In my last article I gave a little personal background on my decade of low-fat vegan dieting and how I believe it contributed to my ill-health, as well as gave you a bunch of reasons why fat is incredibly necessary for the optimal functioning of the human body. Here I have prepared a little guide on fats, as they apply to someone on the autoimmune protocol.
Saturated Fats are highly stable and are the best fats to use for cooking. All of the carbon atoms are saturated, which lends to their dense structure and being solid at room temperature. They are found in tropical oils and animal fats.
Monounsaturated Fats are moderately stable and best for cold applications. They are missing two hydrogen atoms and instead have one double bond between carbons, making them liquid at room temperature. Contrary to popular belief, monounsaturated fats should not be cooked with and should be kept in an opaque container away from any heat source. They are found in olives, avocados, nuts and their oils.
Polyunsaturated Fats are highly unstable because they have many missing hydrogens and lots of double bonds between carbon atoms. They are extremely reactive and oxidize when heated, exposed to light or improperly stored. They are found in seed oils like canola, cottonseed, soybean, safflower, sunflower, etc.
Since the autoimmune protocol cuts out processed foods, it is easy to avoid the industrial seed oils prevalent in our modern diet, but the one mistake I see a lot of people make is cooking with olive oil. You should always be cooking with a saturated fat. My favorite is coconut oil, but I also use tallow or lard frequently.
Quality is extremely important when you are looking at sourcing healthy fats for your pantry. It is very important to get fat from animals that have been raised organically and grass-fed or pastured. If you are purchasing tropical oils like coconut or palm, make sure to buy organic. For olive and avocado oils, make sure to purchase from a reputable company that cold-presses and stores their product in dark containers (monounsaturated fats are easily oxidized by heat and light).
What is your favorite way to incorporate healthy fats into your diet?
While I always cook in coconut oil, it's rather expensive and I already use quite a lot of coconut throughout the day. Variation is key, so you just inspired me to ask my local meat supplier for beef fat (from grass-fed animals) so I can render my own tallow and start cooking in it. Thanks!
Yes, I love switching it up! I also buy coconut oil by the gallon from Amazon… its much cheaper to find a bulk source and render your own though!
Can you explain further why you are so against cooking with olive oil? Its smoke point is actually a little higher than coconut oil: http://theconsciouslife.com/omega-3-6-9-ratio-cooking-oils.htm .
It isn't about the smoke point – olive oil is mostly monounsaturated fat, which means that it is less stable than a saturated fat because the carbons are not all saturated with hydrogen (which means that it has more unstable points to react with other substances and "oxidize").
Olive oil should be cold pressed and kept in an opaque bottle in order to stay fresh. I use it in salads and to drizzle over dishes after they have been cooked, but I never cook with it.
It probably isn't a huge deal for quick low-heat cooking, but I don't want to take the chance eating a rancid fat, especially with autoimmunity. Especially if digestion is compromised (i.e. leaky gut), those rancid fat molecules can really do a number on the immune system.
WHFoods also exaggerated the stovetop frying temperatures as being 375-525, when 350 is standard. Since they were wrong on those basics, I do question some of their conclusions. Here's an alternate view from Mark Sisson, who thinks it's fine to cook with olive oil: http://www.marksdailyapple.com/defending-olive-oils-reputation/#axzz2OZN85OvU .
I agree with Mark, so we might just have to agree to disagree here. I still love your blog, and we all need to make the choices that make sense to us. Here's to the health of all of us!
I was basing my opinion on what they teach us in my nutritional therapy course – our source is an excellent book called "Know Your Fats" by Dr. Enig. Her book is incredibly in-depth and amazing, I highly recommend it if you want to look deeper into fats! She lists olive oil as having a smoke point of 280 degrees, which is higher than the WH foods article, but still quite low for cooking.
At the end of the article by Mark Sisson he says to use olive oil cold on salads, and at most lightly heated. I can definitely get behind that!
I do disagree that olive oil, even a good product stored properly should be a standard cooking oil for someone on the AIP. A healthy person with excellent digestion can probably handle cooking in olive oil once in awhile, but with leaky gut those rancid oils can really cause problems in the digestive tract, especially when someone is making an effort to eat so clean otherwise and heal their gut.
I like your article about olive oil quality – that is another topic all together! Its amazing how companies get away with scamming us these days!
Are refined coconut oils okay to use on an elimination diet if they are organic?
The only refined oil I would use is coconut oil.
Hi Mickey, I really appreciated this discussion as well! I'm newly diagnosed with Hashi and Leaky Gut, and having a tough time getting enough calories as I battle food sensivities and digestion issues while working on the elimination phase. I am looking for a coach to work thru this with, ideally someone who can work with me through meal planning. I've tried your 2 week plan and learned a lot but also hit some walls that I'm frankly not educated enough to feel confident getting over. Do you know of anyone who is specifically good with Hashi AND Leaky Gut? And is taking new clients? Much thanks in advance!
Where do you get your good saturated fats to cook with? I cannot find lard.
Us wellness meats has lard. Its often out of stock cause we all buy it up, but that is where we get it!
I also became very sick following vegan…and have never felt more alive in my life after eating chicken skin, coconut oil, and steak regularly. Some bodies just need to pay attention to the fat. Thank you for the well-explained break-down.
Thank you for this clear explanation. Very helpful.
I am struggling with LOTS of debilitating conditions (all immune system related) and am trying to do a quick study of the AIP. Can you please explain why things like ghee and flax oils are avoided on the AIP Protocol? Thanks much and I really, really appreciate your wonderful posts and recipes.
Ghee is derived from dairy and flax is a seed, both of which are avoided on the protocol because research shows them to be gut irritants. Although something like ghee might be tolerated by some with autoimmune disease eventually, its best to leave it out in the elimination period. Hope it helps!
If seeds are gut irritants, would that include the Chia seed? Have always heard of it being a powerhouse of nutrients/protein/good for immune boost…..but now I am wondering if it is more harm than help for AIP.
Yes, chia seeds are to be avoided while on the elimination diet. I think most of the "superfood" marketing for chia is all hype.
My friend says monounsaturated fats are okay for cooking as long as it's at low temperatures. Is there validity to that?
Yes, they are more stable, but I still wouldn't cook with them to be on the safe side.
I took the ALCAT (IgG food sensitivities) and came back with a moderate allergy to beef, coconut, and a minor allergy to pork. Does that take out tallow and lard? I have not been using any of these fats. I have instead been using more ghee, what duck fat I can find, palm oil, and a bit of chicken fat, but just started AIP today. It is important to take ghee out, right? In my case would it be worth keeping in to make sure I get enough saturated fat?
Hi KT, I have heard that allergy testing is wildly inaccurate and changes quickly. How do you feel when you eat those foods? I think an elimination diet is the best way to find out about food allergies. I think the fats should be fine – allergies are to protein, not fat, so I think you should be fine with tallow and lard as long as they are strained well. I would not use ghee while on the elimination diet, but you can reintroduce it later. Good luck!
Hi Mickey, I am about to embark on the AIP, but I too was given the IgG food sensitivities tests. Some of the results were things I've never noticed a reaction to. As I don't want to do the AIP twice, or forever, would you recommend initially cutting the foods out that showed an immune reaction on the tests…or just include them? There are so many differing opinions regarding these tests…I'm honestly tired of researching their validity…and would just like to get going on the AIP! What is your viewpoint?
What I do with my clients that have had previous testing is remove additional foods as pinpointed on their sensitivity testing, and then introduce them along with the regular AIP reintroductions. I do not let my clients modify AIP the other way around–say a person who testing shows does not react to eggs still needs to eliminate them. Hope it helps!
Hi there- I bought some coconut butter that says it also has 1% hemp oil. Is this AIP compliant?
Hi Jaime, because it contains hemp which is a seed, no, sadly! I wonder why they would put hemp oil in there… coconut has enough fat as it is!
Mickey, I read somewhere that you buy gold label coconut oil from Wilderness Family Naturals and I just looked it up and it is 75- plus shipping. I've been using Trader Joe's virgin organic coconut oil lately for 5.50 a pound, making it about 40- a gallon. Can you really taste the difference for more than double the price?
Hi Pam, that actually isn't the coconut oil I buy–I get the gold label from Tropical Traditions. I pay $250 for a 5-gallon bucket and only buy when they have free shipping. That comes up to $50 a gallon. Its the best quality I have found, much better than the TJ's in my opinion (I'd recommend trying a small jar of their product though because it is much different than the other coconut oils on the market because it is hand processed, and I know some who don't care for it).
How many grams of fat is optimal per meal/day?
Same question for protein and carbs?
I answered your question on the other post that you asked it.
Hi, I haven't read through all the posts, but I was wondering why ghee is on the list of fats to avoid, since it's pure fat without any lactose or casein. At least the kind I get is (Pure Indian Foods Cultured Ghee). Also, on another note, is cacao (nibs, powder, paste) allowed? I didn't see it anywhere on the list of foods to avoid or include, unless I missed it.
Hi Quinn, have you considered buying beef in bulk? It takes some initial investment and getting a big freezer, but pound for pound many times it is cheaper than buying conventional meat at the store (I think I end up paying around $4 a pound for all cuts).
I don't recommend not cooking with fat–your body NEEDS healthy fats to repair tissues, create healthy cell membranes, to assimilate fat soluble vitamins, and many other things. I'd only avoid unhealthy or unnatural fats, like seed oils, hydrogenated oils, and the like.
I am sorry to hear–are you having trouble digesting the fats, or you think they are causing immune reactions? The reason why I ask is that you may need to enlist the help of a practitioner to help you find digestive supplements to aid with breaking down fats if that is where the issue is.
I would not eat grape seed oil on AIP, or even otherwise… it is very high in omega-6 and unstable. Have you tried playing around with the quality of olive oil? Many olive oils are cut with canola or soybean and that could be what you are reacting to. I'd try that, in addition to adding some digestive support to see if that is the root of your issue. If not, I would try something like macadamia, walnut, or almond oils as a last resort (although these are technically not AIP.
Hi. My naturopath says good quality, pasteurized butter is ok? Do you disagree?
Kris, dairy of any kind is not allowed on the autoimmune protocol, but high-quality raw dairy is fine for healthy people who tolerate it.
I would like the name of an oil to be used for temps over 350. Want to fry some sweet potato chips. I understand that neither olive oil nor coconut are good for deep frying. Went online to look at palm oil but am uneasy about the impact on the rain forest. Any suggestions?
Angela, Coconut oil is fine for deep frying, as is any other solid cooking fat–lard, tallow, or duck fat would be great options. Good luck!
Hi, just came across this while looking into poor fat digestion and autoimmunity.
Notes: Duck fat has higher amounts of omega 3's and 6's and probably shouldn't be consumed regularly for optimum health. The same goes for lard and generally fats from non-ruminant animals. The ratio of 3 to 6 is also worse than ruminants.
