Our helpful restaurant seats pros can assist you find the perfect seats, dining tables, displays, and also barstools, while saving your amount of money by buying direct from the supplier. In the record, you can easily show the name, goals as well as site from the bistro to name a few traits. It can also be actually made use of in combination to store wines, wine must be actually held in an appropriate site, so as to keep the stopper moist.
Dining establishment Seating specializes in bistro furniture, dorm furniture and also resort furnishings. Positioned in Fairhope, Alabama, this dining establishment has come to be a nearby favorite. You really should bear in mind specific parts while developing your pub.
There are actually numerous measures in adorning a bistro. Even bistros along with the most luxurious recipes will certainly discover that tough to withstand if clients are certainly not persuaded to come in considering that they do not possess cozy and exquisite dining establishment chairs. When choosing on the general theme along with the bistro you ought to make specific that you merely make use of an individual which recognizes what they are actually performing.
Dining tables and also office chairs are actually dealt with in bed linens. Possibly this is actually the central aspect from the room; consequently, one must properly acquire the finest eating table and office chairs collections. This show showcases dining establishments and restaurants coming from around the country that Fieri brows through as well as samples on their specializeds. Lots of stylish city dining establishments expose block wall surface inside. The gaining feature from this fine building primarily due to the fact that open on Sundays which most European dining establishments of that kind through the area look at in the type from rest or even non-working time.
The best offering countries are China (Landmass), Turkey, as well as India, which supply 90%, 5%, as well as 1% from bistro seats to buy respectively. Hotels normally possess office chairs available that appropriate either for food items activities or even for workshops and also conference style appointments.
Always remember to request a special rebate every time! The seaside is actually dark, excitable sand and also proves out to walk into the water without a lot of stones as well as such, but there is actually a very solid undercurrent, as well as I feared to head out deep. The cheap rate of the dining tables is likewise mostly determined through their convenience as well as quality.
The menu as well is chosen as each the customer's complete satisfaction as well as could be described as appropriate club food items. The more you know about the food items the better you could give that; in enhancement to this a waitress that is knowledgeable with the menu leaves a good impact and is a far better candidate for an excellent suggestion.


The family history of the ancient name McCormack was found in the irishsurnames.com archives. Meaning 'charioteer', variants of the name McCormack include McCormick. This surname has come into existence in Ireland in many places. There was a minor sept of the name located in County Longford and other septs called O'Cormack and O'Cormacan that were located in Counties Roscommon, Galway, Clare, Cork, Down and Derry.
McCormacks are recorded as leading gentry in County Cork, and one was influential enough to raise a force to assist Desmond in the Elizabethan Wars. The ancient manuscript 'The Four Masters' records the deaths of several prominent MacCormacks located in County Fermanagh, the last of these died in 1431. The MacCormacks of Armagh were descendants of these.The McCormack family crest (or coat of arms) came into existence many centuries ago. The process of creating these coats of arms began as early as the eleventh century although a form of Proto-Heraldry may have existed in some countries prior to this, including Ireland. The new more formalized art of Heraldry made it possible for families and even individual family members to have their very own family crest, coat of arms, including McCormack descendants.


text: Q: ng2-datepicker all-label customization I'm using ng2-datepicker. I found out how to customize the language for the date-related content, but not for the "Select Year", "Today" and "Apply" buttons. I ended up changing the package's files, but this is more than ugly. Does somebody know a more beautiful solution or is it just not supported?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Is Certified Organic Important For Your Mattress?
The answer of course is it depends. Our mattresses are not certified organic, as there are a few materials such as the wool and hemp that are not certified organic. Hemp is grown and processed with so few pesticides and chemicals that certified organic seems mostly like a marketing ploy, and we don't think there is a more ethical, sustainable and chemical-free wool mill in the world than Custom Woolen Mills.
We do think that it is critical that some of the materials are certified organic, such as the latex or if we ever use any cotton. In these cases, the certifications help us to ensure that the product is pure without any synthetic blends being added and that the factory's where the product is manufactured are practicing first class human resources and environmental policies.
At the end of the day what really matters is how the plants and animals are grown and how the fibers are processed. Certified Organic is a way to promote and encourage higher standards, but it is also important to recognize that there also is a bit of "greenwashing" and marketing involved with certifications.
Our motto is to do your research, stay as local as you can, avoid waste and if in doubt, organic typically is better than not... although not necessarily.
To see our line of natural mattresses made using natural fibres and organic natural latex, please click here.


text:
The California Report Magazine
Hoby Wedler Thinks About How Your Water Bottle Sounds
Sam Harnett
Hoby Wedler makes a living thinking about the way things sound. (Courtesy of Hoby Wedler)
Almost every product that you interact with has been designed to have a particular look, but also a particular sound. Think of the pop of a Pringles can or the snap of a Snapple cap. When companies need to design the sound of their products, they turn to a sensory consultant, like Hoby Wedler.
Wedler lives in Petaluma and has been blind since birth.
"I've not had vision ever, but I've used my other four senses a lot to just sort of engage and understand the world around me," Wedler says. "I have a sonic memory and I memorize sounds and how things sound when I'm around them."
He invited Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett from the podcast, The World According to Sound, to his house for a sonic demonstration of the kinds of sounds that he spends hours thinking about.
If you've got a chance, when you hit that play button above, you should really listen to this story with headphones.
This story is part of a series by Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett of the podcast The World According to Sound. They're teaming up with the LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired in San Francisco to help us reimagine California in the rich ways blind people experience it every day. The project has additional support from California Humanities.
Stay in touch. Sign up for our daily newsletter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Last week we had a peek at the light and medium incarnations of a basic To'reshian armor form, so let's wrap up the set and have a look at a heavy incarnation of the same "platform."
Here you can see a version of the armor that has been built to address perceived strengths from the armors of other cultures, specifically the Neran and the Hrothi: the base platform of this armor set has been augmented with laminated plates in a way that mimics the steel platemail forms of the northern tribes. Of course, To'reshian aesthetics still hold sway, no one tells a To'resk how to look good but another To'resk.
Enjoy and shine on my friends!
THE SAMURAI VIBES... i expect samurai techniques and fighting styles SBS. This is honestly making me re think my starting race!
Very intimidating look! It appears to have been inspired by Samurai armor!
wauw, yes! thet looks very nice!
Looks like Shredder armor. Those who grew up in the 80's and watched Ninja Turtles feel me. Looks awesome!
OMG To'resk armor is amazing looking!!!!


JJ Ramberg is the Co-Founder of Goodshop, host of the MSNBC program "Your Business" and author of the bestselling book It's Your Business. JJ is a leader in the space of social entrepreneurship. Goodshop is the world's first shop-funding site – giving users the chance to both save money and raise money at the same time. Through its innovative online platform and Gumdrop browser plugin, Goodshop allows people to create campaigns. Every time they and their supporter's shop at thousands of retailers, a portion of what they spend is donated to that campaign. In addition, the Gumdrop browser plugin automatically activates the best coupons and deals each time someone visits an online store. To date, Goodshop has saved shoppers more than $100 million and raised more than $12 million for causes and campaigns.


text:
Retargeting, česky znovuzacílení, je pojem nejčastěji používaný v digitálním nebo online marketingu. Je to pojem velmi blízký remarketingu, tedy možnost cílení v PPC a RTB reklamách na lidi, kteří už s námi byli v kontaktu, například už navštívili náš web.

V softwarovém inženýrství je retargeting vlastnost (de-)kompilátorů, která umožňuje jejich konfiguraci na jinou než obvyklou instrukční sadu procesoru. V onkologii se o retargetingu píše např. v souvislosti s možným přesměrováním buněk CAR-T na malignity B-buněk.

Internetový marketing
Behaviorální retargeting (také známý jako behaviorální remarketing, nebo jednoduše retargeting) je forma online cílené reklamy, při které je reklama cílena na spotřebitele na základě jeho předchozích akcí na internetu. Retargeting si označí online uživatele vložením dat do cílové webové stránky nebo e-mailu, která nastaví cookie v prohlížeči uživatele. Jakmile je cookie soubor nastaven, může inzerent zobrazovat tomuto uživateli grafické reklamy odkudkoli z internetu prostřednictvím systému výměny reklam.

Směrnice o soukromí a elektronických komunikacích z roku 2002 (2002/58/EC) a její revize z roku 2009 vyžadují v EU souhlas s použitím souborů cookie a stanoví, že uživatelé musí mít možnost se odhlásit.

Retargeting odkazů je forma retargetingu, která umožňuje inzerentovi cílit na publikum, které klikne na odkaz ovládaný inzerentem. Tento retargeting byl patentován společností Inbound Retargeting Technologies v USA v roce 2017.

Retargeting e-mailu může odkazovat na:
 přesměrování uživatelů, kteří si prohlížejí reklamy poté, co si přečetli e-mail od inzerenta (založený na grafických reklamách),
 zaslání e-mailu návštěvníkovi webu po jeho návštěvě webu (na základě e-mailu).
E-mailový retargeting je běžně používanou formou digitálního marketingu.

