text:
Da Costa v Jones (1778) 2 Cowp 729 is a landmark English contract law case.

Facts
A wager was made on the sex of a certain individual.

The individual concerned was a French national known as Monsieur le Chevalier D'Eon. D'Eon was a captain in the Dragoons and had served France in diplomatic postings firstly in Russia and later in England. He had been awarded the Cross of Saint-Louis during the reign of Louis XV in recognition of his service in the Dragoons and his diplomatic work. In the reign of Louis XV, the king established a spy service which was known as the Secret.  The existence of Secret was not known to the king's ministers: It reported directly to him.

During his time in England he fell out of favour with two of the king's ministers (a dispute having started over the level of his expenses), leading to his replacement by another diplomat. He continued to serve his country as a spy and therefore reported indirectly to the king. He held concerns that if he were to return to France he could have been imprisoned on the Bastille. Over time, he made comments which threw doubt on his true sex. Being well known in London, comments about his sex became the subject of talk and comment in the press. In turn this led to numerous wagering contracts being entered into.

The wager in the Da Costa v Jones was not the first to have come before the courts. In an earlier case (also before Lord Mansfield) it was held, on the evidence provided by witnesses (including two doctors) to a jury that Monsieur D'Eon was female. It was not until this case that the Court (Lord Mansfield) considered the public policy issues arising from this form of wager.

Judgment
Lord Mansfield held the contract was ineffective, on the basis that it was not in good faith.

See also
Good faith

Notes

References
Warren Swain, in C Mitchell and P Mitchell, Landmark Cases in the Law of Contract (2008)
Gary Kates, Monsieur d'Eon Is a Woman (1995) Basic Books,

English contract case law
English good faith case law
Lord Mansfield cases
1778 in case law
1778 in British law
Court of King's Bench (England) cases
Transgender history

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Situated near the medieval town of Obidos, on the banks of the Lagoon, BOM SUCESSO RESORT represents the most ambitious project ever planned for a luxury tourist resort. Built over an area covering 1 576 210 sqm, BOM SUCESSO RESORT will contain 601 houses, both villas and townhouses, an 18-hole Championship golf course and a large ecological reserve. It was developed as a model of excellence, with contemporary architecture as the cornerstone of its concept strategy. With the highest standards of quality of life in mind, nothing was left to chance. This is a project tailored for the demanding consumer who appreciates contemporary architectural style, highly rated in the real-estate market and located in a privileged country.
The varied landscape and natural terrain was maintained undisturbed as possible to create a unique and world class 18-hole seaside links golf course alongside the silver coast. Rolling sand dunes intersped with coastal vegetation, while the pine groves overlook the ocean from above. This privileged and exclusive location will mesmerise and challenge you to tame the forces of nature and perfect your game.
West Cliffs golf links was voted "World's Best New Golf Course" at the 2017 World Golf Awards.


Minister for Women Pru Goward and Nationals Member for Lismore, Thomas George MP today announced the NSW Government has awarded two grants in the Lismore electorate to help raise awareness about the impact of domestic violence.
�In this electorate, $1000 grants have been awarded to the Kyogle and District Domestic Violence Committee and Lismore Domestic Violence Liaison Committee to undertake community awareness activities,� Mr George said.
�The small grants are part of the NSW Government�s domestic violence reforms to increase the focus on prevention and early intervention,� Ms Goward said.
The Local Domestic and Family Violence Committees are comprised of representatives from both government and non-government service providers.
To find out more about the Domestic Violence Small Grants Program, go to www.women.nsw.gov.au.


Cloud hosting is quickly becoming the industry standard when it comes to web hosting.
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I'm from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. I started coaching when I was 14 years old - coaching my younger brother's basketball team. In the process, I felt a great sense of purpose and meaning in my life. For last 10 years, I have worked with athletes of all levels including youth, high school, university, and professional athletes. I am currently pursuing jobs in the NBA & NCAA as I continue to share video edits, run camps and workouts.