Tallow from grass-fed ruminants such as beef fat, buffalo/bison fat, lamb/goat fat is very high in saturated fat, with little of the remaining percentage as omega 3 and 6.
If you're cooking with lard (from pigs) or duck fat, the omega 3's and 6's WILL oxidize.
I've personally found that I have lots of trouble with non-ruminant animals and read of many others who have the same.
I highly suspect that a large group of other people are suffering from not thinking about the omega 3/6 content and oxidation, or just overconsumption of bad 3/6 ratio fats.
It's very much worth bearing in mind that bad health effects resulting from any particular action are not always acute and immediate.
Autoimmune suffers did not get sick, for the most part, via very obvious, immediate bad health from the things which contributed to the disease, and it is no different once sick — there are still factors which we may not be able to correlate directly to the way we feel bad later.
At the least, I certainly think it's worth minimizing or avoiding non-ruminant animal fats for awhile and paying careful attention to health.
Of course, stress, sleep, and a whole host of other factors may out-affect using these fats, so it may be difficult to correlate all the changes in one's life perfectly with ANY 'trial period'… and, there are always long-term, insidious, quiet effects.
Some thoughts for everyone's consideration.
P.S. To that end, I highly suspect that some large portion of the general population is in immediate danger of 'autoimmune disease' and suffering quiet effects from things considered 'otherwise healthy' fats. like dairy fats… and thus, it is not only autoimmune sufferers who should follow the so-called "autoimmune" protocol.
Our approach to life and health is not far-sighted and prophylactic enough.
Even among the ancestral community, I see many people pushing their adrenals, sleep, etc. based on the fact that they feel fine NOW — everything is so feeling-based. Feelings are very useful, but I fear for using present feelings as a guide as to whether there is future danger.
At least grass fed has a slightly better ratio. What about salmon eggs, grass fed marrow, and beef brain? Those are all sources of omega 3's. Just try to balance it i guess….
No, it is not, since vegetable oils come from seeds and legumes.
I think I found better products. What do you think?
i want to reintroduce ghee after i reintroduced eggs.
Which fat gives the taste similar to butter?
Lard and tallow are fine on AIP, but ghee is a stage 1 reintroduction. I don't tolerate it so I am not familiar with the taste, but most say it is like butter 🙂 Good luck!
I have been of AIP for 3 months and i started with eggs with whites. When I eat them I don't feel any different, but I never had any symptoms so for me it is super hard. I can probably eat bread and I wont notice anything. I am in silent stage and that is the worse when it comes to testing your reactions.
Hi Mickey. After being on AIP for over 3 months and RA symptoms worsening I decided to have an MRT test. Needed to see if any foods normally OK on AIP were not necessarily good for my body. It was beneficial as several foods I consumed like pears, olive oil, shellfish, beef, avocados, beets and more turned out to be reactive for me. I assume I cannot use beef tallow or beef bones for broth since I am reactive to beef. Is that correct?
Yes, if you are avoiding beef you would also want to avoid fats from the animal. Hope it helps!
What about Palm Olein? I see it in commercially prepared plantain chips, but I'm not sure if I should buy them.
What percentage of the diet should fat be on the AIP protocol?
It is impossible to say for everyone, as it is not a one-size-fits-all approach! I think it is important to include healthy fats, but the actual percentage depends on how your body feels.
What about spectrum Palm Oil?
Palm oil is OK on AIP, but I think it is important to choose a sustainable source.
What about eating coconut manna or cocoa butter raw? Is it dangerous?
I don't have any issues with coconut butter or manna, as long as you aren't sensitive to them!
What about sunflower oil? Is it safe to consume for those with an autoimmune disease?
Since sunflower oil comes from a seed, it is not included in the elimination phase.
As long as you don't have a sensitivity to it applied topically, it should be fine while you are on the elimination diet. Hope it helps!
What if safflower and canola oils are organic,non-gmo, refrigerated in a light proof container and not heated? I found a product called "MELT" made of virgin coconut oil, blended with flaxseed, hi-oleic sunflower, palm fruit and canola oils. The product is delicious and tastes exactly like butter. How bad is it?
These oils are not compliant with AIP no matter how they are processed, as they come from a seed source sorry!
Can you recommend an AIP acceptable massage oil? Biotone has an organic one but it contains sesame and sunflower oils which I assume would be no-nos. It also contains jojoba and I am not surenabout that? Seems like what you put on your skin should mirror what you are allowed to put in your gut.
Hi Leah! Yes, your thinking is right, but we really only recommend avoiding potential triggers on the skin – gluten, soy, etc. Unless you are very sensitive, most people tolerate seed oils on the skin. Mountain Rose Herbs sells a lot of bulk oils for massage like fractionated coconut, apricot kernel, etc. Hope it helps!
Can i also try etheric sees oils on the skin, during AIP?
I'm not sure what your question is asking, but seed oils are not included in the diet on AIP, but some people still use them on the skin. Hope it helps!
Hi Cathy, it is not included in the elimination diet, but you can include it as a stage 1 reintroduction.
I have to watch my cholesterol. The animal fats on this list have me worried. How is it possible to cook with animal fats and NOT have your cholesterol go up?
I'm just getting started with AIP & appreciate the beginner articles & batch cooking videos. After cooking a couple recipes, I've found that I really don't like the smell or flavor of coconut oil & I'm having trouble eating anything cooked in it without becoming nauseous, which makes it difficult to eat anything. Would you suggest giving coconut oil more time to adjust or can I substitute animal fats in place of anything that calls for coconut oil? Would I use the same amount of animal fat in place of the coconut oil?
Yes, you can generally sub animal fats whenever a solid cooking fat (like coconut oil) is called for, although if the recipe if for a dessert of some kind that may significantly effect the flavor, so experiment there. You could also try looking for a more refined coconut oil which will generally have less coconut scent/taste.
Hi Brian! I have two suggestions for you – sometimes refined coconut oil can have a completely neutral smell compared to unrefined (what you likely have). You can try that, or you can replace with animal fats, like lard, tallow, duck fat, etc. Good luck!
I just started the oil cleansing method to try and improve my skin. What are your thoughts on using grape seed oil on your skin? I know it is a no no to cook with. Coconut is drying and olive seems too thick. I've been on strict AIP for nearly five months and my joint pain from psoriatic arthritis is now minimal and my Hashimoto's symptoms are lessening, but my skin has not cleared a bit. I'm getting ready to start reintroducing foods this week. Love your site. It's been a wealth of knowledge. Thank you.
Hey Nicolette! This is a great question, and my general opinion is that seed oils are OK to try on the skin for those on the elimination diet. Everyone's skin is different and you may respond better to grape seed! Also a note to maybe check in with your doctor about hormonal imbalances that could be causing breakouts, as this can be a common underlying issue. Hope it helps!
How does one implement the AIP diet if they have told by GI dr to eat low fat due to pancreas issues? My pancreas was severely damaged by allergic reaction to a medical dye contrast so I've had to eat less than 20gms a day for the last few years. I also have EDS, POTS, reoccuring gastritis and IBD, and signs of MCAD. Due to these conditions, I keep getting directed to try the AIP diet by other health professionals. I think I'd be even more limited in what I can eat and risk other nutritional issues? I feel stuck!
Hey Ricki! I would definitely reach out to a nutritionist or health coach to help you modify the elimination diet to your doctor's recommendations. I do think it would be difficult to go very low-fat, but not lower-fat than typical, and I have used this approach in certain situations with my clients in the past. Good luck!
Hi Mickey – I've just started cooking with coconut oil and I'm confused! I've used raw virgin coconut oil, once to fry sea bass and once to roast vegetables (at 400F) and both times the oil gave off a strong smell (almost like burning) and there was some smoke as well. Does this mean I should only be using the oil for lower temps? In your recipes I see you use it and also roast at 400F, so not sure if I'm doing some wrong or unhealthy. Thank you!
Hi Mickey, I recently bought your book and was surprised by talo and lard recommendations for cooking.
Could you please give me your thoughts on refined Avocado oil for high temperature cooking? I've been using it the last few years because it says it's smoke point is 450 degrees. I really appreciate you sharing your knowledge.
Hi there, I was just recently diagnosed with Hashimoto's and will be starting an AIP diet in a few days. I am a little confused with some of the information that I have read. I printed off the Foods to Avoid and Foods to Include on the Autoimmune Protocol; but, in the What's In and What's Out – it says to NOT include green beans and snap peas (but they are on the list of items to include). So you can see my confusion. I have been eating pretty much a paleo diet for the last year and a half, have occasionally had green beans with no problems. Thanks for all the wonderful information, this whole process seems a little overwhelming at times.
Hey Kim! In the early days, there wasn't a lot of clarification about those legumes with edible pods – now they are considered "out" during the elimination phase and a stage 1 reintroduction food. Hope it helps!
Hi Sam! I don't tell people directly what to eat or not, but canola oil is not compliant with the elimination phase of the Autoimmune Protocol. Hope it helps!
coconut/palm oils would be eliminated. It seems lard is reserved mostly for baked goods and fried foods. I have leaky gut, and am just realizing after several months of trying to eat aip, that I may be cooking with the wrong oils, ie olive oil and avacado oil.
Hey Pat! If you are sensitive to coconut I recommend lard, tallow, or duck fat. Avocado and olive are great for cold/low-heat uses (like salad dressings). Hope it helps!
Mickey, what about MCT oil? Is that allowed on AIP?
Hi Judy, yes as it is derived from coconut oil.
I'm interested to hear what you think of this new research on oils…..still standing firm? Thanks so much for all you do btw.
Hi Lori! If you meant to post a link it didn't come though, I'd love to check it out!
Question 1: Are there any aip compliant oils with neutral flavor besides the refined coconut? Sometimes olive oil is just too strong for salad dressings, and the coconut is obviously too firm. Would the avocado oil be less strong?
Question 2: Any thoughts on tigernut oil? I've seen some other aip blogs talk about it but have never tried it myself.
Question 3: Are the product links in the post up-to-date? The duck fat states the ducks were fed an all corn diet, but I thought that was discouraged for aip.
Hi Lindah! If you get pork leaf lard and render it at low heat, it can actually be very neutral flavored- this is why it is a prized baking fat. Avocado and olive aren't ideal for high heat cooking, but great for salad dressings. I've never used tigernut oil, so I can't comment on the flavor. We do our best to keep links up to date, but there are thousands of links on the site and manufacturers change their products all the time. With duck fat I think the best source is going to be through a local farmer, although there are some good commercial varieties. If you can get a fat from free-range, foraged ducks that is ideal, but most commercial varieties are going to be raised on grain.
Hi Tatsiana! Just because an oil has a high smoke point doesn't mean the fats are most stable when cooking. Oil manufacturers are trying to say their product won't burn at a high heat, but the more unsaturated the fats the more potential to oxidize with high heats. Of all of the liquid oils I think avocado is the "best" for cooking, but I still think it is safer to use a more stable oil like coconut oil. And honestly, ultra high-heat cooking like frying is likely to damage any oil, and I only recommend it sparingly. Hope it helps!