Retargeting vyhledávání je forma retargetingu využívaná online marketéry, kteří cílí na publikum na základě předchozích vyhledávání, která provádějí na jiných webových stránkách. Na rozdíl od retargetingu stránek je retargeting vyhledávání navržen tak, aby našel nové zákazníky, kteří na webu marketingu pravděpodobně nikdy předtím nebyli. Zatímco reklama ve vyhledávání je metoda umisťování online reklam do výsledků dotazů vyhledávačů, retargeting vyhledávání se pokouší rozšířit interakci se stejnými hledajícími, když se přesunou ze stránek s výsledky vyhledávání do jiných online aktivit a webů.

Softwarové inženýrství
V softwarovém inženýrství je retargeting vlastnost nástrojů pro vývoj softwaru, které byly speciálně navrženy pro generování kódu pro více než jednu architekturu. Příslušný kompilátor musí být navržen tak, aby byl schopný relativně snadno generovat kód pro různé typy instrukčních sad CPU.

Příklady retargetable kompilátorů:
 GCC
 ACK
 lcc
 VBCC
 Portable C Compiler
 SDCC
 LLVM
 Small-C kompilátor
 MPG, "machine-independent efficient microprogram generator"

 retdec je otevřený zdrojový retargetovatelný dekompilátor strojového kódu založený na LLVM.

Naopak retargetable assemblery jsou schopny generovat objektové soubory různých formátů, což je užitečné při přenosu programů v jazycích assembleru do různých operačních systémů, které běží na stejné architektuře CPU (například Windows a Linux na platformě x86). Jedním z těchto asemblerů je NASM.

Odkazy

Reference

Související články
 Remarketing
 Procesory Cyrix
 Přesměrování (informatika)
 Search Engine Marketing
 E-mailový marketing

Architektura procesoru

Internetový marketing
Reklama na Internetu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Revolutionary Guard commander Mohammad Ali Jafari in the immediate right to Supreme Leader Khamenei in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, Oct. 5 2013
Iran threatens the US to end the Nuclear Deal Following the Statements by Trump
Rahim Hamid
Beyond Europe, Iran
ATa meeting of the Strategic Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Saturday 10/8/17 entitled "analyzing Trump's behavior", Major General Mohammad Ali Jafari of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard addressed recent developments regarding the "Iran Nuclear Deal" (aka Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action or JCPOA).
He stated, "If the Americans think that they will ultimately be negotiating such issues with Iran, they have chosen a completely wrong path. Iran intends to solve these issues off the negotiating table. There is absolutely no room for negotiation."
Jafari also stated that if the United States is bent on implementing new sanctions against the Iranian Revolutionary Guard, they have to better move their regional bases at least a 2000 kilometer radius away from Iran's missiles range. He also threatened that if the US government lists the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps as a "terrorist" organization, the Revolutionary Guards would "target the US military throughout the world, especially in the Middle East, considering it as same as ISIS."
Jafari also said, in an assessment of the new US sanctions, "These sanctions finalize the experience of JCPOA for us, and that experience is that America uses dialogue as a tool of pressure and hostility, not interaction or problem-solving." Jafari finished by emphasizing that "The United States' conduct with Iran has proved that we cannot regulate our foreign relations solely on the basis of JCPOA." He continued, "Americans know that Iran will take advantage of the stupidity of the Trump administration concerning their revoking of JCPOA. We will just use that as an opportunity to advance our conventional missile programs and defense programs."
In a related context, Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Bahram Qasimi denied claims made in a Reuters report that Tehran was ready to negotiate regarding its ballistic missile program and reiterated that his country's controversial missile systems were not negotiable.
Qasimi stated "Iran has repeatedly stressed in all bilateral diplomatic meetings that its missile defense program is non-negotiable, and that it does not conflict with UN Security Council Resolution 2231," according to a report in the Iranian news agency Mehr on Saturday.
A report by Reuters on Friday quoted well-informed Iranian and Western officials as saying that Iran had hinted to the six world powers that it might be ready to talk about its arsenal of ballistic missiles in an effort to ease tensions surrounding its controversial program.
A senior Iranian source, speaking on condition of anonymity, told Reuters that Iran had informed major powers on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly last month that the missile program could actually be discussed "to ease concerns."
The issue of Iranian missiles is a new crisis to Iran's relationship with Western countries, as the United States is now stressing the need to stop Iran's missile testing due to considering them a threat to security and peace worldwide.
White House spokeswoman Sandra Sanders said that US President Donald H. Trump, in the context of defining Washington's new strategy toward Iran, would look at all of Tehran's behavior – including their missile tests, their support for terrorism, and their cyber-attacks.
Sanders added that President Trump would consider Iran's history of conduct, and not just one specific issue – clearly referring to JCPOA which Trump is demanding be reconsidered or canceled. "The nuclear deal is not the only bad behavior of Iran, but its missile tests, instability in the region, its support for terrorism, cyber-attacks, and its possession of an illegal nuclear program, can also be seen as part of Tehran's bad behavior," she said. Sanders stated that a government team was trying to present a concrete plan in the coming days that would include a general response to all these issues.
Senior White House officials have revealed in the past week that Trump seemed to be pursuing a path that could lead the United States to abandon the deal. Trump sees JCPOA as giving Iran concessions that help to expand its influence in the Middle East and destabilize the security in Arab countries such as Syria, Iraq, and Yemen.
US President Donald Trump will announce his country's policy on the controversial 2015 nuclear deal shortly, White House officials have revealed. The White House said on Thursday that Trump may conclude on October 12 that "the nuclear agreement with Iran does not meet US interests," which would mean Washington's withdrawal from the agreement brokered in the period of his predecessor, Barack Obama.
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When you spend too much time picturing what a project is going to be like, too much time thinking about how awesome it will be… and too little time actually making the thing, you make no progress.
With respect to goals, projects, and other to-do items, it's easy to get stuck too long in the thinking phase.
Many people get excited about a lot of ideas. But unfortunately they easily begin pushing them further back on their to-do lists, if not completely disregarding them as being unfeasibleor unreaslistic.
When you value "the thinking mindset" more than "the doing mindset" you will eventually end up with a note app or notebook full of dozens or even hundreds of ideas and plans.
Greater percentage of them will never be done. And you will most likely not think about a lot of them again. Some are maybe 5–10% complete, and a few maybe at least 50% done. It can quickly turn into inaction habit.
As Gregg Krech writes in his book The Art of Taking Action: Lessons from Japanese Psychology, external reality remains exactly the same after your decision to ask someone out, to write a book, or leave your job. What matters is "creating ripples", as he puts it — actions, however tiny, that alter things in the world outside your head.
Being a Doer instead of just a Thinker requires an insane amount ofdiscipline and commitment. Doing involves risk but it's the only way to make progress.
Thinking and planning in advance is important, vital in fact, to your successbut acting is even more crucial to long-term achievement.
Just thinking about something wont't do you any good if you don't actually do it. Every time you put something off, it's put into a queue, and nearly everything in that order of things to do may NEVER get done.
You can never get real progress if you don't take action. All of the self-help articles in the world can't save you if you never take action. Every time you read a book or article like this, immediately apply something from it (no matter how big or small).
Most things on your to-do list won't be done. Take them off your list or maintain the healthy habit of doing something about them everyday.
Committing to action doesn't end once you make ptogress. It means you never stop pushing.
As you think about this question, hold the expectation that the answer will be something simple that can be done in the next 30 minutes or less.Whatever reasonable answer pops into your head, accept it and act on it immediately.
If you enjoyed this post, you will love Postanly Weekly (my free digest of the best productivity, career and self-improvement posts). Subscribe and get a free copy of my new eBook, "The Power of One Percent Better: Small Gains, Maximum Results". Join over 27,000 people who are on a mission to build a better life.


