Hell, I can see that most posts in here are about my projects so I may just as well post another one. Don't give the dust a reason to settle, right?
I wanted to make a quick Christmassy game now that it's that time year and I've decided on this remake of a Spectrum game from 1983 and for some reason I feel pretty good about making a completely non-violent game for a change.
I've been working on it for 2 weeks now and all the important or hard bits are working and now I just a lot of minor things and the gameplay, so it should be done in plenty of time for Christmas. I hoping for about 3 weeks from now.
Here's a screenshot from the original.
It will run at just twice the resolution of the original - 512x384 but it will scale to anything...even if you want to play in 1920x1440 windowed or something like that.
I hope Lobo will do the graphics...or the graphics won't be done by this Christmas. -but I just need to code a little more before involving him.
...who knows how much I could've achieved if I hadn't been yapping on the phone all night and needed to drink because of it?
Lol... As if I would keep score?
Same as I always do - "dangle the carrot and leave people waiting forever".
All the important stuff is done now.
Level 1 plays pretty well but I still need to implement logic for the rest of the levels.
...and a menusystem and a bunch of other small thing are also still left.
But here's a screenshot from level 1 showing Lobo's wonderful graphics.
Looking good sokky me ol' china.
with using a version of Frosty Snowman song of course as ingame song.
I'm sending a another version of this today (version 3, which I think its the last one, the ending should been some where better now).
Today I've reached a sort of milestone on 'The Snowman' as I've completed enough to make a demo.
I've sent it to Flash, Lobo & SpaceFractal so I'm looking forward to hearing some feedback on it.
I think it's a bit funny that, this will be my 6th game in the span of a year, and it's pretty easy to see that all of those 6 games are made by the same person, from the layout of the menu and the options in the game. At least I think so.
...even the one that was not supposed to be made by me, but I'll probably change the credits in the game and put it on my own website sometime soon.
Programming a game is no easy task but having built a small library of functions, and being in practise , makes it easier to concentrate on getting the game to work rather than spending too much time on boring stuff...like the menu system...which is officially the most boring part of making a game.
...now, hopefully I'll get 'round to those piggies soon.
Did someone mention mythical piggies?
When you fall to bed, I would like a little bit more of a delay when the fade finishes before the level restarts.
Sometimes, I can walk through enemies?
Sokurah, I think you should make it more clear on the rules screen (that text should stood first I think about enemy).
Enemy just steal the snow you get on level 1 and 4, but can die on level 2 and 3. Only level 1 was finished yet in that version I have..... I have only tested that finished level.
Another issues as I have PM and talked about, is the stop-watch does not stop the enemy, which it should only do that on level 2 and 3, so its have no mean to use on level 1 and 4. Food should allways to been used for more energy.
Alright, it's done. There's a few things that could be improved but this is the date I've decided to have it finished and overall I'm pretty satisfied with the result. Gotta leave a few things for version 1.1 right.
Click picture to go to the download page.
Though I do confer with an RR post - the ease at which you fall off the edge of a platform is a little frustrating sometimes. I walk toward a ladder, believing that I am pushing up, and fall off the edge . This is the most common way I lose lives. I know the original is the same - so perhaps it should be so.
I did report that 'falling off the edge at first' but the way the engine is set up is just can't be avoided I guess. The trick for me was to learn not to get too close to the edges. I've completed the game that way.
Fallling of edge is the only way you can die on level 1 and 4 except if you running out of fuel. In one of the test version he did fall very slow, but its MUCH better now and nice one. Its annoyring, but its a part of the game, so that it, so dont fall of the edge .
If you read my post over at RR you'll see that I've fixed a few bugs and added an 'Easy' mode where you can't step off the platforms.
The original game was like that too so I didn't really want to change it - especially since the game was already very easy, but now the option is there for those who wants it. Everyone's happy. On second thought I should've at least changed the scoring in easy mode to compensate a bit for how easy it gets - after all you can only die on 2 of the screens now (well, all 4 if you run out of time). I did lower the number of snowballs you have from 6 to 5 though.
So, a version 1.1 is available now.
Oh, I can't seem to find the button that allows me to write my name in the snow?
...but it's probably better to go outside.


VIENNA, Oct 18 (KUNA) -- Austria has established a special office at the Vienna International Airport to tackle issues and status of immigration seekers.
Austrian Television, citing a statement released by the Ministry of Interior on Thursday, said the immigration seekers would no longer be shifted to asylum camps and would rather be interrogated at the air facility for a short period.
Only those of "exceptional condition" would be allowed to enter the country, it said, without explaining.
Meanwhile, director of the Austrian Minister of Interior's Bureau, Reinhardt Toefl, said immigration applications dropped to 15,000 this year.
However, he indicated that Bosnia Herzegovina is witnessing arrival of a mounting number of transit immigration seekers, intending to end up in Austria or other favored European countries.


With 2019 upon us, I can't help looking forward to our District Events and the next, fast approaching riding season. The number of riding options being provided by the district and chapters in our district is overwhelming.
Looking for riding options? Check WWW.GWRRA-NWC.COM there you will find 2 scheduled District Rides, The District Rally – "Wings in the Cariboo", Victoria Days Rally as well as "30 plus" organized rides on the lower mainland ride schedule. This does not take into account other chapter ride schedules in the District, also available on the District Web Page.
If you have questions about any of the rides do not hesitate to email Keiller Gowans our district ride coordinator; rides@gwrra-nwc.com. He has put together excellent rides for us this year. There should be no reason this year to not get out and participate in one or more of the scheduled rides.
Another Vancouver Motorcycle show has come and gone, our District participated and had what I believe to be one of the most successful shows ever. We "spread" the word, signed up a significant number of new members and created a presence among the British Columbia ridership attending the show.
I want to send thanks to the many volunteers that contributed their time and efforts to support us at the Vancouver motorcycle show; especially Giselle Collins & Dave Ward for the countless hours of effort they put in to making the show happen for our district. Giselle was at the show all 3 days and literally put over 30 hours in herself. Giselle was exceptionally organized and everything went very smoothly…thank you for job well done!
Working toward our goal of an ARC at each Chapter in 2019, Gavin McKenna & I will be in contact with all CD's to arrange for dates and venues within the next 4-6weeks. We will also be reviewing the levels program and encouraging everyone to enroll, upgrade or renew their levels status. We will also be working on hosting MFA's (Medical First Aid Course) at all chapter levels to enable members to ease into the levels program. Stay tuned for program notices.
Riding season is getting closer daily and I am excited to take advantage of all the riding opportunities. I would like to see a "profusion of participation" from all chapters at all riding events this year. Let's make it the best riding season ever!
Thank you for a great start to this year! Thank you for being members of GWRRA; your membership and participation is what makes GWRRA the finest international riding association in North America.
Until I see you all again, Be safe – Ride safe.
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Great pizza and good friends, that is what this is all about. Come on down for some fellowship and fun, not to mention the best pizza in the lower mainland!