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Black Love Is Black Power Natural Wooden Earrings $6.00
Igbo Landing Mass Suicide 1803
rohonupe99 November 13, 2021 13 min read
Igbo Landing (also called Ibo Landing, Ebo Landing, or Ebos Landing) is a historic site at Dunbar Creek on St. Simons Island, Glynn County, Georgia. It was the setting of a mass suicide in 1803 by captive Igbo people who had taken control of their slave ship and refused to submit to slavery in the United States.
Historic site at Dunbar Creek, Georgia
Igbo Landing
The marshes of St. Simons Island
Dunbar Creek, St. Simons Island in Glynn County, Georgia, United States
31°11′14″N 81°23′14″W / 31.18722°N 81.38722°W / 31.18722; -81.38722Coordinates: 31°11′14″N 81°23′14″W / 31.18722°N 81.38722°W / 31.18722; -81.38722
Location of Igbo Landing in Georgia
A 1930 post card showing moonlight on Dunbar River, Glynn Haven, St. Simons Island, Georgia
May 1803 (1803-05)
A group of 75 Igbo enslaved people [1]
Mass suicide in opposition to slavery in the United States. Notable influence on African American folklore and literature
13 bodies of drowned enslaved people were recovered[1] and 3 white overseers drowned[2] but actual numbers of deaths uncertain
North American slave revolts
The Haitian Revolution
Atlantic slave trade
Maroons
Slavery among indigenous peoples
Slavery in Canada
Slavery in Cuba
Slavery in Haiti
Slavery in Latin America
Slavery in the Bahamas
Slavery in the Caribbean
Slavery in the Virgin Islands
Slavery in the colonial US
Slavery in the US
Before the 18th century
1511 Taíno Rebellion
(Spanish colony of Santo Domingo)
1521 Santo Domingo Slave Revolt
(Santo Domingo)
1526 San Miguel de Gualdape
(Spanish Florida, victorious)
1548–1558, 1579–1582 Bayano Wars
(Real Audiencia of Panama, New Spain, suppressed)
c. 1570 Gaspar Yanga's Revolt
(Veracruz, New Spain, victorious)
1601 Acaxee Rebellion
(New Spain, suppressed)
1616 Tepehuán Revolt
1680 Pueblo Revolt
(Santa Fe de Nuevo México, New Spain, victorious)
1712 New York Slave Revolt
(British Province of New York, suppressed)
1730 First Maroon War
(British Jamaica, victorious)
1730 Chesapeake rebellion
(British Chesapeake Colonies, suppressed)
1733 St. John Slave Revolt
(Danish Saint John, suppressed)
1739 Stono Rebellion
(British Province of South Carolina, suppressed)
1741 New York Conspiracy
1760–61 Tacky's War
(British Jamaica, suppressed)
1787 Abaco Slave Revolt
(British Bahamas, suppressed)
1791 Mina Conspiracy
(Spanish Louisiana (New Spain), suppressed)
1795 Pointe Coupée Conspiracy
(Spanish Louisiana, suppressed)
1795 Curaçao Slave Revolt of 1795
(Dutch Curaçao, suppressed)
1791–1804 Haitian Revolution
(French Saint-Domingue, victorious)
1800 Gabriel's Rebellion
(Virginia, suppressed)
1803 Igbo Landing
(St. Simons Island, Georgia, victorious)
1805 Chatham Manor
1811 German Coast Uprising
(Territory of Orleans, suppressed)
1811 Aponte conspiracy
(Spanish Cuba, suppressed)
1815 George Boxley
1816 Bussa's Rebellion
(British Barbados, suppressed)
1822 Denmark Vesey
(South Carolina, suppressed)
1825 Great African Slave Revolt
(Cuba, suppressed)
1831 Nat Turner's rebellion
1831–32 Baptist War
1839 Amistad, ship rebellion
(off the Cuban coast, victorious)
1841 Creole case, ship rebellion
(off the Southern U.S. coast, victorious)
1842 slave revolt in the Cherokee Nation
(Indian Territory, suppressed)
1843–44 Ladder Conspiracy
1859 John Brown's raid
Notable leaders
Carolta
Charles Deslondes
Denmark Vesey
François Mackandal
Gabriel Prosser
Gaspar Yanga
Jean Saint Malo
Joseph Cinqué
Madison Washington
Marcos Xiorro
Nanny of the Maroons
Newton Knight
Toussaint Louverture
Igbo Landing (also called Ibo Landing, Ebo Landing, or Ebos Landing) is a historic site at Dunbar Creek on St. Simons Island, Glynn County, Georgia. It was the setting of a mass suicide in 1803 by captive Igbo people who had taken control of their slave ship and refused to submit to slavery in the United States. The event's moral value as a story of resistance towards slavery has symbolic importance in African American folklore and literary history.
Further information: Slave Coast of West Africa and Igbo people in the Atlantic slave trade
Igbo women, photographed in Nigeria, early 20th century
In May 1803 a shipload of captive West Africans, upon surviving the Middle Passage, were landed by U.S.-paid captors in Savannah by a slave ship, to be auctioned off at one of the local slave markets. The ship's enslaved passengers included a number of Igbo people from what is now Nigeria. The Igbo were known by planters and slavers of the American South for being fiercely independent and resistant to chattel slavery.[3][4] The group of 75 enslaved Igbo people were bought by agents of John Couper and Thomas Spalding for forced labor on their plantations in St. Simons Island for $100 each.[5]
The chained enslaved people were packed under the deck of a small vessel named The Schooner York[1][2] to be shipped to the island (other sources say the voyage took place aboard The Morovia[6]). During this voyage the Igbo slaves rose up in rebellion, taking control of the ship and drowning their captors, in the process causing the grounding of the Morovia in Dunbar Creek at the site now locally known as Igbo Landing.[7]
The following sequence of events is unclear, as there are several versions of the revolt's development, some of which are considered mythological. Apparently the Africans went ashore and subsequently, under the direction of a high Igbo chief among them, walked in unison into the creek singing in the Igbo language "The Water Spirit brought us, the Water Spirit will take us home". They thereby accepted the protection of their god Chukwu and death over the alternative of slavery.[7] Roswell King, a white overseer on the nearby Pierce Butler plantation (Butler Island Plantation), wrote one of the few contemporary accounts of the incident, which states that as soon as the Igbo landed on St. Simons Island they took to the swamp, dying by suicide by walking into Dunbar Creek.[4] A 19th-century account of the event identifies the captain by the surname Patterson and names Roswell King as the person who recovered the bodies of the drowned.[8] A letter describing the event written by Savannah slave dealer William Mein states that the Igbo walked into the marsh, where 10 to 12 drowned, while some were "salvaged" by bounty hunters who received $10 a head from Spalding and Couper.[5] According to some sources, survivors of the Igbo rebellion were taken to Cannon's Point on St. Simons Island and Sapelo Island.[7][9]
Igbo Landing was the final scene of events which in 1803 amounted to a "major act of resistance" by the Africans. These events have had enduring symbolic importance in African-American folklore and literary history.[10] The mutiny by the Igbo people has been referred to as the first "freedom march" in the history of America.[5] Although for more than two centuries most authorities considered the accounts to be an Afro-American folktale, research since 1980 has verified the factual basis of the legend and its historical content. The site was included as a historic resource in a 2009 county survey.[7]
The site bears no official historical marker. A sewage disposal plant[11] was built beside the historical site in the 1940s despite local opposition by African Americans. The site is still routinely visited by historians and tourists.[12] The event has recently been incorporated into the history curriculum of coastal Georgia schools.[12]
The story of the Igbo slaves who chose death over a life of slavery is a recurring story that has taken deep roots in African American and Gullah oral history. As is typical of oral histories, the facts have evolved over time.
Myth of the water-walking Africans
Floyd White, an elderly African American interviewed by the Federal Writers Project[13] in the 1930s is recorded as saying:
Heard about the Ibo's Landing? That's the place where they bring the Ibos over in a slave ship and when they get here, they ain't like it and so they all start singing and they march right down in the river to march back to Africa, but they ain't able to get there. They gets drown.[8]
A typical Gullah telling of the events, incorporating many of the recurrent themes that are common to most myths related to the Igbo Landing, is recorded by Linda S. Watts:
The West Africans upon assessing their situation resolved to risk their lives by walking home over the water rather than submit to the living death that awaited them in American slavery. As the tale has it, the tribes people disembark from the ship, and as a group, turned around and walked along the water, traveling in the opposite direction from the arrival port. As they took this march together, the West Africans joined in song. They are reported to have sung a hymn in which the lyrics assert that the water spirits will take them home. While versions of this story vary in nuance, all attest to the courage in rebellion displayed by the enslaved Igbo.[10]
Myth of the flying Africans
Another popular legend associated with Igbo Landing is known as the myth of the flying Africans. It was recorded from various oral sources in the 1930s by members of the Federal Writers Project.[13][14] In these cases, the Africans are reputed to have grown wings, or turned into vultures,[15] before flying back home to freedom in Africa. Wallace Quarterman, an African American born in 1844,[8] who was interviewed in 1930, when asked if he had heard about the Igbo landing states:
Ain't you heard about them? Well, at that time Mr. Blue he was the overseer and ... Mr. Blue he go down one morning with a long whip for to whip them good. ... Anyway, he whipped them good and they got together and stuck that hoe in the field and then ... rose up in the sky and turned themselves into buzzards and flew right back to Africa. ... Everybody knows about them.[4]
As Professor Terri L. Snyder notes:
The flying African folktale probably has its historical roots in an 1803 collective suicide by newly imported slaves. A group of Igbo (variously, Ebo or Ibo) captives who had survived the middle passage were sold near Savannah, Georgia, and reloaded onto a small ship bound for St. Simon's Island. Off the coast of the island, the enslaved cargo, who had "suffered much by mismanagement," "rose" from their confinement in the small vessel, and revolted against the crew, forcing them into the water where they drowned. After the ship ran aground, the Igbos "took to the marsh" and drowned themselves—an act that most scholars have understood as a deliberate, collective suicide. The site of their fatal immersion was named Ebos Landing. The fate of those Igbo in 1803 gave rise to a distinctive regional folklore and a place name.[8]
This theory is disputed, however, by Professor Jeroen Dewulf, who argues that there are frequent references to Igbos as well as to enslaved Africans flying home in the Federal Writers Project interviews, but that theories connecting both are built on weak foundations. Dewulf, instead, traces the origins of the myth of the flying Africans to the Kingdom of Loango and the Kingdom of Kongo in Central Africa.[16]
Reported haunting
Local people claim that the Igbo Landing and surrounding marshes in Dunbar Creek are haunted by the souls of the dead Igbo who were enslaved.[2][6][17]
In September 2002 the St. Simons African-American Heritage Coalition organized a two-day commemoration with events related to Igbo history and a procession to the site. The 75 attendees came from other states, as well as Nigeria, and Belize and Haiti, where similar resistance had taken place. They gathered to designate the site as holy ground and give the souls rest.[18] The account of the Igbo is now part of the curriculum for coastal Georgia schools.[18]
Representation in other media
The historical events pertaining to the Igbo slave escape in Dunbar Creek, and the associated myth, have inspired and influenced a number of artists from the African diaspora.
Examples include Nobel laureate Toni Morrison, who used the myth of the flying Africans in her novel, Song of Solomon,[4] and Alex Haley, who retells the story in his book Roots.[11] The Paule Marshall novel Praisesong for the Widow also was inspired by these events. They are retold from the context of the Gullah descendants in the feature film Daughters of the Dust (1993), directed by Julie Dash.[10] The 1994 Ngozi Onwurah film Welcome II the Terrordome features a dramatization the Igbo landing, serving as a frame for the film's main plot and dystopian setting.
Other contemporary artists that allude to, or have integrated the complete tale of the Flying Africans in their work, include Joseph Zobel, Maryse Conde, Toni Cade Bambara, and Jamaica Kincaid.[14] Imagery from the "Love Drought" portion of Beyoncé's visual album Lemonade is said to be inspired by Daughters of the Dust[further explanation needed] and the story of Igbo Landing.[19]
In the 2018 Marvel film Black Panther, Michael B. Jordan, as Killmonger, references Igbo Landing during his death scene: "Bury me in the ocean with my ancestors who jumped from ships, 'cause they knew death was better than bondage."[20][21]
^ a b c "Preserving African American Heritage on St. Simons Island" (PDF). Reflections: A Program of the Historic Preservation Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources VolII Number 4 September 2002. Georgia African American Historic Preservation Network. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
^ a b c Maduforo, Okey (10 July 2012). "Freeing the souls of Igbo Landing victims". Daily Independent. Nigeria. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012.
^ Filan, Kenaz (2010). The Haitian Vodou Handbook: Protocols for Riding with the Lwa. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 167. ISBN 9781594779954.
^ a b c d Powell, Timothy B. (15 June 2004). "Ebos Landing". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 2021-08-26. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
^ a b c Berlin, Jacqueline (18 August 2003). "Researcher has new version of legend". St. Simons African American Heritage Coalition. The Brunswick News. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
^ a b Glynn County, Georgia. "History and Lore: Ebo Landing". Retrieved 27 April 2013.
^ a b c d Ciucevich, Robert (July 2009). "Glynn County Historic Resources Survey Report" (PDF). Glynncounty Georgia. The Glynn County Board of Commissioners. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
^ a b c d Snyder, T. L. (1 June 2010). "Suicide, Slavery, and Memory in North America". Journal of American History. 97 (1): 39–62. doi:10.2307/jahist/97.1.39.
^ Chase, Henry (1 August 1994). "Sighs of Pleasure". American Visions. [dead link]
^ a b c Watts, Linda S. (2006). Encyclopedia of American Folklore. Infobase Publishing. p. 211. ISBN 9781438129792.
^ a b Wilentz, Gay (1989). "If You Surrender to the Air: Folk Legends of Flight and Resistance in African American Literature". The Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States (MELUS). 16 (1): 21–32. JSTOR 467579.
^ a b "Slave legend draws people for two-day remembrance in coastal Georgia". Savannah Morning News. 2 September 2002. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
^ a b Project, Georgia Writers' (2010). Drums and shadows : survival studies among the Georgia coastal Negroes. Los Angeles: Indo-European Publishing. ISBN 978-1604443240.
^ a b McDaniel, Lorna (1 January 1990). "The flying Africans: extent and strength of the myth in the Americas". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids. 64 (1–2): 28–40. doi:10.1163/13822373-90002024.
^ Royer, Bob (20 May 2012). "Barrier Islands of Georgia". The Cascadia Courier.
^ Dewulf, Jeroen (December 2021). "Flying Back to Africa or Flying to Heaven? Competing Visions of Afterlife in the Lowcountry and Caribbean Slave Societies". Religion and American Culture:A Journal of Interpretation. 31 (2): 222–261. CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ Buxton, Geordie (2007). Haunted Plantations: Ghosts of Slavery and Legends of the Cotton Kingdoms, Arcadia Publishing, p. 63. ISBN 9781439614129.
^ a b The Associated Press, "Slave legend draws people for two-day remembrance in coastal Georgia", 2 September 2002, posted at St. Simon Island Heritage Coalition website, accessed 27 April 2016
^ Owunna, Mikael, "Beyoncé's Love Drought Video, Slavery and the Story of Igbo Landing"
^ Vasta, Sameer (2018-03-08). "Bury me in the ocean, with my ancestors that jumped from the ships, because they knew death was…". Medium. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
^ "Coard: Anniversary of historic, courageous 'Igbo Landing'".
The Legacy of Ibo Landing: Gullah Roots of African American Culture, Marquetta L. Goodwine, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (October 9, 2002) ISBN 978-0932863256
Black Folktales, Julius Lester, Grove Press; 1st Evergreen edition (January 10, 1994) ISBN 978-0802132420.
The People Could Fly: American Black Folktales, Virginia Hamilton (Author), Leo Dillon (Illustrator), Diane Dillon Ph.D. (Illustrator), Knopf Books for Young Readers; Reprint edition (January 4, 1993), ISBN 978-0679843368.
St. Simons African American Heritage Coalition: News Articles on Igbo Landing.
"Ibo Landing". The Moonlit Road.
Igbo topics
(chronological order)
Lejja
Kingdom of Nri
Aro Confederacy
Ekumeku Movement
Anglo-Aro War
Women's War
Eastern Nigeria
1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
Nigerian-Biafran War
Anioma
Ekpeye
Etche
Ikwerre
Mbaise
Mgbo
Ngwa
Ogba
Ohafia
Ohuhu
Ukwuani
Waawa
Anti-Igbo sentiment
MASSOB
Ohanaeze Ndigbo
Rulers of Nri
(Igboland)
Ahaba
Énugwú
Ọnịcha Mmili
Owèrrè
Ugwu Ọcha
Nnewi
Awka-Etiti
Abakaliki
Umuahia
Igbo people
United States (Dallas–Fort Worth)
Ikeji festival
Igbo rap
Odumodu
Ogene
New Yam Festival
Ofala Festival
Odinani (religion)
Igboid
Names - SPILC
Delta Igbo
Enuani Igbo
Ika Igbo
Igbo Wikipedia
Gullah people topics
Conrack (1974)
A House Divided: Denmark Vesey's Rebellion (1982)
A Soldier's Story (1984)
Daughters of the Dust (1991)
Gullah Gullah Island (1994–1998)
Bruh Rabbit and the Tar Baby Girl
Vibration Cooking
Gullah language
Religion and folklore
Afro-American religion
Black church
Boo Hag
Goofer dust
Haint blue
Hot foot powder
Julia Jackson
John the Conqueror
Rabbit's foot
Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses
Ring shout
Music and culture
Charleston red rice
Gullah/Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor
Michael Row the Boat Ashore
Ranky Tanky
Robot Hive/Exodus
Related culture
Culture of Africa
History topics
Bilali Document
Port Royal Experiment
Stono Rebellion
Eulonia, Georgia
Golden Isles of Georgia
Sapelo Island (protected site)
Hog Hammock
South Carolina Lowcountry
Related history
Timeline of African-American history
History of Benin
History of Congo
History of Ghana
History of Guinea-Bissau
History of Liberia
History of Nigeria
Sahel / Senegambia
History of Senegal
History of the Gambia
History of Sierra Leone
Bunce Island
Slavery in the United States
Kissi
Temne
Laalaa
Niominka
Palor
Saafi
Toucouleur
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Landing
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When we look back to the beginnings of The Beeswax Co., only a burning curiosity could have led us here. We're filled with this great feeling of discovery every time a new batch of beeswax comes in. We play a guessing game among ourselves: What plants have the bees been pollinating? What color will it be–a deep brown, a lemon yellow? Where in Texas did it come from? There are so many facets to beeswax candles that keep us asking questions. People ask us, what's the best part of making beeswax candles? Undoubtedly, it's the way that pouring candles keeps our five senses alive. When we pour, we see the molten wax flow, we smell the rich honey scent, we feel the heat of the wax, and we hear the bubbling of melting wax. When we're really lucky, our suppliers will send us honey from the hives that produced the beeswax. Then we get to "taste" the beeswax, too.
The folks at CreativeMornings share our love for new discoveries, so we were thrilled when they asked us to host a creative field trip this month. CreativeMornings is a monthly lecture series that spans across 179 cities around the world. Completely free, this series seeks to inspire the creative community through monthly themes. Can you guess this month's theme? It's curiosity! Have you ever been curious about the candle making process? Have you ever wanted to try pouring for yourself? This month, thanks to CreativeMornings, dozens of Austinites followed their curiosity and took a field trip with us to The Refinery, a beautiful co-working space geared toward creatives. Thanks to the great enthusiasm of these ladies, we spent a lovely morning pouring heart-shaped candles. As a special treat, our patrons got to sample some honey from Tallow Tree.
If you missed the field trip and are ready to jump into your own creative project, check out some of these quirky DIY ideas to brighten up your February.
Beeswax Soap: Mother Earth Living has a great recipe for honey and beeswax soap. Try a variety of silicon molds to create different shapes. Hearts, animals, plants, the sky's the limit.
Play-Doh Valentines: This is an a-doh-able DIY project that's perfect for the kids. C.R.A.F.T.'s creative tutorial will teach you how to make customizable Play-Doh sets to give out as Valentines!
Needlefelted Gnomes: These fluffy little guardians will add a bit of magic to your home. Fiona Duthie's love gnomes would be the cutest Valentine's gifts.
Lip Balm: This is our homemade recipe. Put your beeswax scraps to good use while creating your very own kissable gifts.
For DIY ideas that include more beeswax than you have on hand, don't forget to order your bulk beeswax from us (just click here). And if your creative energy was inspired by us or the bees, please share your creations with us on Facebook (@BeeswaxCo) and Instagram (@thebeeswaxcompany)! To find out about upcoming CreativeMornings field trips, you can check out their website (click here).