text:
Home » Online sales add to shelf life importance
Online sales add to shelf life importance
By Jeff Gelski
More Whole Foods Market items should appear online since Amazon finalized its acquisition in late 2017.
KANSAS CITY — When it comes to shelf life, consumer trends have presented challenges to food manufacturers. The "clean label" movement has reined in the use of certain chemical-sounding preservatives. Now, the ability to sell product online may influence shelf life as well. The longer a product stays fresh, the more likely it could be sold online.
Enzymes and extracts from natural sources such as green tea and rosemary may be used to keep products fresh.
Online grocery sales in the United States will have a compound annual growth rate of 27% to reach $41.7 billion by 2022, according to a 2017 report from Packaged Facts, Rockville, Md.
"Online grocery sales still represent a relatively small portion of overall food and beverage sales in the U.S., and marketers have a long runway for growth," the report said.
Nielsen, New York, released its own report in 2017 called "What's Next in E-Commerce, Understanding the Omnichannel Consumer." The number of Americans buying groceries online, currently at 23%, could more than triple in less than 10 years, according to Nielsen.
"Amazon's acquisition of Whole Foods was an important signal to the market: E-commerce is fundamentally changing the retail landscape," the report said. "The future of retail will be built on a digital foundation."
Top barriers to online purchasing globally were consumers wanting to examine product (69%), freshness concern (64%) and quality concern (62%).
"Today's consumers have a multitude of options to purchase groceries and food products, including both fresh perishable and frozen baked goods through online services like Amazon Fresh and Blue Apron," said Christopher Limmex, technical sales support manager — enzymes for Kerry and based in Beloit, Wis. "We even see regional or specialty brands, like King's Hawaiian, develop their own online store.
"However, with the greater variability of distribution channels and shipping methods, shelf life stability becomes even more important. Online distribution of frozen products allows for brands to reach a wider consumer base with a greater assortment of products. Kerry works with our customers to develop shelf life solutions utilizing enzymes that suit the specific needs of their products and distribution strategies."
Online ordering and shipping allow consumers to purchase finished goods from their favorite bakeries, donut shops, pizzerias and burritos shops — all from other states, said Marie Thomas, vice-president — innovations, baking ingredients, for AB Mauri North America, St. Louis.
Today's consumers have a multitude of online options to purchase groceries and food products.
"Closer to home, as local home grocery delivery becomes more commonplace, consumers can easily order and have delivered the bread, bun, rolls, cakes, donuts, pies and other baked goods that they would normally drop into their carts inside the store," she said.
Products sold online need an extended shelf life to accommodate distribution times, the time of year, temperature, and shipping and handling tolerance, said Kathy Sargent, market director, bakery, for Corbion and based in Lenexa, Kas.
"While products must remain soft, they require resilience to prevent crushing," she said. "Oftentimes, the baked item may sit along an ice pack to keep other meal items stable. Without enzyme modification, these cold conditions would stale baked goods quickly, dissatisfying the consumer that expects a premium solution."
Clean label has remained a force as well. When asked how they defined a healthy food, 15% gave "free from artificial ingredients, preservatives or additives" as their No. 1 concern in the International Food Information Council Foundation's 2017 Food and Health Survey. Another 36% gave that answer as either their No. 2 or No. 3 concern.
Whole Foods Market, Austin, Texas, has a list of unacceptable ingredients for its products. The ingredients include artificial preservatives, BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and TBHQ (tertiary butylhydroquinone). More Whole Foods Market items should appear online since Amazon finalized its acquisition of the company in late 2017.
A Harris online poll of 1,006 people age 18 and over in the United States found that while 57% said price is most important when choosing a product, 25% said the ingredient label is most important, according to a Nov. 15 webinar from Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, Iowa, that was hosted by Baking & Snack, a sister publication of Food Business News. The poll also found 31% said they always read the ingredient label.
Business Clean Label Ingredient Applications
Meat makeover: Using ingredients to enhance shelf-life
Patent involves adding flax to cereal, extending shelf life
Choose the right clean label extract for shelf life
How to spark online snack sales
General Mills' patent involves extended shelf life of refrigerated dough


It started with a brilliant computer scientist, an acedamy-award winning professor and a savvy business leader with a passion for data. They came together to solve one of the most challenging problems in software. To make data understandable to ordinary people. These were the fundamental ingredients for Tableau.
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If you are new to Tableau, you can see the power of this software for yourself by starting your free 14 day trial here.


