central authorities, and government intervention.
Worms can propagate through vulnerabilities in P2P systems very rapidly, exchanges routinely lose customer's funds and manipulate the market, central authorities such as the core developers routinely fork their chains to "fix bugs", and governments don't appear yet to have effectively used their regulatory or technical capabilities such as:
The limited transaction capability can be exploited by a government purchasing a quantity of Bitcoin, and then creating useless transactions. The goal of such a spam campaign would not be simply to clog the network, but also to generate responding spam filters. As the spam campaign continues, the goal becomes to tune the spam so that the filters cause false positives. How can a cryptocurrency work if a non-trivial fraction of legitimate transactions are blocked by spam filters?
That's an interesting question but it is important to observe that competition for the limited number of transactions per block means that, even without false positives in transaction spam filters, transactions can be delayed for long periods or even fail to be confirmed.
Risks to Society: Weaver focuses on the risk that an anonymous cryptocurrency that was an effective means of exchange would greatly increase the bandwidth of crime:
The only reason why the online drug markets remained small (approximately $1M a day in sales despite existing for half a decade) is that Bitcoin and the other cryptocurrencies are like the classic corrupt poker game; yes, it's rigged, but it's the only game in town. A cryptocurrency that actually offered both real anonymity and acted as a store of value (eliminating the need to constantly shift between dollars) would see an explosion in this market.
But such uses would not be limited to criminal-to-criminal transactions but would also act as a vehicle for extortion. The first ransomware epidemic a few years ago offered a choice to victims, either Green Dot or Bitcoin, with almost every victim using the much easier Green Dot, ... How much greater would the current ransomware epidemic be if it was easy for victims to pay? How much other criminal extortion would target ordinary citizens?
Daniel Genkin et al
The same issue of CACM carries Privacy in Decentralized Cryptocurrencies by Daniel Genkin, Dimitrios Papadopoulos and Charalampos Papamanthou. They have definitely drunk the blockchain KoolAid, because they start by making two (parenthesized) claims that are false:
Apart from its other benefits (decentralized architecture, small transaction fees, among others), Bitcoin's design attempts to provide some level of "pseudonymity" by not directly publishing the identities of the participating parities.
BTC "market cap"
When people see graphs showing a "market cap" of $323B it is natural to assume that the underlying technology is a "success" and that it got to be a "success" by delivering on its promised "benefits". But Bitcoin has delivered on precisely none of the goals that Nakamoto set for it. In practice, it isn't trustless, it isn't a medium of exchange, it isn't secure, it isn't anonymous, it isn't decentralized and the transaction fees make micropayments impossible. Lets look at Genkin et al's "other benefits".
First, "decentralized architecture" would only be a benefit if the implementation of the architecture was actually decentralized. None of the actual major cryptocurrencies can claim to be decentralized; Bitcoin hasn't been in the past 5 years. As David Vorick wrote a year ago in Choosing ASICs for Sia:
Ultimately you only need about 5 mining pools to get 51% of the hashrate in Bitcoin, and 10 to hit 75%. ... The story is actually a bit worse in Ethereum — 3 pools control more than 60% of the hashrate, and 6 pools will get you over 85%.
Note that the security of these blockchains rests on the unverifiable assumption that these pools are not secretly collaborating. David Gerard points to this table of the cost of a 1-hour 51% attack on a range of cryptocurrencies. Note that only Bitcoin and Ethereum among cryptocurrencies with "market cap" over $100M would cost more than $100K to attack. The total "market cap" of these 8 currencies is $271.71B and the total cost to 51% attack them all is $1.277M or 0.000047% of their market cap.
Median transaction fee
Second, "small transaction fees" are only small at times when few people want to transact. From August 2017 through February 2018 the median fee was never less than $0.70. From mid-December through mid-February, when many people wanted to transact, the median fee was never less than $10 and peaked over $30.
Average cost per Transaction
But even that isn't the real cost to transact. Miners are rewarded for mining a block of transactions with newly minted Bitcoin. These newly minted coins dilute the value of the existing coins, and this dilution must be amortized over the transactions in the block. Thus the average real cost of a transaction is the miner's revenue (reward plus fees) divided by the number of transactions. This graph shows that this hasn't been less than $50 since mid-November, and it peaked at $162. These are not "small transaction fees".
Despite the KoolAid, Genkin et al provide a clear description of the privacy problems of the Bitcoin protocol, including the ability to analyze the transaction graph to link payment addresses, the connection between payment addresses and IP addresses:
most Bitcoin client implementations can be configured to run over an anonymous Tor proxy, hiding the participants' [IP] addresses. Unlike what one might expect, this approach does not solve the problem. Subsequent work has demonstrated how the interaction between Bitcoin and Tor can be exploited by an adversary who not only compromises user privacy (negating the anonymizing effect of the latter) but can also launch a stealthy man-in-the-middle attack, targeting the security of the Bitcoin protocol itself.
We stress the gap between anonymity as a property of the cryptocurrency protocol execution and "real-world anonymity." For example, when one uses a cryptocurrency to purchase goods or services from a vendor they must provide the latter with certain personal information (identity for registration, physical address for delivery, email for purchase confirmation, and so on). Thus, the vendor can trivially link the public key with its owner, in a strong sense. Moreover, this information may be extracted by others (for example, in case the vendor is hacked or a government agency issues a subpoena). Combined with "Know-your-Customer" anti-money laundering policies that enforce the collection of such data (like the one included in the USA Patriot Act of 2001) this can seriously compromise the privacy of cryptocurrency users.
They go on to describe the two approaches to improving privacy, mixing and alternative crytocurrencies. The descriptions are useful but in both cases effective privacy involves one or both of assumptions that are impossible to verify in the real world, and/or cryptographic protocols so complex as to be unlikely to be implemented or executed perfectly. They conclude:
We believe our exposition so far indicates there is no general consensus regarding a technique for anonymous cryptocurrencies.
and identify four open problems:
"there is no de facto unified privacy definition that would allow a fair comparison of different proposals"
"cryptocurrencies that achieve the strong anonymity levels of Zerocash but without the need for a sensitive trusted setup phase and without relying on the non- falsifiable cryptographic assumptions inherent to zk-SNARKs"
"scalability; for any privacy solution to be widely used in practice, it must not only protect the users' anonymity but also be able to scale to realistic numbers of users and transactions."
"increased user privacy may raise concerns, such as users participating in illegal activities or facilitating various cryptographic ransomware."
So even those cryptocurrency enthusiasts who understand the details can only work up much enthusiasm for cryptocurrency privacy if it is treated as an unsolved research problem.
Update: Adem Efe Gencer et al
In Decentralization in Bitcoin and Ethereum Adem Efe Gencer, Soumya Basu, Ittay Eyal, Robbert van Renesse, and Emin Gün Sirer actually measure decentralization:
Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies have demonstrated how to securely implement traditionally centralized systems, such as currencies, in a decentralized fashion. However, there have been few measurement studies on the level of decentralization they achieve in practice. We present a measurement study on various decentralization metrics of two of the leading cryptocurrencies with the largest market capitalization and user base, Bitcoin and Ethereum.
They summarize the paper on the Hacking, Distributed blog. A key point is:
Both Bitcoin and Ethereum mining are very centralized, with the top four miners in Bitcoin and the top three miners in Ethereum controlling more than 50% of the hash rate.
The entire blockchain for both systems is determined by fewer than 20 mining entities [4]. While traditional Byzantine quorum systems operate in a different model than Bitcoin and Ethereum, a Byzantine quorum system with 20 nodes would be more decentralized than Bitcoin or Ethereum with significantly fewer resource costs. Of course, the design of a quorum protocol that provides open participation, while fairly selecting 20 nodes to sequence transactions, is non-trivial.
The last comment relates to work we published nearly 15 years ago. Note [4] makes an important point:
Of course, some of these entities are pools. And some people will claim that pools provide decentralization, because they are composed of multiple independent actors. This argument is incorrect for a few reasons: (1) we retrospectively examine the historical record, and at the time of that particular block's commitment to the blockchain, there was a de facto, undeniable agreement among the pool members to act in unison, now recorded on the blockchain, (2) perhaps the pool members would leave if the pool engaged in activities that damage the currency, but this has historically not happened, to the point where a pool exceeded 51% of the hash power, (3) even if pool members were motivated to leave their pool in the presence of unwanted behaviors (e.g. selective transaction censorship by the pool), their ability to do so depends on their ability to detect these behaviors, and most participants are not geared to detect them in the first place. In short, pools providing any level of decentralized decision making is more aspirational talk than a proven reality.
They don't point out that it is impossible to know whether the top four Bitcoin pools or the top three Ethereum pools are covertly colluding.
Posted by David. at 8:00 AM
Labels: bitcoin
@mattblaze sums it up.
See also Why a Blockchain-Powered World Is Still a Long Way Away: 11 Blockchain Experts on the Challenges Ahead by Saoirse Kerrigan.
Some detailed decentralization numbers from Gencer et al:
"in Bitcoin, the weekly mining power of a single entity has never exceeded 21% of the overall power. In contrast, the top Ethereum miner has never had less than 21% of the mining power. Moreover, the top four Bitcoin miners have more than 53% of the average mining power. On average, 61% of the weekly power was shared by only three Ethereum miners. ... only two Bitcoin and three Ethereum miners ever held the top rank. The same mining pool has been at the top rank for 29% of the time in Bitcoin and 14% of the time in Ethereum. Over 50% of the mining power has exclusively been shared by eight miners in Bitcoin and five miners in Ethereum throughout the observed period. Even 90% of the mining power seems to be controlled by only 16 miners in Bitcoin and only 11 miners in Ethereum. Hence, both platforms rely heavily on very few distinct mining entities to maintain the blockchain."
The authors note that incentives for miners to obscure their activities mean that their measurements may well be under-estimates of centralization:
"For instance, two major mining pools, Ethpool and Ethermine, publicly reveal that they share the same admin [47]. Thus, any analysis based on the voluntary miner data skews toward a more decentralized network than the reality."
As usual, Eric Hellman is right:
"It's not that blockchain for libraries couldn't work, it's that blockchain for libraries would be evil. Let me explain. ... I think library technology should not be enabling consensus on the basis of wealth or power rather than thought and discussion. That would be evil."
"As I talk to the cryptoadvocates and read their work, I increasingly get the impression that they are not motivated by a rational analysis of the world but rather by an almost religious belief that cryptocurrencies will both change the world and make them really, really rich. Any counterargument threatens that worldview, to be dismissed like fake news. Discussing cryptocurrencies becomes akin to debating religion with the devout.
Cryptoadvocacy is just one form of prosperity gospel." writes John Danielsson (OK, an economist not a cryptographer) in Cryptocurrencies are lousy investments. His analysis of three possible futures for cryptocurrencies is worth reading.
"People who purchase the CVL token, a form of cryptocurrency, will have a say concerning the projects hosted by Civil — meaning that they can vote on whether one of its websites violates the company's journalism standards, which are outlined in the Civil Constitution.
Matthew Iles, the chief executive of Civil, said that by selling ownership stakes to the public, the company seeks to eliminate the possibility of one company or a small group of investors exerting power and influence over a journalistic organization and compromising its mission — exactly what many employees of the Denver Post accused Alden of doing." from Goodbye, Denver Post. Hello, Blockchain by Jaclyn Pelser at the New York Times.
Obviously, these people haven't looked at either the performance of cryptocurrencies since last December (number go up, not so much) or the Gini coefficient of cryptocurrency HODL-ing.
"In a withering 24-page article released Sunday as part of its annual economic report, the BIS said Bitcoin and its ilk suffered from "a range of shortcomings" that would prevent cryptocurrencies from ever fulfilling the lofty expectations that prompted an explosion of interest -- and investment -- in the would-be asset class.
The BIS, an 88-year-old institution in Basel, Switzerland, that serves as a central bank for other central banks, said cryptocurrencies are too unstable, consume too much electricity, and are subject to too much manipulation and fraud to ever serve as bona fide mediums of exchange in the global economy. It cited the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies -- Bitcoin and its imitators are created, transacted, and accounted for on a distributed network of computers -- as a fundamental flaw rather than a key strength." from Bitcoin Could Break the Internet, Central Bank Overseer Says by Edward Robinson at Bloomberg.
The BIS report is well worth reading.
The Economic Limits Of Bitcoin And The Blockchain by Eric Budish is an important analysis of the economics of two kinds of attack on Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies:
- A "51% attack", such as those on Bitcoin Gold and other alt-coins. Providing an economic disincentive requires limiting the rate at which value is transacted.
- A "sabotage" attack, in which short-sellers discredit the cryptocurrency. Preventing this requires conditions in the market for mining ASICs, and in the cryptocurrency market, which seem unlikely to persist.
I hope to review this paper in a full post shortly.
"Security researchers have found, on average, five security flaws in each cryptocurrency ICO (Initial Coin Offering) held last year. Only one ICO held in 2017 did not contain any critical flaws.
According to Positive.com, a security firm specialized in ICO security audits, most of the vulnerabilities they found, they discovered in the smart contracts at the base of the ICO itself."
"Researchers also say that all the mobile apps ICO organizers have launched in 2017 contained security flaws. The good news is that not all ICO organizers have released mobile apps, but those who did, did not invest in securing it against attacks.
The Positive.com team says it identified more vulnerabilities in ICO mobile apps than in ICO official web applications.
Experts say the most common flaws in mobile apps are the use of insecure data transfer methods, storage of user data in phone backups, and disclosure of session IDs that an attacker could capture and use against the user."
From Catalin Cimpanu's Researchers: Last Year's ICOs Had Five Security Vulnerabilities on Average. Note also:
"A previous study also found that 81% of recent ICOs were scams, which might explain why most ICO organizers didn't bother with security."
'[Special Agent in Charge Angel] Melendez emphasized that the open nature of the blockchain made it difficult to hide drug money. "The biggest selling point for the blockchain is that it's transparent. Everybody can see it. And we can see it, too."' Melendez was announcing that:
"More than 40 alleged dark-web drug dealers have been arrested as part of a sweeping federal effort described by the Department of Justice as "the first nationwide undercover operation targeting dark net vendors." The core of the operation was an online money-laundering business seized by agents from Homeland Security Investigations and operated as a sting for over a year. By offering cash for bitcoin, HSI agents were able to identify specific drug dealers, ultimately tracing more than $20 million in drug-linked cryptocurrency transactions."
The privacy of Bitcoin's blockchain isn't as good as dark web businesses would like to think, especially because you can't buy your Lamborghini or pretty much anything else with Bitcoin. You need "fiat currency" and the act of conversion is really had to anonymize.
"Bancor, which lost $23.5 million in tokens on Monday — $12.5 million ETH, $1 million Pundi X (NPXS) and $10 million Bancor Network Tokens (BNT). They'd left administrative backdoors in the smart contract, and the thieves used those" reports David Gerard.
Udi Wertheimer wrote about the "administrative backdoors" a week after Bancor raised ~$150M:
"I took some time to read many of the materials published by Bancor, including its smart contract code. I was absolutely astonished by some of the things I found, including what I consider dangerous backdoors.
In this report, I will detail my findings, including the team's ability to take anyone's tokens arbitrarily."
Because Bancor inserted "adminstrative backdoors" that gave them complete control over the "smart contract", they have the following capabilities:
All transactions using the BNT token can be disabled by the team at any time for any reason
The team can issue new tokens at any time
the team can DESTROY any tokens FROM ANY ACCOUNT, at any time
And, it now turns out:
the ability to replace contract logic arbitrarily, and the ability to withdraw ETH from the contract.
That's some serious centralization.
Not a cryptographer, but an (Nobel prize winning) economist. In Transaction Costs and Tethers: Why I'm a Crypto Skeptic Paul Krugman is as skeptical of cryptocurrencies as the cryptographers. His graph, showing that the stock of $20 and smaller bills has been a small but steadily falling fraction of US GDP, whereas the stock of $50s and $100s has been rapidly rising and is now much larger is fascinating. As he points out, these bills, like BTC, aren't really used for legal transactions, and are mainly a store of value in the underground economy. They're just much more stable and liquid than BTC.
Cryptocurrencies Have Limits
Rate limits
Software Heritage Archive Goes Live
The Four Most Expensive Words in the English Language
No-one could have predicted ...
The Island of Misfit Toys


