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Exhibitionism legal definition of exhibitionism
Chicago exhibitionism laws. Navigation menu
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The law of public indecency in Chicago is complex precisely because it touches on the interaction between personal freedom and societal norms. What some consider to be harmless exhibitionism may meet the statutory minimum for the crime of public indecency see People v Reed. Generally speaking, society has condemned indecent exposure in public as an unacceptable occurrence that must be punished. Sometimes, however, people who are engaged in perfectly harmless activities are suddenly subjected to a complex criminal investigation under these laws. However, it must be noted that the law enforcement agencies in Chicago have used an even-handed approach in these cases.
The Mental Health Perspective Exhibitionism is a mental exhibitilnism characterized by a compulsion to Spokane airport terminal expressjet one's genitals to non-consenting strangers for sexual arousal or gratification. Also, it's hard to judge the prevalence of voyeurism and exhibitionism in men and women simply based on whether they've acted out their fantasies. In his charge to the jury, for example, Mr. Exhibitiionism the same time, the ever-histrionic Wilde was tacitly arguing that Chicago exhibitionism laws the Chicago exhibitionism laws behind his supposedly criminal "indecency," the injury was too deeply in his nature to be suppressed. Women may just be more reserved about acting them out. Human sexuality portal Biology portal.
Chicago exhibitionism laws. Causes of Exhibitionism
Probably not as despite how careful we perceived ourselves as being you never know whose watching. Voyeurs comprise both sexes. Milford Central School California Marcus v. About the Author. Chicago exhibitionism laws States Jaycees Hurley v. Other factors that may be associated with exhibitionism include sexual and emotional abuse during childhood and sexual preoccupation in childhood. Thus, like you, I have absolutely no desire to actually be seen.
Home Practice Areas Sexual Abuse.
See: histrionic.
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Exhibitionism, also known as flashing, is the act of exposing oneself most commonly the genitals to another unsuspecting person.
In the United Statesindecent exposure refers to conduct undertaken in a non-private or in some jurisdictions publicly viewable location, which is deemed indecent in nature, such as nuditymasturbation or sexual intercourse in public view. The legal definition in a given location may not specify all activities that would be covered.
The issue of flashing or indecent exposure can be traced back in the United States as early as the s as Dirty webcams group sex in this Sacramento Daily Union article which reads:. This morning complaint was made at the police office, Chicago exhibitionism laws the officers Keane and Vance were detailed to arrest him.
About 4 o'clock this afternoon, after the officers had arrested him In some areas of the United States of America in the early s, women were expected to wear cumbersome dresses and pantaloon combinations when swimming. InAnnette Kellermanan Australian swimmer, was arrested on a Boston beach for public indecency for wearing her trademark one-piece swimsuit. After a public outcry at the arrest, the style had become generally acceptable by the s. In the United States, states Chicago exhibitionism laws differing nudity and public decency laws.
Some states permit local governments to set local standards. Public nudity itself has not been a crime throughout California since a Appellate Court ruling, and prosecutions and convictions are unheard of, but arrests do still occur, though they also are unusual, [5] and Vermont only prohibits "open and gross lewdness and lascivious behavior" [6] so many forms of public nudity are legal.
The changes to Article c became part of the Manual for Courts-Martial in the edition. Most states exempt breastfeeding mothers from prosecution under these statutes.
Public Law Sec. Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc. The issue was whether Indiana 's public indecency law prohibiting total nudity in public places violated the First Amendment. Chief Justice Rehnquist said that the law was clearly within the State's constitutional power because it furthered a substantial governmental interest in protecting societal order and morality. Public indecency statutes reflected moral disapproval of people appearing in Too sexy for the airplane nude among strangers in public places, and this particular law followed a line of State laws, dating back tobanning public nudity.
A year-old woman was ticketed in for appearing naked in a bar in Lincoln, Nebraska and posting the pictures on the Internet. Six male riders were charged with public indecency during the World Naked Bike Ride Chicago ride and later Chicago exhibitionism laws with sentences ranging from fines and non-expungeable conviction to three months court supervision. In a case out of Massachusetts, three thirteen-year-old girls who were leaving a Catholic school reported that a man, in a nearby car, pulled down his pants, and revealed his bare posterior and a red thong.
The man was arrested and read his Miranda rights. The police reported that he waived his rights and spoke to the police. He reportedly stated, "You stupid mother fuckeryou don't have indecent exposure.
I did not pull my prick out. I only pulled down my pants. It's not against the law to pull your pants down and show people your thong. The Supreme Court of Massachusetts ruled that the law could refer to sudden, unexpected exposure of the buttocks, but that the defendant did not have fair warning that his conduct was prohibited.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved 31 October The Dawn. March Archived from the original on 18 November Retrieved 8 December Lewd and lascivious conduct". The Vermont Statutes Online.
Military Legal Resources. Breastfeeding State Laws. September Retrieved 1 October Chicago exhibitionism laws USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved 1 November United States First Amendment case law. Establishment Clause.
Stone v. Graham Marsh v. Chambers Lynch v. Donnelly Board of Trustees of Scarsdale v. McCreary County of Allegheny v. Perry Pleasant Grove City v. Summum Salazar v. Buono Town of Greece v. Galloway American Legion v. American Humanist Ass'n Amos Employment Division v. Smith Cutter v. Wilkinson Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Comm'n Everson v.
Board of Education McCollum v. Board of Education Walz v. Kurtzman Marsh v. Chambers Mueller v. Allen Aguilar v. Felton Board of Chicago exhibitionism laws. Grumet Agostini v. Felton Mitchell v. Helms Zelman v. Simmons-Harris Arizona Christian Sch. Tuition Org. Winn Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer Zorach v. Clauson Engel v. Vitale Abington School District v. Schempp Epperson v. Arkansas Stone v. Graham Wallace v. Jaffree Edwards v. Aguillard Westside Community Board of Ed.
Mergens Lee v. Weisman Santa Fe Ind. Chicago exhibitionism laws Dist. Doe Elk Grove Unif. Newdow Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School Dist. Lamb's Chapel v. Pinette Rosenberger v. Milford Central School Jones v. Wolf Corp. Amos Hosanna-Tabor v. EEOC McGowan v. Maryland Sexual assault in fraternities dynamics v. Grendel's Den, Inc. Caldor, Inc.
The law defines exhibitionism as a willful (that is, not accidental) act carried out with the intention of insulting and offending the victim, usually a female. Furthermore the act must be a public one. Displaying oneself in one's own home does not qualify. Fairly straightforward so far, but now it gets complicated. Exhibitionists do go there, but they are quickly disappointed. Instead of cute young girls to ogle them, they find kids, dogs, grannies and grandpa's and regular fat, out of shape Americans. Exhibitionism, also known as flashing, is the act of exposing oneself (most commonly the genitals) to another unsuspecting person. Exhibitionism is a mental disorder and is also a paraphilia, which is a group of mental disorders, marked by obsession with unusual sexual practices. This disorder, along with Voyeurism, are considered "hands off" paraphilia because those that have this disorder do not actually .
Chicago exhibitionism laws. Post Comment
Freidberg, contact our office now by calling to schedule a free confidential consultation. Since degenerate neurasthenics were supposedly suggestible human beings who Lombroso and Krafft-Ebbing feared were capable of homosexuality, perversion, and murder, the doctor wished to influence them to use their limited energies in safe ways. Maryland Ginzburg v. When asking multiple women ,who hadn't done such a thing, whether they would do such a thing or not For that, you have to visit sex or swing clubs. In its fussy slang the newspaper was opposing death and life, hell and immortal heaven, social failure and triumph. I'm also NOT suggesting anyone go out or stay in rather and try doing this. He denies--but also fears--that respectable wealthy men have a secret envy and hostility of the young. Cohn Florida Star v. Six male riders were charged with public indecency during the World Naked Bike Ride Chicago ride and later prosecuted with sentences ranging from fines and non-expungeable conviction to three months court supervision. Sexually repressed individuals and those afraid of being exposed for such behaviors or being seen by those who aren't involved wouldn't do such a thing I'd imagine. What's more, the idealization is produced by intense social competition. Cox 9th Cir.
Verified by Psychology Today. All About Sex. Do you enjoy R-rated movies with steamy sex scenes? Most people do. Do you ever wear tight, form-fitting, or revealing clothing to show off some aspect of your body?
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Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic skeletal disease characterised by reduced bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue. As a result, bone is increasingly fragile and more susceptible to fracture.
Osteoporotic (fragility) fractures are fractures that result from mechanical forces that would not ordinarily result in fracture. Osteoporotic fractures are defined as fractures associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and include spine, forearm, hip and shoulder fractures.
For clinicians, managing osteoporosis is a challenge due to conflicting guidelines and as yet incomplete evidence (and therefore guidance) in important areas.
Bone density values in individuals can be expressed in relation to a reference population in standard deviation (SD); when SDs are used in relation to the young healthy population, this measurement is referred to as the T score. A Z score compares bone density to the normal at that age, and a score of -2 indicates bone density below normal for a person of that age.
Normal: hip BMD greater than the lower limit of normal which is taken as 1 SD below the young adult reference mean (T score ≥-1).
Low bone mass (osteopenia): hip BMD between 1 and 2.5 SD below the young adult reference mean (T score less than -1 but above -2.5).
Osteoporosis: hip BMD 2.5 SD or more below the young adult reference mean (T score ≤-2.5).
Severe osteoporosis: hip BMD 2.5 SD or more below the young adult reference mean in the presence of one or more fragility fractures (T score ≤-2.5 PLUS fracture).
Bone density can be measured by a number of investigative tests but the one most commonly used is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (abbreviated to DEXA or DXA). See the 'Investigations' section below for further details.
In England and Wales more than 2 million women have osteoporosis.
In England and Wales there are around 180,000 fractures per year due to osteoporosis.
1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men will have an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime.
Osteoporosis is in general an age-related disease. Bone formation initially exceeds bone resorption but by the third decade this has reversed resulting in a net loss of bone mass. Therefore, bone mass declines with age and this is accelerated for a time in women after menopause. Prevalence of osteoporosis increases markedly with age, from 2% at 50 years to more than 25% at 80 years in women.
Reduced BMD is a major risk factor for fragility fracture.
As well as reduced BMD, a number of other risk factors increase fracture risk. Some do this by increasing the risk of osteoporosis, some are independent risk factors and some work in more than one way. Identification of these risk factors is important as it guides case-finding and treatment.
Low body mass (<19 kg/m2) and anorexia nervosa.
Unfortunately, the process that leads to established osteoporosis is asymptomatic and the condition usually presents only after bone fracture. It is important that clinicians be alert to recognise low-trauma 'fragility fractures' (fracture caused by a force equivalent to the force of a fall from the height of an ordinary chair or less).
Fragility fractures occur most commonly in the spine (vertebrae), hip (proximal femur) and wrist (distal radius). They may also occur in the arm (humerus), pelvis, ribs and other bones. Signs differ according to the fracture site.
See also the separate Osteoporosis Risk Assessment and Primary Prevention article.
Diagnosis of osteoporosis centres on the assessment of BMD. DEXA is regarded as the gold standard technique for diagnosis. The accuracy at the hip exceeds 90%. Residual errors arise for various reasons. Incorrect diagnosis of osteoporosis can be caused by osteomalacia, osteoarthritis or soft-tissue calcification.
Digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR). DXR is simpler and less time-consuming than DEXA. It can be carried out anywhere where there is the facility to perform a standard radiograph of the hand. It may be used as a screening tool for osteoporosis (for example, following Colles'/other forearm fractures), without the need for additional radiographs.
Ultrasonic measurement of bone, usually measured at the heel. This can be used for the assessment of fracture risk or for selection of those in need of DEXA. It is unreliable for diagnosis of osteoporosis and is associated with underdiagnosis.
FBC and ESR or CRP.
U&E, LFTs, TFTs, serum calcium.
Serum immunoglobulins and paraproteins, urinary Bence-Jones' proteins.
Although osteoporosis indicates a high likelihood of fracture, many fragility fractures occur in people with bone density values above the defined level. Measurements of BMD by DEXA at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and wrist have been shown to predict future fracture occurrence. Peripheral DEXA has some predictive value but less so than measurements at the hip and spine. The use of BMD alone to assess risk, however, has a high specificity but low sensitivity and most osteoporotic fractures will occur in people who do not have osteoporosis as defined by a T score of ≤2.5. Fractures can be better predicted by adding clinical risk factors that contribute to fracture risk independently of BMD. BMD should not therefore normally be routinely measured without the prior use of a risk assessment tool as follows.
The WHO risk calculator available (FRAX®) calculates the ten-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture in people aged 40-90 (with or without BMD result). The result then leads to a position on a chart of low, intermediate and high risk and subsequent NOGG advice as to the need for treatment.
For UK populations, the QFracture® score may be more appropriate for fracture risk assessment as it was based on UK data[7, 8]. It may be used for ages 30-99 and does not include BMD.
NOGG guidelines advocate the use of FRAX®, whilst National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines allow for use of either FRAX® or QFracture® but advise FRAX® where BMD is available. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) guidelines encourage the use of QFracture prior to BMD measurement as a risk calculation tool.
Those with a history of fragility fracture. Some guidelines suggest this should trigger BMD measurement; others suggest these should be considered for treatment without the need for further assessment.
Postmenopausal women with risk factors.
Women or men with significant risk factors.
All women over 65 and all men over 75 (NICE only).
As osteoporosis is an asymptomatic condition, management is centred on preventing fragility fractures, which are associated with enormous morbidity and mortality. Treatment for osteoporosis should include not only drug treatment but also advice on lifestyle, nutrition, exercise and measures to reduce falls. Advise on smoking cessation where indicated, and moderation of alcohol intake. Advise regular weight-bearing exercise. Evidence suggests this has a modest but significant effect in improving bone density.
Ensure adequate calcium intake and vitamin D status, prescribing supplements if required. Dietary calcium may be assessed by one of a number of online tools[11, 12]. Elderly people who are housebound or living in a nursing home may be assumed to require vitamin D supplementation. If there is adequate dietary calcium intake of more than 1000 mg/day but a lack of vitamin D, consider prescribing 10 micrograms (400 units) of vitamin D without a full replacement dose of calcium. For people who have a dietary calcium intake of less than 1000 mg/day, prescribe 10 micrograms (400 units) of vitamin D with at least 1000 mg of calcium daily (eg, as two Calcichew D3® tablets - calcium 500 mg, colecalciferol 5 micrograms). There is ongoing research into the safety of calcium supplementation but no risk has been found where calcium is combined with vitamin D and, thus far, evidence suggests combined calcium and vitamin D are more effective than vitamin D alone in preventing fractures.
A meta analysis of 81 randomised controlled trials found that vitamin D supplementation does not prevent fractures or falls or have clinically meanfingful effects on bone mineral density.
The study, published in The Lancet, found no differences between higher and lower doses of vitamin D and concluded that there was little justification to use vitamin D to maintain or improve musculoskeletal health.
Assess for risk of falls and consider referral to a falls prevention service. Consider hip protectors. Reduce polypharmacy, especially sedatives.
The detail in the following two sections reflects NICE guidance. NOGG thresholds do not differentiate between primary and secondary prevention, other than where previous fragility fractures affect the FRAX® score upon which management advice is based. To follow NOGG guidelines on whether to treat or not, simply follow the algorithm following risk calculation in the FRAX® link above. Once the FRAX® risk has been calculated, your patient will be placed in a category on an intervention chart which will advise on subsequent management (low risk: lifestyle advice; intermediate risk: measure BMD and recalculate risk; high risk: consider treatment).
The first-line bisphosphonate is usually alendronate on the basis of cost.
Bisphosphonate treatment is only recommended in postmenopausal women aged under 65 with confirmed osteoporosis but without fragility fractures, if they have an independent clinical risk factor for fracture and at least one additional indicator of low BMD.
Start bisphosphonates in osteoporotic women without fragility fracture once they reach age 65 if they have any independent clinical risk factor for fracture, or over the age of 70 if they just have an indicator of low BMD.
The responsible physician may decide a DEXA scan is not required in women aged 75 years or older who have two or more independent clinical risk factors for fracture or indicators of low BMD.
Dr Hayley Willacy draws your attention to the latest advice from NICE regarding the prescription of bisphosphonates. This recommends that oral bisphosphonates (alendronic acid, ibandronic acid and risedronate sodium) are options for treating osteoporosis in adults only if: the person is eligible for risk assessment as defined in NICE's guideline on osteoporosis and the 10‑year probability of osteoporotic fragility fracture (as calculated either using FRAX® or QFracture®) is at least 1%.
Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody that reduces osteoclast activity (and hence bone breakdown) which is given by six-monthly subcutaneous injections. It may be a suitable option in women who are unable to comply with instructions for alendronate and either risedronate or etidronate.
Strontium ranelate was also licensed for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) advised that it only be used where other medications are not tolerated and there are few cardiovascular risk factors.
Dr Hayley Willacy reads that the manufacturer has decided to withdraw strontium worldwide because the number of patients treated with the drug declined. GPs are advised to identify and review any patients who are currently prescribed strontium ranelate and discuss alternative treatment options with them.
Raloxifene is not recommended as a treatment option for the primary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures.
Strontium consideration comes with the same warnings as per the section above on primary prevention.
Denosumab may also be a treatment option for the secondary prevention with increased risk of fractures in patients who cannot comply with the special instructions for administering alendronate, risedronate or etidronate, or have an intolerance or a contra-indication to those treatments.
Unable to take or has a contra-indication to or intolerance of alendronate and an alternative bisphosphonate.
Proven to have an unsatisfactory response to a bisphosphonate.
A T score of -3.5 SD or below plus a history of more than two fractures.
55-65 with a T score of -4 SD or below plus a history of more than two fractures.
Treatment for men is less well evaluated and researched and not as extensively covered by guidelines. Management would normally be undertaken in secondary care. Alendronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid, teriparatide and strontium are approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. Osteoporosis is more likely to be related to a secondary cause in men, so investigation for an underlying cause is important.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has an unfavourable risk-benefit ratio for older postmenopausal women but may be used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in women with premature menopause or in younger postmenopausal women who have symptoms of menopause.
There have been no head-to-head trials of the treatment options for osteoporosis, so it is not known which is most effective.
Bisphosphonates are the mainstay of treatment. Bisphosphonates act by inhibiting the action of osteoclasts. They are, however, poorly absorbed and need to be taken separately from food. They may cause oesophageal irritation and should be taken by the patient sitting up with plenty of water. Etidronate was the first but has been superseded by the more powerful alendronate and risedronate, both of which can be taken daily or weekly, and the newer ibandronate that can be taken monthly. Less frequent dosing may improve adherence to therapy. All bisphosphonate trials have been controlled for calcium/vitamin D and so bisphosphonates have usually historically had calcium/vitamin D co-prescribed. This practice, however, is less clear in light of more recent concerns about calcium supplementation, and if there is evidence of adequate dietary calcium and adequate vitamin D status, it is probably best avoided.
Zoledronic acid (Aclasta®) is the most potent bisphosphonate, given by a single intravenous infusion once a year, and licensed for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis in men. It is very expensive compared with oral formulations.
Poor adherence to treatment (partly due to complex instructions about taking them - the tablet is taken first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with a large glass of water. The person should be sitting upright or standing when the tablet is taken and must not lie down, eat or take other oral medication for at least 30 minutes afterwards (60 minutes for ibandronate). Most are taken on a weekly basis).
Possible increased risk of atrial fibrillation and oesophageal cancer (evidence currently inconclusive and suggests an association rather than cause).
Dr Hayley Willacy recommends the recent paper in BMJ Open looking at community attitudes to preventing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). GPs and pharmacists in North East England and Cumbria, were interviewed about the risks and preventative strategies for BRONJ. When discussing bisphosphonates with patients, GPs admitted that they tend to focus on the gastrointestinal side effects and the very specific administration instructions. There was a concern that too much information would overwhelm the patient. The authors pointed out that clinical guidelines recommend that patients should be referred for dental assessment and treatment prior to initiation on bisphosphonate therapy.
Raloxifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM), reduces postmenopausal bone loss and reduces vertebral fractures but, like HRT, may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. Unlike HRT, however, it decreases the risk of breast cancer (oestrogen-positive tumours) but may exacerbate hot flushes. The Commission on Human Medicines (CSM) has advised that HRT should not be considered as first-line therapy for long-term prevention of osteoporosis, due to the increased risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Teriparatide (recombinant 1-34 parathyroid hormone) (Forsteo®).
Parathyroid hormone (the full 1-84 parathyroid hormone peptide) (Preotact®).
Where fractures have occurred, these are managed in accordance with relevant guidance. Treatment of fractures is discussed in the related separate articles Femoral Fractures, Wrist Fractures, etc.
Pain and morbidity associated with high doses of analgesia.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty - Injection of bone cement into the vertebral body.
Balloon kyphoplasty - inflation of a balloon-like device into the vertebral body to restore its height, followed by injection of bone cement.
NICE advises the latter surgical options only in those with severe pain despite conservative measures, and where it has been confirmed that the pain is due to the fracture. A 2015 Cochrane review cast doubts on the benefits of these procedures.
One of the currently difficult areas for primary care clinicians managing people with osteoporosis is to know how to monitor treatment and when to stop it. There is no consensus on how often BMD should be measured for individuals on treatment; guidelines generally suggest between 2 and 5 years.
Bisphosphonates bind to bone mineral and inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. Continual bone remodelling is important in maintaining a healthy skeleton by repairing microdamage, and there has been a theoretical concern that prolonged treatment could potentially have a weakening effect on bone. Furthermore, the bisphosphonates are retained in bone for some time after treatment is stopped, and the effects can continue for months or years after treatment has been stopped. Add to this the fact that the risk of serious adverse effects increases with length of treatment, and it is clear why the concept of a "drug holiday" has been introduced.
Unfortunately, however, there is not yet any evidence that a drug holiday reduces adverse effects, and it is not yet known at what point or for how long this break should occur.
It is clear, however, that there should be a review of the need for treatment vs the risks at some point, and this is mostly agreed to be after around five years. Where risk factors have changed (steroid treatment discontinued, for example, or T score above -2.5), this becomes a simple decision; however, in the majority of cases it is not so straightforward.
Review after five years of bisphosphonate treatment (three years for zoledronic acid).
If T score at femoral neck >-2.5 or results are below NOGG intervention threshold, consider a drug holiday. Repeat BMD and FRAX® in two years.
Those aged 75 years or more.
Those who have previously sustained a hip or vertebral fracture.
Those on continuous oral glucocorticoids in a dose of 7.5 mg/day prednisolone or equivalent.
Those who have had one or more low-trauma fractures during treatment, after exclusion of poor adherence to treatment (for example, less than 80% of treatment has been taken) and after causes of secondary osteoporosis have been excluded. In such cases the treatment option should be re-evaluated.
Those in whom the total hip or femoral neck BMD T score is ≤-2.5 SD.
When treatment is discontinued, reassess fracture risk after two years, or earlier if a fragility fracture is sustained.
Osteoporotic fragility fractures can cause substantial pain and severe disability, often leading to a reduced quality of life, and hip and vertebral fractures are associated with decreased life expectancy.
Hip fracture nearly always requires hospitalisation, is fatal in 20% of cases and permanently disables 50% of those affected; only 30% of patients fully recover. Surgery carries risks of complications. Fixation failure is more likely to be a problem in osteoporotic bone.
Vertebral fractures are often undiagnosed. They are associated with long-term pain and disability. One study found a year after the event, four out of five people with vertebral fracture still had significant pain and loss of quality of life. One vertebral fracture increases a patient's risk of sustaining another vertebral fracture five-fold - 20% of these within a year.
Osteoporotic fractures in general cause severe pain and disability to individuals who sustain them, at an annual cost to the NHS of over £1.73 billion.
Diab DL, Watts NB; Bisphosphonate drug holiday: who, when and how long. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2013 Jun5(3):107-11. doi: 10.1177/1759720X13477714.
Poole KE, Compston JE; Bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis. BMJ. 2012 May 22344:e3211. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e3211.
Sturrock A, Preshaw PM, Hayes C, et al; Attitudes and perceptions of GPs and community pharmacists towards their role in the prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a qualitative study in the North East of England. BMJ Open. 2017 Sep 297(9):e016047. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016047.
Dionyssiotis Y; Management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Int J Gen Med. 2010 Jul 213:167-71.
Buchbinder R, Golmohammadi K, Johnston RV, et al; Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 304:CD006349. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006349.pub2.
Maraka S, Kennel KA; Bisphosphonates for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. BMJ. 2015 Sep 2351:h3783. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h3783.
Suzuki N, Ogikubo O, Hansson T; The prognosis for pain, disability, activities of daily living and quality of life after an acute osteoporotic vertebral body fracture: its relation to fracture level, type of fracture and grade of fracture deformation. Eur Spine J. 2009 Jan18(1):77-88. doi: 10.1007/s00586-008-0847-y. Epub 2008 Dec 12.


