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Microbial adaptation to snake and spider venom, a 1.5-year study of fungi in space at the International Space Station, US National Postdoc Survey results.
This entry was posted in Animal microbiome, Food Microbiology, Fungi, General Microbiome, Microbial Ecology, Near-sterile sites, Phages and viruses, Plant Root Soil microbiome, Science - Career - Publishing, Science and Art, Water microbiome. Bookmark the permalink.


The high-performance luxury sedan segment consists of many legendary vehicles like the Mercedes-Benz E63 AMG, BMW M5, and the Audi RS7. All of the aforementioned vehicles feature some of the most advanced powertrain engineering methods to extract as much as performance from their engines and transmissions. Some of these high-performance luxury sedans even offer things like launch control and other advanced technologies to extract as much as accelerations, handling, and braking possible. It's really a work of art.
However, beauty is definitely in the eye of the beholder, because not everyone wants the most advanced performance luxury sedan. No – some just want a luxury sedan with a massive V8 engine that allows them to either make the tires screech or just enjoy some downright fun straight-line acceleration. Well, that's where the Lexus GS F comes in. Spending time with the Lexus GS F made us understand one thing – not everyone is a race car driver that needs to modify each aspect of their vehicle. Some just want some good old V8 fun.
The 2017 Lexus GS F is based on the regular GS sedan but has been slightly 'beefed-up' appearance-wise. Of course, with a high-performance V8 engine under the hood – you can't just show up looking all normal. There has to be a little pizazz.
Right off the bat, you'll notice that a lot of upgrades were made to the front end of the 2017 GS F. The front end is highlighted by an extremely aggressive version of Lexus' spindle grille. You'll also notice the stylish yet functional air inlets to cool engine oil. The front-end is further enhanced with wide fenders and large air outlets that allow extra airflow to escape the sides of the GS F. The rear end of the 2017 Lexus GS F features a carbon fiber rear spoiler, a rear diffuser beneath the rear bumper section, a quad exhaust setup, and slightly reshaped rear taillights with jet black moldings. The side profile of the new GS F is highlighted by 19-inch multi-spoke forged aluminum wheels.
The 2017 Lexus GS F sits on a wheelbase that measures 112.2 inches with the overall length coming in at 193.5 inches. The width comes in at 72.6 inches and the overall height stands at 56.7 inches.
Yes, the Lexus GS F isn't as advanced when it comes to performance engineering – however, it is definitely one of the most stylish performance luxury sedans on the market today.
The interior of the 2017 Lexus GS F is adorned with some of the most high-quality materials we've seen in a vehicle of this class. Everything seems to have been designed with keeping luxury at the forefront with a perfect balance of bringing out the sporty ambiance.
One of the major sports highlights of the 2017 Lexus GS F cabin are the F-exclusive sport bucket seats with leather seating surfaces for the front and the rear, with high backs in the front seats. You'll also notice the use of tasteful carbon fiber trim across the interior.
Interior technology-wise, the 2017 Lexus GS F comes with almost everything as a standard option. A 12.3-inch touchscreen display houses the navigation and heated and ventilated seats are a part of the standard package. Other standard options include a 17-speaker Mark Levinson Premium sound system, Bluetooth (phone/audio streaming), USB/AUX ports, remote touchpad, keyless access with push-button start, dual-zone climate control, memory seats and much more. There is also a range of standard driver assist technologies that we'll get into a little later.
Interior dimensions-wise, the 2017 Lexus GS F offers an outstanding 40.6 inches of front legroom and 32.8 inches of rear legroom. Cargo capacity comes in at 14 cubic feet.
Let's get down to the best part. The 2017 Lexus GS F is powered by a 5.0 liter V8 naturally aspirated engine – the same one found in the RC F. The engine is good for 465 horsepower and a maximum torque of 389 lb-ft. Mated to an eight-speed automatic transmission, the GS F runs from 0 to 60 mph in just 4.5 seconds with a top speed of 168 mph. Now, while other performance sedans in this segment are achieving 0 to 60 mph time of just under 4 seconds – you really have to ask yourself how often you'll need to brag about those figures. With that in mind, if you're looking for the perfect high-performance sedan as your daily commuter, the 2017 Lexus GS F is great. You won't have to get in and toggle with a bunch of settings and switches since you're not really launching a spaceship to Mars here.
If you want to customize any part of the Lexus GS F – you may want to toggle around with the Drive Mode Selector (which is almost available in any sports car today) that allows you to pick between Normal, ECO, Sport S, and Sport+ modes.
Fuel economy for the 2017 Lexus GS F comes in at an EPA-estimated 16/24 mpg* (city/highway).
Besides the long list of standard features, the 2017 Lexus GS F comes with a long list of standard driver assist technologies. Standard safety features include blind spot monitoring, rear cross traffic alert, a rearview camera, parking assist, whiplash reduction front setbacks, and much more.
The 2017 Lexus GS F may not be as fast as its competition – but that really doesn't matter here. It is still one of the most competent high-performance sedans we've driven this year and it definitely left us smiling after an aggressive drive session on the track. Prices for the 2017 Lexus GS F start at $83,940**. Visit your local AutoNation-affiliated dealer for a test drive today.


