For this paper, we are going to look at 3 very different periods from the history. We concentrate on the work conditions, look at who has to work in the family and how inventions influence the production and selling processes. Also, name some jobs that were popular during these periods. First era is Pre-industrial era.
This period is very important when we think about development. Firstly, working people had to develop their physical skills at that time because there were no machines to help them. Everything had to be done by using their own hands and strength of their body which made production more timetaking and less producing than it would have been with machines help. It took time until people discovered that it is more useful and easier for them to use animals instead of their own power (Concern Infotech Pvt. Ltd. 2010).
After that animals` importance was growing and people used them for cultivation and transportation. Secondly, people found out that combining plough and irrigation makes it possible for them to use fallow land which helps to increase efficiency (Concern Infotech Pvt. Ltd. 2010).
Thirdly, there was a growth in economy on that time which led to an increase in occupations (Edgell, 2012) because people started to want more products to choose from and also new things that they did not have before. On the other hand, because of the noticeable increase in production, social differentiation also increased. This means that there are dominant groups who own the land and subordinate groups who have to do everything. This includes producing the things like spices, food and weapons and also transporting and distributing them (Edgell, 2012).
Second important thought that we have to consider is the lack of skilled crafts (Miller, 2011). I mentioned in the previous section that workers had to develop their physical skills to make most out of their fields. But because the production was quite simple, when we consider the knowledge needed, there were not many skilled crafts who could think out new ways how to make production easier. Also, in that period, work and home were not separated (Traugott, 1993). This means that production process took place at home and everyone had to do something.
The best words to describe this era are manufacturing and mass production. People started using machines to get more output using less labour. This led to an increase in productivity and decrease in cost (Hackett, 1992) because owners did not have to pay for so many workers. It was the time of new inventions and manufacturing processes.
The most important inventions were telephone which managers used to stay in contact with other parts of the business and electricity which replaced steam engines and brought along even bigger decrease in cost. People built waterways and railroads to trade products and raw material with other countries (Husband, O`Loughlin, 2004). Also, we can not forget the invention of assembly line by Ford because of what workers did not have to transport things on wheels in the industry. In Pre-industrial era, individuals` statuses were mostly ascribed but now people had to earn them (Concern Infotech Pvt. Ltd. 2010).
This means that everyone had a chance to get respectful status. On the other hand, there were many problems also in that era. Firstly, factories produced more goods than actually were needed and therefore they had to stop the process of production in one point and leave their labour without job. Ofcourse, people did not get any money during that time so they had to have some spare food or savings. Also, the labour had to work for long hours and move away from their houses to be closer to the industry (Traugott, 1993) which meant that they could not help their family to harvest fields.
On the same time, it is good that the production takes place in the factories because home is now separated from work (Concern Infotech Pvt. Ltd. 2010) and different generations do not have to live together anymore. It is the start of nuclear families. During that period, many workers were not satisfied because they realised that eventhough they were more skilled than others, they got paid as much as those who were unskilled (Hackett, 1992).
There have been many technological inventions in the post-industrial era- for example telephones, computers and other gadgets (Aneesh, 2001) which means that it is the start of information technology. Industry owners wanted to replace their old machines with automated ones to decrease the number of labour needed and therefore reduce costs in the long term.
This means that workers had to improve their skills to keep their jobs (Link, 2009). Therefore, during that period, education`s importance increased and more young adults went to university to study subjects like computer programming, law and engineering (Miller, 2011).
Also, people might think that thanks to the automation and technological inventions, the leisure time has expanded because people are able to set computers to run the production process and do not have to be in the factory all the time but that is actually not right. Ofcourse it is clear that machines allow employees to leave industries and choose when and where they want to work because people can finish their tasks on the computer but doing that they might end up overworking. The reason for that is the blurred boundary between working and leisure time (Link, 2009).
One more benefit, which came along with information technology and internet is being up-to-date. People can read about competitive companies situation from the internet and be in contact with people from the other parts of the world not only through phones but also online. And what is important, you can even see the other person you are having a call with eventhough they might be in any other country. The other thing that characterises this era is that goods production importance decreases and services industry starts to stand out (Miller, 2011).
Pre-industrial, Industrial and Post-industrial eras have features that separate them from eachother. Pre-industrial era is also called agricultural era because the most popular job is farming. Everyone in family has to work to keep food on the table. Therefore, children go to school only during winter while it is not possible to work on fields. Industrial era, like the name relates, is focused on manufacturing and industries.
Production is getting cheaper because workers do not need special skills to work on assembly lines. This period makes it possible to export and import products thanks to the railroads and waterways. People are mostly working in the factories, farming falls behind. Post-industrial era pushes the production from the throne and the importance of services increases.
This period is the start of information technology which makes it easier for companies to enter the global market. People can work from homes thanks to the computers and internet but it might lead to overworking. Also, there is upskilling going on because workers need to know more than before to use developed systems. It is the first period that prioritizes education. People have a variety of jobs to choose from, they can be lawyers, programmers, advisers or who else they want to be.


text:
Box Office International The Race Heat Vision Behind the Screen THR Presents
'Life in a Day' Director Kevin Macdonald on Working With Ridley Scott and Wading Through 81,000 Submissions for His Film (Berlin)
1:10 PM PST 2/11/2011 by Stuart Kemp
Jemal Countess/Getty Images
Oscar winner Kevin Macdonald is a director in demand. Recently in Los Angeles to help promote his sword and sandals epic The Eagle starring Channing Tatum for Focus Features, Macdonald is also putting the finishing touches to a biopic about reggae legend Bob Marley which is being sold at the European Film Market after the director picked up the reins from Martin Scorsese. He's also behind Life in a Day, a project that could only be birthed from the digital age: A documentary woven together by Macdonald from hours and hours of footage gathered on a single day in July 2010 sent in by YouTube users around the world, the movie is exec produced by filmmakers Ridley and Tony Scott. Macdonald talks to The Hollywood Reporter's Stuart Kemp about being nervous when he sent the first rough cut to Ridley, finding global humor dull and a macabre submission that ended up on the cutting room floor.
The Hollywood Reporter: Why did the idea for Life in a Day interest you?
Kevin Macdonald: The point is it's all found footage in a sense. It's certainly all footage not shot by me. It's closer to editing an archive in some ways and yet people from all over the world have sent it in. My input has come in the cutting room and there is a huge variety of material from 192 countries to go through. The interest is it feels like we're using the internet in an interesting way and our lives are now and have become so entangled with the web that I wanted to explore just what that may mean for film. It was interesting to find what this new technology can achieve working alongside a more traditional medium [such as film].
THR: Is it true that British artist and filmmaker Humphrey Jennings is one of your influences?
Macdonald: I'm a big fan of Humphrey Jennings, and I made a documentary about him a while ago. It was his method of using direct observations and film everyday life and objects that made his art so compelling.
THR: Were his everyday documentaries an influence?
Macdonald: Absolutely they influenced the way we cut it. We had a roomful of researchers, 24 in total, each speaking different languages. They were looking for key words and star ratings in various categories we had given them. I screened them several films and documentaries to watch including Listen To Britain, by Jennings. It's a 23-minute short film which is a complete study in free associated editing by Jennings' editor Stewart McAllister. It goes from one part of Great Britain to another and captures the sites and sounds of the country during World War II. Jennings asked people to send in diaries for his work and in a way we did that but now you can get people to send small films in and make observations with the camera.
THR: You had more than 80,000 submissions -- totaling about 4,500 hours. How did you decide what to ask for?
Macdonald: It ended up being 81,000. It was daunting. We asked contributors four questions to answer to begin developing a framework for the narrative. We actually ended up not using one of the questions and the submissions.
THR: Which one?
Macdonald: The question we didn't end up using is 'what makes you laugh?' Strangely, what came in from that question was frankly quite dull.
THR: So which questions did you end up using?
Macdonald: We asked what do you love, what do you fear and what's in your pocket? The last question is basically Jennings' question about what's on your mantlepiece? That way, we had a way to start structuring the film you've got into one with a narrative.
THR: How did you and film editor Joe Walker structure it into a feature?
Macdonald: I shouldn't be taking so much of the credit. The film is an incredible feat of editing and the organizational elements in this is genuinely amazing. I jokingly referred to Joe [Walker] as our head of IT, his technical skills were always in demand. I mean who knew there are 60 different frame rates to deal with in video and film? It [the film] is an amazing feat of IT achievement.
THR: Ridley and Tony Scott's Scott Free U.K. and YouTube are both partners. For a filmmaker, was that as strange a set of backers for a feature as it gets?
Macdonald: In a way it's a return to sponsored films. YouTube sponsored the film but managed to bring in a major sponsor, [technology giant] LG, to put money in. And no, they didn't give me a free telly. The backers told us they have no editorial control or interest, you just go off and make whatever film you want to make. They [the backers] didn't even see it until it was finished. It was a fantastic experience for me as a filmmaker and it was probably the single most free experience as a filmmaker I have had.
THR: What about fellow filmmaker Ridley Scott, who certainly seemed very interested in the project?
Macdonald: Ridley was incredibly supportive of it. I sent the rough cut to Ridley and I was nervous. He came back and was very enthusiastic about the material and was totally spot on with the detailed notes he sent me on it. He's kind of brilliant and after that I sort of realized that's why he is Ridley Scott, this great filmmaker.
THR: Out of all the submissions you couldn't use what is the weirdest thing on the cutting room floor?
Macdonald: The one thing that has stayed with me is footage we got from a group of Tunisian doctors. They're standing around a body and one of them pokes in the dead body's mouth and starts to slowly and gradually pull out an object. It slowly comes out and it's a monkey wrench. It must end up being about eight inches long and once it comes out, the doctors just burst out laughing, they just can't help themselves.
THR: One Day in September and Touching the Void were both highly acclaimed documentaries. Do you feel as a filmmaker you gravitate towards real life experiences as sources for your story telling?
Macdonald: I think so. It's a world in which I feel more comfortable. I would love to make a sci-fi or fantasy film epic but you would probably find that I would try and infuse the characters with a lot of reality. I suppose I would try and make the characters real because I like something with a sense of reality. I've done a few commercials and find them very hard to do because the people in them aren't real or act in a real world. When I make a documentary I try and make the narrative feel like a fiction film and when I make a fiction film, I try to make it feel like a documentary. I don't think I am very imaginative.
THR: The day chosen happened to be one with a full moon. Did that prove to be problematic?
Macdonald: We didn't realize it was a full moon. We chose the date for the day pretty much because we had the idea for the film in March and didn't think we could get things ready any more quickly than July. It just proved good fortune and there was a lot of that and serendipity involved in this project. It starts with people from all around the world looking up at the moon -- folks in Malawi, Venezuela, America all over, and ends up with a child looking up at the moon.
THR: Much of YouTube is considered to be frivolous or funny. What's the feel of your movie?
Macdonald: It ended up with quite a lot of content being melancholic. We're trying to define [visually] some of the darkness and pain in life, as well as the humor and ultimately show the unity of mankind in terms of how this one day shows how we share common experiences no matter where we are.
Vital stats:
Name: Kevin Macdonald
Film in Berlin: Life In A Day in Panorama
Date of birth: 28 October 1967
Selected Filmography: One Day In September, Touching the Void, The Last King of Scotland, State of Play, The Eagle.
Notable Awards: Best documentary Oscar for One Day In September, BAFTA best British film nods for The Last King of Scotland and Touching the Void.
Stuart Kemp