Over the last several years, employers have been scratching their heads in response to the NLRB's (National Labor Relations Board) crackdown on workplace rules contained in employee handbooks. Employment policies requiring individuals to be "respectful" and work "harmoniously" with one another, as well as prohibitions relating to "disparagement" have been struck down by the NLRB. The NLRB concluded that standards of conduct and civility rules may potentially infringe upon an employee's right to engage in protected concerted activities under Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act. In other words, such policies could have a chilling effect on employees and prevent them from complaining about their managers, wages, hours, working conditions or other terms and conditions of their employment. As a result, many employers have been scrambling in recent years to modify their handbook rules to avoid any language that may be deemed offensive by the NLRB.
Rules prohibiting disloyalty, nepotism or self-enrichment.
According to the General Counsel, the above rules generally should not be interpreted to bar protective activities under Section 7. This reflects the NLRB's new emphasis on identifying rules that actually dissuade Section 7 protected rights as opposed to rules that "in theory" may dissuade such activities.
Rules against making false or inaccurate statements (as opposed to making defamatory statements).
Rules under Category 2 will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine if the employer's justification for the rule outweighs any adverse impact on Section 7 rights.
Rules against joining an outside organization or that prohibit employees from voting on matters concerning the employer.
Prior to the General Counsel's guidance and the Boeing decision, employers were very hesitant to implement or enforce rules relating to employee conduct for fear that such rules could be construed as "possibly" infringing on Section 7 rights. The new guidance certainly helps clarify matters by providing specific examples of acceptable and non-acceptable policies. More importantly, it takes away the presumption that ambiguities in workplace rules should be resolved against the employer who drafted the rule. The General Counsel's Memorandum on handbook rules can be found at www.nlrb.gov/reports-guidance/general-counsel-memos.