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Colour, energy and expression - we meet three artists to hear their reflections on Krasner's work after a visit to Lee Krasner: Living Colour exhibition, in collaboration with Katy Hessel from The Great Women Artists.
Installation view of Lee Krasner: Living Colour at the Barbican Art Gallery, London - feautring Chrysalis, 1964 and Portrait in Green, 1969 (2019/2019) by Lee Krasner, Barbican Centre, and Tristan Fewings / Getty ImagesBarbican Centre
Inspiring a generation
While Lee Krasner's name was too often overshadowed by her husband Jackson Pollock in the art history books, those who experience her work are sure to find her creativity, passion and determination inspiring. As part of the Barbican's 'Lee Krasner: Living Colour' exhibition, we collaborated with Katy Hessel aka The Great Women Artists, to meet three contemporary artists - Chantal Joffe, Flora Yukhnovich and Jadé Fadojutimi - who are discovering Krasner's work for the first time to explore the parallels between their work and their experience as artists.
Still from an interview between artist Chantal Joffe and The Great Women Artists (aka Katy Hessel) for the Barbican's Lee Krasner: Living Colour exhibition (2019/2019) by Barbican Centre and Lee KrasnerBarbican Centre
Chantal Joffe RA is an American-born English artist based in London. Her often large-scale paintings generally depict women and children. In 2006, she received the prestigious Charles Wollaston Award from the Royal Academy.
She was always looking for something new' // Chantal Joffe x Katy Hessel on Lee Krasner (2019/2019) by Barbican Centre and Lee KrasnerBarbican Centre
Chantal Joffe on Lee Krasner
We meet artist Chantal Joffe in her studio as she talks to Katy Hessel (founder of The Great Women Artists) about Lee Krasner's life, her paintings and what this new exhibition of her works mean for her.
Self-Portrait, c. 1928 © Pollock-Krasner Foundation (1928/1928) by Lee Krasner and The Pollock-Krasner FoundationBarbican Centre
'You absolutely feel her, you can hear her voice'
Installation view of Lee Krasner: Living Colour at the Barbican Art Gallery, London (2019/2019) by Lee Krasner, Barbican Centre, and Tristan Fewings / Getty ImagesBarbican Centre
'It made me want to go back into the studio and draw - it's really grounded in drawing'
Chantal Joffe on Lee Krasner: Living Colour exhibition.
Installation view of Lee Krasner: Living Colour at the Barbican Art Gallery, London - featuring Through Blue, 1963 (2019/2019) by Lee Krasner, Barbican Centre, and Tristan Fewings / Getty ImagesBarbican Centre
'In 'Through Blue', her arm was broken and she taught herself to paint with her left hand - I love that painting'
Still from an interview between artist Flora Yukhnovich and The Great Women Artists (aka Katy Hessel) for the Barbican's Lee Krasner: Living Colour exhibition (2019/2019) by Barbican Centre and Lee KrasnerBarbican Centre
Flora Yukhnovich
Flora Yukhnovich is a London-based artist who graduated from the City and Guilds of London Art School in 2017. Recent paintings use the language of the Rococo to examine notions of femininity, exploring its aesthetic expressions throughout art history and finding connections within contemporary popular culture.
I think of her work as quite sensual' // Flora Yukhnovich x Katy Hessel on Lee Krasner (2019/2019) by Barbican Centre and Lee KrasnerBarbican Centre
Flora Yukhnovich on Lee Krasner
In the second of a series of three videos exploring contemporary artists' responses to our Lee Krasner exhibition, we talk to artist Flora Yukhnovich to learn more about her practice and what Krasner's work means to her
Prophecy, 1956 © Pollock-Krasner Foundation (1956/1956) by Lee Krasner and The Pollock-Krasner FoundationBarbican Centre
'I'm really interested in the way that Figuration and Abstraction work together'
Painting Portrait in Green in her studio, Springs, 1969 (1969/1969) by Lee KrasnerBarbican Centre
'I think it's amazing when you can use your whole body to paint. I like painting really big because it feels like a challenge - your whole body's engaged and you feel a sense of adrenaline at having to conquer this massive thing that's there, looming over you'
Still from an interview between artist Jade Fadojutimi and The Great Women Artists (aka Katy Hessel) for the Barbican's Lee Krasner: Living Colour exhibition (2019/2019) by Barbican Centre and Lee KrasnerBarbican Centre
Jadé Fadojutimi
Jadé Fadojutimi is an abstract artist who graduated from Slade School of Art in 2017.The artist cites Varda Caivano and Phoebe Unwin among her points of reference, but she has created a lexicon of form and mark-making that is emphatically all her own.
The whole show feels like one painting' // Jadé Fadojutimi x Katy Hessel on Lee Krasner (2019/2019) by Barbican Centre and Lee KrasnerBarbican Centre
Jadé Fadojutimi on Lee Krasner
In the third and final episode of our series of contemporary artists' responses to our Lee Krasner exhibition, we talk to artist Jadé Fadojutimi to hear about the impact Krasner's work has had on her as an artist particularly their connection over colour.
Installation view of Lee Krasner: Living Colour at the Barbican Art Gallery, London featuring Through Blue, 1963 and Another Storm, 1963 (2019/2019) by Lee Krasner, Barbican Centre, and Suzanne ZhangBarbican Centre
'The paintings were reacting to each other. Everything felt so natural'
Siren, 1966 © Pollock-Krasner Foundation (1966/1966) by Lee Krasner and The Pollock-Krasner FoundationBarbican Centre
'The titles were one of the most interesting parts of the show - I felt like I was going through a diary, a very simplistic diary'
Blue Level, 1955 © Pollock-Krasner Foundation (1955/1955) by Lee Krasner and The Pollock-Krasner FoundationBarbican Centre
'Colour always comes first. Colour is the first thing I always see and it's how I make a lot of choices in life'
Lee Krasner: Living Colour took place at the Barbican Art Gallery in London from 30 May—1 September 2019.
'Lee Krasner: Living Colour' celebrates the work and life of Lee Krasner (1908–1984), a pioneer of Abstract Expressionism. The first major presentation of her work in Europe for more than 50 years, 'Lee Krasner: Living Colour' tells the story of a formidable artist, whose importance has too often been eclipsed by her marriage to Jackson Pollock.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Boo Mushroom is a type of Mushroom that appeared in Super Mario Galaxy and Super Mario Galaxy 2 and turns Mario into Boo Mario or Luigi into Boo Luigi. It is a white mushroom with a Boo-like face. It is the least used power-up in Super Mario Galaxy, found only in the Ghostly Galaxy, Sand Spiral Galaxy, and the Boo's Boneyard Galaxy. It is used only once in Super Mario Galaxy 2, in the Boo Moon Galaxy.
The Boo Mushroom gives Mario the power to do several things that Boos can do, such as float through walls and fly. He can become intangible if the player shakes the Wii Remote and he can then go through the object. Another effect of being Boo Mario is that Mario will attract other Boos towards it and those Boos will make him lose the form by touching him. The only other way to become Mario from Boo Mario is to go into a light beam.
The Boo Mushroom first appears in the Ghostly Galaxy, and also appears in the Sand Spiral Galaxy and the Boo's Boneyard Galaxy. Overall, the powerup appears in three missions.
In the mission Luigi and the Haunted Mansion, the Boo Mushroom appears for the first time in the game at the end of the level when Mario has to free Luigi. It is found in an alcove behind a moving light. Mario must then use the mushroom to travel through two grates and free his brother Luigi, though he gets too scared of Mario in his Boo form, so the player has to use a nearby light to turn back to normal and free Luigi.
The Boo Mushroom reappears in the mission Choosing a Favorite Snack where Mario has the choice of either the Bee Mushroom or the Boo Mushroom. If Mario chooses the Boo Mushroom he will turn into Boo Mario and have to travel over quicksand. There is a boo at the start who will see Mario and fall in love with him, chasing him until it gives up. Mario must also dodge the beams of several lights to avoid losing the Boo Mushroom.
In the mission Racing the Spooky Speedster, Mario must use the Boo Mushroom to race the Spooky Speedster.
In the mission Haunting the Howling Tower, Mario (or Luigi) must use the Boo Mushroom to go through walls and progress to the top of the tower.
Boo Mushrooms are Skill items in Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition. They are used to transform allies such as Red Koopa Paratroopas into Dry Bones or Buzzy Beetles into Bony Beetles, and can be obtained from ? Blocks or dropped by Dark attribute enemies defeated with 10+ combos such as Big Boo, Boo Crew or Boo Trio.
When traveling through the Ghostly Galaxy, Mario needs some extra help to navigate this scary place filled with Boos and Bouldergeists. A Boo Mushroom is just what he needs. When Mario grabs this white mushroom, he transforms into Boo Mario and is able to float, and pass through solid walls for a short time.
Luigi is shown to dislike this item. When Mario uses it, Luigi mistakes him for a real Boo and is frightened by him. Later, when Luigi uses it, he frowns.
The card description for this item states that there are multiple Bouldergeists in the level, by using the name in a plural sense, but there is only one.
This page was last edited on April 23, 2019, at 18:41.


The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission on Thursday arraigned one Muhammed Momoh before Justice U. P. Kekemeke of the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory, Apo, on one charge of conspiracy and obtaining by false pretences.
Momoh was arrested on December 22, 2017 by operatives of the EFCC for attempting to defraud the Governor of Nasarawa State, Alhaji Tanko Al-Makura, and his wife, Mairo.
According to the anti-graft agency, the suspect, while posing as a private investigator from the Villa approached the wife of the governor with a proposition to help stop a purported investigation of two accounts belonging to the governor.
The suspect claimed he came across information regarding the two accounts that had been under investigation since 2011 and also intercepted mails and gotten wind of investigation report purportedly sent to First Bank by the EFCC.
The EFCC said the suspect requested for N8m but was offered N6m.
Suspicious about the proposal, the governor's family contacted the commission and were asked to play along with the suspect. The suspect was arrested in a sting operation after he collected marked N2m.
The offence is contrary to Section 1(1)(a) and punishable under Section 1(3) of the Advance Fee Fraud and Other Fraud Related Offences Act No. 14 of 2006.
In view of his plea, counsel for the EFCC, Benjamin Manji, asked for a date to commence trial and also asked the court to remand the defendant in prison pending trial.
Momoh's counsel, F. U. Okolo, however, urged the court to admit the defendant to bail, relying on Section 35(c) ,36(6) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria as amended and section 156,162 and 167 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act.
Justice Kekemeke admitted the defendant to bail in the sum of N5m and two sureties in like sum. One of the sureties must have property within the jurisdiction of the court.
The matter has been adjourned till March 7, 2018 for hearing.


There are so many benefits of massage with special medicated oils and then taking steam.
Massage manipulates the soft tissues allowing toxins to be released.
Herbal leaves and certain medicinal powders are boiled and that steam is passed on to the body, inducing sweat, which opens the blocked pores of the skin, thus eliminating impurities from the body through sweat glands.
Detoxifies the liver, kidneys and respiratory system.
It improves the tone of the body and skin.
Reduces body stiffness, aches, pains, and swelling.
Reduces fat from under the skin and make skin soft.
A totally relaxing and refreshing experience.
Helpful in chronic arthritis, osteo arthritis, sciatica.
Person sits in comfortable private steam cabinet with head outside the box and cool cloths applied on the forehead.
Both local and general steam is given as per the requirement of the patient and as prescribed by the Ayurveda doctor.


Interface implemented by classes that wish to listen to module:br/presenter/node/NodeList change events.
Callback method invoked when the list of nodes in a module:br/presenter/node/NodeList change.
Implementation of this method is optional, and no action will be taken if the method is invoked but has not been overridden.