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Can Unicode conversion errors in SSIS be fixed without using Data conversion When designing SSIS packages I get the following error

Column "COLUMN_NAME" cannot convert between Unicode and non-Unicode string data types.

I know that I can add a data conversion step and manually convert between Unicode and non-Unicode manually. This is impractical in my case since I maintain about 100 packages and each time one of them gets changed I have to redo the mappings.
N.B. I work for a corporate company so I can't just upgrade.
Is there a way of fixing this error without using data conversion?
Environment
My current setup is as follows.

*

*Microsoft Visual Studio 2012

*Oracle client 11.2.0 32 Bit

*Windows 10 Enterprise 64 bit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Rossmore, ON – Today MPP Todd Smith announced that Ontario's Government for the People is helping police officers in Bay of Quinte region and across the province to save lives by enabling them to carry and administer naloxone in response to opioid overdoses like other first responders, who do not have to worry about routinely being the subject of a criminal investigation.
The province has amended Ontario Regulation 267/10, a key regulation under the current Police Services Act. Previously, police have been required to report to and be investigated by the Special Investigations Unit (SIU) in an incident in which a civilian dies after naloxone is administered. After this change, Chiefs of Police no longer will be required to automatically notify SIU when a police officer has administered naloxone or other emergency first aid to a person who dies or suffers a serious injury, provided there was no other interaction that could have caused the death or serious injury.
Police officers will now be on par with other emergency first responders - such as paramedics or firefighters - who can carry and administer naloxone but are not subject to the same level of oversight. This is a significant change as police officers are often the first to arrive on the scene in a medical emergency and do what any first responder would do: they try to save a life.
Naloxone is a medication that can temporarily reverse the effects of an opioid overdose (e.g., fentanyl, oxycodone, heroin) if used within a short period following an opioid overdose. It is now being carried by many police officers for use in opioid overdose or apparent opioid overdoses.
Naloxone does not affect non-opioids. Administering naloxone to a person who is unconscious because of a non-opioid overdose or for other reasons is unlikely to create harm.
The SIU is a police oversight body, independent of the police, that conducts criminal investigations into circumstances involving police and civilians that have resulted in serious injury or death.
The SIU will continue to investigate civilian deaths where other factors are present (e.g. if there was any use of force against the person who received the naloxone or if a person dies while in police custody/detention).


text:
Die Birinci Divizionu 2008/09 war die 17. Spielzeit der zweithöchsten Fußball-Spielklasse Aserbaidschans. Sie begann am 6. September 2008 und endete am 3. Mai 2009.

Modus
Die acht Mannschaften spielten an 28 Spieltagen jeweils vier Mal gegeneinander. In dieser Saison gab es keinen Aufsteiger.

Vereine

Abschlusstabelle

Weblinks
  Table of Honor auf soccerlibrary.free.fr
 Azerbaijan 2008/09 aus rsssf.com

Einzelnachweise

2008
Fußballsaison 2008/09

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Players all stand around or sit in a circle and one person is chosen to be the detective. The detective goes out of the room and a murderer is chosen. Everybody knows who the murderer is. The detective is let back into the room and must stand in the middle of the circle. They have 3 chances to guess who the murderer is.
The murderer must look into the eyes of those around the circle and wink. When they wink – and the person sees them wink at them – they must fall down dead. The murderer wants to wink when the detective is not watching if possible. The detective has until the last person dies to detect who the murderer is, however, the quicker they detect them the more survivors they will make!


(10 Pairs) 10"-28" MPJ HR Soft Close Drawer Slides, Ball Bearing, Full Extension. Introduces the next generation of our best-inclass ball bearing soft-close drawer slides, the Dura-Close® 303-300 Series! We took the robustness, dependability and real world performance that customers have grown to love, reduced the pull force by over 30% and created a slide that installers and homeowners alike will love!
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Mounting screws, installation instruction included. Always let us know if you have any questions. About Us: Welcome to MPJ Shop online store. We carry a veriety of cabinet and furniture hardware.
We take customer service seriously and we want you to be satisfy with us. We like happy, honest customers. We will continue to add products so please check us back often, and thank you for visiting our online store.
The item "(10 Pairs) 10-28 MPJ HR Soft Close Drawer Slides, Ball Bearing, Full Extension" is in sale since Thursday, May 31, 2018. This item is in the category "Home & Garden\Home Improvement\Building & Hardware\Cabinets & Cabinet Hardware\Drawer Slides".
The seller is "m4649264" and is located in Ontario, California. This item can be shipped to United States.