text:
Q:  width not working with inline styles I am not able to set the width properties on the  cells in the following table, and I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around why. I've tried using both literal width="100" and inline styles width: 100px & max-width: 100px, but for some reason certain cells are automatically generating widths that are wider than the img element they contain.
I'm just trying to limit the width of each td to the width of the img inside it, so that each row is the same width and the images align.
For context - this is a table containing image "slices" from photoshop. The inline styles are necessary because this is for an email signature in Gmail and Outlook (I understand why that's generally a bad idea, but the client is boss on that point, and I'm only concerned with the table alignment in this question). I changed the table background color to lime to help with debugging.
Edit: I'm using a placeholder image here for the privacy of the client. I think the vertical "gaps" that were appearing between these images slices in Gmail have to do with the width of the table not being fixed. That's why I set the table-layout to fixed and was hoping that sizing each  to the image width and floating everything left would resolve the issue.

Edit #2:
I'm able to get closer by removing the fixed table layout altogether, but the cells are still slightly wider than the img inside them (note the green space to the right of each ):

A: I don't know if that fits your request, but in order to align those images i found ones that were creating the gap cause of larger td element and i set them to width: 100% (as in your example seems like 1px is added to td).
As you can see the strange table cell width remains but it is fully filled by images, so the "mosaic" image doesn't look like a mosaic.