Be it flora or fauna, Mother Nature always has a habit of throwing surprises and testing your patience. Her beauty is unparalleled, but her mood and intentions are equally unpredictable. Nature can enthrall, nature can deceive. Nature can make you happy, at the same time, she can leave you disappointed. But somehow, she has that magic to hypnotize you and make you want to bear with her.
Many travel companies keep coming up with numerous tour packages for Aurora Borealis, also known as the Northern Lights. Most of these packages turn out to be expensive as it is a really popular seasonal wonder of Nature. Viewing the spectacular hues in the sky is an absolutely breathtaking experience, so spending a handsome amount is worth it. A must-see destination before you breathe your last… Simply offbeat!
This is one of the best things that takes place in Europe every year. Come spring, and it's that time of the year again when you get to see thousands of varieties of tulips at the world famous Keukenhof Gardens. The song – 'Dekha Ek Khwaab' from the yesteryear film Silsila was shot at this particular location. After all, what could be a better place for love and romance to blossom?
If you have not seen the Cherry Blossoms of Japan yet, what have you done? The Cherry Blossom Tree, known as the Sakura, is deeply valued by the people of Japan. According to them, the lovely pink flowers symbolize the beauty of life. It is wise to visit Japan during the full bloom period. My all-time favourite among the 5 natural wonders of the world.
Try and avoid the monsoons. The skies need to be clear and pollution free with a lot depending on the will of Nature and the growth of the bioluminescent plankton. The Sea of Stars at Vaadhoo Island is one of Nature's rarest views, and can well prove to be a perfect honeymoon destination for newlyweds. The award-winning Hollywood film – Life of Pi went on to feature the Sea of Stars, and oh boy! People sure loved that scene of the stars descending upon the sea, thus brightening up the pitch darkness of the night.
Enough of flora! Let's now discuss fauna! If you are an out and out wildlife lover, you will simply love and be thrilled by the Great Migration. About 1.3 million wildebeest and zebras move in a huge 2,000-km circle, smelling the onset of rain and fresh grass. The actual drama begins in August in Tanzania's Northern Serengeti and Kenya's Masai Mara, when the large herds cross the Mara River and huge crocodiles wait for a grand feast. My, my… My heart is already in my mouth! Are you ready for the African Safari?
So, these were the 5 natural wonders of the world. Which life-changing experience do you want to be a part of? Let us know in the comments section below.


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NIKOLAY YURYEVICH KOZACHEK
Seeking Info
Parental Kidnappings
Additional Violent Crimes
Conspiracy to Commit an Offense Against the United States; False Registration of a Domain Name; Aggravated Identity Theft; Conspiracy to Commit Money Laundering
Козачек Николай Юрьевич, "kazak", "blablabla1234565"
Date(s) of Birth Used July 29, 1989
Place of Birth Stavropolskiy Kraya, Russia
Occupation Officer in the Russian Federation's Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff (GRU)
NCIC W954318897
Kozachek is alleged to have been a Russian military intelligence officer holding the rank of Lieutenant Captain, assigned to Unit 26165. Kozachek was last known to be located in Moscow, Russia.
On July 13, 2018, a federal grand jury sitting in the District of Columbia returned an indictment against 12 Russian military intelligence officers for their alleged roles in interfering with the 2016 United States (U.S.) elections. The indictment charges 11 defendants, Nikolay Yuryevich Kozachek, Boris Alekseyevich Antonov, Dmitriy Sergeyevich Badin, Ivan Sergeyevich Yermakov, Aleksey Viktorovich Lukashev, Sergey Aleksandrovich Morgachev, Pavel Vyacheslavovich Yershov, Artem Andreyevich Malyshev, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Osadchuk, Aleksey Aleksandrovich Potemkin, and Viktor Borisovich Netyksho, with a computer hacking conspiracy involving gaining unauthorized access into the computers of U.S. persons and entities involved in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, stealing documents from those computers, and staging releases of the stolen documents to interfere with the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The indictment also charges these defendants with aggravated identity theft, false registration of a domain name, and conspiracy to commit money laundering. Two defendants, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Osadchuk and Anatoliy Sergeyevich Kovalev, are charged with a separate conspiracy to commit computer crimes, relating to hacking into the computers of U.S. persons and entities responsible for the administration of 2016 U.S. elections, such as state boards of elections, secretaries of state, and U.S. companies that supplied software and other technology related to the administration of U.S. elections. The United States District Court for the District of Columbia in Washington, D.C. issued a federal arrest warrant for Nikolay Yuryevich Kozachek upon the grand jury's return of the indictment.
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ARMED AND DANGEROUS, AN INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT RISK, AND AN ESCAPE RISK
Submit a Tip:
If you have any information concerning this person, please contact your local FBI office or the nearest American Embassy or Consulate.
Submit an anonymous Tip online
Related Cases:
RUSSIAN INTERFERENCE IN 2016 U.S. ELECTIONS
BORIS ALEKSEYEVICH ANTONOV
DMITRIY SERGEYEVICH BADIN
ANATOLIY SERGEYEVICH KOVALEV
ALEKSEY VIKTOROVICH LUKASHEV
ARTEM ANDREYEVICH MALYSHEV
SERGEY ALEKSANDROVICH MORGACHEV
ALEKSANDR VLADIMIROVICH OSADCHUK
ALEKSEY ALEKSANDROVICH POTEMKIN
IVAN SERGEYEVICH YERMAKOV
PAVEL VYACHESLAVOVICH YERSHOV


Join our "Facebook"team and become a "Cultural Heritage Ambassador"! Tell us about your travel to cultural heritage destinations. Market and promote cultural attractions in your state or city, your museums, galleries, restaurants, shopping and entertainment venues. But most importantly, tell us about your culture and history, and your people. We are people of faith that build communities! Let's promote our "Forgotten Communities" and "Cultural Festivals" to the World!


Give registered members a voice. This simple online forum can be used by members of an organization, prospective customers who complete a registration process, or any other group the site's owner wants to specify.
A simple form makes it easy for users to post comments, either responding to previous posts, or starting a new discussion thread.
Comments are organized by topic and posting date. Registered users can post and comment on others' postings. Users can create new categories. Optional client-reply feature gives affiliates, advertisers, etc., the ability to comment on customer postings.
The default is to make the forum visible to all site visitors, but allow only registered users to post comments. For purely internal communication among a group's members, the entire forum can be made private, accessible only with a username-and-password log-in.
Comments can be posted in reply to previous threads, or users can create a new topic.
A free user forum, on a subject of interest to a target audience, is another way to encourage repeat site visitors and customer registrations. Membership groups can offer this feature as a perk for joining online.
An example of forum postings by registered users, in this case brides-to-be.


Panathinaikos fans set fire to a banner during a clash against Olympiakos, which was abandoned.
Panathinaikos' match at home to Olympiakos was abandoned on Sunday after their fans attacked players on the visiting team's bench during the Greek Super League match and clashed with police outside the OAKA Stadium.
About four minutes after kick-off in the Athens derby, Panathinaikos fans invaded the area surrounding the pitch and attacked Olympiakos players on the team's bench. The match was stopped for about eight minutes before resuming.
Greek side Panathinaikos have confirmed the signing of former Manchester United forward Federico Macheda on a three-year deal.
Macheda, 27, burst onto the scene with a last-gasp winner on his United debut against Aston Villa in the 2008-09 campaign, which would help the club go level with Liverpool on 18 Premier League titles. However, at the age of 17, that proved to be the highlight as his career took a downward spiral.
Greece's oldest football club Panathinaikos have been banned from European competition for three seasons for failing to pay their debts, UEFA has announced.
The Athens-based club were given a suspended sentence by UEFA's Club Financial Control Body, the panel that oversees the governing body's financial fair play rules, in December and told they had until March 1 to settle their unpaid bills.
ATHENS, Greece -- Panathinaikos say long-delayed payments have been made to Michael Essien and two others in an effort to avoid losing nine points as the Greek club struggles with mounting debts and the threat of relegation.
A sports judge ordered Panathinaikos to settle debts with Essien, Argentine winger Sebastian Leto and Spanish forward Toche within three days or lose the points.
Club officials did not say how much money had been paid.
Panathinaikos has not reached a settlement over unpaid wages with former defender Jens Wemmer.
The Greek Super League has deducted three points from Panathinaikos after the club failed to settle unpaid wages with former player Jens Wemmer.
The league said the points will be returned if the debt is settled. The decision dropped Panathinaikos two places to 11th in the league with 29 points from 26 games.


The class is led by local photographer Bruce Bain. Bruce teaches and presents at various locations in the Palm Beaches. In addition to Bruce's photos having won awards domestically and internationally for Best of Show, Best of Category and Honorable Mention work has appeared in National Geographic stories.
"Photography 101" covers topics explaining basic camera setting (ISO, aperture, shutter speed, white balance, and metering modes) necessary to capture good images. Additionally, the class reviews the capture and definition of subject matter for landscapes, portraits, humor, lines and patters, sports, pets and more.
Proceeds from the event also benefit the Friends of Jonathan Dickinson State Park, Inc., a community-based, non-profit organization. The Friends organization promotes the historical, educational, and ecological enhancement of Jonathan Dickinson State Park and is directly responsible for funding many park programs and improvements.
The 2 ½ hour program is $45 per person ($40 per person for members of The Friends of Jonathan Dickinson State Park) and includes park entry. All levels are welcome. For registration visit https://www.friendsofjdsp.org. and click on "Event Registration" tab. Additional information is available from the Park's Kimbell Education Center, 561-745-5551 or via email at friendsofjdsp@gmail.com.