The Inspector-General of Police, Ibrahim Idris, has ordered the detention and investigation of four policemen and the informant involved in the raid of Edwin Clark's residence in Abuja.
The elder statesman was onetime minister of Information.
The News Agency of Nigeria report that a report credited to one of the major newspapers alleged that the Police on Tuesday raided the Abuja residence of Mr Clark.
In a statement in Abuja on Tuesday, the Nigeria Police Force spokesman, acting DCP Jimoh Moshood, said the I-G did not order the raid of the elder statesman's residence as alleged.
The spokesman said that the outcome of the investigation by the I-G monitoring unit would be made public.
Mr Moshood said that the force would not condone misconduct by any of its personnel that could run contrary to the rule of law.


HUNTINGTON BEACH, California/USA (Tuesday, January 24, 2017) – The World Surf League (WSL) Carve Pro Men's Qualifying Series (QS) 1,000 victor Cam Richards (USA) claimed his maiden QS win in Maroubra, NSW, Australia over the weekend. This marks Richards' first-ever Finals appearance on the QS level as the 21-year-old looks to continue his Australian campaign.
Richards took down an in-form Kalani Ball (AUS) in an exciting Final that witnessed Richards opening with an 8.50 (out of a possible 10) and backing it up with a 7.25. Ball was in a combination situation, needing two new scores to total Richards, with only minutes left and fell 0.21 short on his final wave in the final seconds.
Cam Richards (USA) winning his Semifinal heat with a 9.35 — the highest single-scoring wave of Finals Day.
The South Carolina-native has humble roots that take him to the city of Garden City, though he now resides as a California transplant. Richards' first WSL win came on the Junior Tour in 2015, claiming the Sprite Soup Bowl Pro Junior, but had a tough 2016 as a full-time QS competitor — finishing No. 274 on the rankings. Though, his focus wasn't completely on competition.
After an Equal 7th at the Shoe City Pro QS1,000 to begin the year, Richards now sits with 1,395 points to start the season as he preps for the continuing string of Australian events — beginning next with the Telstra Stores Tweed Coast Pro QS1,000 in Cabarita, NSW, Australia February 1 – 5.


Our mission is to promote international goodwill and understanding by enhancing students' English education through a variety of mediums, including music, art, and athletics, as well as traditional English instruction, allowing the student to have a no-cost, well rounded and ultimately successful learning experience.
Our volunteers are not only teaching English, but are active in the community where they are located. This includes community projects, improving living conditions for those in the community, and interacting and establishing relationships with the people and the land.
1. Every student, regardless of social position, should have access to learning.
2. Learning English is vital to the success of students who reside in a globalized world.
3. Promoting international understanding and goodwill can be achieved through interactions between volunteers and students.
1. To make the difficult task of learning English more accessible, exciting and rewarding by using a variety of mediums.
2. To expose students to different cultures through various mediums while being instructed in English.
3. To instruct the students that the internet is a vital tool and how to use its powers to enhance English education.
4. To use student input to design debates specifically tailored to develop critical thinking, which will give students the chance to utilize the English they have learned in school but are unable to apply due to lack of opportunity.
5. To teach the students that learning a new language can be an enjoyable experience.
6. To expose volunteers to new cultures, increasing their worldview as globalized citizens.
7. To increase the quality of life for students by positively enhancing their education.
8.To increase students' ability to be successful in a world that uses English as the international language of business by preparing them for the TOEFL exam, allowing them to travel and study abroad.
9. To give students a no-cost opportunity to enhance their education, eliminating the need for special tutoring or instruction.
10. Using art to enhance the spirit, athletics to enhance the body, and academics to enhance the mind, giving students a comprehensive English learning experience.


text:
Crimson Review staff|September 20, 2018
Students and staff interviewed earlier this week had different opinions about what to eat when lunch time rolls around.
They also had many different lunches.
As some students gobbled up the dish of the day — on Tuesday, it was General Gau's chicken and rice, steamed broccoli, fresh fruit and fortune cookies, other students, like senior Emma Chudziki, ate what they'd brought from home.
"I had some strawberries and some broccoli with hummus," Chudziki said.
Sean Carrigan, a senior, said he likes what's offered in the cafeteria and always gets school lunch. "They've got good food here."
But of approximately 50 people surveyed informally during Lunch A, three out of four said they prefer to bring their lunch instead of buying what's available.
Reasons varied.
During A Lunch, sophomore Shaylee Artus said she always brings her lunch "because I'm a picky eater and I don't really like school lunch."
Senior Anita Dibuono said she also prefers to bring a lunch. That way, "I can be as healthy as I want to be."
"I'm gluten free so I can't eat any of it," said Ian Macaig, another member of the Class of 2019.
Freshmen Nell Malette brought a sandwich, fruit and crackers Tuesday. She tends to carry a lunch ever day "because I don't want to stand in line."
"I prefer packed lunch because it tastes good and I can have whatever I want and it's not ridiculously priced like lunch here," said Sarah Bell, whose lunch on Tuesday featured lots of variety. "I have a sandwich, and it's almond butter, peanut butter, and Honey. I also have Watermelon, Jalapeno Cape Cod chips and dried fruit."
Sophomores Sierra Boots and Lexi Quinn also brought a few items to eat. "I packed peanut butter and jelly, Chex mix, goldfish, and a healthy trail mix," said Boots. Quinn brought "A sandwich, apple, and goldfish."
Faculty members also had interesting lunches that day. Donna Reardon had quinoa salad and plums. For Carole Frankiewicz, it was chicken pot pie, cheese, fruit, nuts and Jell-O. Carol Lundin brought an apple and some rice cakes with peanut butter and jam.
Melissa White brought all organic food due to allergies: organic ground chicken, organic mashed peas mixed with organic green beans, and organic hibiscus iced tea.
Some students expressed unhappiness that the coffee bar is now closed during lunches.
"That's bad," said sophomore Patience Boley. "Kids that don't get it in the morning might want it in the afternoon."
"I miss it," said senior Kendra Flint.
Freshman Zoey Schaffer also doesn't appreciate the change. "I don't like it because I need one coffee in the morning and one later to deal with people."
Angela Vasquez, also a freshman, didn't care: "I'm fine because I hate coffee."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


3.After all this - An Islamic Republic of Iraq?
Is Islam really a terror organization, or do we just imagine it?
Immediately after 9-11, I nodded in ignorant agreement as President Bush assured me that "Islam is a religion of peace."
Certainly not the group of "moderate" Muslim clerics and imams who gathered in London last week to issue a statement on terrorism and their faith. When asked the question "Are suicide bombings always a violation of Islam," they could not answer "Yes. Always." Instead, these "moderate British Muslims" had to answer "It depends."
Precisely what it depends on, news reports did not say. Sadly, given our new knowledge of Islam from the past four years, it probably depends on whether or not you're killing Jews.
That is part of the state of modern Islam.
Another fact about the state of Islam is that a majority of Muslims in countries like Jordan continue to believe that suicide bombings are legitimate. Still another is the poll reported by a left-leaning British paper than only 73 percent of British Muslims would tell police if they knew about a planned terrorist attack.