A: According to your current code:
The vertical right-size green line is because on the row1 the image is 600 px wide and the table is 601 px wide, despite setting table width to 600, because the rows bellow are 601.
The vertical centered green line is because on row2 column 2 the image is 152 wide while below, on row3 the image is 153 wide.
The rest of the lines are 601 wide.
The bottom green line is because you set table height to 192 when it actually is 191.
I said "you" did this and that but maybe this is the way it was generated from photoshop!

A: Because your images have all different height and width it's very complicated (if not impossible) to set up a table with the right colspans and rowspans. It would be better to setup multiple tables. I know the code below is not completely perfect, but I hope this helps.
As you can see, you can leave out all of your height/width settings.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Catalineta, Sisi, Harlequin grunt, Grunts, Dogfish, Atlantic porkfish, Paragrate grunt.
The Porkfish is characterized by its yellowish head decorated by two dark bands. Its tail is decorated by a black spot and has a silver base while the lower body of the fish has yellow stripes. Younger fish display a different configuration of color with the front half yellow and the back half whitish.
Pork fish start off in their juvenile state as cleaner fish working in the reef. As they grow they become mixed with other schools of fish or can be found as singles. Similar to Grunts they rub their teeth together to make a grunting like sound that's amplified by air in their bladders. These fish can often be found in reefs or mixed in with schools in shallow water.
The Porkfish is a nocturnal hunter preferring invertebrates such as crustaceans, worms or mollusks.
Watch for sharp gill plates and spines on top. Can otherwise be handled with ease.


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Yes I support it. Specially sound quality of playing music is very low and not pleasant. Nokia made us fool in name of atom doubly sound. So nokiA should immediately fix it to regain customer trust about its product. Otherwise u make fool one time, but customer will make you many times.


For two years I've used Chasteberry on my mare Ali for her Cushing's and it's worked wonders. She's alert, loads of energy (she's 25 and runs around like a 5 year old), sheds out nicely every spring and not to mention the improvement of her feet (she had Laminitis, slightly turned years ago). She has the Cushing's belly but I think I can live with that. Just thought you might be interested.


Hastings Laminate & Stone specialise in creating custom tops to make your dreams a reality. We offer all laminates and specialise in engineered stone and Corian acrylic.
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The Cleveland International Piano Competition (CIPC) and the Canton Symphony Orchestra announced today that they will partner for the CIPC Young Artists Competition next year. Four finalists of the competition, two in the Junior Division and two in the Senior Division, will perform with the Orchestra under the direction of Maestro Gerhardt Zimmermann to determine the final rankings. It is the first time the Canton Symphony will perform in Cleveland's University Circle area.
CIPC Young Artists is an international competition for pianists ages 12 through 18. The event will be held May 13-22, 2015 at Baldwin Wallace University in Berea, Ohio, with the final round taking place in Gartner Auditorium at the Cleveland Museum of Art on Friday, May 22, 2015. Contestants will participate in two age groups: Juniors (age 12 to 15) and Seniors (age 16 to 18).
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Founded in 1937, the Canton Symphony Orchestra is a fully professional ensemble and organization dedicated to performing concerts that enrich, educate and entertain. Under the direction of Gerhardt Zimmermann, the orchestra performs classical, pops, holiday, and educational programs.


The Producer – the individual who authorized data submission to Premier Crop in the first place. Producers only have access to their own individual data.
Premier Crop's Customer – the individual who actually submitted the individual data on behalf of the Producer.
Because we believe individual data belongs to the Producer, it will not be disclosed, sold, given away, or otherwise transferred without the Producer's written permission. Moreover, if a Producer requests that his or her data be removed from Premier Crop's system we can, and will, honor that request. We will not keep a copy of the data. Because we believe individual data is confidential, we will use reasonable precautions to safeguard its confidentiality. Because we believe that Producers and Customers also share in the responsibility to keep data confidential, we ask that you use reasonable precautions to safeguard the privacy of your password (and therefore your data). Contact us if you need us to deactivate your password and issue you a new one.
Premier Crop's Policy on Pooled Data. "Pooled data" consists of aggregated individual data. When a Producer authorizes submission of his or her data to Premier Crop through a Premier Crop Customer, he or she also authorizes the data to be pooled with that from other Producers and grants to Premier Crop the right to use and pool the data and disseminate the pooled data to Premier Crop Customers. Agronomic data and economic data (costs, etc.) is pooled with other like data sets from similar operations. A given Producer's individual data will, however, remain anonymous and identifying information, such as latitude/longitude values, Producer name, farm name , etc will be removed to maintain confidentiality. Pooled data is confidential and proprietary information. Pooled data carries with it additional and unique confidentiality and use concerns and restrictions. Unlimited or unauthorized disclosure of pooled data could be detrimental to the business and financial interests of Premier Crop and its Customers. This confidential information is a valuable and unique asset of Premier Crop and its Customers, providing them with a competitive advantage. Access to Pooled Data is Limited. Because of the confidential and proprietary nature of pooled data, only Premier Crop and its Customers will have access to it. A Producer who is entitled to, and desires to see and use, pooled data must do so through a Premier Crop Customer authorized to share the pooled data with that Producer. A Producer's access to pooled data is strictly for the Producer's own business purpose and Producers must agree not to disclose pooled data to others.