text:
Tom Glass
Protecting Protests, Persons, AND Property
In a statement issued yesterday evening, June 1, the President gave a briefing on the riots and looting that have hijacked the peaceful protests about the tragic murder of George Floyd. For those who value liberty, the Constitution, and a limited federal government, the startling part of the speech was:
"First, we are ending the riots and lawlessness that has spread throughout our country. We will end it now. Today, I have strongly recommended to every governor to deploy the National Guard in sufficient numbers that we dominate the streets. Mayors and governors must establish an overwhelming law enforcement presence until the violence has been quelled.
If a city or a state refuses to take the actions that are necessary to defend the life and property of their residents, then I will deploy the United States military and quickly solve the problem for them." (Emphasis added.)
I wanted to explore what the Constitution and law say about deploying the U.S. military onto the streets of cities in the states and offer some comments about some of the flame wars breaking out in this group over the President's statement. This is a VERY complicated issue with lots of cross-currents and history. There is no way I am going to be able to address all issues related to this in this piece. But let's try.
Let's start with the most applicable part of the U.S. Constitution, Article IV, Section 4, which states:
"The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence."
Note it is the state legislature or governor that has to request involvement in the state for domestic violence. The feds are not allowed under the Constitution to go into a state for domestic violence without invitation by the state.
Another applicable section is the powers delegated to Congress in Art. I, Section 8: "To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions."
Note this is a Congressional authorization to call out the Militia, not the standing military. The framers made a BIG deal about that distinction.
People have said that the President is invoking the Insurrection Act when he makes his statement. The current version of the Act has three main parts, two of which have only been in existence since 2006, post-Katrina, having been modified again in 2008.
The original part of the Insurrection Act closely followed the Constitution:
"10 U.S.C. 251 Federal aid for State governments Whenever there is an insurrection in any State against its government, the President may, upon the request of its legislature or of its governor if the legislature cannot be convened, call into Federal service such of the militia of the other States, in the number requested by that State, and use such of the armed forces, as he considers necessary to suppress the insurrection."
No problem there that I can see. And note the reliance of "the militia of other States," not the military. (Of course, the normal solution is for the governor to call up his own militia.)
But then we get to the new section of the law, which I dub the Lincolnian provision of the Insurrection Act. By describing it as Lincolnian, I mean it is wholly without constitutional authority and was essentially made up by the federal government to bring the states that created the federal government under the control of the state's creation, the federal government. Note that it authorizes the standing army in addition to the militia! Here it is:
"10 U.S.C. 252 Use of militia and armed forces to enforce federal authority Whenever the President considers that unlawful obstructions, combinations, or assemblages, or rebellion against the authority of the United States, make it impracticable to enforce the laws of the United States in any State by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, he may call into Federal service such of the militia of any State, and use such of the armed forces, as he considers necessary to enforce those laws or to suppress the rebellion."
And finally, we have what I would call the attempted use of the Fourteenth Amendment to justify federal intervention. It also authorizes the use of the standing army in addition to militia of other states:
"10 U.S.C. 253 Interference with State and Federal Law (Added post Katrina in 2006, modified again in 2008) The President, by using the militia or the armed forces, or both, or by any other means, shall take such measures as he considers necessary to suppress, in a State, any insurrection, domestic violence, unlawful combination, or conspiracy, if it— (1) so hinders the execution of the laws of that State, and of the United States within the State, that any part or class of its people is deprived of a right, privilege, immunity, or protection named in the Constitution and secured by law, and the constituted authorities of that State are unable, fail, or refuse to protect that right, privilege, or immunity, or to give that protection; or (2) opposes or obstructs the execution of the laws of the United States or impedes the course of justice under those laws. In any situation covered by clause (1), the State shall be considered to have denied the equal protection of the laws secured by the Constitution."
The application of the Fourteenth Amendment is WAY too complicated to address in this piece.
Another fact which puts a sad light on this whole affair. It is related to this picture of George Washington leading the militia into Pennsylvania during the Whiskey Rebellion. I learned by reading the excellent Founding Father's Guide to the Constitution by Brion McClanahan that neither the Pennsylvania legislature nor Governor Thomas Mifflin, a hero of the American War for Independence and signer of the Constitution, asked Washington or the feds to help in that rebellion. Washington did it anyway, and in doing so, by any objective analysis, violated the Constitution.
As McClanahan said, "Washington established a precedent that allowed Abraham Lincoln to send the army into the Southern States in 1861 without" their request.
Such is the sad state of federalism and respect for the Constitution in this issue.
I created a group called Texas Constitutional Enforcement that was founded to persuade Texas elected officials to honor their oaths, exercise independent judgment about constitutional meaning, and to stop the feds when they violate the Constitution in Texas. We also promote a healthy sense of sovereignty and independence on the part of Texas elected officials.
We hope when it comes to domestic violence, our leaders will think that we Texans can handle that on our own. This is the state, after all, that coined the term, "One riot, one Ranger."
So far, the actions Governor Abbott have taken on this topic are, as usual mixed. On May 31, he has declared a state of disaster for "counties in the midst of violent protests that endanger public safety and threaten property loss and damage." The Governor's website says: "Under this declaration, the Governor has the ability to designate federal agents to serve as Texas Peace Officers." So, he has invited federal agents, anyway, to assist Texas with the riots and the aftermath.
But, in response to President Trump's statement, Governor Abbott held a press conference, today, he said in part: "Texas is up to this task, because Texans can overcome any challenge. We will seize this moment to bridge the divides that exist in our state so that we can keep Texas the greatest state in America."
The statement he issued went on to say, "To end the violence, vandalism, and looting experienced across the state, the Governor has deployed DPS officers and Texas National Guardsmen to several cities in Texas—including 1,000 DPS officers and hundreds of Guardsmen to the Dallas-Fort Worth region. They are working alongside federal partners from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to stop the violence and protect those protesting peacefully. The Governor also noted that the state is working with four United States Attorneys in Texas to ensure that individuals coming from across state lines to hijack peaceful protests with violence will be subject to federal prosecution."
I have seen this being reported as a way of the Governor telling the President that troops are not needed in Texas. I suspect that this is right, and that President Trump will see it that way.
Now, let me say a few things about some controversies playing out in the media and on social media. First, I agree with the Declaration of Independence. The purpose of government is to secure these rights – the rights to life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness (and the right to property and its protection).
Citizens have the right to assemble and speak and petition their government for redress of grievances. Just as I opposed the lockdowns for violations of those rights, I (and everybody I have heard speak on this topic) oppose any attempt to squelch such protests by government when a policeman murders a citizen. I will say that personally, I have not seen any level of government seek to repress peaceful protest so far.
I have seen what appears to be paid, organized efforts by agitators to hijack the legitimate, peaceful protests going on around the state to turn them violent. There are three separate and distinct activities: 1) legitimate peaceful protest via assembly and speech and petition for redress of government; 2) rioting that includes the assault on persons and property; and 3) looting, which of course is just callous exploitation of chaos to steal the property of others.
Does anyone really need to have instruction on the stark difference between peaceful protest and the other two? Governments were instituted to protect peaceful protest and to stop and punish rioting and looting. The rule of law and the Constitution protects number one and calls for a strong response against 2 and 3.
I am angry, and I think every person peacefully protesting the murder of Floyd should be angry, about the hijacking of that legitimate activity by violent assaults, destruction of property, and theft. I especially want the financiers, the masterminds, and the agents provocateur who instigated the attacks on the people of Texas and the icons of Texas, including the Alamo and our State Capitol brought to justice.
Texans of good will on the left and right have something to unite about - anger at the murder of Floyd and anger at the sinister forces that have tried to hijack peaceful protests about that to achieve their own tyrannical and divisive ends.
I want to watch HOW that is done, to make sure that this does not set us up for more centralized federal tyranny in the future. We should work to stop the deployment of active duty military into Texas. As stated above, I think it likely that this will not be done in Texas. I will let other states worry about that should it happen to them.
Given that I think it likely that the agitators who launched the assaults in Texas were indeed "not from around here," I am not too shaken up by the use of the FBI and the U.S. Attorney's office to pursue those perpetrators, although I will gladly take any admonishment for that stance from my friends. I much prefer that Texans run Texas and handle this ourselves.
Tom Glass lives in Northwest Harris County. Click here to reach his email. He is also on Facebook as Tom G Glass. He leads a group called Texas Constitutional Enforcement which can be explored at its website or Facebook group.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
How do you adapt in an uncertain world? Lessons from the Thames Estuary 2100 project
Report draws on lessons learned during TE2100 to demonstrate how such large-scale decisions can be made robust in the face of deep uncertainty over future climate using a route-map approach.
Reeder, Tim
Ranger,Nicola
World Resources Report
http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/uploads/wrr_reeder_and_ranger_uncertainty…
Reeder, T., and N. Ranger, 2011: How do you adapt in an uncertain world? Lessons from the Thames Estuary 2100 project. World Resources Report Uncertainty Series, Vol. 1, 16 pp.


