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Was the breakup of Hollywood power couple Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie triggered by an "out-of-control" incident at a Minnesota airport?
Pitt was reported to the L.A. County Department of Children and Family Services for drunken and abusive behavior toward one of their children on a flight from France on Sept. 14, according to TMZ.
The next day, Sept. 15, Jolie filed for divorce. This week, her attorney said the dissolution of the marriage was "for the health of the family."
Because part of the alleged incident occurred in the air, it has been referred to the FBI.
Spokeswoman Laura Eimiller said the FBI is evaluating whether to open an investigation into allegations Pitt was abusive during the flight toward one of his six children
TMZ, which also was first to report on the couple's divorce filing, says that the flight landed at a Minnesota airport and that the incident continued after the airplane was on the ground.
Andreas Rentz, ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP
Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt attend the Cinema for Peace Gala ceremony at the Berlin International Film Festival in Berlin in 2012.
The plane's landing at the international airport in International Falls was confirmed Thursday by the Koochiching County Sheriff's Office.
Sheriff Perryn Hedlund said his office has "been fielding calls ... all day" about Pitt, who "did land at our airport. There were no reported incidents to law enforcement."
Jolie and Pitt are raising six kids: Maddox, 15, Pax, 12, Zahara, 11, Shiloh, 10, and twins Knox and Vivienne, 8.
Amara Suarez, a spokeswoman for the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services, said the agency could not confirm whether it was investigating Pitt or the well-being of the former couple's children.
A representative for Pitt declined comment Thursday.
The abuse report was made anonymously, and Pitt has been interviewed by the Los Angeles DCFS, but the Los Angeles Police Department does not have an investigation open in the case, according to TheWrap.
Both People and TMZ report that Pitt and Jolie were traveling on the private plane last week with their children, and that at some point in the flight, Pitt became abusive toward one of the children. The incident allegedly continued on the tarmac once the plane landed.
TMZ says, according to an anonymous witness, that Pitt was "out of control" and even tried to leave the scene on a fuel truck.
Kyle Loven, FBI spokesman in the Twin Cities, said the FBI is "aware of media reports" about the case, but that there is "no complaint alleging criminal acts" reported to the FBI in Minneapolis. "If the FBI receives information pertaining to potential federal criminal acts," we will review it, he said.
In the divorce filing, Jolie is asking for physical custody of the couple's six children and will ask that Pitt receive visitation rights.
Although they were together for 12 years, Pitt and Jolie — often referred to as "Brangelina" — wed only about two years ago, in August 2014. They married privately at their French chateau in the Provence hamlet of Correns with their children serving as ring bearers.
The pair was last seen publicly together in July, when they were spotted taking their twins to breakfast in Los Angeles.
Colleen Kelly guides the Star Tribune's digital content and strategic planning. She focuses on audience engagement efforts such as Curious Minnesota, enterprise project planning and social media.
ckelly@startribune.com 612-673-7400 onecolleen
Paul Walsh is a general assignment reporter at the Star Tribune. He wants your news tips, especially in and near Minnesota.
pwalsh@startribune.com 612-673-4482 walshpj
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The Libertarian Party of North Carolina urges voters to vote no on $2 billion Connect NC March 15.
"If an item is important enough then the state should budget for it, holding our elected officials accountable for the spending ...," the resolution said.
The resolution also notes the bond will increase state government spending by an additional 10 percent of the entire state budget, but without the accountability that comes along with approving spending through a budget adoption process.
Resolved, that the Libertarian Party of North Carolina stands with NC Against the Bond in opposition to the $2 billion bond. We urge all Libertarians, and all North Carolina voters to vote against the bond on March 15.
change terminology…the interest rate is low as I took "heavy interest" to refer to interest rate.


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Google Engineer: Watch Out for Inferior USB-C Cables
Fed up with early cables from third-party vendors, Benson Leung is reviewing USB-C connectors on Amazon.
By Stephanie Mlot
November 5, 2015 12:05PM EST
A Google engineer is reviewing third-party USB Type-C cables on Amazon so you don't have to.
The USB Vigilante—aka Benson Leung—worked on two Chromebook Pixel laptops using the latest cables and their related technologies. "It really is an amazing little connector," he wrote in a Google+ post.
But Leung discovered a universal truth about the new technology: "USB Type-C will only be as good as its ecosystem, and more specifically, the worst of its ecosystem," he said.
Fed up with early cables from third-party vendors "that so blatantly flaunt the specification," Leung has begun critiquing USB-C connectors on Amazon, because "I want to hold them to task."
With fellow Google engineer Vincent Palatin, Leung posted a set of instructions for Pixel 2015 laptop owners to test whether their USB Type A/B-to-USB Type-C adapter is spec compliant.
What Is USB-C? An Explainer
First, put the computer in dev mode, then plug one end of the suspect USB cable into the machine, and the other end into a DCP charging wall unit—"preferably one you don't have any sort of sentimental attachment to," Leung warned.
In the case of a bad cable, the program will show Type-C with a 3000mA max, which, according to the engineers, means the resistor setting is wrong. Also, if you see Type-C, but know the other end of the cable is Type-A, just toss it. And look out for CC lines that are floating, Palatin added. Pixel owners who don't want to deal with developer commands can follow Leung's directions for testing in normal mode.
If you're concerned about blowing up your computer or setting fire to a wall charger, it's best to stick with cables purchased from reputable retailers. Those from FRiEQ, Belkin, and iOrange all pass muster; steer clear of products from CableCreation, Monba, Kupx, Juiced Systems, Orzly, and TechMatte.
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Stephanie Mlot
Stephanie joined PCMag in May 2012, moving to New York City from Frederick, Md., where she worked for four years as a multimedia reporter at the second-largest daily newspaper in Maryland. She interned at Baltimore magazine and graduated from Indiana University of Pennsylvania (in the town of Indiana, in the state of Pennsylvania) with a degree in ... See Full Bio
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Check Out the Sloth, Other Emoji Heading to iPhone, Android

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


PRICE DROP!! BACK ON MARKET! available now! Front unit, steps away from multiple pools, GYM, Vons, Starbucks, Camarena Elementary, Otay Ranch MALL, Shopping w/ Walmart. 4 beds , 3 fulls baths, Quartz Counters w/ full backsplash, Stainless appliances, laminate flooring, A/C, Private back yard with stone tiles and small retaining wall, Ceiling fans, BEAUTIFUL KITCHEN CABINETS W/ LOTS OF STORAGE and slide out cabinets, Kitchen hanging lights with Bluetooth Speakers. Refrigertor negotiable.


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U.S. Ski & Snowboard Foundation
The U.S. Ski & Snowboard Foundation is the non-profit fundraising arm of U.S. Ski & Snowboard.
Incorporated in 1964 as a 501(c)3, the Foundation raises money to support year-round athlete training, development, competition and educational needs.
Donations to the U.S. Ski & Snowboard Foundation are tax-deductible to the extent allowed by the law.
Jeff Shiffrin Athlete Resiliency Fund
How Giving Helps
Show your support for U.S. Ski & Snowboard Athletes by donating today!
Unlike our competitors, U.S. Ski & Snowboard does not receive government funding for its athletes and programs. We count on people like you to help provide our athletes with the resources they need to become Olympians and team members — and represent America on and off the mountain.
The Jeff Shiffrin Athlete Resiliency Fund was formed to honor his memory and contribute to the ongoing pursuit of excellence for all athletes across all sports.
The U.S. Ski & Snowboard Foundation hosts a variety of fundraising events across the country. Events include the annual New York Gold Medal Gala, St. Louis Winter Carnival, Park City Community Reception, and the Icemen on Snow Fantasy Camp. For the safety of our supported and athletes we have made the hard decision to host all our special events virtual this far. Please join us online for an event or two!
Gold Pass
This ultimate and exclusive lift pass is valid at over 200 resorts across the country. The Gold Pass gives unlimited access and is fully transferable so you can share it with family, friends or clients. A major portion of your Gold Pass donation is tax-deductible!
Join us for a once in a lifetime hospitality experience! The U.S. Ski & Snowboard Foundation is excited to offer the Champions Club program at the 2021 FIS Alpine World Ski Championships and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. As a member of Champions Club, you will have the opportunity to see first hand the impact your gift has on our U.S. Ski & Snowboard athletes.
Team Experiences
We invite you to be part of the exclusive team behind the team. You will join our U.S. Ski & Snowboard team athletes for unique, behind the scenes experiences in our Center of Excellence training facility or on the mountain while they train and compete all over the world.
Start planning your legacy today with U.S. Ski & Snowboard. We will work with you to find a charitable plan that lets you provide for your family and support the U.S. Ski & Snowboard Foundation.
Marolt Athlete Endowment
A $50 million fundraising effort in support of our athletes' most pressing needs on and off the hill.
Let everyone know you're supporting current and future athletes by purchasing U.S. Ski & Snowboard gear.
No athlete becomes an Olympian on their own.
It requires a network of dedicated coaches, teammates and supporters. U.S. Ski & Snowboard has a proud tradition of being supported by funding from generous Americans. This extraordinary tradition is shared with few countries in the world. We have created programs to match donations of all sizes. Just like every second, every step, and every shot counts in the Olympics, so does every contribution to our team. Join us today by making a donation.
Give Online through our secure donation site.
Give by Mail (check or money order):
U.S. Ski and Snowboard Foundation
1 Victory Lane
Give Stock or Cash Wire: Please contact Craig Booth at 435-714-3937 for more information.
Planned Giving: Please contact Victoria Medford Brown at 435-647-2019 for more information.
Champions Club: Please contact Amanda Black at 435-714-0287 for more information.
Special Events: Find a special event near you.
Gold Pass: Join the Gold Pass program today.
U.S. Ski & Snowboard provides leadership and direction for tens of thousands of young skiers and snowboarders who share an Olympic dream while maintaining a strong adherence to the core values of team, loyalty, integrity, respect, perseverance, and accountability.
Developed to prepare U.S. athletes for national and international competition, U.S. Ski & Snowboard provides structure for competitive skiing and snowboarding. Over the course of an athlete's career, U.S. Ski & Snowboard can provide up to $2 million of support through travel, coaching staff, sports science and medicine, education and rehabilitation.
Provides lunch for one athlete at the Center of Excellence.
Provides one supplemental oxygen session for an athlete to train at sea level.
Provides one fitness test for an athlete's training.
Provides one rehab session with team physical therapists.
Provides one flight to Colorado for preseason on-snow training.
Provides one pair of World Cup ski racing boots.
Athlete Career & Education


