The Queensland East Coast Otter Trawl Fishery (ECOTF) for penaeid shrimp fishes within Australia's Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA). The past decade has seen the implementation of conservation and fisheries management strategies to reduce the impact of the ECOTF on the seabed and improve biodiversity conservation. New information from electronic vessel location monitoring systems (VMS) provides an opportunity to review the interactions between the ECOTF and spatial closures for biodiversity conservation.
We used fishing metrics and spatial information on the distribution of closures and modelled VMS data in a geographical information system (GIS) to assess change in effort of the trawl fishery from 2001–2009 and to quantify the exposure of 70 reef, non-reef and deep water bioregions to trawl fishing. The number of trawlers and the number of days fished almost halved between 2001 and 2009 and new spatial closures introduced in 2004 reduced the area zoned available for trawl fishing by 33%. However, we found that there was only a relatively minor change in the spatial footprint of the fishery as a result of new spatial closures. Non-reef bioregions benefited the most from new spatial closures followed by deep and reef bioregions.
Although the catch of non target species remains an issue of concern for fisheries management, the small spatial footprint of the ECOTF relative to the size of the GBRWHA means that the impact on benthic habitats is likely to be negligible. The decline in effort as a result of fishing industry structural adjustment, increasing variable costs and business decisions of fishers is likely to continue a trend to fish only in the most productive areas. This will provide protection for most benthic habitats without any further legislative or management intervention.
Copyright: © 2011 Grech, Coles. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: Funding was provided by Fisheries Queensland (Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation; http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/28.htm) and the Commonwealth Department of Environment through the Marine and Tropical Research Facility (www.rrrc.org.au/mtsrf/index.html). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Overfishing and the damage to benthic habitats by activities such as bottom trawl fishing are considered to be one of the greatest threats to marine species and ecosystems globally , . Almost 75% of continental shelfs across the world are trawled every year  and trawl fishing inevitably leads to physical, biological and chemical effects on the seafloor . The effective management of trawl fisheries requires information on the drivers that influence the spatial distribution of fishing effort . Spatial constraints on the distribution of fishing effort include topographic features (e.g. reefs) and spatial and temporal closures to fishing (e.g. marine reserves; , . Decisions on where and when to fish are also influenced by fisheries management strategies, adoption of new technologies (i.e. sonar, global positioning systems and computer mapping ), and business rationalisation in response to economic circumstances.
The East Coast Otter Trawl Fishery (ECOTF) of Queensland, Australia fishes for penaeid shrimps (e.g. eastern king prawn and brown tiger prawn) and scallops , and is the only demersal fishery in these waters. Depletion trends led to the implementation of multiple management tools in the early 1990's which ensure sustainability, reduce impact on bottom habitats and limit by-catch in the fishery , . These management tools include: mandatory turtle excluder devices; restrictions on the number of vessels and their length; limited entry to the fishery; effort reduction strategies; and, spatial and temporal closures that control the spatial footprint of the fishery. Spatial closures are summarised in the Queensland Fisheries (East Coast Trawl) Management Plan 1999 and include a mixture of large areas that influence the location and time of fishing effort, and small and complex closures that are specifically targeted (e.g. scallop replenishment sites and ports). Temporal closures are employed widely in the ECOTF to synchronise the fishery with times when the target species are of an optimal size to capture highest market value. In addition, the northern two thirds of the fishery underwent a dramatic change in 2004 with the introduction of an ecosystem-scale network of 'no take' marine reserves (Figure 1) covering ∼33% of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA) , . The goal of this network is to improve biodiversity conservation through a comprehensive and representative multiple-use zoning regime . The biophysical operational principles designed to achieve the ecological objectives of the new zoning included specific recommendations to protect at least 20% of the area of 70 reef, non-reef and deep bioregions in 'no take' zones .
Figure 1. Number of days fished per year by the East Coast Otter Trawl Fishery (ECOTF) and annual trawl catch.
The graph shows that the number of days fished in the ECOTF has been in decline since 1997. Despite this reduction in the number of days fished, catch has remained relatively constant with a downward trend beginning in 2004 showing recovery in recent years.
The consequence on catch and effort in the fishery and the change in spatial distribution of trawl fishing resulting from new spatial closures in the GBRWHA has not previously been assessed. Spatial and regulatory complexities and the absence of effort distribution data with the appropriate resolution made an analysis difficult. New spatial information from electronic vessel location monitoring systems (VMS)  provides an opportunity to assess change in the fishery over time, and to explore interactions between the ECOTF and spatial closures for biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we: summarise catch and effort trends in the ECOTF over time; quantify change in the spatial footprint of the trawl fishery; and, assess the protection afforded to marine bioregions. We discuss our results in the context of the simultaneous effect of multiple fisheries management strategies on the ECOTF, and the need for precise fisheries catch, effort and fishing location metrics.
The sources of information on spatial closures of the ECOTF used in our analyses were: the State (Queensland) Fisheries (East Coast Trawl) Management Plan 1999; Great Barrier Reef Coast Marine Park Zoning Plan 2004; Fisheries Act 1994 and its associated regulations; and the Commonwealth (Australian) Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Zoning Plan 2003. We obtained geographical information system (GIS) layers on the distribution of spatial closures from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Fisheries Queensland and the Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management. GIS-layers on the extent of ports was obtained from the relevant port authorities. We derived a single coverage of spatial closures by using the intersect tool in ArcGIS® 9.1 (Environmental Systems Research Institute 2005) to combine GIS-layers of the multiple legislative boundaries. We used the composite coverage of spatial closures to calculate the area zoned available to trawl fishing before and after new spatial closures were introduced in 2004.
The large size of the GBRWHA (348,000 km2) limits the number, precision and type of catch and effort data that can be collected. Much of the GBRWHA coastline is undeveloped and fishing effort location is constrained by the logistics of distance from a port. Vessels may unload catch at sea and often in remote locations making data collection and verification difficult. Because of these constraints and complexities, Fisheries Queensland adopts a two pronged approach to collecting information on catch and effort in the ECOTF, self reporting for fishing catches, and a satellite based transponder VMS to provide independent effort location mapping.
The self reported retained catch and effort data is collected via compulsory daily fishing logbooks completed by fishers and collated in the Commercial Fisheries Information System (CFISH) database. The information recorded in these logbooks includes: daily retained catch (weight and species); locations fished; and the time spent fishing. The logbook information is aggregated into grids of resolution 6 minutes by 6 minutes. Fisheries Queensland provided collated data on the number of days fished, total catch (in tonnes) and number of licensed vessels in the GBRWHA for each year from 1990 to 2009.
VMS is a satellite-based positional tracking system for monitoring the locations of fishing vessels and is primarily used for enforcement and assessing trends in the fishery. Vessels that operate in the ECOTF are required by law to have an operating VMS transponder on board. Peel and Good  used raw VMS position information and logbook catch record data to statistically model the spatial distribution of the ECOTF. Decision rules and techniques were developed by Peel and Good  to determine when a vessel was trawling ('trawl signature') as intervals of polling frequency vary depending on location. The data was also corrected for known non-fishing times and locations. Modelled layers of the spatial distribution of the ECOTF in the GBRWHA based on VMS data are available for each year from 2001 to 2009 (Figures S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, 9). The layers have a resolution of 1 minute by 1 minute (∼3.61 km2) and each grid cell contains estimations of the total number of hours trawled (per year), the total number of boats that trawled within the cell and the total catch (in tonnes).
We used the layers of Peel and Good  to estimate the total area trawled between 2001 and 2009 and the amount of area trawled within five time density groups (<5, 5–15, 15–50, 50–100 and >100 hours). Vessels in the trawl fishery use trawl shot lengths of 1 to 4 hours depending on location and the quantity of non target species. We have assumed for the present analysis that based on a maximum likely trawl shot length of four hours  recordings of less than five hours per year in a grid is equivalent in impact to one trawl shot.
We assessed the exposure of bottom habitats to trawl fishing using marine bioregions information that was developed during the classification phase of the Representative Areas Program . The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority mapped the biological and physical diversity of the GBRWHA using information from a panel of experts and the best scientific data available at the time. Each bioregion represents an area of known physical features and animal and plant assemblages that are sufficiently distinct from adjacent areas (at the scale of hundreds of kilometres). The experts identified and mapped 70 distinct bioregions (http://kurrawa.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/publications/sotr/facts.html) and categorised each bioregion as a reef (regions close to or including coral reefs and coral substrates), non-reef (regions of open soft bottom remote from coral structures) or deep (offshore areas that extend from the edge of the continental shelf to the eastern border of the GBRWHA). We overlayed the bioregion layer with the composite coverage of spatial closures and spatial information on trawl distribution derived from VMS data (2001–2009) to estimate the exposure of individual bioregions and groups of bioregions (i.e. reef, non-reef and deep) to trawl fishing.
Between 1990 and 2009, the number of licensed vessels in the fishery declined by almost 65% (Table 1). In the 2009 fishing season, only 218 vessels were recorded fishing in the GBRWHA (Table 1). The number of days fished between 1990 and 2009 has fluctuated over time; effort increased to a peak of 68,359 days in 1997 and then declined to 21,574 days in 2009 (Table 1; Figure 1). Despite this reduction in vessel numbers and the number of days fished, catch has remained relatively constant with a downward trend after 2004 but recovering in recent years (Table 1; Figure 1).
Table 1. Catch and effort statistics for the East Coast Otter Trawl Fishery (ECOTF) in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA).
We found that 51% of the GBRWHA (177,732 km2) was zoned available to trawl fishing prior to the introduction of new spatial closures in 2004 (Figure 2). New zoning decreased the amount of area zoned available to trawl fishing by 59,244 km2, and 34% (118,488 km2) of the GBRWHA is currently zoned available to trawl fishing (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Area zoned available and unavailable to trawling before and after new zoning was introduced in 2004.
Almost 51% of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (177,732 km2; GBRWHA) was zoned available to trawl fishing prior to the introduction of new spatial closures in 2004. New zoning decreased the amount of area zoned available to trawl fishing by 59,244 km2, and 34% (118,488 km2) of the GBRWHA is currently zoned available to trawl fishing.
Not all areas zoned available for trawling are suitable for trawling due to the complexities of topography and the location of target species. We found that since 2001, trawl fishing has occurred in less than half of the area zoned available for trawling in the GBRWHA (Table 1; Figure 3). In 2001, 23% (∼80,000 km2) of the GBRWHA was zoned available for trawling and trawled. The spatial footprint of the fishery has declined slowly and in 2009 only 15% of the GBRWHA was trawled. The largest decline in any one year (approximately 5%) occurred between 2004 and 2005 (Table 1; Figure 3), the same years as the introduction of new spatial closures.
Figure 3. Proportion (%) of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA) zoned available to trawl fishing, and the proportion of the GBRWHA where trawl fishing was conducted and conducted more than once (i.e. > five hours per year) from 2001–2009.
Less than half of the area available for trawling in the GBRWHA was actually trawled between 2001 and 2009. The spatial footprint of the ECOTF steadily declined from 2001–2009 by almost 25,000 km2. Most of this decline occurred in areas that were only fished once per year (i.e. < five hours per year). Less than half of the total area trawled in any of the fishing years between 2001 and 2009 was trawled more than once in a year.
We found that more than half of the total area trawled in any of the fishing years between 2001 and 2009 was trawled only once per year (Figure 3), and on average just ∼450 km2 (∼0.2%) of the GBRWHA was trawled for more than 100 hours per year. Many of the areas where new spatial closures were introduced in 2004 cannot have been suitable for trawling or were not trawled regularly. Only 16,642 km2 (∼4.8%) of the GBRWHA that was trawled between 2001 and 2004 became zoned unavailable to the ECOTF as a result of new spatial closures. Of the area that became unavailable, most (>83%) was fished only once per year (i.e. < five hours per year).
We found that between 2001 and 2009, trawl fishing predominantly occurred in non-reef bioregions and 23 of the 32 non-reef bioregions were trawled in 2009 (Table S1). Non-reef bioregions had the largest reduction of area zoned available for trawl fishing (Table S1; Figure 4) after new spatial closures were introduced in 2004 (49,182 km2; 19.8% of non-reef bioregions). This was followed by the deep bioregions (9,099 km2, 11.3%) and reef bioregions (613 km2, 3.1%). 27.7% of non-reef bioregions were trawled in 2001, declining to 18.5% in 2009. There was little change in the area of deep bioregions trawled between 2001 and 2009 (9.5% down to 8.9%) and only 3 of the 8 deep bioregions were exposed to trawling in 2009 (Table S1). 1.5% of reef bioregions were trawled in 2001 declining to 0.2% in 2009. Bioregions that experienced the greatest decline in the proportion of area trawled between 2001–2009 included the central open lagoon reefs (59.8%–0.0%), inner shelf seagrass (81.3%–45.2%), inner mid shelf lagoon (88.0–57.7%) and the coastal southern fringing reefs (30.4–1.0%; Table S1). Bioregions that had >40% of their total area trawled in 2009 were all non-reef (inshore muddy lagoon, inner shelf seagrass, inner mid shelf lagoon and the Capricorn Bunker lagoon; Table S1).
Figure 4. Proportion (%) of the reef, non-reef and deep bioregions of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA) zoned available to trawl fishing, and the proportion of reef, non-reef and deep bioregions where trawl fishing was conducted and conducted more than once (i.e. > five hours per year) from 2001–2009.
Trawl fishing predominantly occurred in non-reef habitats; 18.5–28.6% of non-reef bioregions were trawled from 2001–2009 (Table S1). Non-reef bioregions had the largest reduction of area zoned available for trawl fishing after new spatial closures were introduced in 2004, followed by the deep and reef bioregions (Table S1). Less than half of the area zoned available for trawl fishing in non-reef, reef and deep bioregions was actually trawled from 2001–2009.
We used fishing metrics and spatial information on the distribution of spatial closures and modelled VMS data to assess change in the spatial distribution of the ECOTF in the GBRWHA. The number of trawlers and the number of days fished almost halved between 2001 and 2009 and new spatial closures introduced in 2004 reduced the area zoned available for trawl fishing by 33%. However, we found that the location of the fishing grounds where most fishing effort is expended did not change markedly between 2001 and 2009. Most of the areas that became unavailable to trawling after new zoning was introduced in 2004 were not trawled or not trawled regularly (<5 hours per year). The large increase in spatial closures resulted in a minimal change in the spatial footprint of the ECOTF, achieving the biophysical objectives of the new zoning  with limited socio-economic impact.
The drivers of the spatial footprint of the ECOTF in the GBRWHA are complex. They include a variety of fisheries management tools and marine park management zoning (such as spatial closures for biodiversity conservation) and individual decisions of fishers in response to economic and business circumstances. This is superimposed on an underlying topography, bottom habitat, and the location of target species, which determines where it is possible or desirable to fish. In this paper we found that the long term outcome has been a consistent decline in the potential impact on marine biodiversity and an essentially stable pattern of fishing.
Spatial and temporal closures that affect the ECOTF are complex with a mixture of Commonwealth (Australian), State (Queensland), and local legislation, designated marine parks, port authorities and the World Heritage Area. While the closure complexity makes fisheries management, compliance and enforcement difficult  it has had the effect of constraining the fishing grounds. The natural topography also constrains the spatial footprint of the fishery. The long thin shape of the coastline, ∼2,500 km north to south but only 400 km from the coast to the outer trawl grounds at the widest point (and much narrower in most locations) forms overall broad-scale spatial limits . The effect of this is that the trawl fishing grounds also stretch in a long north south strip and effort is clumped in the east - west direction (Figures S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9). On the outer reef slopes this is accentuated by topography and the depth range favoured by the target shrimp species. Trawl fishing along a constant depth contour favours a narrow north south trawl pattern. Trawl fishing in the northern half of the GBRWHA is restricted almost entirely to a narrow coastal strip interrupted only by the reef systems and by zoning restrictions. South of this region, effort continues in a coastal strip but is joined with a mid-shelf strip south to Mackay. Between Rockhampton and the southern border of the GBRWHA there is a large mid shelf fishery and a fishery that follows the outer edge of the Swains reefs. The result of this topographic forcing is a fishing pattern that has been resilient to the changes in the area zoned available for trawling with the pattern of heavily fished areas similar across years (Figures S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9). The spatial and temporal complexities and constraints effectively limit any potential for the trawl fishery to expand its ecological footprint and are a price paid by the ECOTF for fishing in a complex topography and for the social acceptance of continued fishing in a World Heritage Area.
The total trawled area and number of days fished have been decreasing slowly in response to fisheries management and marine park management. Economic circumstances (high Australian dollar and high fuel costs) also focus trawl fishing at times and in areas historically known to produce higher catch rates. We found that trawl fishing now occurs in less than half the area zoned available to the ECOTF, and only 48% of the available fishing time is used . It is unlikely this trend will reverse as there is are no new licences to fish available and effort in the fishery is capped. These trends combined with the spatial consistency of the fishery through time will ensure any impact of trawl fishing in this sensitive environment remains in its current low form and unlikely to have a negative impact on GBRWHA seabed habitats .
Pitcher et al.  similarly found little trawl fishing influence on habitat assemblages; little more than expected by chance; and only one species out of 840 analysed exceeded a sustainability indicator reference point. However, Pitcher et al.  did not analyse the potential impact of the ECOTF on deep water habitats and there is not sufficient information to conclude that the impact of trawl fishing on these habitats is negligible. In our analyses we found that the spatial footprint of the ECTOF is relatively low in deep water bioregions (Table S1), except the 'southern embayment' where 23.5% of the bioregion was trawled in 2009. More research on species assemblages and the potential impact of the trawl fishery on bottom habitats is required in deep water bioregions. In addition, the ECOTF continues to have interactions with species of conservation concern (e.g. some sea snakes and elasmobranch), and further improvements are required to move towards best practice for by-catch reduction.
The overall picture is of a fishing fleet responding to management changes by refining existing trawl fishing locations to maximise catch rather than looking for new or alternative fishing grounds. Shifting trawl fishing effort away from reef bioregions with high biodiversity values while minimising the impact on the overall catch of the fishery confirms the effectiveness of the broad-scale marine spatial planning initiative implemented by the Commonwealth (Australian) Government and complemented by State (Queensland) marine parks legislation , . It met biophysical objectives without compromising the socioeconomic constraint to "minimise conflict with commercial extractive users" which the initiative was required to consider and there is evidence of some positive outcomes for the fishery with an increase in CPUE , .
Implementation of the VMS system was primarily designed as an enforcement tool in response to the rising cost of boat and aircraft based surveillance for remote fishing grounds and complex zonings . The VMS system polls the vessel location automatically and is independent of the operator. However the VMS location data are relatively unsophisticated –– the transponder provides only a position with no speed, activity or direction of travel information. These are inferred by comparing sequential poll locations. VMS data that we used in our analysis have been filtered and modelled  but it is possible that errors remain. At a fishery scale these errors are not likely to affect decision making but if the biological processes that need protecting occur at very small scales (i.e. less than a kilometre), then the spatial resolution of the data presently available would not be appropriate.
The modelled VMS and fisheries logbook data used in our analysis does not include vessel location when the vessel is stationary or when steaming between fishing grounds . Agreements with fishers on access to the fisheries logbook data preclude the use of individual records and use a relatively coarse grid cell to protect private information relating to individual fishing grounds. However, from a GBRWHA management point of view, even with these limitations there is now a spatial record of trawl fishing effort that is accurate and reliable at the scale of the entire GBRWHA. For the first time there is now the ability to estimate the spatial footprint of trawl fishing in the GBRWHA and to follow the response of fishing behaviour to management changes. It is also possible to estimate the level and extent of change in the gross impact of trawl fishing on the bioregions identified during the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park re-zoning process.
The two raw un-modelled spatial data sets (VMS tracking data and catch information) that were available for our analysis are difficult to compare. They are collected for different purposes (enforcement and catch estimation) and in different spatial units. For a fine scale spatial assessment, the CFISH six minute catch data are of limited value and overestimate the actual area from which the catch is taken. The bioregions layer are actual vector shape files not grid cells. A standardised cell/grid/site system for all spatial fisheries and seabed habitat biophysical data would make spatial analysis and the interpretation of the impact of the fishing fleet more precise. Technological solutions such as electronic fishing log books could also be used to collect high resolution catch and effort data that may empirically validate the low resolution commercial data that are currently available. It is possible in the present data base to have catch recorded from self reporting log books in locations where VMS data is not evident. Good et al.  recommend ongoing monitoring or validation of fishing catches as part of a long term monitoring program by independent on-board fisheries observers. Financial costs limit the independent on board catch validation by observers that occurs at present. While deficiencies in the data may complicate scientific interpretation they are not as important at a GBRWHA spatial scale of fisheries management. Improving the data available is unlikely to further assist decisions at a precision that it is practical for management.
We have chosen to analyse the fishery at the spatial scale of its management. Sub scale analyses and the spatial vulnerability of individual species to trawl fishing (there are non target species catch concerns for the fishery) is beyond the scope of the present data. However, unless there is an increase in fishing effort, sub-scale spatial analyses are unlikely to add useful information for biodiversity protection. The greatest value to be derived from improved technological solutions to data collection are a more nuanced understanding on the way fishing fleets respond to management interventions. An improved understanding of the response of fishing fleets to management interventions would have avoided some of the problems associated with the Australian government's assistance program in response to changes in the zoning of the GBRWHA .
Trawl fishing effort in the ECOTF is highly clumped in space. Most areas of the GBRWHA are not fished or fished very little. Because of this, at a scale of the whole fishery, the reduction in the area available to fishing that occurred in 2004 removed latent spatial effort but had only a small impact on the amount or pattern of fishing. With a highly clumped fishery such as the ECOTF, removing areas from the fishery has little effect on reducing impact on the bottom if the area chosen is not regularly trawled. Removing areas heavily fished would reduce effort in the fishery but may not provide any greater protection for seabed habitats and benthic species identified as important to protect. Trawl fishing intensity is low at the scale of the GBRWHA with few areas trawled more than a couple of times a year.
The decline in effort in the fishery is likely to continue a trend to fish only in the most productive areas. This provides effective protection to most fishing grounds without any further legislative or management intervention. Satellite based VMS, and compulsory retained catch fishing log books provide for the first time a way of tracking change in response to management intervention at the scale of the whole GBRWHA and a satellite based system for monitoring fishing effort would be desirable for any fishery operating in sensitive marine environments.
Trawl fishing effort (number of hours trawled per year) in 2001  .
Trawl fishing effort (number of hours trawled per year) in 2002  .
Trawl fishing effort (number of hours trawled per year) in 2003  .
Trawl fishing effort (number of hours trawled per year) in 2004  .
Trawl fishing effort (number of hours trawled per year) in 2005  .
Trawl fishing effort (number of hours trawled per year) in 2006  .
Trawl fishing effort (number of hours trawled per year) in 2007  .
Trawl fishing effort (number of hours trawled per year) in 2008  .
Trawl fishing effort (number of hours trawled per year) in 2009  .
Area (km2)of the 70 Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area bioregions, and the proportion (%) of each bioregion that was trawled each year between 2001 and 2009.
We are grateful for the data and assistance provided to us by Fisheries Queensland (Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation), the Commonwealth Department of Environment through the Marine and Tropical Research Facility and James Cook University. We appreciate the advice from Neil Gribble and our colleagues at the Northern Fisheries Centre and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority on this manuscript. Thank you to Alex Campbell, Mai Tanimoto, Katherine Zahmel and Nadia Engstrom for their assistance with the trawl fishing effort data.
Conceived and designed the experiments: AG RC. Performed the experiments: AG RC. Analyzed the data: AG RC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AG RC. Wrote the paper: AG RC.
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Q: Azure Storage Emulator in C# i am trying to use storage emulator with C#, I downloaded sample application from here:
But i can't run that app, what are the steps i need to carry out to run that app successfully? do i need to init my storage emulator first? or do i need to pass any connection string?
I installed sample console application from above link, then initialized and started my storage emulator, and then I run above application, I got following inner exception:

The remote server returned an error: (400) Bad Request.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Search Results For: Vimal Punamiya
Dipesh Ramesh Vardhan vs. DCIT (ITAT Mumbai)
CORAM: Mahavir Singh (JM), Manoj Kumar Aggarwal (AM)
SECTION(S): 10(38), 68
CATCH WORDS: bogus capital gains, Penny Stocks
COUNSEL: Vimal Punamiya
DATE: August 11, 2020 (Date of pronouncement)
S. 10(38)/68: Bogus Capital Gains from Penny Stocks: The AO has not discharged the onus of controverting the documentary evidences furnished by the assessee and by bringing on record any cogent material to sustain the addition. The allegation of price rigging / manipulation has been levied without establishing the vital link between the assessee and other entities. The whole basis of making additions is third party statement and no opportunity of cross-examination has been provided to the assessee to confront the said party. As against this, the assessee's position that that the transactions were genuine and duly supported by various documentary evidences, could not be disturbed by the revenue
As against the assessee's position, the primary material to make additions in the hands of assessee is the statement of Shri Vipul Bhat and the outcome of search proceedings on his associated entities including M/s SAL. However, there is nothing on record to establish vital link between the assessee group and Shri Vipul Bhat or any of his group entities. The assessee, all along, denied having known Shri Vipul Bhat or any of his group entities. However, nothing has been brought on record to controvert the same and establish the link between Shri Vipul Bhat and the assessee. The opportunity to cross-examine Shri Vipul Bhat was never provided to the assessee which is contrary to the decision of Hon'ble Supreme Court in M/s Andaman Timber Industries V/s CCE (CA No.4228 of 2006) wherein it was held that not allowing the assessee to cross-examine the witnesses by the adjudicating authority though the statement of those witnesses were made the basis of the impugned order is a serious flaw which makes the order nullity in as much as it amounts to violation of principal of natural justice because of which the assessee was adversely affected
Dilip Anand Vazirani vs. ITO (ITAT Mumbai)
Posted on November 17, 2014 by editor — 1 Comment ↓
CORAM: B. R. Baskaran (AM), Vivek Varma (JM)
SECTION(S): 2(47)(v), 2(47)(vi)
CATCH WORDS: capital gains, Development agreement, transfer
DATE: November 14, 2014 (Date of pronouncement)
DATE: November 17, 2014 (Date of publication)
S. 2(47((v)/(vi): Mere execution of a development agreement does not result in a "transfer" if the approval of the municality is delayed and the developer has not started work
The assessee had received advance amounts much earlier to the execution of development agreement, probably on the strength of the MOU. The property was encumbered with tenancy rights of many persons and the release of tenancy right was completed only …
Dilip Anand Vazirani vs. ITO (ITAT Mumbai) Read More »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Binding Mode(TwoWay) changes can be modified in Database? When i modifying the data in text boxes in GUI they are changing but they are saving to database can any one help me... is this possible or not?
<TextBox Height="130" AcceptsReturn="True" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="{Binding Path=admissionNote, Mode=TwoWay}"/>
or do i need write any query for update to update in db? if so where in which event or method should i write
please suggest me i m new to wpf