text:
History of the Polish People in Rochester
ALTHOUGH the controversial events described in the preceding section are highly important in their relation to the history of the local Polish group, and at the time engrossed the attention of almost the entire community-to some extent, in fact, that of the city itself-it must not be supposed that these events took place to the complete exclusion of all other developments within the settlement, or that every Pole in the city was an active participant. Activity which was going forward in several quarters, and which upon the termination of the parish dispute immediately accelerated, points to the conclusion that even during this diverting excitement, the basis was being laid for a smooth and healthy resuscitation.
Important among the organizations at work during this period was one which, in the nature of things, could not have become entangled in the internal warfare of any of the contending factions; namely, the Polish Socialist Alliance. Committed at the outset to a non-religious creed, whose followers studiously avoided all church connections, its interest centered at once about certain projects which had somewhat inspired its formation, and which proceeded to more or less successful accomplishment, unimpeded by the outward course of affairs.
The presence of Polish Socialists in Rochester probably dates from the early nineteen hundreds and it will ho remembered that the Socialist group became articulate as an organized body in May, 1905. The Polish Socialist Alliance in tile United States, with headquarters in New York City, had existed since 1896, a national party with which the local chapter was affiliated. Unlike the Polish National Alliance, however, the parliamentary structure of the Socialist party permitted much more liberal group autonomy, and in effect, the Rochester branch has existed since its foundation as an essentially independent society.
(Footnote 23) The study of various political movements classed under the head of Socialism, occurring in the Polish territories from 1795 to the restoration presents many complexities and is obviously impossible to consider in this volume. As a safeguard against misconstruction, however, it should be mentioned that the term "Socialist" as used in this connection applies strictly to Polish Socialists and ordinarily is not accompanied by the connotation of internationalism usually attaching to its use.
Sporadic Socialist movements had been a feature of European Poland almost from the date of the last partition, and patriotic groups frequently found in one or another form of Socialism a congenial environment in which to work for Polish freedom, a situation which created much misunderstanding among Poles themselves as well as among sympathetic alien peoples. (23) At the time of the Russo-Japanese War (1905-6) the powerful Socialist wing in European Poland saw the involvement of Russia with Pacific affairs as a long awaited opportunity for Polish insurrection. Failing of adequate support from the outside, however, this movement proved abortive and was put down by the Czarist government in a tedious and painful campaign of sanguinary guerilla warfare, highly ennervating to Polish morale. Fear and disappointment resulting from this unsuccessful revolution caused many Polish Socialists to emigrate, and investigation will show that their ranks in the United States grew materially during 1905 and the four or five subsequent years.
The Rochester Alliance of Polish Socialists was formed in May, 1905, under the leadership of Franciszek Kryszewski, with the immediate purpose of self-education in political matters, becoming one of the first Polish societies in the city to organize toward this end. Having had for three years no permanent meeting place, the group in 1908 rented space in an empty tailor shop on Bernard Street, a building since demolished. In keeping with its program of mental improvement, Polish books were purchased and a public library founded, containing 213 hound volumes, besides numerous periodicals and current bulletins dealing with Socialist affairs. It should be noted that the organization at that time was not large, and this ambitious enterprise represented a considerable sacrifice of money and effort on the part of individual members, particularly in view of the great difficulty with which books and publications in the Polish language were procured and imported to this country.
The library, being at the disposal of the entire community, met with prompt response and became an extraordinary success. Contributions came to it from many private sources and its popularity soon made it evident that new and larger quarters were necessary. Accordingly, on October 1, 1911, the large frame dwelling at 818 Hudson Avenue was acquired, and in this roomy structure the organization established its headquarters. Indeed, it may seem that the child had now overshadowed its parent, for title to the new building was vested in a corporation, the Polish People's Library, Inc., a device employed for the somewhat naive reason that Socialistic principles forbade the ownership of real estate by a Socialist society.
The interest in real estate and the security which its possession is thought to afford is significant of the intense nationalism of the Pole, to which, of course, even the idealism of the Socialist philosophy has been subservient. Almost simultaneously with the permanent installation of the library, a cooperative home building corporation was being formed, also the outgrowth of the Socialist Alliance. For a number of years this company functioned efficiently, building amid disposing of upwards of seventeen houses in the vicinity of Weyl Street. A cooperative store for the sale of groceries and retail merchandise was started, the idea being later taken up by other groups in the community. This type of joint venture, for some reason, was short-lived. It may be said, however, that the program of the local Socialist Alliance during these years added much of value to the life of the Polish community, and its comparative independence of the disputes which held other programs somewhat in abeyance made its contribution doubly important in the circumstances.
(Footnote 24) The present city of Lwow, renamed in Polish after the restoration.
Another organization, later to assume a position of high importance among local Poles, and, during the World War, to the city of Rochester, had quietly held its first meeting and elected its first officers in the midst of the parish dissension. This was the Polish Falcons' Gymnastic Society, known to national Slavic circles as Nest 52. Again the outside world reached into Rochester to advance further the cause of Polish freedom and again the local settlement of Poles rallied about ancient banners, for the Falcon Society as an institution dates from 1875 and had its origin in Lemberg (24), Austrian Poland. In Europe. as elsewhere, the Falcon movement had ostensibly existed only for purposes of athletic development, but always over the innocent exercises in which its members engaged there hung, as a pillar of fire in the wilderness, the fond hope that one day this league of Polish youth might become the nucleus of a national army. In 1880 the Polish National Alliance had encouraged the establishment of Falcon societies in the United States and the national association formed as a result became the father of the Rochester chapter.
The American Falcon program at its inception and for many years thereafter was strictly athletic with no official emphasis upon military ideas. Notwithstanding its requirements for membership in the early days were extremely strict, indicating that the possible mnilitary future of the movement was borne constantly in mind by its leaders. Young men seeking to join were placed on one year's probation, during which interval their characters and lives were intimately and rigidly scrutinized. Admission to full membership meant subscription to a code of honor and regimen of personal conduct, rigorous as such undertakings are when inspired by lofty patriotic sentinients.
Rochester Falcons organized unobtrusively on New Year's Day, 1905, under the presidency of Stephen Kwiatkowski, one of the charter members of the old St. Casimir's Society, and now a veteran resident of the Polish Community. Its headquarters until 1912 were in Maciejewski, or Pulaski Hall, and, although indirectly the outgrowth of Polish National Alliance activity, the society began its career on friendly terms with the church. A Mass, in fact, in recognition of its foundation was celebrated by Father Szadzinski. Disapproval by the priest came later, however, apparently arising from the subsequent formation of Falconettes, a girls' auxiliary, whose cooperation with Falcons in the pursuit of certain common objectives was considered not in accord with the Church's principle of sex segregation.
In the spring of 1906, the Falcons' Society determined to become a chapter of Polish National Alliance and on May 2nd of that year this affiliation was completed with the receipt of a charter from Alliance headquarters and the assignment to Falcons of the conventional designation, Group 783. Since that time the organization has maintained fairly constant relations with the National Alliance, although Group 783, as such has dissolved by its merger on February 20, 1923 with P. N. A. Group 216, the oldest Rochester chapter, which now comprises both its original membership and that of the Falcons' Society.
The momentous activity of this gymnastic club properly began in 1911, when its greatly augmented ranks necessitated a building of its own. Despite the fact that finances hardly warranted this project, it was bravely started and successfully finished. Stories of the expedients adopted to accumulate funds and to minimize expenditures are highly inspiring. The Polish contractor, Marion Wojnowski, who undertook the job, lent his hearty support, and the performance of labor involved became a kind of community adventure. Falcons themselves took pick and shovel and excavated the site, military fashion, in squads, arousing the applause and assistance of friends and neighbors, and realizing from the experience a considerable amount of enthusiastic amusement as well as much needed economy.
Volunteer Members of Falcons' Society digging excavations for Falcon' Hall at 290 Wehl Street, Rochester.
On May 30, 1913, the new hall at 290 Weyl Street, was dedicated in the presence of Theophil A. Starzynski, national President of Falcons' Association, Joseph Krysztawkiewicz, of Buffalo, President of the so-called 3rd District of Falcons, Mr. and Mrs. George B. Draper, the latter now on the staff of the Rochester Corporation Counsel, Mr. and Mrs. William T. Noonan, then a high official of the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway and Colonel Brown, the Masonic parade marshal, through whose friendly offices, Falcons were for many years accorded a favored place in the line of march of Memorial Day processions. To some extent, therefore, it would seem, that this event marked an awakened interest on the part of non-Polish Rochester in the activities and accomplishments of the growing Polish community.
In a sense also, the signal growth of the Falcon Society at this time calls attention to the name of its President, Stanley K. Kowalski, still a hardworking citizen of the local Polish contingent, to whose lot it has fallen to lead the organization not only during this auspicious time, but indeed during many of its most stirring periods. A native Pole born under Austrian occupation, Kowalski had sought American shores in 1884, and took up permanent residence in Rochester in 1907. He has held the Falcon presidency from 1912 to 1914, 1916 to 1917, and again during the year 1928. His name may be found on the roster of numerous Polish organizations, local and national, and his ceaseless activity in the field of recruiting the Polish army units from this district forms a chapter in the story of wartime years without which any local account of those years would be incomplete.
The partial disintegration of the St. Stanislaus parish, besides stimulating the organization of these important secular groups, actually imparted fresh vigor to the growth of the parish itself. Among those who had remained faithful to the priest, an intense and unswerving loyalty had developed, lending strong momentum to the program in which Father Szadzinski was interested.
One of St. Stanislaus' most important societies, Our Lady of Perpetual Help, came into being on July 30, 1905, on the eve of the open quarrel. To its banner rallied forty-three staunch supporters of the pastor, under the original presidency of Matcusz Zagurski, and during the thirty years since its birth this organization has been a large factor in the prosperity and expansion of its parish. It is at present headed by George Warzocha.
For a number of years prior to the parish dissension, it had been the determination of Father Szadzinski to undertake the erection of a new church building, a project which, in fact, was launched during the most trying and unsettled days in the history of St. Stanislaus. Ground was broken in 1907 and on July 5, 1908, cornerstone ceremonies were held. In August, 1909, the building was solemnly dedicated by the Rt. Rev. Thomas F. Hickey, Bishop of Rochester, and the dedication sermon presented by Rev. Alexander Pitass of Buffalo. The distinguished Polish Bishop, Rt. Rev. Paul Rhode, of Green Bay, Wisconsin, also was present and pronounced the formal blessing. With this event, long cherished dreams of priest and parish became a reality, and the imposing church building, with its Roman-Byzantine spire at the corner of Norton Street and Hudson Avenue, has since effectively symbolized the permanence of St. Stanislaus in the life of its community and of Rochester.
(Footnote 25) An Impression is current among some older residents of the Polish community to the effect that Father Szadzinski's death was in part the result of an accident which occurred during an inspection by him of the partially completed church edifice. It has been impossible to verify this supposition, however.
Tragically associated with this significant event is the death of Father Szadzinski himself, which occurred almost simultaneously with the realization of his paramount ambition. The extraordinary burden which this task placed upon him, rendered infinitely more difficult by the distracting differences seething within the parish during this period, proved fatal to the health of the priest, who was confined to the sick room some time prior to the completion of the church edifice. Notwithstanding this handicap, he insisted upon directing all parish affairs personally from the bedside, so vital was his interest in finishing the work upon which his heart was set. The dedication procession was witnessed by him from the window of the rectory, while sitting in a wheel chair, and on August 27th, 1909, but a few days later, he died. (25)
The career of Father Szadzinski, so thoroughly identified with the single parish in which he served, is curiously interesting and cannot but prove increasingly significant as years pass. The extraordinary tenacity of purpose which he displayed in the face of trying obstacles, his dogged devotion to the growth and establishment of the tiny church which had been placed in his charge, constitute a distinct and valuable contribution to community life, typifying, as these qualities do, so much that is desirable and necessary in the development of civic responsibility.
(Footnote 26) In non-Polish circles this name has been spelled "Kleina", a concession permitted by the priest for convenience, in view of his wide interest and activity in civic affairs generally.
(Footnote 27) The death of Father Klejna on Sept. 22. 1934. was announced while this volume was on the press. His remains were brought to St. Stanislaus, where his funeral was held, and were interred in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery.
During the years immediately succeeding Father Szadzinski's death, the affairs of St. Stanislaus were ably administered by Rev. Helminiak, a former assistant, and in June, 1910, Rev. Ignatius Klejna, a native of Dabrowka, Poland, was appointed its permanent rector. Father Klejna (26) enjoyed a long and prosperous pastorate, and guided the affairs of the parish through the trouble-some years of the war, during which time he greatly endeared himself to the Polish community and to Rochester. Further building projects were undertaken by him, notably the St. Stanislaus convent at 919 Norton Street, completed in August, 1915, and the present rectory on St. Stanislaus Street, completed in 1918. (27)
These years were somewhat distinguished also by the expansion of local commercial ventures. Shops and stores were enlarged and rendered sufficiently attractive to draw much patronage from outside the community. Notable among new establishments was the bakery of Stanley Dukat, founded in 1903, which became well known for the quality of its delicacies throughout northeastern Rochester. In 1910, Dukat became associated with Walter Wojtczak, who later (1921) purchased the business, and now maintains it as one of the best known independent bakeries in Rochester. Both of these men have played important parts in the public life of their community. Following his departure from the bakery business, Dukat became connected with a number of pretentious commercial ventures in the Polish settlement and his family is well known in the city. Mention of him will recall to many Rochesterians the name of Emily Dukat, his daughter, a violinist of great promise whose untimely death is still mourned by her many associates among local musicians. Wojtczak is well known in this city not only for the business in which he is engaged, but as having received in 1931, at the hands of Pope Pius XI the Order of St. Gregory, becoming one of the first five communicants of the Rochester Diocese to enjoy this distinguished recognition.
The period herein treated is further marked by the greater organized interest in community music. Presumably, much of this stimulus proceeded from the enthusiasm of the musician, Franciszek Piorczynski, a native Pole who took up residence here in 1892 and served as organist of St. Stanislans Church from 1907 until his death in 1919. The Star Society of Girl Singers was organized by him in January, 1909, a choral group which, although short-lived (discontinued 1911), proved extraordinarily active in the pursuit of its musical ambitions. On June 14th of the same year (1909) also under the baton of Piorczynski, the well known Echo Singing Society came into being. This group adopted parliamentary formality in its structure, electing as president Joseph Kuzminski, and has occasionally supplemented musical functions with the addition of dramatics and allied social activities.
CHARTER MEMBERSHIP, ECHO SINGING SOCIETY, BACK ROW, left to right, Edward Sypniewski, Leon Badura, Eugeniusz Oszywa, Michal Dobosz; MIDDLE ROW, left to right, Maryan Szatkowski, Kazimierz Pilznianshi, Wladyslaw Bartczak, Boleslaw Naglik, Walenty Jablonski; FRONT ROW, left to right, Antoni Wardynski, Josef Kuzminski, Franciszek Piorczynski, Antoni Paprocki, Jan Chlebowski, Stanislaw Binkowski, Ignacy Pilznienski.
Echo Musical Society Building (1934), Sobieski Street, Rochester.