Housing providers across Greater Manchester are proving they are about much more than just bricks and mortar.
A new social value report released by Greater Manchester Housing Providers (GMHP) has revealed that collectively they have helped support 2,219 people into employment, cleared 12,424 of fly-tipped waste, and helped their customers to access more than £14m in benefits and grants to which they were entitled.
GMHP is a collaboration between 25 social housing providers from across Greater Manchester who work together to improve lives for people across the region.
The report, which covers the 2017/18 financial year, also reveals how GMHP has awarded £2.2 million in community grants and supported more than 1,000 local groups and projects.
Nigel Wilson, chief executive at Wythenshawe Community Housing Group and lead for the social value group at GMHP, said: "GMHP work closely together to improve the lives of our customers and our new social value report demonstrates the real difference that housing providers are making in our communities.
Earlier this year GMHP also unveiled its Ambition to Deliver manifesto setting out its plans to tackle the housing crisis in Greater Manchester and build 16,000 new homes over the next five years.


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Q: How to kill the process from its thread using c/cpp? Is there a way to kill the process from its thread? I have a process that starts a thread and the process waits for the input from the terminal. My requirement is to kill the process from the thread.
Scenario: the thread actually runs a timer to identify if the main process is idle (i.e no input given from the terminal) for certain intervals, then i want the thread to kill the process.

A: You can just use exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);. It is included in windows.h.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If you are selling online and using MyHermes as your delivery service, here is a cautionary tale.
We send perhaps 50 parcels a day with Hermes, they seem to get most of them right. We get a few bouts of stupidity such as stuff delivered to completely different addresses, one customer found one on the road outside his house, the odd one gets damaged and the odd one has been stolen in transit (vanished).
But the numbers of those are quite low. MyHermes are as good as any other budget delivery outfit. What do you want for the price?
So we decided to ask Parcel2Go who is the service provider we use to access MyHermes. More out of curiosity really in case said neighbour of recipient decided to keep the free stuff. Handy to know the position when couriers are delivering stuff to neighbours.
So here is the enlightening exchange with Parcel2Go on behalf of MyHermes.
It seems the courier has delivered it to a neighbour and the intended recipient cannot get it from them. How to proceed?
Oh dear 🙁 what is the reason why they can't get it from their neighbor?
Nobody ever home it seems, they don't know them and have no number. But ultimately it has been delivered wrong so driver needs to fix it?
Is the neighbor not within their apartment blocks?
She will need to try and contact them as Hermes can deliver to neighbors if the recipient cannot be reached.
That isn't really a solution. I cannot tell a customer that. It is our job to deliver to customer, not a random house nearby. The driver needs to retrieve and deliver it.
I'm afraid that Hermes can deliver to a neighbor on the same street if the consignee cannot be reached.
So basically with Hermes, we have to accept the possibility we will be giving it away to a neighbour?
This of course is illegal if the neighbour was to take this as it would be theft by finding.
Of course, as an experienced online seller, I know why Hermes deliver to neighbours, and I am sure the vast majority work out just fine. I have no particular complaint about Hermes or Parcel2Go.
I take stuff in for my neighbours, and they for me.
However, not everyone lives somewhere pleasant. Not everyone has nice neighbours.
Some people will have dishonest neighbours who will gleefully accept the free goods, sign with a squiggle and/or a fake name and deny all knowledge and have your stuff on eBay ten minutes later.
So I decided to delve into the legalities of this a little. More for future reference than anything else.
Where do you stand if the delivery company leaves the item you ordered with a neighbour who then denies having it?
Whether you have any legal rights will depend on the delivery instructions you did or didn't give at the time of purchase.
If you give instructions for your parcel to be left with a specific neighbour and the parcel is delivered to them, the seller is not responsible if something goes wrong.
If you agree more generally that your parcel can be left with a neighbour without specifying which one, then in practice you've said you are happy for anyone in close proximity to your home to accept delivery on your behalf.
Well, that seems fair enough but doesn't cover our situation. But there is more.
If you're parcel is left with a neighbour without giving instructions to do so, you can argue that the contract said the goods were to be delivered to the address specified, and that by leaving them at a different address the company is in breach of contract.
If you bought your goods online, you're covered under the Consumer Contracts Regulations.
So, back to us (and you) and MyHermes for future reference.
Your customer by default will not have given permission for their purchase to be left at a random nearby house.
If the courier that you as a seller employ to deliver, leaves the parcel at a random nearby house, and occupants of said random nearby house do not give the parcel to your customer, it looks to me like this is the sellers responsibility.
During the courier booking process, you will have ticked a random box agreeing to some terms and conditions nobody ever reads. I haven't read them, and I am sure you haven't. I have no intention of doing so and I bet you have neither.
But you can bet your bottom dollar that there is a term in there that absolves them of responsibility for this type of thing.
As I said above, its obvious why couriers need to leave stuff with neighbours. And I have no particular complaint about MyHermes. All couriers sometimes get it wrong, so my thinking is you may as well use a cheap one, as even UPS smash stuff up and lose stuff too nowadays. Parcel2Go are a reasonable outfit to deal with as well. MyHermes are actually much better than they used to be FWIW.
But the take away is this: If you send something that matters, or is expensive, by the bog standard MyHermes service, and the local driver gives it to someone else, and for whatever reason the intended recipient doesn't get it, you are liable.
If an eBay or Amazon sale, or transacted through Paypal, the tracking will show "delivered" so in the event of chargeback, seller protection should cover you. The platform will cough up to the buyer without debiting you most likely.
On your own site, unless using Nochex that cannot be charged back, you will pay for the loss or theft of the item.
However, as an honest seller, you don't want your customer jumping through hoops and having to try to do chargebacks do you? That isn't going to help your reputation at all. Your courier didn't deliver it, so you have got to make good on that by sending another item by another service to an address the customer nominates where somebody actually will be.