Cassie announces a release date for her mixtape "Rockabyebaby."
Singer and former model Cassie definitely has the looks, but there have been doubts as to whether or not she has the chops as a singer. She's been busy recording a lot of new music, and is finally ready to give the world a taste of it, with the announcement of an upcoming mixtape today.
Diddy's new girlfriend announced today that she'll be dropping her mixtape, Rockabyebaby, on April 11th. She tweeted the news, saying, "Thank you to my always patient and loving supporters. This is the officialdate of #RockaByeBaby's release date. April 11th, 2013." She also confirmed the tape will not be strictly r'n'b or strictly pop, for that matter. "It's not pop, it's not R&B, it's Cassie," she explained.
Rockabyebaby is expected to feature Meek Mill, Wiz Khalifa, Jeremih, and 2 Chainz.
And to make this article more interesting, check out a bunch of Cassie photos in the gallery above.


Many newcomers want to become a writer for all of the wrong reasons -- and they usually give up when they learn that what they've read in guru books and the trade headlines does not match the true experience of pursuing such a career.
If you want to avoid becoming a part of that statistic, you have to not just be pursuing a career -- you have to be pursuing a dream. Pursuing a dream is unique in this day and age and it is so much more than the search for a good paycheck.
Let's explore ten inspiring reasons to pursue a career in writing.
When you pursue a dream -- any dream -- you are part of a very small percentage of the population. Most people pursue a job that pays the bills, raise a family, and then they're gone. Perhaps later regretting that they didn't chase after those dreams they had when they were young.
For others, their dreams are of becoming a teacher, doctor, soldier, fireman, police officer, engineer, scientist, construction worker, accountant, etc.
As a writer pursuing the dream of making a living out of writing, you're an uncommon bread. It's special. It's unique. It's honorable in the eyes of many -- and perhaps silly to others that just don't understand -- because you've chosen a career where all odds are against you. Most that go to college to become a teacher, doctor, or engineer are likely going to find a job waiting for them.
With writing, there are no such guarantees. In fact, the sole guarantee is that no matter what talent and effort is showcased, most will never see that dream come true. Most will find something else -- maybe something better for them.
If you truly want to do this, no, if you truly need to do this and you do all that you can to see this dream come true, you're an uncommon breed.
No, this isn't about delusions of grandeur or god complexes. When you pursue this dream, you are the ultimate creator. In Hollywood or the publishing industry, despite what anyone says, it all starts with you -- the word. You have the freedom of creating any character and any situation that you would like. Even when you're under assignment or trying to write a marketable screenplay to break through -- thus having to deal with studio notes and general industry guidelines and expectations -- you are the one bringing any given concept, character, or story to life.
There's a feeling of power to that. And it's not a feeling rooted in greed or vanity. It's something that feeds your soul in ways that no one else will understand.
You become a god. Not of this world or above any other in your life, but you have the passion, power, and ability to create worlds and bring life to them.
Some people jump out of planes, climb mountains, or venture to the depths of the oceans. You sit in front of your computer, typewriter, or notepad and write.
There's no greater rush for a storyteller than when the inspiration comes. When you crack that code of some story point you've been struggling with, when you discover a new character, or when you stumble upon those amazing happy accidents, you quickly realize that you've never felt so alive.
For teachers, maybe it's reaching that difficult student. For doctors, maybe it's saving that little boy's life. For writers, it's telling a story -- and telling it well.
Movies are magic. Novels are as well. The things we can now see and experience in theaters are like no other that have come before. In movies and novels, we can create any world, any scenario, any situation, and either see it come to life through the reader's own mind's eye or on that big or small screen. And it all starts with you.
If you walk onto any movie set, you'll feel the magic. If you walk onto any movie studio lot, you'll feel the magic. If all goes well and you hear those words you wrote long ago finally being uttered by actors as cameras roll, you'll feel the magic. There was nothing more thrilling for me as a writer than hearing my dialogue from actors that I had long watched on the big and small screen. And there's even a magic to seeing your name as it appears in the opening credits.
When audiences sit in their seats and the lights go down, there is a spark of magic as they're transported into the worlds and the lives of the characters.
When you sit or lay down with a new book, as soon as you open that cover, it's magic. Readers are transported into another world.
How many people get to have a hand in providing such magic for others?
Movies and novels can change lives. They can make someone laugh when they need to laugh, cry when they need to cry, cheer when they need to cheer, etc. They have gotten people, states, countries, and the whole world through rough times -- allowing the necessary escapism, entertainment, and providing a platform to understand and comprehend what's happened.
Movies and novels have brought forth the necessary awareness of political and social issues, leading to changes in policy or the way we think as a society. They have made us accept those that we previously feared or didn't understand by providing a human face to what may have previously felt taboo or different.
Look back and imagine what movies and novels changed your life, even in the most minuscule of ways. Perhaps a movie or novel gave you confidence when you had none, provided courage when you needed it most, or allowed you to identify with someone else -- even if you knew it was a fictional character -- that was going through the same or similar struggle that you were.
You don't have to be a professor or teacher to change a life. You don't have to be a policeman, fireman, or soldier to save a life. Writers do it every day, every weekend, every season, and every year.
Writing is a form of expression. Therapy centers on expressing and communicating your inner struggles. They are one and the same.
The topics you tackle in your scripts and novels -- even if they are written subtly within subplots or character arcs -- can be those that which reside within you and your wants, needs, frustrations, resentments, nightmares, and fears.
Writing is a release. It can cure a bad day, week, month, year, or lifetime. It can allow you to escape from a current situation that you'd like to forget or just need a break from. It can allow you to right a wrong that you missed in your life as you live vicariously through your characters.
Writing is expression, expression is therapy.
It can have a waterfront ocean view, the sounds of nature surrounding you, the smell of coffee beans, or the feeling of the warm sun on your hands and face as you type.
Gone are the office politics, the power plays, the disappearance of your leftovers that you had every intention of finishing if not for the act of a faceless and selfish co-worker, etc. Your office is anywhere you choose on any given day.
You can write day or night. You can write for an hour or eight. You can take a week off and return refreshed. You can frantically cram to your own heart's desire.
Sure, you may have to jungle your time with another job until you've broken through those Hollywood or publishing industry gates, but regardless, you're writing time is yours to choose.
If you've ever wanted to be something that for whatever reason you could not, that fantasy can come to life with a few strokes of your keyboard. You can explore what it's like to be a soldier, FBI agent, spy, professional athlete, or astronaut. With some great research and a wild imagination, you can live vicariously through those types of characters.
You can go to places and do things that were never possible in your physical life. If there ever were a real fantasy island, writing would be it.
10. You'll Never Ask Yourself, "What If ..."
Regret is perhaps the most lethal disease to have eat away at you in your later years. The truth of the matter is that no, there are no guarantees of success as you pursue a career in writing. In fact, as mentioned before, all odds are against you. There are too many people trying to do what you're doing and it has gotten to the point where it's not just about talent, great ideas, and effort. Plenty have had all three of those virtues, to no avail.
Yet someone has to make it. Every year someone sees their writing dream come true. Why can't it be you?
Every top writer -- the one percenters -- struggled just like you have. There are no such things as overnight successes, despite what the guru books and trade headlines say. A "first sold script" or a "first published novel" are almost always the product of years of struggle, dead ends, and times of hopelessness. Most successful writers have struggled for a decade or more before finally seeing the dream come true.
And often, those that pursue this career and this dream don't accomplish what they hoped they would. They find more suitable careers and aspirations. They find that it wasn't for them.
But they'll never, ever have to ask themselves, "What if I had tried to make it? What if I had written that script? What if I had written that book? What if I had made a go at that dream?"
Yes, the obvious additions to this list of reasons would be the accomplishments that can be had IF you do go the distance, defy the odds, and make it. The eventual paychecks can be lucrative at times. The thrill and notoriety of seeing your movies in the headlines and at the Oscars can make you feel good. Seeing your novel on a best-selling list is validating. Mingling with the prominent figures in Hollywood or the publishing industry can be enjoyable.
However, these above ten bullet points are the REAL reasons why you, the storyteller, should pursue a career in writing. They fill your heart and soul, not just your bank account and ego.
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Mitra Innovation introduces its machine learning solutions to Amazon Web Services Marketplace
Sophie Chapman - Technology - Dec 13, 2018
The London-based global technology company, Mitra Innovation, has launched its machine learning products on Amazon Web Services (AWS) Marketplace for Machine Learning.
The new-to-market solutions are being deployed on the marketplace, with the algorithms priced at £0.10 (US$0.13) per hour.
The company specialises in digital transformation, cloud enablement, and software development.
The products include a bitcoin indicator, which is designed to indicate future cryptocurrency rates through an algorithm that analyses historic performance and tracks the factors affecting price fluctuations.
A diabetes detector also features on the AWS Marketplace, which predicts the probability of a person having diabetes based on several parameters including age, BMI, glucose level, and blood pressure.
Amazon to introduce cashier-free store to UK capital
Amazon to launch Prime Wardrobe in the UK
Amazon considers launching UK insurance comparison site
The final solution adopted by Amazon is the abusive text content detector which aims to detect abusive content and offensive language within a given text. The product is designed to target organisations that can use the algorithm to analyse and control inappropriate comments and reviews.
"Mitra is delighted to be leveraging Amazon Web Services to develop its ML offering. Our ML models have been developed and created to allow for specific business predictions," stated Ashok Suppiah, CEO of Mitra Innovation.
"Customers will be able configure these ML workflows to allow for smarter decision-making. The AWS Marketplace for Machine Learning can improve the adoption and monetisation of ML and we're excited to be playing a part in making it easier for organisations to get access to the ML models that promise to transform the business world."
Mitra Innovation,
Machine learning,
AWS Marketplace,