The Echo Society has, in fact, become one of Rochester's foremost musical groups, and its participation is frequently enlisted in civic celebrations of one sort or another. One of the most colorful and effective presentations in the elaborate Shakespearean tercentenary of 1916 was organized and presented under its auspices, and its members have proved on numerous occasions their enthusiastic and tireless interest in the finished performance of choral music for the benefit not only of the Polish community but that of the city at large. On November 20, 1920, this organization incorporated as "Rochester Echo Singing Association, Inc." and in July, 1933, began the construction of its new building, now complete, pictured herein.
(Footnote 28) Named for Moniuszko, the Polish composer of vocal and choral music, well known for his opera "Halka".
Musical expression was further advanced on January 6, 1912, by the organization of Moniuszko Singing Circle (28) with Michael Klosowski as president. One of the first societies to enter community life from the new St. Casimir parish, the Circle has enjoyed a long and anive eareer. Its serious efforts have been confined principally to the national and religious chorals characteristic of old Poland, a singularly fruitful field for musical exploration.
September 1, 1918 saw the initial meeting of Chor Ludowy, or People's Choir, of which Antoni Bogdziewicz became president and Casimir Baranowski director. To a large extent this choir was the outgrowth of the Socialist and allied groups interested in the Polish People's Library. For a number of years its musical development proceeded slowly, for lack of suitable accommodations, but with the acquisition by its sponsors of the building at 818 Hudson Avenue, which later became People's Hall, regular rehearsals began and the society soon took its place among the other musical clubs. Of late years the choir has interested itself in the community instruction of Polish-American children, an enterprise which has occupied its attention somewhat to the exclusion of music.
Begun as small neighborhood aggregations, these groups have, in the passing of time, proved significant for the manner in which their work has brought the Polish settlement into contact with the city, and helped to make it an integral factor in Rochester life. The keen interest in music, which seems to have distinguished the city of Rochester from earliest thues, has offered for the expansion and recognition of such organizations opportunities which do not often exist in large American communities.
The period from 1890 through 1910 also brought to Rochester an increasingly large number of concerts and other artistic presentations by Polish artists of national and international fame. Joseph Sliwinski, the pianist, played in 1894, and the frequent visits of Paderewski were becoming traditional at this time. Madame Modjeska, whose dramatic career was now drawing to a close, honored the city with no less than four "positively farewell engagements" during the six years 1895-1901. Investigation shows that the Rochester Polish settlement now was taking an alert interest in these events and had begun to lend its wholehearted support to their success.
Any consideration of the avenues through which the early Polish community established greater identity with Rochester as a cily ntust include mention of a modest group of youngsters from the vicinity of St. Stanislaus Church, assembled in 1902 to form our first Polish baseball team, the Hudson Stars. The outgrowth at first of that natural interest in the great American game with which all youth inevitably becomes infected in this country, this club soon wearied of impromptu games in the vacant lots of its own neighborhood and cast down the gauntlet before other nines in and about Rochester. Some of the earliest close friendships developed between Polish-Americans and Americans of other backgrounds at this time and can be traced to the influence of this and other ventures of its kind originating soon afterward.
CHARTER MEMBERSHIP, HUDSON STARS BASEBALL TEAM. STANDING, left to right, Frank Paprocki, Ladislaus Kotwas, John Bernacki, John Plica, Andrew Gorzadzielski, Michael Lipinski, Joseph Balcerak. SEATED, left to right, Frank Kwiatkowski, Ladislaus Budny, Joseph Paprocki, Casimir Mrzywka, Waclaw Murawski.
In deference to the baseball prowess achieved by the Hudson Stars, the famous season of 1903 should not go unrecorded, in which the banner of victory was won in thirty-five of the thirty-six games played. Perhaps the outstanding feature of this season was the game with an East Rochester team, forfeited to the Stars by their opponents in the fifth inning with the score 35-0, when Charles Budny of the winning team batted with such superlative zeal that the ball disappeared completely and was never found thereafter.
This interesting baseball team is further distinguished for its leader in 1903, Frank J. Paprocki, who later won numerous laurels in the field of sports and in 1912 became a pitcher with the Baltimore Orioles, a career which was abruptly interrupted by an injury to his arm. Paprocki has been intimately identified with amateur and professional sports in Rochester and Western New York for many years, and became in 1916 one of the organizers of the old Rochester National baseball team, the record of which is well known to local sportsmen.
Investigation of community activity during the first years of the twentieth century discloses another interesting trend in the direction of peculiarly American institutions. This is the remarkable interest which appears to have been taken in the purchase of insurance. It is likely that this circumstance is not altogether coincidental. The fact that such protection usually accompanied membership in the various societies is novel, and inquiry reveals that such groups sought by introducing this feature, not sa much to attract members as to justify their existence in the eyes of the Church or similar powerful agencies which might otherwise question their motives. It is, moreover, to be observed that the factional turmoil resulting in the division of St. Stanislaus parish seriously disturbed that sense of personal security which had characterized the more native European element in the Polish settlement, helping also to awaken interest in the security offered by strongly financed insurance corporations.
In fact the first organizations to adopt insurance programs were church societies. Prior to 1908, Our Lady of Perpetual Help Society in St. Stanislaus seems to have been the chief, if not the only group possessing this feature. Two other St. Stanislaus societies, that of St. Lawrence, (Oct. 9, 1909) and Polish Roman Catholic Union, 799 (April 3, 1914, with Frank Kocinski as President) apparently originated with the insurance idea definitely in mind. The latter, first chapter of the Polish Roman Catholic Union to organize in this city, is an outgrowth of its national parent, the Roman Catholic Union in the United States. This is a closely knit association of Polish Roman Catholic laymen, devoted to the preservation and advancement of parish fealty. There is evidence indicating that the Union came into being partially as a deterrent to the influence of dissenting groups involved in church differences with the Polish National Alliance. However, the Rochester chapter did not organize until some time after local phases of this upheaval had subsided, and therefore has never been identified with these matters. It has, in fact, proved a powerful stimulus to the growth and expansion of St. Stanislaus and has been a factor in the creation of other societies, such as Kosciuszko Benevolent Society, R. C. U. 114 and Group 1250 (Mar. 5, 1933), designated St. Leonard's Society, which is a part of the younger parish of St. Theresa. The original group still exists and Anthony Bednarski is its current president.
The Polish Workers' Sick and Mutual Aid Association, organized in October, 1910, under the leadership of Anthony Kaszuba, has been from the first an exclusively insurance movement. As its name implies, this group sprang largely from the Socialist and allied clubs whose concerted action has done so much to develop community life. The insurance activities of this unit have been signally successful and recent corporate expansion has been undertaken for the purpose of amplifying the benefits which its membership enjoys. At the present time its president is a woman, Mrs. Marya Kaczmarczyk.
(Footnote 29) Dembowski recently met death in an automobile accident, and the affairs of this society are at present administered by Joseph Zajon.
An entirely independent group organized with insurance as a prime motive in February, 1912, under the presidency of Kasimir Dembowski, who was also chosen its president at the last annual meeting. (29) The name Nowe Zycie, or New Life, chosen by this society, is somewhat original and suggests an interest in more social phases of endeavor. The first minutes recorded by Nowe Zycie are striking in their elaborate attempt to make the society acceptable to all factions, and here is revealed perhaps the first of the Rochester Polish organizations which opened its membership to non-Polish Slav. The single curious exception applies to clergymen, a circumstance naively reminiscent of earlier years. This society incorporated in February, 1921, as New Life Benevolent Association, and celebrated successfully its twentieth anniversary October 16, 1932. Of late years the self-education of its members has played a prominent part in its program.
A major catastrophe to the community which occurred May 2, 1913 undoubtedly raised insurance consciousness to a high pitch. On that day the well-known Zielinski lumber yard, with adjoining properties, was completely destroyed by fire. This conflagration, in fact, ranks among the famous fires in Rochester's history, bringing about serious injury to a number of firemen and causing property damage conservatively estimated at $200,000. Starting from unknown sources, the blaze was discovered by a workman early in the afternoon. Weather conditions and the character of the property, however, permitted too great a headway for timely action, and the entire northeast quarter of the city was soon in danger from a flaming furnace fifteen acres in extent. Excitement ran high when it was feared that St. Stanislaus Church had caught, a rumor which fortunately proved false. Numerous buildings in the vicinity and several houses were almost totally destroyed, leaving their occupants homeless.
Side by side with newspaper accounts of the fire appear insurance advertisements urging property owners of the neighborhood to protect their homes, an appeal somewhat fraught with irony, since accounts of efforts to obtain insurance prior to the fire reveal that failure to do so was occasioned chiefly by the prohibitive rates imposed by insurance companies due to the proximity of the lumber yard. It is a fact, however, that fire insurance became much more general in the Polish settlement at this time.
Apropos of community participation generally in the city life of Rochester, it may seem unusual that not until 1914 did there exist any organized group of a partisan political nature. This reluctance to organize politically is explained largely by the characteristic jealousy with which the Pole guards his right to change political opinions, and his consequent unwillingness to place himself "in line", lest allegiances should arise which might interfere with independent thought. To some extent this conclusion is borne out by the career of the Polish Citizens' Social Republican Club, which first met in 1914 with Andrew Gzeszczak as president, a group apparently committed to the concerted advocacy of municipal measures beneficial to the Polish section. Not many years had passed, however, before the society discarded its partisan character and now its doors are open to members of all political parties. John Jagla is now president and permanent headquarters have been established at 1157 Hudson Avenue.
The expansion in Rochester of the Polish National Alliance during these years has somewhat interesting phases. On February 13, 1909, Group 1020 was chartered by the national organization, under the presidency of Wawrzyniec Paluczynski. Considering the recent turbulence of P. N. A. relations with the Church, it is surprising to find that this Group chose St. Stanislaus Hall as its meeting place and has continued to meet there throughout its existence. Theodore Jablonski is now president. A year later John Adamski organized P. N. A. Group 1145, which elected Stephen Mroz first president. This chapter, which still meets at its original home (Markowski Hall, Gilmore St. and Hudson Avenue), declared certain specific objects worthy of note, and indicative of a somewhat practical, if all-inclusive patriotism. These were the patronage of Polish-American business, the promotion of European Polish independence, and the assumption of American citizenship by its members. The latter pronouncement, although implied in the constitutions and early minutes of several previous societies, apparently had not been definitely incorporated into the charter of any Polish organization in Rochester until this time. Excellent work has been accomplished in this field, moreover, and Group 1145, now headed by Victor Podsiadlow, is an active factor in P. N. A. affairs in Rochester.
A PART OP THE MEMBERSHIP, P. N. A. GROUP 1200, "DAUGHTERS OP POLAND". POSED FOR 20TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION, 1930. BACK ROW, left to right: Teresa Lelek, Florentyna Milocz, Teresa Jablonaka, Teresa Lubkiewtcz, Agnieszka Ziebro, Cecylia Zielińska, Weronika Szarlacka, Jadwiga Piorczynska, Agnieszka Corecka, Stanisalawa Dziegielewska, Franciszka Kubacka, Marya Kukura. MIDDLE ROW, left to right: Helena Techmanska, Genowefa Ostrowska, Bronislawa Jasnowska, Antonina Dominiak, Bronislawa Kaleta, Paulina Lossowska, Anna Tanska, Marya Kolansks, Anna Anuszkiewicz, Jozefa Luczak, Wanda Pilznienska, Marya Pogoda, Marya Zemel. FRONT ROW, left to right: Zofia Pietrzak, Eleonora Frantz, Aniela Antczak, Stanislawa Lendzioszek, Marya Dylewska, Eugenia Dembowska, Pelagia Skiba, Antonina Kowalska, Alexandra Dukat, Marya Orlowska, Wladyslawa Kaminska.
On April 10, 1910, there was organized the latest of the Polish National Alliance chapters to form in this city, Group 1200. This is the only exclusively female branch in Rochester, and has selected the designation "Daughters of Poland", by which it is generally known. Organized by Mrs. S. K. Kowalska, its first president was Wladyslawa Sosnowska, whose office is now held by Agnes Ziebro. Group 1200 has during the years rendered incalculable service to the Polish community in several directions. The consolidation of the feminine point of view which resulted from its organization aided greatly in adjusting differences left over from the parish dissension, and united action on the part of Polish women in Rochester received considerable stimulus from the fact of its existence. This group now meets in Falcon Hall, and numbers one hundred and fifty-nine members.
Rev. Ludwig Adamus, Founder and First Pastor of the Rochester Polish Baptist Church
The growth of Polish population, which was substantial during the first decade of the century, brought to the city a sprinkling of Poles of a class never numerous hut becoming increasingly active. These were Polish Baptists. The Baptist appears to have been the first of the Protestant sects to establish organized congregations in European Poland, and immigrants of that faith settling in the United States did not readily associate themselves with the Roman or National Catholic parishes usually found in the Polish communities of American cities, preferring to set up modest organizations of their own. In Rochester the Polish Baptist movement began some time before 1910 under the sponsorship of Rev. Ludwig Adamus, who had been a divinity student at the local seminary and who was ordained in that year.
Christ Polish Baptist Church, Hudson Ave. and Roycroft Drive, Rochester
The interest and assistance of the Baptist Union of Monroe County was enlisted, and in 1911 the church building pictured herein was erected, being designatedas the Polish Baptist Mission of Rochester, which became an independent church on October 5, 1913.
Rev. Adamus served actively as its pastor from 1911 until 1919, after which Rev. Michal S. Lesik assumed the pastorate until 1922. Temporary ministers were thereafter employed until 1926 when Rev. John Czajkowski received pennanent appointment. It was during his incumbency that Tow. Promien, or Society of the Ray, was organized, an interesting group concerning which more will appear in later pages. At present Rev. John Gilewicz is pastor, having come to the congregation in 1932. Although small, the Baptist group is a loyal and active one in the community and its presence is particularly encouraging when it is considered that there are but seventeen Polish Baptist congregations in theUnited States.
Analysis of the developments sketched in preceding pages, and devoted for the most part to the years following the parish upheaval discloses the fact that a kind of assimilation en masse of the Polish community was now gradually transpiring. It is apparent, for example, that the fever to achieve self-expression through organization--an impulse characteristic of most Slavic groups in the United States--was constantly providing new opportunities for the adoption of American ideas. As new aggregations formed, the objects of their existence and the parliamentary mechanics of their creation reflect habits of thought and action upon which life in the new world inevitably was stamping its impress. Reactions to events within the community were acquiring the more practical, cosmopolitan flavor that comes from life in the United States and contact with its varied racial and national backgrounds. Moreover, in view of the extraordinary cohesion of the Rochester Polish settlement, which has persisted in the face of many opposing factors arising within the settlement itself, the conclusion may well be drawn that assimilation of this nature derives a certain stability and vigor from the very fact that its processes were evolutionary and therefore imperceptible during the years of their operation.
Undoubtedly the controlling factor in the unusual exclusiveness of Polish groups, not only in Rochester but in all parts of the world to which the Pole emigrated, has been the concrete determination to play a part in the eventual restoration of nationality to the Polish state. The supreme confidence of the Polish people in the ultimate rebirth of Poland, and the infinite patience with which this event was awaited by successive generations of Poles for a period of over one hundred years constitute an astonishing miracle of national patriotism, sometimes difficult for the nationals of other lands to comprehend. When, however, this phase of Polish temperament is perceived in its full force and vitality, much misunderstanding is at once clarified and many seeming vagaries of Polish viewpoint are seen to bear a consistent relationship to each other in an inspiring struggle toward the attainment of a tremendous ideal.
Events had been for some time preparing the stage on which Poland was to demonstrate her devotion to this ideal, and in its own fashion the city's Polish community had now made ready to prove itself to Rochester. No less world-wide than local, the issue presently was to arise in which the Pole in America should find at last the opportunity of proving his loyalty to the American republic, a loyalty which, in the unique and significant setting of affairs that followed, was finally measured by standards established by his ancestors a hundred years earlier upon European battlefields.
To Part 1
To On-line Books Page
To GenWeb of Monroe Co. page.