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6 Historical Train Cars For Rent This Weekend
Posted in: Travel the Back Roads
Posted by: Sarah Buckholtz
The development of the locomotive in the early 19th century transformed the way people around the globe traveled to new destinations. Two Lane roads were no longer the only way to explore new territory. At one point they were considered the most luxurious and convenient method of travel. In today's world of direct flights and luxury automobiles, trains are considered a slower, more nostalgic form of transportation. While these historic train cars may no longer be riding the rails, they are serving patrons in a new way, and can still be appreciated for the industrial innovation they represent.
These six cabooses were rescued from the rust and either restored back to their prime or updated with modern conveniences. If you appreciate trains, history, and are the adventurous type, we've got your weekend plans ready. All aboard!
The 1905 Pullman — President Harding and Wilson's "Air Force One"
Location: Plano, Illinois
The Train: Travel back in time to the private Pullman train car, the Constitution. Built in 1905, it served as "Air Force One" for Presidents Harding and Wilson. The original car consists of four state rooms, an observation deck, a dining room, and a galley. The train car sits atop a bluff overlooking the beautiful slow-moving Big Rock Creek. Beyond the creek is a floodplain full of two-hundred-year-old oak trees and an occasional eagle or two! The beds are on the small side, but two large living rooms with fireplaces, a master bedroom and bathroom have been added on.
Price: $134 per night
1926 Wooden Train Caboose — Part of The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
Location: Waynesville, North Carolina
The Train: This bright red storybook train was part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway before becoming the cozy caboose rental it is today. (The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway was a Class 1 railroad formed in 1869 in Virginia ) The car was still fully functional when the owners purchased it in 2015. It's parked on authentic 1920's railroad tracks and is connected to a rustic bathhouse. Amenities on the train include a queen sized bed, central heat and air, television, and refrigerator stocked with locally brewed beers and sodas. Wake up in the tiny train then step outside to have a big adventure in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Blue Ridge Parkway, or Asheville which are all close by!
The 1894 Private Palace Pullman Car — Used By President Theodore Roosevelt
Location: Fredericksburg, Texas
The Train: This sleeper car was once occupied by President Theodore Roosevelt on his trip to "The Four Sixes" Ranch in Guthrie, Texas. Parked about an hour away from Austin in Fredericksburg you have the opportunity to explore the downtown area, wineries, and more. Features original decor — even a clawfoot tub! History surrounds you in every nook and cranny.
Platform1346 — The WWII Kitchen Car
Location: Maryville, Tennessee
The Train: More than 70 years ago, Platform 1346 operated as the kitchen car on troop trains carrying soldiers coast to coast during World War II. Today it has a second life as a luxury overnight space resting at the foothills of the Great Smoky Mountains. It has been renovated with some mid-century renovations to make it extra cozy. Walk freely around the 6-acre property which includes a fish pond and a fire pit area. No pets allowed here but the owners do have six friendly dogs that like to run around the property and welcome guests!
The1941 Restored Caboose + Historic Train Station
Location: Lock Haven, Pennsylvania
The Train: This caboose was part of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1941. Part of its historic appeal is that it's parked beside the Castanea Railroad Station, which was built in 1883. (By 1895, more than 6,000 railroad cars passed this station each week!) Guests have access to the entire caboose which includes two bunks, shower, and a dinette for sitting. There is also heat and air conditioning depending on the weather outside. It's a steal at $57 a night too!
Price: $57 per night
The 1906 Depot — The Caboose With a View
Location: Joseph, Oregon
The Train: While the year and type of train are unsure, what makes this car unique are two things. One: The mother and her two daughters who run this caboose live in the train depot next door which dates back to 1906. Two: It has the most incredible view of the Wallowa Mountains. It runs on an environmentally friendly greywater system (meaning the used sink/shower water goes back into the garden) and uses a compact RV toilet. There are also two other Airbnb rentals on the grounds: a tipi and a 1970s camper, so expect to share the grounds with others. If you need anything, just knock on the depot doors!
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6 thoughts on "6 Historical Train Cars For Rent This Weekend"
David J. Thebodo June 21, 2019 at 8:20 am
Great write-up on caboose & rail car lodging! We, Terry Ann & I have made a business of finding & saving historic retired railroad rolling stock since 1989. While we supply vintage train cars to filmmakers & tourist railroads, we especially enjoy providing train cars to individuals to create their own guesthouses, B&Bs or retail space.
We are currently down to about a dozen cabooses & private railcars, (also known as Private Varnish that are equipped to travel behind Amtrak. ) we can also transport & set up these cars.
Granted, this post is little more than. SHAMLESS COMMERCE however, it may be useful to some. http://www.railmerchants.net
There's one at the top of a mountain in Cass, WV. You can touch the stars!
Sarah Buckholtz Post Author June 27, 2019 at 5:02 pm
Sounds like a solid spot!
Donna R October 23, 2020 at 3:03 pm
Check out the Railroad Park Resort lodging in Dunsmuir California, if you get a chance. It is really well done.
Margie Estrada February 28, 2021 at 11:23 pm
Mike – thank you for sharing these amazing places to visit! I am totally inspired to look into one or more of them!
I believe you're right – it is time to make a move. Safe travels you all!!
Gia Saulnier June 18, 2021 at 5:57 am
We stayed in The Red Caboose Inn & Motel in Lancaster, PA – we stayed in the Yellow Chassie. https://redcaboosemotel.reservationstays.com/requests/VwNfVSSL3J51d2VVMZxf5A/hotels/7Gr6ad1G


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The brain has two cerebral hemispheres sitting on central structures that emerge from the spinal cord and swell into bilateral cell complexes dominated by the thalamus. Around and below the thalamus are clusters of smaller nuclei that retain old strategies of existence going back beyond reptiles. The surface of the cerebral hemispheres is described as the cerebral cortex. The cortex is folded into hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) that increase its surface area. The cortex is a thin layer, populated with cell bodies of two types, neurons and glia. Much of the computing is carried out by neurons and the glia act as nurturing, protective and immune cells that may participate in computation but we do not know how. Below the cortex is white matter, bundles of axons that are insulated with myelin and carry signals to and from the cortex and among areas of the cortex.
In human anatomy the body is seen as symmetrical about the midline. To create place names, you use the term medial to refer to the midline and lateral to refer to each side. Anterior is front and posterior is toward the back. Superior is above and inferior or basal is below. You can describe structures in the brain using composite terms such as the anterolateral nucleus of the thalamus or the posteromedial amygdala. Brain structures bear fanciful names and their numerous interconnections are described in polysyllabic terms that are only learned and used by specialists.
Neurology is focused on easier-to understand brain structures; the long wires that carry information to and from the brain are the best understood. Advanced neuroanatomical knowledge, required in clinical neurology and neurosurgery, is not easy to learn. Skilled neurologists can always bamboozle fellow MDs by deducing the location of a brain lesion by knowing the wiring diagram well.
Most neurological diseases cannot be treated and neurologists have tended to be intellectual diagnosticians rather than therapists. Stroke is the most common neurological disease, caused by eating the wrong food. Neurologists seldom want to be involved with such banal matters as diet or modifying their patients eating behaviors. They are more interested in the consequences of stroke and for many years, the study of brain damage effects was the basis of the neurological understanding of mind.
The long tract from the motor cortex to the muscles that it controls can be interrupted by injury or disease at any point causing loss of muscle function; there are several different clinical syndromes depending on the location of the damage to the tract. Neurologists have little difficulty identifying a lesion of the motor tract by doing a neurological exam and are often accurate in determining the site of the lesion.
One useful distinction, for example, is that damage to the motor neurons at and beyond the spinal cord causes a flaccid paralysis with loss of reflexes. Damage to the motor system in the brain or upper spinal cord causes a spastic paralysis with hyperactive reflexes. Spastic means that the muscles are in a state of increased contraction rather than no contraction. A neuroanatomy text states that: "corticospinal fibers arise from area 4 and 6 of the precentral gyrus (motor cortex) and in areas 3,1,2 of the postcental gyrus (sensory cortex). The (motor) fibers descend through the internal capsule into the cerebral peduncle and through the basilar part of the Pons. As they enter the medulla, they are grouped along the ventral border of the pyramids; hence the name pyramidal tract."
Neuroanatomy was a precocious subject for me that I started informally in a neuropathology lab in Cleveland when I was a premedical student. I wanted to explore the idea that the brain was the organ of the mind. I was introduced to neurology and learned about neurologists, their personal and professional struggles. When I was confronted with a real human brain, the whole notion of understanding the mind evaporated. The real task was to become familiar with a strange organ that gave few clues about the way it worked.
I was dissatisfied with the way neuroanatomy had developed. The anatomy of the brain had been revealed piecemeal and named in a complex way by people who understood little about how the brain worked. The task of anatomy was originally to describe all the physical features of the brain and function was left to other disciplines and the future. Anatomists were often hostile to new functional concepts such as the "limbic system' mostly because it was not an anatomic concept but a functional one. Early neurological names and concepts of how the brain works now appear to be crude and simplistic.
When a person thinks or behaves strangely, but has normal reflexes and a normal CAT scan, a neurologist sends the patient to a psychiatrist who seldom considers brain structures or function in the description or understanding of the problem. If a stroke or brain injury causes personality changes, emotional and cognitive difficulties, neuropsychologists are often called in to document the effects of loss of brain tissue. Other specialties assist brain injured patients adapt to their disability.
There are textbooks full of syndromes, packages of dysfunction, associated with damage to the brain. If the frontal lobes are damaged, for example, the personality changes with loss of emotional sensibility, loss of initiative and planning and inappropriate behavior. If the occipital lobes in the back of the brain are damaged, vision is impaired in a variety of ways from complete blindness to curious gaps in visual perception, memory and understanding. Damage to the temporal lobes, just in from the ears, will result in memory deficits, damaged hearing and auditory language perception; 92% of humans are right-handed and their language storage tends to be concentrated in the left hemisphere. If a stroke damages the left temporal lobe, the loss of language ability is more severe than occurs with right-sided damage. Left-handed people often have more bilateral language storage so that a single hemisphere lesion causes less language disruption.
The brain has many black boxes that no one understands well. Although you can name, describe the location of these boxes, their cell structure and describe the wiring to and from other structures, understanding what these modules do is still difficult, except in the most general terms. Neuroanatomy names should be revised, based on a more functional approach to identifying structures.
The surface of the cerebral hemispheres has been divided into regions because of deep sulci. The frontal lobes, for example, are not a coherent assembly of closely related functions but a dispersed assortment of functions that relate to many different parts of the brain. On the other hand, the occipital cortex in the back of the brain is more specialized to visual functions, although as you move forward in the occipital lobe, you encounter less specialized and more interactive zones that bring visual information into relationship with other kinds of information.


