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You are here: Home / The Soapbox: The western port of Bless Online feels like a curse
The Soapbox: The western port of Bless Online feels like a curse
June 28, 2018 by massivelyop.com
To say that the development of Neowiz's high-fantasy MMO Bless has been somewhat beleaguered would be an understatement. Since the Korean import's Western release was announced in 2011, it has weathered numerous delays; the loss of its would-be publisher, Aeria Games, which dropped out of the project in 2017 citing concerns about "quality standards", and an ambitious "rebuild project" wherein Neowiz announced a massive overhaul of the game's core systems and even considered "[abandoning] the current structure and [making] it from scratch." Despite these obstacles, however, Bless made its Stateside debut last month when it hit Steam as an Early Access title.
Its launch, however, has been every bit as tumultuous as its development, if not more so: Alongside the standard slew of post-launch hiccups that tend to plague any major MMO release, such as login queues and server outages, Bless had to contend with constant balance issues, half-baked localization, community uproar over missing content, and at least a couple of potentially game-breaking exploits – and that's just in the first week of launch.
But many a game has weathered a touch-and-go launch and hit its stride in the following weeks, so the question remains: How is Bless holding up nearly a month after its release?
The short answer is, unfortunately, not very well. Although Bless isn't entirely devoid of interesting ideas, they're largely overshadowed by generic systems that encourage – if not require – tedious grinds, a bevy of programming bugs, and countless questionable design decisions, all punctuated by poor performance optimization and conspicuously missing content.
But I'm getting ahead of myself. I'm going to do my best to look past the game's turbulent launch and evaluate it on its own merits, so let's start from the beginning: character creation, of course. Bless players have a choice between two factions, Hieron and Unión (accent intentional but inexplicable), which are depicted very much in the mode of World of Warcraft's Alliance-Horde duality: The Hieron are the "civilized empire," while the Unión is a band of rebels who wish to live free of the empire's suffocating grip.
Each faction is comprised of four different races, but I'm certainly stretching the definition of "different," as one race – the Mascu, which I can only describe as the result of unethical genetic experiments crossing Guild Wars 2's Asura with Final Fantasy XIV's Lalafell – is available to both factions, and the other races are exact mirrors of one another, identical in every respect save for their names.
There are technically eight character classes in Bless, but at the time of writing, only five of them have actually been implemented: the Guardian, the Paladin, the Ranger, the Berserker, and the Mage. The other three classes – the Assassin, the Warlock, and the Mystic – are slated to be added in the future, but as of this writing, Neowiz has not provided any definite timeframe in which players can expect their arrival.
As it stands, the selection is pretty limited. If you want to play a tank, you're stuck with Guardian; if you want to play a healer, you're stuck with Paladin; if you want to play a melee DPS, you're stuck with Berserker; and if you want to play a ranged DPS, you've got your choice of Ranger or Mage, depending on whether you prefer a physical or magical flavor. I suppose you could arguably whip up a DPS Guardian or a tanky Paladin or something of the sort, but I'm not sure how effective it would really be.
Limited race and class options aside, I have to give credit where credit is due: The character customization system in Bless is one of the best I've seen. With a frankly dizzying number of options available, from hairstyles to body art to iris designs and more, as well as a huge array of sliders for fine-tuning every aspect of a character's facial structure and physique, the game gives players an absolutely astronomical array of features with which to make their characters look unique. It's almost enough to forgive the copy-pasting of races across faction lines.
Unfortunately, I can't give the same kind of glowing praise to the gameplay itself.
Let's start with the combat. Bless attempts to set itself apart from other MMOs through its combat system, and while I'll admit that it's somewhat interesting, I'm not convinced that it's actually any better than the genre-standard hotbar design upon which it attempts to improve.
There are two main types of active skills in Bless: chain skills and non-chain skills. Chain skills, which you can consider a class's "bread-and-butter" moves, are tied to stances, of which each class has a total of six that are unlocked as they level up. Each stance has three basic chain skills tied to it (I'll be calling them chain-starters); they occupy your first three hotbar slots.
Four additional slots are reserved for non-chain skills (usually support-oriented actions like buffs, debuffs, crowd control, etc.), which unlike chain skills can be used in any stance. Chain-starter skills are used to start skill chains (surprise!), which are combinations of skills executed in succession. Each chain-starter can branch into up to three separate chains, with most chains consisting of three skills total, including the starter.
You can equip two stances at a time and can swap between them at-will. Each stance has a persistent effect that remains active while you're in that stance as well as a short-term effect that activates immediately upon switching to that stance. There's a 10-second cooldown on changing stances, though, so when you switch to a stance, you're stuck with it for a bit. This effectively prevents there being any kind of interesting interaction or synergy between skills in different stances, which I feel is a bit of a missed opportunity.
And really, "missed opportunity" is a good summary of the combat system as a whole. There are so many ways it could have been made truly unique and engaging, but the execution falls flat.
Beyond that, the way skill progression is designed tends to compound the problems. As you level up, you'll earn three different types of upgrade gems: sapphires, rose stones, and beryl. The former two can be spent to upgrade your chain and non-chain skills, respectively, while the latter is used to unlock "abilities," which I'll get to shortly.
For non-chain skills, the upgrade system is pretty straightforward: Each skill has three upgrade paths, with each path generally enhancing certain attributes of the skill at the cost of others. For instance, one upgrade path might lower a skill's cooldown time while increasing its mana cost.
The upgrade system for chain skills, however, is full of dubious design decisions. Every chain skill can be upgraded along one of two possible paths. One path usually increases the skill's potency (i.e. its raw damage or healing done) while the other generally reduces its cooldown time or mana cost. Each path consists of three upgrade levels: The first level costs 7 sapphires, the second costs 14, and the third costs 21, for a total of 42 sapphires required to fully upgrade a skill. I didn't think to keep track of the rate at which I earned sapphires as I leveled up, but at level 31 (of the 45 cap), I've got a total of 382, which is enough to fully upgrade nine skills.
Although a skill may be included in multiple different chains, even in different stances, upgrades to a skill affect only the instance of that skill in the given chain, so a skill in one chain may be significantly stronger than the same skill in another. This exacerbates the "one best chain" problem I mentioned earlier: If a chain is demonstrably the best choice in a given stance, you're probably going to throw most of your sapphires into upgrading that chain. Moreover, if you have a chain that shares one or more skills with another, but one is upgraded and the other isn't, there's little incentive to use the non-upgraded chain. And since upgrades are chain-specific, and chains are stance-specific, not only will one or two chains be clearly optimal (especially after upgrades), but one or two stances will eventually be clearly optimal to the rest.
This wouldn't be as much of a problem if it weren't for the issue of questionable skill/stance unlock progression. For example, I unlocked my Paladin's second stance at level four, but it came with only one chain, the starter skill of which has a whopping 15-second cooldown, rendering the stance effectively useless until I unlocked another chain-starter for it at level 12. Even then, it was still largely inferior to my more fleshed-out first stance, as I'd already (perhaps, I admit, unwisely) invested all of my sapphires into upgrading its skills.
And on that note, some of the skill unlocks seem to have been given absolutely no thought at all. Paladins begin the game with a single non-chain skill, Concentration, which reduces the cooldown of five skills when activated. The problem, however, is that you don't unlock the first of those five skills until level 21. Who thought it was a good idea to give a class a skill that is literally 100% useless for a good 20 levels? That's nearly halfway to the level cap before you can make use of a skill that you have from the beginning of the game.
The problem of being pigeonholed into using only a limited number of stances and chains is further amplified by the outrageous respec costs, which run at a rate of five gold per upgrade. For reference, by level 31 – just over two thirds of the way to max level – I've got about 25 gold in reserve, and that's with minimal unnecessary spending and semi-frequent sales on the auction house. To do a full respec of my chain-skill upgrades would cost me a staggering 125 gold. Naturally, if you don't have the coin to shell out for a respec, you can shell out some real-world dough for a full-respec item available from the cash shop. For what it's worth, the respec scrolls, which normally cost 300 Lumen (roughly $2.50 US) each, can currently be bought once per week for a single Lumen, but given that the cheapest package is $9.99 US for 1,200 Lumen, that doesn't feel like much of a concession.
On top of the problems with the chain-skill upgrade system, the other primary form of character progression -the "ability" system I mentioned earlier – seems half-baked as well. I put ability in quotation marks because that's what it's called in game, but they're really what many players in modern MMO parlance would call talents (i.e., passive upgrades that enhance a character's attributes), so that's how I'll refer to them from here on out.
The available talents are divided into four linear paths, meaning you can't unlock a talent until you've unlocked any talents that precede it. There seems to be no rhyme or reason to the talents in a given path, so to unlock the talents you actually want, you're probably going to have to unlock a bunch of others that are completely irrelevant to your class or playstyle. This strikes me as bizarre considering how much the other upgrade systems seem to push players toward intense specialization. And as with skill upgrades, talent respecs cost five gold per talent reset, making experimentation quite costly.
Gear progression, too, is incredibly lackluster. I don't have any hard numbers on this, but from my experience, it seems that there are maybe three or four armor sets per class per level bracket (roughly every 8-10 levels), and even fewer weapons, meaning that upgrades are meted out at a snail's pace. To make it even less exciting, there seems to be very little aesthetic variation, at least on the equipment you get as you level. Many of the armor sets I found had identical models with slightly different color schemes.
Bless deviates very little from the standard quest hub to quest hub, themepark design philosophy. There's an auto-navigation feature to help alleviate the tedium of moving from one objective to the next, but the pathfinding is terrible and often results in your character attempting to run through impassible obstacles or over unnavigable terrain. Main story quests are fully voice-acted with quality ranging from tolerable to comically amateurish, but I can't really blame the voice actors in light of the absolutely atrocious writing they had to work with.
The game's dungeons, likewise, are largely unnoteworthy. The first handful, up to level 25 or so, are easily soloable, at least as a Paladin. The mid- to late-game dungeons generally require at least a tank-healer-DPS group composition and some modicum of cooperation, and from what I understand, the endgame dungeons are fairly difficult, though whether that's the result of competent design or of the game's seemingly perpetual battle with bugs and class (im)balance, I can't say. If I were feeling generous, I'd guess it's a bit of column A, bit of column B.
But frankly, I'm not feeling generous. Normally I try to give Early Access games the benefit of the doubt, especially if they're up-front with players regarding what they can expect from the game and its future development. In the case of Bless, however, I find it difficult to be charitable. The game has been in development since at least 2011 and has gone through numerous testing phases in its various international releases. Moreover, the aforementioned falling out with Aeria Games over "quality standards" and the subsequent rebuild project seem to indicate that Neowiz is well aware that the game is far from ready for wide release.
Sure, it's not completely devoid of interesting ideas. The mount- and pet-taming system is appealing in a Pokemon-esque, gotta-catch-'em-all kind of way, but it's buried under so many layers of tedium and RNG-induced frustration as to leech it dry of any enjoyment it might provide.