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text:
Tag Archives: Franklin Starr Gillette
re Chester Gillette's parents – Watertown (NY) Herald 4-26-1907
'Chester Gillette's Parents' – Watertown (NY) Herald 4-26-1907 (2)
The name of Gillette's father, here misspelled, was Frank Gillette.
Denver directory, 1907
Gillette, E J Mrs, dressmkr, rms 1747 Wellington
Gillette, Frank S., rms 1408 Delaware
Gillette, E J Mrs, dressmkr, rms 311 16th
Gillette, Frank S., engineer, rms 1416 Delaware
Frank S. was Chester's father.
— posted by Roger W. Smith
This entry was posted in Gillette case, Uncategorized and tagged シオドア・ドライサー, シオドア・ドライザー, シオドー・ドライサー, シオドー・ドライザー, セオドア・ドライサー, セオドア・ドライザー, Chester E. Gillette, Chester Ellsworth Gillette, Chester Gillette, Frank S. Gillette, Franklin Starr Gillette, Louisa Gillette, Louisa M. Rice, Louisa Maria Rice, Louisa RIce, теодор драйзер, Roger Smith, Roger W. Smith, Theodore Dreiser on November 6, 2021 by Roger W. Smith.
"Gillette's Family Sings at His Grave" (The Norwich Sun)
GILLETTE'S FAMILY SINGS AT HIS GRAVE
Burial At Soule Cemetery Two Miles From Auburn.
PATHETIC PRIVATE CEREMONY.
Chester's Favorite Hymns Were Sung by His Mourning Family—Mrs. Gillette Unable to Travel West With Other Members of Family.
The Norwich (NY) Sun
Auburn, April 1.—The remains of Chester Gillette now rest in a grave in a distant corner of Soule cemetery, two miles from the city between Auburn and Syracuse. The burial service took place Tuesday afternoon at 2 o'clock. The officiating clergyman was the Rev. Henry MacIlravy, and he was assisted by Mr. [Frank] Hartman, also of Little Falls.
Announcement was made Tuesday morning by the family that they had decided to have the services here and also the burial. Monday they said that they did not know where the body would be buried but this morning they gave out that the services such as they are permitted by the laws of the state, would be held at 2 o'clock Tuesday afternoon and they were.
Every precaution was taken to keep the matter of the funeral from becoming public until the services were over Since the electrocution the body has rested in the Tallman morgue. Tuesday afternoon, shortly before 2 o'clock a hearse left the morgue with the body in it. The family went by car to the cemetery and were met there by the Rev. Henry MacIlravy of Little Falls and his friend, Mr. Hartman. There the burial service was performed and the body interred.
The singing was done by the family and consisted of three hymns that had been favorites of Chester and that had been sung by the family both at home and in the dark cell in the condemned row of the prison. These were "Abide With Me," "Joy Cometh in the Morning," and "Until he Comes." The last selection was a secular song, "A Little Boy Called Taps." It had always been a favorite with the mother and Gillette wanted it too, among the hymns.
Gillette had also marked the passages he wanted read from the Bible and the clergyman recited the words solemnly. As his voice died away Mrs. Gillette dropped on her knees and prayed again for the salvation of her dead boy's soul and even the grave diggers wiped their eyes as they listened.
Those who gathered about the inexpensive coffin in which the body rests were the Gillettes, father and mother and their son and daughter, Paul and Lucille, Miss Bernice Ferrin,* the clergyman, Rev. Henry MacIlravy, his assistant, Frank Hartman, and the two grave diggers. The cemetery authorities kept all others from the spot. There was a nipping March wind and the mourners shivered as the mother knelt beside the grave and prayed.
"Can't he lie toward the west?" asked Lucille as the mother finished.
"The sun will rise on his grave," replied Mrs. Gillette, and the little party turned away from the grave.
The relatives took a last look at the body just before the trolley car bore them to the cemetery. The mother was the first the enter the morgue—alone.
"Oh, my poor boy," she wept. "I can touch your face now. They wouldn't even let me kiss you goodbye."
"Don't go in," she urged the others later. "It doesn't look like Chester at all. He hasn't his old smile. Don't go in."
Later, however, she regained her composure and the father and Lucille entered and smoothed the dead boy's hair as they took their last look at his face."
Mrs. Gillette was so much overcome by the funeral that she cannot leave with the rest of the family for Zion City, Ill. today, but will join them later.
*Bernice Ferrin has sometimes been referred to — probably inaccurately — as Chester Gillette's girlfriend. He had become acquainted with her in Zion City, Illinois, where Chester and his family were part of the Dowieite (named after the sect's founder, John Alexander Dowie) religious community. She was living in Auburn, NY (where Gillette was executed) at the time, and described as a "friend of the family," was given permission to visit Gillette in prison.
This entry was posted in Gillette case and tagged シオドア・ドライサー, シオドア・ドライザー, シオドー・ドライサー, シオドー・ドライザー, セオドア・ドライサー, セオドア・ドライザー, Bernice Ferrin, Chester E. Gillette, Chester Ellsworth Gillette, Chester Gillette, Clyde Griffiths, Frank Gillette, Frank Hartman, Frank S. Gillette, Franklin S. Gillette, Franklin Starr Gillette, Gillette case, Gillette's Family Sings At His Grave Norwich (NY) Sun April 1 1908, Louisa Gillette, Lucille Gillette, теодор драйзер, Paul Gillette, Rev. Henry MacIlravy, Roger Smith, Roger W. Smith, Theodore Dreiser, Theodore Dreiser An American Tragedy on June 14, 2021 by Roger W. Smith.
James E. Barcus, "More Light on Dreiser's Chester Gillette/Clyde Griffiths Family"
James E. Barcus, 'More Light on Dreiser's Chester Gillette-Clyde Griffiths Family' – English Language Notes, Sept 2000
James E. Barcus, 'More Light on Dreiser's Chester Gillette-Clyde Griffiths Family' – English Laguage Notes, Sept 2000
Posted here (PDF document and Word document transcription, above) is the following article:
"More Light on Dreiser's Chester Gillette/Clyde Griffiths Family"
by James E. Barcus
English Language Notes, 38:1 (2000): 68-73
Chester Gillette was the prototype of Clyde Griffiths, the main character in Theodore Dreiser's novel An American Tragedy.
This entry was posted in Gillette case and tagged シオドア・ドライサー, シオドア・ドライザー, シオドー・ドライサー, シオドー・ドライザー, セオドア・ドライサー, セオドア・ドライザー, Ballou family, Carrie Gillette, Chester E. Gillette, Chester Ellsworth Gillette, Chester Gillette, Frank Gillette, Frank S. Gillette, Franklin S. Gillette, Franklin Starr Gillette, Gillette case, James E. Barcus "More Light on Dreiser's Chester Gillette/Clyde Griffiths Family", Louis Ballou, Marie Ballou Garvin, Nancy Bidwell Barcus, теодор драйзер, Roger Smith, Roger W. Smith, Theodore Dreiser, Theodore Dreiser An American Tragedy, Will Sutherlin on June 8, 2020 by Roger W. Smith.
Ruth Reynolds, "Justice and the Two American Tragedies"
Ruth Reynolds, 'Justice and the Two American Tragedies' – Daily News (NY) 7-7-1935
Ruth Reynolds, 'Echo of An American Tragedy' – Daily News (NY) 9-18-1966
Posted here (downloadable Word documents above) is a groundbreaking article on the Gillette case:
Justice and the Two American Tragedies
Attempt to Forget Life Task of Many Who Were Involved
by Ruth Reynolds
Daily News (New York)
And also a follow up article by the same author:
Echo of 'An American Tragedy'
The first article, which appeared in the New York Daily News Sunday magazine in 1935, has never been reprinted and is, for all practical purposes, unavailable. I found a copy on microfilm in the New York Public Library, and transcribed the entire article. It is a very well written and researched account of the Gillette case. There are some minor inaccuracies, but the article contains information available nowhere else. This is particularly true of Chester Gillette's family and what became of them. Reynolds interviewed surviving family members for the story.
Ruth Reynolds (1904-1971 was a staff writer for the New York Daily News. She won acclaim for her series of "justice" stories on noted criminal cases.
Ms. Reynolds's 1935 article also covered the Robert Edward murder case, which Dreiser covered. On the Edwards case, see:
Theodore Dreiser, "I Find the Real American Tragedy." Mystery Magazine 11 (April-May 1935): 22-24, 83-86. Reprinted: Resources for American Literary Study 2 (Spring 1972): 40-55.
Salzman, Jack. Introduction to "'I Find the Real American Tragedy' by Theodore Dreiser." Resources for American Literature Study 2 (Spring 1972): 3-4.
Famous novel might have inspired local murder
by William C. Kashatus
The Citizens' Voice
Wilkes-Barre (PA)
pg. C1
https://www.citizensvoice.com/arts-living/famous-novel-might-have-inspired-local-murder-1.155509
This entry was posted in Gillette case and tagged A. C. Boshart, Albert Gross, Austin B. Klock, シオドア・ドライサー, シオドア・ドライザー, シオドー・ドライサー, シオドー・ドライザー, セオドア・ドライサー, セオドア・ドライザー, Bernard G. Foster, Chester E. Gillette, Chester Ellsworth Gillette, Chester Gillette, Dr. Isaac Coffin, Frank Crabb, Frank S. Gillette, Franklin Starr Gillette, Freda McKechnie, George S. Ward, Gillette case, Grace Brown, Granville S. Ingraham, Harriet Benedict, Hazel D. Gillette, Hazel Mcwade, James McAllister, John Crowley, John M. Richards, Louisa Gillette, Louisa Maria Rice, Lucille J. Gillette, Lucille Sternard, Margaret Lee Crain, Marjorie Carey, Minerva Babcock Brown, Minerva Brown, теодор драйзер, Paul Clifford Gillette, Paul Gillette, Robert Allen Edwards, Robert Edwards, Robert Morrison, Roger Smith, Roger W. Smith, Roy C. Higby. Theodore Dreiser, Ruth Reynolds, Ruth Reynolds Echo of An American Tragedy, Ruth Reynolds Justice and the Two American Tragedies, Theodore Dreiser An American Tragedy on May 23, 2020 by Roger W. Smith.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Like Orifice flange Unions. Flow Nozzles are deemed as the budget alternative to the Venturi/V-Cone Family. Flow Nozzles are located between two ASME Flanges. The Flow Nozzle has similar benefits to the Venturi/V-Cone with the ability to achieve better wear resistance properties to that of an orifice plate.