"Attack on Titan 2: Final Battle offers aspiring commanders the chance to create their own corps, and fight to recover the land outside of the walls, in the action-packed Territory Recovery Mode. As players start, they'll be able to customize their corps' name and emblem; as well as assign a commander from any of the game's playable characters – including their custom-made Scout from ATTACK ON TITAN 2.
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text:
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseClassTestRule;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNameTestRule;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.exceptions.DeserializationException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.testclassification.ClientTests;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.testclassification.SmallTests;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.EnvironmentEdgeManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.MD5Hash;
import org.junit.ClassRule;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.experimental.categories.Category;

import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.protobuf.UnsafeByteOperations;

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.HBaseProtos;

@Category({ ClientTests.class, SmallTests.class })
public class TestRegionInfoBuilder {

  @ClassRule
  public static final HBaseClassTestRule CLASS_RULE =
    HBaseClassTestRule.forClass(TestRegionInfoBuilder.class);

  @Rule
  public TableNameTestRule name = new TableNameTestRule();

  @Test
  public void testBuilder() {
    TableName tn = TableName.valueOf("test");
    RegionInfoBuilder builder = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(tn);
    byte[] startKey = Bytes.toBytes("a");
    builder.setStartKey(startKey);
    byte[] endKey = Bytes.toBytes("z");
    builder.setEndKey(endKey);
    int regionId = 1;
    builder.setRegionId(1);
    int replicaId = 2;
    builder.setReplicaId(replicaId);
    boolean offline = true;
    builder.setOffline(offline);
    boolean isSplit = true;
    builder.setSplit(isSplit);
    RegionInfo ri = builder.build();

    assertEquals(tn, ri.getTable());
    assertArrayEquals(startKey, ri.getStartKey());
    assertArrayEquals(endKey, ri.getEndKey());
    assertEquals(regionId, ri.getRegionId());
    assertEquals(replicaId, ri.getReplicaId());
    assertEquals(offline, ri.isOffline());
    assertEquals(isSplit, ri.isSplit());
  }

  @Test
  public void testPb() throws DeserializationException {
    RegionInfo ri = RegionInfoBuilder.FIRST_META_REGIONINFO;
    byte[] bytes = RegionInfo.toByteArray(ri);
    RegionInfo pbri = RegionInfo.parseFrom(bytes);
    assertTrue(RegionInfo.COMPARATOR.compare(ri, pbri) == 0);
  }

  @Test
  public void testCreateRegionInfoName() throws Exception {
    final TableName tn = name.getTableName();
    String startKey = "startkey";
    final byte[] sk = Bytes.toBytes(startKey);
    String id = "id";

    // old format region name
    byte[] name = RegionInfo.createRegionName(tn, sk, id, false);
    String nameStr = Bytes.toString(name);
    assertEquals(tn + "," + startKey + "," + id, nameStr);

    // new format region name.
    String md5HashInHex = MD5Hash.getMD5AsHex(name);
    assertEquals(RegionInfo.MD5_HEX_LENGTH, md5HashInHex.length());
    name = RegionInfo.createRegionName(tn, sk, id, true);
    nameStr = Bytes.toString(name);
    assertEquals(tn + "," + startKey + "," + id + "." + md5HashInHex + ".", nameStr);
  }