The player-vs-player combat, which seems to be one of the game's key selling points and endgame activities (insofar as there is an endgame at present) could be fun, but there's virtually no incentive to participate in open-world PvP; in fact, there's a cheaply available cash-shop item that allows players to avoid it altogether. And the instanced battlegrounds, when they actually work, are sullied by frankly embarrassing class imbalance and the game's abysmal performance. Calling it a chore would be insulting to actual chores, like scrubbing soup-splatters off the inside of my microwave, which at least gives me some sense of satisfaction and accomplishment afterward.
And that brings me to my final point: the performance. It's absolutely atrocious. I'm not talking, "It's a little rough around the edges and could use some polish and optimization," either; that would be forgivable. The game constantly stalls when doing something as simple as opening a UI window or talking to an NPC. Combat feels unresponsive, often requiring multiple key presses before it registered.
My PC is what I would consider upper-mid-range, capable of running games much more graphically impressive than Bless on high-quality settings. The fact that I, like so many others, had to resort to editing the game's .ini file just to change some settings (which should be but for some reason are not present in the in-game options menu) just to make it playable is a testament to how little effort seems to have gone into quality control. To say that the game feels like an early beta would be borderline flattery.
Also, this seems like a good time to mention that all of the screenshots that accompany this article were taken from the game's official site. I tried to run around and take some high-quality shots of my own, but after spending a solid half hour of constantly waiting for the game to catch up to my inputs every time I took a step, I got frustrated and gave up. If you have access to a rig capable of smoothly running the game on high enough settings to make it look like these screens, then congratulations on being a NASA engineer and/or obscenely wealthy.
Even if the game's mechanics and features were groundbreaking and masterfully designed (and they are not), the fact is that Bless is poorly optimized, riddled with buggy shenanigans, and nowhere near finished, much less polished, enough to warrant Neowiz actually charging people money to play it.
Do I think Bless is a fun game? No. Obviously. Could it, with enough effort from the developers, become a fun game? Maybe. But at the rate things have been going, it seems increasingly unlikely that it's going to happen any time before the sun implodes, heralding the end of days. Or before the game starts hemorrhaging money and gets shut down, which hopefully will happen first.
Everyone has opinions, and The Soapbox is how we indulge ours. Join the Massively OP writers as we take turns atop our very own soapbox to deliver unfettered editorials a bit outside our normal purviews (and not necessarily shared across the staff). Think we're spot on — or out of our minds? Let us know in the comments!
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Room for whom?
Public properties are owned by people, not by those at the helm of affairs
The Social Welfare Council in Lainchaur was set up during the monarchy to deal with donor agencies. Today, it heads both national and international non-governmental organisations and is staffed by over a hundred officials. A Cabinet decision taken on September 18, however, seeks to turn this stately old building into an office and residence for Vice-President Nanda Bahadur Pun. The decision was made after concluding that the current vice-presidential premises are congested and therefore unfit for high office.
The Gorkha earthquake heavily damaged Bahadur Bhawan, the office of the Vice President, with cracks on the ceilings and walls. Making an alternate arrangement for Pun is a legitimate concern. The president and vice-president need a residence and working space that befits their office. However, both the president and vice-president are ceremonial officials, not executive office-bearers. The Cabinet's assessment that the current premises are crowded and unfit for office must be critically assessed.
What are the current arrangements and why is there a need for another residence or an expansion when the duties of the president and vice-president include ceremonial stamps and welcoming heads of state and government? And even if the vice president needs to move out of Bahadur Bhawan, are the Social Welfare Council premises, a fully functioning office, the only space available for relocation?
Public properties are owned collectively by the people, not by those at the helm of affairs. An institution like the Social Welfare Council needs a well-functioning office; it cannot be shunted off simply to make way for the vice-president. Finding a building large enough to accommodate its many staff will be a herculean task.
The same goes for the decision to expand Sheetal Niwas by shifting the police academy. At the moment, the building is on 193 ropanis of land, owned and maintained by the Nepal Police Training Academy, a vibrant institution. The government's decision to shift this academy, the only centre with full training infrastructure solely because the presidential residence needs to be expanded is futile. The government has made plans to shift the academy to Panauti, where new infrastructure will need to be built from scratch, an endeavour that is assumed to take at least 10-15 years.
Those who exercise public power must work for the public. Instead of spending its resources and time on expanding the residences of ceremonial heads of the country, the government should invest more effort into formulating the laws and policies that the country desperately needs. While heads of state deserve residence and offices that are worthy of their stature, these should not come at the cost of functioning public entities. The decision to relocate the offices has already been made. It is now up to the government to ensure that this relocation will not affect the work of the institutions that they are displacing.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1. Concurrent findings of fact by district court and circuit court of appeals are conclusive when not plainly erroneous.
(1) That the duty to "treat" with the representative so certified is mandatory. P. 300 U. S. 547.
(2) The statute does not undertake to compel agreement, and does not preclude the employer from entering into individual contracts directly with individual employees, but it requires the employer to "treat with" the authorized representative of the employees, that is, to meet and confer with their representative, to listen to their complaints, and to make reasonable effort to compose differences. P. 300 U. S. 548.
(3) The duty is to treat with the authorized representative exclusively. P. 300 U. S. 548.
(4) The duty is enforceable by injunction. P. 300 U. S. 549.
3. A court of equity may refuse to act when it cannot give effective relief; but whether a decree should be refused as useless is a matter of judgment addressed to the special circumstances of each case. P. 300 U. S. 550.
4. In determining whether the duty of a carrier to treat with the authorized representative of its employees is enforceable by mandatory injunction, weight is attached to the judgment of Congress that conference between carriers and employees is a powerful aid to industrial peace; and it will not be assumed that such negotiation will not result in agreement or lead to successful mediation or arbitration. P. 300 U. S. 551.
5. The peaceable settlement of labor controversies that may seriously impair the ability of an interstate carrier to perform its service to the public is a matter of public concern. P. 300 U. S. 552.
6. Courts of equity go much farther in furtherance of the public interest than when only private interests are involved. P. 300 U. S. 552.
7. The fact that, by the Railway Labor Act, Congress has indicated its purpose to make negotiation between carrier and employees obligatory in case of industrial controversy is, in itself, a declaration of public interest and policy. P. 300 U. S. 552.
8. The power of Congress over interstate commerce extends to such regulations of the relations of rail carriers to their employees as are reasonably calculated to prevent the interruption of interstate commerce by strikes and their attendant disorders. P. 300 U. S. 553.
9. It was for Congress to choose the means by which its objective of securing the uninterrupted service of interstate railroads was to be secured, and its judgment, expressed in the Railway Labor Act and confirmed by the history of industrial disputes and of railroad labor relations, is not open to review here. P. 300 U. S. 553.
10. The activities of "back shop" employees engaged on heavy repairs on locomotives and cars withdrawn from service for long periods are held to bear such relation to the interstate activities of the carrier as to be regarded as part of them -- (Employers' Liability Cases, 207 U. S. 463 distinguished) -- all subject to the power of Congress over interstate commerce. P. 300 U. S. 554.
11. Although the carrier in this case might have turned over its back shop repair work to independent contractors, its determination to make its own repairs, and the nature of the work done, brought its relations with the back shop employees within the purview of the Railway Labor Act. P. 300 U. S. 557.
12. The provisions of the Railway Labor Act prohibiting company unions and imposing on the railway the duty of "treating with"
the authorized representative of its employees for the purpose of negotiating a labor dispute do not infringe the rights of the carrier under the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment. P. 300 U. S. 557.
13. In this regard, the Railway could complain only of infringement of its own constitutional immunity, not that of the employees. P. 300 U. S. 558.
14. Under § 2, Fourth, of the Railway Labor Act, at an election participated in by a majority of the employees entitled to vote, the vote of a majority of the participants determines the choice of representative. P. 300 U. S. 559.
15. A certificate of the National Mediation Board, certifying, in conformity with the Railway Labor Act, that, as the result of an election, a specified union has been designated to represent a craft of employees, and showing on its face the total number of votes case in favor of each candidate, is not void because it fails to state the total number of eligible voters in the craft, but is prima facie sufficient, and the omitted fact is open to inquiry by the court asked to enforce the command of the statute, § 2, Ninth. P. 300 U. S. 561.
"every restraining order or injunction granted in a case involving or growing out of a labor dispute shall include only a prohibition of such specific act or acts as may be expressly complained of in the bill of complaint or petition filed in such case and as shall be expressly included in . . . findings of fact made and filed by the court"
is not inconsistent with the mandatory injunction in this case. P. 300 U. S. 562.
17. Specific provisions of a later Act cannot be rendered nugatory by more general provisions of an earlier Act. P. 300 U. S. 563.
84 F.2d 641 affirmed. D.C., 11 F.Supp. 621.
Certiorari, 299 U.S. 529, to review the affirmance of a decree rendered by the District Court against the Railway Company in a suit by the Federation. The decree commanded the Company to treat with the Federation as the duly accredited representative of the Company's shop craft employees in respect of pay, working conditions, etc., and restrained the Company from interfering with, influencing, or coercing such employees in their free choice of their representatives, etc.
This case presents questions as to the constitutional validity of certain provisions of the Railway Labor Act of May 20, 1926, c. 347, 44 Stat. 577, as amended by the Act of June 21, 1934, c. 691, 48 Stat. 1185, 45 U.S.C. §§ 151-163, and as to the nature and extent of the relief which courts are authorized by the act to give.
Respondents are System Federation No. 40, which will be referred to as the Federation, a labor organization affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and representing shop craft employees of petitioner railway, and certain individuals who are officers and members of the System Federation. They brought the present suit in equity in the District Court for Eastern Virginia, to compel petitioner, an interstate rail carrier, to recognize and treat with respondent Federation as the duly accredited representative of the mechanical department employees of petitioner, and to restrain petitioner from in any way interfering with, influencing, or coercing its shop craft employees in their free choice of representatives, for the purpose of contracting with petitioner with respect to rules, rates of pay, and working conditions, and for the purpose of considering and settling disputes between petitioner and such employees.
The history of this controversy goes back to 1922, when, following the failure of a strike by petitioner's shop employees affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, other employees organized a local union known as the "Mechanical Department Association of the Virginian Railway." The Association thereupon entered into an agreement with petitioner providing for rates of pay and working conditions, and for the settlement of disputes with respect to them, but no substantial grievances were ever presented to petitioner by the Association. It maintained its organization and held biennial elections of officers, but the notices of election were sent out by petitioner and all Association expenses were paid by petitioner.
In 1927, the American Federation of Labor formed a local organization which, in 1934, demanded recognition by petitioner of its authority to represent the shop craft employees, and invoked the aid of the National Mediation Board, constituted under the Railway Labor Act, as amended, to establish its authority. The Board, pursuant to agreement between the petitioner, the Federation, and the Association, and in conformity to the statute, held an election by petitioner's shop craft employees to choose representatives for the purpose of collective bargaining with petitioner. As the result of the election, the Board certified that the Federation was the duly accredited representative of petitioner's employees in the six shop crafts.