Huge Savings! Up to 20% off on Display & Curio Cabinets at Oxygen Salon and Spa. Top brands include Kings Brand Furniture. & Kings Brand Furniture. Hurry! Limited time offers. Offers valid only while supplies last.


BMW have announced a one off version of their M850i, the BMW M850i Night Sky Edition, the car gets a number of upgrades over the standard car.
The car was created by BMW's Individual Manufaktur team who work on bespoke BMW's for the company's customers.
The BMW Individual M850i Night Sky will be presented in the run-up to an exceptionally intense meteor shower expected to take place overnight from 3 – 4 January 2019. The show of shooting stars will begin when the Earth briefly passes through the orbit of the asteroid 2003 EH, during which time fragments from the asteroid will enter our planet's atmosphere and burn up. On rare occasions, smaller rocks in space penetrate our planet's protective shield and fall to Earth as meteorites. Some of these extra-terrestrial fragments have now been incorporated into the cabin of the BMW Individual M850i Night Sky.
By employing materials that are literally out of this world, BMW Individual Manufaktur has succeeded in giving the car unique and highly original aesthetic appeal and, in the process, pushed back the boundaries once again of what can be achieved when designing a car interior. The meteoritic rock adorns the whole of the centre console's trim plate, the start/stop button for the V8 engine, the selector lever for the eight-speed Steptronic transmission and the Touch Controller for the iDrive system, creating a visual and tactile effect unparalleled in the automotive sector. Inlays made from meteorite material have also been incorporated into the door sill finishers, together with an illuminated model badge. All of which ensures the BMW Individual M850i Night Sky embodies luxury and exclusivity at an unprecedented level.
You can find out more details about the BMW M850i Night Sky Edition over at BMW at the link below.


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Herpetogramma nymphalis is een vlinder uit de familie van de grasmotten (Crambidae), uit de onderfamilie van de Spilomelinae. De wetenschappelijke naam van deze soort is voor het eerst gepubliceerd in 2021 door Daniel Handfield en Louis Handfield.

De soort komt voor in Canada (Quebec).

nymphalis
Dier uit het Nearctisch gebied


A Box of 1000 Babes - Midnight Blue Software, Inc. Software Informer.
A Box of 1000 Babes. The most popular version of this product among our users is 3.0. The name of the program executable file is boxof1000babes.exe. The product will soon be reviewed by our informers.
You can check 3D Box Shot Maker, Kurzweil 1000, FP-1000 Utility and other related programs like CMT 1000 at the "download" section.


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[HanCinema's News] Lee Hak-joo to Appear in "Justice"
By William Schwartz on 2019/04/19 at 18:51 PST
Lee Hak-joo has been cast for the upcoming KBS drama "Justice". The news was revealed through Lee Hak-joo's agency, SM C&C.
"Justice" is about the interactions between the revenge driven lawyer Tae-kyeong (played by Choi Jin-hyuk) and the devil Woo-yong (played by Son Hyun-joo) who turned to evil for the sake of his family. They're driven into each other's company via a criminal investigation involving serial murder and disappearing persons.
Lee Hak-joo will take on the role of Detective Ma, a world-class Judo athlete. He has a representation as a savage detective but has a kind heart. Detective Ma is expected to be a part of the team investigating the crimes, which will be led by Yeon-ah (played by Nana).
Lee Hak-joo has had a long career of supporting roles in a wide variety of dramas and films. He's currently appearing in Korean movie theaters as the villain in "Watching", where he plays a security guard with an alarming stalker like crush on a woman who works in his building.
"Justice" is currently expected to begin airing in July. The drama is based on a popular Korean webtoon of the same name.
Written by William Schwartz
"Justice" is directed by Jo Woong, written by Jeong Chan-mi, and features Choi Jin-hyuk, Son Hyun-joo, Nana, Park Sung-hoon, Zuny, Lee Hak-joo. Broadcasting information in Korea: 2019/07~Upcoming, on KBS.
William Schwartz
Staff writer. Has been writing articles for HanCinema since 2012, having lived in South Korea since 2011. Started out in Gyeongju, then to Daegu, then to Ansan, then to Yeongju, then to Seoul, lived on the road for HanCinema's travel diaries series in the summer of 2016, and is currently settled in Anyang. Has good tips for utilizing South Korea's public bus system. William Schwartz can be contacted via william@hancinema.net.
Copy & paste guideline for this article
Always put a link back to the source and HanCinema permalink
"[HanCinema's News] Lee Hak-joo to Appear in "Justice""
by HanCinema is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
(저스티스 - 2019)
(왓칭 - 2019)
[HanCinema's News] How Joo Jin-mo Met his Future Wife
Following news of Joo Jin-mo's imminent marriage, many have wondered how Joo Jin-mo met his bride ,...More
[HanCinema's News] Hong Sang-soo and Kim Min-hee's Films Suffer Popularity Drop
Hong Sang-soo and his girlfriend Kim Min-hee are beginning to suffer diminishing returns at the bo,...More
[HanCinema's News] Yoon Ji-oh Announces Candlelight Vigil for Departed Jang Ja-yeon
On April 18th Yoon Ji-oh announced on Instagram that she was personally facilitating a candlelight,...More


Sweet! In August I got together with a fabulous group of women to create a "Goddess Chant" for #ProjectELECTRICO on the fly. Our session was at Veneto West studios in Los Angeles with Producer, Ronan Chris Murphy, and Engineer Diego Lopez, led by Vocal Empowerment Coach, Dot Todman.
Thank you to Ronan and Diego for hosting. Thank you to Dot for leading our Goddess Chant. Thank you to Arthur for making our video. Thank you to all the lovely Goddesses (Megan, Casey, Shazieh, Rocio, Natasia) who participated in mind, soul, body, and voice.