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Pere Serra o Pedro Serra fue un pintor de la Corona de Aragón de estilo italo-gótico, que estuvo activo en Cataluña entre 1357 y 1406.

Biografía
Provenía de una familia de pintores activos en Cataluña en el siglo XIV. También lo fueron sus hermanos Jaume, Francesc y Joan. Cultivaron los hermanos Serra el estilo italo-gótico, de influencia en especial sienesa, como era por otro lado típico del siglo XIV catalán. Realizan figuras menudas, estilizadas, de ojos rasgados y boca pequeña.

De los cuatro hermanos, Pere Serra es el más dotado y quien tuvo una más larga carrera. Ingresó en el taller de Ramón Destorrents en 1357. Se interesó más por el colorido que por los conceptos espaciales. Desarrolló trabajo de taller, según se evidencia en la reiteración de los mismos modelos pictóricos.

Obras destacadas

A Pere Serra se le atribuye:
 Retablo del Espíritu Santo o de Pentecostés, para la Colegiata Basílica de Santa María de la Seo de Manresa, hacia 1394. Es considerada su obra maestra, de gran riqueza iconográfica. La tabla central del banco es de Luis Borrassá (1411).
 Retablo de Todos los Santos, en el monasterio de Sant Cugat, 1375.
 Virgen de los Ángeles y predela, tablas procedentes de la catedral de Tortosa, hoy en el Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña. Sigue el modelo de la Madonna angelicata.
 Anunciación, en la Pinacoteca de Brera, Milán.
 Retablo de Santa Eulalia y Santa Clara, en el Museo de la Catedral de Segorbe (Castellón).

Colaboró con sus hermanos en la realización del retablo del monasterio de Sigena (Huesca), hoy en el Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña en Barcelona.

Referencias
 Azcárate Ristori, J. M.ª de, "Pintura gótica del siglo XV", en Historia del arte, Anaya, Madrid, 1986. ISBN 84-207-1408-9
 Monreal, L., Grandes Museos, vol. 1 y 3, Editorial Planeta, 1975. ISBN 84-320-0460-X (colección completa)

Enlaces externos

 "La evolución italianizante" en el Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña, con el retablo de Sigena

Pintores de España del siglo XIV
Pintores de Cataluña
Pintores de España del gótico


text:
Ben Denzer, 2011–present
C'mon!
— Jimmy Fallon, "Jimmy Fallon Blew a Chance to Date Nicole Kidman," The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon
While the "corporate style" was expanding into all areas, so was the company physically.
— Susan Black, The First Fifty Years 1926-1976
Because the corporate concept admits of contradiction and difference while still remaining operative in the world, it is not only a cultural problem but also potentially the very solution to that problem.
— John Harwood, "The Corporation As Concept," Art in America
The autonomous artwork, ultimately a religious ideal, is a beautiful modern contrivance. Architecture is perhaps best thought of as pre-modern art.
— Chris Wood, "Why Autonomy," Perspecta 32: Mining Autonomy
The language of vision, like any other language, can be lied in. As many frauds have been perpetrated in Bodoni as by Barnum.
— James Real, "Image or Façade?," in Reyner Banham, The Aspen Papers: Twenty Years of Design Theory from the International Design Conference in Aspen
The fact I can see it as an excuse for the next few weeks of a sudden it was the best of the day before I get a follow back on my way home from work to be the first half of the day before I get a follow back on my way home from work to be the first half of the year and the first half of the year and the first half of the day I have a great way of the year of high quality of life and the other hand is the only thing that would have to go back and the other hand is the only thing that would have to go back and the first half of the day I have a great way of the year of high quality of life and then you have a good time with the first half of the year of high quality and I don't think that I can see.
— Thomas' iPhone's middle QuickType button
I love corporate Tuesdays.
— David White in MOMA
Cattle like curves. They don't moo at curves.
— Temple Grandin, Temple Grandin
Our God is none other than the masses of the Chinese people.
— Mao Tsetung, Five Articles By Chairman Mao Tsetung
Hold onto your butts.
— Ray Arnold, Jurassic Park
The other coat!
— Over eager New Theatre audience member
I need some wooden hangers.
— Jazzy Dee, Top Five
You don't have to pop for directions!
— Kathleen, *You don't have to pay for decorations!*
For once having discovered that he was recognized as a crab, he made desperate efforts to escape.
— Gerald Durrell, Birds, Beasts and Relatives
Maybe I'm a narcoleptic but just with good timing.
Margo, convinced that the sunshine would do for her acne what all the pills and potions of the medical profession had so far failed to do, sun-bathed with strenuous earnestness in the olive groves and in consequence got herself badly burnt.
Reached by phone, a brand manager found nothing problematic about the omission. "So she's blind and deaf — her personal shortcomings are not related to the spirit of our brand," said the woman, who gave only her surname, Jiang. "These products help you love and protect your eyes. Why would that be offensive?"
— Dan Levin, "Adidos and Hotwind? In China, Brands Adopt Names to Project Foreign Flair," The New York Times
There is no solution because there is nothing to solve.
— E. O. Wilson, The Meaning of Human Existence
The Past, Present and Future walked into a bar… It was tense.
— Lily's shirt
I'm sayin' all this stuff and I don't hear clack clack clack.


text:
Home News Human Rights Iranian Resistance: Massacre in Aleppo is one of the worst war crimes...
Iranian Resistance: Massacre in Aleppo is one of the worst war crimes of the century
In a statement, the Iranian Resistance has strongly condemned the atrocities taking place in Syria. The statement (which can be read in full on the National Council of Resistance of Iran's, NCRI, website) condemns the international inaction in relation to the catastrophe in Aleppo. They say that this inaction has jeopardised peace, not only in the region, but in the rest of the world too.
"The Iranian Resistance strongly condemns the ruthless bombings of Aleppo, the massacre of children, especially the bombardment of hospitals and the killing of patients and the wounded, as well as the inhuman siege of the city. The NCRI calls on the world community to take urgent action to stop these bombardments and put an end to the criminal siege of Aleppo, which are widely perpetrated by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) and their proxies."
The relentless bombing of residential areas which is burying children alive and "premeditated attacks" on civil defence centres and hospitals is creating the 21st version of the Holocaust, the statement said. They called on the perpetrators to be brought to justice.
"The appalling silence and inaction on this barbarism has deeply hurt the conscience of the temporary humanity and gravely jeopardized peace and tranquillity in the region and the world."
The Resistance expressed its admiration of the "heroic and innocent" people of Syria. They said that their endurance "in this unequal war is a great and unforgettable pride for humanity". The Resistance is optimistic that the Assad regime will be overthrown and the Iranian regime's IRGC, their agents and their allies will be defeated. "The Syrian dictatorship is doomed to fall."