text:
Frankluquetia is een kevergeslacht uit de familie van de boktorren (Cerambycidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van het geslacht werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 2004 door Tavakilian.

Soorten
Frankluquetia is monotypisch en omvat slechts de volgende soort:
 Frankluquetia inexpectata Tavakilian, 2004

Boktorren

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Around 300 current and retired employees and family members marked the occasion at an Open House event which included a barbecue, prizes and plant tours.
Founded by Libbey-Owens-Ford as an automotive plant on June 4, 1962, the float furnace was added two years later and some of its original equipment is still in operation. One of its original operators is also still at work at the site - team leader Dennis Long, who was leading plant tours on the Open House day, is the longest-serving employee at the plant, having joined when the furnace was installed in 1964.
"I had somebody tell me that they were hiring so I just showed up here looking for work – I've been here ever since," said Dennis.
"It's changed a lot – we've made an awful lot of products over the years - but the people that I've worked with are great. I really hope this place stays around for another 50 years."


WHO Disappointed Faces in Vienna: Contrary to what many activists were expecting, cannabis is not going to be reclassified any time soon. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced that it would not be presenting its recommendation to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) on schedule. Some say the real reason for the delay may in fact be political in nature.
The Commission on Narcotic Drugs of the United Nations met in Vienna from 5 – 7 December 2018. It was supposed to be a red-letter day. Many things pointed to the possible announcement of a reclassification of cannabis, which would mark the beginning of the end of worldwide prohibition. Activists and patients who had travelled to the meeting were eagerly awaiting the World Health Organization's recommendation. However, it was kept under wraps.
A WHO spokesperson told an astonished public that its recommendation could not be submitted to the CND due to a lack of time. As the WHO has had nearly three years in which to complete the cannabis review process, this decision is difficult to understand.
The WHO's actions are feeding speculation about political motives. "The topic of cannabis is currently highly politicised. I witnessed very aggressive behaviour against Canada when it voted in favour of legalising cannabis. I think it is a political football, and this may mean that the ECDD (Expert Committee on Drugs Dependence, editor's note: acts as adviser to WHO) did not receive approval from the WHO to submit its recommendation," says Ann Fordham, who heads the International Drug Policy Consortium (IDPC).
The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is the basis for current drug laws worldwide. Cannabis is on its list of illegal substances. As a so-called "Schedule 1 drug" it is regarded as a substance that does not provide any medical benefits while having a considerable potential for abuse. This could change soon.
The Commission on Narcotic Drugs is meeting in March 2019 to update the Single Convention. The reclassification of cannabis will then be on the agenda. Cannabis may possibly be reclassified as a "Schedule 2 drug" or even deleted from the list altogether. It can be assumed that the Commission on Narcotic Drugs will follow the WHO recommendation in its decision. One thing is certain – there is more to come. We will, of course, keep you updated with events as they happen.
Follow the Cannabis News Network and stay up-to-date with all cannabis-related news. If you would like to read more, follow the Cannabis News Network on Facebook, Twitter and Vimeo.
A name like World Health Organization may sound like an innovative, creative and progressive concern. But the reality is they are not. The move towards legalization has always been a grassroots voter initiative focused pursuit. And as we see here, it will continue to be.
Hemp seeds are completely legal in most European countries. However, each country has its own rules and nuances when it comes to the treatment of cannabis, which makes it no easy task to keep track In this article, we aim to shed some light in this darkness.
The WHO will finally release the results of the report announced just over a year ago, the first official evaluation of the medicinal value of cannabis in more than 80 years. The UN has received the conclusions recommending the reclassification of CBD in the Schedule of Controlled Substances, as well as a critical review of the scientific literature on the plant.
On December 17th, 2018, Canada made international headlines when cannabis became legal nationwide. While this event has sparked great enthusiasm among recreational cannabis users, patients are concerned and question whether the government will maintain its medicinal cannabis program.


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Google apologizes for accidentally changing settings on some people's smartphones without their knowledge or consent
Antonio Villas-Boas
Jeff Chiu/AP
On Thursday, some Android smartphone users reported that their battery-saving settings were enabled without their knowledge or consent.
Google eventually admitted that it was an experimental feature that was accidentally rolled out to more users than intended.
On Saturday, the company apologized for the confusion.
The event raises questions about how much control Google has over users' smartphones without their knowledge or consent.
Google has issued an apology to the smartphone users on Reddit who reported on Thursday that their battery-saving settings were turned on without their knowledge or consent.
Here's what happened. According to numerous Android owners who posted in the Reddit thread flagging the issue, last week the battery-saving option on Google's Pixel smartphones, as well as two Essential Phones, was inexplicably turned on, even if the owners had previously turned it off. The affected phones were running the latest version of the Android operating system, Android Pie 9.0.
The battery-saving feature slows down the phone's performance and prevents the phone from actively searching for notifications for things like emails and updates within apps.
The Pixel 2 from Google.
Google commented on the Reddit thread admitting that "This was an internal experiment to test battery saving features that was mistakenly rolled out to more users than intended." Google apologized in its response to Redditors, saying "Sorry for the confusion."
Google also rolled back the battery-saving settings to their original settings on the affected phones.
While the rollout of Google's experimental feature on Android is a seemingly harmless accident, it did raise questions among smartphone owners in the Reddit thread about the kind of control that Google has on phones running Android. The notion that Google could remotely change settings on their smartphones was not well received, especially in instances when the phone's owner wasn't notified of the change first.
One Redditor said "the whole 'we'll fix it guys' is not gonna fly on this one. What other changes are being made behind the scenes that may or may not be interfering with users' lives and or / feeding data to Google?" Another Redditor said "They shouldn't have had the ability to change a setting like that in my phone without warning."
Others were seemingly understanding, or they had at least come to peace with the fact that Google could change a smartphone's settings without notification.
It should be noted that the experimental feature was, indeed, experimental. As such, the feature may not have contained any kind of notification for users. It's entirely possible that a final version of the feature could contain some kind of option allowing users to opt-in option for the feature.
Business Insider contacted Google regarding what kind of steps it would take to notify users if such a feature was to be rolled out, but has yet to hear back.
SEE ALSO: The new smartphone from OnePlus will fix one of the most annoying 'features' of recent smartphones
NOW WATCH: Everything wrong with Android
More: Google Android Pixel Essential Phone


I am James Huang and I've been in the region of Electrical Engineering for many years.
Recently I am trying to learn and use new technologies in making creative projects.
I'm currently a graduate student in interactive media at NYU's ITP program.


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Hinn íslenski Þursaflokkur og Caput ist das sechste Musikalbum und zweite Livealbum der isländischen Progressive-Rock-Band Þursaflokkurinn. Es wurde im Februar 2008 im isländischen Höllinn aufgezeichnet und wird seit November 2008 in kleiner Stückzahl als CD-DVD-Kombination durch das isländische Unternehmen Sena vertrieben.

Überblick

Das Konzert wurde zum dreißigsten Jubiläum der Band aufgeführt und enthält von jedem der Alben mindestens eins bis sieben Musikstücke. Der durch das Orchester Caput und die Rückkehr des langjährigen Fagottisten Rúnar Vilbergsson erzeugte bombastische Klang wird dabei besonders bei den ursprünglich vom eher minimalistischen und New-Wave-orientierten Album Gæti eins verið... stammenden Stücken deutlich; einige unbekanntere Lieder, die auf der CD nicht vorhanden sind, finden sich auf der DVD wieder und weisen noch aufwendigere Arrangements auf, u. a. mit dem Dirigenten Guðni Franzson als Didgeridoo-Spieler oder mit der Gastsängerin Ragnheiður Gröndal.
Neben den auf den Alben veröffentlichten Liedern finden sich auch drei Stücke aus Égill Ólafssons Soundtrack zum Musical Grettir wieder sowie eine viertelstündige Ouvertüre des Orchesters, die Ausschnitte der gespielten Musikstücke zu einer Art Suite verwebt.