CHENNAI: With just a few days left for the Lok Sabha elections, State Fisheries Minister D Jayakumar speaks to Express about the party's chances and how a second Narendra Modi-led BJP term is beneficial for the State.
Q: What percentage of votes, according to AIADMK's assessment, might be lost to TTV Dhinakaran's rebel faction?
We don't even consider TTV Dhinakaran as an influencing factor. The contest is between the DMK alliance and ours in which we will most certainly win. At most, around one or two per cent votes may be polled for AMMK (Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam). People will not accept that party as a substitute to ours; the reason for this is that we are the inheritors of Jayalalithaa and MGR's legacy.
Q: How does the party plan to counter anti-incumbency and the seeming indecisiveness of the fishing community after Jayalalithaa's death?
There is no question of anti-incumbency in the State. A hand that voted for AIADMK will always vote for AIADMK. People realise that the AIADMK government is people-friendly.
The State scores high on woman's safety – if a woman sets out from her home, she can be assured of her safety. There has been no caste or communal tension. On the other hand, during the DMK rule, it was never the case. Nobody was safe.
Q: A new survey by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) states that employment opportunities, better hospitals and health care and access to drinking water are the top three voter priorities and in all of these, the incumbent government has scored a below average score of 2.25 out of 5.
It is one thing when the State received heavy rain. But, now, since that is not the case, the circumstances under which the government is functioning to ensure access to drinking water, need to be considered. We have done our best, we have tapped all available resources, including groundwater.
Fulfilling people's expectations up to 100 per cent is only possible when there is good rain.
As far as health care is concerned, ours is a role model to other States; people are getting treated here from world over. Our health department has won nearly a dozen awards from Delhi, we are excelling at it.
Q: What does Tamil Nadu stand to gain from another term of a Modi-led government at the Centre?
Our alliance has already struck fear in the hearts of our opponents. Some of the main issues that we intend to push is to stop Karnataka's move to build a dam across Cauvery in Mekedatu and we'll also ensure that funds from the Central pool reach the State. We will stick to what has been mentioned in our manifesto and fulfil it.
Q: What are your son J Jayavardhan's chances of winning the Chennai South parliamentary constituency a second time?
Jayavardhan will sweep 60 per cent of votes this time. As far as we've seen on the field, the people are not happy with candidate fielded by opposition. Other than that, he has worked tirelessly for the constituency and has secured around 50,000- one lakh jobs for its people. He had also brought in Central funds for flood resistance.


Warm thanks to all the people, businesses and organizations involved in the project!
The final seminar of ÄlyVESI – Smart City Ferries project was held, 22 May 2018, at the historical Turku Castle. About 80 experts and stakeholders participated in the seminar. The presented topics were Concepts and services of smart urban waterway traffic, Smart pier concept, Safety of autonomous ferries, Energy solutions for autonomous ferries, Sensor technology and remote operation of autonomous ferries, Connectivity and information security, Connectivity test at Archipelago Sea and The Use of results in follow-up projects.
The speakers at the seminar were Tarmo Karhu and Jari Lahtinen from Turku University of Applied Sciences, Satu Salmela from Remotec Oy, Jussi Savolainen from Satel Oy and Sirpa Kannos and Mirva Salokorpi from Novia University of Applied Sciences.
The Smart City Ferries final seminar was a 6Aika side event of the Shift Business Festival 2018.
A big thank you to all the participants and speakers!
A series of four workshops/seminars related to remote operation of autonomous vessels collected Finnish stakeholders together to gain information, network and innovate in February and March 2018.
All together 47 technology and shipping companies, authorities and universities participated the events. Thank you for all the participants and speakers!
The Smart City Ferries project takes part in Stockholm Furniture & Light Fair!
The multidisciplinary student group from Turku University of Applied Sciences, commissioned by the Smart City Ferries project, takes part in Stockholm Furniture Fair 6-10th of February 2018. The product concept ideas for an unmanned city ferry are exhibited in Greenhouse, stand C20:25. The product designs aim to solve passenger safety issues, create smart solutions and increase travel comfort.
ÄlyVESI project's duration was extended until May 31st 2018. Research, development and testing will continue with full steam until the end of March 2018. In the last two months of the project, the focus will be on reporting and disseminating the project results. More information about the ÄlyVESI final seminar coming in the beginning of the year!
ÄlyVESI- Smart city Ferries project started field tests related to the unmanned vessel operation in June 2017.
The first test was done in co-operation with Brighthouse Intelligence Ltd and Åbo Akademi University. It focused on the ability of a LiDAR laser scanner to detect the traffic around the vessel on river Aura. Experience the atmosphere of the first test in the sunny city of Turku from the video below!
Testing of the sensor technology will be continued throughout the fall. Field tests will also be commenced in new research areas, i.e. data transfer tests in the Archipelago of Turku will be started.
Smart City Ferries project, together with Turku University of Applied Sciences, has offered an opportunity for summer students from Turku UAS to take part in collecting user information about travelling on water in Turku Archipelago at Tall Ships Races 2017 event in Turku on 20-23rd of July. The aim is to collect user information through a nice combination of family friendly activities.
Turku UAS and the Smart City Ferries project have a shared tent in Turku Barker's park. Turku UAS students have created the Turku Archipelago themed map game to the tent. With the map game, you can test how well you know the Turku Archipelago. For example, could you point on the map where Naantali Moomin world is or an island called Seili?
There is also drawing paper, crayons and marker pens available in the tent to allow visitors to draw their own dreams of watercraft or other means of transport for water. At the same time, you can also share your own wishes on developing the Turku Archipelago and for example, draw the desired water route to the Turku Archipelago map.
On the tent is also a miniature model to the automated ferry, which has been planned to be operated in Aurajoki. The concept proposal has been developed by designer students from Turku UAS. In addition, the tent has a Pop up store on Fri-Sat 21-22nd of July from 10 am - 2 pm. In the Pop up store, you can buy products made by Turku UAS students from recycled banderoles.
The tent is open from Thurs-Sat 20-22nd of July at 10 am - 7 pm and on Sunday 23rd of July from 10 am - 6 pm. Welcome!
SHIFT business festival gathered 2300 people to Turku Castle Park at the end of May. The theme for SHIFT was collaboration between human and machine, but also collaboration between people. Despite of the many stages, pitching competitions and other interesting happenings there were also many visitors in the pop up container village, where the ÄlyVESI crew presented their project and networked on both festival days. The weather might have been chilly, but the conversations were interesting and resulted in new co-operation with both companies and other projects.
The City of Turku organized a Smart City Event as a SHIFT side event. At Smart City event development of the 6Aika cities (Espoo, Helsinki, Oulu, Tampere, Turku and Vantaa) into smart cities was pondered. "ÄlyVESI project is an important part of this development" says Mirva Salokorpi, R&D Manager from Novia University of Applied Sciences. Project Manager Sirpa Kannos describes the project's innovative nature: "I see the ÄlyVESI –project as an innovation platform for new smart solutions to evolve from".
During the autumn 2016 student project workshop from the Turku University of Applied Sciences commissioned an online survey and urban street survey of residents' opinions on the development of smart urban waterway mass traffic and an opportunity of a new automated city ferry. Online survey was participated by more than 300, and the urban-street survey of about 60 respondents. The results were announced 14.12.2016.
The questionnaire asked for comments and opinions of a need for new ferry crossing the river Aura between Forum Marinum and Telakkaranta, as well as new routes, such as Ruissalo, Hirvensalo or other routes from Forum Marinum toward the city center along the river. They were also asked about trusting on the automated ferry, paying for the service, as well as any additional services needed. Also environmental friendliness emerged as one topic of discussion.
The majority of the respondents saw the opportunity of new smart city ferry welcome. Ruissalo, as a new route of regular public transport by waterway was seen as an interesting and welcome service. Most of the respondents have confidence in the automated ferry. Energy efficiency as well as environmental friendliness were considered important.
The first seminar of the Project ÄlyVESI-Smart City Ferries was held on 28.12.2016 at Turku University of Applied Sciences. The opening was attended by partners and other representatives of the cities of Helsinki, Espoo and Turku as well as universities and authorities. Researchers, students, authorities and Maritime sector companies were represented.
During the event, interesting presentations of intelligent urban waterway traffic were offered. The City of Helsinki has an extensive investigation of costal waterway areas in progress. Their presentation was based on utilization of the waterway for mass transport and the possibilities to use it in an intelligent way. Representative of the City of Turku presented contemplates and plans of the implementation of intelligent services in the context of new mass transport traffic solutions.
Representative of Trafi brought points of view and perspective from authorities. It showed that, especially experimental testing and operation of autonomous vessels are welcome. Safety and regulatory compliance must be demonstrated by the vessel's manufacturer, operator and service provider. A technology company, Reaktor Oy, presented intelligent and automated solutions as an opportunity for an automated and unmanned ferry. Reactor also considers the smart waterway traffic solutions as an opportunity for the development of new intelligent navigation and automation solution packages.
At the end of the day, concepts and services as well as safety matters were discussed in smaller work groups. In the service part the utilization of archipelago more widely on free-time touring for local population and tourism arose to an important level. On safety side, passenger's feelings and understanding of safety matters considered to be a very important aspect when process the vessel design engineering.