"exert every reasonable effort to make and maintain agreements concerning rates of pay, rules and working conditions, and to settle all disputes, whether arising out of the application of such agreements or otherwise. . . ."
"relating to rules, rates of pay and working conditions or for the purpose of considering and deciding disputes between the Mechanical Department employees"
and petitioner. The decree further restrained the petitioner from organizing or fostering any union of its mechanical department employees for the purpose of interfering with the Federation as the accredited representative of such employees. 11 F.Supp. 621.
On appeal, the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit approved and adopted the findings of the District Court and affirmed its decree. 84 F.2d 641. This Court granted certiorari to review the cause as one of public importance. 299 U.S. 529.
our decision, will be referred to later in the course of this opinion.
The concurrent findings of fact of the two courts below are not shown to be plainly erroneous or unsupported by evidence. We accordingly accept them as the conclusive basis for decision, Texas & N.O. R. Co. v. Brotherhood of Railway & S.S. Clerks, 281 U. S. 548, 281 U. S. 558; Pick Mfg. Co. v. General Motors Corp., 299 U. S. 3, 299 U. S. 4, and address ourselves to the questions of law raised on the record.
"to encourage settlement without strikes, first by conference between the parties, failing that, by reference to adjustment boards of the parties' own choosing and, if this is ineffective, by a full hearing before a national board."
Pennsylvania Federation v. Pennsylvania R. Co., 267 U. S. 203, 267 U. S. 216.
to arbitration before an impartial board, but it supported that policy by the imposition of legal obligations. It provided means for enforcing the award obtained by arbitration between the parties to labor disputes. Section 9. In certain circumstances, it prohibited any change in conditions, by the parties to an unadjusted labor dispute, for a period of thirty days, except by agreement. Section 10. It recognized their right to designate representatives for the purposes of the act "without interference, influence, or coercion exercised by either party over the self-organization or designation of representatives by the other." Section 2, Third. 44 Stat. 577. Under the last-mentioned provision, this Court held, in the Railway Clerks Case, supra, that employees were free to organize and to make choice of their representatives without the "coercive interference" and "pressure" of a company union organized and maintained by the employer, and that the statute protected the freedom of choice of representatives, which was an essential of the statutory scheme, with a legal sanction which it was the duty of courts to enforce by appropriate decree.
decree which enjoins any interference by it with the free choice of representatives by its employees, and the fostering, in the circumstances of this case, of the company union. That contention is not open to it in view of our decision in the Railway Clerks Case, supra, and of the unambiguous language of § 2, Third, and Fourth, of the act, as amended.
"and exert every reasonable effort to make and maintain agreements concerning rates of pay, rules, and working conditions, and to settle all disputes whether arising out of the application of such agreements or otherwise."
"upon receipt of such certification, the carrier shall treat with the representative so certified as the representative of the craft or class for the purposes of this Act. "
and certification by the Mediation Board, and commanded the carrier to treat with the representative so certified. That the command was limited in its application to the case of intervention and certification by the Mediation Board indicates not that its words are precatory, but only that Congress hit at the evil "where experience shows it to be most felt." Keokee Consol. Coke Co. v. Taylor, 234 U. S. 224, 234 U. S. 227.
it was before amendment, and which alone would tend to effect the purpose of the legislation. The statute does not undertake to compel agreement between the employer and employees, but it does command those preliminary steps without which no agreement can be reached. It at least requires the employer to meet and confer with the authorized representative of its employees, to listen to their complaints, to make reasonable effort to compose differences -- in short, to enter into a negotiation for the settlement of labor disputes such as is contemplated by § 2, First.
the injunction against petitioner's entering into any contract concerning rules, rates of pay, and working conditions, except with respondent, is designed only to prevent collective bargaining with any one purporting to represent employees, other than respondent, who has been ascertained to be their true representative. When read in its context, it must be taken to prohibit the negotiation of labor contracts, generally applicable to employees in the mechanical department, with any representative other than respondent, but not as precluding such individual contracts as petitioner may elect to make directly with individual employees. The decree, thus construed, conforms, in both its affirmative and negative aspects, to the requirements of § 2.
compel them to take the preliminary steps which may result in agreement.
There is no want of capacity in the court to direct complete performance of the entire obligation; both the negative duties not to maintain a company union and not to negotiate with any representative of the employees other than respondent and the affirmative duty to treat with respondent. Full performance of both is commanded by the decree in terms which leave in no uncertainty the requisites of performance. In compelling compliance with either duty, it does far less than has been done in compelling the discharge of a contractual or statutory obligation calling for a construction or engineering enterprise, New Orleans, M. & T. Ry. Co. v. Mississippi, 112 U. S. 12; Wheeling Traction Co. v. Board of Commissioners, 248 F. 205; see Gas Securities Co. v. Antero & Lost Park Reservoir Co., 259 F. 423, 433; Board of Commissioners v. A. V. Wills & Sons, 236 F. 362, 380; Jones v. Parker, 163 Mass. 564, 40 N.E. 1044, or in granting specific performance of a contract for the joint use of a railroad bridge and terminals, Joy v. St. Louis, 138 U. S. 1; Union Pacific Ry. Co. v. Chicago, R.I. & P. Ry. Co., 163 U. S. 564; cf. Prospect Park & Coney Island R. Co. v. Coney Island & Brooklyn R. Co., 144 N.Y. 152, 39 N.E. 17, 26 L.R.A. 610. Whether an obligation has been discharged, and whether action taken or omitted is in good faith or reasonable, are everyday subjects of inquiry by courts in framing and enforcing their decrees.
It is true that a court of equity may refuse to give any relief when it is apparent that that which it can give will not be effective or of benefit to the plaintiff. Equity will not decree the execution of a partnership agreement, since it cannot compel the parties to remain partners, see Hyer v. Richmond Traction Co., 168 U. S. 471, 168 U. S. 482, or compel one to enter into performance of a contract of personal service which it cannot adequately control, Rutland Marble Co.
v. Ripley, 10 Wall. 339, 77 U. S. 358; Karrick v. Hannaman, 168 U. S. 328, 168 U. S. 336; Tobey v. Bristol, Fed.Cas. No. 14,065; Weeks v. Pratt, 43 F.2d 53, 57; Railway Labor Act, § 2, Tenth. But the extent to which equity will go to give relief where there is no adequate remedy at law is not a matter of fixed rule. It rests, rather, in the sound discretion of the court. Willard v. Tayloe, 8 Wall. 557, 75 U. S. 565; Joy v. St. Louis, supra, 138 U. S. 47; Morrison v. Work, 266 U. S. 481, 266 U. S. 490; Curran v. Holyoke Water Power Co., 116 Mass. 90, 92. Whether the decree will prove so useless as to lead a court to refuse to give it is a matter of judgment to be exercised with reference to the special circumstances of each case, rather than to general rules, which, at most, are but guides to the exercise of discretion. It is a familiar rule that a court may exercise its equity powers, or equivalent mandamus powers, United States ex rel. Greathouse v. Dern, 289 U. S. 352, 289 U. S. 359, to compel courts, boards, or officers to act in a matter with respect to which they may have jurisdiction or authority, although the court will not assume to control or guide the exercise of their authority, Interstate Commerce Comm'n v. Humboldt S.S. Co., 224 U. S. 474; Louisville Cement Co. v. Interstate Commerce Comm'n, 246 U. S. 638; see Work v. United States ex rel. Rives, 267 U. S. 175, 267 U. S. 184; Wilbur v. United States ex rel. Kadrie, 281 U. S. 206, 281 U. S. 218.
Mediation Board, § 5, First, or the parties may agree to seek the benefits of the arbitration provision of § 7. With the coercive influence of the company union ended, and in view of the interest of both parties in avoiding a strike, we cannot assume that negotiation, as required by the decree, will not result in agreement, or lead to successful mediation or arbitration, or that the attempt to secure one or another through the relief which the district court gave is not worth the effort.
Line v. Atlantic Fruit Co., 264 U. S. 109, 264 U. S. 119, 264 U. S. 121; Marine Transit Corp. v. Dreyfus, 284 U. S. 263, 284 U. S. 278.
The decree is authorized by the statute and was granted in an appropriate exercise of the equity powers of the court.
to the end sought, and hence are within the congressional power. See Railway Clerks case, supra, 281 U. S. 570; Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton R. Co., 295 U. S. 330, 295 U. S. 369.
upon the equipment used by petitioner in its transportation service, 97 percent of which is interstate. At times, a continuous stream of engines and cars passes through the "back shops" for such repairs. When not engaged in repair work, the back shop employees perform "store order work," the manufacture of material such as rivets and repair parts, to be placed in railroad stores for use at the Princeton shop and other points on the line.
The activities in which these employees are engaged have such a relation to the other confessedly interstate activities of the petitioner that they are to be regarded as a part of them. All, taken together, fall within the power of Congress over interstate commerce. Baltimore & Ohio R. Co. v. Interstate Commerce Comm'n, 221 U. S. 612, 221 U. S. 619; cf. Pedersen v. Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. Co., 229 U. S. 146, 229 U. S. 151. Both courts below have found that interruption by strikes of the back shop employees, if more than temporary, would seriously cripple petitioner's interstate transportation. The relation of the back shop to transportation is such that a strike of petitioner's employees there, quite apart from the likelihood of its spreading to the operating department, would subject petitioner to the danger, substantial, though possibly indefinable in its extent, of interruption of the transportation service. The cause is not remote from the effect. The relation between than is not tenuous. The effect on commerce cannot be regarded as negligible. See United States v. Railway Employees' Department of American Federation of Labor, 290 F. 978, 981, holding participation of back shop employees in the nationwide railroad shopmen's strike of 1922 to constitute an interference with interstate commerce. As the regulation here in question is shown to be an appropriate means of avoiding that danger, it is within the power of Congress.
It is no answer, as petitioner suggests, that it could close its back shops and turn over the repair work to independent contractors. Whether the railroad should do its repair work in its own shops or in those of another is a question of railroad management. It is petitioner's determination to make its own repairs which has brought its relations with shop employees within the purview of the Railway Labor Act. It is the nature of the work done and its relation to interstate transportation which afford adequate basis for the exercise of the regulatory power of Congress.
The Employers' Liability Cases, 207 U. S. 463, 207 U. S. 498, which mentioned railroad repair shops as a subject beyond the power to regulate commerce, are not controlling here. Whatever else may be said of that pronouncement, it is obvious that the commerce power is as much dependent upon the type of regulation as its subject matter. It is enough for present purposes that experience has shown that the failure to settle, by peaceful means, the grievances of railroad employees with respect to rates of pay, rules or working conditions, is far more likely to hinder interstate commerce than the failure to compensate workers who have suffered injury in the course of their employment.
(B) Validity of § 2 of the Railway Labor Act Under the Fifth Amendment. The provisions of the Railway Labor Act applied in this case, as construed by the court below, and as we construe them, do not require petitioner to enter into any agreement with its employees, and they do not prohibit its entering into such contract of employment as it chooses, with its individual employees. They prohibit only such use of the company union as, despite the objections repeated here, was enjoined in the Railway Clerks case, supra, and they impose on petitioner only the affirmative duty of "treating with" the authorized representatives of its employees for the purpose of negotiating a labor dispute.