Herausstechende Musikstücke wären u. a. das erste Stück, Ranimosk, ein düsterer und instrumental gespielter Marsch, der in der Orchesterversion jazzige Strukturen erhält und sehr an symphonischen Progressive Rock erinnert.
Das Volkslied Brúðskaupssálmur vom Þursabit-Album ist durch die Hinzunahme des Didgeridoos zu einem trance-artigen, auf modalen Tonleitern basierenden Vokalstück geworden, wobei Grafskript vom Debütalbum Hinn íslenzki Þursaflokkur durch Égill Ólafssons Orchesterumsetzung sehr an klassische Musik anlehnt.

Das kurze Rock-'n'-Roll-Stück Jón var kræfur karl og hraustur von Bassisten Tómas Tómasson, das ursprünglich auf dem Livealbum Á hljómleikum veröffentlicht wurde, ist als Zugabe auch hier auf der DVD zu finden.

Hinter dem Song Draumasöngur Grettis verbirgt sich das Stück Harley Davidson, das auch auf der Kompilation Ókomin forneskjan zu hören ist.

Die Trackliste der CD

 Ranimosk (5:58)
 Stóðum tvö í túni (3:36)
 Búnaðarbálkur (5:16)
 Einsetumaður einu sinni (3:57)
 Æri-Tobbi (6:13)
 Sjö sinnum... (5:22)
 Brúðkaupsvísur (3:29)
 Skriftagangur/Bannfæring (including 'Kyrie eleison') (10:29)
 Grafskript (5:01)
 Draumasöngur Grettis (Harley Davidson) (5:37)
 Vill einhver elska...? (4:33)
 Nú er heima! (3:37)
 Pínulítill karl (3:51)
 Sigtryggur vann... (3:30)
 Nútíminn (4:10)
 Gegnum holt og hæðir (3:53)

Weblinks

Album (Progressive Rock)
Album 2008
Videoalbum
Livealbum
Þursaflokkurinn


The development of a digital economy was one of the key topics at the Gaidar Forum. First Deputy Head of the Administration of the Russian Government Maxim Akimov moderated a panel discussion titled "Business and Government: Partnership Models in the Digital Age." Its participants talked about the ways in which the economy is being transformed by digital technologies, which long ago transcended being simply technologies, becoming instead an impetus for change in all aspects of public life: the economy system, state policy and social relations.
The Analytical Center has hosted a meeting of the jury for the Contest "Best Information Analytics Tools – 2017". The organizing committee reported on the preliminary results of the contest that were formed based on the results of the expert group's work.
Strategy session "Transition to comprehensive control in the food production and consumption chain (From field to table)"
The Analytical Center has held a strategy session on how to identify and systematize critical risks for the life and health of people that occur during the field to the table life-cycle of food stuffs. Representatives of business, state agencies and the expert community discussed the risks and ways to properly manage them, which can be employed by manufacturers of agricultural products, the food industry and food retailers.
The Analytical Center held a round table on the allocation of functions and authorities during the design, construction, commissioning and operation of reservoirs.
"At the moment a lot of people are discussing what resources the central heating supply system needs but nobody talks about the tools and mechanisms that are already available. However, we do have an extensive set of tools for raising non-budgetary funds, unfortunately very few of those tools are being used at the moment," said Vitaly Kovalchuk, the Assistant of the Department of Industry and Infrastructure of the Executive Office of the Government of the Russian Federation, speaking at a roundtable on Financing Efforts to Improve the Efficiency of Heating Supply from Producers to Consumers that was held at the Analytical Center.
The Analytical Center has hosted the Information and Analysis Tools in Public Administration Conference. It was the final event of the Best Information and Analysis Tools 2017 contest.


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Witold Antoni Klaus (ur. 25 listopada 1976) – polski prawnik i kryminolog, doktor habilitowany nauk prawnych, profesor nadzwyczajny Instytutu Nauk Prawnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk.

Życiorys
Absolwent Wydziału Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (2000). Kształcił się podyplomowo w Szkole Praw Człowieka Helsińskiej Fundacji Praw Człowieka oraz w studium ewaluacji programów społecznych w Instytucie Socjologii UW. W 2008 w Instytucie Nauk Prawnych PAN pod kierunkiem Ireny Rzeplińskiej obronił pracę doktorską pt. Wymiar sprawiedliwości wobec nieletnich sprawców czynów zabronionych poniżej 13 roku życia. W 2017 uzyskał habilitację po obronie rozprawy pt. Przemoc ze strony najbliższych w doświadczeniach życiowych uchodźczyń. Analiza kryminologiczna.

W pracy naukowej zajął się problematyką kryminologii, praw człowieka, badań nad migracjami. Został profesorem nadzwyczajnym INP PAN, pracował również w Ośrodku Badań nad Migracjami UW. Odbył staż naukowy w Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, był też stypendystą British Academy i rządu Stanów Zjednoczonych, a także kierownikiem kilku grantów badawczych. Za pracę doktorską otrzymał II nagrodę w XLIV Ogólnopolskim Konkursie "Państwa i Prawa", wyróżniony też Społecznym Noblem 2008 przez Fundację Ashoka.

Został wybrany na członka Komitetu Badań nad Migracjami (w kadencji 2019–2022) i Komitetu Nauk Prawnych PAN (w kadencji 2020–2023). Wszedł w skład rady naukowej czasopisma "Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii" oraz został sekretarzem wydającej je organizacji. Od 2005 do 2019 był prezesem Stowarzyszenia Interwencji Prawnej, działał także w Szkole Sprawiedliwości Naprawczej i Polskim Stowarzyszeniu dla Edukacji Prawnej.

W 2014 otrzymał Złoty Krzyż Zasługi.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Absolwenci Wydziału Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Członkowie Komitetu Nauk Prawnych PAN
Polscy działacze społeczni
Polscy kryminolodzy
Pracownicy Instytutu Nauk Prawnych PAN
Urodzeni w 1976
Odznaczeni Złotym Krzyżem Zasługi (III Rzeczpospolita)


Google+ Whitespace by Spencer Cartwright - Google plus for us!
"Yesterday (11th April) 204 days since Google+ opened its doors to the general public, the coolest social network received its first major makeover. The reaction has been very postive and it is clear that Google has been listening to its users. The new look Google+ interface boosts a customisable toolbar (Ribbon), a reformated comments and post interation area, a bigger emphasis on multimedia in posts and a general tidying up of the screen.
However, one issue that dominated discussions yesterday was the increase in unused screen space, dubbed whitespace. So much chatter was generated that the #usesofwhitespace and #useofwhitespace hastags rapidly climbed into the top five trending topics for Google+. The whitespace is a result of the main conversation feed (Stream) has been moved over to the left which means if you're viewing Google+ on a widescreen monitor (and who isn't these days?) you have almost half your screen unused. To be fair, when you're at the top of your Stream, there are useful elements such as the list of trending topics and contact suggestions. This has prompted many innovative suggestions for the bright white area of your screen. Many posts have appeared with people using it to illuminate x-rays, to rest their iPad against and to hang strips of bacon from (I kid you not!).
1) Dockable window/pop-out for Hangouts – How cool will it be to have video chat going on while monitoring the Stream?
2) The return of YouTube – The YouTube player tab is no more, but the whitespace gives a great area for it to return to.
3) Custom Stream/Search – The ability to set up a second stream based on a custom search. You could keep your eye on a trending topic while still following the general conversations.
4) Widget area – As Google services become more integrated, the space could accomodate your stocks and weather widgets, your gmail notifications and Google Calendar. Think about how an iGoogle homepage looks.
5) Split pane – Have the stream on the left and the ability to open your Circles screen, photos or a game in the right hand area. True social media multitasking. It would be awesome to have your photos open on the right and then drag them directly into the Stream to create a new post.
I think the ideas you've come up with would be awesome. In the meantime (and if none of your tabs ideas are implemented, or not used by a user), I think it would be useful for the centre pane to simply be centred. Maybe the whole page should be, but at least centre pane. There would still be a load of whitespace, but it would be less noticeable, and the page would generally feel less… lop-sided.
That's a really good idea too Thomas. I imagine all of these whitespace comments would have been avoided if the stream was originally centred until it is actually used for something, I could actually foresee a centred stream looking best of all anyway.
bright ideas, does not mean if can not actually be implemented, and will increase in value if the benefit to many people.


Every poker player has learned to play poker in a house. Participants traditionally lines cross generations or more players, young players the fundamentals of the game in our house, we have learned to play poker from our father.
When my brother, our father fathers spend time with their grandchildren (boys and girls) to teach them. The complexities of poker poker began teaching when they were only five or six years. And Grandpa unhindered. He did not "come out" to attract children. The cards fell as they were destined to fall. If the grandchildren have the best hand, won. If you do not have the best hand, lost. Yes, Grandpa taught his grandson how to lose and win. Since the loss is counted a fact of life in the poker-grandfather, who was only to teach their grandchildren. A life lesson and a lesson in poker The children have learned not to be bothered, because they won. This is one heck of a life lesson.
My father rarely went on to teach life lessons. However, they were life lessons, learning with him.
My father, I have learned about charity. Not because he taught me, but because he showed me in the ways of love he did. My father learned to do things right. Not because he taught me, but it looks good to do things year after year. My father, I learned about love. Not because he taught me, but for the love you showed me all the days of my life … until the day of his death, two weeks before Christmas, eight years ago.
I miss my father. I think of him often, especially during the holidays. But the lessons I learned from him that I carry with me every day. And my love poker started with my father.