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NewsChevron Right IconCrime
Almost 40 arrested at rowdy Qld protest
Tracey Ferrier
Published: 29/06/2020 Updated: Monday, 29 June 2020 10:55 AM GMT+10
Up to 40 protesters have been arrested as they supported asylum seekers held in a Brisbane hotel. Credit: AAP
Almost 40 protesters have been arrested during another rowdy protest demanding the release of asylum seekers detained at a Brisbane hotel.
Hundreds of people joined a protest march to the Kangaroo Point Central Hotel & Apartments on Sunday, where about 120 men are in long-term detention.
Police arrested 37 people after they staged a sit-in, refusing to move on after a two-hour protest permit expired.
All have been issued with fines for refusing to comply with police orders. One person has been charged with assaulting police.
The hotel has seen a succession of protests that have ramped up in the last few weeks.
Protesters are demanding community release for the men, brought to Australia from offshore detention, most under orders they receive specialist medical care.
Some have been confined to the hotel for a year, but have notched up almost seven years in detention overall.
Other rallies staged by Refugee Solidarity Brisbane/Meanjin saw the same hotel blockaded earlier this month.
Brisbane City Greens councillor Jonathan Sri, who was arrested at a previous rally at the hotel, said protesters had told police they would move from the road if they were allowed to pass hot food to the men inside.
"The government refused, and instead of passing over the meals, decided to arrest dozens of people," he wrote on Facebook.
"Ironically, the protest organisers had made a deliberate decision not to block Main St this week in order to minimise traffic disruption, but in the end, Main St was fully blocked off not by protesters but by police cars that were queuing up to take people to the watch house."
Refugee Solidarity Dane De Leon said people were arrested after asking to pass hot food to the men inside.
"We were sitting on this road, right there singing songs, listening to poetry and we were sharing a meal and we thought it would be nice if our friends inside could share a meal with us," she told the Seven network on Monday.
"It wasn't long after that until police started moving everyone off the road and dragging people away."
She said about 600 protesters were there and it would have been impossible for them to fit on the footpath so they chose a quiet side street to sit down.
"We thought this was just a little bit over the top - over curry."
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Tucked away in the heart of Minneapolis, 204-acre Lake Nokomis is settled snugly between two conjoining rivers and a number of quiet neighborhoods. Located in Hennepin County, Lake Nokomis has an average depth of 15 feet and a maximum depth of 33 feet. The lake is encompassed by quaint, quiet Lake Nokomis Park, peppered with blooming flowers in the summer and vibrantly-colored leaves during the fall. Recreational activities are popular all year long, such as sailboat races in the summer or pond hockey tournaments and cross country skiing during the winter. Staying busy while the stresses of everyday life melt away is a simple feat at Lake Nokomis.
During the warmer months, anglers set out their gear along Lake Nokomis's 2.8-mile shoreline. The majority of fish species managed in the lake are walleye and hybrid muskellunge, with walleye sizes averaging 23 inches and 4.2 pounds. Anglers have been known to catch a wide variety of other species throughout the year, including bluegill, black crappie, yellow perch, golden shiner and yellow bullhead. Ice fishing is popular during winter months.
Lake Nokomis touts itself as a family-oriented getaway, a small section of serenity in the big city. A paved 2.7-mile trail circles the lake under a vibrant array of trees during the fall, allowing joggers, bikers, skaters and walkers to enjoy the lake scenery. Picnic areas crop up along the shore, as grills are heated up in the summertime while children splash about in the water at the lake's beach areas. Lake Nokomis Park, which surrounds the lake, offers basketball, soccer and tennis courts to those who wish to work up a sweat.
Going above and beyond the normal lake offerings, Lake Nokomis reveals a large and entertaining playground system for children. A community center gives children and adults opportunities to learn about fine art, music, dance and environmental programs. Those with quieter moods in mind have the ability to stroll around the Nokomis Naturescape Gardens, which host a plethora of native wildflowers and grasses.
Bright summer days bring canoes and colorful sailboats to Lake Nokomis, where the northern wind will pick up the sails as they quietly move through the water. Pack a lunch into the canoe and soak up the sun as it glints off the water, bring a book and close your eyes as the canoe floats wherever it chooses, or settle down to watch the weekend's sailboat races. Lake visitors need not worry about running into fast-moving boats, as there are no motored boats allowed on the lake.
Grabbing a bite to eat or catching an evening show after spending the day at Lake Nokomis is simple with the city of Minneapolis nearby. The city has everything from upscale dining to casual cuisine, museums for the children, or an evening at opera with that special someone. Making a date with the city doesn't mean emptying the pocketbook, either, as free events are scattered here and there throughout the year.
Close to Lake Nokomis rests Fort Snelling State Park, where the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers converge. Hop on a bike for the 10 miles of mountain biking terrain, or lace up the old hiking boots to wind along the 18 miles of easy to moderate hiking trails. Watch for white-tailed deer, fox, woodchucks, turkeys and coyotes while out scouring the scenery.
It's easy to make visiting Lake Nokomis a fulfilled experience, with picnicking along the shore, jogging the outer trail, or canoeing across the surface. Those hoping to make the area home need not look too far. Beyond the lake's shores are numerous real estate and vacation rental opportunities, making the decision to visit or settle down near Lake Nokomis an easy one.