text:
Charles Neville Halse
Generations: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Standard | Vertical | Compact | Box | Text | Ahnentafel | Fan Chart | Media | PDF
1. Charles Neville Halse was born on 27 Jun 1907 in Peddie, Eastern Cape, South Africa (son of Harry Temple Halse and Ruby Harvey); died on 30 Dec 1959 in Ndola, Copperbelt, Zambia.
Charles married Helen Margaret Lamb on 30 Sep 1933 in Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa. Helen was born on 8 Dec 1907 in Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; died in 1997 in Banket, Zimbabwe. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Nigel Everard Temple Halse was born on 6 Feb 1937 in Lusaka, Zambia; died on 27 Feb 1965 in Marylebone, London, England.
Hilary Frances Temple Halse
2. Harry Temple Halse was born on 21 Apr 1876 in Dordrecht, Eastern Cape, South Africa (son of Edmund George Halse and Susannah Jacoba Annandale); died on 22 Nov 1922 in Gauteng, South Africa.
Harry married Ruby Harvey on 17 Aug 1904 in Rouxville, Free State, South Africa. Ruby was born on 2 Apr 1883 in Smithfield, Free State, South Africa; died about 1976 in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
3. Ruby Harvey was born on 2 Apr 1883 in Smithfield, Free State, South Africa; died about 1976 in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
George Hilary Halse was born on 14 Oct 1905; died on 25 Oct 1942; was buried in Matruh, Egypt.
1. Charles Neville Halse was born on 27 Jun 1907 in Peddie, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 30 Dec 1959 in Ndola, Copperbelt, Zambia.
Eric Harvey Halse was born on 12 Dec 1908 in Peddie, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 17 Aug 1982 in Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa.
Elaine Ruby Halse was born on 23 Jan 1912 in Seymour, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 15 Dec 2000 in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
Joyce Halse was born on 23 Jun 1913 in South Africa; died on 25 Dec 1969 in Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
4. Edmund George Halse was born on 21 May 1833 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa (son of Thomas Henry Halse, 1820 Settler and Susan Smith, 1820 Settler); died in 1888.
Edmund married Susannah Jacoba Annandale on 1 Jul 1863 in South Africa. Susannah (daughter of George Annandale, 1820 Settler and Susannah Jacoba de Beer) was born on 1 Dec 1842 in South Africa; died in 1877. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
5. Susannah Jacoba Annandale was born on 1 Dec 1842 in South Africa (daughter of George Annandale, 1820 Settler and Susannah Jacoba de Beer); died in 1877.
Charles William Halse was born on 16 Jun 1864 in Willowmore, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died in in Halseton, Dordrecht (nr), Eastern Cape, South Africa; was buried on 30 Jan 1901 in Lady Grey, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Susannah Gertrude Halse was born on 16 Sep 1865 in Queenstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died about 1950.
George Bertram Halse was born on 5 Apr 1869 in South Africa; died in 1928.
Eliza Anne Halse was born on 10 Sep 1871 in Dordrecht, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 8 Sep 1936 in Ugie, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Thomas Henry Halse was born on 30 Aug 1872; died on 10 May 1949.
2. Harry Temple Halse was born on 21 Apr 1876 in Dordrecht, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 22 Nov 1922 in Gauteng, South Africa.
Maria Mabel Halse was born on 14 Nov 1877 in Dordrecht, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
8. Thomas Henry Halse, 1820 Settler was born in 1794 in Penzance, Cornwall, England (son of Thomas Halse and Mary Batten); died on 5 Jan 1849 in Cradock, Eastern Cape, South Africa; was buried in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Thomas married Susan Smith, 1820 Settler on 14 Jun 1816 in Parish Chapel, St Pancras, Camden, Middlesex, England. Susan (daughter of James Smith, daughter of James Smith) was born on 22 Aug 1799; died on 11 Aug 1839 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; was buried in Old Grahamstown Cemetery, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
9. Susan Smith, 1820 Settler was born on 22 Aug 1799 (daughter of James Smith, daughter of James Smith); died on 11 Aug 1839 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; was buried in Old Grahamstown Cemetery, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Thomas Henry Halse was born in 1816 in England; died in 1816 in England.
Henry James Halse, 1820 Settler was born on 1 Dec 1817 in London, England; died on 6 Jun 1880 in Mayfield, Free State, South Africa.
William Halse, 1820 Settler was born in 1819 in England; died in 1820 in Died at sea aboard the Ocean; was buried in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Frederick Halse was born on 26 Mar 1821 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 15 Jan 1885 in Dordrecht, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Charles Henry Smith Halse was born on 7 Sep 1822 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 7 Nov 1883.
Cordelia Halse was born about Jan 1824 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died about Sep 1827 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
James Alexander Halse was born on 10 Jan 1825 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died in Oct 1825 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; was buried on 9 Oct 1825 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Frances Halse was born on 28 May 1827 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 5 Jun 1827 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; was buried on 5 Jun 1827 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Cordelia Susanna Halse was born about 1828 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died in 1907.
Thomas Benjamin Halse was born on 23 Feb 1829 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 12 Sep 1894 in Lady Grey, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Denis Cary Edward Wilson Halse was born in 1831 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Edward Nathanael Halse was born in 1832 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died in in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
4. Edmund George Halse was born on 21 May 1833 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died in 1888.
Eliza Ann Halse was born on 23 Jul 1835 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 22 Dec 1847 in Cradock, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
James William Halse was born on 3 Jun 1837 in South Africa; died on 31 Oct 1901 in Lady Grey, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
10. George Annandale, 1820 Settler was born on 11 Jul 1799 in England (son of John Annandale and Maria, - wife of John Annandale); died on 24 Dec 1879 in Wodehouse, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
George married Susannah Jacoba de Beer. Susannah (daughter of Johannes Matthyss De Beer and Maria Johannah Hattingh) was born on 16 Mar 1806 in Somerset East, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 22 May 1873 in Annan Water farm. Wodehouse. Eastern cape, South Africa. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
11. Susannah Jacoba de Beer was born on 16 Mar 1806 in Somerset East, Eastern Cape, South Africa (daughter of Johannes Matthyss De Beer and Maria Johannah Hattingh); died on 22 May 1873 in Annan Water farm. Wodehouse. Eastern cape, South Africa.
John George Annandale was born about 1827.
Henry Peter Annandale was born about 1828 in Cradock District, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 13 Aug 1907 in Elliot, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Hans Mattys Annandale was born about 1830 in Bezuidenhouts Kraal, Cradock district, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 7 Oct 1910 in Annan Water farm. Wodehouse. Eastern cape, South Africa.
Charles James Annandale was born about 1832.
Stephen Annandale was born about 1834.
Christain Frederick Annandale was born about 1836.
David Annandale was born about 1841; died on 6 Jul 1928 in Dordrecht, Eastern Cape, South Africa; was buried in Craggy Glen, Wodehouse district, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Maria Annandale was born about 1840.
5. Susannah Jacoba Annandale was born on 1 Dec 1842 in South Africa; died in 1877.
Johanna Hendrina Sophia Annandale was born about 1843 in Queenstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa; died on 19 Aug 1934 in Rockdale, Elliot, Eastern Cape, South Africa.


text:
Q: What does `:load` do and what does it not do in Scala REPL? I have the following code:
abstract class AExp {
  def eval : Int = this match {
    case Num(n) => n
    case Add(e1, e2) => e1.eval + e2.eval
  }
}

case class Num(n : Int) extends AExp
case class Add(e1 : AExp, e2 : AExp) extends AExp

case class Prd(e1 : AExp, e2 : AExp) extends AExp {
  override def eval : Int = e1.eval * e2.eval
}

It works fine under Scala 2.8 here but does not work under 2.10 when I load it into the REPL.  I get tons of errors:
scala> :l aexp.scala
Loading aexp.scala...
<console>:9: error: not found: value Num
           case Num(n) => n
                ^
<console>:9: error: not found: value n
           case Num(n) => n
                          ^
<console>:10: error: not found: value Add
           case Add(e1, e2) => e1.eval + e2.eval
                ^
<console>:10: error: not found: value e1
           case Add(e1, e2) => e1.eval + e2.eval
                               ^
<console>:7: error: not found: type AExp
       case class Num(n : Int) extends AExp
                                       ^
<console>:7: error: not found: type AExp
       case class Add(e1 : AExp, e2 : AExp) extends AExp
                                                    ^
<console>:7: error: not found: type AExp
       case class Add(e1 : AExp, e2 : AExp) extends AExp
                           ^
<console>:7: error: not found: type AExp
       case class Add(e1 : AExp, e2 : AExp) extends AExp
                                      ^
<console>:7: error: not found: type AExp
       case class Prd(e1 : AExp, e2 : AExp) extends AExp {
                                                    ^
<console>:7: error: not found: type AExp
       case class Prd(e1 : AExp, e2 : AExp) extends AExp {
                           ^
<console>:7: error: not found: type AExp
       case class Prd(e1 : AExp, e2 : AExp) extends AExp {
                                      ^

But the same code works fine in :paste mode under the 2.10 REPL.  What is going on here?  What does :load do and what does it not do?

A: As :help says,

:load
  load and interpret a Scala file

it loads file and interprets it line-by-line, just like it would interpret individual lines that you feed to REPL, whereas :paste interpret whole chunk of code as an atomical unit.
The error, as you can predict is that repl sees
abstract class AExp {
  def eval : Int = this match {
    case Num(n) => n
    case Add(e1, e2) => e1.eval + e2.eval
  }
}

But know nothing about Num and Add types -- they aren't defined yet. The trick to make :load work the way you wanted to is to wrap all your code in some super object, e.g.:
object InterpretAsUnit {
  // all your code goes there
}

P.S.
funny fact, is that scala -i <your path> nearly identical to scala and then :load <your path>


text:
using ChainUtils.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
using ChainUtils.BouncyCastle.Security;

namespace ChainUtils.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators
{
    public class ElGamalParametersGenerator
    {
		private int				size;
        private int				certainty;
        private SecureRandom	random;

		public void Init(
            int				size,
            int				certainty,
            SecureRandom	random)
        {
            this.size = size;
            this.certainty = certainty;
            this.random = random;
        }

		/**
         * which Generates the p and g values from the given parameters,
         * returning the ElGamalParameters object.
         * <p>
         * Note: can take a while...
		 * </p>
         */
        public ElGamalParameters GenerateParameters()
        {
			//
			// find a safe prime p where p = 2*q + 1, where p and q are prime.
			//
			var safePrimes = DHParametersHelper.GenerateSafePrimes(size, certainty, random);

			var p = safePrimes[0];
			var q = safePrimes[1];
			var g = DHParametersHelper.SelectGenerator(p, q, random);