A: Write a query to update the db when value changes and execute this query inside the setter of the 'admissionNote' property


text:
@import "../../variables.css";
@import "../../mixins.css";

.bar {
  height: 18px;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: #eee;
  &__fill {
    display: inline-block;
    overflow: hidden;
    height: 18px;
    background: $brand-blue;
    text-align: center;
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 18px;
    @mixin status-bg;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Marc Villa is a doctoral student at the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) studying Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience. He spoke with us about his work and his experience working in the Graphene Flagship.
Marc Vila: My main research topic at Graphene Flagship partner ICN2 is spintronics in graphene and related materials. I do numerical simulations with quantum mechanical models to try and find explanations to the newest experiments. I simulate the devices used to probe spintronic properties to extract microscopic information of how they work. Such detailed information is really challenging to study experimentally, but my results reveal new insights and help guide future experiments.
GF: What applications can your research find in real life?
MV: Spintronics aims to replace part of the future electronic devices as a solution of the demanding evolution nowadays required for electronic components. Combining graphene and related materials with spintronics is not only interesting because of the outstanding properties of the materials –graphene, for example is an excellent spin conductor–, but also because the technological processes to integrate graphene and related materials in devices are rapidly growing. This makes us dream of very complex architectures in the future years.
GF: What is your favourite graphene fun fact?
MV: The fact that one single gram of graphene can cover an entire football field!
GF: Tell us something positive about being involved in a Graphene Flagship international exchange programme.
MV: I find this kind of experiences overall very positive. Firstly, I had to leave my comfort zone by starting a new project unrelated to spintronics, which is my field of expertise. During my stay in Japan, I had to get used to working in a totally different environment, both professionally and culturally. You need to talk about this completely new research topic with people –usually experts in the field– you are not used to discuss with, which is specially challenging at the beginning of the international exchange. Thanks to this Graphene Flagship internship, I have grown as a scientist and I have also learnt new ways to do research, which I will surely incorporate in my day-to-day routines from now on.
GF: Your collaboration with Japan will soon yield a paper – could you tell us a little bit about this?
MV: The so-called Haldane model can be considered as the prelude of the discovery of topological insulators in 2005 with graphene. In our case, we have found that with only a minor modification to the Haldane model, different optical properties can appear simultaneously and can be easily modulated, envisioning in this way applications to the fields of photonics and valleytronics. Furthermore, such model is predicted to exist in graphene and related materials like transition metal dichalcogenides, which makes the results even more appealing.
GF: Do you plan to go to Graphene Study? If yes, tell us about the importance of these kind of events for the career development of a young researcher?
MV: Yes, I will definitely go to Graphene Study 2019 in Obergurgl. Being able to participate in these multidisciplinary events at such early stage is a very good opportunity. One benefits, of course, from the scientific content presented. But perhaps more importantly, you have a unique opportunity to talk directly with leading experts in the field, allowing you to build a strong international network that will surely become valuable in the future.
GF: Would you recommend the exchange programmes, and graphene study to other young researchers and colleagues?
MV: Of course! Research is not only going every day to your desk or laboratory and publish some results. This is part of the job, but the best ideas and opportunities arise when you mix with other researchers, especially when they come from different fields. Just as an example, in my stay in Japan, because the calculations I have done are not directly related to my PhD project, I had to revise some basic background on the field. And this turned out to be quite useful to understand one problem I kept encountering within my PhD project!