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irishpapermoney.com Forum Index Numismatic Articles and Papers Occasional Papers on Irish Paper Money
Banknotes of the Limerick Soviet, April 1919. A study of the notes and their signature varieties
Publications arising from the latest research on Irish Banknotes.
Taoiseach • Admin
Post by Mac » 04 Sep 2015 19:57
Original [print] version (2015), published in Coin News as Banknotes of the Limerick Soviet, April 1919. A study of the notes and their signature varieties, November 2015, p76.
This [electronic] version (2015) www.irishpapermoney.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=22 Numismatic Articles and Papers / Occasional Papers on Irish Paper Money
Mac Devitt, M. (2015). Banknotes of the Limerick Soviet, April 1919. A study of the notes and their signature varieties. [Electronic version]. Accessed [insert date], from irishpapermoney.com/forum/ Occasional Papers on Irish Paper Money:
www. irishpapermoney.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=324
Banknotes of the Limerick Soviet, April 1919
A study of the notes and their signature varieties
By Martan Mac Devitt
In Ireland in April 1919, the proclamation of parts of Limerick city as a military area by the British Army resulted in a general strike. As with many other strikes at this time it was quickly referred to as a 'Soviet'. This Limerick Soviet was unusual in that it issued its own token currency notes. These notes are a brief and interesting part of Irish numismatic history. They are rare, and are found in several varieties.
Background to The Limerick Soviet
The aftermath of the 1916 Rising had removed most of the militant Nationalist leaders from circulation. This allowed the rise of the militant labour movement, sometimes in an unsure alliance with the new Sinn Féin movement.
With a shortage of troops for the war in Europe, the British Government decided to extend conscription to Ireland in April 1918. Politicians, the Church and the labour movement, in the form of the ITGWU, all came together in their opposition to conscription. This resulted in a general strike in protest on 23 April 1918 which lead to the idea of conscription in Ireland being abandoned, a significant victory over the British Government.
At the end of World War 1 Europe was in turmoil. Against the background of the rise of Bolshevism, there was widespread social and economic revolution throughout the continent. Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire had collapsed, taking the old order with them. In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland there was similar unrest with regular strikes in major industrial cities in Britain. August 1918 to April 1919 saw general strikes in several locations in Ireland in a peaceful effort to win a better deal for workers. This was against a background of insurrection in Ireland as the War of Independence commenced.
The lead up to the strike
It was against this background that an incident occurred on 6 April 1919 in which Robert Byrne, a trade unionist and IRA man, court martialed and jailed in February on a gun possession charge, was rescued by the IRA from a prison hospital. It was a botched operation, during which a police constable, Martin O'Brien, was killed. Byrne also died later from his wounds. Whilst in prison, he had been a leader of the struggle for political status for IRA prisoners. Thousands of marchers attended his funeral on April 10.
On April 9, citing the death of the police constable as a reason, much of Limerick city and county was declared a Special Military Area under the provisions of the Defence of the Realm Act. These provisions were intended to flush out IRA men concealed in the midst of local populations. It enabled the military to issue exit and entry permits for the area and made the population subject to police inspections at any time. Tanks were used to secure the streets at entry points to the SMA. The restrictions were quite repressive and were resented by the population at large.
The Strike
The Limerick Trades and Labour Council (LTLC) was an umbrella organisation of 35 trade unions. It's president was John Cronin of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters. At a meeting on Sunday April 13, 1919, the LTLC called a general strike in Limerick, to protest at martial law and the fact that many workers had to have permits and pass through the military check points in order to go to and from work each day. The strike started on Monday 14 April 1919. 14,000 workers had joined the strike by that Monday evening.
The strike committee took over the administration of Limerick, a city of 38,000. The distribution of food throughout the city was regulated and prices were strictly controlled to avoid shortages or profiteering. Certain shops were instructed to be open between 2 and 5 pm each day to supply foodstuffs to the population. The LTLC also published its own newspaper and issued its own currency. It quickly became known as the Limerick Soviet, although the situation bore little in common with happenings in Russia.
The resolution of the strike
Negotiations progressed throughout the duration of the strike. The British Army softened the regulations governing the issue of permits, by suggesting that employers be allowed to issue them, a move rejected in the first instance by the Soviet's leaders. In the end, the strike was not supported by other unions outside of the Limerick area, most notably the big unions based in Britain. The hope of its organisers that it might become a country-wide general strike, or that Limerick would be evacuated, were not realised, leaving the strikers few options but to accept a settlement. The LTLC decided to end the strike, and on Friday 25 April most strikers resumed work, only those subject to permit inspections remaining out. The strike ended on Monday 28 April with all the strikers returning to work.
In the event, any IRA men who were within the SMA kept a low profile throughout the proceedings and it proved ineffective in its efforts to flush them out. On 5 May Military restrictions were officially ended.
The British Army commander in charge of the military area was a General Griffin, who handled the whole affair with cautious but firm diplomacy and sought to avoid any nasty incidents. On the whole, the affair was a generally peaceful one. The only significant confrontation was the eventual successful breach of the area by several hundred people on Easter Monday, 21 April 1919, following a protest the day before.
Although an open challenge to the British Government, the strike was not intended to be political, but was about the rights of workers to come and go to their place of work without repression. Thus, it was in defence of civil liberties (Mehir & Morissy, 1988), and not an aim to set up a new administration, socialist or otherwise, in Ireland. Once a settlement allowing the restoration of civil liberties had been agreed, the strike came to an end. Additionally, Pollard (1922) notes that Sinn Fein would have had little tolerance for any kind of rival administration in Ireland and was likely to have put pressure on the Limerick Soviet to dissolve itself.
The Limerick Soviet banknote issue
Some unions, most notably the National Union of Railwaymen, decided not to issue strike pay to their striking members inside the Soviet. Although food was sent in sizable quantities from the outside, little money was forthcoming. The resulting shortage of money in circulation lead the Soviet to take the decision to issue its own currency in the form of banknotes. The April 21 edition of the daily paper of the Strike Committee, the "Workers Bulletin" announced that "The workers council has issued its own currency notes in 1/-, 5/-, 10/- issues, which will be circulated this evening, and same will be duly redeemed." The issue of the "Strike Treasury Notes" was reported in various North American newspapers on 22 April 1919 (Toronto World, 1919).
Security for the note issue was in the first instance to be the food stocks sent free from outside and the financial support of the workers of Limerick. Later, the notes were backed by the Trades and Labour Council, the National Executive of the Irish Labour Party and the Trade Union Congress (Young., D. IN, No. 16, July-Aug 1970), and by the approved shops which agreed to accept them. The banknote issue proved to be a stable one.
A sub-committee of the LTLC propaganda committee was in charge of printing and issuing the currency. The size of the population would suggest the need for a substantial banknote issue. Available data suggests that the entire issue was redeemed by the LTLC. A small surplus of unredeemed banknotes remained in a fund that had been subscribed to by sympathisers throughout Ireland. Some of these notes may have been kept as souvenirs.
Kemmy (1974) states that 'thousands of pounds' were issued. However, notes have not been seen numbered above the 300s in any denomination. The 33 notes in the LSNC may be considered to be a random sample of the extant notes, and a reasonable indication of the numbers of notes issued. Based on this, assuming a total issue of 400 notes per denomination this would give a total amount of £320 face value. This is clearly far short for the population covered. Thus, it is likely that the "Treasury notes" were only intended as a supplement to other currency already available and in circulation. Also, the 'thousands' of pounds may have been printed, but unissued before the end of the strike.
Anomalies in the signatures on the notes
The Limerick Soviet notes first came to the attention of the broader numismatic community after an article about the Limerick Soviet in The Irish Times, May 17, 1969, by the late James Kemmy, which illustrated two notes (1/-, No.307; 5/-, No.167) with Type B signatures (Young., D. Mystery of the Limerick Soviet Notes. Irish Numismatics, No. 16, July-Aug 1970 pp. 188-189). Subsequently, John Cronin's son, Jeremiah, wrote to the The Irish Times stating that the signature on the notes illustrated was not that of his father, and provided a note (10/- No.123, a Type A note) with a genuine signature for comparison. Thus, right from the start, the numismatic story of the Limerick Soviet notes started with a mystery. Suggestions were made that there had been official proxy signatories (Young 1985), that forgeries had circulated in the lifetime of the note issue (Cahill, 1990), or that souvenir notes had been 'signed' after the termination of the note issue (Cahill, as cited by Young, 1985).