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The dangers of lithium ion battery powered vehicles
On Behalf of Winegar, Wilhelm, Glynn & Roemersma, P.C. | May 24, 2018 | Personal Injury
Car fires involving Tesla vehicles have become an unnerving narrative as we move towards the summer driving season. In March, a Tesla Model X burst into flames after striking a center median in California. Also, two Florida teenagers were killed after a fire in a Tesla burned so hot that rescuers and onlookers could not reach them.
These high profile accidents raise the question of whether cars powered by lithium ion batteries are more dangerous than gas powered cars.
The science behind the different vehicles suggests that electric cars may not be as dangerous. According to the National Fire Prevention Association, 174,000 car fires were reported in 2015, with a large majority of them involving gas powered cars. Also, Tesla claims that its vehicles are much safer than gas powered cars. 300,000 Teslas have been driven a total of 7.5 billion miles, and only 40 fires have been reported. In comparison, 55 fires have been reported for gas powered cars after travelling 1 billion miles.
Indeed, the statistics might be misleading, but researchers believe that continuing innovations to lithium ion batteries and their housing will make electric powered cars safer. After all, designers of gas powered cars have had over 100 years to make gas tanks (and gas-powered cars) safe. Designers are still in the process of making electric cars less resistant to fires.
Nevertheless, if you have been injured or burned due to a fire in an electric car, an experienced personal injury lawyer can advise you.
The preceding is for informational purposes only.
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Videos produced at University or in College
Eldon Art
March 7, 2013 June 16, 2014 | TVPaulD
Eldon Art is a special one hour live outside broadcast show, showcasing various art forms and art work produced by students from the University of Portsmouth in the Eldon Building. The show features live interviews, caricature drawings and live big "Art Attack". Presented here edited, not As Live.
Tea with Paul – Pilot Episode
The Pilot Episode of my University Chat Show, Tea with Paul, for University of Portsmouth's CCi TV! Featuring guests Liam Smith, from CCi TV's "Eldon Wanderers" and Umby from CCi TV's "The Manual". This time, we chat about the year that was 2012 plus myself and Matt take on the tea-tasting challenge, to see if my years of reviewing beverages for the internet have made me significantly better at judging the tastes of drinks.
This video was produced in partial fulfilment of the TVBRO Unit on the University of Portsmouth's BSc (Hons) Television & Broadcasting Course.
CCi Live 25/1/2013
January 25, 2013 June 4, 2013 | TVPaulD
This is the final CCi Live produced by The Blue Group for the 2012/2013 Academic Year. Hosted by Charlie Jackson, Jo Walker & Umby; it features the usual weekly CCi News rundown and an interview with Vice President of the University of Portsmouth Karting Society, Jason Clark.
http://vimeo.com/ccitv/ccilive2512013
CCi Live 30/11/2012
November 30, 2012 June 4, 2013 | TVPaulD
This weeks show focuses on a few of the most popular societies within the UoP. We show the Basketball society, the Dance society and the Comedy society. The show includes a live stand up from a member of the comedy society, and a live interview explaining how to become interested in the area. Also included in this week's packed show, Purple Door's placement and recruitment fayre, which includes a very informative interview with the careers manager explaining the advantages and usefulness of the graduate fayre. Our "Something Different" includes arts and crafts: How to make your own Christmas Gift, made and presented by local artist Tracy Herrity.
http://vimeo.com/ccitv/301112
On this week's CCi Live, we drop in on the University's Show choir Society, get the scoop on finding employment after University from successful Portsmouth Graduate, Chris Solarski, mix up a batch of homemade eggnog and more!
October 19, 2012 June 4, 2013 | TVPaulD
Student Super Savers, a broadcast for CCi Live focuses on the financial strains of students and advice that can be given to them, to make sure that stay clear of financial hardships. Student finance advisors have been interviewed to give advice to students on how to stay on top of their finances and which precautions they can take to maintain a healthy bank balance. The show also focuses on how to save money when food shipping, joining the gym and gives advice on how to get a job. There is also a showcase by Dimitri Papazachariou
It's the third CCi Live of the new Academic Year and we've packed it with a look at how the University promotes itself to new students, a look at some of the great work being created by students around the University, tips on enjoying your time in Portsmouth, an introduction to a brand new course on offer in the CCI Faculty and of course your weekly dose of the latest news and goings on!
October 5, 2012 June 4, 2013 | TVPaulD
CCi week 2, another action packed episode where we explore placements, how to save a bit of money and a live performance! Featuring me as a Presenter for the first time on CCi Live.
Building The Olympics
Video | October 4, 2012 February 16, 2020 | TVPaulD
The videos produced by Distinct Productions, as part of the University of Portsmouth's Television & Broadcasting Course for the Module "Video Industry & Television Studies". Production Credit goes to Daniel Schultz, Reanne Bull, Ellen Sharkey, Lewis Avarillo-Singh & Paul Douglas, who were executive produced by Charlie Watts and Lou Appleby (Within the University) and Dave Batcock from the BBC. This project was created for and screened as part of the BBC Big Screen Project.


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Jessica Simpson is in the hospital
Jessica Simpson is currently being treated for a kidney infection at Cedars-Sinai. She checked in on Friday because of aches and a fever. Her boyfriend, Tony Romo, wasn't there because he had prior commitments in Dallas. For, uhm, charity. Yea, charity. That's it.
I've always wanted to be a doctor at Cedars-Sinai. That way when Jessica comes in I can tell her that she needs to strip naked to be throughly examined with massage oil. Oh, and I'll tell her not to worry about me getting naked too. I just need to take her temperature. With my penis.
#jessica simpson
John Mayer Made Out With Perez Hilton to Try to Smooth Over His Feud With Jessica Simpson
Jessica Simpson Got a Photo of Kobe Bryant's Helicopter Crash, Which was Very Close to Her House
Jessica Simpson Says John Mayer Was Obsessed with Her Sexually
Mallow Mind
Looks like she got a peepee infection from banging her boyfriend. Worse, where did he get it from.
What does this girl do again?
Phillip McCracken
lets hope she dies somehow while in there. wouldnt that be sweet having one less talentless useless smug cunt on the face of the earth?