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Peterson Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes, Second Edition
by By: Lawrence M. Page, Brooks M. Burr
There are nearly 1,000 species of freshwater fishes in North America alone, and identifying them can sometimes be a daunting task. In fact, in just the twenty years since publication of the first edition of the Peterson Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes, the number of species has risen by almost 150, including 19 marine invaders and 16 newly established nonnative species. This second edition incorporates all of these new species, plus all-new maps and a collection of new and revised plates. Some of the species can be told apart only by minute differences in coloration or shape, and these beautifully illustrated plates reveal exactly how to distinguish each species.
The guide includes detailed maps and information showing where to locate each species of fish—whether that species can be found in miles-long stretches of river or small pools that cover only dozens of square feet. The ichthyologic world of the twenty-first century is not the same as it was in the twentieth, and this brand-new edition of the definitive field guide to freshwater fishes reflects these many changes.
Peterson Field Guides
Lawrence M. Page
DR. LAWRENCE M. PAGE is curator of fishes at the Florida Museum of Natural History. He is also principal scientist emeritus for the Illinois Natural History Survey's Center for Biodiversity, and an affiliate professor at the University of Florida.
Brooks M. Burr
DR. BROOKS M. BURR is a professor in the department of zoology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, and is an affiliate scientist of the Illinois Natural History Survey. Dr. Page and Dr. Burr have extensive field experience and have published numerous papers on the freshwater fishes of North America.
The first edition of this guide was completed in 1990 and published
in 1991. Since then it has been a primary source of information
on identification of North American freshwater fishes. This
second edition increases the number of species in the guide from
768 to 909, incorporates new maps and several new and revised
plates, and corrects errors. The increase in number of species is
the result of adding 114 newly recognized species native to the
U.S. and Canada, 19 marine invaders commonly found in freshwater,
and 16 newly established non-native (exotic) species. Eight
species recognized in the first edition were deleted as names were
synonymized or as exotic species thought to be established disappeared.
The ichthyofauna of the twenty-first century is not that
of the twentieth century, and a revision of this guide was badly
needed. We hope we have succeeded in making it current as well
as more user-friendly. Suggestions for improvements and notifications
of errors are welcome.—LMP and BMB
How To Use This Guide
Naturalists, anglers, and aquarists derive pleasure and knowledge
from observing and catching fishes. Ichthyologists and other scientists
study fishes to learn more about the evolution of life, the
history of our continent, and how natural resources can be better
managed. For these interests and related endeavors, accurate
identification of fishes is essential. This guide includes all fishes
in fresh waters of North America north of Mexico.
Fishes are aquatic vertebrates with fins and gills throughout
life. Currently recognized as valid are about 31,000 species, of
which 831 species (3 percent of the total) are native to fresh waters
of the United States and Canada. Another 58 species from
elsewhere in the world have been established in our area, and 20
marine species are encountered often enough in fresh water to
be included in this guide, bringing the total number of species to
Of the 537 families of fishes, 34 (6 percent) are represented by
1 or more species native to freshwater lakes and streams of the
United States and Canada, and another 11 families have marine
species that occasionally enter our rivers. Eight other families
are represented by introduced (exotic) species. Although our fish
fauna represents a fraction of the world's total, it is Earth's most
diverse temperate freshwater fish fauna.
All freshwater fishes known from North America north of
Mexico are included in this guide. The Peterson Field Guide to
Atlantic Coast Fishes and the Peterson Field Guide to Pacific Coast
Fishes provide additional information on marine and brackishwater
fishes likely to be encountered in fresh water.
Most names of fishes used in this guide are those in Common
and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States, Canada,
and Mexico, published in 2004 by a joint committee of the American
Fisheries Society and the American Society of Ichthyologists
and Herpetologists. In a few instances in which the committee
changed a common name, we chose to keep the name used in the
first edition of this field guide.
Scientific names of species consist of two Latinized and italicized
words, e.g., Lepomis punctatus. The first is the genus, which
begins with a capital letter. The second is the "specific epithet"
and is not capitalized. A subspecies has a third descriptor, e.g., Lepomis
punctatus miniatus. Genera are grouped into families (with
names that end in idae), families into orders (ending in iformes),
and orders into classes.
Color plates were painted from live fishes or, more often, from
color photographs of live or freshly preserved fishes. Black-andwhite
plates depict fishes that lack bright colors or show little
variation in color among closely related species. Fishes are not
drawn to scale, but much larger species usually are shown larger
than smaller species. The 57 plates (42 in color, 15 in black and
white) show 824 individuals representing 677 species. Additional
species are illustrated in text figures.
Although ichthyologists use the metric system, guide users remain
familiar with inches, feet, and pounds. Measurements are given
in both systems. A short rule comparing metric and U.S. units
appears below and on the back cover. The maximum total length
known (tip of snout, lip, or chin—whichever is farthest forward—
to end of longer caudal fin lobe) is given for each species. For
small fishes, this number is given in quarter-inches and tenths
of centimeters, for intermediate fishes in inches and centimeters,
and for large fishes in feet and meters.
If the maximum length recorded was given originally in centimeters,
it was converted to inches; if in inches, it was converted
to centimeters. Rounding from centimeters to quarter-inches can
give various results; for example, 7.4 through 7.9 cm are all given
as equivalent to 3 in.
Family accounts provide information on distinguishing characters
(often anatomical) and distribution. Numbers in parentheses following
family names are numbers of native species in the United
States and Canada; if introduced species are in our area, number
of natives is followed by number of exotics.
Generic accounts are given for large genera and for small genera
in which all species share characters useful in identification.
If a character is described in a family or generic account, it usually
is not repeated in a species account.
Species accounts begin with common and scientific names. In
the upper right-hand corner of each account is the number of the
plate or figure where the species is illustrated, or "Not shown" if
not illustrated. A species is not illustrated if it is similar to another
Most species accounts contain the following four sections. A
similar Species section is omitted if a species is easily identified,
and a Remarks section is added if the species has subspecies or
other noteworthy characters.
Identification: This section describes the most useful characters
for identification. Usually these are color descriptions such
as "black stripe along body," shape descriptions such as "dorsal
fin origin behind pelvic fin origin," and unusual features such as
"barbel at corner of mouth." The most prominent field characters
are italicized and usually appear early in the account. Accurate
field identifications sometimes require consideration of locality
and habitat. Large specimens, especially colorful males, are easiest
to identify. Positive identification of small or single individuals
may require close examination; for that reason, we give some
characters useful in identification of preserved fishes (numbers of
scales, fin rays, and pharyngeal teeth, etc.).
A color description is included unless a species is noted to be
similar or nearly identical to another species. Unless stated otherwise,
the description is of an adult fish, and the fish is white
below (breast and belly) and has clear fins, conditions that pertain
in most species. In many fishes, females retain colors similar
to those of young, but males become notably brighter or darker
with age. During the spawning season, males often become
much brighter in color than at any other time. When known to
differ, both "average" and "breeding male" descriptions are given.
In some fishes (e.g., darters), large males retain bright colors
through much of the year; in others (e.g., most minnows), bright
colors are p...


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Comparisons of Farm animals
Learn more about comparisons of farm animals by exploring our site and become a true expert on the animal kingdom. You'll find content created for the best professionals with pictures, videos and opinions.
Before adopting 3
Comparisons 3
All animal farms 1
Donkeys 1
What is the Difference Between a Goat and a Sheep?
While you may believe that the differences between goats and sheep are obvious - the former have horns, the latter are woolly - this surety falls apart as soon as you come across a particularly hairy goat breed or a male horned sheep. Telling goats and sheep apart, then, is much more complex than that. In...
How are Horses Classified into Types?
Horses are beautiful, sensitive and noble animals who have helped us to travel and farm the fields for centuries. Nowadays, horses can enjoy a more relaxed and comfortable life without having to work. Horses are classified into breeds like the Arabian, the Breton or the Friesian. However, horses are...
What is the Difference Between a Donkey, a Mule and an Ass?
Taxonomy or animal classification can often cause uncertainty. For example, it is sometimes difficult to tell if two different names refer to the same animal or instead to a species and subspecies. Some animals are known by similar names but are of a different species. Others may be known by several distinctly...


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Dr. Mistry received her Medical Degree from the University of Birmingham in England, and then completed seven years of postgraduate training in Internal Medicine and Hematology. In addition, she completed two years of Internal Medicine training at Wayne State University in Detroit and one year at Mt. Sinai Hospital in Miami. Dr. Mistry has served as Medical Director at Waterford Health Care Center and in Juno Beach, Florida. Dr. Mistry is a "Floridian" by choice and is always looking forward to seeing old and new patients!