Shouldn't your new luxury lifestyle be hosted by only the best luxury apartment home? You can find this and more when you discover the true meaning of personal comfort at Alexan Millenia, luxury apartment homes in Chula Vista California. Find more than you ever thought possible as you indulge in luxury apartment features and community amenities that are perfect for sharing. Get all the room you need in spacious floorplans in the layout you want. Your new neighborhood is an additional feature, that hosts many dining and entertainment options perfect for a night on the town. Everything you need to fulfill your expectations for a lifestyle filled with comfort and luxury is finally at your fingertips and yours for the taking.
Part of the appeal of indulging in a luxury lifestyle is being able to share your good life with all the people you care about. This of course includes those people who happen to walk on four legs instead of only two. Here at the Alexan Millenia, you can indulge your friend on four legs with plenty of loving exercise at the Pet Park. Whether your game is Frisbee or you just like a good game of tag, you both can get your playtime in. After a full play session, treat your dog to a relaxing afternoon at the pet spa and show them what a good boy or good girl they really are. You deserve some indulgence time also, so spend a few hours by the style pool and spa complete with fire features, barbeque grills, outdoor television, daybeds and modern furnishings. Perfect!
Fulfill your dreams and expectation for a luxury lifestyle in a Chula Vista luxury apartment when you make the right move into the Alexan Millenia, luxury apartment homes in Chula Vista California today!


Moving Averages (daily): S&P 500 and Dow are above their 50-, 100-, and 200-day moving averages, and pointing up.
Analysis: I've seen this story before. The sentiment indicators are reflecting increased exuberance by the financial media and retail investors (that is a bearish sign). After all, the market won back all of its lost points, turning nervous investors into believers again. On the technical side, the trend is up and the sky is the limit. Bottom line: If you believe the sentiment indicators, you are bearish. If you follow the trend or use technical indicators, you are bullish.
Opinion: If the market is going to have a severe correction, the odds are good it will happen within the next two to three months. With the problems in the Middle East, the slowdown in Europe, China's disappointing PMI numbers, Ukraine, and stocks at all-time highs, the U.S. market (and the world) is vulnerable.
On the other hand, the Fed and central banks around the world are keeping interest rates low, and are determined to prevent their stock markets from tumbling. So far, it's been working. If you believe in the Fed and its QE experiment, you will remain long. That strategy has seemingly worked for five years, and there are no signs it will stop working anytime soon.
However, with the geopolitical tensions increasing, and QE supposedly coming to an end, the bears might finally be given a chance. You already know what I think: The market is too dangerous to be long, and it's too early to be short (although I personally own inverse ETF positions).
The hardest action to take right now is sitting and waiting for the market to reveal its hand. In my opinion, the market seems heavy, as if it's struggling to go higher, but can't. Nevertheless, a few positive words from the Fed or an optimistic geopolitical rumor and the market could rocket higher. That's how it's been for the last few months, and years.
If the market does not retreat soon, bearish investors will have to wait a little longer. In my opinion, the odds are better than even that the pullback will occur over the next two to three months, and probably much sooner. Because of the Fed, it's impossible to predict when the market will plunge. I have no doubt that it will, however. Only you can decide if you want to sit on the sidelines and make zero profit, or stay in the game and hope to capture another 5 percent by the end of the year.
Bottom line: The next two weeks are very important. This will give us clues as to whether the U.S. market has enough power to ignore all the bad news and aim for the sky. And yet, don't forget this proverb: The bigger they are, the harder they fall.


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Breeding is not something to be taken lightly. The purpose of a dog-breeding program should be to maintain the breed of dog one has chosen. We strive to produce Boxers that fit the Boxer standard as closely as possible, we feel by doing this we are helping to maintain our breed of choice.
For us, health, structure and temperament are all taken into consideration when planning a litter. We do not feel any one area is more important than the other.
Health screening is a wonderful tool that no breeder should go without. All of our breeding dogs are appropriately health screened before breeding with the results posted to each dog's web page. Screening the health of our breeding stock helps us to make informed decisions for our program.
We often hear health and temperament are most important...it seems many don't realize structure can affect both. Poor structure that results in limitations for the dog will lower the dog's quality of life, which can have a negative impact on health and temperament. In our opinion, this reason alone is enough to consider structure just as important as health and temperament.
Competing with our dogs in conformation events allows us to gain outside opinions on our dogs' structure and, to a lesser extent, temperament. Just as with the results from health screening, feedback we receive plays a role in the decisions we make for our program.
Obedience training allows us to evaluate trainability and temperament. We believe any dog can be trained but the level of training the dog can achieve and how long it takes the dog to reach that level, says a lot about trainability and temperament (provided the trainer is a knowledgeable one). The information we gain through obedience training helps us to make better breeding decisions.
We feel if our program is lacking in any of these areas it will fail...if we want to succeed, we feel all three of these areas must be kept in balance to one another.


Hillary Clinton has a nearly 80 percent chance of winning the White House in November, FiveThirtyEight polling guru Nate Silver predicted Wednesday.
FiveThirtyEight projected Clinton has a 79 percent chance of winning the general election against Donald Trump, who has just a 20 percent chance of succeeding President Barack Obama in the Oval Office.
Indeed, a Ballotpedia survey of seven swing states released Wednesday shows the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee sweeping Trump in Iowa, Michigan, Florida, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Ohio and Virginia by margins ranging from 4 to 17 percentage points.
Silver, who correctly forecast 49 out of 50 states in 2008 and every state in 2012, noted that both camps "have a lot of room to grow," but no candidate has blown a lead as large as Clinton's advantage over Trump in nearly 30 years, when former Massachusetts Gov. Michael Dukakis lost to George H.W. Bush despite maintaining a large lead coming out of the spring and summer.
Nate Silver talks about the presidential election on Wednesday.
"Likewise," Silver continued, "if Trump gains ground on Clinton then maybe a state like Maine — used to be a swing state, not so recently" — could be in play, too.
Silver also defended his August forecast that gave the billionaire businessman a 2 percent chance to win the GOP nomination.


The Yamaha YEP-321 Euphonium features a small shank receiver with a .571 inch bore for easy tone production and response for the advancing student. The 4 nickel-plated top action valves offer excellent, quick action. The YEP-321 includes a hard case, small shank mouthpiece and valve oil. The YEP-321 Series is one of the most popular models with advancing players and band directors. Honed Valves The precise fit between valve casings and pistons after honing means no air leakage. Pressure Formed Tubing Perfectly rounded tubing results in less turbulence and a smoother air flow, allowing for an excellent scale and reduced resistance. Laser-Fused Pluzuma Welded Bell A high-energy laser fuses the brass together for a virtually seamless bell, which allows continuous even vibrations. Intonation The excellent intonation of the YEP-321 helps to foster a feel for correct pitch, especially in beginning players. Response The responsiveness of the YEP-321 assists beginning players in learning the phrasing of the euphonium.


text:
Q: React Native - Changing States in an Array of another file Hey Everyone :) This is my first post here, hope I am doing everything correctly!
I am currently working on a school project and using react-native for some weeks now.
My Problem:
I have the file data.js:
const cardOne_1 = require("../images/Vergleiche/Eisbär.jpg");
const cardTwo_1 = require("../images/Vergleiche/Android.jpg");
const cardThree_1 = require("../images/Vergleiche/Han_Solo_Alt.jpg");

const cardOne_2 = require("../images/Vergleiche/Gorilla.jpg");
const cardTwo_2 = require("../images/Vergleiche/Apple.jpg");
const cardThree_2 = require("../images/Vergleiche/Han_Solo_Jung.jpg");

 export default[
  {
    image: cardOne_1,
    image2: cardOne_2,
    text: '53%',
    text2: '47%',
    title: 'Icebear vs Gorilla',
    check: false,

  },
  {
    image: cardTwo_1,
    image2: cardTwo_2,
    text: '19%',
    text2: '81%',
    title: 'Android vs IOS',
    check: true,

  },
  {
    image: cardThree_1,
    image2: cardThree_2,
    text: '70%',
    text2: '30%',
    title: 'Han Solo',
    check: false,
  },
];

My Homescreen contains two of these Deckswipers (For better clarity I will show here only the code for the first one), which are used to compare two images:
Homescreen - With two DeckSwiper
import data from '../Data.js';

export default class SwipeCards2 extends Component {
  _onSwipeLeft() {
    this._deckSwiper1._root.swipeLeft();
    this._deckSwiper2._root.swipeRight();
  }