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About Flipped Classroom
Flipped classroom vs blended learning
What's the difference between blended learning and flipped classrooms? Are there any differences? You will find out in this article. :-)
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What is blended learning?
"Take out your books and read the first chapter." This is a sentence you must have heard a lot of times. Nowadays this sentence could be replaced by "Click on the link and follow the instructions on your laptop." The first situation is a classical learning method. The second situation, is a modern learning method.
What does blended learning mean? You guessed right! It's a mix between a classical and modern learning method. Students are learning from their computers in addition to the instruction they get from their teachers. For example, with the classical method a culinary instructor would demonstrate how to make bread dough during a live lesson. After the demonstration, the pupils could review the material by completing an online quiz on a tablet with the modern method.
Read more about the advantages and disadvantages of blended learning.
What is flipped classroom?
What is meant by a flipped classroom? Flipped classrooms are a180-degree shift in "traditional" education. In the traditional model, the teacher is the main source of knowledge, but with flipped classrooms students have direct access to the learning content. This difference transforms the role of the teacher to that of a coach and mentor. With the flipped classroom model, students have to prepare for meetings with their teachers. During this time, both the student and teacher are able to target the application and understanding of the material more deeply.
Read more about the advantages and disadvantages of the flipped classroom.
What are flipped classrooms
Flipped Classroom Advantages And Disadvantages
Flipped classroom vs traditional classroom
More articles that might interest you
What are flipped classrooms? Definition explained
What does is flipped classroom mean? In the traditional model the teacher stands between the students and the knowledge. With the flipped classroom, students have direct access to the knowledge and the teacher serves as a coach and mentor. With the flipped classroom model, students have to prepare their contact moments. During contact moments teachers are able to zoom in on the application and deeper processing of the learning material.
The flipped classroom has some pros and cons. Do pros outweigh the cons? Find out in this article.
The flipped classroom method has become increasingly popular since the advent of internet. It's a 180 degree shift in traditional education. With the flipped classroom, students have direct access to all the learning materials, and the instructor serves as a coach and mentor.
A 180 degree shift in education. But what does that say? This article will describe the meaning of the flipped classroom and traditional education. At the end, it gives a conclusion of the differences :-)
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Home » Disability equality law » Types of discrimination » Direct discrimination
Last updated 19th August, 2012 (part update 4th July 2019).
Direct discrimination is less favourable treatment because of a disability. There is no justification defence. It may apply particularly where discrimination is based on a stereotype – see separate page on Stereotypes and assumptions.
Technical definition
Abilities: Technical uncertainties
What is 'less favourable'?
Two limbs are intertwined
'Because of' disability
Motive irrelevant
…but usually need to look at mental processes
Mental process of decision-maker, rather than other staff
Disability need not be the only or main cause
'Because of' disability is intended to mean same as previous DDA wording
The comparison
Comparator – actual of hypothetical
Employment Code of Practice
'Relevant' circumstances
A useful way to think of 'direct discrimination' is that it sets the limits to the 'objective justification' defence. If there is no direct discrimination, the employer or service provider has a defence if it can show objective justification. If there is direct discrimination, the question of whether there is objective justification does not even arise.
Direct discrimination is where someone is treated less favourably because of a disability. There is no 'justification' defence – it is unlawful. It may apply particularly where a person is stereoyped because of their disability (Stereotypes and assumptions).
The other main discrimination claim for unfavourable treatment is 'discrimination arising from disability'. This is much wider than direct discrimination, and will very often apply where direct discrimination does not. It includes, for example, less favourable treatment due to a person's abilities. However, in the case of 'discrimination arising from disability' the employer or service provider etc has a defence if it shows its actions were objectively justified. (More: 'Direct discrimination' vs 'discrimination arising from disability'.)
Examples of direct discrimination
An employer does not employ a disabled person because it does not want any disabled people in the workplace. This is likely to be direct discrimination.
An employer turns down a job applicant who stammers because it is concerned other employees will make fun of the stammer. This is likely to be direct discrimination. (See below Motive irrelevant)
An applicant mentions in a job application for a sales role that he has a stammer. The employer assumes that a person who stammers would not have the communication skills required for this role, and so does not invite them for interview. The employer does not look at the individual's actual abilities. This may well be unlawful as direct discrimination. (See further Stereotypes and assumptions)
Example of 'discrimination arising from disability'
An applicant for a customer service job has a stammer which is a 'disability' within the Equality Act. The employer turns him down because, due to the stammer, he will sometimes take longer to serve customers. This is likely to be 'discrimination arising from disability', and the question will be whether the employer can show the objective justification defence applies. The reason for turning the person down is their ability to do something, rather than the stammer itself.
More: 'Direct discrimination' vs 'discrimination arising from disability'.
Some particular points on direct discrimination:
it includes less favourable treatment of a person because of another person's disability (Discrimation by association),
it may well apply even though there is no 'disability' as defined, if the person is just perceived to have a disability (Perceived disability).
Take the direct discrimination example above, where the job applicant who stammers is not invited for interview. Even if that individual's stammer did not meet the requirements of being a 'disability' within the Equality Act, the employer may be liable on the basis that he perceived the applicant to have a disability. (See further Perceived disability).
As to how far discrimination in favour of disabled people is lawful, see Can a disabled person be treated more favourably?
Legislation: s.13 EqA (link to legislation.gov.uk).
Codes of Practice: Employment Code, Chapter 3; Services Code, Chapter 4.
There is 'direct discrimination' if because of a disability an employer or service provider etc treats an individual less favourably than it treats or would treat others (s.13 EqA).
The 'other' person who would not be treated in that way is known as the 'comparator'. There is no need for an actual person who was treated less favourably – the comparator can be hypothetical. There must be "no material difference between the circumstances relating to each case" (s.23 EqA) – so there must be no material difference between the circumstances of the claimant and those of the comparator except that the comparator does not have a disability. The 'circumstances' include a person's abilities. See further below The comparision.
So the legislation sets two requirements:
that the treatment was 'because of disability' (see below 'Because of' disability), and
the treatment was less favourable than how a similar non-disabled comparator would be treated (below The comparision).
However, these requirements are intertwined, and should not be separated too much. One should cross-check that both requirements are met, but if one requirement is met the other is likely to be. See below Two limbs are intertwined.
For there to be direct discrimination, the claimant must be treated less favourably than a non-disabled person would be whose circumstances (which include 'abilities') are not materially different (s.23 EqA).
The effect of this seems to be that treating someone less favourably because of their abilities (or lack of abilities) is not direct discrimination.
However, unfavourable treatment because of abilities arising in consequence of the disability can be 'discrimination arising from disability'. So it can still be unlawful, but the employer etc has a defence if it shows objective justification. See 'Direct discrimination' vs 'discrimination arising from disability'.
An employer turns down a job applicant with a stammer because it considers that – in the light of the stammer – the applicant's communication skills are not good enough. If this is not direct discrimination, it can still be unlawful as 'discrimination arising from disability' but the employer has a defence if it shows objective justification.
There are technical uncertainties on abilities and the scope of direct discrimination. For example, it may perhaps be direct discrimination to treat someone less favourably because of behaviour which is a 'facet' of the disability. Also it may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between 'because of the stammer' and 'because of communication skills'.
If you want a rather long and technical discussion, go to Direct discrimination: What is 'because of' stammering? The short answer though is that these issues are unclear, and on the point that they may often not matter in practice see: 'Direct discrimination' vs 'discrimination arising from disability': Is the distinction important in practice?
Another uncertainty is how far one can argue that abilities irrelevant to the job should not be taken into account. See below 'Relevant' circumstances.
Direct discrimination may apply particularly where a person is stereoyped because of their disability. See Stereotypes and assumptions.
Normally it will be obvious that the person has been treated less favourably, eg s/he is turned down for promotion s/he wanted.
What about more borderline cases? The Employment Code, at para 3.5, says there need not be actual disadvantage; it is enough that the worker can reasonably say that they would have preferred not to be treated differently from the way someone without the disability is or would be treated. (This wording comes from West Yorkshire Police v Khan (link to bailli.org), para 76).
An example of this given by the Employment Code is appraisal duties being withdrawn from the claimant, even though the claimant continues on the same pay.
The Code also says, at para 3.6, that less favourable treatment (e.g. loss of job status) cannot be balanced by offsetting it against more favourable treatment (e.g. extra pay).
The legislation requires that the treatment of the claimant is
'because of' disability, and
less favourable than how a non-disabled comparator would be treated whose circumstances are not materially different.
These two limbs are dealt with under separate headings below, but they should not be seen as totally separate. The Court of Appeal in Aylott v Stockton on Tees Borough Council (July 2010), and more recently the EAT in Cordell v FCO, said that whether the claimant is treated less favourably than a hypothetical employee is intertwined with identifying the reason for the treatment. It might be seen as a single test rather than two separate 'limbs'. Even so, one should cross-check that both limbs are satisfied.
"…I think that the decision whether the claimant was treated less favourably than a hypothetical employee of the [employer] is intertwined with identifying the ground on which the claimant was dismissed. If it was on the ground of disability, then it is likely that he was treated less favourably than the hypothetical comparator not having the particular disability would have been treated in the same relevant circumstances. The finding of the reason for his dismissal supplies the answer to the question whether he received less favourable treatment: the real question is not so much about the hypothetical comparator, as whether the ET's finding on the ground of dismissal was supported by evidence…."
Court of Appeal in Aylott v Stockton on Tees Borough Council (July 2010).
An earlier example of this point is Shammon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constulary [2003] – see below 'Relevant' circumstances.
The two limbs of the test are discussed below:
The Comparision (less favourable treatment).
Paragraph 3.14 of the Employment Code (based on case law) says that motive is irrelevant, and also that discrimination may be unconscious:
"Direct discrimination is unlawful, no matter what the employer's motive or intention, and regardless of whether the less favourable treatment of the worker is conscious or unconscious. Employers may have prejudices that they do not even admit to themselves or may act out of good intentions – or simply be unaware that they are treating the worker differently because of a protected characteristic."
Paragraph 3.14 of the Employment Code.
Case law has said that if the protected characteristic (eg. disability) is the factual criterion that determined the decision of the employer or service provider, then his 'motive' or 'reason' for using that criterion does not matter.
An employer turns down a job applicant who stammers because it is concerned other employees will make fun of the stammer. This is likely to be direct discrimination.
This phraseology – of looking at the 'factual criteria' applied by the discriminator – is taken from Lord Phillips's judgment in the JFS admissions case (link to bailii.org) (also Press Summary (pdf)), which in December 2009 reaffirmed that motive is irrelevant. Other judges expressed the test in other ways, but the majority of the Supreme Court essentially took the same approach.
Some examples of cases looking at the cause of treatment rather than the motive:
In James v Eastleigh Borough Council (1990) a swimming pool charged lower admission to pensioners, because a person's resources were likely to have been reduced by retirement. Even so, it was held to be direct sex discrimination against men. Since the retirement age was 65 for men and 60 for women, the effect of the pool's policy was inherently discriminatory – a 61 year old man would be charged more than a 61 year old woman.
In Amnesty International v Ahmed (2009) the employer was, amongst other things, concerned that a person of the claimant's ethnic origin would not be perceived as impartial. The court held that 'benign' reasons such as this did not alter the fact that there was direct discrimination on grounds of ethnic origin.
JFS admissions and James v Eastleigh Borough Council above are examples of cases where the criteria used were clear. In many cases, however, the factual criteria which determined how claimant was treated will be unclear. Here it will be necessary to look at the employer's mental processes to see if the treatment was because of the disability or because of something else.
A job applicant who stammers is turned down for the job. The employer says this is because of lack of experience, rather than anything to do with the stammer. It will be for the tribunal to decide whether that is true.
In practice, a case such as this is more likely to be 'discrimination arising from disability' rather than 'direct discrimination'. In both cases though, there is the question of what is the employer's real reason. See my Recruitment and promotion page: What was the reason for turning the person down?
Even though the employer's mental processes are important, it is still not the motive that is relevant:
In Amnesty International v Ahmed (2009) above, the employer's mental process was relevant in that (subjectively) one of its reasons was concern about the candidate's impartiality. That was the motive, but it meant that legally the employer's decision was on grounds of ethnic origin, and it was so unlawful.
NB: Where the reason for the less favourable treatment is the abilities of the disabled person, that is not likely to be direct discimination. See above Abilities.
In deciding whether a dismissal (or other act) by a sole decision-maker is direct discrimination, the court looks only at the motivation of that decision-maker. However inputs into the decision, such as reports, could be separate acts of discrimination. Also it is different where a decision was made jointly.
CLFIS (UK) Ltd v Reynolds, Court of Appeal, 2015
A dismissal was held not to be age discrimation because the sole decision-maker was not motivated by age, but by the claimant's performance.
The decision to dismiss was made following a presentation by another staff member. The court held the tribunal was right not to look at whether the other staff member was motivated by age in deciding whether the dismissal was discriminatory, because he was not a decision-maker in it. However a claimant still had remedy because she could for other discriminatory acts by staff, such as discriminatory reports. These would be separate discriminatory acts distinct from the dismissal.
If the decision to dismiss had been made jointly, the tribunal would have to be concerned with the motivation of all those responsible, since a discriminatory motivation on the part of any of them would be sufficient to taint the decision.
It follows from this that knowledge of a disability by someone else in the employer's organisation cannot be imputed to the decision-maker. For direct discrimination one looks only at the decision-maker's mental processes:
Gallop v Newport City Council (bailii.org), EAT, 2016
On a claim for direct discrimination, the claimant argued that knowledge by another employee (in Occupational Health) should be imputed to the manager who decided to dismiss the claimant. The court rejected this. The tribunal was entitled to conclude that because the manager had no actual knowledge of the claimant's disability, and there was no evidence that his decision to dismiss was because of an intention or motivation stemming from the claimant's disability, direct disability discrimination was not a consideration.
The position is different for reasonable adjustments and discrimination arising from disability, where knowledge of the disability by other staff (but not normally Occupational Health) can be imputed. See Knowledge of disability.
"The characteristic [ie. the disability] needs to be a cause of the less favourable treatment, but does not need to be the only or even the main cause."
'If the tribunal is satisfied that the prohibited ground is one of the reasons for the treatment, that is sufficient to establish discrimination. It need not be the only or even the main reason. It is sufficient that it is significant in the sense of being more than trivial: see the observations of Lord Nicholls in Nagarajan (p.886F) as explained by Peter Gibson LJ in Igen v Wong [2005] ICR 931, para 37.'
London Borough of Islington v Ladele, (link to bailii.org), EAT, para 40(2) of judgment.
An example of a protected charateristic being only one cause:
O'Donoghue v Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council (link to bailii.org).
The Court of Appeal upheld a tribunal's finding of (sex) discrimination. An interview panel's rejection of a woman had been affected by evidence that she was not an easy person to work with or good with staff (not discriminatory reasons), but also by strong feminist views which she had freely expressed (discriminatory reason).
In response to an enquiry in the application form prohibited under s.60 EqA, a job applicant discloses that he has a stammer. On the basis of the paper job application, the employer does not shortlist him for interview. In seeking to discharge the employer's burden of proof that there is no direct discrimination (s.60 shifts the burden to the employer), the employer will need to bring evidence sufficient to show that the stammer was not a significant influence on its decision not to shortlist. It is not enough to show the stammer was not the only or even the main reason.
For fuller example see Pre-employment enquiries>Enforcement. That link also deals with issues of 'discrimination arising from disability'.
See further my page Multiple discrimination.
It is likely that discrimination because one is perceived to have a disability is covered as direct discrimination. One does not need to actually have a disability, or it may not be a disability as legally defined.
A person who stammers is turned down for a job due to stereotyping. This may well be direct discrimination, and the job applicant may have a claim even if that her stammer did not meet the requirements of being a 'disability' within the Equality Act. The employer may be liable on the basis that he perceived the applicant to have a disability.
For more, see Perceived disability.
The person claiming to have been treated less favourably need not have the disability him- or herself. The less favourable treatment may be because of someone else's disability.
Direct discrimination can include a mother being treated less favourably because her son is disabled.
Direct discrimination could also include a non-disabled person treated less favourably because she helped to set up an informal staff network for disabled workers.
For more, see Discrimination by association.
The 'because of' wording in the Equality Act 2010 is not intended to mean anything different from 'on the grounds of' disability in the previous Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA). The new wording is intended to be easier to understand, but to mean the same. Ultimately the courts will decide this, but statements in Parliament and the European law consideration below should be important to their decision.
In Parliament (and elsewhere) there was concern that the change in wording will create uncertainty, and that 'because of' may be interpreted more narrowly than the DDA. However, the Solicitor General speaking for the Government in a debate on the Equality Bill said that the new wording means just the same as the old. In particular, intent is not required, and discrimination need not be the only ground for less favourable treatment (col 240-244, HC Hansard, Public Bill Cttee 16/6/09 (link to UK Parliament website)).
The point was also addressed in the House of Lords Committee. The Minister confirmed that the objective test, irrespective of motive or intent, is part of European equality law, so that a narrower interpretation requiring intent would violate that and be invalid (from col 522 HL Hansard 13/1/10 (link to UK Parliament website)).
The treatment of the disabled person must be compared with how someone would be treated who does not have a disability (eg a stammer) but whose abilities and other circumstances are not materially different.
However, whether this comparison test is met is intertwined with whether the treatment was 'because of' disability. The two limbs should not be separated too much. See above Two limbs are intertwined.
The claimant must be treated less favouably than how someone else (a similar non-disabled person) would be treated, and that 'someone else' is known as the 'comparator'. There must be no material difference between the circumstances relating to each case, and the 'circumstances' include a person's abilities (s.23 EqA). So there must be no material difference between the circumstances of the claimant and those of the comparator except that the comparator does not have a disability.
Because the legislation talks of how the employer etc 'would treat' others, there does not have to be an actual person whose circumstances are not materially different. It is enough that because of the disability the claimant is treated less favourably than a person with no material difference in cirumstances (including abilities) would have been treated had they existed. Such as person is called a 'hypothetical' comparator.
The comparator will normally be hypothetical rather than actual, because there will very often be no actual person treated more favourably whose circumstances are not materially different. However, how people are treated where there is a material difference can still be relevant. It can be evidence to help a tribunal infer how a non-disabled comparator with no material difference would have been treated.
Cases which consider who should be taken as the correct comparator include Aylott v Stockton on Tees Borough Council (Court of Appeal, July 2010), Cordell v FCO, (EAT, October 2011), and High Quality Lifestyles v Watts (EAT, April 2006).
"The comparator for direct disability discrimination is the same as for other types of direct discrimination. However, for disability, the relevant circumstances of the comparator and the disabled person, including their abilities, must not be materially different. An appropriate comparator will be a person who does not have the disabled person's impairment but who has the same abilities or skills as the disabled person (regardless of whether those abilities or skills arise from the disability itself)."
Employment Code, para 3.29
Paragraph 3.30 of the Employment Code goes on to say that it is important to focus on those circumstances which are, in fact, relevant to the less favourable treatment. Although in some cases, certain abilities may be the result of the disability itself, these may not be relevant circumstances for comparison purposes.
A disabled man with arthritis who can type at 30 words per minute applies for an administrative job which includes typing, but is rejected on the grounds that his typing is too slow. The correct comparator in a claim for direct discrimination would be a person without arthritis who has the same typing speed with the same accuracy rate. In this case, the disabled man is unable to lift heavy weights, but this is not a requirement of the job he applied for. As it is not relevant to the circumstances, there is no need for him to identify a comparator who cannot lift heavy weights
Employment Code, para 3.30:
Legislation prior to the Equality Act 2010 actually said that it is 'relevant' circumstances of the comparator that must not be materially different (s.3A(5) Disability Discrimination Act 1995). The Equality Act does not include the word 'relevant', but the Employment Code still takes the view that circumstances must be relevant to the less favourable treatment. It seems this can be justified on the wording of the Equality Act, in that a difference in irrelevant circumstances would not be a 'material' difference.
From the example in para 3.30 of the Code (above), one wonders whether discrimination because of abilities irrelevant to the job can be direct discrimination, even though the abilities are taken into account by the employer (and so are relevant to the less favourable treatment):
A job applicant who stammers has difficutly communicating in interviews, but is fine in the sales type of role that they are used to. The employer turns the person down for the sales role because of how they communicated in the interview.
Arguably this might be direct discrimination – ability to communicate in interviews is not relevant to the job. However, this ability is relevant to the less favourable treatment. The legal position here is uncertain, and there may well be a stronger argument that the employer's decision is not 'objectively justifed, so there is unlawful 'discrimination arising from disability'.
Shamoon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constulary (link to bailii.org) [2003] House of Lords
This was a sex discrimination case (before Equality Act 2010). Chief Inspector Shamoon claimed she was treated less favourably than two male chief inspectors. Unlike her, they retained their counselling responsibilities. She had been the subject of complaints and of representations by Police Federation representatives, the male chief inspectors had not. The House of Lords said that whether this was a material difference was linked with the reason why her counselling duties were withdrawn. It might be that the reason had nothing to do with the complaints and representations. If that were so, then a comparison between her and the two male chief inspectors may well be comparing like with like, because in that event the difference (complaints v. no complaints) between her and her two male colleagues would be an immaterial difference. However, if the complaints were the reason for the withdrawal of her counselling duties, they would be a material difference.
For further technical uncertaintes, including a link to a technical discussion of stammering in particular, see above Abilities: Technical uncertainties.