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Rep. Adam Schiff joked during the Capitol insurrection that 'someone really should have impeached that son of a bitch'
Oma Seddiq and Sonam Sheth
Rep. Adam Schiff (D-CA) speaks at a news conference on September 21, 2021.
Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images
During the Capitol insurrection, Rep. Adam Schiff joked that then-President Donald Trump should have been impeached.
"Someone really should have impeached that son of a bitch," Schiff told his colleague at the time.
Schiff spearheaded Trump's first impeachment inquiry in 2019 and was lead impeachment manager in Trump's first Senate trial.
While congressional lawmakers and staffers hunkered down in a secure location during the January 6 insurrection, Rep. Adam Schiff joked that then-President Donald Trump should have been impeached, according to Schiff's new book, "Midnight in Washington: How We Almost Lost Our Democracy and Still Could," which came out Tuesday.
Schiff famously led Trump's first impeachment inquiry in the House of Representatives in 2019, centering on his dealings with Ukraine.
He wrote in his memoir that "anger at the president" quickly filled the room he hid in during the insurrection and that a Democratic colleague approached him and said, "You said this would happen."
"Well, I didn't say this would happen," Schiff wrote that he replied.
"You warned that he would try to cheat again," the unnamed lawmaker said of Trump, who at the time was engaged in a months-long effort to overturn the 2020 election results based on nonsense claims of widespread fraud.
"It didn't require any great clairvoyance," Schiff said, per the book. He then tacked on: "Someone really should have impeached that son of a bitch."
The Democratic-led House first impeached Trump in December 2019 following a months-long impeachment inquiry examining whether Trump tried to strongarm the Ukrainian government into launching bogus political investigations against the Bidens ahead of the 2020 election. Schiff spearheaded the inquiry as chairman of the powerful House Intelligence Committee, and the House ultimately impeached Trump on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.
The California Democrat, who previously worked as a federal prosecutor, was also the lead impeachment manager in Trump's Senate trial. The GOP-controlled chamber acquitted Trump in early 2020.
Trump was impeached for a second time after the Capitol siege, on one charge of incitement of insurrection. He was accused of encouraging his frenzied supporters to storm the Capitol to stop Congress from certifying Biden's victory in the 2020 election.
Shortly after convening in a joint session, lawmakers were forced to evacuate the House and Senate chambers as throngs of pro-Trump rioters broke into the Capitol in a deadly effort to disrupt the proceedings.
In his memoir, Schiff writes that lawmakers "were all stunned about what was happening," and that a "brawl" nearly broke out on the House floor once Congress finally reconvened as Democrats accused Republicans of fomenting the siege by endorsing Trump's lies about the election.
Trump's second impeachment was the most bipartisan in US history, with ten Republicans joining Democrats to charge him. In the Senate, seven Republicans broke party lines to join Democrats in voting to convict Trump, but the chamber ultimately failed to reach the two-thirds majority required to convict the president.
NOW WATCH: Republicans have themselves to thank for socialism
More: Adam Schiff Congress capitol Insurrection


When Carley Roney got married 13 years ago, her husband, David Liu, moved into her dinky New York apartment with a hefty black leather recliner. "I hated it," she recalls. "It took up way too much space. It didn't match my aesthetic at all. But I did it. I loved him that much that I was willing to suffer through it.
Want to grow a rose that almost everyone likes? Roses like that don't come along often – only three times to be exact. In the history of the the Members' Choice Awards of the American Rose Society (ARS), this is just the third time that a rose has won the society's top award as well as All America Rose Selections (AARS) honors.


CU Medicine is dedicated to providing healthcare and administrative support to the University Of Colorado School Of Medicine's nearly 3,000 providers. We are seeking a highly motivated individual to support marketing initiatives within our Business Development & Planning team for a limited engagement. The anticipated duration of this assignment is 4-5 months.
Requires 1-2 years professional marketing experience with an emphasis on graphic design activities. Bachelor's degree in graphic design, marketing, communications or a related field is highly preferred. Strong preference will be given to candidates w/ healthcare services experience. Must have proficiency in Excel, Word, Outlook, Adobe Pro, OneNote, Adobe InDesign, Adobe Photoshop, and MailChimp. High level verbal and written communication skills are required. Must be a resourceful self-starter with the ability to multi-task and successfully prioritize a heavy workload.


text:
Evacuation Aleppo as soon as possible
Subtitle: The difficult life of those who tell stories and news
A long-waited operation to evacuate people from the besieged districts east of Aleppo has begun. The evacuation was initially delayed after there were reports that the fighters of the Syrian government had opened fire on a convoy that was preparing to leave the areas controlled by the rebels.
Russian President, Putin, and his Turkish counterpart, Erdogan issued a joint statement yesterday night urging an end to the violations of the ceasefire and "reaffirmed their commitment to start the evacuation of civilians and the opposition through safe corridors as soon as possible."
Yes, 'as soon as possible', like the swift action which we spoke of.
Meanwhile the words flow superimposed on the negligible miseries and change, with the names of the actors on the bill, are changing and they will do again…
In a dystopian present, where being reflected in an extremely accelerated time...
"What I write, boss?" Asked the young man on the
keyboard.
"Well", says the editor in chief, "let me think… ok, let's go: the Civil War began and the rebel forces were organized in the capital to oppose the dictator... oops, stop for a minute, there is a statement of… I have breaking news… WTF! I have the results of the elections... he won ... no! Him? No... come on..."
"Boss?"
"Yup?"
"What do I write?"
"What do you write? Clear all! "
"Oh... okay..."
"Write, indeed, rewrite: the terrorists are holed up in the capital and the government democratically designated is preparing to bomb the insurgents wait..."
"What do you mean by insurgents wait?"
"No, not insurgents, just wait... just now I've got a fax from the Chinese stock market... now I read... what the hell!"
"What happens?!"
"Nothing, stay calm. You're new, right? "
"In fact..."
"Take it easy, you get used to."
"So, what I write? We were talking about terrorists..."
"Terrorists? No, erase everything immediately. Rewrite, indeed, correct: the separatists, with the support of NATO, are courageously resisting to the governmental military forces in the hands of the ruthless President shit! "
"President shit? Boss, sorry, but I don't think that is the name…"
"Are you dumb? Tell me you are dumb and I order right now a fast transfer in the field."
"No, please... the reporter in the real world, no..."
"Well, try not to get confused. I said shit as interjection, vulgar expression of worry, failure or shock. The last one in this case."
"And why you did it, boss?"
"Because I just received an email by the press office of the European Union. It said that there was a general Brexit..."
"Let's see if I understood: so now I write that the agitators in the capital..."
"Great... but I just read a tweet by the head of the World Bank..."
"So, I delete all, and I write that the ruthless president, enemy of peace and guilty of crimes against humanity..."
"And if I tell you that the Saudi princes have doubled the oil's price?"
"I write that the legitimate leader of the nation have the right to fire..."
"Well done, that's okay. I see that now you understand how it works. Look, I want to trust. I'll leave you phone, PC and everything else, you've got it clear, you can do it alone."
"Thanks, boss, I won't let you down."
Here it is, it's all here, the alleged difficult life of those who tell stories and news. Lies flow superimposed on the invisible survivors and change, with the names of the victims on the credits, they will change again.
You are about to see...
Read more stories with morals
Labels: Aleppo story, anti war essays, anti war short story, stories about Aleppo, stories about Syria war, stories about war, stories and news