Even though Congress, in the choice of means to effect a permissible regulation of commerce, must conform to due process, Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton R. Co., supra, 295 U. S. 347; Chicago, R.I. & P. Ry. Co. v. United States, 284 U. S. 80, 284 U. S. 97; see Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford, 295 U. S. 555, 295 U. S. 589, it is evident that where, as here, the means chosen are appropriate to the permissible end, there is little scope for the operation of the due process clause. The railroad can complain only of the infringement of its own constitutional immunity, not that of its employees. Erie R. Co. v. Williams, 233 U. S. 685, 233 U. S. 697; Jeffrey Mfg. Co. v. Blagg, 235 U. S. 571, 235 U. S. 576; Rail & River Coal Co. v. Yaple, 236 U. S. 338, 236 U. S. 349; cf. Hawkins v. Bleakly, 243 U. S. 210, 243 U. S. 214. And the Fifth Amendment, like the Fourteenth, see West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, decided this day, ante, is not a guarantee of untrammeled freedom of action and of contract. In the exercise of its power to regulate commerce, Congress can subject both to restraints not shown to be unreasonable. Such are the restraints of the Safety Appliance Act, Johnson v. Southern Pac. Co., 196 U. S. 1; of the act imposing a wage scale on rail carriers; Wilson v. New, supra; of the Railroad Employers' Liability Act, Second Employers' Liability Cases, 223 U. S. 1; of the act fixing maximum hours of service for railroad employees whose duties control or affect the movement of trains, Baltimore & Ohio R. Co. v. Interstate Commerce Commission, supra; of the act prohibiting the prepayment of seamen's wages, Patterson v. Bark Eudora, 190 U. S. 169.
judged in the light of the conditions which have occasioned the exercise of governmental power. If the compulsory settlement of some differences, by arbitration, may be within the limits of due process, see Hardware Dealers Mutual Fire Ins. Co. v. Glidden Co., 284 U. S. 151, it seems plain that the command of the statute to negotiate for the settlement of labor disputes, given in the appropriate exercise of the commerce power, cannot be said to be so arbitrary or unreasonable as to infringe due process.
Adair v. United States, 208 U. S. 161, and Coppage v. Kansas, 236 U. S. 1, have no present application. The provisions of the Railway Labor Act invoked here neither compel the employer to enter into any agreement nor preclude it from entering into any contract with individual employees. They do not "interfere with the normal exercise of the right of the carrier to select its employees or to discharge them." See the Railway Clerks case, supra, 281 U. S. 571.
There remains to be considered petitioner's contentions that the certificate of the National Mediation Board is invalid, and that the injunction granted is prohibited by the provisions of the Norris-LaGuardia Act, of March 23, 1932, c. 90, 47 Stat. 70, 29 U.S.C. §§ 101-115.
the certification of the Federation as the representative of the blacksmiths because less than a majority of that craft, although a majority of those voting, voted for the Federation.
Petitioner construes this section as requiring that a representative be selected by the votes of a majority of eligible voters. It is to be noted that the words of the section confer the right of determination upon a majority of those eligible to vote, but is silent as to the manner in which that right shall be exercised. Election laws providing for approval of a proposal by a specified majority of an electorate have been generally construed as a requiring only the consent of the specified majority of those participating in the election. Carroll County v. Smith, 111 U. S. 556; Douglass v. Pike County, 101 U. S. 677; Louisville & Nashville R. Co. v. County Court of Davidson County, 1 Sneed.(Tenn.) 637; Montgomery County Fiscal Court v. Trimble, 104 Ky. 629, 47 S.W. 773. Those who do not participate "are presumed to assent to the expressed will of the majority of those voting." Cass County v. Johnston, 95 U. S. 360, 95 U. S. 369, and see Carroll County v. Smith, supra.
Mediation Board scheduled an election to be determined by a majority of the eligible voters, but that the Federation's subsequent protest that the Railway was influencing the men not to vote caused the Board to hold a new election to be decided by the ballots of a majority of those voting.
It is significant of the congressional intent that the language of § 2, Fourth, was taken from a rule announced by the United States Railroad Labor Board, acting under the labor provisions of the Transportation Act of 1920, Decision No. 119, International Association of Machinists v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. 2 Dec.U.S.Railroad Labor Board, 87, 96, par. 15. Prior to the adoption of the Railway Labor Act, this rule was interpreted by the Board, in Decision No. 1971, Brotherhood of Railway & S.S. Clerks v. Southern Pacific Lines, 4 Dec.U.S.Railroad Labor Board 625, where it appeared that a majority of the craft participated in the election. The Board ruled, p. 639, that a majority of the votes cast was sufficient to designate a representative. A like interpretation of § 2, Fourth, was sustained in Association of Clerical Employees v. Brother of Railway & S.S. Clerks, 85 F.2d 152.
set out. See Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U. S. 388; United States v. Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & P.R. Co., 294 U. S. 499; Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. United States, 295 U. S. 193.
The practice contended for is undoubtedly desirable, but it is not required by the present statute or by the authorities upon which petitioner relies. The National Mediation Board makes no order. The command which the decree of the court enforces is that of the statute, not of the Board. Its certificate that the Federation is the authorized representative of the employees is the ultimate finding of fact prerequisite to enforcement by the courts of the command of the statute. There is no contention that this finding is conclusive in the absence of a finding of the basic facts on which it rests -- that is to say, the number of eligible voters, the number participating in the election, and the choice of the majority of those who participate. Whether the certification, if made as to those facts, is conclusive it is unnecessary now to determine. But we think it plain that, if the Board omits to certify any of them, the omitted fact is open to inquiry by the court asked to enforce the command of the statute. See Dismuke v. United States, 297 U. S. 167, 297 U. S. 171-173. Such inquiry was made by the trial court which found the number of eligible voters, and thus established the correctness of the Board's ultimate conclusion. The certificate which conformed to the statutory requirement, was prima facie sufficient, and was not shown to be invalid for want of the requisite supporting facts.
or acts as may be expressly complained of in the bill of complaint or petition filed in such case and as shall be expressly included in . . . findings of fact made and filed by the court."
"shall be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection."
It suffices to say that the Norris-LaGuardia Act can affect the present decree only so far as its provisions are found not to conflict with those of § 2, Ninth, of the Railway Labor Act, authorizing the relief which has been granted. Such provisions cannot be rendered nugatory by the earlier and more general provisions of the Norris-LaGuardia Act. See the Railway Clerks case, supra, 281 U. S. 571; cf. Callahan v. United States, 285 U. S. 515, 285 U. S. 518; Walla Walla v. Walla Walla Water Co., 172 U. S. 1, 172 U. S. 22; International Alliance v. Rex Theatre Corp., 73 F.2d 92, 93.
"the defendant, by and through its officers, agents and servants, undertook by means of the circulation of a petition or petitions addressed to the National Mediation Board to have the certification of the National Mediation Board aforesaid altered, changed, or revoked so as to deprive its Mechanical Department employes of the right to representation by said System Federation No. 40, Railway Employes Department of the American Federation of Labor, so designated as aforesaid, and thereafter did cause to be organized the Independent Shop Crafts Association by individual Mechanical Department employes by circulating or causing to be circulated applications for membership in said Independent Shop Crafts Association notwithstanding the certification as aforesaid by the National Mediation Board of said System Federation No. 40, Railway Employes Department of the American Federation of Labor, as the authorized representative of its Mechanical Department employes, . . ."
"(2) to forbid any limitation upon freedom of association among employees or any denial, as a condition of employment or otherwise, of the right of employees to join a labor organization"
"(3) to provide for the complete independence of carriers and of employees in the matter of self-organization to carry out the purposes of this Act (chapter)."
"it shall be unlawful for any carrier to interfere in any way with the organization of its employees, or to use the funds of the carrier in maintaining or assisting or contributing to any labor organization . . . or to influence or coerce employees in an effort to induce them to join or remain or not to join or remain members of any labor organization,"
The 1934 amendment imposed various other obligations upon the carrier, to which criminal penalties were attached, e.g., prohibitions against helping unions, by contributions of funds, or assistance in the collection of dues, § 2, Fourth; against requiring employees to promise to join or not to join a labor union, § 2, Fifth; against changing rates of pay, etc., without specifying a conference upon thirty days' notice, § 2, Seventh; and see the requirement that the carrier post notices that all disputes will be determined in accordance with the act, § 2, Eighth.
"For every dispute submitted to . . . these Boards, there were many others considered and settled in conferences between representatives of carriers and of the employees as required by § 2, second, of the Act."
"If we have a threat of a strike now [on the railroads] it might be on a big fundamental question, like wages and hours, and we usually find we can settle those by arbitration or otherwise. . . . But if the issues involved were discrimination or discharge of men because they had joined the organization, or the question would be the right of the organization to represent them, we could not have settled those strikes."
See Governmental Protection of Labor's Right to Organize, National Labor Relations Board, Division of Economic Research, Bull. No. 1, August, 1936, pp. 17-18.
"The purpose of the bill is . . . [inter alia] to outlaw the attempt that has been made in numerous instances by employers who control alleged labor unions, and thereby to use a slang phrase, to 'gum up the works'. . . . We have had 8 years of operation of this act, and we have prevented any strikes. But strikes have been threatened because of the defects which have been found in this bill."
"The Government interprets the negative obligations imposed by the statute and decree as having the following effect:"
"When the majority of a craft or class has (either by secret ballot or otherwise) selected a representative, the carrier cannot make with anyone other than the representative a collective contract (i.e., a contract which sets rates of pay, rules, or working conditions), whether the contract covers the class as a whole or a part thereof. Neither the statute nor the decree prevents the carrier from refusing to make a collective contract and hiring individuals on whatever terms the carrier may by unilateral action determine. In hirings of that sort, the individual does not deal in a representative capacity with the carrier, and the hiring does not set general rates of pay, rules, or working conditions. Of course, as a matter of voluntary action, not as a result of the statute or the decree, the carrier may contract with the duly designated representative to hire individuals only on the terms of a collective understanding between the carrier and the representative; but any such agreement would be entirely voluntary on the carrier's part, and would in no sense be compelled."
"If the majority of a craft or class has not selected a representative, the carrier is free to make with anyone it pleases and for any group it pleases contracts establishing rates of pay, rules, or working conditions."
There was evidence available to Congress that the labor policy embodied in the Railway Labor Act had been successful in curbing strikes. In the eight years subsequent to the passage of the 1926 Act, there were only two small railroad strikes. Since the 1934 amendment, there has been but one. See National Mediation Board, First Annual Report, For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1935, p. 8; Second Annual Report, For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1936, p. 1.
Yet there were many disputes between rail carriers and their employees. Apart from the more trivial grievances and differences of opinion in the interpretation of agreements, 876 disputes, principally over changes in rates of pay, rules or working conditions, were referred to the United States Board of Mediation between 1926 and 1934. The following table, derived from its Eighth Annual Report, For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1934, pp. 4-5, indicates the success of the mediation and arbitration machinery set up by the Railway Labor Act.
But statistics show that many more labor disputes were settled by direct negotiation, supra, footnote 4 and Congress might reasonably have feared that the action of certain railroads in negotiating only with unions dominated by them would prevent such settlements and lead to strikes. See supra, footnote 5 That there were many disputes, apparent and latent, for which the 1926 Act had not provided adequate machinery is shown by the large number of representation disputes (more than 230) referred to the National Mediation Board in the first two years of its existence, see First Annual Report, For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1935, p. 9; Second Annual Report, For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1936, pp. 5, 7.
"The absence of strikes in the railroad industry, particularly during the last two years when widespread strikes, the usual accompaniment of business recovery, prevailed throughout the country, is to be explained primarily not by the mediation machinery of the Railway Labor Act, but by the existence of these collective labor contracts. For, while they are in existence, these contracts provide orderly, legal processes of settling all disputes as a substitute for strikes and industrial warfare."