text:
/*
 *      $Id$
 */
/************************************************************************
*									*
*			     Copyright (C)  2002			*
*				Internet2				*
*			     All Rights Reserved			*
*									*
************************************************************************/
/*
 *	File:		ErrLogImmediate.c
 *
 *	Author:		Jeff Boote
 *			Internet2
 *
 *	Date:		Tue Apr 23 10:27:23  2002
 *
 *	Description:	This file defines an "immediate-mode" logging
 *			function to be used as the `log_func' argument
 *			to the I2OpenErr() function.
 *
 *			Modified from code writen by John Clyne at UCAR...
 *
 *
 *		Based on code from UCAR DCS tools. Copyright information
 *		from UCAR follows:
 *
 *      Copyright 2012, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.
 *
 *      This software may be used, subject to the terms of OSI's BSD-2 Clause
 *      License located at  http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php/
 */
#include <I2util/utilP.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

/*
 * Function:	I2ErrLogImmediate()
 *
 * Description:	The I2ErrLogImmediate() function is a client logging function
 *		that may be passed to I2OpenErr() as the `log_func' argument.
 *
 *		Upon invocation, I2ErrLogImmediate() writes a logging message
 *		via a call to fprintf(). The behavior of I2ErrLogImmediate()
 *		may be controlled by the structure pointed to by `arg'. The
 *		members of the structure pointed to by `arg' that may be
 *		set include:
 *
 *			*fp		A file pointer passed to be passed to
 *					fprintf()
 *
 *			line_info	A bit mask indicating how each output
 *					line should be formatted. The mask
 *					is a bitwise inclusive OR of the
 *					valid attribute bits. If line_info
 *					is zero nothing is printed.
 *
 *			tformat		A format string as defined by
 *					strftime used to format the local
 *					time if the `line_info' attribute
 *					I2RTIME is set.
 *
 *		Valid attribute mask bits include:
 *
 *			I2NAME
 *			I2FILE
 *			I2LINE
 *			I2DATE
 *			I2RTIME
 *			I2MSG
 *
 *		If I2NAME is set `ev->name', followed by a ":" is
 *		copied to `arg->fp'.
 *
 *		If I2FILE is set the string "FILE=", followed by
 *		`ev->file', followed by ",", followed by a space is copied
 *		to `arg->fp'.
 *
 *		If I2LINE is set the string "LINE=", followed by the ascii
 *		representation of `ev->line', followed by ",", followed by
 *		a space is copied to `arg->fp'.
 *
 *		If I2DATE is set the string "DATE=", followed by
 *		`ev->date', followed by ",", followed by a space is copied
 *		to `arg->fp'.
 *
 *		If I2RTIME is set the string "RTIME=", followed by
 *		`time', followed by ",", followed by a space is copied
 *		to `arg->fp', where `time' is string formatted by
 *		arg->tformat.
 *
 *		If I2MSG is set `ev->msg' is copied to `arg->fp.
 *
 *		Finally, a trailing newline is copied to `arg->fp'
 *
 *
 * In Args:
 *
 *	*arg	A pointer to a I2LogImmediateAttr structure.
 *
 * Out Args:
 *
 * Return Values:
 *
 * Side Effects:
 */
void	I2ErrLogImmediate(
	struct I2ErrLogEvent	*ev,
	void			*arg,
	void			**data	__attribute__((unused))
        )
{
    I2LogImmediateAttr	*la = (I2LogImmediateAttr *) arg;
    FILE			*fp = la->fp;

    if(! fp) return;

    if(ev->mask & la->line_info & I2NAME)
        fprintf(fp, "%s: ", ev->name);
    if(ev->mask & la->line_info & I2FILE)
        fprintf(fp, "FILE=%s, ", ev->file);
    if(ev->mask & la->line_info & I2LINE)
        fprintf(fp, "LINE=%d, ", ev->line);
    if(ev->mask & la->line_info & I2DATE)
        fprintf(fp, "DATE=%s, ", ev->date);

    if(la->line_info & I2RTIME){
        time_t		curr;
        struct tm	*tm;
        char		ftime[64];

        time(&curr);
        tm = localtime(&curr);
        if( strftime(ftime,sizeof(ftime),la->tformat,tm))
            fprintf(fp, "RTIME=%s, ", ftime);
    }

    if(ev->mask & la->line_info & I2MSG)
        fprintf(fp, "%s", ev->msg);

    if(la->line_info && !(la->line_info & I2NONL))
        fprintf(fp, "\n");

    fflush(fp);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
EXCLUSIVE: Interview with Eloah Jones
Katrina Rees January 4, 2017, 7:12 pm
Eloah Jones is a 17-year-old singer-songwriter from Texas, who has been singing and acting since the age of 11. Late last year, she released her first original single, 'Soldier', showcasing her powerful vocal and songwriting talent to the world.
We recently spoke to Eloah about 'Soldier', her songwriting process, growing up in Texas, and what the future has in store for her. Check out the interview below.
Hi Eloah, thank you for speaking to CelebMix today! First off, how would you describe your sound in three words?
Thank you so much for having me! I would describe my sound as powerful, passionate, and captivating.
Congrats on releasing your debut single 'Soldier' at the end of last year, we love it! Can you tell us about the inspiration behind it?
Wow, thank you so much! The inspiration behind 'Soldier' is really just to keep fighting. This past year I went through a lot of adversity and almost gave up, but I hung in there and never gave up and I'm in so much of a happier place. Writing 'Soldier' really helped me heal, and I hope it is helping other people as well!
You wrote the song yourself – can you talk us through your songwriting process?
I have a journal that my parents got me and anytime I think of lyrics I jot them down! Then when I get a melody line going I look back on my lyrics and put them all together!
Having released a lyric video for 'Soldier', will there be an official music video? If so, do you have any ideas on what the concept will be?
Right now there is not an official music video in the works but with my awesome PR and production teams that could change at any time! I would love to work on a music video and maybe bring in my acting experience!
You name Selena Gomez, Lana Del Rey and Banks as your influences. What is it about them that influences you?
They influence me because they are themselves. They are all very humble artists, and their music tells a story and that's the kind of artist I aspire to be.
You come from Texas – how did growing up there influence you musically?
Growing up in Texas influenced me in many ways. One way is that many well-known artists came from here. Such as George Straight, Selena Gomez, Hillary Duff, Austin Mahone, Nick Jonas, to name a few. Another way it's influenced me is people in Texas are just so friendly. I have so many friends and family from all over Texas encouraging me and sending positive vibes my way. Texas will always be my home!
You've been singing and acting since the age of 11. When did you decide that it was something you wanted to do professionally?
As I grew older my love for acting and singing grew tremendously. I see artists on TV, and I think to myself "I know I can do that". So as I grew older I pushed myself harder and harder, I basically realized it's what I really want. And when I want something, I go and get it!
As both a singer and an actress, do you have a preference or do they both go hand in hand for you?
I love them both so much! Although I think I enjoy music more at the moment, they both are so fun and make me externally happy!
What would be your ultimate achievement as an artist?
My ultimate achievement would probably be to make a full career out of music! It has always been my dream job. I want to be able to wake up in the morning excited to work. Music is my escape and I want to be able to do it for the rest of my life.
What does 2017 have in store for Eloah Jones?
Definitely new music, and hopefully some live shows! I think 2017 will be a very productive and great year for me!
Thank you to Eloah for her time! Keep up to date with her on Facebook and Twitter.
'Soldier' is available to download and stream now.
Are you loving Eloah Jones and 'Soldier'? Let us know on Twitter @CelebMix
Written by Katrina Rees
I'm Katrina, or Kat to pretty much everyone. I'm an editor for CelebMix, a content writer, a boyband lover and an all round music fanatic.
Twitter: @lifeofkatrina
Email: katrinanaomirees@gmail.com
Josh Groban Announces New Album 'Harmony'
Olivia Lunny Spellbinds on "Something New"
ITV Announces Line-Up For Celebrity Karaoke Club For ITV2 Including Stars Of Love Island, The X Factor And RuPaul's Drag Race
Teenage Cancer Trust Reveals Two Further Headline Acts for 2020 Gigs
Dan Whiston on Dancing on Ice's contestants, songs and more
The BRIT Awards announces a revamp for 40th show


Spring hasn't sprung quite yet, but if you have a big spring break vacation planned, then you may be worried about showing off your body in a bikini. Even though Dr. Stockton may not be able to force you to go to the gym every day to get bikini ready, she can help you get rid of your unwanted hair with laser hair removal.
Laser hair removal is a non invasive procedure that works to target and destroy hair follicles across the skin. Whether you have unwanted hair on your arms, legs, stomach, bikini line, or face, we can use laser hair removal to help you get a hair-free body before springtime.
How Many Sessions Will I Have to Get?
During your initial consultation appointment with Dr. Stockton, she will be able to give you a better idea of just how many treatment sessions you may have to get. On average, patients have to get multiple treatments done. Why? Your hair grows in different cycles. So, we may be able to get all of your hair in one cycle but we may have to target other hair in another cycle.
Typically, we will apply some sort of numbing ointment over your skin to help you feel as comfortable as possible. Most patients say that it feels like rubber bands are snapping their skin over and over again. If you are experiencing a lot of pain or discomfort, let Dr. Stockton know and we can take a break.
After your first treatment, you should notice less hair in certain areas. However it won't all be gone. So as previously mentioned, your hair grows in cycles so we will only be able to target one growth cycle per session.
Don't wait until spring to get rid of your hair, get started today so that you can enjoy your results in spring. To learn more, contact our Phoenix office today and give us a call at (480) 610-6366.