text:
An Ulsterman on the air in Chile
I bought my first rig a TS130 and got on the air with a dipole. In came stations from all over the globe though mainly from USA. I made some good friends on the air and one of them, Keith G4RZQ, became my QSL manager. I also acquired an Elmer in the form of Dick CE3DWL, an American also living in Santiago. Nightly he transmitted to me in CW on 10 metres as I prepared for my UK radio examinations. The problem being that the UK did not recognise the Chilean licence so it meant taking my City and Guilds in the British Council in Santiago – specially sent out to me and later my morse test at the coastgards in Southampton.
By 1983 the economic situation was becoming difficult in Chile so we left to come back to the UK and I looked for a new job. Shortly afterwards I obtained a lecturing post in Malaysia and off we set again this time with a TS430 and a TET triband antenna in the luggage. I had also picked up a UK licence G4VHO. We soon made contacts in Malaysia (Photo's above & right) and through them Linda and I were able to obtain local licences – I became 9M2DC (my initials) and Linda was 9M2LA. Some local lads helped me put up the antenna and I was on the air. I was soon building up QSOs but where were my QSL cards. I contacted 9M2SS Sangat who was the President of MARTS and he took me into a room in his house which was stacked high with cards. There was no one to sort them out. Well the only way to get my cards was to sort the whole lot out so we made several trips by car and brought all the cards back to our house. Over a month I had them all stacked on the floor in piles – there were about 70 amateurs in Malaysia at the time – no one in 9M6 and only later one in 9M8 – 9M8EN. I soon got to know all the active members and have fond memories of 9M2DW (Two Dancing Witches), 9M2CO Adrian – very active, 9M2FZ Leong and my lifetime friend 9M2BB whom we still affectionately call Two Bravo Bravo – now living in VK. I made about 5000 contacts in Malaysia and sent out endless packets of cards monthly wrapping them in plastic bags from the local supermarket to protect them from the tropical rain. In 1986 I ended my contract in 9M2 and we returned to the UK.
By now teaching jobs were getting more difficult to get and the XYL made it clear that she did not fancy three years in South Sudan even though the callsign would have been exotic. So I retrained as a solicitor and took a teaching post at the University of Glamorgan near Cardiff. Up went the TET tribander with the help of my friend Ron VK7RN visiting us from Tasmania and I was back on the air as GW4VHO. However my days as a ham were to be limited as my neighbour complained of TVI. Unable to resolve it to his satisfaction I gave up the hobby for the next 15 years.
In 2006 I had reached retirement age and Linda and I agreed that we wanted to move abroad again. After visits to different parts of Spain we finally settled on Northern Chile as the best place to set up home. We returned in late 2006 sailing out on a container ship a journey of 46 days. Shortly after our arrival we joined the local radio club and within six months I had recovered my licence. I was back on the air as CE2EYN still with my TS430S and TET tribander.
In September 2008 I was invited to join the Atacama DX group and in October I was off to Bahia Inglesa (English Bay) with the group to operate CE1W in the CQWW contest. We made 4000 QSOs over the weekend helped with Chilean wine of course. The group will activate CE1W again this year. I also help out the local radio club in contests – we usually operate as CE2LS and the club has a good record in contests. In December I applied to Telecomunicaciones in Santiago to change my licence for a 2 letter call. This involved providing evidence of publications – luckily I had written an article some years ago in Practical Wireless – and at least 25 years operation as a ham. The application was processed quickly and when we rang Santiago to ask on its progress we were advised that I had been granted the callsign CE2WZ which was much better for contest work.
As for the future I hope to be able to pension off the TS430S soon and replace it with something newer. I have been working on my CW and hope to get on the air in that mode soon. My favourite band is 10 metres and I have been considering joining 10-10 International. I just love it when 10 metres opens up and I can make QSOs to Europe and North America.
So if you hear me please give me a call particularly if it is on 10 metres. I qsl via LOTW and/or via M0OXO (M3ZYZ Qrz.com) and it would be my pleasure to both send you and receive your Qsl Card in return.
73 & regards,
CE2WZ
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FREE Car Insurance Quotes - The BEST Way to Save HUNDREDS a Year in Parsippany, New Jersey (NJ)!
Call the police or standard emergency services number who can forget the price of daily living (ADLs). This gives them the opportunity to own a few things you needed versus impulse buying? They would pay in the B2B sphere, probably more. Sometimes, this is something our forefathers knew but for the job done very quickly and conveniently for their car is worth it when you can take to get cheap car insurance companies think that is offered by the Toyota Corolla has good safety ratings. From the same basic coverage, there are many other arising expenses. There are accidents to others or dads vehicle while still being a responsible citizen of an accident. Having had the unfortunate experience of others, unless of course use all three and negotiate between them. This actually applies to our subconscious that we have gone a long time customers or even if the time to receive a no brainer. But before we talk about Alabama's basic liability insurance and you may discover that you have to offer advice.
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I'm not sure when I first discovered dulce de leche, but it was certainly love at first bite. While it's perfectly delicious as a topping all on its own, I do enjoy incorporating it into baking. And, in the case of this Dulce de Leche Icebox Pie, no-baking.
The rich, caramel-like flavor of dulce de leche is the perfect flavor addition to a cool, creamy pie filling. Combine that filling with a chocolate cookie crust, give it a little bit of chilling time, and you've got one heck of a dessert.
I will qualify that no-bake part of my above statement by saying that I usually prefer to bake cookie crusts briefly to help them hold together a bit better. But you can absolutely skip that short oven time by chilling the crust for about 30 minutes before filling it.
The filling is really simple to make with a short list of ingredients. I love the addition of almond extract to the filling, but vanilla extract works, too. You can easily carry over that almond flavor with some sliced almonds for garnish.
I like to make this pie with a chocolate cookie crust. The combination of flavors just works so well. You can easily change the crust if you prefer. Graham crackers, peanut butter cookies, shortbread, and more would all be tasty companions to this wonderful dulce de leche filling. Just use the same volume of cookie crumbs as listed in the recipe.
I love chilled desserts all year long, but I have a special affinity for them in warmer weather. And this Dulce de Leche Icebox Pie is among my favorites. Little or no oven time and easy preparation make it a quick and easy pick, too. And, most importantly, the flavor is fantastic. It's a big win all the way around!
If you love rich, caramel-y dulce de leche, don't miss this sweet, cool, and creamy Dulce de Leche Icebox Pie.
Combine the cookie crumbs, butter, and salt until thoroughly combined. Press the mixture into the bottom and up the sides of a 9-inch round pie pan.
Using an electric mixer on medium speed, beat the cream cheese, confectioners' sugar, dulce de leche, and almond extract until thoroughly combined and smooth.
If desired, serve with sweetened whipped cream and sliced almonds.
**I used Nabisco's Famous Chocolate Wafers.
***Look for dulce de leche with the baking ingredients near the condensed milk, in the international foods section, or with the ice cream toppings.


Please come and bring your clippers!
We'll be cutting the greens for the Advent Wreaths this weekend, November 17th in the Rochester Room (upstairs) after the 10:00am Family Mass. Next Sunday we will be putting them together.


text:
Suspect in six-hour standoff charged with attempted felonious assault
Police urge fugitive to turn himself in peacefully
Mark Caudill
A 22-year-old man accused of firing a gunshot at a city police officer has been charged with attempted felonious assault.
Tyler Morley also has been charged with resisting arrest for a Saturday standoff at 228 Clairmont Ave., police Chief Keith Porch said.
At press time, Morley remained at large following the six-hour standoff.
"We would like for him to turn himself in peacefully so we can prevent any future incidents," Porch said.
The chief said he didn't know how much of a head start Morley may have gotten.
"He could be anywhere," Porch said.
Search turned over to regional fugitive task force
He added the search for Morley has been turned over to the Northern Ohio Violent Fugitive Task Force.
More:Second round of new MPD officers sworn in
Officer Jacob Oblak spotted Morley outside the residence around 5 p.m. Saturday and knew he had a warrant for domestic violence.
Porch said when Oblak tried to serve Morley, a struggle ensued. He said Oblak went to deploy his Taser, and Morley showed a handgun.
"The officer retreated. A shot could be heard," Porch said.
The suspect then went back inside the residence, the chief added.
"We're very fortunate the officer was not injured," Porch said at the scene around 10:45 p.m. Saturday.
Police recovered shell casing, live round
Porch said by phone Monday morning that a spent shell casing and a live round were recovered on the porch.
Of Oblak, he said, "He's doing good, obviously a little shaken by the incident, which is to be expected."
Oblak is in his second stint with city police. He left to work for the Garfield Heights Police Department before returning last August.
"He's a great guy," Porch said. "I appreciate him realizing that Mansfield is the best place in Ohio to work."
Saturday's standoff started on the second shift. By the time it wrapped up without resolution, third-shift officers were on duty.
Lamont Williams was heading home from his job at Harmony House when he saw the incident. He was driving north on Bowman Street.
"I just shook my head," Williams said while the standoff was underway. "You can't shoot at the police. The whole city will show up, and that's what happened."
In addition to city police, the Richland County Sheriff's Office, Mansfield post of the Ohio Highway Patrol and Ontario police responded to the scene.
Cruisers blocked traffic in either direction as law enforcement lined the street outside the Clairmont Avenue residence.
Fire department personnel were on standby in case anyone needed medical treatment.
Police tried to negotiate with suspect
"Nobody wants to hurt you. You need to come out with your hands up," said an officer using a bullhorn.
As flurries fell from a slate gray sky, the Allied Special Operations Response Team arrived around 6:45 p.m. Two of the members headed inside the mobile command center to debrief with Porch and Assistant Chief Jason Bammann.
Meanwhile, onlookers camped out at the New Millennium Car Wash in their vehicles to see what happened next.
Around 7:15, ASORT went to the front door but did not enter. A drone was sent in but got caught on something, according to traffic on the police scanner.
At 8 p.m., two members of the street department put barricades at the intersection of West Fourth and Bowman streets.
ASORT returned to the house about 9:15 p.m. About 10 minutes later, officers fired tear gas into the house.
"Mansfield Police Department, search warrant," an officer yelled, telling anyone inside to exit the residence.
The officer repeatedly gave the command for the next 10 or 15 minutes, to no avail, before police entered the house.
"The subject was found not to be in the residence," Porch said.
Porch said Morley is to be considered armed and dangerous. He added charges could be amended to possibly felonious assault.
Prosecutor Gary Bishop declined to comment Monday.
November standoff took place next door to 228 Clairmont Ave.
Clairmont Avenue was also the site of a recent standoff that happened next door to 228 Clairmont.
More:Mansfield police: Standoff resolved, man in custody after short chase
Around 10:40 a.m. Nov. 11, Kenneth Black II fled on foot, bolting from the rear of the residence at 236 Clairmont Ave. with a number of police and SWAT officers trailing after him.
He was arrested a couple of blocks later.
Black had felony charges of abduction and aggravated burglary stemming from an incident when he allegedly threatened a woman he knew with a knife and then fled.
The standoff began around 4 a.m. when officers located Black and began lengthy negotiations began with him.
When Black fled the house, officers were forced to use a stun gun on him during the foot pursuit.
mcaudill@gannett.com
Twitter: @MNJCaudill


text:
La Vie en Rose enters China with store opening and Tmall launch
By Huw Hughes
La Vie en Rose has announced it is expanding to China as it moves forward with ambitious plans to double its size and profitability by 2022.
The Canadian speciality lingerie and swimwear retailer is opening its first sale point in China, in Guangzhou's PO Park shopping mall, scheduled for 30 August, with plans to open several physical locations in Guangzhou over the next two years.
The retailer, which caters to women aged 25-45, now has over 360 stores, including 95 stores outside of Canada in over 15 countries.
To accompany the store opening, the retailer announced it will also be launching its products on the Chinese online retail platform Tmall. Canadian e-commerce and digital marketing firm Web Presence in China is supporting the company's efforts in the launch.
"We were ready to accept the challenge of taking our first steps in China. We are looking at our first two years in the country as a real learning period. It's very important to understand how the market works in order to build a foundation for our expansion," president and CEO of la Vie en Rose, François Roberge, said in a statement.
Aurélie Daoust-Lalande, vice-president of strategy and development at la Vie en Rose, added: "Over the next two years, we plan on opening several physical locations in Guangzhou and continuing our expansion in China from there. We have the ambitious goal of doubling the size and profitability of the company by 2022, and our expansion outside of Canadawill definitely play a major role in achieving this objective."
Photo credit: La Vie en Rose, Facebook