text:
453 F. 2d 616 - Bornmann v. Great Southwest General Hospital Incorporated
453 F2d 616 Bornmann v. Great Southwest General Hospital Incorporated
Louis F. BORNMANN et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants,
GREAT SOUTHWEST GENERAL HOSPITAL, INCORPORATED, et al.,
Defendants-Appellees.
No. 71-1848 Summary Calendar.*
Dec. 29, 1971.
James S. Vecchio, Vecchio & Vecchio, Arlington, Tex., for plaintiffs-appellants.
L. W. Anderson, Dallas, Tex., for defendants-appellees.
Before WISDOM, COLEMAN, and SIMPSON, Circuit Judges.
WISDOM, Circuit Judge:
This is a diversity action brought by Louis F. Bornmann, individually and on behalf of his two minor daughters, for the death of his wife, Nancy C. Bornmann, from a self-administered dose of barbiturate drugs while she was a patient at Great Southwest General Hospital, Inc. in Grand Prairie, Texas. Bornmann appeals from a jury verdict in favor of the defendants: Great Southwest General; the attending physician, Dr. Nancy Amil, deceased; and her partner, Dr. Virginia King, individually and as executrix of Dr. Amil's estate. The plaintiffs-appellants question the propriety of certain jury instructions as well as various rulings by the trial judge during the course of the trial. We affirm.
At 6:30 p. m. on June 11, 1968, Nancy Bornmann, was admitted to Great Southwest General Hospital as a paying patient. The hospital records indicate that the admitting diagnosis was "Possible phenobarbital or dilantin reaction" and that Mrs. Bornmann's physician was Dr. Nancy Amil. Nancy Bornmann was a registered nurse and had been employed as a nurse at Great Southwest General Hospital for seven months. Counsel fully explored Mrs. Bornmann's medical history at the trial. She had experienced four or five grand mal seizures beginning in 1952 and was considered to be an epileptic. To control seizures, she took phenobarbital and dilantin. Mrs. Bornmann was known to have difficulty with drugs, having been sent home from her work as a nurse at least twice by the hospital administrator and by her fellow nurses for inability to perform her duties because of the influence of drugs. Earlier, she had been admitted as a patient to Great Southwest on May 12, 1968; the admitting diagnosis was: "Dilantin overdosage. Cerebrovascular spastic action of Orthonovum".
At 7:30 a. m. on June 14, 1968, hospital attendants found Nancy Bornmann dead in her hospital room. The death certificate listed the cause of death as "Barbiturate poisoning"; an autopsy report stated that the cause of death was "Phenobarbital Intoxication". Testimony disclosed that Mrs. Bornmann's stomach contained "no less than 300 . . . pills" which laboratory test revealed to be phenobarbital. The source of the drugs she ingested was not determined. At 4:00 p. m. on June 13, 1968, her vital signs were last charted. Her husband visited her the night before her death and remained with her until about 9:30 p. m. He testified that his wife was in good spirits and that he had observed no indications of potential suicide.
This diversity suit is controlled by Texas law. The defendants assert the following defenses: (1) contributory negligence, (2) lack of foreseeability, (3) new and independent cause, (4) "volenti non fit injuria", and (5) unavoidable accident. The trial judge presented the jury with eleven special issues. The jury found the hospital negligent in caring for Nancy Bornmann but found that the hospital's negligence was not a proximate cause of her death.1 Furthermore, the jury found Nancy Bornmann negligent in one or more respects and that her negligence was a proximate cause of her death.2 Also, the jury found that Nancy Bornmann understood the extent of danger presented by taking an overdose of barbiturates and that she voluntarily exposed herself to such appreciated danger as a result of intelligent choice.3 The jury exonerated Dr. Nancy Amil and Louis F. Bornmann of any negligence. The court denied a motion for a new trial.
I. Alleged Errors in Jury Instructions
A. Instructions on Negligence. The Bornmanns contend, first, that the trial court erred in charging the jury and submitting special issues to the jury inquiring whether Nancy Bornmann was negligent in certain respects and if her negligence was a proximate cause of her death, because the instructions (See footnote 2) invited and permitted the jury to find that her suicide was contributory negligence. They argue that the hospital was under a specific duty to care for Nancy Bornmann and to prevent acts such as suicide. If suicide may be considered contributory negligence, they contend, the hospital would be relieved of liability and the specific duty of care would evaporate because of the occurrence of the very act to be guarded against.
We note at the outset that the charge to the jury accurately represented to the jury the applicable Texas law. Simply stated, a hospital is under a duty to exercise reasonable care to safeguard the patient from any known or reasonably apprehensible danger from himself and to exercise such reasonable care for his safety as his mental and physical condition, if known, may require. Liability exists only if the suicide proximately results from the negligence of the hospital or its employees. The most important single factor in determining the liability of a hospital for failing to prevent the suicide of a patient is whether the hospital authorities in the circumstances, could reasonably have anticipated that the patient might harm himself. See Anno., Civil Liability for Death by Suicide, 11 A.L.R.2d 751 and cases cited therein; 40 Am.Jur.2d 849; Arlington Heights Sanitarium v. Deaderick, 272 S.W. 497 (Tex.Civ.App.1925). The trial court's charge accurately stated the law.4
The appellants' argument as to the propriety of the submission of Special Issues 7 and 8 with accompanying definitions (See footnote 2) may be taken as questioning the relevance of contributory negligence to a hospital-suicide case. In effect, the appellants argue that contributory negligence is not a defense to a cause of action based on the alleged negligence of a hospital, because contributory negligence cannot preclude liability when a specific duty of care exists. Assuming, but not deciding, that contributory negligence may not serve as a defense to a suit for violation of a hospital's specific duty of care, the argument advanced by the appellants is not applicable to the instant case. The jury was not expressly instructed on the doctrine of contributory negligence nor do any of the Special Issues in terms raise that defense. Assuming, however, that Special Issues 7 and 8 (See footnote 2) may be read as raising the defense of contributory negligence, their presence in the jury instruction was harmless in this case. The jury absolved Great Southwest of liability by its answers to Special Issues 1 and 2 (See footnote 1). By finding that the hospital was negligent but that the negligence was not the proximate cause of Nancy Bornmann's death, the jury freed the hospital from liability. The issue of contributory negligence was therefore immaterial. We would be faced with a different situation if the jury had found Great Southwest negligent and its negligence a proximate cause or if the jury had found Nancy Bornmann negligent and her negligence a proximate cause, and, therefore, a verdict had been entered in favor of the defendants because of contributory negligence. In such a case, the appellants' contentions as to the inapplicability of contributory negligence would have been relevant.5 Here, however, the jury absolved the hospital of liability by its finding as to lack of proximate causation. Contributory negligence was, therefore, irrelevant. See FRCP 61.
In addition to launching a frontal attack on the contributory negligence defense, the appellants mount a collateral attack. On appeal they question the effect which the submission of Special Isues 7 and 8 had on the jury's decision on Special Issue 2 (See footnote 1). The jury may, according to appellants, have considered Nancy Bornmann's negligence as a "new and independent cause" and found Great Southwest's negligence not to be a proximate cause of Mrs. Bornmann's death because of the intervention of a "new and independent cause". Thus, the jury verdict, even if not directly traceable to the use of the contributory negligence doctrine was influenced by its interjection into the case. The answer to Special Issue 2, the appellants contend, was motivated by a desire to absolve the hospital of guilt for the suicide which the jury felt was a negligent act on the part of Mrs. Bornmann.
Assuming, but not deciding, that the suicide may not constitute a "new and independent cause" breaking the chain of proximate causation (a point dealt with more fully below), we do not agree that the jury acted as the appellants would like us to believe. Proximate causation, as defined by the trial court, (See footnote 1) consisted, in this case, of two distinct elements: (A) New and independent cause and (B) Foreseeability. In order for the plaintiffs to recover, the jury would have had to find no "new and independent cause" (not A) and foreseeability (B). Inherent in the definition of "new and independent cause" (See footnote 1) was lack of foreseeability. For the jury to have erred as the appellants contend, the jury must have found that the suicide was foreseeable (B) but that there was a "new and independent cause" (A).6 This would mean that the jury found suicide foreseeable (as part of its consideration of the foreseeability component of proximate cause) and, at the same time, not foreseeable (as part of its consideration of the "new and independent cause" component of proximate cause). We cannot attribute this obviously contradictory finding to the jury, especially in view of the clear and complete instructions.
Although we cannot probe the minds of the jurors, it is fair to say that the jury found lack of foreseeability (not B) and no "new and independent cause" (not A) or lack of foreseeability (not B) and a "new and independent cause" (A).7 The appellants' contention as to the influence which the submission of Special Issues 7 and 8 had on Special Issue 2 is without merit.
Next, the Bornmanns argue that it was error for the trial court to submit Special Issue 7 (See footnote 2) on the negligence of Nancy Bornmann because there was insufficient evidence to support the issue. We can not agree. Nancy Bornmann was a "Registered Nurse" with all the training and experience inherent in that title. She was familiar with general hospital procedure as well as methods for the treatment of patients. Her own experience with drugs surely had alerted her to the proper use of drugs and the dangers of improper use. There was testimony as to curative measures employed in the case of drug overdose, measures with which Nancy Bornmann was familiar. There was substantial evidence therefore upon which the jury might reasonably have based a finding of negligence for one or more of the reasons listed in Special Issue 7. The submission of this issue was not erroneous.
B. Instructions on "New and Independent Cause". The appellants complain of the trial court's definition of "new and independent cause" (See footnote 1) on the ground that it misled the jury into believing that suicide may constitute a "new and independent cause" relieving the hospital of liability no matter how negligent the hospital may have been in the care and treatment of the deceased patient. First, the trial court's definition of "new and independent cause" was correct. The appellants' suggested addition to the definition was repetitive and, therefore, superfluous.8 Second, suicide may constitute a "new and independent cause" in certain situations (See footnote 5). See generally Anno., 11 A.L.R.2d 751; Scott v. Greenville Pharmacy, 212 S.C. 485, 48 S.E.2d 324 (1948); Cauverien v. DeMetz, 20 Misc.2d 144, 188 N.Y.S.2d 627 (1959); Appling v. Jones, 115 Ga.App. 301, 154 S.E.2d 406 (1967); Fernandez v. Baruch, 52 N.J. 127, 244 A.2d 109 (1968). The cases disapproving suicide as a "new and independent cause" generally involve situations where the defendant knows of the suicidal risk or has undertaken a specific duty to prevent suicide. The jury might reasonably have found that suicide constituted a "new and independent cause" in the case at bar. Third, Texas law is clear that it is not reversible error to include unnecessarily a definition of "new and independent cause" in the charge. The burden is on the appellant to demonstrate that the alleged erroneous inclusion of the definition reasonably and probably caused the rendition of an improper verdict. See North Texas Producers Assoc. v. Stringer, 346 S.W.2d 500 (Tex.Civ.App.1971); McCord v. Vilbig Construction Co., 417 S.W.2d 634 (Tex.Civ.App.1967). In the instant case no such demonstration has been made. Finally, the jury may never have reached the "new and independent cause" component of proximate cause because of a negative finding on the foreseeability component of proximate cause (See footnotes 6 and 7).
C. Instructions on "Volenti Non Fit Injuria". Next, the appellants complain of the submission to the jury of Special Issues 9 and 10 (See footnote 3) embodying the doctrine of "volenti non fit injuria", because (1) the doctrine was inapplicable to the facts of the case and (2) the doctrine was not supported by sufficient evidence. "Volenti non fit injuria" is an affirmative defense relieving the defendant of liability for negligence when the plaintiff knew of the existence of danger caused by the defendant's negligence and voluntarily and intelligently exposed himself to that danger. See Rabb v. Coleman, 469 S.W.2d 384 (Tex.S.Ct.1971) Halepeska v. Callihan Interest, Inc., 371 S.W.2d 368 (Tex.S.Ct.1963); Wood v. Kane Boiler Works, 150 Tex. 191, 238 S.W.2d 172 (1951); Azores v. Samson, 434 S.W.2d 401 (Tex.Civ.App.1968); Charrin v. Methodist Hospital, 432 S.W.2d 572 (Tex.Civ.App.1968); Kronzer, "Special Issue Submission in Causes Involving 'Premise Defects' and Volenti Non Fit Injuria", 2 Houston L.Rev. 1 (1964).9
The doctrine fits the facts of this case, and there was sufficient evidence to support its submission. The jury might reasonably conclude that a registered nurse trained to handle drugs, who had used drugs herself, appreciated the danger of taking an overdose of barbiturates. There was testimony that Nancy Bornmann was in good spirits the evening of her death and showed no indications of potential suicide. Although there was contradictory testimony, the jury might reasonably conclude that Nancy Bornmann voluntarily exposed herself to the appreciated danger as a result of intelligent choice.
Assuming, however, that the use of the "volenti" defense was error, it was harmless. The jury by its answers to Special Issues 1 and 2 (See footnote 1), absolved the hospital of primary liability. Therefore, the affirmative defense of "volenti non fit injuria" was immaterial and its inclusion in the charge, even if error was harmless. See F.R.Civ.P. 61.
II. Other Alleged Errors
The Bornmanns complain of two other actions of the trial judge. First, they contend that the trial court erred by excluding the testimony of one of their expert medical witnesses because his identity was not revealed to the defendants as required by a pre-trial order. The exclusion of the testimony, which may in fact have been merely cumulative, was within the sound discretion of the trial judge as interpreter of the pretrial order. The admission of the testimony may have resulted in unfair surprise to the defendants. Further, the plaintiffs could have called the expert medical witnesses they had identified as required by the pre-trial order. The trial court's ruling admitting the testimony of certain of the defendants' witnesses was not inconsistent with his ruling as to the plaintiffs' witnesses. The defendants' witnesses on hospital administration were not asked to render opinions and, thus, could properly be found by the trial judge not to come within the scope of the pre-trial order. We cannot say that the trial judge's action was an abuse of his discretion. Any error involved was harmless. F.R.Civ.P. 61.
Finally, appellants complain of the trial court's ruling admitting evidence of Dr. Nancy Amil's general standing and reputation in the community because such evidence was allegedly collateral to the issues of the case and highly prejudicial to the appellants' case. Dr. Amil died before the trial. Dr. King was joined as Dr. Amil's executrix as well as her partner. Dr. Amil was not present at the trial to defend herself. Certain evidence the Bornmanns presented at the trial may be interpreted as bringing Dr. Amil's general abilities and reputation in issue. The testimony to which they object was not likely to prejudice the case in the eyes of the jury. The trial judge did not abuse his discretion in allowing the testimony. Any error was harmless. F.R.Civ.P. 61.
Rule 18, 5 Cir.; see Isbell Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizens Casualty Company of New York et al., 5 Cir. 1970, 431 F.2d 409, Part I
SPECIAL ISSUE NO. I:
Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that on the occasion in question Great Southwest General Hospital, Incorporated, was guilty of negligence, as that term has been defined herein, in attending to and caring for Nancy Bornmann while she was a patient in the hospital?
Answer "YES" or "NO".
Answer: Yes
If you have answered the foregoing Special Issue "YES", and only in that event, you will answer the following Special Issue; otherwise, you need not answer.
SPECIAL ISSUE NO. 2:
Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that the negligence, if any, on the part of Great Southwest General Hospital, Incorporated, in the respects inquired about in the foregoing Special Issue was a proximate cause of the death of Nancy Bornmann?
Answer "YES" or "NO."
The trial judge defined "Negligence" as follows:
"NEGLIGENCE", as applied to the Great Southwest General Hospital, Incorporated, means a failure, if any, on the part of the authorized agents and employees of such hospital to use that degree of care and skill ordinarily used by a hospital of the same general type in the same or a similar community in which such hospital is located at the time in question under the same or similar circumstances.
The trial judge defined "Proximate cause" as follows:
"PROXIMATE CAUSE", as applied to the Great Southwest General Hospital, Incorporated, means that cause which in a natural and continuous sequence unbroken by any new and independent cause produces an event and without which cause such an event would not have occurred and in order to be the proximate cause the act or omission complained of must be such as the authorized agents or employees of a hospital of the same general type in the same or a similar community at the time in question using ordinary care would have foreseen that the event or some similar event might reasonably result therefrom. There may be more than one proximate cause of an event.
The trial judge defined "New and Independent Cause" as follows:
"NEW AND INDEPENDENT CAUSE" means the act or omission of a separate or independent agency, not reasonably foreseeable, which destroys the causal connection, if any, between the act or omission inquired about and the occurrence in question and thereby becomes the immediate cause of such an occurrence.
Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that on the occasion in question NANCY C. BORNMANN was guilty of negligence in any one or more of the following respects: in failing to obey the order of her physician not to take any barbiturates, if there was such an order; or in taking an overdose of barbiturates; or in failing to warn defendant hospital, its agents or employees that she had taken barbiturates; or that she had barbiturates in her possession at the time of admission to the hospital; or in failing to request an antidote or special treatment for an overdose of barbiturates, or in failure to self-induce vomiting after taking an overdose of barbiturates?
Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that such negligence, if any, on the part of Nancy Bornmann in any one or more of the respects inquired about in the foregoing Special Issue was a proximate cause of the death of Nancy C. Bornmann?
As applicable to Nancy Bornmann, the trial judge defined "negligence" and "proximate cause" as follows:
"NEGLIGENCE", as applied to Nancy C. Bornmann, means a failure to do that which a reasonably prudent person of the same or similar training and experience would have done under the same or similar circumstances or doing that which a reasonably prudent person with the same or similar training and experience would not have done under the same or similar circumstances.
"PROXIMATE CAUSE", as applied to Nancy C. Bornmann, means that cause which in a natural and continuous sequence produces an event and without which cause such event would not have occurred and in order to be a proximate cause the act or omission complained of must be such that a person of the same or similar training and experience would have foreseen that the event or some similar event might reasonably result therefrom. There may be more than one proximate cause of an event.
Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that Nancy C. Bornmann actually appreciated the extent of danger presented by taking an overdose of barbiturates?
Answer "SHE DID ACTUALLY APPRECIATE THE DANGER" or "SHE DID NOT ACTUALLY APPRECIATE THE DANGER".
Answer: She did actually appreciate the danger.
If you have answered the foregoing Special Issue "SHE DID ACTUALLY APPRECIATE THE DANGER" then, and only in that event, answer the following Special Issue:
SPECIAL ISSUE NO. 10:
Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that Nancy C. Bornmann voluntarily exposed herself to such appreciated danger, if any, as a result of intelligent choice?
The trial judge stated:
You are instructed that a hospital is responsible for the negligent act or negligent omission of its agents and employees. If you find from the evidence that the proximate cause of the injury to the plaintiffs was the negligence of the agents and employees of the defendant hospital, as negligence is defined in these instructions, such acts or omissions are, in law, acts or omissions of the hospital and the hospital is charged with the legal consequences thereof.
You are instructed that a hospital which undertakes to care for a paying patient, and to supervise and look after him, is under a duty to use that degree of care and skill ordinarily used by a hospital of the same general type in the same or a similar community in which such hospital is located at the time in question under the same or similar circumstances, in caring for and attending the patient as the patient's condition, as it is known to be, may require. You are instructed that this duty extends to safeguarding and protecting the patient from any known or reasonably apparent danger from himself, which may arise from his known mental or physical incapacity, and the hospital is further charged with the duty of using such care to prevent any injury resulting from such known mental or physical incapacity, if any there is.
We have difficulty with the appellants' argument as to the inapplicability of the doctrine of contributory negligence even if we were to concede its relevance to the instant appeal. Most of the cases cited by appellants as excluding the defense involved patients with known suicidal tendencies, hospitals which had specifically undertaken to prevent self-inflicted injury, or situations where the litigants had not questioned the inapplicability of the defense. The cases may be read as excluding the defense of contributory negligence, if at all, only when the defendant is on notice of the suicidal danger or has specifically undertaken a duty to prevent suicide. The jury could reasonably have concluded that the case at bar was not such a situation. See Anno., 11 A.L.R.2d 751 and cases cited therein; see also (cited by appellant). Edwards v. Grace Hospital Soc. (1944) 130 Conn. 568, 36 A.2d 273; Stansfield v. Gardner (1937) 56 Ga.App. 634, 193 S.E. 375; Breeze v. St. Louis & S. F. R. Co. (1915) 264 Mo. 258, 174 S.W. 409; Davis v. Springfield Hospital (1917) Mo.App. 196 S.W. 104; Pangle v. Appalachian Hall (1925) 190 N.C. 833, 131 S.E. 42; Meehan v. United States (D.C.N.Y.) 180 F.Supp. 171 (1959); Frederic v. United States (D.C.E.D.La.) 246 F.Supp. 368 (1965); Hirsh v. State, 8 N.Y.2d 125, 202 N.Y.S.2d 296, 168 N.E.2d 372. Wood v. Samaritan Institution, 26 Cal.2d 847, 161 P.2d 556 (1945); Richardson v. Dumas, 106 Miss. 664, 64 So. 459 (1914); Smith v. Simpson, 221 Mo.App. 550, 288 S.W. 69 (1926); Maki v. Murray Hospital, 91 Mont. 251, 7 P.2d 228 (1932) and (cited by appellee) DeMartini v. Alexander Sanitarium, 192 Cal.App.2d 442, 13 Cal.Rptr. 564 (1961); Vistica v. Presbyterian Hospital & Medical Center, 67 Cal.2d 465, 62 Cal.Rptr. 577, 432 P.2d 193 (1967), and Hunt v. King County, 4 Wash.App. 14, 481 P.2d 593
They clearly did not find foreseeability (B) and no "new and independent cause" (not A), or they would have given an affirmative answer to Special Issue 2. A finding of lack of foreseeability (not B) and no "new and independent cause" (not A) or lack of foreseeability (not B) and a "new and independent cause" (A) would not give appellants grounds to complain as the finding, in either option, of lack of foreseeability (not B) would prevent recovery without reference to the "new and independent cause" issue
A finding of lack of foreseeability (not B) and a "new and independent cause" (A) involves no contradiction. It amounts to a finding that suicide was not foreseeable (not B) and that suicide was not foreseeable and, therefore, could serve as a "new and independent cause". A finding of lack of foreseeability (not B) and no "new and independent cause (not A), on the other hand, does involve a contradiction. It amounts to a finding that suicide was not foreseeable (not B) and that it was foreseeable and, therefore, could not serve as a "new and independent cause". This contradiction, however, would not give appellants grounds for complaint. The finding of lack of foreseeability (not B) would, in itself, preclude liability on the proximate cause issue, independent of the finding on the "new and independent cause" component of proximate cause
The appellants suggested the addition of the following language:
This agency must not be set in motion by the party who initiated the original act and such agency and its consequences must be such that they could not have been reasonably foreseen (Appx. 390).
The doctrine has been used primarily in cases involving injuries caused by defective premises, but we cannot conclude, from a study of the cases, that the Texas courts would refuse to apply the doctrine to the instant fact pattern. The most recent treatment of the defense of "volenti non fit injuria" by a Texas court is Rabb v. Coleman, 469 S.W.2d 384 (Tex.S.Ct.1971). Although the Court qualified its general statement (see 469 S.W.2d at 387 fn. 1), the Court said:
Volenti is an affirmative defense to any negligence action in which the defendant is responsible for a dangerous condition (static or non-static) or activity of which the plaintiff knows, appreciates the danger and voluntarily exposes himself thereto. (emphasis supplied)