  _onSwipeRight() {
    this._deckSwiper2._root.swipeLeft();
    this._deckSwiper1._root.swipeRight();
  }
  render() {
    return (
      <Container style={{ backgroundColor: '#ffffff' }}>
        <View>
          <DeckSwiper
            ref={mr => (this._deckSwiper1 = mr)}
            dataSource={data}
            onSwipeRight={() => this._deckSwiper2._root.swipeLeft()}
            onSwipeLeft={() => this._deckSwiper2._root.swipeRight()}
            looping={true}
            renderEmpty={() => (
              <View style={{ alignSelf: 'center' }}>
                <Text>Das war´s!</Text>
              </View>
            )}
            renderItem={item => (
              <Card
                style={{
                  elevation: 3,
                  height: 335,
                  justifyContent: 'center',
                  width: Dimensions.get('window').width + 1,
                  marginLeft: -1,
                  marginTop: 0,
                }}>

                <TouchableWithoutFeedback onPress={() => this._onSwipeRight()}>

                  <CardItem cardBody style={{ alignItems: 'center' }}>
                    <Image
                      style={{
                        resizeMode: 'cover',
                        flex: 1,
                        height: 335,
                      }}
                      source={item.image}
                    />
                  </CardItem>
                </TouchableWithoutFeedback>

              </Card>
            )}
          />

        </View>
      </Container>
    );
  }
}

I want to set the state "check" in data.js to true, everytime the user does swipe to the right.
A Third Screen renders a List component, which should show the previous made decisions of the user. This list is based on "check" of data.js.
Screen 3 - List of all the decisions
I tried for almost three days and can not find any good solution!
Do you have any suggestions how to achieve this?
Thanks :)

A: I'm not sure how things work with this DeckSwiper component but since you are importing a static data, if you need to change the data you need to clone it and then change it. Assigning data clone to a state variable and then giving it to the component will reflect the changes to the component.
To change a property on a specific object in your array you also need an unique identifier like an ID or similar.
Example
import data from '../Data.js';

export default class SwipeCards2 extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    // clone the static data to state
    this.state = {
      data: [...data]
    }
  }
  changingCheckFunction(obejctsUniqueId) {
    this.setState((prevState) => {
       // find the object's id
      const itemIndex = prevState.data.findIndex(x => x.id == obejctsUniqueId);
      // copy the item and assign the new checked value
      const newItem = Object.assign({}, prevState.data[itemIndex], { checked: !prevState.data[itemIndex]});
      // copy the previous data array
      const newData = [...prevState.data];
      // set the newItem to newData
      newData[itemIndex] = newItem;
      // return the new data value to set state
      return { data: newData };
    });
  }
  _onSwipeLeft() {
    this._deckSwiper1._root.swipeLeft();
    this._deckSwiper2._root.swipeRight();
  }

  _onSwipeRight() {
    this._deckSwiper2._root.swipeLeft();
    this._deckSwiper1._root.swipeRight();
  }
  render() {
    return (
      <Container style={{ backgroundColor: '#ffffff' }}>
        <View>
          <DeckSwiper
            ref={mr => (this._deckSwiper1 = mr)}
            dataSource={this.state.data}
            onSwipeRight={() => this._deckSwiper2._root.swipeLeft()}
            onSwipeLeft={() => this._deckSwiper2._root.swipeRight()}
            looping={true}
            renderEmpty={() => (
              <View style={{ alignSelf: 'center' }}>
                <Text>Das war´s!</Text>
              </View>
            )}
            renderItem={item => (
              <Card
                style={{
                  elevation: 3,
                  height: 335,
                  justifyContent: 'center',
                  width: Dimensions.get('window').width + 1,
                  marginLeft: -1,
                  marginTop: 0,
                }}>

                <TouchableWithoutFeedback onPress={() => this._onSwipeRight()}>

                  <CardItem cardBody style={{ alignItems: 'center' }}>
                    <Image
                      style={{
                        resizeMode: 'cover',
                        flex: 1,
                        height: 335,
                      }}
                      source={item.image}
                    />
                  </CardItem>
                </TouchableWithoutFeedback>

              </Card>
            )}
          />

        </View>
      </Container>
    );
  }
}


a correct path or not), I can't seem to get emacs to run in batch.
a window manager) on the box remotely, using Tarantella.
batch (but of course I can't load libraries, then).
work OK when it is not defined (the last two need a load-path).


The Mayfield boys and girls basketball teams each scored double-digit wins over district foes Gadsden on Tuesday.
LAS CRUCES - The Mayfield boys and girls basketball teams each scored double-digit wins over district foes Gadsden on Tuesday.
On the girls side, Alize Ruiz and Alyssa Madrid each scored 19 to pace the Trojans to a 58-14 home win over the Panthers. Jasmyn Rios chipped in 8 points for the winning team.
Mayfield (13-5, 4-0) next plays host to Deming on Friday. Gadsden (1-14, 0-4) will host Oñate on Friday.
For the boys, Southern Miss recruit Jorell Satefield tallied 33 points and Kayshawn Keys scored 8 in the Trojans' 70-50 road victory over the Panthers.
Gadsden's Kobe Barrientos and Diego Hernandez paced the team with 27 and 12 points, respectively.
Up next, Mayfield (9-9, 3-1) is at Deming on Friday, while Gadsden (10-5, 2-2) travels to Oñate on Friday.
Centennial recorded a 51-37 victory over Deming on Tuesday.
Jessica Rios and Larissa Laborin each scored 16 to lead the Lady Hawks.
Centennial (9-10, 2-3) has a week off before traveling to Gadsden next Tuesday.


Anette Sagen FAQs 2019- Facts, Rumors and the latest Gossip.
Anette Sagen FAQs: Facts, Rumors, Birthdate, Net Worth, Sexual Orientation and much more!
Who is Anette Sagen? Biography, gossip, facts?
Anette Sagen (born 10 January 1985 in Mosjøen) is a Norwegian ski jumper from Mosjøen and one of the best female jumpers of all time. She received a lot of media attention in 2004 when she was denied the opportunity to jump K185 in Vikersund in spite of her good results. The struggle was over whether the quality of female ski jumpers was high enough to allow women to jump in these venues.
When is Anette Sagen's birthday?
Anette Sagen was born on the 10th of January 1985 , which was a Thursday. Anette Sagen will be turning 35 in only 264 days from today.
How old is Anette Sagen?
Anette Sagen is 34 years old. To be more precise (and nerdy), the current age as of right now is 12420 days or (even more geeky) 298080 hours. That's a lot of hours!
Are there any books, DVDs or other memorabilia of Anette Sagen? Is there a Anette Sagen action figure?
We would think so. You can find a collection of items related to Anette Sagen right here.
What is Anette Sagen's zodiac sign and horoscope?
Anette Sagen's zodiac sign is Capricorn.
The ruling planet of Capricorn is Saturn. Therefore, lucky days are Saturdays and lucky numbers are: 1, 4, 8, 10, 13, 17, 19, 22 and 26. Brown, Steel, Grey and Black are Anette Sagen's lucky colors. Typical positive character traits of Capricorn include: Aspiring, Restrained, Firm, Dogged and Determined. Negative character traits could be: Shy, Pessimistic, Negative in thought and Awkward.
Is Anette Sagen gay or straight?
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Is Anette Sagen still alive? Are there any death rumors?
Yes, as far as we know, Anette Sagen is still alive. We don't have any current information about Anette Sagen's health. However, being younger than 50, we hope that everything is ok.
Where was Anette Sagen born?
Anette Sagen was born in Mosjøen, Nordland, Norway.
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0% of all voters think that Anette Sagen is hot, 0% voted for "Not Hot".
How tall is Anette Sagen?
Anette Sagen is 1.63m tall, which is equivalent to 5feet and 4inches.
Who are similar skiers to Anette Sagen?
Jason Dorais, Bernardo Baena, Frank Löffler, Carlo Battel and Jean-Daniel Masserey are skiers that are similar to Anette Sagen. Click on their names to check out their FAQs.
What is Anette Sagen doing now?
Supposedly, 2019 has been a busy year for Anette Sagen. However, we do not have any detailed information on what Anette Sagen is doing these days. Maybe you know more. Feel free to add the latest news, gossip, official contact information such as mangement phone number, cell phone number or email address, and your questions below.
Does Anette Sagen do drugs? Does Anette Sagen smoke cigarettes or weed?
It is no secret that many celebrities have been caught with illegal drugs in the past. Some even openly admit their drug usuage. Do you think that Anette Sagen does smoke cigarettes, weed or marijuhana? Or does Anette Sagen do steroids, coke or even stronger drugs such as heroin? Tell us your opinion below.
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What is Anette Sagen's net worth in 2019? How much does Anette Sagen earn?
According to various sources, Anette Sagen's net worth has grown significantly in 2019. However, the numbers vary depending on the source. If you have current knowledge about Anette Sagen's net worth, please feel free to share the information below.
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The facilities available to members and guests of the Royal Park I Roveri have been modernised throughout and include a new driving range and chip and pitch area, ProShop, swimming pool, gym and convention centre, as well as the Club's renowned classic restaurant.
Designed by prestigious architect Paolo Peyrone, the swimming pool is set in a green area with a spacious solarium and a private bar.
In addition to the traditional courses for small groups, the gym offers personalised workouts for players, based on a postural assessment. The equipment is provided by Technogym – a partner of Royal Park I Roveri – leader in fitness and wellness global solutions.
A warm-up and cool-down area next to the locker rooms.
Comfort and style in the room and in the kitchen: the restaurant at Royal Park I Roveri offers traditional Piedmont dishes and a vast selection of the finest wines.
Not just for Pros: golf products, clothes and accessories from the best brands.
Free Wi-Fi for all club guests.


text:
Дивизма крупноцветна или лопен, краљевска свећа, болов реп, свећњак () је биљка из породице струпниковица (-{Scrophulariaceae}-). Роду -{Verbascum}- припада око 250 врста.