text:
HART Major & Minor Requirements
ARCH Major & Minor Requirements
Major & Minor Declaration
HART Immersion Opportunities
Internships and Professional Opportunities
Prizes & Student Support
After Vanderbilt
Goldberg Lecture
HART Blog Posts
HART Blog Posts Archive
Visual Resources Center
History of Art Library Resources
Fine Arts Gallery
History of Art and Architecture
Vanderbilt's Department of History of Art and Architecture has been fortunate to enjoy the support of many generous and dedicated alumni and friends. Several of these benefactors have established prizes or funds for student support within the department.
Frances and John Downing Undergraduate Research Travel Award
The Downing Undergraduate Travel Award was established in 2002 by an alumna of the department and her family. This competitive award supports travel to museums, galleries, and other sites, offering history of art and architecture majors in their junior and senior years an opportunity to learn research skills and to visit potential future places of employment. Please note that the Downing Travel Award is suspended through Fall 2020 and will be revisited for Spring 2021 depending on the viability of travel due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Cooley Award was originally established in 1920 at the George Peabody College for Teachers as an endowed medal fund. Reinaugurated in 1996, it is presented each spring to the graduating senior majoring in the History of Art or Architecture with the highest grade point average in the History of Art or Architecture.
Professor Leonard Folgarait will moderate Q&A with Michael Alec Rose and Ali Smith
Professor Rebecca VanDiver's New Book: Designing a New Tradition
Professor Kevin Murphy's New Book: The Cathedral of Notre-Dame of Paris
Engine for Art, Democracy, and Justice
Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery
Online Lecture By
Professor Rebecca VanDiver
Professor Tracy Miller's Zoom Lecture on Creativity, Geometry, and Generative Design
Professor Vivien Fryd's article in Arts (MDPI) Special Issue
Department of History of Art and Architecture Graduation Celebration
Past Lecture: Michael Yonan: Stories in Porcelain: Matter, Narrative, and the Figural Ideal
Past Lecture: Jordana Moore Saggese: On the Ropes: Boxing and Black Sexuality in American Art
Professor Christopher Johns Receives Faculty Advisor Award in Humanities
Department of History of Art and Architecture, Vanderbilt University, Box 0274 GPC, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203
Phone (615) 322-2831 • Fax (615) 343-3786


if there are still spots open and people are not taking the opportunity to learn some lightroom, shoot me a text on my cell phone before 5pm with your address/the time we are starting and i will come, as i need to let my mom know before the dinner that i am going home late and skip the dinner, otherwise i will get pwned -_-"
Do you have Skype? Or MSN?
I have a direct view of your condo and your apartment. I am looking at you right now in fact. I can see the monitor and actions you do in Lightroom, only I can't hear you. Well, I can hear you if there's no ambulance/fire trucks nearby, but I want to hear everything. Let me know if you have MSN so that I can also hear you, not just see you.
Oh, and nice towels you have there in bathroom. Did you get them from Costco?
That's some creepy **** right there. Hope you don't look in when my girlfriend is in town. I have skype. Will PM you. Totally weirded out.
You actually PMed me your Skype, lol.
Dude it was a joke, i don't even know where you live.
I thought it was obvious after the towel from Costco comment.
Holy crap that was hysterical!!! We were all rolling!
Anyway, I thought it was weird because my towels and the screen were on the complete opposite sides of the condo. Also, there's no condo within looking distance, so you would have had to have the 400mm on a crop to get that sort of detail.
Tonight was such an awesome learning experience.
Thank you for pulling this together for us!
Yohan, Kenny, Sai and Blair, it was a pleasure to meet you guys.
Thanks for hosting the session tonight Neil.
Pleasure guys, good times for sure. Please send over your Facebook fan pages so I can add you.
Mine is here: http://www.facebook.com/iambidong. We definitely need to stay in touch and just go out and shoot.
Hey lulz, you wouldn't happen to have a backpack with "LULZ" sewed/stickered on it, would you?
I appreciate the help with my dumb questions.
I have my work cut out for me to go through my photos. The presets will really help.


My name is Shona. I have AS for 14 years now but was only diagnosed four years ago after ten years of unexplained excrutiating joint pain, erythema nodosum and endless doctors visits and hospitalisation. I became very ill in 2008 and experienced excruciating pain in every joint in my body and was left unable to do anything for myself. However, I was finally sent to the right rheumy and he was immediately able to diagnose me with AS by doing an MRI scan. I was taking copious amounts of steroids, NSAIDs and sulfasalazine none of which helped. As soon as I was diagnosed I was put on humira which has changed my life, while I still experience pain, mainly in my upper spine and alot of fatigue, I can live a normal life and have managed to travel the world…with my humira drugs in tow.
I never allow my illness to take control of my life and refuse to allow it to prevent me from doing all the things I want to in life. Sometimes, it takes all your energy just to keep going but the alternative is more grim.
Whenever my AS gets on top of me I think of a quote i stole from another ASer…"I cannot defeat you but I will not let you win". It gets me through!!
Thank you so much for sharing your story with us! I love the quote! Never let it win!


Whether to take your (top team) leadership from good to great, advance your career, be an exceptional CEO, optimize team performance, it is essential to make wise investments and pursue your goal with speed and results. Unlike other institutions, we leave no stone unturned when searching for your root causes and "missing software," whether it is IQ, EQ, learning (LQ), health (HQ), resilience (AQ), Public influence (PQ), or the changes in business and society. Furthermore, we will make your learning and implementation as easy as possible so that you can see results (rewards) quickly and stay motivated to achieve your goal.
If you are on the right track with the right tools (career assessment is included).
The gap to meet the new challenge (s), including potential issues, solutions, and costs.
The best plan, strategy, follow-up program(s) if applicable.
How to make learning and implementation easy and fast.
How to stay healthy and maintain optimal performance.
This program includes the Executive 6Q Assessment and a follow-up personal consultation. The advice can be strategies, professional and personal management, or any combination. No need to repeat the assessment within 2 years in the absence of significant events. Custom programs include the diagnosis, or payment will be credited to custom program.
Analyze team components and optimize member productivity, innovation, collaboration, and synergy.
Prevents conflicts and takes charge of human capital costs.
Plan succession, promotion and others.
Design a multi-tasking talent management system to achieve the above.
Please visit "How We Help Clients" for case studies and other details.
By registering for the assessment, you understand this evaluation belongs to The Prince Synergy. You agree not to directly or indirectly decompile, disassemble, distribute the contents of this evaluation, or attempt to export the assessment to any other party unless expressly authorized by The Prince Synergy.


text:
Preventing and Treating the Invisible Wounds of War: Combat Trauma and Psychological Injury
The financial toll of PTSD alone
on U.S. economy is estimated to range in the billions of dollars, however it fails to account for the full societal and moral impact of mental health-related combat injuries. Those suffering from such injuries often have difficulty finding
gainful employment, are prone to violent outbursts and substance abuse, and exhibit suicidal tendencies. Further, psychological harm related to the conduct of hostilities impacts civilians, particularly women and children, increasing the
collateral costs of war. Taking these and other consequences of combat trauma into account within traditional Just War Theory presents significant challenges. Should mental health costs to service members and civilians in areas of conflict be
included in the calculations of governments contemplating whether to engage in an armed conflict? Should battlefield commanders assess potential mental harms to civilians as part of the proportionality analysis of "collateral damage" conducted
prior to each military engagement? Additionally, when a service member witnesses or commits a transgression from deeply held moral beliefs and expectations, he or she may suffer from what has been termed "moral injury." Should moral injury be
recognized as a mental health concern that is distinct from PTSD? Are soldiers particularly vulnerable to moral injury while confronting non-state actors embedded in civilian population?
Further questions arise in considering possible measures to prevent and treat combat trauma. Inoculating soldiers to the horrors of warfare through pre-deployment battlefield simulations or pharmacological intervention may reduce the
likelihood of trauma. Such programs, however, have been criticized as desensitizing soldiers to moral indignation and reducing their capacity for sound moral decision making in combat. Similarly, PTSD treatment in the proximity of the
battlefield facilitates expedient return to active duty, but may also decrease the potential of full long-term recovery. How should these aspects of prevention and treatment protocols be considered, and weighed? Finally, there are important legal
and ethical questions relating to criminal and civil liability of service members suffering from mental harms. For instance, should war inflicted mental harms be taken into account in criminal trials, and to what extent? This conference will
bring together policymakers and high-level experts from the military, academia, and the mental health community, to engage in a multifaceted conversation on the legal, moral and practical dimensions of these dilemmas.
Share Preventing and Treating the Invisible Wounds of War: Combat Trauma and Psychological Injury on:


Receiving music therapy in an individual session with our music therapist can occur in a facility, school, private home, or clinic space. Our first session will be an exploration of making music together, discussing your hopes for music therapy, and if music therapy may be beneficial for the client, creating an initial framework for working together. Subsequent sessions will be based on the treatment plan that is agreed upon together. We check-in regularly to ensure the goals for therapy remain appropriate and progress is being made. Goals are updated periodically or as needed.
In group music therapy, the music becomes a primary focal point for interacting and responding in the moment. We practice developing social skills and self expression opportunities, offer encouragement to others, and celebrate our successes in making music together. An individual's goals can be addressed within the context of the group, as each group member can be encouraged to participate in a way to addresses such goals. Insight, self-awareness, and developing coping skills are regular goals for group music therapy, and these can be applied to a variety of clinical populations who share something in common.


text:
Michelin's Strategic Partnership with Indigenous People
In June 2004, Jim Morrison, Human Resources Manager of Michelin's Bridgewater Plant, was reflecting on the Aboriginal Workforce Participation Initiative (AWPI) Partnership Agreement that the company signed the previous November. He had a nagging feeling that there was little progress in increasing the representation of Aboriginal peoples at Michelin, and wondered why it was so difficult to get results. At the same time, he wondered about the Advisory Council that was one of the key aspects of the agreed partnership process. Was it really necessary? Wouldn't it be easier and more effective for the company to work directly with the partner organisations, rather than set up this council? How would it work – and what would be its added-value?
Authors: Pamela Sloan, David Oliver
Institution: HEC Montreal, Canada
Place 1st Place
Key Words Michelin, Aboriginal Workforce, Partnerships
Permission Rights This case was published in: Sloan, Pamela & David Oliver (2009) Michelin's Strategic Partnership with Indigenous Peoples (A) The Basis for Partnership, International Journal of Case Studies in Management, 7(2), 1-12.
Download Inspection Copy


Made with 5/0 Mustad 91768 Hooks with snap on screw lock. Attach your Tuffbait SwimBaits and start catching more fish!
Package of 5 Weighted SwimBait Hooks. 1/8oz & 3/16oz available! Opti-Angle Needle Point, chemically sharpened, Nor-Tempered, includes bait holder.
The ultimate weighted Swimbait hook!