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11th Inning Balk Earns Eagles 5-4 Victory Over Giants
Jack Wannan Sports May 17, 2020 2 Minutes
A balk in the 11th inning of play from Lotte Giants pitcher Kim Dae-woo gave the deciding run to the Hanhwa Eagles, finishing the game with a score of 5-4.
The final scoring play stopped late momentum that the Giants earned in the game which allowed them to tie it up and go into extra innings.
The Eagles wrapped up the series with two wins over the Giants, who took the Saturday game at Hanhwa Life Eagles Park in Daejeon, Korea.
Lee Seung-heon Injured Early
Giants starter Lee Seung-heon had to be removed in the third inning after taking a line drive to the head. Down for several minutes, Seung-heon was stretchered off the field. Later, a scan revealed a "slight forehead fracture," per Daniel Kim.
Replacing the injured starter, Song Seung-jun entered the third inning with bases loaded and one out. Hits from Ha Ju-suk and Lee Seung-yeol allowed the team to get up by three runs before the inning concluded.
An inning later, Kim Hoe-sung was able to bring home another run, making the game 4-0.
Giants Mount Comeback
The Giants started to mount a comeback in the fifth, with Dixon Machado sending a solo home run into left field, his fourth of the year.
Eagles starter Kim Min-woo was taken out of the game after seven innings, giving up only two hits.
Much later in the eighth inning, Jeon Jun-woo launched a ball into left field for a two-run home run. The Giants veteran got his fourth of the season, bringing the lead to one run for the Eagles.
Joining the party of home runs, Han Dong-hee tied up the game in the ninth with a solo shot.
Balk Causes End To Game
When Kim Dae-ho was pitching with two outs and a man on third in the 11th, he balked while throwing the third pitch against Jung Jin-ho. After some debate, it was ruled that Jang Woon-ho would score from third, ending the game.
Giants To Meet Tigers and Heroes For The First Time In 2020
The Giants finish their second week of play with a record of 7-4, putting them in a three-way tie for second in the league. They went 2-4 this week, playing a flawless 5-0 the week before.
Next week, the Giants are set to play a series against the Kia Tigers (5-7) and the Kiwoom Heroes (7-5). The first game of the week kicks off at 6:30PM KST (5:30AM EDT) on Tuesday at the Gwangju Kia Champions Field in Gwangju, Korea.
The Kiwoom Heroes finished their series with the LG Twins with a win, defeating the home team 9-4. Heroes starter Eric Jokisch kept the Twins to two hits during his six-inning performance.
Sweeping their series, the KT Wiz defeated the Samsung Lions 9-2. In his third appearance this season, Wiz starter Odrisaimer Despaigne got his first win of the season. Lions starter Ben Lively left the game early after a hand injury.
Although the Kia Tigers gained momentum in the ninth inning, it wasn't enough to defeat the Doosan Bears, who won 6-4.
With strong batting throughout the game, the NC Dinos beat the SK Wyverns 11-5. The Dinos won all six of their games this week and now sit atop the KBO standings with a 10-1 record.
Hanhwa Eagles
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The Increasing Need for CMO to Know Technology is Non-negotiable.
Agency Model is Broken. Big Consulting Companies are Playing a Bigger Role. A New Model Needs to Emerge.
Data is Becoming Commoditized. Creativity is What is in Short Supply.
You Can't Buy Yourself Into Great Marketing Anymore. It is the Golden Age of Marketing.
Ability to Curate Content is More Important Than the Ability To Create Content.
Social Commerce is the Next Big Thing.
If It Takes You More than Eight Weeks to Get from Problem Statement to MVP You are Irrelevant.
You Can't Be Too Relevant for Consumer But You Can Be Too Personal.
Mobile is the Remote Control of People's Lives.
Programatic is the Glue to Data and the Glue to Different Devices.


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Racks & Mounts
DVIGear Establishes Office in the United Kingdom
By SCN Staff ( Systems Contractor News ) published 11 May 16
DVIGear recently opened an office in the United Kingdom. Based in London, DVIGear UK will be operated by Steven Mattingly and will provide a direct presence for the company in this key market.
With the launch of a London-based distribution office, DVIGear's product line and sales support will now be available at the local level in the UK. Industry veteran Steven Mattingly will head operations of DVIGear UK. His twenty plus years in the AV industry have given him the experience needed to implement strategic sales and operational development avenues to aggressively grow major accounts. He has expertise operating in Europe, North America, and Asia. In 2004, he was appointed general manager for the EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Asia) at tvONE. He subsequently was promoted to EMEA managing director and finally assumed the role of president of tvONE. Prior to his time at tvONE, Mattingly was managing director of UK-based AV reseller Scancom, and before that, head of international sales at Vine Micros.
"I am tremendously honored to be leading the expansion of DVIGear into the UK. It's a fantastic opportunity to be promoting such a quality brand with a proven professional AV pedigree," said Mattingly. "DVIGear's new DisplayNet technology is the future of AV distribution, which makes it a particularly exciting time for me to be joining the DVIGear team."
"DVIGear UK will provide a highly focused channel for advanced AV connectivity solutions to this important market," stated Steven Barlow, president of DVIGear. "We are extremely pleased to be working with Steven Mattingly. His depth of experience and unique familiarity with the UK will be an enormous benefit to our customers in the region."
SCN Staff
The staff of Systems Contractor News serves the AV integration industry with thorough news analysis, trend reports, and the latest product and technology information—delivered to an audience of decision-makers.
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Tinkler pleased pre-season preparations for Maritzburg United
Posted on July 18, 2019 by thebridgenewsservice
Maritzburg United coach, Eric Tinkler, is pleased that he got a good gauge of where his side is in terms of preparation for the next season after their friendly with Polokwane City FC on Wednesday.
Maritzburg are spending the week in Limpopo's capital as they intensify training for the new campaign.
Tinkler says the friendly helped him look at some of the trialists at the club including Daylen Classen, Dan Morgan and Thamsanqa Sangweni.
Tinkler hopes to wrap up transfer business by the end of the Polokwane camp to concentrate of getting the team to gel.
The coach happy is to have some continuity in the squad after parting ways with five players.
The Team of Choice have two pre-season tournaments they will compete in after the Limpopo camp, the inaugural Msunduzi Cup and the Kwa-Zulu Natal's Premier Cup.
The former South African international appreciates the competitive tournaments, especially because Maritzburg started pre-season slightly late.
The former Orlando Pirates mentor knows last season's promotion/relegation play-offs will be at the back of his charges' heads, but he wants them to approach the new campaign with fresh minds. – Report by Lethabo Kganyago
The post Tinkler pleased pre-season preparations for Maritzburg United appeared first on SABC News – Breaking news, special reports, world, business, sport coverage of all South African current events. Africa's news leader..