			return new ElGamalParameters(p, g);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home / Monthly Blog / 3 Famous Aquamarine Pieces You Will Want to Know
3 Famous Aquamarine Pieces You Will Want to Know
Monthly Blog
aquamarine, aquamarinegemstone, beryl, brazilianaquamarine, emerald, famousjewelry, gems, gemstones, queenelizabeth, stones, theqeen
For all of you blue colour lovers out there, Aquamarine has that special something, its blue to blue-green ranging hues take our minds and memories to the sun-kissed waters of the sea & the purity, tranquillity & calm that these represent. Aquamarine – literally meaning water of the seas is the birthstone of those born in March & for good reason. It represents new beginnings, fresh starts, clear communication, truth & letting go. It is also believed to add a certain amiability to its beholders. No wonder it is a gem given in marriage or worn during litigation. The aquamarine colour is also notorious for finding its way into Spring/Summer collections globally, every year. It is recommended when traveling by, over, or near water to wear this gemstone for protection.
Aquamarine, like Emerald (from the same family) is a Beryl (mineral) found mainly in Brazil. Other countries know for aquamarine are Pakistan, Myanmar (Burma), Russia, China, Namibia, Mozambique, Zambia, Kenya, and the United States (Colorado and California).
Now that you know a little more about this "blue stone of the sea", here are 3 of the most famous jewelry pieces/ gemstones from Aquamarine:
Queen Elizabeth's Brazilian Tiara
The centre-stone of Queen Elizabeth's Tiara is a large aquamarine. This tiara has great symbolism as it was given to her as a present by the Brazilian president for her coronation in 1953! True to the stone's emblematic properties of representing new beginnings, the queen loved her new gift and has been seen wearing it on numerous occasions, even to this day!
The Dom Pedro Aquamarine
Maybe the most beautiful representation of aquamarine is the Dom Pedro obelisk masterpiece. It is the largest faced aquamarine gemstone in the world which is almost 36cm in length & a staggering 10363 carats. This stone was cut by the so-call "Picasso of Gems" Bernd Munsteiner and can be seen on display next to the Hope Diamond in the Smithsonian National Gem & Mineral Collection in Washington.
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt's Aquamarine
This stone was gifted to President Roosevelt's wife during their trip to Brazil in the time following the second presidential election in 1936. The stone was the largest cut aquamarine piece at the time and part of the Brazilian President Getúlio Vargas private collection. It is a whopping 1298 carats & was part of a larger rough stone weighing over 1,3kg which was cut in Amsterdam, giving the beautiful piece seen below.
Happy Lunar New Year Gem Lovers!
What Jewelry To Wear In Spring 2018
2 thoughts on "3 Famous Aquamarine Pieces You Will Want to Know"
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The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the late 15th to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that is usually regarded as beginning in Italy in the late 14th century. Like most of northern Europe, England saw little of these developments until more than a century later. The beginning of the English Renaissance is often taken, as a convenience, to be 1485, when the Battle of Bosworth Field ended the Wars of the Roses and inaugurated the Tudor Dynasty. Renaissance style and ideas, however, were slow to penetrate England, and the Elizabethan era in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height of the English Renaissance.
The English Renaissance is different from the Italian Renaissance in several ways. The dominant art forms of the English Renaissance were literature and music. Visual arts in the English Renaissance were much less significant than in the Italian Renaissance. The English period began far later than the Italian, which is usually considered to begin in the late 14th century, and was moving into Mannerism and the Baroque by the 1550s or earlier. In contrast, the English Renaissance can only be said to begin, shakily, in the 1520s, and continued until perhaps 1620.
England had a strong tradition of literature in the English vernacular, which gradually increased as English use of the printing press became common by the mid 16th century. By the time of Elizabethan literature a vigorous literary culture in both drama and poetry included poets such as Edmund Spenser, whose verse epic The Faerie Queene had a strong influence on English literature but was eventually overshadowed by the lyrics of William Shakespeare, Thomas Wyatt and others. Typically, the works of these playwrights and poets circulated in manuscript form for some time before they were published, and above all the plays of English Renaissance theatre were the outstanding legacy of the period.
The English theatre scene, which performed both for the court and nobility in private performances, and a very wide public in the theatres, was the most crowded in Europe, with a host of other playwrights as well as the giant figures of Christopher Marlowe, Shakespeare and Ben Jonson. Elizabeth herself was a product of Renaissance humanism trained by Roger Ascham, and wrote occasional poems such as On Monsieur's Departure at critical moments of her life. Philosophers and intellectuals included Thomas More and Francis Bacon. All the 16th century Tudor monarchs were highly educated, as was much of the nobility, and Italian literature had a considerable following, providing the sources for many of Shakespeare's plays. English thought advanced towards modern science with the Baconian Method, a forerunner of the Scientific Method. The language of the Book of Common Prayer, first published in 1549, and at the end of the period the Authorised Version ("King James Version" to Americans) of the Bible (1611) had enduring impacts on the English consciousness.
Historians have also begun to consider the word "Renaissance" as an unnecessarily loaded word that implies an unambiguously positive "rebirth" from the supposedly more primitive Middle Ages. Some historians have asked the question "a renaissance for whom?," pointing out, for example, that the status of women in society arguably declined during the Renaissance. Many historians and cultural historians now prefer to use the term "early modern" for this period, a term that highlights the period as a transitional one that led to the modern world, but attempts to avoid positive or negative connotations.
Other cultural historians have countered that, regardless of whether the name "renaissance" is apt, there was undeniably an artistic flowering in England under the Tudor monarchs, culminating in Shakespeare and his contemporaries.


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Hennepin County Attorney > News > No charges will be filed in the death of Amir Locke
No charges will be filed in the death of Amir Locke
Wednesday,
Hennepin County Attorney Michael Freeman and Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison announced today that they are declining to file criminal charges in the death of Amir Locke.
Amir Locke's life mattered. He was a young man with plans to move to Dallas, where he would be closer to his mom and — he hoped — build a career as a hip-hop artist, following in the musical footsteps of his father.
He should be alive today, and his death is a tragedy. Amir Locke was not a suspect in the underlying Saint Paul criminal investigation nor was he named in the search warrants. Amir Locke is a victim. This tragedy may not have occurred absent the no-knock warrant used in this case. County Attorney Freeman and Attorney General Ellison met with the Locke family this morning and once again send their deepest condolences to them during this incredibly difficult time.
After a thorough review of all available evidence, however, there is insufficient admissible evidence to file criminal charges in this case. Specifically, the State would be unable to disprove beyond a reasonable doubt any of the elements of Minnesota's use-of-deadly-force statute that authorizes the use of force by Officer Hanneman. Nor would the State be able to prove beyond a reasonable doubt a criminal charge against any other officer involved in the decision-making that led to the death of Amir Locke.
A joint report of the Hennepin County Attorney's Office and Minnesota Attorney General's Office, as well as an expert report and some frequently asked questions, are available on the Hennepin County Attorney's Office and Minnesota Attorney General's websites. Additional investigative materials are available on the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension's website.
Below is a brief statement of the facts and law which led to the decision in this case:
On February 2, 2022, around 6:47 a.m., at the request of Saint Paul Police, a Minneapolis SWAT team executed a no-knock search warrant on an apartment unit in downtown Minneapolis. Police body-worn camera video shows that nine officers entered the apartment unit, each announcing "police, search warrant" as they entered. Video shows an individual, who we now know was Amir Locke, looking over the back of a couch at the officers before ducking down and beginning to move around under a blanket as the officers continued into the apartment. Video shows that officers yelled additional overlapping commands such as "show your hands" and "get on the ground" as they entered the apartment. Video shows Mr. Locke under the blanket holding a firearm that was initially held parallel to the ground before being dropped to about a 45-degree angle, then being raised again in the direction of Officer Hanneman. Officer Hanneman then fired three shots, killing Mr. Locke.
Minnesota law authorizes peace officers to use deadly force while in the line of duty. This law is rooted in United States Supreme Court precedent. Under Minnesota Statute section 609.066, deadly force may be used only if an objectively reasonable officer would believe, based on the totality of the circumstances known to the officer at the time and without the benefit of hindsight, that such force was necessary to protect the peace officer or another from death or great bodily harm. Under this provision of Minnesota law, for a peace officer's use of deadly force to be authorized, there must be, at minimum, a threat of death or great bodily harm which: 1) can be articulated with specificity; 2) is reasonably likely to occur absent action by the law enforcement officer; and 3) must be addressed through the use of deadly force without reasonable delay. The law does not allow for consideration of the victim's subjective intent. In evaluating whether or not the use of deadly force is authorized, the law requires us to evaluate the totality of the circumstances from the perspective of a reasonable officer in a similar situation.
With this legal standard in mind, after entering the apartment on a judicially authorized search warrant, the officers encountered an individual unknown to them, later identified as Amir Locke, who was moving around under a blanket and held out a firearm that was pointed in the direction of at least one officer. This constitutes a specifically articulable threat. Officer Hanneman perceived that Mr. Locke's movements and production of a firearm presented a threat of death or great bodily harm that was reasonably likely to occur and to which the officers had to respond without delay. The totality of the circumstances known to Officer Hanneman and the other officers at the time included that: 1) they were conducting a search warrant related to a homicide in which high-powered rounds had been used; 2) the suspects remained at large; 3) the suspects were known to possess firearms and engage in violent conduct; and 4) an unidentified individual was holding a firearm pointed in the direction of at least one officer with others present. These circumstances are such that an objectively reasonable officer in Officer Hanneman's position would have perceived an immediate threat of death or great bodily harm that was reasonably likely to occur, and an objectively reasonable officer would not delay in using deadly force.
In reaching a decision about whether to file criminal charges in this case, it was not the role of our offices to evaluate whether the decision to seek a no-knock warrant was appropriate. It was our role to review whether there is sufficient admissible evidence to support a criminal charge. We have an ethical obligation as prosecutors to only bring criminal charges which are supported by sufficient admissible evidence to sustain a conviction. Under current law – and as awful as the circumstances of this tragedy are — there is not sufficient admissible evidence to support a criminal charge.
The Hennepin County Attorney's Office and Minnesota Attorney General's Office previously collaborated on the successful prosecutions of law enforcement officers, and this collaboration has been vital to the decision-making process in this case. Our offices would like to thank the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension for their thorough investigation. We also express our appreciation to retired Captain John "Jack" Ryan, the police practices expert we retained, who conducted a review of the evidence. He independently concluded that Officer Hanneman did not act unreasonably. When previously consulted, Captain Ryan has, at times, been extremely critical of the Minneapolis Police Department and has not hesitated to find fault when officers or the Department did not act reasonably.
Any time law enforcement interacts with the public, all parties should be able to go home safely. No-knock warrants are highly risky and pose significant dangers to both law enforcement and the public, including to individuals who are not involved in any criminal activity. The fact that it is standard practice for paramedics to stand by at the scene when no-knock warrants are executed speaks to the foreseeably violent nature of this law enforcement tool. Local, state, and federal policy makers should seriously weigh the benefits of no-knock warrants, which are dangerous for both law enforcement and the public alike. Other cities, like Saint Paul, and some states, have ended the use of no-knock warrants entirely.
Once again, we again express our deepest condolences to the Locke family for their immense loss. Nobody should have to lose a loved one like this. Our thoughts are also with our community members who were hurt and traumatized by Mr. Locke's death. We join them in not wanting to see even one more tragic death like this.
Joint Report (PDF)
Expert Report (PDF)
Expert CV (PDF)
The investigative materials are available on the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension website.