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text:
Epic Games worth $8 billion following Fortnite success
Battle Royale boost also means CEO and founder Tim Sweeney is now a billionaire
Fortnite is taking Epic Games to new heights, with a recent valuation revealing the company is worth up to $8 billion.
The figure comes from Bloomberg's analysis of the gaming phenomenon, with the site's Billionaires Index placing Epic's value between $5 billion and $8 billion. Of course, this is based on all of the firm's business, including the Unreal Engine, but with Fortnite on course to generate $2 billion this year, it's safe to say the Battle Royale game is a major factor.
It's a significant jump from the $825 million Epic was valued at when Tencent purchased its 40 per cent stake back in 2012.
The report suggests that, based on the trading multiples of major publishers such as Electronic Arts and Activision Blizzard, Epic Games could be worth as much as $14 billion if it were put up for sale. One analyst added that even if Fortnite lost momentum, only generating $1 billion per year, Epic could still be sold for $7.5 billion.
Bloomberg adds that the growth of both Fortnite and Epic Games has made CEO and founder Tim Sweeney, the controlling shareholder, a billionaire.
The success of Fortnite itself has been well documented - most recently with the revelation that daily mobile revenues reached $2 million, and that since launch the Battle Royale game has generated more than $1 billion from in-app purchases alone. But it's interesting to see the overall impact on its developer.
Earlier this month we saw a good indication of how much Epic is benefitting from the growth of Fortnite as it reduced its cut from sales made through the Unreal Engine Marketplace. Not only has it dropped its share of each purchase from 30% to 12%, it has also applied this retroactively, meaning a welcome windfall for any developers using the platform.
Update: Apple says Epic's "reckless behavior made pawns of customers", and it "looks forward to making this clear to UK courts"
Epic acquires Rad Game Tools
Unreal Engine maker picks up company behind Bink, Oodle, Telemetry, and more
By Brendan Sinclair