Finance has always been a complicated domain, but given the real-time nature of today's online world of money management, a pro in the industry must be able to be on top of a myriad of considerations (risk assessment; regulatory and compliance laws) streaming in from a variety of sources. In other words, top financial service players need to be adept at fast vertical thinking in response to often startling banks of raw data.
Of course, the kind of multi-variable thinking that is the sine qua non of user experience design can serve as an expected gateway to financial services, but in addition to the complexity of data-assessment, user experience emigres should already have had significant experience in areas where volume of real-time data and its attendant software come into play. Accordingly, user experience designers who have spent time in such industries as pharmaceuticals, gaming, and telecommunications — fields dependent on tracking rivers of highly transactional processes — tend to make the most effective transitions.
In many ways, user experience and financial services could not be more different in their respective compositions: banks are macro entities that are governed by the fiscal visions of stakeholders, not the accelerated soft skills associated with the design-driven world of UX, and rarely have a leg up on leading trends in digital technology. Nevertheless, some of the key skills among the UX sector can effectively be alchemized into a successful formula within financial services. In particular, it is the personal flexibility of UXers, whether in regards to challenging projects or demanding clients, that cuts the most ice among the financial services crowd. When user experience practitioners are tapped into the financial services world, it's under the auspices of a consultancy. However, because in these situations hirers see user experience staff promising the greatest overall dividends as vision-keepers within a steady team, the part-time, remote connotations of "consultant" are not the case here.
Investment bankers themselves make a clear distinction between their line of work and the boundaries of traditional consumer-end retail banking. To a large degree, this is because bankers in the investment sector must respond to avalanches of transactional data that must be assessed not just in real time, but in microscopic fractions of it. Accordingly, stakeholders will assume designers to come to the table with an all but intuitive relationship with contemporary markets and trading trends.
All in all, you can still break into the world of financial services from a user experience design angle even in you lack certain core competencies so long as the remaining tools in your belt make up for it. Financial services recruiters will expect that you're on top of your game within the user experience domain, and are well-known within that sector. You should feel at home in a consulting environment, with all of the hardballing and relationship-building that goes with it. UXers should know how to navigate byzantine, industry-specific platforms and the challenges intrinsic to these industries as regards to banking. When these elements come into play, user experience designers will find a solid footing in their adopted second domain.
Dave Landry Jr. is a personal finance consultant and small business owner who enjoys blogging and infographic design. He is honored to be among the great contributors of Usability Geek and encourages you to reach out to him on Google+!