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text:
Commentary. With equal nonchalance, he attacks Saturday Night Live and the existential threat of climate change.
Time's man of the year ushers in a new normal
written by Luca Celada
Topic U.S. Politics
Also filed under commentary
"I didn't divide 'em. We're going to put it back together." This was Donald Trump's reaction to the sarcastic title conferred by the editors of Time magazine ("President of the Divided States of America"). This comment summarizes the mixture of impudence and brazen self-assurance that characterizes Trump. He hailed the news weekly's recognition of him as person of the year, "for better or for worse," as a "tremendous honor."
This is the new normal of Trump's again-great America. It is difficult to overestimate the devastating potential of a Trump government, an executive populism adopting fake news as a new political norm. In Trump's daily blender, the sacred and profane are mixed. With equal nonchalance he attacks the satire of Saturday Night Live or the climate change that threatens the planet. This new formula has pushed the institutions out, paralyzed before the enormous conflict of interest.
His supporters love to point out the disruptive and innovative strength of the anti-system trumpism. But for many others — namely, the majority that voted against him (2.7 million votes and counting) — Trump's style evokes the sinister era of American fascism, characterized by xenophobic and McCarthist drifts.
Following Mussolini style, Trump moves from his ivory tower, where he organizes an army of billionaires, to the arenas where he articulates his "popular movement" emotionally. The skyscraper builder, who owns factories in China, says: "I represent the workers of the world. And they love me and I love them." The paradox is the overwhelming number of times he alternates militarism and isolationism, profiteering and protectionism, waiting to put them to improbable tests.
Meanwhile, the show goes on, with Fox's special program entrusted to Harvey Levin, the dean of trash television, with whom he led an "imperial kitsch tour" of his gilded apartments in Trump Tower. It is a Berlusconian glimpse of boorishness elevated to a court representation. It is the ethics and aesthetics of a narcissistic Autarch. Or is he something new? An aberrant anomaly that promises in many ways to test the American experiment?
The question, in this "post-ideological" universe, is of great interest to the rest of the world. Quoting Time magazine, it is politics conceived as entertainment, with protagonists, antagonists and suspense. But the script, as Trump likes to repeat — without reassuring anyone — has not been written yet.
Your weekly briefing of progressive news.
Luca Celada
Originally published in Italian on December 8, 2016http://ilmanifesto.info/il-new-normal-delluomo-dellanno-del-time/


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UGA-Vanderbilt football game postponed. Here's what we know
Georgia's scheduled final regular season home game Saturday against Vanderbilt was postponed Friday. The game is rescheduled for Dec. 19 if the Bulldogs aren't playing in the SEC championship game.
The SEC also announced later Friday that the rescheduled game at Missouri is now set for Dec. 12. That became clear after the Vanderbilt game was scheduled for a week later.
More:2020 UGA football schedule, kickoff times and TV channels
The Commodores had dealt with issues with roster numbers because of injuries, opt-outs and COVID-19 tests. The team was scheduled to travel by bus to Georgia on Friday morning.
"Due to the Vanderbilt football squad size and position availability falling below roster minimum requirements, Saturday's game at Georgia has been postponed to Dec. 19, consistent with Southeastern Conference COVID-19 protocols," Vanderbilt said. "The lack of available players stems from circumstances surrounding COVID-19, injuries and opt-outs."
More:UGA interim AD Josh Brooks aims to be in role for long haul. 'I feel ready, and I feel confident for this responsibility'
Georgia athletic director Greg McGarity learned of the postponement about an hour before the SEC's 12:30 p.m. announcement.
"Just extremely disappointed and frustrated," McGarity said. "Frustrated because of the effort that our team and our coaches have done to prevent the spread of the virus. Our young men and coaches have sacrificed to follow the guidelines, and it's almost unfair that they've done everything right and have not benefited other than being healthy from a competitive standpoint. It's just so disappointing."
If Florida doesn't win the SEC East and Georgia goes to the league title game, the Vanderbilt at Georgia game would be declared a no-contest and Georgia would represent the Eastern Division in the SEC title game.
Florida (7-1) can clinch the SEC East on Saturday with a win over Tennessee.
Georgia (6-2) and Missouri were scheduled to play on Nov. 14, but the game was postponed on the Wednesday of that game week due to the Tigers falling short of meeting SEC minimum roster requirements under COVID-19.
The Tigers have won their last two games and are 4-3 entering a home game Saturday against Arkansas.
The Vanderbilt game was to serve as Georgia's Senior Day.
"Our program is an example of adhering to the protocol as directed," McGarity said. "We've been very disciplined and people have made tremendous sacrifices when others haven't. That's what's been so frustrating."
This is the second Georgia game to be postponed. A game with Kentucky was pushed back a week to Oct. 31 as the SEC moved games around because of COVID-19 issues on other teams.
As for the possible Dec. 19 game, McGarity said: "Vandy needs to be healthy then."
More:Sarah Fuller's historic moment inspires UGA athletic figures. 'I was getting goosebumps'


Insurance companies have been given a stark warning to "get their house in order" in an MPs' report urging them to end practices said to encourage fraud and exaggeration in whiplash injury cases.
The report from the House of Commons Transport Committee suggested ministers should consider reducing the limitation period for road accident car insurance claims and should also require whiplash claimants to produce more supporting evidence.
However, the report stressed that genuine claimants should not be demonised, and that the general perception that the UK is the "whiplash capital of the world" could not be proved or disproved.
The report also warned that access to justice could be impaired by Government proposals to switch whiplash claims between £1,000 and £5,000 to the small claims court, particularly for people who do not feel confident to represent themselves against insurers who will use legal professionals to contest claims.
The use of the small claims track could also prove counterproductive in efforts to discourage fraudulent and exaggerated claims as expert evidence is not generally submitted.
MPs said in the report: "We were surprised to hear that insurers will sometimes make an offer to personal injury claimants even before a medical report has been received.
"We also note that our previous recommendation on making the links between insurers and other parties involved with claims more transparent has been ignored."


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Q: Execute Rack Middleware for Specific Routes in Rails I'm integrating a 3rd party API, and at one step they post JSON data into our server.
The content type is application/json, but the payload is actually gzipped. Due to the content type, rails is throwing an ActionDispatch::ParamsParser::ParseError exception when trying to parse the data.
I plan to write a rack middleware to catch the exception and try and uncompress the payload, but I only want to do it for that particular  action, is there a way to execute the middleware only for specific routes?
Update
I'd already thought about pattern matching the path, but ideally I'd like something that is a little more robust in case paths change in the future.
Update
The issue regarding compression is better approached by matt's comment below, and the routing is answered in another question that this is now marked a duplicate of.

A: You can easily to do a regex match on the path, and only execute uncompress code when the path matches. In this case, you are not skipping the middleware for all other routes, but processing the check should be very lightweight. Place this in lib/middleware/custom_middleware.rb:
class CustomMiddleware
  def initialize(app)
    @app = app
  end

  def call(env)
    @req = Rack::Request.new(env)

    if should_use_this?
      # Your custom code goes here.
    end
  end

  def should_use_this?
    @req.path =~ /^matchable_path/ # Replace "matchable_path" with the path in question.
  end

end

Then put the following in your config/environments/production.rb
config.middleware.use "CustomMiddleware"


This is the CE271A CYAN toner for the HP CLJ CP5525 / M750 series printer. Toner reading between 98% and 100% FULL.
These are new pull removed from new printers and will be brown boxed.
Toner seal dams are not be present and some minor spillage of toner may occur from shipping.


This is an essential read for anyone interested in the way language is used in the world of politics. Based on Aristotle's premise that we are all political animals, able to use language to pursue our own ends, the book uses the theoretical framework of linguistics to explore the ways in which we think and behave politically. Contemporary and high profile case studies of politicians and other speakers are used, including an examination of the dangerous influence of a politician's words on the defendants in the Stephen Lawrence murder trial.
International in its perspective, Analysing Political Discourse also considers the changing landscape of political language post-September 11, including the increasing use of religious imagery in the political discourse of, amongst others, George Bush.
Written in a lively and engaging style, this book provides an essential introduction to political discourse analysis.