text:
Q: Veutify animating v-data-table
<v-data-table
    :headers="headers"
    :items="rows"
    :items-per-page="30"
     class="elevation-1">

          <template slot="rows" slot-scope="props">
              {{props.rows.username}}
              {{props.rows.password}}
          </template>
          <template v-slot:item.view="{ item }">
              <button v-on:click="viewUser(item.userId)" class="btn btn-outline-info">View Patient Data</button>
          </template>
          <template slot="rows" slot-scope="props">
          {{props.rows.email}}
          </template>
  </v-data-table>

How do I make it so every time a new row appears it fades in rather than "just appearing"?
Thank you

A: It is possible to add animation transitions to vuetify data table when adding new rows

Working codepen here: https://codepen.io/chansv/full/GRROZXd
https://codepen.io/chansv/pen/GRROZXd

  <v-app id="inspire">
   <v-card>
    <v-btn @click="addRow" color="primary">click to add row</v-btn>
     </v-card>
    <v-data-table
      :headers="headers"
      :items="desserts"
      class="elevation-1"
      hide-default-footer
    >
      <template v-slot:body="props">

          <template >

            {{item.name}}
            {{item.calories}}
            {{item.fat}}
            {{item.carbs}}
            {{item.protein}}
            {{item.iron}}

            </template>

      </template>
    </v-data-table>
  </v-app>

Added this css

.fade-enter-active, .fade-leave-active {
        transition: all 1s;
      }
      .fade-enter, .fade-leave-to /* .fade-leave-active below version 2.1.8 */ {
        opacity: 0;
      }
.row {
  display: table-row;
}

In script

new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  vuetify: new Vuetify(),
  data () {
    return {
      headers: [
        {
          text: 'Dessert (100g serving)',
          align: 'left',
          sortable: false,
          value: 'name',
        },
        { text: 'Calories', value: 'calories' },
        { text: 'Fat (g)', value: 'fat' },
        { text: 'Carbs (g)', value: 'carbs' },
        { text: 'Protein (g)', value: 'protein' },
        { text: 'Iron (%)', value: 'iron' },
      ],
      desserts: [
        {
          name: 'Eclair',
          calories: 262,
          fat: 16.0,
          carbs: 23,
          protein: 6.0,
          iron: '7%',
        },
        {
          name: 'Cupcake',
          calories: 305,
          fat: 3.7,
          carbs: 67,
          protein: 4.3,
          iron: '8%',
        },
        {
          name: 'Gingerbread',
          calories: 356,
          fat: 16.0,
          carbs: 49,
          protein: 3.9,
          iron: '16%',
        },
        {
          name: 'Jelly bean',
          calories: 375,
          fat: 0.0,
          carbs: 94,
          protein: 0.0,
          iron: '0%',
        },
        {
          name: 'Lollipop',
          calories: 392,
          fat: 0.2,
          carbs: 98,
          protein: 0,
          iron: '2%',
        },
        {
          name: 'Honeycomb',
          calories: 408,
          fat: 3.2,
          carbs: 87,
          protein: 6.5,
          iron: '45%',
        }
      ],
    }
  },
  methods: {
    addRow() {
      this.desserts.push({
          name: 'KitKat',
          calories: 518,
          fat: 26.0,
          carbs: 65,
          protein: 7,
          iron: '6%',
        });
    }
  }
})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Droid – określenie większości bardziej skomplikowanych robotów w fikcyjnym świecie Gwiezdnych wojen, w tym androidów - zazwyczaj wyposażonych w pewien rodzaj  sztucznej inteligencji.

Istnieje pięć podstawowych kategorii (ang. degrees) droidów:
 Droidy o przeznaczeniu naukowym lub medycznym, zazwyczaj przeznaczone do inteligentnego współdziałania z ludźmi lub zastępowania ich w zadaniach związanych z zakresem ich specjalizacji. Do takich należał np. robot chirurgiczny 2-1B, który instalował Luke'owi protezę dłoni (Imperium kontratakuje)
 Droidy do zastosowań inżynieryjnych, technicznych i pokrewnych (naprawa, badania), inaczej astromechaniczne. R2-D2 jest droidem tej klasy.
 Droidy protokolarne, które zajmują się interakcją z ludźmi, naukami społecznymi, dyplomacją itp. Zazwyczaj humanoidalne lub dostosowane kształtem do rasy, z którą mają współpracować. Przykładem jest C-3PO.
 Inteligentne automaty bojowe, droidy-ochroniarze, droidy-zabójcy itp. W większości nielegalne, czasami stosowane przez wojsko. Niektóre egzemplarze uzyskały niezależność - np. najsłynniejszy w Galaktyce droid-łowca nagród IG-88, czy droid bojowy Federacji Handlowej.
 Maszyny przeznaczone głównie do pracy fizycznej - droidy górnicze, ładowarki i podnośniki binarne, maszyny sprzątające, droidy zasilające (Gonk) itp.