  @Test
  public void testContainsRange() {
    TableDescriptor tableDesc = TableDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(name.getTableName()).build();
    RegionInfo ri = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(tableDesc.getTableName())
      .setStartKey(Bytes.toBytes("a")).setEndKey(Bytes.toBytes("g")).build();
    // Single row range at start of region
    assertTrue(ri.containsRange(Bytes.toBytes("a"), Bytes.toBytes("a")));
    // Fully contained range
    assertTrue(ri.containsRange(Bytes.toBytes("b"), Bytes.toBytes("c")));
    // Range overlapping start of region
    assertTrue(ri.containsRange(Bytes.toBytes("a"), Bytes.toBytes("c")));
    // Fully contained single-row range
    assertTrue(ri.containsRange(Bytes.toBytes("c"), Bytes.toBytes("c")));
    // Range that overlaps end key and hence doesn't fit
    assertFalse(ri.containsRange(Bytes.toBytes("a"), Bytes.toBytes("g")));
    // Single row range on end key
    assertFalse(ri.containsRange(Bytes.toBytes("g"), Bytes.toBytes("g")));
    // Single row range entirely outside
    assertFalse(ri.containsRange(Bytes.toBytes("z"), Bytes.toBytes("z")));

    // Degenerate range
    try {
      ri.containsRange(Bytes.toBytes("z"), Bytes.toBytes("a"));
      fail("Invalid range did not throw IAE");
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testContainsRangeForMetaTable() {
    TableDescriptor tableDesc =
      TableDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(TableName.META_TABLE_NAME).build();
    RegionInfo hri = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(tableDesc.getTableName()).build();
    byte[] startRow = HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW;
    byte[] row1 = Bytes.toBytes("a,a,0");
    byte[] row2 = Bytes.toBytes("aaaaa,,1");
    byte[] row3 = Bytes.toBytes("aaaaa,\u0000\u0000,2");
    byte[] row4 = Bytes.toBytes("aaaaa,\u0001,3");
    byte[] row5 = Bytes.toBytes("aaaaa,a,4");
    byte[] row6 = Bytes.toBytes("aaaaa,\u1000,5");

    // Single row range at start of region
    assertTrue(hri.containsRange(startRow, startRow));
    // Fully contained range
    assertTrue(hri.containsRange(row1, row2));
    assertTrue(hri.containsRange(row2, row3));
    assertTrue(hri.containsRange(row3, row4));
    assertTrue(hri.containsRange(row4, row5));
    assertTrue(hri.containsRange(row5, row6));
    // Range overlapping start of region
    assertTrue(hri.containsRange(startRow, row2));
    // Fully contained single-row range
    assertTrue(hri.containsRange(row1, row1));
    // Degenerate range
    try {
      hri.containsRange(row3, row2);
      fail("Invalid range did not throw IAE");
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testLastRegionCompare() {
    TableDescriptor tableDesc = TableDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(name.getTableName()).build();
    RegionInfo rip = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(tableDesc.getTableName())
      .setStartKey(Bytes.toBytes("a")).setEndKey(new byte[0]).build();
    RegionInfo ric = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(tableDesc.getTableName())
      .setStartKey(Bytes.toBytes("a")).setEndKey(Bytes.toBytes("b")).build();
    assertTrue(RegionInfo.COMPARATOR.compare(rip, ric) > 0);
  }

  @Test
  public void testMetaTables() {
    assertTrue(RegionInfoBuilder.FIRST_META_REGIONINFO.isMetaRegion());
  }

  @Test
  public void testComparator() {
    final TableName tableName = name.getTableName();
    byte[] empty = new byte[0];
    RegionInfo older = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(tableName).setStartKey(empty).setEndKey(empty)
      .setSplit(false).setRegionId(0L).build();
    RegionInfo newer = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(tableName).setStartKey(empty).setEndKey(empty)
      .setSplit(false).setRegionId(1L).build();
    assertTrue(RegionInfo.COMPARATOR.compare(older, newer) < 0);
    assertTrue(RegionInfo.COMPARATOR.compare(newer, older) > 0);
    assertTrue(RegionInfo.COMPARATOR.compare(older, older) == 0);
    assertTrue(RegionInfo.COMPARATOR.compare(newer, newer) == 0);
  }

  @Test
  public void testRegionNameForRegionReplicas() throws Exception {
    final TableName tn = name.getTableName();
    String startKey = "startkey";
    final byte[] sk = Bytes.toBytes(startKey);
    String id = "id";

    // assert with only the region name without encoding

    // primary, replicaId = 0
    byte[] name = RegionInfo.createRegionName(tn, sk, Bytes.toBytes(id), 0, false);
    String nameStr = Bytes.toString(name);
    assertEquals(tn + "," + startKey + "," + id, nameStr);

    // replicaId = 1
    name = RegionInfo.createRegionName(tn, sk, Bytes.toBytes(id), 1, false);
    nameStr = Bytes.toString(name);
    assertEquals(
      tn + "," + startKey + "," + id + "_" + String.format(RegionInfo.REPLICA_ID_FORMAT, 1),
      nameStr);

    // replicaId = max
    name = RegionInfo.createRegionName(tn, sk, Bytes.toBytes(id), 0xFFFF, false);
    nameStr = Bytes.toString(name);
    assertEquals(
      tn + "," + startKey + "," + id + "_" + String.format(RegionInfo.REPLICA_ID_FORMAT, 0xFFFF),
      nameStr);
  }

  @Test
  public void testParseName() throws IOException {
    final TableName tableName = name.getTableName();
    byte[] startKey = Bytes.toBytes("startKey");
    long regionId = EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime();
    int replicaId = 42;

    // test without replicaId
    byte[] regionName = RegionInfo.createRegionName(tableName, startKey, regionId, false);

    byte[][] fields = RegionInfo.parseRegionName(regionName);
    assertArrayEquals(Bytes.toString(fields[0]), tableName.getName(), fields[0]);
    assertArrayEquals(Bytes.toString(fields[1]), startKey, fields[1]);
    assertArrayEquals(Bytes.toString(fields[2]), Bytes.toBytes(Long.toString(regionId)), fields[2]);
    assertEquals(3, fields.length);

    // test with replicaId
    regionName = RegionInfo.createRegionName(tableName, startKey, regionId, replicaId, false);

    fields = RegionInfo.parseRegionName(regionName);
    assertArrayEquals(Bytes.toString(fields[0]), tableName.getName(), fields[0]);
    assertArrayEquals(Bytes.toString(fields[1]), startKey, fields[1]);
    assertArrayEquals(Bytes.toString(fields[2]), Bytes.toBytes(Long.toString(regionId)), fields[2]);
    assertArrayEquals(Bytes.toString(fields[3]),
      Bytes.toBytes(String.format(RegionInfo.REPLICA_ID_FORMAT, replicaId)), fields[3]);
  }

  @Test
  public void testConvert() {
    final TableName tableName =
      TableName.valueOf("ns1:" + name.getTableName().getQualifierAsString());
    byte[] startKey = Bytes.toBytes("startKey");
    byte[] endKey = Bytes.toBytes("endKey");
    boolean split = false;
    long regionId = EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime();
    int replicaId = 42;

    RegionInfo ri = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(tableName).setStartKey(startKey).setEndKey(endKey)
      .setSplit(split).setRegionId(regionId).setReplicaId(replicaId).build();

    // convert two times, compare
    RegionInfo convertedRi = ProtobufUtil.toRegionInfo(ProtobufUtil.toRegionInfo(ri));

    assertEquals(ri, convertedRi);

    // test convert RegionInfo without replicaId
    HBaseProtos.RegionInfo info = HBaseProtos.RegionInfo.newBuilder()
      .setTableName(HBaseProtos.TableName.newBuilder()
        .setQualifier(UnsafeByteOperations.unsafeWrap(tableName.getQualifier()))
        .setNamespace(UnsafeByteOperations.unsafeWrap(tableName.getNamespace())).build())
      .setStartKey(UnsafeByteOperations.unsafeWrap(startKey))
      .setEndKey(UnsafeByteOperations.unsafeWrap(endKey)).setSplit(split).setRegionId(regionId)
      .build();

    convertedRi = ProtobufUtil.toRegionInfo(info);
    RegionInfo expectedRi = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(tableName).setStartKey(startKey)
      .setEndKey(endKey).setSplit(split).setRegionId(regionId).setReplicaId(0).build();

    assertEquals(expectedRi, convertedRi);
  }

  private void assertRegionNameNotEquals(RegionInfo expected, RegionInfo actual) {
    assertNotEquals(expected.getRegionNameAsString(), actual.getRegionNameAsString());
    assertNotEquals(expected.getEncodedName(), actual.getEncodedName());
  }

  private void assertRegionNameEquals(RegionInfo expected, RegionInfo actual) {
    assertEquals(expected.getRegionNameAsString(), actual.getRegionNameAsString());
    assertEquals(expected.getEncodedName(), actual.getEncodedName());
  }

  @Test
  public void testNewBuilderWithRegionInfo() {
    RegionInfo ri = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(name.getTableName()).build();
    assertEquals(ri, RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(ri).build());

    // make sure that the region name and encoded name are changed, see HBASE-24500 for more
    // details.
    assertRegionNameNotEquals(ri,
      RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(ri).setStartKey(new byte[1]).build());
    assertRegionNameNotEquals(ri,
      RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(ri).setRegionId(ri.getRegionId() + 1).build());
    assertRegionNameNotEquals(ri, RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(ri).setReplicaId(1).build());

    // these fields are not in region name
    assertRegionNameEquals(ri, RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(ri).setEndKey(new byte[1]).build());
    assertRegionNameEquals(ri, RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(ri).setSplit(true).build());
    assertRegionNameEquals(ri, RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(ri).setOffline(true).build());
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package org.apache.river.outrigger;

/**
 * This interface defines the methods that any OutriggerServerImpl store must
 * implement.
 *
 * @author Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * @see OutriggerServerImpl
 * @see LogOps
 * @see Recover
 */
public interface Store {