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Julie Kocsis, Contributor
Rock Critic and General Music Enthusiast
Andrew Bird Gets Serious
04/05/2016 03:48 pm ET Updated Apr 06, 2017
To some, falling in love, getting married, and having a baby might mean slowing down and taking a break professionally. However, to Andrew Bird, it appeared to have the reverse effect, inspiring many of the tracks on his new release, Are You Serious, and launching an international tour.
When we last heard from him in 2015, Bird had released a fairly out-there, instrumental album (Echolocations: Canyon) that was recorded in, you guessed it, an actual canyon in Utah. Prior to that, fans (Birdheads?) were treated to the more folky and countrified Things Are Really Great Here, Sort Of... (2014) and Hands of Glory (2012) albums. Though we still got those trademark Bird swelling violin strings and an impressive wall-of-sound effect from using his looping pedal, he was also plucking and strumming his violin, giving his music an old-timey country feel. He added some snare, a thumping upright bass, and backing vocals to occasionally harmonize with (including Tift Merritt, a wildly talented singer in her own right).
On past albums, his lyrics tended to be more than a bit verbose, erudite, and cryptic. Let's take his song "Tenuousness" as a random example: "Tenuousness, less seven comes to three/Them, you, us plus eleven comes just shy of infinity/And as for those who live and die from numerology." Sure Andrew, whatever you say.
On his new album, this changes, as is bound to happen when your personal life does a bit of a 180. On Are You Serious, Bird comes about as close to making a rock record as he probably ever will. Though Highway to Hell it is not, as Bird's trademark violin and languid vocals are still front and center. This time guitar and drums are added and a few tracks might even be described as "danceable." The biggest departure is in the lyrics department. No longer will you be wondering "What in the world is that boy babbling about now?!," because he'll actually, straight-up tell you.
"Valleys of the Young," one of the strongest tracks lyrically, expresses how much changed for he and his wife once they had their first child. "Do you need a reason we should commit treason and bring into this world a son?/And leave the valleys of the young...of brunch and tedium./Where your friends will become strange to you just as you will become strange to them, and live across a great divide." To many parents I'm sure (I wouldn't know personally, as I am still among the "brunch and tedium" group), these lyrics are relatable, yet not even an ounce clichéd.
"I didn't want it to be the Andrew-Bird-grows-up song that only people who have gone through this will relate to," Bird explains of "Valleys" in a recent interview on NPR. "You want it to hit everybody, so I think the music had to really be somewhat brutal and grab you and make you pay attention." With its controlled melodies and rock instruments used, it does just that.
On the album's debut single, "Left Handed Kisses," another strong track, Bird duets with Fiona Apple. Though he has been performing this song live for a while now, this is the best I've heard it sound. Trading off on vocal duties, line by line, Apple's weathered, husky voice pairs perfectly with Andrew's more pure sound, to create a song that I could easily listen to over and over on repeat.
"The New Saint Jude" showcases a much looser side to Bird, both in sound quality (you can hear a bit of raspiness in the mic as he sings) and in the lyrics ("Ever since I gave up hope, I've been feeling so much better"). "Roma Fade," a song that Bird jokes could be about him stalking someone, is apparently actually about seeing his future wife for the first time from across the room ("Know someone's watching you, watching me watching you... you may not know me, but you feel my stare"). Creepiness aside, it has a wonderfully bouncy, catchy, pop quality to it, and is a must-listen track. "Puma," another upbeat tune, really seems to capture the gleeful giddiness of someone in love.
Though I give this album high marks and encourage you to check it out, more so do I encourage you to see him live, as this is where he truly shines. Among his fans (a degree-in-English-holding, urban-dwelling, Sanders-voting, and let's be honest, pretty WASP-y group of people), the man is an absolute rockstar up on stage, when he's really into his music, wailin' on his 'lin. It's here that you fully realize what a special artist he is. He's one of the best live acts I've ever seen (and I just saw Springsteen live a couple weeks ago). However, if you're unable to get a ticket to one of his shows, listening to Are You Serious is a pretty darn good alternative!
This article was originally published here.