This is an exceptionally good looking shop.
Fully renovated 1 1/2 years ago.
Very close to a popular beach with indoor and outdoor seating. Selling 500 chickens per week, salads, and chicken burgers.
This is running on a very high profit margin with 3 family members.
It has to be the best designed shop!!
Husband only works a few hours per day.


Marek Grechuta was a Polish singer, songwriter, composer, poet, and artist. His music ranged from jazz fusion and avant-garde through to progressive rock. He was (and remains) one of the most popular of Polish singers, loved by Poles of all ages.
The song Korowod (Procession) from the 1971 album of the same name by Marek Grechuta.
Marek Grechuta was born in December 1945 in Zamosc, Poland. He died in October 2006 in Krakow.
This entry was posted in Poland, Polish and tagged Marek Grechuta, music on 12/11/2009 by PolishPoland.


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https://apnews.com/article/technology-global-trade-nuclear-weapons-north-korea-coronavirus-pandemic-19f536cac4a84780f54a3279ef707b33
UN experts: North Korea using cyber attacks to update nukes
By EDITH M. LEDERERFebruary 10, 2021 GMT
In this photo provided by the North Korean government, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un attends at a meeting of Central Committee of Worker's Party of Korea in Pyongyang, North Korean, Monday, Feb. 8, 2021. Independent journalists were not given access to cover the event depicted in this image distributed by the North Korean government. The content of this image is as provided and cannot be independently verified. (Korean Central News Agency/Korea News Service via AP)
UNITED NATIONS (AP) — North Korea has modernized its nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles by flaunting United Nations sanctions, using cyberattacks to help finance its programs and continuing to seek material and technology overseas for its arsenal including in Iran, U.N. experts said.
The panel of experts monitoring sanctions on the Northeast Asian nation said in a report sent to Security Council members Monday that North Korea's "total theft of virtual assets from 2019 to November 2020 is valued at approximately $316.4 million," according to one unidentified country.
The panel said its investigations found that North Korean-linked cyber actors continued to conduct operations in 2020 against financial institutions and virtual currency exchange houses to generate money to support its weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programs.
The experts previously reported on the continuous involvement in Iran of the Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation, North Korea's primary arms dealer and main exporter of goods and equipment related to ballistic missiles and conventional weapons that are under U.N. sanctions.
In the new report, the experts quoted an unidentified country as saying North Korea and Iran "have resumed cooperation on long-range missile development projects ... said to have included the transfer of critical parts, with the most recent shipment associated with this relationship taking place in 2020."
Iran replied on Dec. 21 that "preliminary review of the information provided to us by the panel indicates that false information and fabricated data may have been used in investigations and analyses of the panel," the experts said.
In North Korea's weapons development, the experts said, Kim Jong Un's government has also produced fissile material — an essential ingredient for producing nuclear weapons — and maintained its nuclear facilities.
"It displayed new short-range, medium-range, submarine-launched and intercontinental ballistic missile systems at military parades," they said. "It announced preparation for testing and production of new ballistic missile warheads and, development of tactical nuclear weapons ... and upgraded its ballistic missile infrastructure."
The panel recommended that the Security Council impose sanctions on four North Korean men: Choe Song Chol, Im Song Sun, Pak Hwa Song, and Hwang Kil Su.
The Security Council has imposed increasingly tough sanctions on North Korea since its first test explosion of a nuclear device in 2006. It has banned most of the country's exports and severely limited its imports, trying to pressure Pyongyang into abandoning its nuclear and ballistic missile programs.
But the report's summary and some key findings and recommendations, obtained by The Associated Press, make clear that North Korea remains able to evade sanctions and develop its weapons and to illicitly import refined petroleum, access international banking channels and carry out "malicious cyber activities."
North Korea's arsenal escalated to a major threat to the United States following tests in 2017 that included a detonation of a purported thermonuclear warhead and flight tests demonstrating its ICBMs could reach deep in the American mainland.
A year later, Kim initiated diplomacy with South Korea and then-U.S. President Donald Trump that derailed in 2019 when the Americans rejected North Korea's demands for major sanctions relief in exchange for a piecemeal deal partially surrendering its nuclear weapons capabilities.
Last year, North Korea's already battered economy decayed further amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which led Kim to close the country's borders. That severely limited the legal and illegal transfer of goods and movement of people, according to the experts.
At a North Korean political conference, Kim sharply criticized his government's economic agencies for unspecified passiveness and "self-protecting tendencies," the North's state media reported Tuesday. His remarks follow a ruling party congress last month where he called for greater state control over the economy while also vowing to continue all-out efforts to boost his nuclear program, which North Korea sees as a deterrent to the U.S. and thus an assurance of the Kim dynasty's continued existence.
With his diplomatic efforts stalemated, Kim must start all over again with President Joe Biden, who previously called him a "thug" and criticized Trump for summit spectacles instead of significant nuclear reductions.
U.S. State Department spokesman Ned Price would not comment on the still-unpublished report but said the Biden administration would review U.S. policy on North Korea, in consultation with allies, and would continue to work toward nonproliferation.
In August 2019, the U.N. panel said North Korean cyber experts illegally obtained proceeds "estimated at up to $2 billion" to fund its weapons programs.
The panel said in the new report that it investigated "malicious" activities by the Reconnaissance General Bureau — North Korea's primary intelligence agency, which is on the U.N. sanctions blacklist — including "the targeting of virtual assets and virtual asset service providers, and attacks on defense companies."
North Korea continues to launder stolen cryptocurrencies especially through over-the-counter virtual asset brokers in China to acquire fiat currency which is government backed, like the U.S. dollar, the experts said.
The panel said it is investigating a September 2020 hack against a cryptocurrency exchange that resulted in approximately $281 million worth of cryptocurrencies being stolen, and transactions on the blockchain indicating the $281 million hack is related to a $23 million second hack in October 2020.
"Preliminary analysis, based on the attack vectors and subsequent efforts to launder the illicit proceeds strongly suggests links to the DPRK," the experts said, using the initials of the country's official name, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
According to one unnamed country, North Korea also continues to generate illegal revenue by exploiting freelance information technology platforms using the same methods it does to access the global financial system -- false identification, use of virtual private network services, and establishing front companies in Hong Kong, the panel said.
The experts said they investigated attempted violations of the U.N. arms embargo, including illegal actions of blacklisted companies. They cited the Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation, alleged military cooperation by North Korea, and the use of the country's overseas diplomatic missions for commercial purposes.
The panel said it also investigated "the country's continued illicit import of refined petroleum, via direct deliveries and ship-to-ship transfers, using elaborate subterfuge."
It cited images, data and calculations from an unidentified country showing that between Jan. 1 and Sept. 30 last year North Korea received shipments of refined petroleum products exceeding "by several times" the annual ceiling of 500,000 barrels set by the Security Council.
U.N. sanctions ban North Korean coal exports, and the panel said shipments of coal appear to have been largely suspended since late July 2020.
It said that last year, North Korea continued to transfer fishing rights in violation of sanctions, which earned the country $120 million in 2018, according to an unnamed member state.
Under a 2017 sanctions resolution, all North Korean nationals working overseas were to be repatriated by Dec. 22, 2019. The experts said they investigated North Korean workers earning income in sub-Saharan Africa as well as information technology workers dispatched by the Munitions Industry Department.