Some 45 years later a clearer picture of the notes has emerged, though without a clear answer as to the nature of the 'proxy' signatures on some of the notes. And other, different proxy signature varieties have come to light. The trickle of Limerick Soviet notes that has turned up since the 1970s has provided a larger pool for study. So far, images of 33 notes have been recorded in the Limerick Soviet Note Census (LSNC), from collections, museums and various auctions. The 33 are listed in Table 1. A quick google search will reveal pictures of about 10 of these. Although 33 is a very small sample, it comes from a wide range of sources, and in the author's opinion there is enough variety to propose answers to the question as to the nature of non-genuine proxy signatures, and to draw some conclusions. A study of the 33 LSNC notes is presented here.
All notes observed so far fall into the Type structure set out following. This is a slight revision of the last published structure of Types in Irish Banknotes (Mac Devitt, 2011). Notes have been seen printed on various shades of paper, primarily cream white and grey-blue. Later-numbered notes tend to be on the grey-blue paper, though a very high number has been seen on white paper. The grey-blue paper is of lesser quality than the white paper. All denominations have been seen on both shades of paper. However, all Type B notes (see following) seen have been on the grey-blue paper only. Observed variations in the two paper colours may be due to aging, or to variations in the paper stock used.
Two very interesting notes have been seen: a 5/- which appears to have been used as a Specimen; and a 10/- which was retained as a souvenir by the then US consul in Ireland, Charles M. Hathaway, Jr, and kept in a Consular envelope.
Five Types of Limerick Soviet Notes
33 notes in all have been recorded by image in LSNC in the period 2007–2015. Six 1/-; seven 5/-; and thirteen 10/- notes. Twelve of the 33 are known to be in museums.
Table 1. Notes recorded in the Limerick Soviet Note Census (LSNC).
Numbers with letter 'm' suffixed are those known to be in museums.
The notes break down into one Specimen type and five basic Types, A–E, with sub-varieties.
Specimen. Signatures John Cronin, Chairman; James Casey, Treasurer. Notes Stamped but not Numbered. Countermarked on the reverse "Cancelled J.C." in Casey's handwriting.
One note recorded. This may be an example of a Specimen note for recognition purposes, or an 'official' souvenir note signed by the actual signatories. Either way, it meets the definition of a Specimen note. Only one example seen, a 5/- note. There could possibly also be a similar 1/-, and 10/-. This note is also unique in that it is the only example of an unnumbered note signed by the correct signatories.
A. Signatures John Cronin, Chairman; James Casey, Treasurer. Notes Stamped and Numbered.
A1. This is the standard issue note. 18 notes recorded: three 1/-; six 5/-; eight 10/-.
A2. Correct signatures as in A1, but banknote not stamped. Only one example of this has been seen so far (10/- No. 311), and it may simply be that the stamp is very faded, as has been seen on some notes. This observation is based on a rather poor quality image taken from ebay in 2007, when the note was recorded. However, there are other instances of very poor surviving impressions of the stamp, and on all of these the stamp remains discernible even in instances where the available image of the notes is of poorer quality than that of the image of 10/- No. 311. A better quality image of this note is needed to be sure of its status. If it missed the stamp, it may be regarded as an error note.
B. Signed as the signatories but by persons other than the signatories. Notes Stamped and Numbered.
These are either official proxy signature notes, or were specifically printed as souvenirs after the end of the strike. 5 notes recorded: two 1/-; two 5/-; one 10/-. All notes seen are unused, and printed on grey-blue paper, pointing towards a souvenir issue.
B1. Signatures: John Cronin, Chairman; J. M. Casey, Treasurer, but authored by two persons other than the signatories. It is noteworthy that the spelling of the signature of Casey differs to that of Type A notes, matching that on Type C3. These notes are either issued notes signed by proxies during the lifetime of the issue, or more likely, souvenirs specifically printed as such after the redemption of the official note issue.
C. Signed as the signatories but by persons other than the signatories. Notes Stamped but not Numbered.
This is likely another 'souvenir' note which uses unissued notes.
C1. Signatures: John Cronin, Chairman; James Casey., Treasurer. Two 10/- notes recorded.
C2. Signatures: John Cronin, Chairman; James. M. Casey., Treasurer. Three 10/- notes recorded.
C3. Signatures: John Cronin, Chairman; J. M. Casey., Treasurer. One 10/- note recorded.
Different authors to Type B. As the notes are not numbered, these may be examples of unissued notes signed up after the conclusion of the strike for the purpose of extra souvenirs. It appears that the person who signed as Casey on C3 may also have signed as Casey on B1—note the style of the initial J—further examples would be needed to clarify this.
D. Numbered and Stamped, but not signed.
2 notes recorded, 1/-, Nos. 185 and 341. Possibly unissued notes awaiting signatures which were kept as souvenirs after the end of the note issue. 185 is printed on grey-blue paper.
E. Signed backwards by a single person as James Casey, Chairman; John Cronin, Treasurer. Numbered and Stamped. One note recorded, 5/-, No. 195. This note is unlikely to be anything other than a souvenir, created by someone 'signing up' a Type D note.
Validation of the note issue and numbering
The security of the notes relies on three features: the purple Mechanics Institute Stamp on the bottom left; the serial number, and the signatures of the Chairman and Treasurer. To be valid, a note must bear all three of these security features. Looking at the 33 surviving notes in LSNC, it can be inferred that the notes were stamped first, numbered next, and lastly signed. There are two anomalies to this, the Specimen 5/- note (Officially cancelled on reverse), and 10/- 311 which appears to be missing the stamp—this note might be an error note, or bear a very faded stamp, not clear in the image seen.
Banknotes were numbered 1-n, up to three digits. The highest numbers observed for each denomination would seem to indicate a possible issue of up to a thousand notes in all, spread across the three denominations. There are no notes recorded with the same number in different denominations. While this is noteworthy, the sample size is far too small to draw any conclusions from this observation. One suggestion that has been made from time to time about the numbering of the notes is that they may have been numbered from 1 to n as they were issued without regard to denomination. This would point to a total issue of under 400 notes in all. It would be useful to see an example of notes of different denominations with the same number, or a note register, to rule out this theory.
The notes are crude by the standards of the day. Uniface, they were probably printed one up on a letter press, using newspaper ink on stationery paper stock, with some later notes printed on lesser quality (grey-blue) paper, of the type used for leaflets or tickets and the like. Four typefaces are used. Extra 10/- notes (Type C) might have been printed as souvenirs after the strike had ended, as was done with the top half of the 1916 proclamation.
Solving the puzzle of the Signature Varieties
Following the discovery of unofficial signatures, several suggestions emerged as to why more than one signature variety exists. The first suggestion is that a proxy signature system was in use during the issue period of the notes whereby others signed the notes in the name of the signatories with their agreement (Young 1985). The second suggestion is that unissued notes were signed after the end of the strike, by persons other than the signatories, for souvenir hunters (attributed to Jim Kemmy by Young, 1985). A third suggestion was that there were forgeries in circulation, though there is no supporting evidence of this whatsoever.
There are several varieties of suspect signatures, falling into two main classes: stamped, numbered notes, Type B; and notes without numbers, Type C. Type B notes might well be a case of an official proxy signature, in which case it might be regarded as an extraordinary issue, as stamped, numbered, signed notes are valid issue. That is unless Type B notes were produced as souvenirs after the end of the note issue. Type C notes occur without numbers, and thus are not issued notes. Additionally, there are three variations in the signature of Casey on Type C notes, suggesting a certain informality. In addition, the style of the J (of James) on Types B and C seems to match (also mentioned by Young) and does not match that on Type A notes. Finally, the syntax of Casey's signature on Type B—J. M. Casey—matches that on Type C2, not that on Type A. Thus, Type B and Type C were signed as Casey by the same person. It could be argued that on such a small note issue, or any note issue, the notion of using proxy signatories might be considered an anomaly, pointing further to Type B notes being souvenirs, 'signed-up' Type D notes. When Type D notes had been exhausted, unnumbered 10/- notes were used for souvenir signing, producing Type C.
Looking at the number sequence, signature Type B is found on the highest numbered, stamped examples so far seen of the signed 5/- and 10/- notes. However, there is one Type A 1/- note recorded, No.362, which is higher in number than the two Type B 1/- notes seen (307, 308). This observed number/signature occurrence of the Type B notes, arguably points towards a proxy signature system being in place late in the life of the note issue. It could also point to a certain randomness of the order of signing, with notes being signed out of numerical sequence, supported by 1/- No.185 which is a Type D, unsigned. Further investigation must await the emergence of more notes.