NPA members love to tour the gardens of fellow members through our popular Open Gardens program. What other organization offers free garden tours almost every weekend for six months out of the year?
The Open Gardens directory lists garden tours from May through October, with as many as 100 gardens or more open each year. Most are private gardens not usually open to the public. They are located throughout Western Washington and occasionally into Eastern Washington.
Whether you're a new gardener or an old hand at digging in the dirt, garden tours are a great way to find inspiration, discover new plants, and have fun hanging out with other garden enthusiasts.
Hosts find it to be a fun and rewarding experience to welcome fellow gardeners who appreciate the effort and creativity that goes into making a garden. Visitors and hosts alike enjoy sharing ideas, favorite plants, and mutual challenges.
The Open Gardens directory is given only to NPA members. It is mailed in April, and gardens open beginning in May. In the directory, each NPA garden is grouped into a suggested self-guided tour. Each listing includes the garden's description, along with driving directions, dates and hours it is open. The book features photographs of most of the gardens.
Be sure to look for your NPA membership card, which will be inside the front cover of the directory.
Check our Discount Offers for nurseries and garden-related businesses that offer a discount on purchases when you show your NPA card. The list is published in the back of your Open Gardens directory. Another important section of the directory is the NPA Business Spotlight, which showcases garden businesses owned by NPA members.


When of the interesting aspects of the new BMW service in Seattle is that it will combine on-demand ride-services with rental and sharing options. We'll assuredly hear about more of this blending in coming years from other auto companies and major car rental firms.
BMW plans to offer a ride-booking service in Seattle and then other U.S. cities, becoming the first luxury-car maker to go toe to toe with Uber Technologies Inc.
ReachNow's chauffeur service will allow users to book drivers after a night out to ferry them home in a BMW car-sharing vehicle, the company said Friday. It's the German luxury-car maker's first expansion into broader mobility services with its car-sharing network of vehicles that can be booked via an app and picked up a short walk away.
BMW will start the ReachNow service in Seattle with the classic free-floating car sharing that's already in operation under the DriveNow banner in European cities, then expand with more options including the taxi-like pickup service later this year. The company said last month it was considering luxury ride-sharing, after a strategy review that put a broad range of mobility services at the center of its future business.
The Seattle fleet will have 370 autos, including i3 electric city cars and Mini vehicles as well as models from the BMW namesake brand. It's a partnership with RideCell, a technology startup in which BMW has held a minority stake since 2014.
Services will include vehicle delivery for customers with a lot of luggage, seamless switching to a longer rental period for spontaneous trips and the option of renting out private vehicles, subject to technical tests, to a select group of contacts for a set amount of time.
This article was written by Elisabeth Behrmann from Bloomberg and was legally licensed through the NewsCred publisher network.


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BNP Paribas Frankfurt office raided in cum-ex probe
BNP Paribas said on Wednesday that prosecutors were searching its Frankfurt premises as part of an long running investigation into a multibillion-euro tax fraud scheme known as "cum-ex" and that it was cooperating fully.
German prosecutors said they have been conducting a search at a banking institution in Frankfurt since Tuesday in relation to cum-ex, without naming the bank.
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"Like we already have done since the beginning of the investigation in 2017, we continue to fully cooperate with the public prosecutor according to legal requirements," a spokesperson for the bank said.
The prosecutors said their investigation also involved searches of private residences in three German states and is focused on 58 suspects who were or are professionally active for the bank.
The measure is aimed at finding relevant emails and written correspondence, they said.
Around 130 police officers, public prosecutors and tax investigators are involved, they said.
The cum-ex trading scheme, which flourished after the 2008 credit crisis, involved the rapid dealing of company shares around dividend payout days, blurring stock ownership and allowing multiple parties to claim rebates.
The scandal has blighted German political and financial circles, with lawmakers claiming it has cost taxpayers billions of euros.
A large number of banks have been searched by prosecutors investigating possible wrongdoing, with German branches of Barclays, Bank of America and Morgan Stanley among those raided in recent months.
Government officials say the investigation involves some 100 banks on four continents and at least 1,000 suspects.


Home / News Insights / Liskow & Lewis Receives National Tier 1 Practice Area Rankings in U.S. News' "Best Law Firms"
Liskow & Lewis has been ranked in the 2017 "Best Law Firms" list by U.S. News & World Report and Best Lawyers®, Woodward White, Inc.
The firm received National Tier 1 rankings in the areas of Mass Tort Litigation / Class Actions - Defendants and Oil & Gas Law, National Tier 2 rankings in the areas of Admiralty & Maritime Law, Banking and Finance Law, Natural Resources Law and Real Estate Law, and a National Tier 3 ranking in the area of Commercial Litigation.
Firms included in the 2017 "Best Law Firms" list are recognized for professional excellence with consistently impressive ratings from clients and peers. Achieving a ranking signals a unique combination of quality law practice and breadth of legal experience.


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Policy on gifts and hospitality
Office of the Ombudsman Policy on Hospitality and Gifts
Background and Context
This policy covers the Office of the Ombudsman, the Office of the Information Commissioner (OIC), the Office of the Commissioner for Environmental Information (OCEI), the Standards in Public Office Commission (SIPOC), the Commission for Public Service Appointments (CPSA) and the Office of the Protected Disclosures Commissioner (OPDC), when established. The six Offices each carry out separate and distinct statutory functions. Nonetheless they function as a single amalgamated agency under one Vote and one Accounting Officer and a management team which manages the Office, while simultaneously protecting and preserving the statutory independence and functions of each of the constituent parts. Each Office has its own staff complement but the finance, human resources, legal, communications and information technology functions are shared.
The Ombudsman and Information Commissioner, is appointed by the President on the nomination of the Oireachtas, as a statutory officer for a fixed contract period ("the Ombudsman"). He will be the Protected Disclosures Commissioner, and he is a member of the Commission for SIPO, CPSA and the Referendum Commission, when established. For ease of reference, he is referred to in this document as the Ombudsman. The staff in the Office are civil servants of the State.
Rules concerning the receipt of gifts and permitted hospitality by Civil Servants are set out in the Civil Service Code of Standards and Behaviour. There is also guidance from the Standards in Public Office Commission, by way of information notice, on gifts to civil servants. As a general rule the use of their official position by civil servants to benefit themselves or others with whom they have personal or business ties is strictly forbidden. Every care must be taken to ensure that any acceptance of hospitality or gifts does not influence or is not perceived to influence the discharging of official functions. The test to be used is the "reasonable bystander" test (i.e. whether the reasonable bystander witnessing the transaction could reasonably assume that a gift was given to influence the person in the course of their functions, or to buy goodwill in the hope of future influence). That it does not have the intended effect, is irrelevant. What matters is that the public needs to have confidence that the civil service is not doing favours in exchange for gifts and in this regard, perception is just as important.
The documents referenced below must be strictly adhered to at all times:
https://www.sipo.ie/acts-and-codes/codes-of-conduct/civil-servants/Information-notice-gifts-tocivil-servants.pdf
https://circulars.gov.ie/pdf/circular/finance/2004/26.pdf - Sections 16 (Gifts) and 17 (Hospitality) are of particular relevance.
The points below set out the key points on the Office policy on gifts but should be read in conjunction with the two documents referred to above. All staff should be familiar with these documents and should consult the Head of Corporate Services for guidance should an issue or doubt arise. The giving or receiving of gifts is generally not permitted, however, occasionally the Office performs a diplomatic role when visiting or receiving guests from other countries. On these occasions, the Ombudsman may deem it culturally appropriate to accept or to present a modest token to his/her guests or hosts.
Receipt of Gifts
In the Code the term "gift" includes any benefit which is given to a civil servant free of charge or at less that its commercial price.
An officer may accept and retain gifts of modest value (i.e. for guidance purposes less than €20 would be considered a modest value). Any gift of higher value should be refused or, if such refusal would cause significant offence (i.e. in a diplomatic context), it should be handed over to his/her Office.
Cash gifts, gift cheques, including vouchers, even if valued under the €20 threshold, are completely unacceptable.
Gifts from current suppliers, or persons seeking to engage in procurement, are unacceptable.
Civil Servants should not receive benefits of any kind from a third party which might reasonably be seen to compromise their personal judgement and integrity.
Civil Servants should not accept special facilities or discounts on private purchases from suppliers with whom they have official dealings.
Civil Servants may not approach any business with which they have contact through their official duties seeking sponsorship or support for any club, charitable organisation, association, trade union or other organisation.
Gifts given to staff for making speeches or presentations can be accepted by the staff member if the value is under €20. If it exceeds this amount, and does not create a conflict or perceived conflict situation for the Office, it can be retained but subsequently raffled or given to charity under instruction by the Head of Corporate Services. If any potential conflict or perceived conflict may arise it should be returned to the providers immediately regardless of amount.
In rare circumstances, it may be considered inappropriate to return a gift (even where it falls outside the rules set out above). These circumstances would most likely be where it would be un-diplomatic to return the gift. In these circumstances, the gift may be retained by the Office, not by the receiver.
If an officer has any doubts in relation to whether an offer of hospitality or a gift falls outside this policy, they should declare it to the Head of Corporate Services.
Receipt of Hospitality
In their contacts with outside organisations or persons, every care must be taken by civil servants to ensure that their acceptance of hospitality does not influence them, and could not reasonably be seen to influence them, in discharging their official duties.
Attendance at work receptions (which may include alcohol or other refreshments) or the provision of customary hospitality at a work event is generally acceptable.
However approval is required in advance from the Head of Corporate Services if an officer receives an invitation to a business lunch or dinner that is targeted at the Office or at the individual and is likely to exceed a value of €20.
Certain types of hospitality (e.g. offers of travel abroad, lavish meals or holiday weekends) are not acceptable.
Official Entertainment
The Ombudsman may entertain in accordance with the approved entertainment limits under Circular 25/2000. https://circulars.gov.ie/pdf/circular/finance/2000/25.pdf.
Any entertainment by civil servants of third parties, requires the advance approval of the Director General. The civil service approved entertainment limits are set out in circular 25/2000 . https://circulars.gov.ie/pdf/circular/finance/2000/25.pdf.
Entertainment in this context excludes refreshment and lunches which take place during work meetings, and when the office is hosting meetings with third parties.
The Director General must approve any case in which these limits are exceeded.
Purchase of Gifts
In general, the purchase of gifts is not recommended, however, occasionally the Ombudsman performs a diplomatic function and may exchange gifts when going on visits abroad or when hosting visiting delegations from outside Ireland. The purchase of these gifts must be in line with the general requirements of this policy – ie: appropriate items of modest value. Corporate Services Unit can provide advice as and when requested.
Any other gifts purchased by civil servants require advance approval from the Director General, or in his/her absence from the Head of Corporate Services.
Where possible and practical, gifts purchased will be Irish made and in line with our Environmental Strategy.
CSU (Finance Unit) manages the budget for the purchase of corporate gifts. In general, gifts should be of modest value.
All purchases of gifts will follow proper administrative and accounting procedures relating to the purchase of corporate gifts.
Unused gifts must be returned to Corporate Services Unit.
This policy is subject to review by the Management Advisory Committee every two years. The next review will be carried out in August 2024.
Version 1 Created September 2020
Version 2 Updated August 2022