Wyraz droid został zastrzeżony przez George'a Lucasa i nie może być używany w produktach komercyjnych bez zgody Lucasfilmu. Zgodę taką otrzymali np. twórcy filmu Iniemamocni.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Urządzenia z cyklu Gwiezdne wojny
Roboty w fantastyce

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Q: How to add height to a d3.js globe marker, mimicking a push-pin? When having a marker on a globe, the marker lays flat on the surface.
Although there might be trouble the moment the marker rotates out of sight; is there a way to give this marker height?
Instead of a dot on the surface of the globe, I'm trying to get a dot on a needle, sticking out a little bit above the surface of the globe.
Not this:
-----o-----

But this:
     o
_____|_____

Mimicking one of those:

Currently the marker is drawn as follows:

const width = 220;
const height = 220;
const config = {
  speed: 0.025,
  verticalTilt: 10,
  horizontalTilt: -10
}
let locations = [];
const svg = d3.select('svg')
  .attr('width', width).attr('height', height);
const markerGroup = svg.append('g');
const projection = d3.geoOrthographic();
const initialScale = projection.scale(99.5).translate([100, 100]);
const path = d3.geoPath().projection(projection);
const center = [width / 2, height / 2];

drawGlobe();
drawGraticule();
enableRotation();

const locationData = [
    {"latitude": -33.8688, "longitude": 151.2093}
];

function drawGlobe() {
  d3.queue()
    .defer(d3.json, 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cszang/dendrobox/master/data/world-110m2.json')
    .await((error, worldData) => {
      svg.selectAll(".segment")
        .data(topojson.feature(worldData, worldData.objects.countries).features)
        .enter().append("path")
        .attr("class", "segment")
        .attr("d", path)
        .style("stroke", "silver")
        .style("stroke-width", "1px")
        .style("fill", (d, i) => 'silver')
        .style("opacity", ".5");
      locations = locationData;
      drawMarkers();
    });
}

function drawGraticule() {
  const graticule = d3.geoGraticule()
    .step([10, 10]);

  svg.append("path")
    .datum(graticule)
    .attr("class", "graticule")
    .attr("d", path)
    .style("fill", "#fff")
    .style("stroke", "#ececec");
}

function enableRotation() {
  d3.timer(function(elapsed) {
    projection.rotate([config.speed * elapsed - 120, config.verticalTilt, config.horizontalTilt]);
    svg.selectAll("path").attr("d", path);
    drawMarkers();
  });
}

function drawMarkers() {
  const markers = markerGroup.selectAll('circle')
    .data(locations);
  markers
    .enter()
    .append('circle')
    .merge(markers)
    .attr('cx', d => projection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[0])
    .attr('cy', d => projection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[1])
    .attr('fill', d => {
      const coordinate = [d.longitude, d.latitude];
      gdistance = d3.geoDistance(coordinate, projection.invert(center));
      return gdistance > 1.55 ? 'none' : 'tomato';
    })

    // 1.57

    .attr('r', 3);

  markerGroup.each(function() {
    this.parentNode.appendChild(this);
  });
}
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://d3js.org/topojson.v1.min.js"></script>
<svg></svg>

A: Using this answer as inspiration, you can create a second projection, equivalent to the first one, but with a larger scale value. That will project a point directly above the actual point on the globe, as if it was hanging above it. This allows you to draw a line from the ground up, and look at it from all angles. It even works with your hide marker logic.

const width = 220;
const height = 220;
const config = {
  speed: 0.025,
  verticalTilt: 10,
  horizontalTilt: -10
}
let locations = [];
const svg = d3.select('svg')
  .attr('width', width).attr('height', height);
const markerGroup = svg.append('g');
const projection = d3.geoOrthographic()
  .scale(99.5)
  .translate([100, 100]);
const markerProjection = d3.geoOrthographic()
  .scale(108)
  .translate(projection.translate());

const path = d3.geoPath().projection(projection);
const center = [width / 2, height / 2];

drawGlobe();
drawGraticule();
enableRotation();

const locationData = [
    {"latitude": -33.8688, "longitude": 151.2093}
];

function drawGlobe() {
  d3.queue()
    .defer(d3.json, 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cszang/dendrobox/master/data/world-110m2.json')
    .await((error, worldData) => {
      svg.selectAll(".segment")
        .data(topojson.feature(worldData, worldData.objects.countries).features)
        .enter().append("path")
        .attr("class", "segment")
        .attr("d", path)
        .style("stroke", "silver")
        .style("stroke-width", "1px")
        .style("fill", (d, i) => 'silver')
        .style("opacity", ".5");
      locations = locationData;
      drawMarkers();
    });
}

function drawGraticule() {
  const graticule = d3.geoGraticule()
    .step([10, 10]);

  svg.append("path")
    .datum(graticule)
    .attr("class", "graticule")
    .attr("d", path)
    .style("fill", "#fff")
    .style("stroke", "#ececec");
}

function enableRotation() {
  d3.timer(function(elapsed) {
    projection.rotate([config.speed * elapsed - 120, config.verticalTilt, config.horizontalTilt]);
    markerProjection.rotate(projection.rotate());
    svg.selectAll("path").attr("d", path);
    drawMarkers();
  });
}

function drawMarkers() {
  const markers = markerGroup.selectAll('.marker')
    .data(locations);
  const newMarkers = markers
    .enter()
    .append('g')
    .attr('class', 'marker')

  newMarkers.append("line");

  newMarkers.append("circle")
    .attr("r", 3);

  newMarkers.merge(markers)
    .selectAll("line")
    .attr("x1", d => projection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[0])
    .attr("y1", d => projection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[1])
    .attr("x2", d => markerProjection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[0])
    .attr("y2", d => markerProjection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[1])
    .attr('stroke', d => {
      const coordinate = [d.longitude, d.latitude];
      gdistance = d3.geoDistance(coordinate, markerProjection.invert(center));
      return gdistance > (Math.PI / 2) ? 'none' : 'black';
    })

  newMarkers
    .merge(markers)
    .selectAll("circle")
    .attr('cx', d => markerProjection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[0])
    .attr('cy', d => markerProjection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[1])
    .attr('fill', d => {
      const coordinate = [d.longitude, d.latitude];
      gdistance = d3.geoDistance(coordinate, markerProjection.invert(center));
      return gdistance > (Math.PI / 2) ? 'none' : 'tomato';
    })

  markerGroup.each(function() {
    this.parentNode.appendChild(this);
  });
}
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://d3js.org/topojson.v1.min.js"></script>
<svg></svg>


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text:
Young Ahmed ist ein belgisch-französisches Filmdrama von Jean-Pierre und Luc Dardenne aus dem Jahr 2019.

Handlung
Der 13-jährige Ahmed besucht nach der Schule die École de devoirs (EDD, ähnlich einer von der Schule unabhängigen freien Horteinrichtung) bei Inès Touzani, die ihm bei Schulaufgaben hilft, ihm in der Vergangenheit aber auch geholfen hat, seine Dyslexie zu überwinden. Innerhalb eines Monats hat sich Ahmed verändert: Er weigert sich, Inès beim Verabschieden die Hand zu geben, da ein echter Muslim das nicht machen dürfe, betet regelmäßig, wäscht sich rituell die Hände und das Gesicht und weigert sich, kurzärmlige Sachen zu tragen. Die Veränderung ist auch seiner Mutter aufgefallen, die den Imam des Viertels dafür verantwortlich macht. Auch Ahmeds Bruder Rachid geht zu den Gebeten des Imams, ist jedoch weniger radikal als Ahmed, dessen neues Idol sein Cousin wird, der als Selbstmordattentäter gestorben ist. Ahmed beginnt, seine Mutter zu verachten, die keinen Hidschab trägt und Alkohol trinkt, und lehnt auch das Auftreten seiner Schwester Yasmine als zu freizügig ab.

Inès verkündet eines Tages in der EDD, Arabischkurse mithilfe von aktuellen Musiktiteln anzubieten. Unter den Besuchern der EDD trifft dies auf ein geteiltes Echo, da so das Koran-Arabisch in den Hintergrund tritt. Ahmed ist empört, zumal sein Imam Inès aufgrund ihres Vorhabens als "Abtrünnige" bezeichnet hat, die zur Verantwortung gezogen werden muss. Ahmed verkündet in der EDD, angestachelt vom Imam, dass Inès den Islam schädigen will, weil ihr neuer Freund Jude sei; wenig später begibt er sich zu ihr und greift sie mit einem Messer an. Der Imam bringt Ahmed dazu, sich der Polizei zu stellen und auch, ihn und seine Moschee von jeglicher Schuld für sein radikalisiertes Verhalten freizusprechen. Ahmed kommt in den Jugendarrest.