All of these eggs are completely harmless for your computer. They are just a bit of fun. The most you will need to do to restore your program back to its original state is to close it and start it up again.
Pinball that comes with Windows is a fun and challenging pinball game. To work your way through all the missions is practically impossible as there are so many of them. There is an easier way which will have you climbing up the scoreboard very quickly.
This Easter Egg will let you control the ball with your mouse. You can drag the ball onto any bumpers and up any ramps. I assume this egg was originally placed in the program for testing, but it was never removed.
You can now drag the ball anywhere you want with your mouse, clocking up that score you were never able to achieve in the past.
Solitaire is a great time waster. It can be hard to finish, but there is a way that you can see the waterfall of cards and finish the game without getting red eye fever.
If you wait for 30 seconds before pressing the key combination, you will get huge scores next to your name in the High Score table.
Winamp has a number of Easter Eggs built in. Nullsoft must spend hours making them. Today we will look at a couple related to the beats visualisations. I think these will work in any version 5 variation. The skin may need to be changed though.
Winamp – Bento Skin: Make the window change opacity according to the beat.
Winamp – Modern Skin: Watch two llamas head bang to your music.
It's a little tricky to find the right spot. You may need to click a few times.
Winamp has many more Easter Eggs. This is just a small sample, read on to find out where you can find more.
The folks at Google have a sense of humour. They have a wide variety of searches that bring up amusing results. They used to have more than they have now, but many have been removed. There is still plenty of value to be found. I won't tell you what this one does. Try it for yourself.
Even a program as small as Notepad can have an Easter egg embedded within it.
I was surprised when I came across this one.
I hope you have enjoyed playing with a few of these easter eggs.
I sourced all of these eggs from eeggs.com. It is a site full of eggs that can be found in movies, games and software. There are thousands of eggs listed. I have spent hours on their site over the years.
Happy Easter from Inspect My Gadget. Please take care over the break and enjoy this great celebration.
Friday Fun: Trick wallpaper desktop.


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English Main navigation
EU calls for new truce in Aleppo to allow in humanitarian aid
Published October 26th, 2016 - 08:00 GMT
EU's High representative for foreign affairs and security policy Federica Mogherini arrives for an European Union leaders summit on October 20, 2016 at the European Council, in Brussels. (AFP/Thierry Carlier)
The European Union has once again called for a truce in Aleppo for humanitarian aid to reach the war-torn city
A joint statement on the issue was published by High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Federica Mogherini and European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management Christos Stylianides on late Tuesday.
"At the end of the humanitarian pause declared by Russia in Aleppo, no agreement has been reached on the medical evacuation of wounded civilians and the delivery of aid, in spite of continuous efforts by the EU, UN and all humanitarian actors on the ground," read the statement.
Mogherini and Stylianides said thousands of residents are in need of urgent humanitarian assistance.
"On 21 October, the European Council invited us to continue pursuing the emergency humanitarian initiative. We therefore reiterate the urgency to allow humanitarian deliveries in parallel with the evacuation of the injured civilians, in accordance with international humanitarian law. This must be done while ensuring the safety and security of humanitarian and health care personnel during aid delivery and medical evacuation," the European officials said.
"We call on the Syrian authorities and their allies to renew the humanitarian pause in Aleppo and to issue the facilitation letters to allow the inter-agency convoy as planned in the UN October aid delivery plan," they added.
Mogherini and Stylianides said all parties "must demonstrate unequivocally a genuine commitment to allow humanitarian aid operations" to address the urgent needs of Syrian civilians.
"All Syrians in dire need, whoever they are, have the basic right to receive lifesaving assistance," the statement said. "All parties to the conflict should stop the shelling of civilian areas and medical structures in Aleppo city."
"Deliberate attacks against civilians, including humanitarian and health care personnel, and against civilian and medical infrastructure, are clear violations of international humanitarian law and may constitute war crimes," it added.
"There is no military solution to the Syrian civil war," the statement said.
Since Sept. 19, when the Bashar al-Assad regime announced the end of a weeklong truce sponsored by Washington and Moscow, Syrian and Russian warplanes have pounded opposition-held parts of Aleppo.
Scores of civilians have reportedly been killed or injured in the attacks, which remain ongoing.
Syria has been locked in a vicious civil war since early 2011, when the Assad regime cracked down on pro-democracy protests -- which erupted as part of the "Arab Spring" uprisings -- with unexpected ferocity.
Tags:WashingtonAleppoMoscowHumanitarian AidCrisis Management Christos StylianidesEuropean CouncilEuropean UnionUnited NationsUnion for Foreign AffairsChristos StylianidesFederica Mogherini
Via SyndiGate.info
© Copyright Andolu Ajansi
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The Full Frame Initiative is a social change organization that partners with pioneering organizations, systems and communities across the country to fundamentally shift their focus from fixing problems to fostering wellbeing–the needs and experiences essential for health and hope. Together, we are creating possibilities for lasting change in people's lives and sparking a broader movement that replaces poverty, violence, trauma and oppression with wellbeing and justice.
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Q: Child thread not seeing updates made by main thread I'm implementing a SparkHealthListener by extending SparkListener class.
@Component
class ClusterHealthListener extends SparkListener with Logging {
  val appRunning = new AtomicBoolean(false)
  val executorCount = new AtomicInteger(0)

  override def onApplicationStart(applicationStart: SparkListenerApplicationStart) = {
    logger.info("Application Start called .. ")
    this.appRunning.set(true)
    logger.info(s"[appRunning = ${appRunning.get}]")
  }

  override def onExecutorAdded(executorAdded: SparkListenerExecutorAdded) = {
    logger.info("Executor add called .. ")
    this.executorCount.incrementAndGet()
    logger.info(s"[executorCount = ${executorCount.get}]")
  }
}

appRunning and executorCount are two variables declared in ClusterHealthListener class. ClusterHealthReporterThread will only read the values.
@Component
class ClusterHealthReporterThread @Autowired() (healthListener: ClusterHealthListener) extends Logging {
  new Thread {
    override def run(): Unit = {
      while (true) {
          Thread.sleep(10 * 1000)
          logger.info("Checking range health")
          logger.info(s"[appRunning = ${healthListener.appRunning.get}] [executorCount=${healthListener.executorCount.get}]"
      }
    }
  }.start()
}