IRIS Consulting is a local boutique consulting firm. We help our clients uplift their Organization and People Capabilities to meet their most important goals. Since our establishment in 2012, we have assisted global, regional, and local leaders in various industries, including Retail, Consumer, Industrial, Energy, and Financial Services, in translating their visions into strategies as well as implementable solutions. And starting from Q1/2018, we are exciting to launch the additional client solutions including: Digital Talent Acquisition Solution, Digital Learning Solution, Organization Diagnostic to help our clients make significant and lasting impact even more.
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Client Exposures: Global/regional/local leaders in Financial services, Retail, Energy, and Industrial - our clients are all #1 in their respective industries.
Work Location: 50% at client offices and 50% at IRIS office.
Very quick & self-reliant learner, Detail oriented, High responsibility, Analytical thinking, Enthusiastic for all works - from CEO interviews to Operation staff work shadowing.
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A Human Capital Consultant will work in a learning-filled environment, participating as an integral member of project teams. You will provide quantitative and qualitative analytical support to senior consultants, drawing meaningful conclusions from client data. You also can expect to.
Manage team of consultants and project coordinator.
Help write and structure client presentations, including recommendations presented to HR leaders, senior management, executives and boards of directors.
Analyze clients' strategic and organizational information and model clients' financial and compensation data versus the market.
Conduct research and analysis to understand industry and organization-specific issues, including business strategy, compensation, and rewards, corporate performance and performance management.
Collect and examine data trends in client financial performance, pay practices and policies, and talent management, including performance management, succession planning, rewards, selection/recruiting and leadership/employee development.
Help clients achieve responsible executive remuneration by translating business strategies and shareholder expectations into performance measurement and talent management systems.
Develop project management and consulting skills, ultimately serving as day-to-day client contact for project areas including data requests and data management.
A Master degree in finance, economics, statistics, mathematics, human resources (HR) and/or accounting coursework preferred.
Business, finance, accounting, HR and/or economics internship experience preferred.
Strong analytical skills, both quantitative and qualitative, and a strong background in Excel.
Experience in data analysis, financial modeling and presentation design.
Excellent organizational, interpersonal, verbal and written communication skills.
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Flexibility, adaptability and the ability to work under tight deadlines or changing client needs.
Superior organizational skills and strong attention to detail.
PacRim Group is recognized as a market leader for people leadership, culture development and execution solutions in Thailand. We help organizations achieve results that require a change in human behaviors.
We are looking for dynamic engineering graduates who wants to progress to be people behavior change consultants after a stint of training and coaching will be working with our senior consultants to provide applicable solutions to our clients. Successful candidates be with a high degree of personal discipline, maturity. The persons must also have high discipline, able to interact well with people at all levels and passionate to work towards achieving their personal and team goals at the same time.
Coordinate with internal and external clients such as Business Unit Teams for the flawless execution of all digital application projects.
Ensure that all projects are delivered on-time and within scope.
Able to develop detailed project plan to monitor and track project performance, specifically to analyze the successful completion of short and long-term goals.
Systematic collection of data for compilation to be used as information for analysis against benchmarks and sharing lessons or best practices with other organizations or project managers.
Manage the relationship with the clients and all other stakeholders.
Both male and female, age 25-32 years old.
A Bachelor's or Master Degree in Computer Engineering and a stable work history background in process planning or execution.
A minimum 2-year experience working in coordination field experiences.
Good analytical and able to plan & solve problems.
Solid organizational skills including attention to detail and multitasking.
Willing to learn and embrace change constantly.
Strong verbal and written communications skills are essential especially in Thai, and good Successful candidates command of English.
PacRim Education an affiliate of PacRim Group (recognized market leader for people leadership, culture development and execution solutions in Thailand) is presently looking for a dynamic individual to join our education delivery team as a School facilitator.
The primary role of this education delivery facilitator is to learn how to teach and implement Franklin Covey's 21st-century transformational school model called "The Leader In Me" (TLIM) to school principals and teachers in order for them to transform their Thai schools.
Candidates must have a passion for working with school owners, principals, teachers and have a very high degree of personal discipline, patience, maturity and ability to interact well with people at all levels. Through intensive training, this individual will acquire the expertise to teach and execute PacRim's Education solutions and "The Leader In Me" school transformation process.
Both male and female, age 35-40 years old.
A minimum 7 year experiences in primary school as teachers and 2 years in supervisory experiences.
A Bachelor's degree or higher in Education field and a stable work history in teaching.
Candidate must possess integrity and righteousness.
Able to travel upcountry for 2-5 days consecutively and monthly.
Flexible and be able to work during weekends especially during school holidays.
Strong verbal and written communications skills are essential especially in English; must be able to create and deliver compelling presentations.
For our new venture in Thailand, we are currently looking to recruittalented Business Intelligence Consultantsthrough which we aspire to build a motivated team of professionals in Adastra s office in Thailand, eager to work for our international clients.
Analyze business and reports' requirements.
Translate the reporting requirements into data analysis and reporting solutions.
Analyze logical data models and create working frameworks with facts, attributes, hierarchies, metrics and relationships.
Design and develop reports utilizing MicroStrategy as a BI tool.
Build dashboards and help in the development of complex ad hoc queries and analysis.
Develop "time to resolution" reports to control data purity.
Advise clients on specific BI solutions according to their environment.
University degree in Computer Science or related numerate / quantitative subject.
2+ years of experience with one of the following BI tools - MicroStrategy, Oracle BIEE, Business Objects, SSRS or others.
Solid knowledge and experience with SQL and/or PL/SQL.
Understanding data warehouse architecture with a dimensional data model.
Interest and ability to learn new BI tools and technologies.
Capability to approach problems as challenges and deal with them constructively.
English language proficiency (spoken and written).
Schema Objects design using MicroStrategy Developer.
Public Objects creation: metrics, prompts, filters.
Dashboards and Documents Development through MicroStrategy Web.
เงินเดือน:ขึ้นอยู่กับประสบการณ์และความสามารถ + โบนัสตามผลงาน + ประกันสังคม + ประกันกลุ่มบริษัท.
ชาย อายุไม่เกิน 35 ปี จบปริญญาตรี (หรือสูงกว่า) ในสาขาวิชาวิศวกรรมคอมพิวเตอร์ (Computer Engineering) หรือสาขาที่เกี่ยวข้อง.
มีประสบการณ์ในการทำงานที่เกียวข้องกับระบบเครือข่ายคอมพิเวตอร์ (Network Engineer หรือ System Engineer) อย่างน้อย 3-5 ปี.
มีประกาศนียบัตร Cisco CCNP เป็นอย่างน้อย และมีประกาศนียบัตรอื่นๆทางด้าน IT เช่น HCIP, PCNSE, RHCE, MCSE, CISSP จะได้รับการพิจารณาเป็นพิเศษ.
สามารถใช้งาน Linux และเขียนโปรแกรมระดับพื้นฐาน โดยเฉพาะการใช้ Python ได้.
มีทักษะการในการสอน (Presentation Skill) และมีเทคนิคการสอนอย่างมืออาชีพ (Professional).
สามารถสื่อสาร พูดคุย อ่าน เขียน เป็นภาษาอังกฤษได้เป็นอย่างดี.
บริษัท วีโนฮาว (ประเทศไทย) จำกัด คือศูนย์ฝึกอบรมทางด้านไอทีและศูนย์สอบอย่างเป็นทางการ ให้บริการจัดฝึกอบรมของผู้ให้บริการหลักสูตรชั้นนำระดับโลกมากมาย อาทิเช่น Cisco Systems, Juniper Networks, Huawei, Salesforce, SUSE, Red Hat, CompTIA, VMware, Palo Alto Networks เป็นต้น นอกจากนี้ เรายังเปิดสอนหลักสูตรยอดนิยมอื่นๆ อย่างเช่น ITIL, Project Management, CISSP ตลอดจนหลักสูตร Soft Skills อืนๆอีกมากมาย คุณสามารถเข้าไปดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมได้จากเวปไซต์ของเราที่ www.vnohow.com.
หากคุณกำลังมองหา สถานที่ทำงานโลเคชั่นดีๆ ตั้งอยู่ใจกลางเมือง เดินทางสะดวกสบาย ด้วย BTS หรือ BRT บริษัทของเราตอบโจทย์แน่นอน บริษัท วีโนฮาว ตั้งอยู่เลขที่ 90/31 อาคารสาทร ธานี 1 ชั้น 12 ถนนสาทร สีลม บางรัก ตัวอาคารเชื่อมต่อกับ Skywalk แยกสาทร - นราธิวาส หรือ สะพานช่องนนทรี มีทางเชื่อมกับ BTS สถานีช่องนนทรี และ BRT สถานีสาทร สามารถเดินเข้าอาคารได้ทันที ช่วยให้คุณเดินทางมาทำงานได้อย่างสะดวกสบาย ประหยัดทั้งเวลาและค่าใช้จ่ายในการเดินทางอีกด้วย.
You are conversation starters, network builders, and over-all go getter. Highly driven and motivated for selling and providing excellent service in support of the team revenue goals.
Why You'll Love This Job.
Be part of fastest growing ad-tech marketing group in Asia, FreakOut.
Learning new technology by doing it.
Independently build and manage a large pipeline of leads and consistently close new business to meet or exceed revenue goals.
Understand digital technology and revenue ecosystem and be able to explain product benefits within this context and relevance.
Build presentations, proposals and negotiate contracts.
Manage client expectations to foster long-term partnerships and maintain high retention rates.
A minimum of 1 years of sales with a revenue focus and drive to learn (digital media experience is a plus).
Proven communication, presentation, phone etiquette and general sales skills.
Ability to quickly absorb product information and relay value propositions to prospects and clients.
Detail oriented and analytical sales person to build and maintain sales funnel and optimize sales process.
Strong analytical skills to collect business intelligence by conversing with clients and monitoring/ identifying trends in data and generated reports.
The will and ability to work in a fast-paced, ever-evolving environment and learn, learn, learn.
Design, develop and Implement various process improvement tools and techniques including Workflow, Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning (ML) to meet end-to-end business requirements.
Explore, identify and test new innovative technology or solution for process re-engineering/digitization/automation or able to come up with a revolutionize idea.
Create and maintain throughout the project life-cycle, the Solution Design Document (SDD) including detailed RPA solution process flows, process and technical specification.
Create and document test procedures and scenarios for user acceptance test.
Defines and plans the development approach for larger projects/solutions through smaller developments using object-oriented design skills.
Work in a project based organization to deliver within defined project plan and constraints, as well as communicating any identified project risks and issues to project manager.
Support in the creation and ongoing refinement of an appropriately tailored Framework that provides the optimum platform for rapid and repeatable delivery of processes improvement within the company.
Schedule, scale and balance load of the developed solution to meet agreed SLAs with business units.
Investigate and conduct detailed analysis of RPA Incidents and process exceptions by applying a strategic approach to root cause analysis.
Ensure the completeness, effectiveness, and sustainability for the implementation of proposed appropriate solution.
Coach and develop project team members.
Bachelor's degree or higher in Computer Science/Industrial Engineering/IT/Computer Engineering/Finance or related fields of study.
A minimum of 2 years experiences for developer role, and a minimum of 5 year experience for lead developer role.
Business process improvement and mapping skills (e.g. in MS Visio, ARIS) is highly beneficial.
Knowledge of project management, agile methodology and/or experience working in project environment is highly beneficial.
Good academic performance and co-curricular activities.
Good analytical and systematic problem solving skills.
Ability to focus on the core fundamental of the problem and determine to progress toward the optimal solution without deviating or losing focus.
Strong drive to get the job done.
Good prioritization skills in line with business objective.
Proficient written and verbal communication skills in both English and Thai.
Strong interpersonal skills, able to work well in team environment as well as independently.
As part of Pomelo Fashion Production Operation Department, the Production Operation Analyst position must have the capability to analyze the companys operation process, which includes manufacturing, production planning, sourcing & negotiation, logistics and distribution to develop the best strategies to increase efficiency, and productivity. They will be based in Bangkok, Thailand and will be traveling across Shenzhen, China. Furthermore, they will work with the engineering team to create an innovative software program that will manage and run the manufacturing process, which includes tracking the process and creating reports and metrics. The individual must have the ability to multitask, troubleshoot, make concise recommendations, and implement timely solutions within the business.
Analyze and develop improvements in the production/operation process.
Develop problem solutions by describing requirements in a work-flow chart and diagram; studying operation capabilities; analyzing alternative solutions to implant a suitable operational process along with computer-driven software program specifications.
Capable to Identify specific outputs that are required to create reports and metrics for better production outputs and management.
Prepare, analyze, monitor and report on performance metrics.
Monitor and manage computer programs and process that run the backend of production operation flow; maintaining system integrity and security.
Ensuring data accuracy and develop new computer software tools and processes to effectively communicate information, outputs, and reports.
Assist in developing and improving technical skills to perform analysis quickly and efficiently.
Monitor and analyze report and documentation on project progress while also using computer software to identify a better process.
Define project scopes, goals and deliverables.
Identify, report and resolve any outstanding issues during the production process.
Monitor and coordinate activities throughout the entire stage of production.
Continuously improve key production operation projects and processes which include assisting in current and future projects especially Sample Room, Sample Library, Block-Sizing Library, warehouse, factories and furthermore.
At least Bachelor Degree of Industrial, Engineering or related field.
1-2 years of experience in Production Operation would be a plus.
Experience to gain knowledge of the fashion industry and to gain a solid understanding of how the production process works.
Strong communication and presentation skills, experience using Microsoft Office suites (Excel, PowerPoint, Word).
Detail and process-driven to achieve goals.
Pomelo is the leading online fashion company in Emerging Asia. Backed by fashion and technology investors from across the world, Pomelo brings its unique fast fashion style to Emerging Asia through a technology-driven, vertically-integrated design and production model. Our growth strategy is to merge our online focus of mobile and social with the latest trends and data.
Experiences in legal advice providing, agreements drafting/reviewing/negotiating (i.e. commercial, M&A, SPA, SHA, loan agreement etc.), legal deal structuring, business presence set up in Asian Region.
Able to act quickly, accurately, credibly and decisively under often stressful and critical circumstances as the guardian of the Company's' interests.
Pomelo is looking for a Customer Service Associate. You will be working closely with our Customer Service team to improve the service & quality provided to the customer and also maintain the standard for long term success.
High impact role in a fast growing startup, with room to grow.
Pomelo is looking for a Customer Service Associate. You will be working closely with our Customer Service team to improve the service & quality provided to the customer and also maintain the standard for long-term success. You are required to supervise the team and report to the Regional Customer Service Supervisor.
Interact with customers and provide customer care via Social Media, Live Chat, E-mail and Phone Call.
At least 1-year working experience in a customer service related function.
Be able to work in shift time, day off and public holidays.
Good command of speaking and written in English and Thai.
Be able to work immediately is preferred.