Опис биљке

Вишегодишња зељаста биљка импозантног изгледа за зељасту биљку пошто може да достигне висину и од 120 cm. Читава биљка покривена је меким, филцованим длачицама. Једне године се формира само лисна розета, а тек наредне стабло. Приземни листови су крупни и имају дршку, док су доњи и средњи седећи, а горњи основом обухватају стабло и сви су пепељастосиви или жутозелени. Горњу половину стабла чине цветови сакупљени у густе или растресите гроздасте цвасти, или по неколико цветова формира класеве. Цветови су са крупним, жутим круничним листићима споља покривеним звездастим длакама. Прашника има 5, са храпавим прашничким кесама. Боја цветова може бити бела или пурпурана. Цвета у периоду од јула до августа. Свежи цветови имају непријатан мирис, док суви миришу на мед. Плод је чахура покривена кратким длакама и са семеном призматичног облика.

Ареал распрострањености
Аутохтоно расте у Западном делу Азије и на простору Европе.

Станиште
Расте на отвореним стаништима, ливадама, ивицама шума, огољеним падинама, поред путева...

Расејавање и размножавање
Расевање се врши инсектима, а размножавање семеном.

Порекло назива
Латински назив рода Verbascum, води порекло од речи барба што означава браду, вероватно због храпавих листова.

Дрога и хемијски састав

Користе се крунични листићи који лако отпадају када се стабло протресе. (Суви цветови лако повуку влагу па се зато, пошто се осуше, стављају у стаклене тегле у којима се могу чувати до годину дана.) У цветовима, као и у целој биљци, налазе се сапонини, слуз, шећер, мало гуме, жуте боје, танина и врло мало етарског уља.

Лековито дејство

Дивизма улази у састав тзв. грудног чаја, јер слузима облаже слузокожу дисајних органа, смирује надражење слузокоже, истовремено олакшава избацивање секрета. Сируп од цветова је погодно правити током периода цветања биљке, тако што се латице сместе у тегле и дода шећер, као би на сунчаном месту се формирао сируп, погодан код прехлада. На сличан начин облаже и слузокожу црева па се користи у лечењу улцерација (чирева), хемороида, а споља рана и чирева, при чему се користе листови дивизме. Препоручује се и астматичарима, против нервозе, дрхтавице, сметњи у срчаном ритму а делује и као благи диуретик (поспешује мокрење). За лечење рана, чирева, лишајева, спољашњих хемороида спрема се уље у коме се кувају свежи цветови дивизме. Упорни и дуготрајни кашаљ може се олакшати употребом млека у коме су кувани свежи цветови.

У терапеутским дозама, којих се обавезно треба придржавати, нема нежељеног деловања, али, због садржаја сапонина потребна је умереност у коришћењу ове биљке.

Галерија

Референце

Литература

 Гостушки, Р: Лечење лековитим биљем, Народна књига, Београд, 1979.
 Грлић, Љ: Енциклопедија самониклог јестивог биља, Аугуст Цесарец, Загреб, 1986.
 Дјук, А, Џ: Зелена апотека, Политика, Београд, 2005.
 Јанчић, Р: Лековите биљке са кључем за одређивање, Научна књига, Београд, 1990.
 Јанчић, Р: Ботаника фармацеутика, Службени лист СЦГ, Београд, 2004.
 Јанчић, Р: Сто наших најпознатијих лековитих биљака, Научна књига, Београд, 1988.
 Којић, М, Стаменковић, В, Јовановић, Д: Лековите биљке југоистичне Србије, ЗУНС, Београд 1998.
 Лакушић, Д: Водич кроз флору националног парка Копаоник, ЈП Национални парк Копаоник, Копаоник, 1995.
 Марин, П, Татић, Б: Етимолошки речник, ННК Интернационал, Београд, 2004.
 Миндел, Е: Витаминска библија, ФаМилет, 1997.
 Мишић Љ, Лакушић Р: Ливадске биљке, ЗУНС Сарајево, ЗУНС Београд, ИП Свјетлост, 1990
 Стаменковић, В: Наше нешкодљиве лековите биљке, Тренд, Лесковац
 Туцаков, Ј: Лечење биљем, Рад, Београд, 1984.