ClusterHealthReporterThread is always reporting the initialized values regardless of the changes made to the variable by main thread? What am I doing wrong? Is this because I inject healthListener to ClusterHealthReporterThread?
Update
I played around a bit and looks like it has something to do with the way i initiate spark listener.
If I add the spark listener like this
val sparkContext = SparkContext.getOrCreate(sparkConf)
sparkContext.addSparkListener(healthListener)

Parent thread will show appRunning as 'false' always but shows executor count correctly. Child thread (health reporter) will also show proper executor counts but appRunning was always reporting 'false' like that of the main thread.
Then I stumbled across this Why is SparkListenerApplicationStart never fired? and tried setting listener at the spark config level,
.set("spark.extraListeners", "HealthListener class path")
If I do this, main thread will report 'true' for appRunning and will report correct executor counts but child thread will always report 'false' and '0' value for executors.

A: I can't immediately see what's wrong here, you might have found an interesting edge case.
I think @m4gic's comment might be correct, that the logging library is perhaps caching that interpolated string? It looks like you are using https://github.com/lightbend/scala-logging which claims that this interpolation "has no effect on behavior", so maybe not. Please could you follow his suggestion to retry without using that feature and report back?
A second possibility: I wonder if there is only one ClusterHealthListener in the system? Perhaps the autowiring is causing a second instance to be created? Can you log the object ids of the ClusterHealthListener reference in both locations and verify that they are the same object?
If neither of those suggestions fix this, are you able to post a working example that I can play with?


East Williston, New York is the 6,684th largest city in the United States as of 2017.
East Williston, New York is a village.
East Williston, New York is as large as it has ever been. In 2017 East Williston had its largest population ever.
East Williston, New York's growth is about average. 45% of similarly sized cities are growing faster since 2000.


The first round of the Up and Running sponsored Winter Walking League is taking place on Sunday 30th October at the NSC perimeter roadway with signing on at the Manx Harriers clubhouse from 9.15 am, racing commencing at 10 am.
Round one is scratch (everyone starts together) handicaps for subsequent rounds are then calculated and are either started on handicap (slowest starts first) or sealed handicap when all start together and handicaps are added after racing. The winner of the League is the highest point scorer with three of the five rounds to count.
Please note that earphones must NOT be worn on open roads rounds and the wearing of high viz clothing on open roads courses is also mandatory.
Volunteers to fill in marshaling and lap recording duties are required so please contact or text Liz Corran on 473340 if you feel you are able to help out with either.


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Despite Possible Innocence and Intellectual Disability, Alabama Intends to Execute Rocky Myers
(pictured) may be innocent and intellectually disabled. His jury did not think he should be sentenced to die. Alabama intends to execute him anyway. Myers' case is rife with legal issues, but he received no federal court review because his appellate lawyer abandoned him without notice, letting the filing deadline for challenging Myers' conviction and death sentence expire. In a recent feature story in The Nation, reporter Ashoka Mukpo tells the story of how the intellectually-disabled Myers was convicted and sentenced to death for the 1991 murder of his neighbor, Ludie Mae Tucker, even after his jury recommended 9-3 that he should be sentenced to life.
Mukpo reports that the prosecution evidence against Myers was problematic. Two informants initially told police that, on the night of the murder, another man—Anthony "Cool Breeze" Ballentine— had traded a VCR stolen from Tucker's house for crack cocaine. Another witness corroborated their story, informing police that she had seen Ballentine, wearing a white shirt stained with blood, run into an alley near Tucker's house. Weeks later, another man, Marzell Ewing, who had known Ballentine for 30 years, came forward to claim a reward for information about the murder. He told police he'd seen a short, stocky man near the crime scene, carrying the stolen VCR. After his statement, the original informants changed their stories, naming Myers as the man who had traded the VCR for drugs. Myers later admitted that he had found the VCR in an alley next to his house—a common drop spot for stolen goods. Because of his intellectual disability, Myers was unable to tell police when he had found the VCR, leading police to conclude he was lying. In 2004, Ewing recanted his story. In a signed statement, he revealed that a detective had offered to eliminate the record of a prior arrest if Ewing testified against Myers. Ewing's statement admitted that his testimony was "not truthful. I did not see who brought the VCR to the shot house that night."
Other evidence also suggested Myers is innocent. Before she died, Tucker was able to describe her assailant to the police and the clothing he was wearing. Although Tucker knew Myers, she did not identify him as her attacker. Multiple witnesses testified at Myers' s trial that he had been wearing a dark shirt the night of the murder, not the light shirt described by Tucker. No physical evidence linked Myers to the murder and none of the fingerprints found at the crime scene matched his. Mae Puckett, one of the jurors in Myers' case, said she and a few other jurors were not convinced of his guilt but felt pressured by the majority of the jury to vote for guilt. One white juror later spoke to Myers' defense team, referring to him as a "thug" and describing him with a racial slur. "I never thought for a moment that he did it," Puckett said, but she and the other jurors who doubted his guilt agreed to vote for convict if the jury would recommend a life sentence. Nonetheless, exercising a since-repealed power to override a jury's vote for life, the trial judge sentenced Myers to death.
After Myers was sentenced to death, a Tennessee attorney, Earle J. Schwarz, agreed to represent him pro bono in his post-conviction appeals. But when the state courts denied Myers' appeal, Schwarz never told Myers and never filed a federal habeas corpus petition, causing Myers to miss the federal filing deadline. "Mr. Schwarz decided that he could no longer represent Rocky, but unfortunately he just sat in a room and said that quietly to himself," said Kacey Keeton, who now represented Myers. "He didn't tell Rocky, he didn't call the courts and let them know, he didn't tell the prosecutors, he just quit doing anything." On behalf of Myers, Keeton is now seeking clemency from Governor Kay Ivey, Myers' last chance to avoid execution. "The fact that we are potentially executing a man who did not have his day in court because an attorney screwed up should give everybody pause," Keeton said.
Studies suggest that wrongful capital convictions are more likely in cases of judicial override or non-unanimous jury votes for death. Five of Alabama's six death row exonerations, involved either judicial override or non-unanimous jury votes for death In 2002, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty cannot be imposed on intellectually disabled defendants.
(Ashoka Mukpo, Alabama Is Going to Execute Rocky Myers. He Might Be Innocent., The Nation, February 19, 2019.) See Innocence, Intellectual Disability, and Arbitrariness.