Zunächst sondert sich Ahmed von den anderen Jugendlichen im Arrest ab, besteht auf seinen Gebetszeiten und weigert sich, mit Inès eine Aussprache zu haben und eine Psychologin zu besuchen. Seinen Imam verehrt er weiterhin, auch als er erfährt, dass Rachid gegen ihn ausgesagt hat und er wegen Radikalisierungsaktivitäten festgenommen wurde. Ahmeds Mutter ist verzweifelt. Bald jedoch ändert Ahmed seine Meinung, erlaubt Psychologenstunden und stimmt auch einem Treffen mit Inès zu. Auch der Arbeit auf einem Lehrbauernhof, der er sich bisher verweigert hat, stimmt er zu. Auf dem Bauernhof stiehlt er heimlich eine Zahnbürste, die er in seinem Zimmer spitzschleift. Vor der Psychologin gibt er sich geläutert, sodass diese einem Treffen mit Inès zustimmt. Ahmed begibt sich mit der geschliffenen Zahnbürste zum Gesprächstermin, der in Anwesenheit seines Anwalts und des zuständigen Richters geplant ist. Inès jedoch bricht zusammen, als sie ihn sieht, sodass das Treffen abgebrochen wird. Auf dem Bauernhof zeigt Ahmed sein wahres Gesicht, als er von der jungen Louise geküsst wird und anschließend drauf besteht, dass sie Muslima werde, da sie ihn beschmutzt habe und er nur so einen Teil seiner moralischen Schuld abtragen könne. Als sie sich weigert, wird er handgreiflich. Auf dem Weg vom Bauernhof entwischt Ahmed seinem Betreuer und begibt sich zu Inès' EDD. Er bewaffnet sich mit einem Metallstück. Weil die EDD geschlossen hat, klettert er aufs Dach. Beim Versuch, ein offenstehendes Fenster zu erreichen, stürzt er ab. Schwer verletzt und augenscheinlich durch den Sturz teilweise gelähmt kann er auf sich aufmerksam machen – Inès erscheint und er bittet sie um Vergebung. Sie vergibt ihm, bevor sie geht, um einen Krankenwagen zu rufen.

Produktion
Young Ahmed war der zwölfte Spielfilm, den Jean-Pierre und Luc Dardenne gemeinsam realisierten. Die Idee zum Film kam beiden angesichts der zahlreichen religiös motivierten Anschläge in Frankreich und Belgien.

Der Film wurde unter anderem in der Institution publique de protection de la jeunesse (IPPJ) in Fraipont (Gemeinde Trooz) und, von August bis September 2018, auf dem Bauernhof De La Croix De Mer in der Ortschaft Borlez der Gemeinde Faimes gedreht. Weitere Drehorte waren das Gerichtsgebäude und die EDD Graines de Génie in der Provinz Lüttich, Neupré und Seraing. Die Kostüme schuf Maïra Ramedhan Levi, die Filmbauten stammen von Igor Gabriel.

Young Ahmed erlebte am 20. Mai 2019 im Rahmen der Internationalen Filmfestspiele von Cannes seine Premiere. Am 22. Mai 2019 kam er in die belgischen und französischen Kinos. In Deutschland war der Film erstmals am 14. Oktober 2019 auf dem Film Festival Cologne zu sehen.

Auszeichnungen
Auf den Internationalen Filmfestspielen von Cannes lief der Film im Rennen um die Goldene Palme. Jean-Pierre und Luc Dardenne wurden zudem mit dem Preis für die Beste Regie ausgezeichnet. Auf der Semana Internacional de Cine de Valladolid gewannen Jean-Pierre und Luc Dardenne den Preis für das Beste Drehbuch und die Grüne Ähre für den besten Schnitt. Der Film lief zudem im Wettbewerb um die Goldene Ähre.

Der Film erhielt 2020 eine César-Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester ausländischer Film. Bei der Magritte-Verleihung 2020 war der Film in den Kategorien Beste Nebendarstellerin (Myriem Akheddiou) und Bester Nachwuchsdarsteller (Idir Ben Addi) erfolgreich. Weitere Magritte-Nominierungen erhielt der Film in den Kategorien Bester Film, Beste Regie, Bester Nebendarsteller (Othmane Moumen), Beste Nebendarstellerin (Claire Bodson), Beste Nachwuchsdarstellerin (Victoria Bluck), Bestes Original-Drehbuch oder beste Adaption und Bester Schnitt.

Weblinks

 Young Ahmed auf allocine.fr

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2019
Französischer Film
Belgischer Film
Filmdrama
Jean-Pierre und Luc Dardenne


text:
Stanisland
Stanisland is an online platform to discuss climate change, the arts, photography, identity, travel, music and more.
stanisland team August 1, 2019 Compass, Essays
Genetics And The Quest For A Better Self
When I began probing the subject of transgenerational trauma, my initial thoughts were a combination of relief and scepticism. But having lived an involuntary low for many years the topic opened me to an answer, creating a flurry of ponderings on the lives of my ancestors. More particularly my grandfather.
In the past few years, I learned he was imprisoned in Siberia within a Gulag (forced labour camps during the Soviet Union) during World War 2, released following the brokering of the Molotov pact. His liberation culminated in a nearly 6,000-mile journey back to his hometown of L'viv before seeing the horrors that were about to be unleashed by Stalin. He quickly fled with his best friend (Waleska), defecting to the British Army later fighting in the battle of Monte Casino, Palestine, Iraq, stationed in Russia and Poland before landing in London.
My mother recalled how he told her of landing on the beaches of Italy, kicking a helmet to reveal a decapitated head. These images must have had a destructive effect on his psyche, and as a former civilian quickly thrust into the war, he and many other soldiers were not equipped to deal with the shock and revulsion of such happenings.
Later, my grandfather was married, and Waleska married my grandmother's sister. Waleska later died in Broadmoor psychiatric hospital tormented by the memories he accrued during the war. According to my mother, my grandfather lived with a temper, mood swings and other psychological disorders which at the time would not have been recognised as such. We analysed occurrences of the past and in retrospect felt he may have lived with depression, bipolar and PTSD.
My father, who fought in Burma (now Myanmar) during World War 2 exuded a temper, which many say was a personality trait. But attributes such as these do not come from no-where. Something I am learning myself from my own work.
My grandfather (left) in exile somewhere in Siberia approximately 1939 – 1941 in what looks to be a tent. He applied the doodles himself and was quite the enthusiast.
Although genetically transmitted transgenerational trauma may not yet be a recognised part of psychology, it is accepted in principle as a vehicle for children to adopt their parents' habits and attitudes. Good examples of this can be found in the political leanings of people and their parents, an example for how major political parties within the United Kingdom are set to almost always prevail.
In an island nation, adopting a party of resilience to integration is no surprise, and as the nation continues to develop, centuries of invasions from the Vikings, the Romans and attempts by the Nazis etc has slowed, even prevented inter-community socialisation, serving xenophobic philosophies. Possibly even biologically transferred.
There has been a loss of connection and trade and further extrication of cultural togetherness through an array of newly formed methods of identity separation and verification, including passports and visas that further divide people and germinate differences. Trauma begins in the mind and is later fostered in the behaviours and administrative actions of human beings which are then sustained for greater periods.
Xenophobic beliefs are a natural course from centuries of divisional attitudes, brought on by the normalisation of traumatising behaviours dealt by centuries of conflict. This is now practically enshrined in global DNA.
Accepting transgenerational trauma into mainstream science is a long way off. Most likely because very few are studying it, but even if millions of pounds were plunged into this field of research, it would be scrutinised with bias and buried to preserve the bread of politics. Because proving it, let alone accepting it burns a weapon the authorities cannot afford to let go of.
Basic evidence available right now should catapult further research to put meat on the bones of this crucial piece of human study, to better understand our behaviour and psychology.
Even as discussion surrounding mental health is accepted more and more, its invisibility often mutes the progression for a better understanding of it. Transgenerational trauma is at its Copernicus stage, and right now everyone believes the sun revolves around the earth.
Posted in Compass, Essays and tagged bi-polar, depression, epigenetics, human behaviour, mental health, ocd, politics, psychology, ptsd, transgenerational trauma. Bookmark the permalink.
Survivors Of War Will Benefit From Research On Trauma – Stanisland	 on September 5, 2019 at 11:16 am
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