text:
Who Is Stealing Halo 4?
Evan Narcisse
Filed to: HaloFiled to: Halo
Halo4top
Halo 4 doesn't come out until November 6th. Millions of people are eagerly awaiting the highly anticipated next chapter in the Master Chief saga, poring over every bit of info released about the game. But some others aren't waiting at all. They're already playing and selling Halo 4.
As of this week, half a dozen people in different cities across the United States were trying to unload their Xbox 360s on Craigslist for extra cash. That's not such a rare occurrence, right? What is special about these consoles, however, is the fact that they all have Halo 4 loaded up and ready to play, weeks before Microsoft's biggest video game release is set to hit retail shelves everywhere.
Every year brings with it massively hyped games that drop with million-dollar impacts. And, like clockwork, the theft and surreptitious distribution of one or more of these games precedes its actual release. Chances are, if you can name a super-successful game from the last few years, players got their hands on it before they were supposed to:
A modded Xbox 360 and pirated game discs from a Craigslist ad for Halo 4
So far this year, Resident Evil 6 found its way into the hands of players before it was supposed to. And now Halo 4 joins Capcom's action/horror release in the ranks of leaked AAA games. It's become an unwelcome tradition that has companies scrambling to do damage control and fans complaining about spoilers and an uneven playing field. Kotaku reached out to Activision for insight on how the company dealt with previous years' leaks of Call of Duty titles. The publisher declined to comment.
It Looks Like People In Poland Are Playing Resident Evil 6 Very, Very Early
It's August 31, not October 2, but somehow, some way, gamers in Poland have gotten their hands …
Stephen Toulouse used to be on the frontlines of the fight against piracy. As Director of Xbox Live Policy and Enforcement, he was Microsoft's man in charge of policing their game console's online service for bad behavior. In this role, Toulouse interfaced with the Xbox Live community, which meant helping track down and mete out justice to those who illegally accessed games ahead of time. I reached out to Toulouse over e-mail to get his insights about how big leaks happen with such regularity. "Leaks happen in a variety of ways, starting usually with a single person or tiny group of people," he answered. "It involves getting a physical copy of the game. It's important to note a lot of people have access to a game once it goes gold. Reporters, testers, partners, people who replicate the discs, then warehouses and retailers. The larger the number of people with access, the higher the probability that someone will get a hold of a copy before the street date and rip it."
Once ripped, the game data inevitably finds its way to the web's file-sharing sites, where owners of specially modified Xbox 360s pull down the files and run them through specific programs to verify and burn them onto DVDs. Detailed instructions for subverting the Xbox 360's copyright protection mechanisms can be found in YouTube videos, message-board forums and IRC chats. "The holy grail for pirates is getting to where they have the ability to create a copy of a game that one can run on a completely unmodified fresh out-of-the-box console," Toulouse told me. "That's a state that's getting harder and harder to get to with modern game devices".
Constantly shifting counter-measures mean that theft, leaks and piracy only benefit a sliver of the game-playing population. While the patient zero that steals a game from its release pipeline can sell it for a ridiculous mark-up, the ones downloading it often grab it just because they can. Thieves do get caught, though. The most infamous example might be where Valve attempted to lure the person who took the source code from Half-Life 2 off of their internal network with a job offer.
As of now, no one knows who stole that initial physical copy of Halo 4 where the game data was ripped from. But Kotaku has been in contact with some gamers who have pirated the game.
After seeing the Craiglist posts advertising consoles for sale with Halo 4, I contacted some of the sellers to find out what drove them to pirate the 343 Industries-developed game. I wasn't expecting any answers. After all, this secretive cohort of gamers know enough to keep their consoles offline when playing their ill-gotten adventures. Microsoft has loudly declared that anyone caught pirating an early copy of Halo 4 would be banned from Xbox Live for life. Surely, they wouldn't talk about the hows and whys of their too-early Halo 4 ownership. But, my request for info apparently made the rounds in the "modding scene" as one respondent called it.
Play Halo 4 Early, Get Banned From Xbox Live. Forever.
With Halo 4 not out until the first week of November, the fact people are playing it now—and…
The first person to reply made his acquisition of Halo 4 sound compulsive:
you ask me why i got the game early.... well when you have a modded xbox and the biggest game of the year is leaked out, what option do you have!
Another cited dissatisfaction with the series as a reason for pirating:
I decided to download the game because it's possibly the biggest game launch since Halo 2 and after the dismal effort from Bungie on Halo Reach, I'm tired of buying game's that turn out to be a real let down it's a waste of money and considering how greedy the gaming industry is becoming it felt like a feel slap in the face.
I wanted to try out this game before purchasing it, yes i will still purchase the actual game along with a lot of other gamers who downloaded it and wanted to test the product before buying.
The most conflicted correspondence came from a European downloader who goes by Lex:
There are several reasons but the top reason obviously is still people are just short on money and think "Hey, these developers make millions of dollars and they really dont need my 60 bucks". I have mixed feelings about this. I say its true on the big hitters like EA, Activision and Microsoft for example. If you look at the Call of Duty sales breaking every record in existance, while just copy and pasting the previous games (I'm not hating but if your honest to yourself you know its true), i have absolutely no shame in downloading it. No Effort = No money
This is also the second reason why people do that. Especially this gen developers show no real effort in making real good games anymore and that was even before all the piracy hit this gen really hard. Gamers just dont want to pay 60 bucks for an approximately 3-5 hour campaign game. Just think of what you could to with the money instead.
The biggest mistake in the way the developer studios are thinking is everybody that downloaded a game would have bought it if they weren't able to download it. This is just downright false and applies to only a small percentage of the people. Most people buy about 5-6 games a year and they do this even if they able to download it.
BUT there are smaller developer studios that make far better and innovative games and really deserve that money but for most people there is sadly no difference.
Most games get leaked about 3-7 days before the actual launch. The process of ripping and distributing a game is the same on most cases. Stores (especially small stores) get it early, break street dates, someone buys, rips and upload it. Yes, it's that simple. In case of Halo 4 all what's known is it got stolen from some mexican guy. Nobody knows how and where but what we know is no normal person on the world can have a legit copy right now and that's why Microsoft is raging and banning everything in touch with this game.
Kotaku has had access to the full game, under its final debug build, as early as October 11. Our video capture permissions were limited mainly to the multiplayer modes, but nothing of the single player campaign. Most importantly, all of our contact with the final build of the game has been in sessions held in controlled, closed environments. Participants never got to hold a Halo 4 disc in their hands.
Halo 4 downloader: Stores… get it early, break street dates, someone buys, rips and upload it. Yes, it's that simple.
The need to be out in front of everyone else is a prime motivator for lots of gamers. All too often, you'll get passed by someone more skilled. But, if you could cross the finish line before the starting gun ever sounded? Who could resist that?
"In many ways, people exhibiting that kind of excitement are a natural side effect of creating an amazing product like Halo," explained Toulouse. "At the end of the day the barriers to running pirated games on modern consoles is still high enough that the impact is blunted somewhat from a sales perspective, but you can't count on that being true which is why console manufacturers and game publishers are always making changes to keep that barrier up."
From a sheer numbers standpoint, there probably aren't enough modded consoles out in the wild to hamper Halo 4's chances at wild success. The company's only comment on the Halo 4 leak is as follows:
We are aware of isolated cases in which "Halo 4" content has been propped on the Web and are working closely with our security teams and law enforcement to address the situation immediately. Consumers should be aware that piracy is illegal and we take vigorous action against illegal activity related to our products and services. Playing pirated copies of games, such as "Halo 4," is a violation of the Xbox LIVE Terms of Use and will result in enforcement action, such as account and console bans."
Still, even after Microsoft's high-profile release gets into the hands of people who actually paid for it, the reality is that piracy seems like less of an anomaly and more like an inevitability. Or, as one person who got in touch with me said: "oh, and Black ops [II] shall leak soon.... trust us."
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text:
Vietnam Network Sharing Deal A Positive For Future Telco Collaborations
Fitch Solutions / Telecommunications / Vietnam / Mon 15 Jun, 2020
While a relatively new paradigm in Vietnam, we expect network sharing efforts to accelerate as the government seeks to streamline network deployments and slash capital spending.
The deal will be a boost for stated-owned GMobile, the smallest player in Vietnam, but sidelines privately-owned Vietnamobile.
There is still little space for private players in the market, although the purported 'equitisation' in late-2020 could open up more scope for private investments.
In June 2020, Vietnam's four state-owned mobile operators - Viettel, VNPT-Vinaphone, GMobile and MobiFone - agreed to share about 1,200 base transceiver stations (BTS). This follows on a deal struck in May between VNPT and MobiFone, which agreed to share infrastructure for 700 new BTSs.
Network sharing is still a relatively new paradigm in the Vietnam telecoms market; operators have largely pursued synchronous deployments of their networks, which has led to a significant duplication of infrastructure. The trend is especially pronounced in densely-populated urban areas, where the rapid construction of mobile masts has also led to safety and environmental concerns from the government. In November 2019, the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC) published Directive No. 52/CT-BTTTT, which among others, highlighted the need for fixed and mobile operators to coordinate network construction and develop plans to share infrastructure.
The sharing of BTSs will also allow operators to save on capital expenditures associated with new construction, which the MIC estimates to be roughly VND1.0bn (USD42,000) per BTS. In the 5G era, where networks require a significantly higher number of BTSs to operate effectively, network sharing can greatly reduce redundant investments, and allow operators to repurpose funds to develop services, which will be the key differentiator in 5G. Operators have previously touted a mid-2020 launch of 5G services, and the network sharing deal, which we believe will involve BTSs situated in major population centres, could boost launch prospects.
The deal will also prove to be greatly positive for GMobile, which currently only operates a 2G network. Despite receiving 4G spectrum and licences in 2016, it appears that the operator has not made any meaningful progress in deploying LTE technology. This is surprising, given that it does not have any 3G spectrum; instead, it has been relying on offering basic 2G call, text and data services at low prices - catered primarily to lower-income and rural subscribers - to gain market share. This strategy has caused it to steadily lose ground to its larger rivals, which were able to leverage their scale and capital resources to grow their reach. The network deal could allow GMobile to launch limited 4G or even 5G services, although it will likely need to achieve a more extensive network sharing deal if it were to boost its long-term prospects. The newly-agreed deal is relatively small in scale; data from the MIC suggests that as many as 400,000 BTSs have been installed by all five mobile operators nationwide.
Mobile Market Virtually A Three-Horse Race
Vietnam - Mobile Market Shares (%), 2016 - 2020
Note: Fitch Solutions estimates. Source: Viet Nam Telecommunications Authority (VNTA), Fitch Solutions
Vietnamobile, the only privately-owned operator in the country, and the market's fourth largest by subscriber count, appears to be excluded from the deal; the Hutchison Asia Telecom–owned operator could find it increasingly difficult to compete in a market dominated by the state-owned telcos. Its estimated Q120 market share of just under 6% has not grown to a meaningful degree over the years; it continues to be squeezed by its bigger rivals in urban areas. The smaller telco had long built its market share around low mobile tariff rates, although it is now focused on improving service quality in higher-return urban areas.
The network sharing deal will pave the way for more extensive partnership deals in the future. The towers segment is one area which could see an increased focus; by the end of 2019, we estimate that Vietnam had close to 100,000 towers, which are mostly owned by operators. The market is highly fragmented with several private players owning hundreds of towers, suggesting that consolidation in this area is a strong possibility. Mergers and acquisitions in the towers segment could greatly streamline and allow better-coordinated construction of these assets.
Overall, the deal has little positive implications to private sector players in the Vietnamese telecoms market. The state remains a dominant force in the Vietnam telecoms landscape, and is a key facilitator of partnerships between operators. Apart from Vietnamobile, private sector investment into the industry has been focused on the mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) segment. In early-June 2020, the market inducted its second MVNO, Reddi, which joins Indochina Telecom, an MVNO which launched services in April 2019. The latter has focused almost exclusively on customers centred in industrial hubs, which are mostly migrants from other provinces and cities. Reddi itself intends to focus on the same segment, given that competing against the bigger MNOs in the generic consumer segment will be extremely difficult with the lack of differentiated services.