Спољашње везе

 BioNet škola

Струпниковице
Лековите биљке

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
September 1, 1992 /in Authorgraph /by Richard Hill
This article is featured in BfK 76 September 1992
This article is in the Authorgraph Category
Authorgraph No.76: Berlie Doherty
Author: Newfield School, Sheffield
Berlie Doherty interviewed by Angela Harding, Joanne Moorhouse and Jennifer Morris from Newfield School, Sheffield. Preliminary research for the interview was done by Stephen Yollen and a team of Y10, Y9 and Y8 pupils.
It was a chilly, autumn afternoon when we went to talk to Berlie Doherty. As we travelled across Sheffield packed in our English teacher's Panda, at least one of us nursed the illusion that all writers live in mansions, so we were surprised to find Berlie in the front room of her comfortable semi-detached house in a Sheffield suburb.
Pictures on the walls included the original painting for the Spellhorn cover, a print of the cover of Granny Was a Buffer Girl, scenes from Children of Winter (which were used for the Jackanory special), and a horse who is soon to be featured in a picture book called Snowy, and others that we recognised from Berlie Doherty books. We took photographs of Berlie sitting in front of her son's painting for the television series of White Peak Farm.
We were welcomed by Berlie with chocolates (a recent birthday present!) and then we began the interview. We had tried out our tape-recorder that morning, but it behaved completely differently in the afternoon. We learnt that interviewers have to be totally familiar with any technology they use and be able to function without it!
Born in Knotty Ash, Liverpool, Berlie was the youngest of three children. Her older brother and sister (Denis and Jean) seemed like adults to her, rather than brother and sister: `they were 16 and 13 when I was born, so I looked to them as being other adults'.
When Berlie was four she moved to Hoylake, `where my first books were set. I lived in a house very much like the one on the front cover of How Green You Are. In fact it was that exact street. Five minutes' walk away was the sea. It was really nice. I was very lucky,' Berlie commented. `I always wanted to be a writer most, but I can remember when I was little I had a list which I carried everywhere with me in my pocket. I wanted to be a writer, a singer, a ballet danger (I never had dancing lessons, but I fancied myself as a dancer!), a swimming-pool attendant, an air hostess, or a librarian. I have done some singing, so I've achieved two of the things on my list. But I prefer writing.' Behind her chair, resting against the wall, was her folk guitar, so we knew the kind of singing she does.
`My serious writing started at a university course I went on to train to
be a teacher. We were invited to write a story as part of the course. It was the first real thing I'd started. It was called Requiem. After finishing it recently, I didn't start writing again for ten months. I've actually been working at it for ten years, on and off.
`My first job was as a social worker, but writing had been part of my life since childhood. I used to write for the children's page of the Liverpool Echo which was our local paper. My dad certainly used to encourage me to do that.'
Berlie gets on well with her publishers. They've liked everything she's written. Only when she was writing Children of Winter did she get a query –
"'What's it about?" asked the publisher.
"It's set in the plague," I replied.
"Children don't like books about history," said the publisher. ..'
`Don't quote me on that,' said Berlie.
Children of Winter proved to be very popular and was made into a Jackanory special.
`My experiences come very much into How Green You Are and The Making of Fingers Finnegan: they were my first two books. In Granny Was a Buffer Girl there's a whole chapter about my mum and dad, called 'Bridie and Jack'. It's about how they ran away to get married and came back to live with their parents.'
When she actually finishes a book she's sad. `It's usually a matter of making myself stop writing, rather than making myself start. After I have finished I feel terrible. I feel grieved that I have lost someone close; a great deal of myself is in my books.
'I like to read all kinds of books. It's important to keep up with what's been written. I don't like to read escapist books though.'
Berlie's ideas come from just about everywhere. `All kinds of things can give you an idea as a starting point. For instance, the idea for Granny Was a Buffer Girl came from a painting in Graves Art Gallery, Sheffield. It was a painting of two buffer girls and it was the idea of these girls trapped forever in a painting, at the age of 18, which made me try to imagine what it would be like for them to step out of the painting and live real lives.
`My problem is not what to think of to write about, it's what to write next, because I've usually got lots of ideas in my head.'
About her writing habits, she said,
`I start writing quite early after posting my letters, up until around lunchtime. I never write in the afternoon; I'd fall asleep if I tried.
`I've got two favourite places. One is upstairs in my attic, which is where I usually work, and the other is Burbage Edge, where there is a big rock where I like to sit and write. If it's cold I just stay in the car and look down the valley. It doesn't always give me ideas, but it releases me. I just find it very relaxing to be there.
`When writing I always start off with a hand-written draft. I love that closeness to the page and the noise of the pen on the paper. I write on every other page and every other line. So I have lots of space for new ideas or to ask myself questions. Last of all I-go to the word-processor and then it feels like a proper, posh book. It's like a tapestry with all the threads woven in.'
At about this time we were struck by the stunning pictures and photographs on the walls. We asked her about them: `In the hall is the cover picture of Spellhorn. My daughter drew some illustrations for a TV feature of it. Janna illustrated Tilly Mint and the Dodo for me. Sally did a little bit of illustrating in Spellhorn and she did the music for it when it went on the radio. Tim did the pictures for the White Peak Farm TV series.
`I bought the original artwork of Spellhorn because it's my favourite book – it's very different from anything else I've written. It's a fantasy, I was literally taking steps in the dark because it's about blindness. I wrote it with children from Tapton Mount School for the Blind.'
`I'd love to be Tilly Mint because anything could happen to her. The other person I'd like to be is Laura in Spellhorn.'
About Tilly Mint and the Dodo, Berlie says: `I care very much about the environment. I think it's important. The challenge was to write about such an issue in a style acceptable to younger children. I don't think books should give messages; I don't think that's what novels are about.'
Berlie can have ideas for new stories in her head for months – even years! But eventually she will write them down. She can have one or two ideas in her head while writing another book!
About 12 years ago she began to write professionally. She was working as an English teacher at Ecclesfield School, Sheffield, at the time and gradually went part-time as writing took over her life.
She began to test out her stories and ideas on her classes and her own children, who were still fairly young. `Although at the time they didn't know it, the pupils from Ecclesfield School were a great help when I was writing How Green You Are. Later I wrote the book called Tough Luck with a whole class of Year 9 students at a school in Doncaster and Spellhorn with a group of blind students. I wrote Dear Nobody after talking to Year 10 and 11 students. Collaborating with my potential readers released me and got lots of ideas going in my head.
`It seems a bit of a cheek to think that I can write for 12-year-olds, say, if I don't know how 12-year-olds think.
I made a promise to myself that I would always involve children at one stage or another when I was writing.'
Her most recent book is Dear Nobody (published in November 1991 and winner of this year's Carnegie Medal). It's a book she's wanted to do for a long time. `Dear Nobody is a novel about a teenage pregnancy and I'm looking at the effect on all the various members of the family back to the grandparents.'
The next question arose when Cosy the cat sauntered into the room. We'd never realised that Paddiwak and Cosy were real! Paddiwak unfortunately died
a while ago. Was another collaboration with Teresa O'Brien going to happen we wondered? (She illustrated the book Paddiwak and Cosy.) `I'd love to work with Teresa again. She's a, wonderful artist, but at present I don't have the right kind of idea.'
Berlie recently finished a picture book all about a horse called Snowy which is due to be published this autumn. She has the idea for a new children's book in her head, but is currently working on a play for adults.
'The right time to stop writing is when people stop reading your books. I still enjoy writing. When I don't enjoy it then I think that would be a good time to stop.'
As we came to the end of our stay, we all had our Berlie Doherty books signed and then we reluctantly left – saying goodbyes and thank-yous to Berlie and Cosy, of course.
How Green You Are, Methuen, 0 416 20940 8, £7.95
Children of Winter, Methuen, 0 416 51130 9, R£7.95; Lions, 0 00 672583 X, £2.50 pbk
The Making of Fingers Finnegan, Methuen, 0 416 02882 9, £7.95
Granny Was a Buffer Girl, Methuen, 0 416 53590 9, £8.95; Lions, 0 00 672792 1, £2.75 pbk
Spellhorn, Hamish Hamilton, 0 241 12624 X, £8.99; Young Lions, 0 00 673500 2, £2.99 pbk
Tilly Mint and the Dodo, Methuen, 0 416 04622 3, £7.95; Young Lions, 0 00 673250 X, £2.25 pbk
Tough Luck, Hamish Hamilton, 0 241 12016 0, £8.50
Paddiwak and Cosy, Methuen, 0 416 23610 3, £6.95; Mammoth, 0 7497 0299 0, £2.50 pbk
Dear Nobody, Hamish Hamilton, 0 241 13056 5, £8.99
Snowy, ill. Keith Bowen, will be published by Collins in October 1992.
Berlie's adult novel, Requiem, is published by Michael Joseph (0 7181 3465 6, £13.99) and Penguin (0 14 015690 9, £5.99 pbk).
http://booksforkeeps.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/bfklogo.png 0 0 Richard Hill http://booksforkeeps.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/bfklogo.png Richard Hill1992-09-01 09:50:592021-12-10 10:42:44Authorgraph No.76: Berlie Doherty
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text:
El Vaquero Staff Writer" />
El Vaquero • October 7, 2005 • https://elvaq.com/entertainmentbooks/2005/10/07/bwriter-sets-murder-mystery-in-burbankb/
Writer Sets Murder Mystery in Burbank
ALISON GELLEREl Vaquero Staff Writer
Jane DiLucchio, Division Chair of Continuing Education Business and Life Skills at the Garfield campus, has recently had her first novel published, a lesbian murder mystery titled "Relationships Can Be Murder." It was released earlier this year by New Victoria Publishers.
The inspiration for this novel came to DiLucchio five years ago, while she was doing jury duty for the third time. The two previous times she had served on a jury, she was assigned to murder trials.
Waiting in the jury room, which she called a generally a mind-numbing experience, she started thinking: "Now why would somebody kill somebody else? Not a random killing. And I came up with the idea of secrets. That if you had a secret that was vital to you, you might kill somebody else to protect that secret."
Thus the basis of "Relationships" was formed. The novel focuses on the relationship of the main character, Dee DelValle, and her three friends, as they try to solve the murder of a famous TV newscaster, a crime for which Dee DalValle herself is implicated as the prime suspect.
In "Relationships" everybody keeps secrets, even from their friends and lovers, until someone decides that one particular secret is so important that someone is willing to kill for it.
This is not DiLucchio's first writing attempt. She first wrote a romance novel about 10 years ago. She had a scene that kept playing in her head, so she finally wrote it down and it became the basis for that book. In fact, the scene ended up being a whole chapter in the romance novel.
DiLucchio did not even think of trying to get her first novel published. It was just for her and her friends to read. What she did find out though, was that she was capable of writing a book. And even though it took her five years to write "Relationships Can Be Murder" (she was writing only part-time) it seems to have been worth it.
She says she is pleased with reviews she has received.
Residents of the Burbank/Glendale area may recognize some of the locations Dee DelValle visits, because she lives in Burbank.
"Dee jogs around Lake Hollywood, and up and down Clark Street-on the new Chandler bike way and she teaches in Glendale Unified [School District]," said DiLucchio.
DiLucchio herself has been a resident of Burbank for the past 19 years and lives with Sue, her partner of 18 years and their two cats, Murphy and Shania.
She earned her bachelor's degree in Liberal Arts at Occidental College and did her graduate work in education with a specialty in math at Cal State L.A.
She has been a professor here at GCC for 18 years and, prior to that, taught at Bret Harte Elementary School in Burbank, where she began her teaching career.
DiLucchio now teaches at the continuing education campus at the developmental skills lab, teaching general education prep courses, mainly math and science.
"I love teaching people, adults, who have hated math all their lives and have not had success with math. It's so much fun when they begin to see that math can make sense and it's not this horrendous, difficult, overwhelming, negative experience," said DiLucchio.
In fact, she says, a student recently came up to her and said that they had never understood a math problem until she explained it to him. "And that's better than any award you can ever get — when a student that has not had success with math really has that break through."
As division chair, she doesn't get to teach as much as she use to, and while she does miss it, she hopes her position enables her to help "advocate for all of our students and make a bigger impact on a lot more students than just the students in my classroom."
She is currently working on two more novels. One is a sequel to "Relationships" and the other is another murder mystery set in Santa Barbara and has no connection to "Relationships."
She will be doing several book signings in October for "Relationships Can Be Murder."
The first one was on Oct. 1 at Mystery and Imagination Bookstore.
DiLucchio was there with two other authors, Taffy Cannon author of "Paradise Lost" and Steven Schindler author of "From Here To Reality", and they all did readings from their books and answered questions.
There is another book signing on Oct. 8 at A Different Light Bookstore in West Hollywood, at 8853 Santa Monica Blvd.
For more information and to find out where "Relationships Can Be Murder" is sold, readers can go to www.janedilucchio.com.