How are interest spreads determined?
New research finds that emerging market countries can save millions of dollars in interest payments a year by adopting a statistical standard developed by the IMF. Research by John Cady of the IMF's Statistics Department shows that spreads in seven emerging market countries declined by some 75 basis points—a reduction of about 20 percent—following their subscription to the Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS). For countries with large external debt, this "discount" is particularly good news. Camilla Andersen of the IMF Survey spoke with Cady about the significance of his findings.
The IMF established the SDDS in 1996 to help its member countries provide timely and reliable economic and financial data to the public and markets (see box below). The request to establish a statistical standard came from the Group of Seven (G7) countries, which were reacting to the debt crisis in Mexico, Cady said. "The idea was that more transparency in the area of economic and financial statistics could help avert similar crises in the future." Because of the crisis in Mexico, the initiative was originally aimed at emerging market countries wanting to tap international capital markets. So far, 57 countries have subscribed to the standard. A significant number are emerging market countries, but the list also includes many industrial countries.
For the more statistically advanced countries, markets generally conduct their own economic analysis. But forecasting how specific policies will affect a country's economic outlook becomes more difficult when reliable and timely statistics are in short supply. These problems are often compounded by a challenging economic environment. For example, inflation makes projection very difficult, which, in turn, affects investment plans and other economic decisions. "The more transparent a country is in terms of the current situation and its economic policies, the more concrete the private sector can be about its investment decisions.
Subscription to the SDDS is free but could entail costs in terms of upgrading statistical systems to meet the requirements of the standard.
Once a country has decided to subscribe, it commits to providing data according to a specified format and its own release calendar. It must also provide a comprehensive description of how data are collected and disseminated (this information is known as metadata). All this information is then posted on the IMF's website (www.dsbb.imf.org/ Applications/web/sddshome).
The SDDS applies to 18 categories of economic and financial statistics and covers four sectors of the economy.
The real sector covers national income accounts, industrial production, the labor market, and consumer and producer prices.
The fiscal sector covers the public sector and the operations of the central government, as well as central government debt.
The financial sector covers interest rates and the stock market, as well as analytical accounts of the central bank and the banking sector.
The external sector looks at the balance of payments, international reserves and foreign currency liquidity, merchandise trade (imports and exports), the international investment position, exchange rates, and external debt.
The IMF does not check the accuracy or quality of data provided by SDDS subscribers, but it does ensure that countries release information according to the standard and their own preannounced release schedule.
The SDDS discount is best explained through a hypothetical example.
Let's say that a country plans to issue bonds worth $1 billion and that the interest rate on U.S. 10-year treasury bonds (often used as a benchmark for emerging market debt) is approximately 400 basis points, or 4 percent.
If the country has a spread over the U.S. interest rate of 300 basis points, its borrowing costs will amount to 700 basis points, or 7 percent a year.
But if the country is benefiting from the SDDS discount, the interest rate would be only 625 basis points, or 6.25 percent.
Rather than paying interest equivalent to $700 million over the full 10 years of the $1 billion bond issue, the country would be paying only $625 million.
The total savings that can be attributed to SDDS subscription would amount to $75 million—or $7.5 million on an annual basis.
We know that investment is generally an engine of growth, so data transparency, in my view, can have a beneficial impact on the growth potential of a country," Cady said.
Cady investigated the effect of SDDS subscription on foreign currency borrowing costs of new bond issues for seven emerging market countries—Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, the Philippines, South Africa, and Turkey. A number of factors influence interest rates and, by extension, interest rate spreads. These include the pace of growth, the rate of inflation, and the government deficit and debt. Country-specific shocks may also influence interest rates. For example, if a particular country is experiencing a crisis, foreign investors can either refuse to buy its debt or demand a higher risk premium. In his study, Cady sought to account for the effects of macroeconomic variables and specific bond characteristics before measuring the effect of the SDDS. He found that the seven countries experienced an average reduction of 75 basis points in their interest rate spreads following their subscription to the standard. From late 1996 to 2002—the time period of the study—this reduction amounted to a discount of approximately 20 percent over the average spread (see box below).
According to Cady, the gains accrue to the country immediately upon subscribing to the SDDS, but apply only to new debt. For the gains to apply to all debt, countries must undertake a debt rollover—that is to say, they must replace old debt with new bonds. Interestingly, "other researchers who have studied the secondary market found that the discount applies immediately to secondary market transactions," Cady said.
Copies of IMF Working Paper No. 04/58, "Does SDDS Subscription Reduce Borrowing Costs for Emerging Market Economies," by John Cady, are available for $15.00 each from IMF Publications Services. Please see page 168 for ordering information. The full text of the paper is also available on the IMF's website (www.imf.org).


text:
Statue Display Honors Youth Felled By Gun Violence
Filed Under:Annette Nance-Holt, Blair Holt, Lisa Fielding, Mai Martinez, Mary Kay Mace, Pam Bosley, Ryanne Mace
CHICAGO (CBS) — A haunting tribute to young lives lost to gun violence was on display on the Gold Coast.
Mary Kay Mace got the first look at a piece of art that represents her daughter Ryanne, who was one of five Northern Illinois University students shot and killed inside a lecture hall in February 2008.
READ MORE: Man Carjacks, Crashes Jeep With Two Young Girls Inside In West Rogers Park
"This is the first time I've seen it. It's a little jarring. They look like real people when you walk up from behind. When you turn around and get to the front side of them and you don't see a face, it's a bit jarring," she said.
The statue of Ryanne Mace was one of eight erected on display outside St. James Cathedral in Chicago. Each represents a life lost to gun violence.
"It's extremely powerful and moving traveling art display that honors the lives of people lost to gun violence," said Colleen Daley, Executive Director of the Illinois Council Against Handgun Violence. "This is for every victim and because it's so jarring and powerful, we hope people go online, sign the petition and get involved and take some sort of action."
WBBM 780's Lisa Fielding
The "Unforgotten" exhibit includes a website providing ways to get involved, like signing a petition, joining a rally and volunteering, and a video documentary.
READ MORE: Advocacy Group Works To Get The Homeless Into Shelters With Chicago Temperatures Plummeting
"It's real emotional. All these kids are under 20. I felt like I was driving to a child's funeral. I look around and it's good that they got together to do this. I think it's great because it makes people stop. It's really shock value. We need a shock value. We need to wake up and stop this," said Annette Nance Holt, who lost her son Blair nearly 8 years ago.
"These are Blair's clothes. These are all his original clothes. This is heartbreaking, for one because its a reminder," she said, choking back tears. "I think to have your child remembered almost 8 years since he was murder and to have him still out here. People still remember my son, we are so humbled by that because he was so special to us."
Unforgotten StatuesAnnette Nance Holt looks at a statue of their son, Blair Holt, as part of the "Unforgotten" art tribute to young victims of gun violence. (Credit: Lisa Fielding/WBBM)
Unforgotten StatuesPam Bosley gets her first look at her son Terrell Bosley's statue (Credit: Lisa Fielding/WBBM)
Unforgotten StatuesMary Kay Mace looks at her daughter Ryanne's statue. (Credit: Lisa Fielding/WBBM)
Unforgotten StatuesStatue of Ryanne Mace
Unforgotten StatuesStatue of Terrell Bosley
Unforgotten StatuesUnforgotten Statues
Unforgotten StatuesStatue of Hadiya Pendleton
Pam Bosley's son Terrell was killed in 2006. He was shot and killed as he was unloading musical equipment at a church.
"I tried to prepare myself for this but when I walked up and saw Terrell with his bass. He played the bass guitar and he always had it with him, just to see him with the base on his back, it was hard," said Bosley.
Each statue has a nametag, and is attached to an app called Unforgotten. If you scan the nametag, you can see pictures and videos of the person's life. It's available for Android phones and soon be available through iPhone.
MORE NEWS: Bridgeport Art Center To Host Exhibit Celebrating 50th Anniversary Of the National Women's Caucus For Art
The art display is currently outside St. James Cathedral, 65 E. Huron in Chicago and will be traveling to various places throughout the Chicago area.