text:
Ducks coach hopes All-Star snub acts as 'motivation' for Andersen
By Cam TuckerJan 17, 2015, 12:50 AM EST
Frederik Andersen didn't get selected to go to the 2015 All-Star game, despite 24 wins, which is second amongst all NHL goalies.
His coach in Anaheim, Bruce Boudreau, admitted the snub to his No. 1 goalie was a tad surprising, even though there have been some tremendous seasons being put in by other puck stoppers across the league, as outlined here.
"You're talking to a guy that's seen him play all the time," Boudreau told the Orange County Register.
"Of course, I'm surprised. I'd like a lot of our guys to have been selected. I think we've got the kind of record that merits more than one person going to the All-Star game but it isn't.
"Hopefully it's motivation for Freddie to say 'I'll show you.' He deserves it but he's not going to it."
The Ducks defeated the New Jersey Devils on Friday. Andersen was given the night off, as Ilya Bryzgalov was given the start, making 14 saves in a 5-1 Anaheim victory.
Follow @CamTucker_Metro


text:
UnitedHealth and Anthem in The News this Week
Is your healthcare provider part of UnitedHealth or Anthem?
If so, we recommend you pay close attention to this week's news.
UnitedHealth, Anthem Seek to Buy Smaller Rivals
The two biggest U.S. health insurers by revenue, UnitedHealth Group Inc. and Anthem Inc., are seeking to buy smaller rivals in a merger scramble aimed at cutting costs as the companies cope with the federal health-care overhaul.
UnitedHealth made a preliminary takeover approach to Aetna Inc. in the last few days, people familiar with the matter said. Given Aetna's market value of about $42 billion, any deal for the company would…
via UnitedHealth, Anthem Seek to Buy Smaller Rivals
UnitedHealth Has Approached Aetna About a Takeover
UnitedHealth Group Inc. has approached Aetna Inc. about a takeover deal that would likely be valued at more than $40 billion, according to people familiar with the matter, the latest move in a frenzy of merger talks in the health-insurance industry
The approach, in the form of a letter, came within the past few days, according to one of the people. It isn't clear what, if any, the response was, and it is far from certain there will…
via UnitedHealth Has Approached Aetna About a Takeover
Aetna (AET) Stock Gaining on UnitedHealth Takeover Offer
NEW YORK (TheStreet) — Shares of Aetna (AET – Get Report) are higher by 2.46% to $124 in pre-market trading on Tuesday morning, following a report from The Wall Street Journal that UnitedHealth Group(UNH) approached the health insurer regarding a takeover deal that could value Aetna at over $40 billion.
UnitedHealth approached Aetna via a letter within the past few days, sources told The Journal, adding it was unclear what, if any, response was given.
Aetna and other insurers are said to be considering buying Humana (HUM). The Journal reported in May that Humana is looking into strategic alternatives, which includes the possibility of a sale.
Some companies within the health insurance sector are in the process of merger talks as they try to keep up with changes in the industry that will allow them to cut costs.
"They are all trying to figure out how five becomes three. We don't know which is merging with which but that seems to be the goal. Terrible for the consumer but will the government even realize it?" TheStreet's Jim Cramer, Portfolio Manager of the Action Alerts PLUS charitable trust portfolio said.
Separately, TheStreet Ratings team rates AETNA INC as a Buy with a ratings score of A+. TheStreet Ratings Team has this to say about their recommendation: "We rate AETNA INC (AET) a BUY. This is based on the convergence of positive investment measures, which should help this stock outperform the majority of stocks that we rate. The company's strengths can be seen in multiple areas, such as its solid stock price performance, growth in earnings per share, increase in net income, revenue growth and attractive valuation levels. We feel its strengths outweigh the fact that the company shows low profit margins." Highlights from the analysis by TheStreet Ratings Team goes as follows:
Investors have apparently begun to recognize positive factors similar to those we have mentioned in this report, including earnings growth. This has helped drive up the company's shares by a sharp 45.65% over the past year, a rise that has exceeded that of the S&P 500 Index. Regarding the stock's future course, although almost any stock can fall in a broad market decline, AET should continue to move higher despite the fact that it has already enjoyed a very nice gain in the past year.
AETNA INC has improved earnings per share by 20.9% in the most recent quarter compared to the same quarter a year ago. The company has demonstrated a pattern of positive earnings per share growth over the past two years. We feel that this trend should continue. During the past fiscal year, AETNA INC increased its bottom line by earning $5.66 versus $5.35 in the prior year. This year, the market expects an improvement in earnings ($7.40 versus $5.66).
The company, on the basis of net income growth from the same quarter one year ago, has significantly outperformed against the S&P 500 and exceeded that of the Health Care Providers & Services industry average. The net income increased by 16.8% when compared to the same quarter one year prior, going from $665.50 million to $777.50 million.
Despite its growing revenue, the company underperformed as compared with the industry average of 13.1%. Since the same quarter one year prior, revenues slightly increased by 7.8%. Growth in the company's revenue appears to have helped boost the earnings per share.
You can view the full analysis from the report here: AET Ratings Report
via Aetna (AET) Stock Gaining on UnitedHealth Takeover Offer
UnitedHealth-Aetna would be the world's biggest health insurer
In the merger world, no sector is hotter than health insurance. The biggest U.S. carriers are all engaged in a round-robin of talks that that could reshape the five market leaders––themselves the product of frenzied consolidation––into just two colossi, and one odd-carrier-out.
The Wall Street Journal is reporting that Anthem, the nation's second largest insurer, has bid $175 a share for No. 5 ranked Cigna. That's a 27% premium; though Cigna has reportedly spurned Anthem's overtures, its stock has already jumped from $137.50 when the reports broke early Monday, to $152 by mid-day Tuesday. Indeed, investors are giving plenty of credence to the merger-mania scenario.
Humana (ranked fourth among the big insurers) is considered a jewel because of its strength in Medicare Advantage, a private version of the federal program for retirees. Rumors are flying that Aetna (No. 3) is eyeing Humana. The reports have pushed Humana's shares from around $180 on May 28 to as high as $217, a gain, at the peak, of $5.6 billion.
The industry leader, by a wide margin, is UnitedHealth Group UNH . Given its already immense size, UnitedHealth doesn't need a deal. It's extremely strong across the major markets: Medicare Advantage, programs for corporations, pharmacy benefit plans, and back-office outsourcing for physicians groups and hospitals. But now, reports are rife that UnitedHealth is joining the roundelay by courting Aetna AET .
UnitedHealth is a shooting star within the Fortune 500. Its growth has been especially spectacular since its CEO, Stephen Hemsley, began effectively running the enterprise as COO in mid-1999, rising to the top job seven years later. Over that 16- year span, UnitedHealth's sales have jumped from $17.3 billion to $130.5 billion, catapulting the carrier 84 places on the Fortune 500 to No. 14 on the current list, which ranks companies by their 2014 sales. Since Hemsley took charge, UnitedHealth's stock has risen 1700%, delivering 19.6% annual returns to investors.
That performance puts UnitedHealth in a position to acquire Aetna. In theory, bigger is the way to go. Greater scale should lower the IT and other overhead costs of recruiting new customers and managing claims. Greater heft would also strengthen an insurer's bargaining power with hospitals and physician groups, which are also gaining power through consolidation. Such negotiating advantages are especially crucial to gaining share in the rapidly expanding state exchanges established by the Affordable Care Act.
If UnitedHealth were to purchase Aetna, it would boast $189 billion in sales. If the carriers were combined today, they would rank fifth on the Fortune 500, leapfrogging the likes of AT&T (No. 12), Ford Motor (No. 9), and Apple, the current No. 5. That mega-merger would make UnitedHealth the world's largest healthcare company, a position now held by drug-delivery provider McKesson (No. 11). Only the perennial top two on the Fortune 500, Wal-Mart and Exxon, would be significantly larger than a UnitedHealth-Aetna combination.
Of course, that union could leave Humana an orphan, since Aetna would vanish as a potential acquirer. In fact, rumors of an Aetna-UnitedHealth merger has hammered Humana's stock from a peak of $217 to around $200 at mid-day on June 16.
It's impossible to say if such a deal will actually happen. Given UnitedHealth's fantastic success on its own, and the risks of major disruption from integrating two complex businesses, the merger seems unlikely. Still, investors in both camps are getting pumped. Usually, when rumors of a big merger hit, the target's stock surges, and the acquirer's falls. This time, shares of both are rising, demonstrating that shareholders think that bigger would be better, even when it costs the buyer a fat premium. On June 16, Aetna's shares had risen by about 3% as of 1 p.m., and UnitedHealth gained around 2%. Combined, their market caps surged to well over $3 billion.
Trained as an accountant, Hemsley is a master of using dollops of new capital to generate tons of extra profits. He'll carefully weigh the extra stock and cash that a merger would require against the added cash it would generate. This cool, Cartesian thinker knows a good deal, and won't be swayed by deal fever.
via UnitedHealth-Aetna would be the world's biggest health insurer
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Q: Run wget and other commands in shell script I'm trying to create a shell script that I will download the latest Atomic gotroot rules to my server, unpack them, copy them to the correct folder, etc.,
I've been reading shell tutorials and forum posts for most of the day and the syntax escapes me for some of these. I have run all these commands and I know they work if I manually run them.
I know I need to develop some error checking, but I'm just trying to get the commands to run correctly. The main problem at the moment is the syntax of the wget commands, i've got errors about missing semi-colons, divide by zero, unsupported schemes - I've tried various quoting (single and double) and escaping - / " characters in various combinations.
Thanks for any help.
The raw wget command is
wget --user="jim" --password="xxx-yyy-zzz" "http://updates.atomicorp.com/channels/rules/subscription/VERSION"
#!/bin/sh
update_modsec_rules(){

wget=/usr/bin/wget
tar=/bin/tar
apachectl=/usr/bin/apache2ctl

TXT="Script Run Finished"
WORKING_DIR="/var/asl/updates"
TARGET_DIR="/usr/local/apache/conf/modsec_rules/"
EXISTING_FILES="/var/asl/updates/modsec/*"
EXISTING_ARCH="/var/asl/updates/modsec-*"
WGET_OPTS='--user=jim --password=xxx-yyy-zzz'
URL_BASE="http://updates.atomicorp.com/channels/rules/subscription"