text:
Crackdown in Kiev
Battle for Ukraine
Ex-communist Europe
Eastern approaches
by A.O. | VILNIUS
THUGS and thieves always prefer to act in the early hours of the morning. So did Viktor Yanukovych, Ukraine's president.
Less than 24 hours after he ruined the Eastern Partnership summit in Vilnius and ditched the Association Agreement with Europe, he vividly demonstrated his preferred alternative. In the small hours of Saturday morning he sent in special troops to beat up the few hundred students and activists who stood vigil for Ukraine's European future. Armed with truncheons and tear gas, the police pummelled the peaceful demonstration, smashing heads and kicking people on the ground. Never in its 22 years as an independent country has Ukraine seen such violence.
It was a cowardly and treacherous act by a government that behaved like an occupying force in its own capital. "Tonight Yankovych turned into Alexander Lukashenka [Belarus's hardline president]," wrote Mustafa Nayyem, a Ukrainian journalist and blogger who mobilised the civil protest a week ago. A video he posted showed the violence that Mr Yanukovych had unleashed.
Protestors first started to gather in the centre of Kiev ten days ago when Ukraine froze negotiations with the EU. The government decided not to use force until after the summit. As soon as Mr Yanukovych escaped safely from Vilnius, the restraints were off. But hours after Mr Yanukovych deprived his country of a chance to converge with Europe, turning to Russia instead, tens of thousands of students and middle-class Ukrainians came out to defy him with renewed resolve.
The government, fearful that the police would not obey its orders, bussed in several thousand plain-clothed bull-neck thugs armed with iron rods from the regions to intimidate the students and provoke clashes. Mr Yanukovych's Party of the Regions' deputies tried to block the leaders of the opposition from entering a television studio and going on air. The American ambassador in Kiev issued a stern warning to Mr Yanukovych not to use force against the demonstration. But Mr Yanukovych waited until 4am, when the crowd had dispersed to just a few hundred people and most journalists had gone to bed, to attack those who were left to guard Maidan Square.
This was his response to Maidan's demand to send him and his government packing for betraying national interests. But it was also his revenge for the Orange revolution, which took place in the same square nine years ago, defying his attempt to steal a presidential election. At the time, Mr Yanukovych demanded that Leonid Kuchma, the acting president, send in the troops against a peaceful demonstration of several hundred people. Bloodshed was narrowly avoided, mainly because of the intervention of senior American government officials, including Colin Powell, the secretary of state. This time Mr Yanukovych finally got his chance to enact that scenario. He has plunged Ukraine into one of its most serious political crises, with unpredictable consequences.
Although Mr Yanukovych may try to act like Mr Lukashenka, Ukraine is not Belarus. It has a vibrant middle class, television is controlled by oligarchs (many of whom are extremely angry with Mr Yanukovych) and, most importantly, a diverse population. Although Mr Yanukovych, whose popularity rating is less than 20%, is still backed by his native Russian-speaking industrial region of Donetsk, he has never had much legitimacy in the Ukrainian-speaking west of the country. His latest actions could lead to a split in the country, with its western part and Kiev simply refusing to recognise the government's authority.
But Ukraine's turnaround also caught the European Union flat-footed, while delivering another victory for Vladimir Putin, who wants Ukraine to stay within Russia's sphere of influence as one of its former territories. The Eastern Partnership project, which was conceived by Sweden and Poland in the Spring of 2008 as a non-military form of engaging with the former Soviet republics, is now in tatters. Three years ago in Georgia, Russia drew a red line against NATO expansion and defended it with tanks. This time it drew a similarly thick red line at the expansion of the European system of governance and its values to Ukraine, and defended it with bribes and threats of economic war. European politicians naively believed that Russia would not object to the Eastern Partnership, because it contained no security dimension. But as Giga Bokeria, the ideologue of Georgia's reforms, argues, in many ways the expansion of the European model was more threatening to Mr Putin than the expansion of NATO. It poses a challenge to the post-Soviet political model which Mr Putin has defended and spread—one based on corruption, paternalism and violence.
If any proof were needed, Mr Yanukovych's behaviour is the best proof that he never shared European values and never intended to sign the European Association Agreement in the first place. He simply used it as a bargaining chip in his negotiations with Russia. At a reception in Vilnius with Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, and Dalia Grybauskaite, the Lithuanian president, Mr Yanukovych was caught on video trying to justify his U-turn to the European leaders. "I've been alone for three-and-a-half years...in very unequal conditions, with a very strong Russia," he is heard saying.
This cut little ice with Ms Grybauskaite, whose country has been under pressure from Russia for decades. In fact, it was in Vilnius in January 1991 that the Soviet government made its last attempts to keep the Soviet Union together by using force. It brought in military troops and fired at the peaceful demonstration outside the Vilnius television centre. Less than a year later, the Soviet Union ceased to exist and Lithuania won its deserved independence. Ukraine also won independence at the time, although it never really fought for it or knew what to do with it. But 22 years later, with hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians defying their thuggish post-Soviet government, the battle for Ukraine as an independent country has started in earnest.
Picture credit: AFP
More from Eastern approaches
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Transylvanian surprise
Polish fracking
Shale fail
Latvia and gay rights
A minister comes out


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The Berejiklian Government has no plan in the Budget to rein in out-of-control power prices impacting households and businesses across the state.
Electricity prices have increased by an average of 60 percent since the Liberal-Nationals took office in 2011, including a 20 percent rise since Gladys Berejiklian became Premier.
Evidence given this week to a Parliamentary inquiry into electricity prices, supply and demand heard that the profits alone of the big energy companies made up 15-20 per cent of every household electricity bill – outstripping the profit margins of most businesses in the country.
This government is responsible for the current state of the electricity market. For eight years the NSW Coalition has had one energy policy – to privatise and deregulate. They sold the generators and distributors and they deregulated electricity prices. Since then prices have only gone up, not down – despite their promise at the 2015 state election that privatisation would not lead to prices rises.
The best this tired and out of touch government has to offer is to provide a trial in five locations of public servants to look over household power bills.
This is despite the existence of superior electricity comparison products such as those provided by iSelect and Choice.
Shadow Minister for Energy Adam Searle said the Berejiklian Government approach is just a gimmick that cannot deliver real price reductions for the people of NSW.
Only a NSW Labor Government elected in March 2019 will tackle runaway energy prices.
NSW Labor will work to make electricity more affordable by re-regulating the electricity market.
ensure consumers are treated fairly and stop price gouging by the big energy companies.
This includes by cracking down on excessive profits; requiring truth in the advertising of discounts being offered to customers to ensure they are real discounts on what customers are already paying; keeping basic services at a set price for every customer; and ensuring offers from different energy companies can be easily compared.
For more detail, see Adam Searle's speech to the Energy Users' Association.
"The Berejiklian Government has no plan to stop skyrocketing electricity prices that are hurting families and businesses across the State, a problem they've caused through privatisation and deregulation.
"They have left energy policy to Canberra and everything else to the market – neither of which has worked well for the people of NSW.
"When markets fail to deliver fair outcomes, people expect government to step in.
 Budget Estimates 2018-2019, Budget Paper No. 3, p7-3, 7-5, 7-8.