    /**
     * Set up the store. Recovery (if any) will be completed
     * before this method returns. That is, no calls will be made by
     * setupStore on the Recover object
     * after it returns.
     *
     * @param space object used for recovery of previous state (if any)
     *
     * @return object used to persist state
     */
    public LogOps setupStore(Recover space);

    /**
     * Destroy any persistent state and release
     * any resources associated with this store.
     * @throws java.io.IOException if an IO related exception occurs.
     */
    public void destroy() throws java.io.IOException;

    /**
     * Close the store, release VM resources (stop independent
     * threads, close files, etc.) but do not destroy any persistent
     * state. This method is used when there is a failure
     * in OutriggerServerImpl constructor.
     * @throws java.io.IOException if an IO related exception occurs.
     */
    public void close() throws java.io.IOException;
}


Plans to reduce the risk of tidal flooding to more than 500 Gosport, Hampshire, homes have taken major steps forward, the Gosport Borough Council said in its latest announcement.
The council is planning to improve sea defenses at three sites – Forton, Seafield and Alverstoke. The projects are being run on behalf of the council by the Eastern Solent Coastal Partnership.
The ESCP has now won new government funding to progress the three schemes. This follows an initial £320,000 grant, approved in 2016 by the Environment Agency, which was used to prepare a business case and outline design for the schemes.
£227,000 to progress the Seafield scheme to the enhanced outline design stage.
The outline business case for the Forton scheme is in the process of being submitted in order to secure the funding to design and build the scheme.
Current estimates are that construction of the schemes could cost £3.5m to £4m and could start in 2020, subject to further funding approval from the Environment Agency.
Posted on February 7, 2019 with tags coastal protection, Environment Agency, Gosport, Hampshire.


text:
« Wherein A Libertarian Argues For Regulation Enforcement
If You Had Plans for the Property, You Should Have Bought It »
The Democratic party, which so often accuses others of adopting superstition over science, are themselves pursuing Medieval economics:
The Democratic Party's protectionist make-over was completed yesterday,
when Nancy Pelosi decided to kill the Colombia free trade agreement.
Her objections had nothing to do with the evidence and everything to do
with politics, but this was an act of particular bad faith. It will
damage the economic and security interests of the U.S. while trashing
our best ally in Latin America.
The Colombia trade pact was signed in 2006 and renegotiated last year
to accommodate Democratic demands for tougher labor and environmental
standards. Even after more than 250 consultations with Democrats, and
further concessions, including promises to spend more on domestic
unemployment insurance, the deal remained stalled in Congress.
Apparently the problem was that Democrats kept getting their way.
I am sure the Columbians, who for years have been told by the US to export something other than cocaine, are scratching their heads at this rebuff when they actually try to do so. My sense is that the Democrats are reacting to this ugly picture of US manufacturing output post NAFTA:
We can see that since the passage of NAFTA in the mid-1990s that US manufacturing output has, uh, has.... can that be right?
Tags: colombia, Democratic Party, free trade, insurance, Latin America, NAFTA, Nancy Pelosi, security, trade, US
Columbia imports into the US are mostly tariff free. It is the US exports that need tariff reductions. It makes no sense that trade unions -please carefully note the qualifier trade unions - are against the Columbian Free Trade agreement since trade union members make real stuff like bulldozers that could be exported to Columbia. It must be the non-trade unions like government workers that Pelosi bending over for. Talk about the tail wagging the dog.
Jim Collins:
How about Pelosi not wanting anything that might show favorably on Bush? Pelosi is more interested in playing political games than in doing the job for which she was elected.
That chart is irrelevant to a Democrat, since it focuses on manufacturing OUTPUT. They look at input, and the I think number of manufacturing jobs has dropped about 15% since NAFTA. Of course, computers, hydraulics, electric motors, etc., are as much the bane of Democrats in this regards as foreign labor. Someone should did up Tesla and kill him for all the harm he did to manual laborers.
dave smith:
Coyote, the biggest contrabution you've made to advancement of thought on this blog is your correct labeling of the left's economic beliefs as superstition equal to someone thinking that the earth is flat resting on turtles that "go all the way down."
I thank you for that.
Larry Sheldon:
No argument that there is only superstition behind this stuff (and the gorebull warming stuff) but I have begun to think that we are (and I *am* guilty) being grossly unfair when we use the "cargo cult" label. Those Islanders have profound _reasons_ for believing what they do (did?). I'm not sure that can be said of the current crop of wild-eyed maniacs.
Allen:
The trade agreement got killed? Crap. I was hoping it would go through and act as a catalyst for others in South America.
My brain isn't working this morning.... whatever happened with CAFTA?
I'm continually amazed at the number of people who out-and-out refuse to believe me when I tell them US manufacturing output is at an all-time high.
tribal elder:
Allen-
What are you going to believe, empirical reports with big and confusing numbers or the talking heads ? Those talking heads must be smarter because they're on television, the font of all modern knowledge.
Todd:
Coyote,
Huge fan of the blog. However, your argument is inaccurate. Manufacturing productivity is going up, not employment, and your chart implies that as growth increases, employment does. In fact, manufacturing employment has been going down for years and is long term going to end up like farming - 2ish percent of the population.
http://www.bls.gov/cps/labor2005/chart1-10.pdf
Todd, nothing innaccurate about this post. There is nothing here about employment--up or down. I promise you coyote knows manufacturing employment is going down.
And we should all be thankful for it.
I love how there is so much talk about losing manufacturing jobs to NAFTA countries but absolutely NONE about losing manufacturing jobs to CHINA! WTF? China is the real threat of job loss and they do it without the NAFTA special tariff provisions. It is China with real bad news human rights records, it is China with real bad new environmental record. Why is everyone talking about how we lost jobs to Mexico but no one is talking about China?
Frederick Davies:
You are asking the Democrats to behave rationally; you should know better!
HTRN:
As somebody who does work in manufacturing, I can tell you one of the big things that has led to a lower number of people in manufacturing is automation - the first shop I worked in had 4 people working there - the 3 owners and me. One of my bosses once told me they produce more now with CNC machines than when their father owned the place and it was all manual machines, and had 30 guys working there.
They also make things now they couldn't when it was a manual shop.
Another story: Heard this one in college - a transfer line making gate valves run by 200 women was replaced by 7 VMC's. And the reject rate went down too.
Starting in the late 80's, CNC machine tools have seen an explosion in small shops, so much so, that if you want to start a shop today, you HAVE to have one, or you're not going to be able to compete on price.
markm:
Is that a graph of output or of value added? If you replace plants that make $100 worth of product a minute from $20 worth of metal stock with plants that assemble $160 worth of foreign-made parts into $200 worth of product/minute, you've doubled the output, but cut the value added and the manufacturing actually done here by 50%.
Not that there's anything wrong with making the parts wherever it can be done cheapest.
Mesa Econoguy:
The Democratic Party has nothing to do with economics. They are entirely devoid of its understanding…
Yoshidad1:
Fascinating...right wing troglodytes attempting to use their cognitive faculties. Try this on for size, if you're willing:
The impetus for current protectionist sentiment -- from Democrats or otherwise -- is that globalization hasn't treated all its participants well. I know, for example, that one of the links in the discussion above leads to an article claiming great median income gains in the U.S., but those gains turn out to be about 1% a year while productivity for the same period gained more than 2% a year. The people who are more productive aren't always getting the income.
Here's from http://www.truthout.org/article/paul-krugman-graduates-versus-oligarchs:
" A new research paper by Ian Dew-Becker and Robert Gordon of Northwestern University, "Where Did the Productivity Growth Go?," gives the details. Between 1972 and 2001 the wage and salary income of Americans at the 90th percentile of the income distribution rose only 34 percent, or about 1 percent per year. So being in the top 10 percent of the income distribution, like being a college graduate, wasn't a ticket to big income gains.
" But income at the 99th percentile rose 87 percent; income at the 99.9th percentile rose 181 percent; and income at the 99.99th percentile rose 497 percent. No, that's not a misprint.
" Just to give you a sense of who we're talking about: the nonpartisan Tax Policy Center estimates that this year the 99th percentile will correspond to an income of $402,306, and the 99.9th percentile to an income of $1,672,726. The center doesn't give a number for the 99.99th percentile, but it's probably well over $6 million a year."
Trying to make the conversation about globalization into a more/less manufacturing measurement ignores that larger picture. It's even simplistic to say that U.S. trade policies like NAFTA created that "giant sucking sound" of jobs headed to Mexico (for example).
And couching the discussion in terms provided by the political posturing around this is even worse. Politicians barely get a sound byte's worth of attention now (Ralph Nader complains he has been confined to a sound "bark"). The expectation that such discourse would resemble reason isn't rational itself.
Now, a little background: NAFTA was authored by the G.H.W. Bush administration, but passed during the Clinton administration, with Newt Gingrich's enthusiastic help, after the Clintons added labor and environmental standards (seldom, if ever enforced) to the agreement.
Among other things, after it caused capital flight (remember the $20 billion Clinton bailout?) NAFTA gave the U.S. the right to export things like Iowa corn to Mexico. Since U.S. farmers use technologically advanced tractors and combines, and put enough petroleum-based fertilizer on their corn to create a 15 mile dead zone at the mouth of the Mississippi -- and considering that 40% of U.S. agricultural income is subsidy -- saying this corn is cheaper than Mexican small farmer's corn is an understatement. So any subsistence Mexican corn farmers impertinent enough to think they could compete with ADM or Cargill were quickly corrected and put out of business.
Remember too, that half the population of Mexico gets by on less than $4 a day. Pretty cruel to put those folks out of business, if you ask me, but hey, that's capitalism!
Now if we could only get rid of all these danged illegal aliens coming up here to work and feed their families! (Who actually are lowering the low end of the wage scale.) Why what we need to protect us against Saudis entering the country on student visas to attack us with box cutters is a border fence to keep out Mexican laborers (and let's invade Iraq, while we're at it)!
Yes, "conservatives" have been ever so sensible.
For those puzzled by this statement: This is sarcasm. Part of the joke is that the U.S. pretends to be the innocent victim of illegals, even though for more than a generation it has sponsored proxy wars in Central America (creating refugees) and now has shoved NAFTA down Mexico's throat (creating economic refugees). IMHO, This issue is as much moral as it is economic.
Oh yes, and they hate us for our freedom! (See that? Sarcasm again!)
The movement to lower tariffs in the third world -- promoted by both Democrats and Republicans, but far more aggressively by the right -- is roughly comparable to asking an infant to fight a heavyweight boxer. The trouble is *not* that the boxer won't win the fight. As Ha Joon Chang's excellent "Bad Samaritans: The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of Capitalism" reveals, the real issue is whether we are going to bully overseas markets into allowing in our goods when they have what amounts to infant industries.
The very zenith and apotheosis of this principle is Iraq. See http://www.harpers.org/archive/2004/09/0080197 for Naomi Klein's excellent "Baghdad year zero: Pillaging Iraq in pursuit of a neocon utopia." Iraqis have literally zero tariffs, and ... 60% unemployment. So maybe lower tariffs aren't the whole reason for economic success...?
Forcing our goods down the throats of "lesser" peoples is an American tradition -- think of Admiral Perry in Tokyo harbor. But, as Dr. Chang's book reveals, Americans and other developed nations have historically had no qualms about protecting their infant industries. They have practiced exactly the kind of protectionism the free traders decry in the infant industry economies until they felt equal to the global market. Chang also reveals that the countries who adopted the kind of "free trade" policies heavily promoted by "conservative" U.S. policy, the World Bank, IMF, etc., fared far worse than those who practiced protectionism.
IMHO, The real question here is whether -- in the age of terrorism -- we can continue to believe stoking global economic instability in the name of free trade remains a viable policy. Or could (gasp) the consideration of others have a role to play.
Yes, "conservatives" are excellent at sticking up for their own interests ("My precious!") but what happens if we're all in this thing together? Could treating others as we'd like to be treated be sound economics, not just be the foundation of morality?
Even the classical economic theories cited in support of globalizers -- things like Ricardo's "comparative advantage" -- are typically distorted. For his example to work, Ricardo assumed immobile labor and capital.
For those of you interested in real economics rather than political posturing, I recommend a look at former World Bank economist Herman Daly's "Beyond Growth." It's a real eye-opener, and gives the lie to both right and left, as currently constituted.
As for whether "The Democratic Party has nothing to do with economics. They are entirely devoid of its understanding…" (markm) -- As is typical for "conservatives" (what on earth is conserved?)this strains at a gnat, and swallows a camel.
For the answer, I recommend Paul Krugman's "Peddling Prosperity." You may disagree with what he has to say, but he can really clarify the discussion.
The book's premise is that politicians cannot sell the authentic truths from the "dismal science" (economics), so they turn to snake-oil peddlers with bizarre economic theories -- like "Voodoo economics" -- to have something happy to talk about on the campaign trail. So, for example, Bruce Bartlett (recently fired by Heritage for contradicting Bush's presidency) was an early supporter of Supply Side Economics. He is just such a snake oil peddler, and you'll see that his education was as a historian, and his experience was as a legislative staffer, *not* an economist. (I've corrected the Wikipedia entry that said he was an economist even though his education even in the same entry was clearly not as one.)
The book is not really that partisan, either. It's not too kind to the Clintons.
Still, "Peddling Prosperity" saves special condemnation for the Republicans who adopted "Supply Side" economics (supposedly trumping Keynesian economics). This theory was touted as the impetus for Reagan's miraculous economic recovery (the Wall St. Journal called it "Morning in America.")
Krugman clearly shows that Reagan's policies led to a recovery that was an average for the business cycle, nothing miraculous -- and this was purchased at the cost of an enormous Federal deficit. (Also recommended in this connection: Ravi Batra's "Greenspan's Fraud")
Anyway, the deficit sucked all the oxygen out of the capital markets, so the Reagan "miracle" meant capital spending -- the real engine of future economic growth -- was flat.
Anyway, for someone on this blog to write that, as far as economics goes, the Democrats have sinned... Well, let's just say he needs to deal with the beam in his own eye rather than the motes in the lefties' eyes.
You may remember that Reagan's budget director, David Stockman, was interviewed after he left the administration, and he admitted that "Supply Side" economics was bull feces simply cooked up to excuse reducing the top brackets in the income taxes.
Incidentally, Stockman was in the news recently, being led away in handcuffs for securities fraud... I couldn't make it up.
Further evidence of the bankruptcy of "conservative" economic thought: when Reagan came into office, the U.S. was the world's largest creditor. When he left, it was the world's largest debtor. U.S. trade was in surplus when he entered, in deficit when he left.
You can say the Democrats screwed up, and certainly find many examples of this, but overall, Jimmy Carter's solar collectors on the White House and speed and gas mileage restrictions on U.S. autos are looking more and more prescient.
The only thing propping up Reaganist policies are the paid flacks from Heritage, AEI and Cato, and the naive "conservatives" like those who write here about how ignorant are the Democrats (not that they are such smarties either -- the Democrats went along with lots of Reagan's brilliant ideas. Like deregulating the S&Ls... Remember?).
Incidentally, to give you an idea of how honest the estimation of Reagan's presidency is: did you know that, except for Nixon's, his administration had the most indictments for malfeasance in office in U.S. history? The supposedly "slick Willie" crooked Clintons had zero, count 'em zero such indictments.