Buying your first home is an exciting time but can also be an intimidating or anxious experience. At American Mortgage, we specialize in assisting first-time homebuyers and will be with you every step of the way.
The Indiana Housing & Community Development Authority (IHCDA) is proud to have made the process of buying a home a reality for thousands of families, offering programs that assist with making down payments, getting low interest rate loans and even special programs for families that live in rural areas. IHCDA programs may be used with FHA, USDA, or VA financing.
Household income limits and price limits apply. American Mortgage is proud to be a participating lender with IHCDA.
The Kentucky Housing Corporation (KHC) provides purchase financing funds for qualified buyers in Kentucky for those who have not owned their own home in the most recent three years and/or who buy in defined, Target Areas.
KHC's program provides opportunities for down payment assistance and/or below-market interest rates and may be used with FHA, USDA, VA or conventional loans. KHC's Mortgage Credit Certificate program (MCC) may also be available for eligible borrowers.
Household income limits and price limits apply. American Mortgage was KHC's first delegated lender and has been the top lender with KHC for years.
The Ohio Housing Finance Agency (OHFA) provides purchase financing funds for qualified buyers in Ohio who have not owned their own home in the most recent three years or who buy in defined, Target Areas, or eligible veterans.
OHFA's program provides opportunities for down payment assistance and/or below-market interest rates and may be used with FHA, USDA, VA or conventional loans. OHFA's Mortgage Credit Certificate program (MCC) may also be available in lieu of down payment assistance or financing for the same eligible borrowers.
Household income limits and price limits apply. American Mortgage has been a leading participating lender with OHFA for decades.
The Tennessee Housing Development Authority (THDA) provides purchase financing funds for qualified buyers in Tennessee who have not owned their own home in the most recent three years or who buy in defined, Target Areas.
THDA's program provides opportunities for down payment assistance and/or below-market interest rates and may be used with FHA, USDA, VA or conventional loans.
Household income limits and price limits apply. American Mortgage is proud to be a leading participating lender with THDA.


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TagsDaughter
Tag: daughter
Fiona Bombardier, whose famous mom is Josee Chouinard, carving her own career
Canadian Press - January 13, 2023 @ 11:47 pm 0
Jays coach Budzinski leaves team following daughter's death
Canadian Press - July 3, 2022 @ 1:22 pm 0
Local woman steps up to host Ukrainian family
Dan Gray - April 7, 2022 @ 4:18 pm 1
Mother convicted of smothering disabled daughter wins new first-degree murder trial
Canadian Press - May 28, 2021 @ 3:59 pm 0
Ontario mom charged with first-degree murder in death of infant daughter
Canadian Press - October 2, 2019 @ 9:03 pm 9
Ontario father-daughter duo embark on cross-continental row across Atlantic
Canadian Press - January 3, 2019 @ 3:23 pm 0
Stafford says daughter's killer transferred to medium-security prison
Canadian Press - December 10, 2018 @ 3:14 pm 0


My friends who enjoyed to eat the chocolate donuts!
There are some food trucks and merchandise stall sold in the compound... And a big stage also be there. We checked in the games booths too. We cannot find where to buy the coupons for the food, so we pay cash when we bought the donuts only.
We enjoyed to hang out in the guests booth and get free drinks only. We spotted many zombies walked around this event at night! They are horrible zombies!
The "infected" zombie people are very horror!
Woan Koon are happy to win one prize after her final ball success to went into a box!
We become naughty when we be devil!
We checked on the map so we won't be lost...Where are the Start Line..?
Be beware with the Most of the wanted Zombies...? If we found one of them, we will get reward?
- Happy New Year by Selina Wing"
Run For Your Lives 2016 wants to make the runners encounter their excitement and scary of experience in the mix of feeling....At same time, participants become zombie who experience how to infect other runners. I am sure that it is super fun for the zombies who enjoyed to see who will be scream when the runners encountered them!
We had a very fun excitement memories event to celebrate the countdown of a new year 2017!
Now we welcome new year's day - 1 Jan 2017. A fresh start.
A new chapter in life waiting to be written!
put smiles on the faces of everyone you come across!


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American Idol topic page
10:23 am on Tuesday June 24, 2014
Reminder: 'American Idol' audition bus to park on former Pavilion site next month
The "American Idol" audition bus is pulling into the former Myrtle Beach Pavilion site next month for the area's aspiring singers. Myrtle Beach is one of 11 places on the show's bus tour.
8:49 am on Thursday May 8, 2014
"American Idol" Holding Bus Tour Auditions in Myrtle Beach
The popular FOX reality show "American Idol" will bring its bus tour auditions to the Myrtle Beach area on July 17, 2014. Hopefuls can get their chance to sing for producers starting at 9 a.m. and running until 6 p.m.. The location will be...
8:25 am on Wednesday February 19, 2014
Former CCU and American Idol alum belts out dynamic debut
"In This Life" By Elise Testone Not to discredit or belittle Testone's experience on "American Idol," but it would seem she's a stronger artist for her defiance to the "Idol" system than for her adherence to it. This Coastal Carolina University alum...
4:54 am on Thursday July 25, 2013
'American Idol' winner Candice Glover to perform
"American Idol" winner Candice Glover will return to Beaufort on September 14, and she'll be performing in a local concert.
4:11 am on Friday May 17, 2013
In video: Candice Glover is the next 'American Idol'
The third time was the charm. Candice Glover did not go home disappointed from the "American Idol" final results show on Thursday, overcoming contestant Kree Harrison. "I can't even … oh my God, it's been three years," said Glover. "It's been three...
7:58 am on Thursday May 16, 2013
In video recap: Candice Glover gives a strong performance in 'American Idol' final
For the final night of "American Idol" performances, the judges gave much praise to Candice Glover in her bid to take the title over contestant Kree Harrison. The Island Packet offer's a recap of the commentary; read it here. Despite the judges'...
2:44 am on Tuesday May 14, 2013
'American Idol' finals: Beaufort will host two viewing parties for Candice Glover
Beaufort's Candice Glover will compete for her final two nights on American Idol this week as she nears the winning spot, and the City of Beaufort is organizing free viewing events for both Wednesday and Thursday night.
11:23 pm on Saturday May 11, 2013
Beaufort will host 'Americ Idol' viewings as local competes in finals
Beaufort's Candice Glover will compete for her final two nights on American Idol this week as she nears the winning spot, and the City of Beaufort is organizing viewing events.
Lowcountry's Glover advances to 'American Idol' final 2
On Thursday night St. Helena Island's Candice Glover made it into the Top 2 of American Idol. Next week she could be the winner. (Check out the video recap up top.) For more coverage, I'll point you to The Island Packet's report. Glover will compete...
1:31 am on Sunday May 5, 2013
The best in coverage: Candice Glover's concert and parade
St. Helena Island native Candice Glover's ascension in the top 3 on American Idol on Thursday and return to Beaufort for a parade and concert on Saturday has been an intense 48 hours for the community, and it's generated much in coverage by media...