Further, the 33 observed banknotes in this study suggest that Treasurer Casey ran a tight operation, using an unnumbered Specimen initially, and restricting signed souvenirs to notes signed by persons other than the signatories, with nonstandard syntax of his signature, a security control device. This would further point to Type B notes being souvenirs. Type D notes would thus be unofficial souvenirs, and the one Type E note seen could be regarded as a Type D with graffiti on it. In the absence of records to the contrary, it cannot be ruled out that all notes other than Type A may be post-issue souvenirs rather than official proxy signatures. The balance of argument suggests that the souvenir theory is more plausible than that of proxy signatures.
It must be considered further that after the redemption of the circulating notes was complete, surviving redeemed notes (Type A) may then also have been retained as souvenirs. One of these is certainly known to have been kept as a souvenir, 10/- No.261 which turned up in a collectibles shop in San Francisco in 2003. Still in the American Consular Service envelope it had been kept in, inscribed 'Souvenir', it had been kept by Charles Hathaway, Jr, US Consul in Ireland at the time.
Availability of Limerick Soviet Notes to collectors
Over the past five years there have been a small number of Limerick Soviet notes—fewer than ten (author's observations)—have been offered for sale by auction houses, on ebay, and by dealers. Even those in more obscure auctions tend to do well, regardless of their grade. About half of these notes are new to the LSNC, with the remainder being previously known notes reemerging on the market. The notes are rare and highly sought-after, and have an appeal outside of the banknote collecting community, given their historical connections. Coming up to the 100th anniversary of the 1916 rising, and the 100th anniversary of the Limerick Soviet, there is an increasing demand for items connected with the era of Irish independence. However, as is the case with many Irish notes, their value doesn't really reflect their rarity.
Currently there is apparently no differential in value between notes of the three denominations, though nearly half of all examples observed have been 10/- notes. In time, a differentiation may begin to grow in value between Official notes (Type A) and souvenirs (All other Types). Valuations are approximate, and based on auction results.
Readers can follow the progress of the LSNC and also find links to some of the many on-line resources on the Limerick Soviet forum page. The Census is in its infancy. Readers who have Limerick soviet notes which are not listed here are invited to send a scan or to post on the forum to help expand the census and provide more examples for research.
Cahill, L. (1990). "Forgotten Revolution. Limerick Soviet 1919: A Threat to British Power in Ireland" O'Brien Press, Dublin, 1990.
Census of Ireland, 1911.
Dixon, F.E. "Limerick Soviet Notes" Irish Numismatics, No. 67, Jan–Feb, 1979, p.21.
Mac Devitt, M. (2011). Irish Banknotes. Irish Paper Money From 1928–2001. Dublin.
Mehir, N., Morrissey, J. "Ten Days that Shook Limerick" Revolt of the Bottom Dogs. History of the Trade Union Movement, Limerick City & County 1916–1921. 1988, pp10-11, Labour History Research Group, Limerick.
Pollard, Hugh B. C. (2013). pp. 236-7. The Secret Societies of Ireland: Their Rise and Progress. London, 1922.
Young, D. Mystery of the Limerick Soviet Notes. Irish Numismatics, No. 16, July-Aug 1970 pp. 188-189.
Young, D. "The Limerick Soviet and its Notes" Coin and Medal News, February 1985, p54.
Kemmy, J. The Limerick Soviet. Saothar 2. Journal of the Irish Labour History Society, 1974.
Re: Banknotes of the Limerick Soviet, April 1919. A study of the notes and their signature varieties
Post by Mac » 22 Mar 2020 12:57
There are images of all of the Types and varieties of the banknotes of the Limerick Soviet in the Limerick Soviet Note Issues section on the main website.
For the latest information on research into the Limerick Soviet Treasury note issue, including the census of notes, visit the Limerick Soviet Notes Forum.
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RD.COM Health Conditions
9 Things You Think Could Be Arthritis—But Aren't
Tracy Middleton
Your joints are achy, stiff, and swollen. Run-of-the-mill arthritis might be to blame. But so could these other lookalike conditions.
Anut21ng Photo/Shutterstock
Joint pain is extremely common. In one national survey, about one-third of adults reported experiencing it within the past 30 days. If your joints are giving you grief—and you don't have a recent injury to blame—osteoarthritis (OA) is a likely cause. The condition, in which the joint becomes inflamed as the cartilage between the bones wears away, has more than 30 million Americans in agony, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (the CDC). Even though the condition can't be cured, OTC medications, prescription drugs, and surgery can ease the ache.
But OA isn't the only health condition that can cause joints to become tender and stiffen. Before you reach for the ibuprofen, read on to see if you could be suffering from one of these conditions which can mimic arthritis pain.
Arthritis is often mistaken for fibromyalgia, according to the Arthritis Foundation. They share many of the same symptoms, like muscle pain, limited range of motion, and joint stiffness, especially in the morning. The difference? With fibromyalgia, the pain is often body-wide, while arthritis tends to be localized to a few joints, says Alexis Colvin, MD, an orthopedic surgeon at The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. If you're still not sure whether your pain could be from fibro, check out these other fibromyalgia symptoms you might be ignoring.
"Tendinitis and osteoarthritis can feel very similar," says Dr. Colvin. "Pain, stiffness, and swelling are common symptoms in both." Making distinguishing between the two even tricker? With both conditions, the pain doesn't usually come from one event, but gradually increases over time, says Dr. Colvin. If you're unsure what's causing your joint to act up, see your physician. X-rays and MRI imaging can help doctors determine which condition is causing the pain, so they can help you find relief.
There are actually more than 100 different forms of arthritis and arthritis-related diseases, according to the Arthritis Foundation. And many have similar symptoms. "Rheumatoid arthritis, in particular, feels very similar to osteoarthritis, in terms of discomfort," says Dr. Colvin. But while osteoarthritis is often caused by general wear and tear in a joint, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. One sign that your creaky joints might be due to rheumatoid arthritis: You have a close relative with the condition. "RA often runs in families," says Dr. Colvin.
Like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system turns on normal, healthy tissue, according to the Arthritis Foundation. The Lupus Foundation of America estimates that 1.5 million Americans have the chronic disease, which mainly strikes women between the ages of 15 and 45. In addition to the joint pain that can feel like arthritis, lupus also causes these other surprising symptoms. If you have more than four of them, call your physician, asap.
You wake up and your hand is achy and tingly. Is it arthritis acting up, or something else? Carpal tunnel syndrome can cause pain, weakness, and numbness that runs from the forearm to the hand: These symptoms indicate that repetitive movements like typing or playing an instrument are pinching your carpal nerve, according to WebMD. Women are three times more likely than men to have carpal tunnel syndrome. The thumb, index, and middle fingers are usually the first to feel pain.
In addition to a rash, fatigue, and overall malaise, Lyme disease—an infection caused by a type of bacterium carried by deer ticks—often causes achiness in the joints, according to the American Lyme Disease Foundation. "Many times people don't know that they've been bitten by a tick," says Dr. Colvin, so it's easy to mistake the pain for arthritis. "If someone comes in with knee pain and swelling but no explanation, doctors can drain fluid, and test it for Lyme," says Dr. Colvin. If the results are positive, they can prescribe antibiotics. And if your doctor suspects Lyme, she'll probably also ask if you have any of these other silent symptoms of the disease.
Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune disease that develops in around 30 percent of people who have the scaly skin condition psoriasis, according to the National Psoriasis Foundation. Usually, psoriasis develops first, with the joint problems coming later, but in some cases, joint pain can be the first system, notes the Mayo Clinic. Psoriatic arthritis can target any joint in the body, but people often notice their fingers and spine are the achiest spots. Psoriatic arthritis never goes away, but it can be managed with drugs and lifestyle changes.
Think you have arthritis in your hip or big toe? It might actually be gout, a form of inflammatory arthritis, says Dr. Colvin. The pain and swelling from gout occur when too much uric acid crystallizes in the blood, then builds up in the joints. The result: extreme pain in the joint that may come and go, according to the CDC. Fortunately, if your doctor diagnoses gout, she can prescribe medications to help keep symptoms in check, says Dr. Colvin. If you still need relief from gout, try these home remedies proven to ease the pain when it flares.
Some people with a sluggish thyroid can experience arthritis-like joint pain and swelling—especially in the shoulders and hips according to the Mayo Clinic. Here's why: As your metabolism slows down, fluid can build up in the joints, causing the achy symptoms. But it's more likely that you'll notice the condition's other symptoms first, such as fatigue, hair loss, and increased sensitivity to cold. If you are diagnosed with an underactive thyroid, your physician can prescribe synthetic hormones to treat the small butterfly-shaped gland. Check out the best habits that will keep your thyroid healthy.
Tracy Middleton is an experienced health and wellness journalist and is passionate about fitness, eating well, and coffee.
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