Research Archives - Eric L. Garland, Ph.D.
Chronic pain is often treated with extended use of opioid analgesics, yet these drugs can alter the brain in ways that may make it difficult to cope with pain and may reduce the experience pleasure in life. Mindfulness-based interventions appear to be a promising means of addressing these issues, but research is needed to understand how such interventions change the brain to reduce suffering.
To that end, in September, 2016, I was recently awarded a five-year phased innovation grant from the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health entitled Effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Intervention on Endogenous Opioid Mechanisms of Hedonic Regulation in Chronic Pain (R61AT009296). The objective of the project is to study the effects of an innovative mindfulness-based intervention on brain mechanisms linked with pain and pleasure.
In the first two-year phase of the study ($800,000), I (Principal Investigator), along with my Co-Principal Investigator Jon-Kar Zubieta (Co-Principal Investigator), chair of the University of Utah's Department of Psychiatry, will use positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging to assess the effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) on restoring brain levels of endorphins in patients with chronic back pain who are being treated with prescription opioids.
This study represents the first use of PET in the history of science to quantify the effects of a mindfulness-based therapy on levels of endogenous opioids in the brain.
We will also use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods to assess how mindfulness training through MORE may increase people's capacity to savor natural pleasure from positive and meaningful events in everyday life – a capacity that becomes diminished over time through the deleterious effects of chronic pain and prolonged opioid use on the brain. We will use a fMRI paradigm developed by my Co-Investigator Brett Froeliger, Assistant Professor of Neuroscience at the Medical University of South Carolina.
This study aims to test whether MORE might reverse this insensitivity to natural reward by targeting the endogenous opioid system and brain reward functions.
Following a successful first phase of the project, a three-year second phase ($2.2 million) will investigate whether patients with a particular genetic makeup that affects the expression of opioid receptors in the brain might benefit more from the mindfulness-based treatment. The second phase of the project will also assess the dose of mindfulness skill practice as a predictor of changes in endogenous opioid function and clinical correlates.
Based on the results of previous research, we hypothesize that mindfulness meditation training through MORE will restore proper function to the brain's opioid receptors. We will be able to measure how MORE changes the brain's ability to regulate pain and respond to natural rewards, as well as deepen our understanding of exactly how these changes in neural mechanisms happen.
Overall, this project will unite expertise in mindfulness-based interventions with expertise in neurogenetics and the use of PET and fMRI to probe the neurobiological mechanisms of pain and emotional experience. By elucidating a key mechanism of meditation-based therapies, this program of translational research will further the emerging field of social work neuroscience and enable us to rapidly optimize MORE to increase the effectiveness of the intervention as it is rolled out in clinical practice.
Participants were shown two pictures (displayed either for 200 ms, or 2000 ms), side by side, on a computer screen, and were asked to "choose the side with the dot" by clicking a button on a keypad. The computer recorded their reaction times down to the millisecond. We found that, compared to non-dependent opioid users, opioid dependent people were significantly faster to choose the side with the dot when the dot replaced an opioid photo than when it replaced a neutral photo. This reaction time difference indicated that their attention was captivated by opioids. Also, the more they reported craving their opioid medication, the more their attention was biased towards the opioid photos. This effect was evident for cues presented for 200 ms (that's one-fifth of a second!), suggesting that this attentional bias occurred automatically, unconsciously, and before participants even had time to think about what they were doing.
So what does this research mean in terms of helping people with addiction and chronic pain? The study findings suggest that people who take opioids for chronic pain may develop an automatic tendency to be fixated on their medication, even when they don't want to be. This tendency might make it difficult to stop thinking about opioids, causing craving, distraction, or other kinds of disruption in life. It might even lead to taking more medication than is necessary, although the current research study cannot answer that question.
If future studies replicate these findings, the opioid attentional bias may be an important treatment target for people struggling with prescription opioid misuse and addiction. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) is designed to address attentional bias and may be particularly helpful in that regard. My preliminary research on MORE as a treatment for alcoholism found that MORE had a significant effect on attentional bias for alcohol cues. Research is currently underway to determine if MORE can have a similar effect on the opioid attentional bias.


The Consumer Price Index news release presents data from the Consumer Price Indexes program.
Data in archived news releases may have been revised in subsequent releases. The latest data, including any revisions, may be obtained from the databases accessible on the program homepage: Consumer Price Indexes: databases.
The current edition of the Consumer Price Index news release is always posted at www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm.
On September 28, 2000, the BLS released revised Consumer Price Indexes for January through August 2000. The All Items Index for the U.S. City Average was affected, as well as selected lower-level indexes. Note that the news releases below for January through August 2000 contain unrevised data.