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The health of animals and humans are intrinsically linked. Addressing animal diseases can directly improve human health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Livestock also indirectly contribute to health goals by supporting better livelihoods and therefore better dietary, educational and health choices.
Controlling zoonotic diseases, for example, through comprehensive vaccination, has good returns on investments and important zoonotic diseases have been controlled in high-income countries. Control interventions should prioritize the pathogens in the animal hosts.
Controlling and mitigating the risk of emerging infectious diseases requires increased investment in surveillance, diagnostics and vaccines and in research on transmission mechanisms and their mitigation.
Food-borne diseases
Although the large health burden of food-borne diseases is known, in low- and middle-income countries, investments in food safety are a fraction of the investments in comparable health problems and much of this goes to export control, where the burden is least.
Policymakers need better information on the human and economic costs of foodborne diseases in low- and middle-income countries and on investment options for their control. More resources available at the global level should be channelled to the low- and middle-income countries that bear the largest food-borne disease burden.
Current food safety regulations and standards in low- and middle-income countries should be risk- and evidence-based rather than rule-based. The private sector should also be encouraged to help improve food safety and ensure stakeholder accountability.
Much larger quantities of antimicrobials, such as antibiotics, are used in animal production than in human health and their use is growing rapidly in emerging economies. Research investments are needed on how, and to what extent, drug-resistant pathogens from antimicrobial use in animal agriculture move to human populations.
The current push to ban use of antimicrobials arises from a 'precautionary principle' approach. It is important to ensure that food safety is not endangered by overzealous reductions in antimicrobial use that will reduce livestock production. Additional research is needed to understand how to best balance these risks.
Vish Nene
Director, Vaccine Biosciences (ILVAC) - Program Leaderv.nene@cgiar.org
Delia Grace
Co-Leader, Animal and Human Healthd.grace@cgiar.org
Health Product lines
Human nutrition and livestock
Digital platform for farmer feedback
Zoonoses control
Saving livestock with vaccines
Safe food, fair food
Healthy livestock
DNA sequencing of indigenous African cattle reveals vital clues to increasing productivity
Since their introduction to Africa thousands of years ago from the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent, cattle breeds have gradually adapted to cope with hugely varying environments, from the Sahelian desert to the subhumid tropical forests. These cattle are important sources of meat, milk, traction and manure across the continent. With rapid population growth and a rising urban middle class, they will become even more significant as demand for meat and milk is expected to more than double in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2030. Identifying the genetic basis underlying heat tolerance and...
Partnerships to increase pig production in Uganda
Livestock is the world's fastest-growing, highest-value agricultural subsector, accounting for about 40% of agricultural gross domestic product globally. Driven by rising incomes, demand for animal-source foods in Africa and Asia is expected to increase up to 200% by 2030. Efficient crop and livestock production and natural resource use will drive employment, environmental, nutrition and income gains in a subsector likely to be dominated by smallholders. In 2012, the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish began working in nine countries to increase access to animal-source foods by the...
Translating food safety research into policy action in Vietnam
The agri-food sector, particularly livestock, plays an important role in the economy, livelihoods and nutritional security of Vietnamese people. Regular consumption of pork makes it an integral part of Vietnam's diverse and rich culinary tradition. Typically eaten daily with steamed rice and vegetables, pork is an affordable as well as favourite protein source, accounting for 40% of household expenditure and 75% of the meat consumed. More than 83% of pork is produced by small-scale farmers and sold in traditional fresh-food markets, and 65% of rural households depend on pig farming for their...
Vaccinating farm animals helps drive up disposable incomes
Wide-scale vaccination of cattle against East Coast fever would remove one of the biggest obstacles facing smallholders and herders trying to increase their meat and milk productivity. Endemic in 12 countries in eastern, central and southern Africa, the disease, transmitted by parasite-infected ticks, causes annual losses estimated at more than USD300 million and more than one million cattle deaths. While the vaccine was developed in the 1970s by the now Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), recent research-for- development approaches have accelerated its uptake and...
Improving control of a chicken disease supports the livelihoods of Kenya's women
Women play critical roles in the small-scale livestock systems that remain ubiquitous in the developing world. While these women typically face severe inequities in being able to own or even access land, capital and other productive resources, they often own or at least manage their household's farm animals, particularly chickens and other small stock. Requiring little space and start-up capital, poultry farming in Kenya is growing rapidly and remains largely dominated by women, who typically invest most of their earnings in feeding their families and educating their children. That is why...
ILRI Projects on Health
Aug 2015Dec 2019
Zoonoses in livestock in Kenya
Continuing changes to livestock production systems in Kenya and elsewhere to satisfy increased demand for livestock products affect the risk of zoonoses and other infectious diseases. The most important changes are the commercialisation and intensification of what was previously subsistence farming...
Jan 2019Dec 2023
Boosting Uganda's investment in livestock development
In Uganda, around 70% of all households keep at least one kind of livestock (including poultry). Livestock production is primarily a family business, but only a fraction of the food produced is used for home consumption. Most of it is sold at local markets, which are mainly informal markets...
Sep 2018Aug 2021
MycoSafe-South: European–African partnership for safe and efficient use of mycotoxin mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa
The European–African partnership for safe and efficient use of mycotoxin mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa (MycoSafe-South) intends to harness the expertise and infrastructure available in Europe by strengthening the capacity of Southern partners to tackle the problem of mycotoxins and...
Publications on Health
Simulation of control scenarios of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in Nghe An Province in Vietnam
Gene expression profiling of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells after poly(I:C) stimulation
Strengthening capacities for improving human and animal health in Southeast Asia using a One Health approach
Livestock roles in addressing the Sustainable Development Goals
Preventing Haemonchosis
Preventing Fasciolosis (liver fluke)
ILRI News on Health
Ekta Patel
Sam Thevasagayam of the Gates Foundation receives the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons' 2019 International Award
Sam Thevasagayam, deputy director for global development at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Photo credit: ILRI/Susan MacMillan) Sri Lankan-born global animal health professional Sam Thevasagayam today received a top award from the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS), the 175-year-...
ILRI Asia blog
Chi Nguyen
The scourge of antibiotics in animal feed
(This post was written by Aisling Irwin and originally posted on http://www.scidev.net . Some research findings by the International Livestock Research Institute were picked up.) Antibiotics are routinely added to animal feed in poor nations, fuelling superbugs. But new solutions are emerging,...
AgHealth blog
Tezira Lore
Celebrating World Zoonoses Day with a focus on ILRI's research on zoonotic diseases
Taking sheep for disease testing in Bako, Ethiopia (photo credit: ILRI/Barbara Wieland). World Zoonoses Day is marked annually on 6 July to commemorate the day in 1885 when Louis Pasteur successfully administered the first vaccine against a zoonotic disease when he treated a young boy who had been...


The use of opioid alternatives in general anesthesia is safe, effective and substantially decreases post-operative nausea, according to research presented at the 2017 annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists.
Using those alternatives is part of an effort by TEAMHealth Anesthesia at Select Physicians Surgery Center in Tampa, Florida to reduce the use of opioids during and after surgery. The findings of their study of more than 1,000 patients at the facility suggest physician anesthesiologists are helping pave the way to promote pain management alternatives to opioids, and making headway in reducing the use of the addictive medications.
Opioids – usually fentanyl, an opioid 50 times more powerful than heroin – are typically included in the combination of medications given to patients for general anesthesia during surgery. In the study, 1,009 patients having head and neck surgery (including laryngoscopy, complex facial plastic surgery, middle ear surgery and nasal or sinus surgery) received general anesthesia without opioids. Instead, patients received various combinations of magnesium, sub-anesthetic ketamine, lidocaine and ketorolac, depending on the patient's age and health.
After surgery, 11 percent of patients experienced nausea, whereas 50 to 80 percent of patients typically suffer from nausea after surgery. Additionally, 64 percent of patients did not require any pain medication in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU).
Surgeons and patients expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the new anesthesia protocol and postoperative pain management.
The traditional use of fentanyl in general anesthesia can cause hyperalgesia, or increased sensitivity to pain, Samuels said.
Three of the 19 surgeons who participated in the study now prescribe patients daily oral magnesium, gabapentin and ibuprofen for pain management after surgery. They also prescribe five hydrocodone pills for any breakthrough pain. Previously, these surgeons prescribed 50 hydrocodone pills. The change to five pills will lead to 27,000 fewer prescribed hydrocodone pills in one year's time for these surgeons at their practice.
The researchers say they plan to study whether avoiding opioids during surgery and reducing opioid prescriptions after surgery leads to reduced opioid use and abuse.