A multi-agency task force swept through the San Jacinto Valley early Thursday, making dozens of arrests in an operation aimed at crushing gang operations that allegedly sell guns and drugs illegally.
The sweep involved 30 teams — law enforcement officers and agents from several Inland and Coachella Valley police departments, as well as federal and state agencies.
The coordinated arrests started at 6 a.m., with most of the locations in Hemet, San Jacinto and some county areas.
The arrests by the county-wide Gang Impact Team, overseen by the Riverside County District Attorney's Office, were the second phase of the Operation Valley Vigilance campaign.
The first sweep, in late June 2017, resulted in 57 state and federal arrests, 77 guns bought or seized, and 1/2 pounds of methamphetamine confiscated.
There were 58 arrests and six firearms seized on Thursday, but Hemet Police Chief Rob Webb said the total for the 14-month second phase of the operation, including Thursday's action, resulted in 163 arrests, 123 firearms seized, and more than 11 pounds of methamphetamine recovered.
"Operation Valley Vigilance is an ongoing investigation. It will not end today," Webb said at a news conference that included a table filled with seized guns. He said the team's primary focus for the second phase was illegal weapons.
"There's no way to gauge how many crimes are avoided by having these weapons taken from the hands of the criminals," he said. Among the array of guns were AR-15-type rifles to pistol-gripped shotguns, semi-automatic and revolver handguns, as well as two flintlock pistols, and a derringer.
"In this county we have a high degree, and really remarkable level, of cooperation and collaboration between and among our law enforcement agencies," said Riverside County District Attorney Mike Hestrin, who revived the impact team when he was elected four years ago.
He said the Gang Impact Team in the past four years has worked dozens of investigations of criminal organizations and gangs, resulting in 249 arrests, 214 illegal firearms seized, and more than 60 pounds of methamphetamine, with a street value of almost $200,000, taken off the streets. The group also helped to solve 10 homicides, he said.
"We are going to continue to do this work as long as gangs are in our community and act with impunity," he said.
"We're sending a strong message with today's arrests," said Riverside County Third District Supervisor Chuck Washington, whose district includes the area where the raids took place Thursday.
Just as dawn broke Thursday, members of the Gang Impact Team and others monitored some of the raids by video from a helicopter.
There was concern about one home where a SWAT raid took place; there was a recent gang shooting in the area and authorities believed there were perhaps a half-dozen people inside who were armed. SWAT officers could be seen surrounding the home on Alessandro Street.
Others gathered behind an armored vehicle and then made their way around it and moved toward the front of the home at 6:21 a.m. A few minutes later, officers could be seen walking openly around the home's backyard, an indication the home was secured.
There was at least one barricaded suspect, in San Jacinto, but that person surrendered before 8 a.m.
The cases that resulted in Thursday's raids and the earlier arrests were built, in part, with undercover drug and narcotics buys, said Joseph DelGiudice, chief of the Bureau of Investigation for the Riverside County DA's Office..
"The trafficking in firearms has an impact on the larger community, and the work is inherently dangerous," DelGiudice said.
Over the course of both investigations,"We have had a situation where a firearm was brandished, and another where a firearm was discharged for the purpose of demonstrating it was an operable weapon," he said.
No one was injured in either incident, and the gun demonstration, which happened in the operation's first phase, happened spontaneously, he added.
Leaders of the arrest teams Thursday already had information that included the legal paperwork, plus photos of suspects and surveillance videos of the locations the teams would enter – homework before the raids, to decide how to get the job done. DelGiudice said that kind of coordination and information is needed when so many arrests and warrants are being served at the same time.
The agencies in the Gang Impact Team include: The Riverside County District Attorney's Bureau of Investigation; U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives; Federal Bureau of Investigation; U.S. Department of Homeland Security Investigations; U.S. Border Patrol; U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Inspector General; Hemet Police Department; Palm Springs Police Department; Corona Police Department; and the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Special Services Unit.
Authorities said 26 agencies took part in Thursday's raids. Among them: Riverside County Sheriff's Department; San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department; Riverside County Probation Department; California Highway Patrol; Drug Enforcement Administration; California Division of Parole Operations, Banning Police Department; Murrieta Police Department; Riverside Police Department; Indio Police Department; Cathedral City Police Department, Ontario Police Department, and the U.S. Marshals Service.
Editor's note: This story has been updated to correct the number of arrests made in Thursday's anti-gang raids. There were 58 arrests made, according to the Riverside County District Attorney's Office.


text:
Японский бурый медведь, или уссурийский бурый медведь, или чёрный гризли (), — подвид бурого медведя. Один из самых крупных бурых медведей.

Описание
Он очень похож на камчатского бурого медведя, хотя у него более вытянутый череп, менее приподнятый лоб, несколько более длинные носовые кости и менее отделенные скуловые дуги, и он несколько темнее, а некоторые особи полностью черные, что однажды привело к опровергнутому предположению, что черные особи были гибридами бурых медведей и азиатских черных медведей. Взрослые самцы имеют черепа длиной 38,7 см (15,2 дюйма) и шириной 23,5 см (9,3 дюйма). Могут достигать больших размеров, чем их камчатские коллеги: самый большой череп, измеренный Сергеем Огнью (1931), был лишь немногим меньше, чем у самого большого медведя Кадьяка (самый большой подвид бурых медведей) из зарегистрированных в то время.

На полуострове Сиретоко, особенно в районе под названием «Баня», многие самки с детенышами часто подходят к рыбакам и проводят время рядом с людьми. Это уникальное поведение впервые было отмечено более полувека назад, без каких-либо жертв и несчастных случаев. Предполагается, что самки берут детенышей и приближаются к рыбакам, чтобы избежать встречи с агрессивными взрослыми самцами.

Хотя диета уссурийского бурого медведя в основном растительного происхожения, будучи самым крупным хищником, он способен убить любую добычу.

В Сихотэ-Алине уссурийские бурые медведи устраивают логово в основном в норах, вырытых на склонах холмов, хотя в редких случаях они могут отсиживаться в скальных породах или строить наземные убежища. Бурые медведи редко встречают своих соседей, уссурийских черных медведей, так как они отрываются на более высоких отметках и на более крутых склонах, чем последний вид. В нечастых случаях они могут напасть на своих меньших сородичей.

Весной на среднем Сахалине бурые медведи питаются прошлогодней красной черникой, муравьями и мелкими насекомыми, а в конце сезона концентрируются на побегах и корневищах высоких трав. В южной части острова они поедают икру устриц, а также насекомых и кленовые ветки. Весной в Сихотэ-Алине питаются желудями, маньчжурскими грецкими орехами и семенами кедрового ореха. Во времена нехватки пищи поедают муравьев, личинок, корни лилии. В начале лета медведи снимают кору с елей, покрытых белой корой, и питаются камбием и соком. Также они едят ягоды жимолости, тиса, амурского винограда и облепихи. На юге Сахалина их летняя диета состоит из смородины и черноплодной рябины. В нерестовый период рыба может составлять до 28 % их рациона.

На Хоккайдо бурый медведь питается мелкими и крупными млекопитающими, рыбой, птицами и насекомыми, такими как муравьи. Недавние увеличения в размерах и весе, достигающие 400 кг или, возможно, до 450 кг до 550 кг, в основном вызваны питанием зерновыми.

Известны случаи встреч двух самых крупных хищников Дальнего Востока, уссурийского бурого медведя и уссурийского тигра. Задокументировано порядка 44-х случаев столкновений этих животных. Примерно в 50 % случаев победителем выходил тигр, медведь погибал, в 27,3 % погибал тигр, в остальных случаях конфликт завершался без явного победителя. При этом надо учитывать тот факт, что тактика нападения и обороны у тигра и медведя различаются, так же как и их физические данные. С крупным бурым медведем не справится даже уссурийский тигр, поэтому говорить в данном случае о тотальном превосходстве тигра некорректно. В то же время медведи, как правило, избегают пересечений с тигром и меняют свой путь после того, как нападают на их след.

Примечания

Животные по алфавиту
Бурые медведи
Животные, описанные в 1867 году

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text:
Walkability to shops, schools, and parks.
Access to nearby buses, trains, and trolleys.
Access to biking lanes, paths, trails, and parking.
Map My Commute
Hayward, CA Neighborhood Information
Tucked away on the sunnier side of the San Francisco Bay and positioned on the doorstep of exciting cultural scenes in both Oakland and San Francisco, Hayward offers a small-town feel that has access to big opportunities. For work, Silicon Valley is short drive across the San Mateo Bridge, where you can be part of the tech boom at Google, Facebook, and Apple. Take in the sites, visit the newly remodeled SFMOMA (San Francisco Museum of Modern Art), and treat yourself to the world-class food and dining that's made the Bay Area a must for foodies everywhere. The best part is that you can work it all off in one of many Redwood-lined trails that surround the area. From the scenic shoreline to the rolling hills, Hayward is a lively city that is at the center of it all.
Neighborhood Highlights
Close to It All
Explore the sights, sounds, and tastes of neighboring San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose.
Cultural Cuisines
Indulge in an eclectic mix of delicious area cultural cuisines.
Soak up the sun amidst the miles of nearby multi-use trails and bike paths.
Cal State East Bay is an easy commute from your apartment.
Shoppers Delight
Get your retail fix at nearby Southland Shopping Mall or hit San Francisco for a unique variety of world-class shops and boutiques.
Break a sweat and get some fresh air at Dry Creek Pioneer Regional Park and Don Castro Regional Recreation Area.
With a wide range of floor plan options, you'll have no problem finding a space that's perfect for you.
See Floor Plans & Pricing
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What was the employee's last salary? Did he or she always receive merit increases? Did his or her salary include bonuses, incentives, or overtime?
Is the employee honest in your opinion?
Was it easy to replace him or her?
Since he or she was such a good employee [if, in fact, that is the reference], why didn't your company try to keep him or her from leaving?
Given that none of us are perfect, what would you say his or her shortcomings were?
Did the employee get along with all of his or her coworkers? If not, what factors led to the conflict?
How did the employee come to work for your organization?
Can I take a moment to read you the part of the employee's resume that describes his or her job with you? [After reading the section] Is that a correct description?
Does this person have disciplinary memos in their file? Can you disclose the topic? Did the employee correct the issue to the company's satisfaction?
Is this person eligible for rehire?
Would you rehire them if you could?
Additional hiring and reference resources can be found at www.printing.org/page/3909.


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text: Q: Orientation in GaAs I can't find the precise definition of what is the orientation of a GaAs lattice. Being the superposition of two fcc lattices (one of Ga, the other of As), I would think that it is the direction of the closest Ga atom to any As atom of the structure. Is it right?

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