Regardless of whether you want to revamp one particular room or your entire house, it's no secret that the price of doing up a home can be really expensive. There is an option to take out a personal loan to cover the costs, but there are other options that you may not have considered previously.
Remortgaging for home improvement sounds complicated, but it simply means you can release equity on your home by increasing the mortgage to an amount that will allow for your home improvements. However, before you get carried away with paint tester pots and fabric swatches, there are a few things to consider: you must have equity in your current home to be able to remortgage and you must be able to afford the repayments, otherwise you risk losing your property altogether.
Deciding whether you should remortgage or not should be influenced by your current financial state, the amount of equity you have in your home and then matching them up with the best solution. Providing you have equity in your home, remortgaging is a cheaper way of borrowing a large amount of money, compared to taking out a personal loan.
Considering most home improvement projects require a large amount of money, remortgaging is a more suitable option. However, you should have an idea of how much money the improvements will cost and work out whether remortgaging will be worth it. For example, let's say your home is worth £350,000 and your current mortgage is £190,000. The new kitchen you want to start work on will cost £12,000. Therefore, if you add your kitchen price on top of your current mortgage, the mortgage will increase to £202,000 in order to fund both your mortgage and your home improvements.
Naturally, the higher mortgage amount means your monthly mortgage payments will be higher, so you need to consider whether your income will allow for this.
If remortgaging for home improvements doesn't seem like the right option for you, then you may want to consider a second charge mortgage. A second charge mortgage is a secured loan taken out by a homeowner against their current property as a way of raising extra money, such as to fund home improvements. It's important to note that second charge mortgages are only an option if the borrower has at least 15% equity in their home.
Some people don't want to alter their first mortgage in order to raise funds for home improvements, so they opt for second charge mortgage instead. Finding another lender to grant you a second charge mortgage means you keep each loan separate but also means you will need to make repayments for both mortgages simultaneously over a long period of time. In a similar case to remortgaging, the payments on a second charge mortgage are likely to be a lot higher, so it's important you are able to afford the increased monthly amount.
If the idea of putting your home on the line in order to make improvements fills you will dread, then you could consider an unsecured loan. An unsecured loan is a personal loan that doesn't take anything as collateral, so you immediately eliminate the risk of losing your home. However, in order to have an unsecured loan you must have a very high credit score, otherwise, you will be seen as too much of a risk to lenders.
If you are thinking about remortgaging or a second charge mortgage to fund your home improvements, then you will probably need to have equity in your home, otherwise, getting an unsecured loan may be the route to go down.
Changing your mortgage or adding another loan to your finances means you will have to make sure you can afford the higher monthly payments, otherwise you may risk losing your home.


Löffelhardt and viastore are working together to build a state-of-the-art logistics center in Schorndorf near Stuttgart.
Emil Löffelhardt GmbH & Co. KG, a medium-sized electrical equipment wholesaler managed by the fourth generation, supplies the electrical engineering trade and specialist retailers as well as manufacturing industries, authorities and administrations. The family-owned company has been growing continuously, however, there are no possibilities for expanding its logistics center in Fellbach near Stuttgart, Germany. Löffelhardt has therefore decided to set a milestone in its corporate history by relocating the company headquarters to Schorndorf, approx. 20 kilometers away from its present location, and building a new central logistics facility.
viastore was entrusted with supplying and installing an automated, rack-supported unit-load warehouse. It can accommodate 17,520 pallets, which are transported by eight viapal automated storage and retrieval systems. Large and voluminous articles such as control cabinets are stored here. In addition, the facility also serves as a supply warehouse for the five-aisle container warehouse with 91,520 storage locations for small high-turnover items, including control components and electronic products. 220 viaflex² type shuttles automatically store, transfer and retrieve these items. Products such as cable ducts or lamps are accommodated in an additional single-aisle automated tray warehouse for extra-long goods. The viadat warehouse control system from viastore SOFTWARE is used to manage the entire warehouse reliably and efficiently.
The construction of the new logistics center is Löffelhardt's solution for the limited space available in the existing warehouse, and will create the necessary capacity. This will make the company more efficient and enable it to supply customers even faster and more reliably in the future. "In addition, the center is an investment in Löffelhardt's future and further growth," adds Rainer Rommel, partner and Managing Director of Löffelhardt. Completion of the new logistics center is scheduled for mid-2018.
The installation of the automated storage and retrieval systems – a milestone in the warehouse construction process – took place recently.


1 Woe to you, destroyer, you who have not been destroyed! Woe to you, betrayer, you who have not been betrayed! When you stop destroying, you will be destroyed; when you stop betraying, you will be betrayed.
3 At the uproar of your army, the peoples flee; when you rise up, the nations scatter.
4 Your plunder, O nations, is harvested as by young locusts; like a swarm of locusts people pounce on it.
5 The LORD is exalted, for he dwells on high; he will fill Zion with his justice and righteousness.
8 The highways are deserted, no travelers are on the roads. The treaty is broken, its witnessesb are despised, no one is respected.