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Northern California blaze claims 37 homes, rages uncontrolled
Monday, September 27th 1999, 12:00 am
HAPPY VALLEY, Calif. (AP) -- Wind-whipped flames burned across
2,000 acres, gutting 37 homes and forcing the evacuation of up to
700 people from a rural area of northern California.
Dozens of evacuees from Happy Valley, nine miles south of
Redding, spent the night in a cafeteria at nearby Anderson Union
High School as an estimated 380 firefighters fought the blaze in
Shasta County about 21/2 hours north of Sacramento.
Tom Sumner, his wife, Linda, and daughter, Stephanie, 19, left
their home and two of their cats behind.
"There was fire all the way around (our home)," Sumner said.
"I've been asking the sheriff what's going on. ... I was just told
that I can't go home."
The fire started Sunday morning as three separate blazes that
merged in brush and scrub timber north of town, officials said. The
cause was unknown.
Wind blew flames toward the edge of town and made the situation
"highly volatile," said California Department of Forestry
spokeswoman Sharon Wages.
By 3 a.m. today, officials estimated the blaze was 65 percent
surrounded by fire lines, but strong wind during the night
threatened to spread it again. Forecasters expected the wind to
abate later in the day.
Two firefighters suffered minor injuries. One was treated for
smoke inhalation and the other was hospitalized for fatigue and
In addition to homes, the fire destroyed 40 other structures
including sheds and outbuildings, plus 15 vehicles.
Just north of Redding, high wind expected Sunday didn't
materialize as firefighters continued to battle a series of
lightning-triggered wildfires in California's Trinity Alps
Wilderness that have burned more than 60,000 acres.
On the central California coast, another group of fires had
burned 42,454 acres in the Ventana Wilderness of Los Padres
National Forest. Two of the blazes are estimated to be weeks away
from containment, CDF spokesman Tony Akin said.
The Big Sur-area fires alone have cost more than $27 million to
fight since they were started by lightning Sept. 8.
News On 6 HAPPY VALLEY, Calif. (AP) -- Wind-whipped flames burned across
Dozens


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Shave and a Haircut
Belty's Barbershop and Pool Hall, Piru
Barbershops began far back in antiquity. They became especially popular in the United States in the 19th century. They were not just a place for men to go for a shave and a haircut, they were a place for socializing, debating current issues and entertainment.
The first barber we can find a record of in Fillmore was C. P. Allen who was listed in the 1898 county directory. No address was given – Fillmore was small enough that addresses weren't required. Undoubtedly there were barbers in Fillmore before 1898, the well-groomed men of the community would require one.
Piru's first barber may have been R. O. Belty who claimed in 1930 that his was then the oldest business in Piru. His was not only a barbershop but also a pool hall. By 1930 he had two barbershops, three pool tables and sold various dry goods. If you go by a picture of his establishment, he also sold tires.
Piru News in March of 1927 reported that Green's Barber Shop had installed a player piano with "very pleasing tone." Thomas H. Green owned the Ideal Billard Parlor and Barber Shop on Center Street. For Christmas that year, he raffled off three turkeys. Whenever a customer spent 25₵ at his establishment, the customer would receive a ticket for the drawing. The turkeys were won by Joe Elson of Camulos Ranch, Chet Horton and Officer M. M. Willis.
William McKinley outside Palmer's Barbershop
Over the years Fillmore has seen many barbering establishments. One of the longest tenured was George Palmer. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1891 and made his way to Fillmore by 1913. He had a shop on Central Avenue which was formerly Pete's Sanitary Barbershop, next door to Jim's Pool Hall. Because girls were not allowed in the Pool Hall, they often went into George Palmer's barber shop where a "Dutch" door opened into the Pool Hall. From that opening they could order cokes or sodas without setting foot in the "forbidden" zone. (See "No Girls Allowed" https://www.fillmorehistoricalmuseum.org/no-girls-allowed).
Palmer's Barber Shop would be open in the morning well before other businesses as would other barbershops in Fillmore. The businessmen and city fathers of the town would need to have a shave and trim before opening their own businesses.
George was active in Fillmore life. In 1938 he was appointed assistant fire chief and in 1940 was elevated to city fire chief – a position he held until 1964. He was a member of the Fillmore Club and the local Masonic Temple. George Palmer retired in 1968 and passed away in 1970. His son, Richard "Tulie" Palmer was athletic director at Fillmore High School for many years.
George Palmer had competition in town. William Servoss, who was born in New York, had a shop at 368 Central Avenue in Fillmore for 37 years from 1916 until the 1950s. Oliver Hamblin had his shop at 246 Central Avenue in 1928 and plied his trade for thirty years.
William McKinley was a barber in our area for many years. He worked in George Palmer's shop in 1933, but by 1939 opened his own shop in the Owen Miller Building on Central Avenue.
Oliver Hamblin's Barbershop
Other shops over the years include Pearson's Barbershop which was adjacent to the theater in the 1920s and Olin Core's Barbershop in the 1940s and 50s.
Pete's Sanitary Barbershop
"Shave and a haircut, 2 bits" is a phrase from the turn of the 20th Century – now a shave and haircut costs closer to $50 than 25₵. But if a gentleman wants he can still get a lather shave with a straight razor and you can still see a red, white and blue barber pole on Central Avenue.


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Herøy – norweskie miasto i gmina leżąca w regionie Nordland.

Herøy jest 415. norweską gminą pod względem powierzchni.

Demografia
Według danych z roku 2005 gminę zamieszkuje 1739 osób. Gęstość zaludnienia wynosi 28,07 os./km². Pod względem zaludnienia Herøy zajmuje 353. miejsce wśród norweskich gmin.

Edukacja
Według danych z 1 października 2004:
 liczba szkół podstawowych (): 4
 liczba uczniów szkół podst.: 251

Władze gminy
Według danych na rok 2011 administratorem gminy () jest Roy Skogsholm, natomiast burmistrzem (, d. ) jest Arnt Frode Jensen.

Zobacz też
 gminy Norwegii
 podział administracyjny Norwegii

Bibliografia
 dane liczbowe: Statistisk sentralbyrå
 dane adresowe i dotyczące władz: Kommunenøkkelen

Gminy w okręgu Nordland
Miasta w regionie Nordland


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EVENT RECAP: An Evening of Conversation at Pushing the Press
Walking to evening events at the A+D Museum is an experience in it's own right. If you're lucky enough to find parking east of the museum on 4th Street, or just in front on Colyton Street, the experience is one of amazing street murals covering every available inch of the buildings. If you park to the west, it's a dark walk on a troubled sidewalk to the entrance. What I enjoy about this walk is the surprise one finds when turning the corner to the museum. Is the party happening out front? Is the crowd in a spirited mood? Do people feel welcome?
Attending Pushing The Press: A Conversation with Sean Adams, Kim Baer, and David Mayes this past week, I was not disappointed by this experience. The patio in front of the museum was filled with a great spread of food and drinks, cozy couches for lounging, and multiple small gatherings of conversations, all willing to accept new participants. Inside, I found more conversation, more old (and new) friends, and a number of visitors taking in the amazing print work that fills the walls of this exhibition.
From the depth of conversations occurring before the program started to the relaxed professionalism of the program itself, it felt as though all of the nearly 100 attendees were included in the conversation. And the conversation itself felt like a celebration of the great history that is the Los Angeles design community. Kim Baer crafted a great evening, making room for the speakers to celebrate their passions. One could not help but connect with the passion and excitement shared when David Mayes spoke about the pieces in the show. The respect he has for the design community was obvious when he told behind-the-scenes stories into the making of these projects.
Sean Adams, after apologizing in advance for shrinking the history of Los Angeles design into a 20 minute presentation, packed so much insight into his talk, I can't wait to see an entire series dedicated to this topic. From historic invitations to pre-AIGA design conversations, to the vibrancy of a Deborah Sussman designed environment, from Saul Bass posters to April Greiman pushing the field with computer technology to Matt Manos sketching out how to give your work away, it was a great, and brief, reminder of what Los Angeles has brought to the table. This was a great introduction to the work Louise Sandhaus has undertaken, digging deep into Los Angeles design history and placing value on the work, the stories, and the people who have impacted the creative culture of this city.
After Q&A's ended, the evening continued with more conversations had, more new connections made, and more mingling about the exhibition. The A+D Museum, if you haven't visited their new downtown location, is a comfortable environment of exposed architecture, concrete floors, and bare brick walls. The space in neither pretentious nor manufactured, making it a great location for conversations of this manner. Pushing the Press was the first major event for AIGA LA in 2016. If this is any indication of what's to come this year, it's going to be a great year of new connections, new insights, and new celebrations for Los Angeles design.
The exhibition Pushing the Press runs through February 29, 2016 at the A+D Museum.
By Patrick Fredrickson
AIGA encourages thoughtful, responsible discourse. Please add comments judiciously, and refrain from maligning any individual, institution or body of work. Read our policy on commenting.


I've been watching the new BBC documentary, "Our Planet" on Netflix narrated by Sir David Attenborough. I'm truly a sucker for natural history documentaries but my love for the genre comes at a price. In return for absolutely gorgeous cinematography I have to put up with Attenborough's lies about climate change.
The latest episode typifies the sleaze of the woke documentarian. In this episode, we see grisly pictures of Walruses who apparently fell en mass from a high cliff onto the beach rocks below and died. Attenborough attributes this tragedy to man-made climate change. Evidently the reduction in the ice-pack causes the Walruses to "haul-out", climb to the top of cliffs and hurl themselves to their death.
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