# change to working directory and cleanup any downloaded files and extracted rules in modsec/ directory
cd $WORKING_DIR
rm -f $EXISTING_ARCH
rm -f $EXISTING_FILES
rm -f VERSION*

# wget to download VERSION file
$wget ${WGET_OPTS} "${URL_BASE}/VERSION"

# get current MODSEC_VERSION from VERSION file and save as variable
source VERSION
TARGET_DATE=$MODSEC_VERSION
echo $TARGET_DATE

# wget to download current archive
$wget ${WGET_OPTS} "${URL_BASE}/modsec-${TARGET_DATE}.tar.gz"

# extract archive
echo "extracting files . . . "
tar zxvf $WORKING_DIR/modsec-${TARGET_DATE}.tar.gz

echo "copying files . . . "
cp -uv $EXISTING_FILES $TARGET_DIR

echo $TXT
}

update_modsec_rules $@ 2>&1 | tee -a /var/asl/modsec_update.log

RESTART_APACHE="/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv httpd"
$RESTART_APACHE

A: Here are some guidelines to use when writing shell scripts.

*

*Always quote variables when you use them.  This helps avoid the possibility of misinterpretation.  (What if a filename contains a space?)

*Don't trust fileglobbing on commands like rm.  Use for loops instead.  (What if a filename starts with a hyphen?)

*Avoid subshells when possible.  Your lines with backquotes make me itchy.

*Don't exec if you can help it.  And especially don't expect any parts of your script after your exec to actually get run.

I should point out that while your shell may be bash, you've specified /bin/sh for execution of this script, so it is NOT a bash script.
Here's a rewrite with some error checking.  Add salt to taste.
#!/bin/sh

# Linux
wget=/usr/bin/wget
tar=/bin/tar
apachectl=/usr/sbin/apache2ctl

# FreeBSD
#wget=/usr/local/bin/wget
#tar=/usr/bin/tar
#apachectl=/usr/local/sbin/apachectl

TXT="GOT TO THE END, YEAH"
WORKING_DIR="/var/asl/updates"
TARGET_DIR="/usr/local/apache/conf/modsec_rules/"
EXISTING_FILES_DIR="/var/asl/updates/modsec/"
EXISTING_ARCH="/var/asl/updates/"

URL_BASE="http://updates.atomicorp.com/channels/rules/subscription"
WGET_OPTS='--user="jim" --password="xxx-yyy-zzz"'

if [ ! -x "$wget" ]; then
  echo "ERROR: No wget." >&2
  exit 1
elif [ ! -x "$apachectl" ]; then
  echo "ERROR: No apachectl." >&2
  exit 1
elif [ ! -x "$tar" ]; then
  echo "ERROR: Not in Kansas anymore, Toto." >&2
  exit 1
fi

# change to working directory and cleanup any downloaded files
# and extracted rules in modsec/ directory
if ! cd "$WORKING_DIR"; then
  echo "ERROR: can't access working directory ($WORKING_DIR)" >&2
  exit 1
fi

# Delete each file in a loop.
for file in "$EXISTING_FILES_DIR"/* "$EXISTING_ARCH_DIR"/modsec-*; do
  rm -f "$file"
done

# Move old VERSION out of the way.
mv VERSION VERSION-$$

# wget1 to download VERSION file (replaces WGET1)
if ! $wget $WGET_OPTS $URL_BASE}/VERSION; then
  echo "ERROR: can't get VERSION" >&2
  mv VERSION-$$ VERSION
  exit 1
fi

# get current MODSEC_VERSION from VERSION file and save as variable,
# but DON'T blindly trust and run scripts from an external source.
if grep -q '^MODSEC_VERSION=' VERSION; then
  TARGET_DATE="`sed -ne '/^MODSEC_VERSION=/{s/^[^=]*=//p;q;}' VERSION`"
  echo "Target date: $TARGET_DATE"
fi

# Download current archive (replaces WGET2)
if ! $wget ${WGET_OPTS} "${URL_BASE}/modsec-$TARGET_DATE.tar.gz"; then
  echo "ERROR: can't get archive" >&2
  mv VERSION-$$ VERSION         # Do this, don't do this, I don't know your needs.
  exit 1
fi

# extract archive
if [ ! -f "$WORKING_DIR/modsec-${TARGET_DATE}.tar.gz" ]; then
  echo "ERROR: I'm confused, where's my archive?" >&2
  mv VERSION-$$ VERSION         # Do this, don't do this, I don't know your needs.
  exit 1
fi
tar zxvf "$WORKING_DIR/modsec-${TARGET_DATE}.tar.gz"

for file in "$EXISTING_FILES_DIR"/*; do
  cp "$file" "$TARGET_DIR/"
done

# So far so good, so let's restart apache.
if $apachectl configtest; then
  if $apachectl restart; then
    # Success!
    rm -f VERSION-$$
    echo "$TXT"
  else
    echo "ERROR: PANIC! Apache didn't restart.  Notify the authorities!" >&2
    exit 3
  fi
else
  echo "ERROR: Apache configs are broken.  We're still running, but you'd better fix this ASAP." >&2
  exit 2
fi

Note that while I've rewritten this to be more sensible, there is certainly still a lot of room for improvement.

A: You have two options:
1- changing this to
WGET1=' --user="jim" --password="xxx-yyy-zzz" "http://updates.atomicorp.com/channels/rules/subscription/VERSION"'

then run
wget $WGET1 same to WGET2
Or
2- encapsulating $WGET1 with backquotes ``.
e.g.:
`$WGET`

This applies to any command your executing out of a variable.
Suggested changes:
#!/bin/sh

TXT="GOT TO THE END, YEAH"
WORKING_DIR="/var/asl/updates"
TARGET_DIR="/usr/local/apache/conf/modsec_rules/"
EXISTING_FILES="/var/asl/updates/modsec/*"
EXISTING_ARCH="/var/asl/updates/modsec-*"
WGET1='wget --user="jim" --password="xxx-yyy-zzz" "http://updates.atomicorp.com/channels/rules/subscription/VERSION"'
WGET2='wget --user="jim" --password="xxx-yyy-zzz" "http://updates.atomicorp.com/channels/rules/subscription/modsec-$TARGET_DATE.tar.gz"'

## change to working directory and cleanup any downloaded files and extracted rules in modsec/ directory
cd $WORKING_DIR
rm -f $EXISTING_ARCH
rm -f $EXISTING_FILES

## wget1 to download VERSION file
`$WGET1`

## get current MODSEC_VERSION from VERSION file and save as variable
source VERSION
TARGET_DATE=`echo $MODSEC_VERSION`

## WGET2 command to download current archive
`$WGET2`
## extract archive
tar zxvf $WORKING_DIR/modsec-$TARGET_DATE.tar.gz

cp $EXISTING_FILES $TARGET_DIR

## restart server
exec '/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv_httpd' $*;

Pro Tip: If you need string substitution, using ${VAR} is much better to eliminate ambiguity, e.g.:
tar zxvf $WORKING_DIR/modsec-${TARGET_DATE}.tar.gz

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Mondrian hotel in NoMad to open a nightclub with owner of 1Oak
By Jennifer Gould Keil
September 18, 2017 | 4:12pm
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When the Mondrian Park Avenue opens this month, the chic hotel will come with a rooftop lounge and an underground club space — thanks to a collaboration between its management company and one of the city's hottest nightclub gurus.
Butter Group's Richie Akiva — of 1Oak and Butter, a pair of venues known for their celebrity clientele — has teamed up with Journal Hotels CEO Stephen Brandman to create a rooftop lounge and an underground club at the Mondrian that's slated to open at 444 Park Avenue South, The Post has learned.
"We're excited about bringing all of these elements together — the great Mondrian brand with nightlife guru Richie Akiva and Journal Hotels to Park Avenue," said Brandman, who was previously co-founder and CEO of Thompson Hotels and Commune Hotels.
Brandman is an owner of Journal Hotels, a management company backed by secretive Hong Kong-based billionaire Goodwin Gaw who, with David Chang, owns the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles.
Gaw is currently in talks to buy the Standard Hotel, as the Post's Steve Cuozzo first reported in August.
The Mondrian's rooftop lounge, Fifteen Stories, will be a 3,000-square-foot space with 100 seats, along with an additional 100 seats in a 2,000-square-foot outdoor terrace overlooking Park Avenue.
Brandman and Akiva will also open an underground club in a 2,000-square-foot space that seats 85 people.
The Mondrian Park Avenue will also launch a new flagship restaurant, Cleo, in a roomy 5,000 square foot space, in mid-October.
Cleo, which is based in Miami and Los Angeles, already has a celebrity following. This is its first foray into the New York food scene.
The Mediterranean-inspired, shared plates concept is from Chef Danny Elmaleh. Cleo is part of SBE, a hotel and hospitality group founded by Sam Nazarian, who recently sold his interest in the Mondrian Park Avenue to the hotel's developer, David Moinian. The 20-story hotel was created by converting and expanding a 15-story office building.
Filed under 1oak , luxury hotels , nightclubs , rooftop
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Douglas Kirk studied musicology at The University of Texas at Austin (M.M.) and McGill University (Ph.D.), and early music performance practice at the Royal Conservatorium of Music in The Hague, Holland. He is a well-known cornettist and shawm player, and has concertized widely throughout the Americas and Europe and can be heard on numerous recordings of seventeenth-century Venetian, Spanish, and German music with professional ensembles from London, England, Boston, and Montreal. Dr. Kirk taught music history at Concordia University and McGill University and directed early music performance projects at The University of Texas and McGill University for many years, as well as teaching cornetto and other early wind instruments at those institutions and also at summer early music festivals in the US, Canada, and Spain.