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text:
At Home and Abroad, UN Report Details Abysmal US Record of Abuse
ANGLO AMERICA, 1 Dec 2014
Jon Queally – Common Dreams
Torture, indefinite detention, excessive force, and systematic discrimination and mistreatment have become part of the nation's modern legacy.
The findings of a new UN report do not reflect well on the U.S., a nation that continues to tout itself as a leader on such issues despite the enormous amount of criticism aimed at policies of torture, indefinite detention, and various forms of other abuse in recent years. (Image: Witness Against Torture/flickr)
An official report by the United Nations Committee Against Torture released Friday found that the United States has a long way to go if it wants to actually earn its claimed position as a leader in the world on human rights.
Following a lengthy review of recent and current practices regarding torture, imprisonment, policing, immigration policies, and the overall legacy of the Bush and Obama administration's execution of the so-called 'War on Terror,' the committee report (pdf) found the U.S. government in gross violation when it comes to protecting basic principles of the Convention Against Torture, which the U.S. ratified in 1994, as well as other international treaties.
This was the first full review of the U.S. human rights record by the UN body since 2006 and the release of the report follows a two-day hearing in Geneva earlier this month in which representatives of the Obama administration offered testimony and answered questions to the review panel. The report's findings do not reflect well on the U.S., a nation that continues to tout itself as a leader on such issues despite the enormous amount of criticism aimed at policies of torture and indefinite detention implemented in the years following September 11, 2001, the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq that followed, and the global military campaign taking place on several continents and numerous countries that continues to this day.
In addition to calling for full accountability for the worst torture practices that happened during the Bush administration, the panel also demanded the Obama administration end the continued harsh treatment of foreign detainees at its offshore prison at Guantanamo Bay on the island of Cuba. As Reuters notes, the panel's report criticized what it called a continued U.S. failure to fully investigate allegations of torture and ill-treatment of terrorism suspects held in U.S. custody abroad, "evidenced by the limited number of criminal prosecutions and convictions".
According to the report:
The Committee expresses its grave concern over the extraordinary rendition, secret detention and interrogation programme operated by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) between 2001 and 2008, which involved numerous hum an rights violations, including torture, ill – treatment and enforced disappearance of persons suspected of involvement in terrorism – related crimes. While noting the content and scope of Presidential E.O. 13491, the Committee regrets the scant information pr ovided by the State party with regard to the now shuttered network of secret detention facilities, which formed part of the high – value detainee programme publicly referred to by President Bush on 6 September 2006. It also regrets the lack of information pr ovided on the practices of extraordinary rendition and enforced disappearance; and, on the extent of the CIA's abusive interrogation techniques used on suspected terrorists, such as waterboarding.
As The Guardian reports:
Many of the harshest criticisms are reserved for the Bush administration's excesses between 2001 and 2009. But the committee is critical of how the current US government has failed, in its view, to clean up the mess that was created in the wake of 9/11.
In particular, it wants to see the US acknowledge torture as a specific criminal offence at the federal level, thereby removing possible loopholes in the law. It also urges the US Senate select committee on intelligence to publish as quickly as possible its report into the CIA's historic detention and interrogation programme that has been caught up in political wrangling for months.
"The Obama administration needs to match its rhetoric with actions by supporting full accountability for torture," said Jamil Dakwa, director of the ACLU's human rights program, in response to the report. "As a start, that means allowing the release of the Senate's torture report summary without redactions that would defeat report's primary purpose, which is to expose the full extent of government abuse. It also means ensuring a top-to-bottom criminal investigation of the torture that occurred."
The report says that though the U.S. has tough anti-torture statutes on the books, it has not gone far enough in some areas to guarantee that no loopholes exist and has done far too little to allow redress for violations that have already occurred. In terms of recommendations, panel's report "calls for the declassification of torture evidence, in particular Guantanamo detainees' accounts of torture" and said the U.S. "should ensure that all victims of torture are able to access a remedy and obtain redress, wherever acts of torture occurred and regardless of the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim. "
In addition to criticizing other policies related to military engagement abroad, the committee slammed the U.S. for many of its domestic policies, including prolonged solitary confinement of those in prison; charges of "prolonged suffering" for those exposed to "botched" state executions; heavy-handed and discriminatory policing practices in the nation's cities; the treatment of juveniles in the criminal justice system; and serious problems with its immigration enforcement policies.
As protests related to the shooting death of Michael Brown by a police officer in Ferguson, Missouri continue this week, the UN panel specifically referred to the "frequent and recurrent police shootings or fatal pursuits of unarmed black individuals."
Speaking with reporters, panel member Alessio Bruni said, "We recommend that all instances of police brutality and excessive use of force by law enforcement officers are investigated promptly, effectively and impartially by an independent mechanism."
"This report – along with the voices of Americans protesting around the country this week – is a wake-up call for police who think they can act with impunity," said ACLU's Dakwar. "It's time for systemic policing reforms and effective oversight that make sure law enforcement agencies treat all citizens with equal respect and hold officers accountable when they cross the line."
Go to Original – commondreams.org
ANGLO AMERICA:
Hey, Hey, USA! How Many Bombs Did You Drop Today?
Stop Prosecuting the Press: Biden's Persecution of Julian Assange
Lowering USA's Delusion Throne


You know the expression "Have a heart"? The people who created the "heart" radical apparently took that advice literally, in that they made several versions of this radical.
Instead of a "heart" radical, we find the "clothing" radical (衣)! That's one materialistic inner heart!
This compound refers, not to the organ pounding in the chest, but rather to feelings—specifically, ones that people have hidden (pushed to the back?), rather than expressing. Although 肚 is a non-Joyo kanji for "belly," it can also mean "one's mind, one's real intentions." And while 裏 often means "reverse side, rear," in this case it likely means "hidden from view."
Typically, 胸 (840) means "chest" and 襟 (1181) is "collar," but they burst into bloom here with rich figurative meanings—namely, "feelings" and "heart."
I'll keep this to myself (telling nobody).
Talk to a psychologist about your 心 (こころ: heart).
Talk to a cardiologist about your 心臓 (しんぞう: heart).


text:
Home » Magazine » Hublot's New Limited Edition for the Famous Swiss Regatta – Hublot Classic Fusion Bol d'Or Miribaud 2014
Hublot's New Limited Edition for the Famous Swiss Regatta – Hublot Classic Fusion Bol d'Or Miribaud 2014
Written by Boris Ivkovic on June 24, 2014 in Hublot Classic Fusion Collection, Hublot Watches, Magazine, News & Events - No comments
To commemorate its second year as a sponsor of Bol d'Or Miribaud regatta that takes place annually at Lake Geneva, Hublot is launching a special edition piece from its Classic Fusion collection. The novel timekeeper is distinguished for its use of carbon fiber which is utilized in the construction of its bezel, dial and partially its attachment. At the case-back of the novelty, one can spot an appropriate engraving that honors the 76th edition of the world's most important inland lake regatta to which it is dedicated. Moreover, the new Hublot watch is launched in the limited edition of 76 which signifies the number of editions of the prestigious event it commemorates.
Hublot Classic Fusion Bol d'Or Miribaud 2014 Watch Front
Last year, Hublot started its partnership with Bol d'Or Miribaud regatta for number of obvious reasons. The event is very glamorous and important since it usually rounds up as much as 600 vessels, more than 3000 of sailors altogether and thousands of spectators. Apart from being the number one sailing event when it comes to inland lake regattas, it takes place on Lake Geneva in western Switzerland. This practically locates the event in the Hublot's backyard, since the watchmaker has its facilities very close by, in Nyon. Finally, the brand itself has a lot of tradition with the aquatic activities and even its name "Hublot" actually means "porthole" in French.
Blue Chrono Counters and Carbon Fiber Components
Apart from the appropriate engraving on the rear side of the case, the commemorative limited edition does not bring any spectacular novelties and its specificities are restricted to some of the present details. Hublot Classic Fusion Bol d'Or Miribaud 2014 timekeeper comes in a round titanium casing with the diameter of 45 mm. The choice of material is quite suitable for the watch's intended use, especially since it is not corrosive. Another convenient trait is its water resistance to 50 meters which is far from impressive, but quite sufficient for sailing or any potential swimming.
Hublot Classic Fusion Bol d'Or Miribaud 2014 Watch
The timekeeper from the Classic Fusion series with the reference number 521.NQ.1717.QR.BOM14 has its bezel made of carbon fiber and fixed to the rest of the construction with six H-shaped screws, as it is customary for the brand. Carbon fiber was once again used for the creation of a black dial which is placed underneath a sapphire crystal. The dial itself is quite typical for a chronograph from the Classic Fusion collection and it features applied hour markers, skeletonized hands and a date aperture at the bottom. The novel trait that differentiates the limited edition watch from the remainder of similar models is the presence of a pair of midnight blue chrono counters with sunburst motif decorations. These sub-counters are envisioned as a nod to the timekeeper's origin. As the brand explains, its color is supposed to resemble the shade of Lake Geneva. Finally, carbon fiber is likewise used for the making of the wristlet. In this instance, the material is utlizied in combination with a rubber in order to create a black attachment with blue saddle stitching. The bracelet of the watch lock with a folding buckle made of stainless steel.
Hublot Classic Fusion Bol d'Or Miribaud 2014 Watch Back
As it is common for a chronograph from the Classic Fusion series, the watch runs on self-winding HUB 1143 mechanical chronograph movement with 59 jewels and 280 parts in total. The ETA based movement supports a power storage which lasts for 42 hours.


The infamous Calderdale Way Relay took place last Sunday, attracting a field of more than 1000 competitors, and both team prizes were won by local clubs.
Calder Valley Fell Runners' crack men's team took the honours for the fifth time in eight years while Todmorden Harriers' women were their club's first ever winners at the event.
Comprising of six sections totalling 51 miles, the race takes in all the hills, moors and valleys of Calderdale. It is an 'up and down' journey with few level sections in and around Halifax, Hebden Bridge and Todmorden and is run in pairs.
Following old packhorse ways across the open gritstone hillsides with sections of traditional stone causeway, passing through hillside villages and old mill towns on the banks of the River Calder, the appeal of the route is obvious, particularly on a fine, sunny Sunday in May.
Calder Valley FR fielded six teams of 12 and the men's A team of Ben Mounsey and Andy Swift, Shaun Godsman and Alex Whittem, Mark O'Connor and Martin Howard, Ian Symington and Tim Ellis, Mark Taylor and Steve Edwards and Tom Collinge and Gav Mullholland won by more than eight minutes, completing in 6:07:30.
This was despite a number of them having ran in the inter-counties championship the previous day.
Wharfedale and Barlick finished second and third and huge thanks went to Nick Small and organisers Halifax Harriers.
Tod's women succeeded in toppling the mighty Holmfirth, who have won the women's race for the past five years.
The strength and depth of the team was demonstrated by the way they reeled in early leaders Barlick, who had established a 15 minute advantage.
Tod had Annie Roberts and Rebecca Patrick on leg one, Suzy Straughan and Lucy Burnett on leg two and Rebecca Senior and Claire Duffield on leg three. Mel Blackhurst and Pauline May then took over and Lucy Hobbs and Zoe Dijkman ran leg five before Emma Fiedler and Sarah Glyde finished things off.
Calder Valley also had the second mixed team with John Allan and Lee Shimwell, Jo Buckley and Jo Waites, Joanne Stevens and Catherine Holden, Mark Goldie and Bill Johnson, Lucy Collins and Gayle Sugden and Johnny Croston and Luke Meleschko. They clocked 7:19:58.
Northowram Pumas had four teams and like Stainland Lions were awaiting their results .
Andrew Laird Boldy did a fantastic job of pairing Lions of similar speed. Cameron Rushworth and Amjid Khan both deserve a special mention, having been drafted in at the eleventh hour to replace injured runners – and in Khan's case having only joined the club this week and wearing borrowed club kit.