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Network Administration: Structure of Active Directory
How Hackers Crack Passwords
Windows Server 2019 & PowerShell All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Networking All-In-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Network Administration: Windows User Properties
The terms object, organizational unit, domain, tree, and forest are used to describe the way Active Directory organizes its directory data. Like all directories, Active Directory is essentially a database management system. The Active Directory database is where the individual objects tracked by the directory are stored. Active Directory uses a hierarchical database model, which groups items in a tree-like structure.
The following sections explain the meaning of these important Active Directory terms.
The basic unit of data in Active Directory is called an object. Active Directory can store information about many different kinds of objects. The objects you work with most are users, groups, computers, and printers.
The figure below shows the Active Directory Manager displaying a list of built-in objects that come preconfigured with Windows Server 2008 R2. To get to this management tool, choose Start→Administrative Tools→Active Directory Users and Computers. Then click the Builtin node to show the built-in objects.
Objects have descriptive characteristics called properties or attributes. You can call up the properties of an object by double-clicking the object in the management console.
A domain is the basic unit for grouping related objects in Active Directory. Typically, domains correspond to departments in a company. For example, a company with separate Accounting, Manufacturing, and Sales departments might have domains named (you guessed it) Accounting, Manufacturing, and Sales. Or the domains correspond to geographical locations. For example, a company with offices in Detroit, Dallas, and Denver might have domains named det, dal, and den.
Note that because Active Directory domains use DNS naming conventions, you can create subdomains that are considered to be child domains. You should always create the top-level domain for your entire network before you create any other domain.
For example, if your company is named Nimbus Brooms and you've registered NimbusBroom.com as your domain name, you should create a top-level domain named NimbusBroom.com before you create any other domains. Then, you can create subdomains such as Accounting.NimbusBroom.com, Manufacturing.NimbusBroom.com, and Sales.NimbusBroom.com.
If you have Microsoft Visio, you can use it to draw diagrams for your Active Directory domain structure. Visio includes several templates that provide cool icons for various types of Active Directory objects. For example, the following figure shows a diagram that shows an Active Directory with four domains created with Visio.
Note that these domains have little to do with the physical structure of your network. In Windows NT, domains usually are related to the network's physical structure.
Every domain must have at least one domain controller, which is a server that's responsible for the domain. However, unlike a Windows NT PDC, an Active Directory domain controller doesn't have unique authority over its domain. In fact, a domain can have two or more domain controllers that share administrative duties. A feature called replication works hard at keeping all the domain controllers in sync with each other.
Many domains have too many objects to manage all together in a single group. Fortunately, Active Directory lets you create one or more organizational units, also known as OUs. OUs let you organize objects within a domain, without the extra work and inefficiency of creating additional domains.
One reason to create OUs within a domain is so that you can assign administrative rights to each OU of different users. Then, these users can perform routine administrative tasks such as creating new user accounts or resetting passwords.
For example, suppose the domain for the Denver office, named den, houses the Accounting and Legal departments. Rather than create separate domains for these departments, you could create organizational units for the departments.
A tree is a set of Active Directory names that share a common namespace. For example, the domains NimbusBroom.com, Accounting.NimbusBroom.com, Manufacturing.NimbusBroom.com, and Sales.NimbusBroom.com make up a tree that is derived from a common root domain, NimbusBroom.com.
The domains that make up a tree are related to each other through transitive trusts. In a transitive trust, if DomainA trusts DomainB and DomainB trusts DomainC, then DomainA automatically trusts DomainC.
Note that a single domain all by itself is still considered to be a tree.
As its name suggests, a forest is a collection of trees. In other words, a forest is a collection of one or more domain trees that do not share a common parent domain.
For example, suppose Nimbus Brooms acquires Tracorum Technical Enterprises, which already has its own root domain named TracorumTech.com, with several subdomains of its own. Then, you can create a forest from these two domain trees so the domains can trust each other.
The key to Active Directory forests is a database called the global catalog. The global catalog is sort of a super-directory that contains information about all of the objects in a forest, regardless of the domain. Then, if a user account can't be found in the current domain, the global catalog is searched for the account. The global catalog provides a reference to the domain in which the account is defined.


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<!DOCTYPE html>

  <title>6 chasing dots</title>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Complete the following sentences using an appropriate verb form.
1. Either he or I ……………. mistaken.
2. Either the boy or his parents ……………… erred.
3. My parents and I ………………. lived here for five years.
4. The council …………….. elected its President.
5. A number of boys ………………… caught cheating on the exam.
6. A number of interesting suggestions ……………….. been made.
7. The news ……………….. true.
8. Each of the boys …………….. given a prize.
9. The chief, as well as his men, ......................... massacred.
10. John, as well as James, ......................... praise.
1. Either he or I am mistaken.
2. Either the boy or his parents have erred.
3. My parents and I have lived here for five years.
4. The council has elected its President.
5. A number of boys were caught cheating on the exam.
6. A number of interesting suggestions have been made.
7. The news is true.
8. Each of the boys was given a prize.
9. The chief, as well as his men, was massacred.
10. John, as well as James, deserves praise.


Our very special day dedicated to BeWILDerdads!
Race in our annual Zippy Races, as dads take on the children to win the coveted title of Champion Zippers! The fun doesn't stop there though, enjoy day in the woods where children and grown-ups alike can play on towering tree walks and oh so Slippery Slopes!
We have lots of fun filled activities, all inclooosive of course! Make your dad a Twiggle Charm to remember all the fun you've had, and leave him a message on the beautiful beribboned message tree on Snack Shack Jetty! Be in the centre of adventure with WILD woodland tales at the Storytelling Stage, and get Twiggled-up with some matching face paint at the face paint pavilion!
We love to make a fuss of dad's at BeWILDerwood!
*One free Dad entry per paying person. "Free Dad" tickets will be added to the booking system closer to the date of the event, so keep an eye out for them!


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From the time of Hippocrates, medical research has always focused on understanding the person who suffers from ailments. Hippocrates famously said – 'it is far more important to know what person the disease has, than what disease the person has'….


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The Appeal Of Mail Order Wives
Details Of Mail Order Wives
Krosky noted that some clients were from small towns, where the dating pool was limited. He is the owner of several Web sites, among them FilipinaWife.com, for those interested in finding a bride from the Philippines.
And by paying the websites you are showing that you are willing to treat the women with respect and that you really care about finding your best bride. While the Mail-Order Bride system is getting steadily popular and stronger, there are still cases of several scam profiles or scam websites. These sites try to take your money and advantage of your profiles. It is because of such scams that there have to be websites to let the people know which website can be trusted.
Instead, her westward adventure transforms her world and restores her faith. She returns to Chicago to fight for Megan but soon discovers God has prepared a victory she could never have imagined. In this sixth installment in the popular Mail Order Bride series, Dorianne DeFeo is a lovely, loyal daughter to widower Franco DeFeo, who works on the docks in Brooklyn. When Franco catches two fellow workers smuggling diamonds, they stab him and he dies in Dori's arms. Persevering through her grief, Dori finds her employment opportunities diminishing and finally answers an ad from Arizona lawman Stone McKenna for a mail-order bride.
The term "Mail Order Bride" originated on the American frontier in the 19th century. At that time, the number of men on the frontier far outnumbered the number of available women, and lonely farmers and ranchers would seek wives from "Back East" by placing ads in newspapers and magazines.
For decades, Western men picked Filipinas out of catalogues, selecting from rows upon rows of hopeful women's pictures printed on cheap paper, like a strange yearbook or police lineup. That dynamic was just beginning to change in 2001, when Leonor became one of the first Filipina women to meet a Western partner online. For the next 15 years, Dan provided her with a more comfortable life than she could have expected, but one where her own needs always took second place. In fact, she was one of many Virginian women who jilted their former fiancés. A few days later, she agreed to marry Reverend Greville Pooley.
This means your search will become even more effective once you'll come up with a concrete desire of what wife you want to have in the future. After having that image in your mind it'll be much clearer what next step you should take. Mail-Order Brides are women who have signed up on a service that lets them communicate and meet with men of foreign countries. They do so in the hope of getting married and settling elsewhere.
Most of these articles hold important insights into starting and developing a romantic relationship with a woman online. The articles were written by on-staff professional psychologists that work directly for these websites.
The Lost Secret Of Mail Order Bride
For example, the price of a text chat starts from 1$, video chat costs in average 2,5$ per minute. So, if you want to have a perfect wife don't waste your time and start looking for Ukrainian women for marriage.
For instance, married women were subject to a legal disability known as coverture, or "covered woman." Coverture held that upon marriage, a woman's independent legal identity was subsumed or "covered" by her husband's. Accordingly, married women in England Mailorderbrides net could not hold property in their own name, alter or dispose of property without their husband's consent , make wills, or appoint executors without their husband's agreement. Any single man needs to get a better than average genuine international wives.
She's always trusted her own instincts over an algorithm, anyway, and she wants a break from it all. So when she signs up to a semi-silent, anonymous writing retreat in glorious Italy, love is the last thing on her mind. All she knows is that he's funny, he's kind and – she soon learns – he's great in bed. He's equally smitten, and after a whirlwind, intoxicating affair, they pledge their love without even knowing each other's real names. The one special thing about the Philippines that has helped it become popular for women to travel there to look for husbands is the beauty of the Filipino women.
The mail-order bride business — object to the term, but there's no sidestepping it — is alive and well in the 21st century. For many brave enough to wade in, though, it can kick them right in the teeth.
Customer satisfactionWe think it's very important to analyze what customers have to say about the service. Every woman who is serious about finding a husband online is registered on these websites. After a serious background check, their profiles are shown online. If the 100% is people, then 3000 of them managed to find a partner online. Now think about that statistic; there are millions and millions of people all over the world.
Asian wife could become your guide for the sphere of tasty and healthier meals. Hot wives typically are derived from other nations, so if you want your spouse for being genuinely pretty, choose young and lovely international bride. In the event you truly learn how to deal with women, you might discover spending a life-long romance with your Chinese bride. Therefore , because of this, American women are strong, distinct, and can be just a little feisty once in a while. You've got to get started searching for an Asian female to attach with so take action today to discover that special individual. a woman who solicits or accepts a contractual marriage arranged by an agency or brokerage after a period of long-distance courtship, traditionally by written correspondence.