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Follow: @mattklewis mattlewis01@gmail.com
Why Trump-Newt Beats Trump-Pence
Ex-speaker can explain away and deflect billionaire's controversies
@mattklewis
'Die Hard' John McCain: Trump's 'Fly in the Ointment' Trump and Reagan: Walking a Different Walk Elaine Chao's Appointment: Sign of Diversity or Nepotism?
Former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich has shown a remarkable ability to reinvent himself and stay relevant, writes Matt Lewis.
Members of the salamander family, newts possess the unique ability to regenerate fully functional limbs in the case of amputation and can even regrow eyes, parts of their brain, heart and spinal cord in the event of an injury.
Newt Gingrich's ability to regenerate his career — to remain relevant for decades, to the point where he is now on the short list to become the Republican nominee for vice president — is no less impressive.
Rather than regenerating limbs, Gingrich's strength lies in his sharp tongue and keen wit.
Along those lines, the National Review's Rich Lowry recently (if inadvertently) hit on the reason Gingrich would be the better pick for VP than Indiana Gov. Mike Pence, who seems to be his primary competitor.
In discussing Pence's shortcomings, Lowry observed , "Trump's running mate will have to be extremely deft at explaining away and deflecting Trump's controversies. There is no reason to believe that Pence will be good at this, and I'm guessing he won't be."
Do you know who is deft at explaining away and deflecting things? Newt Gingrich. In fact, his role could very well be considered "Secretary of Explaining Things." (Chris Christie, who is also thought to be on the short list, would also be better at this than Pence. But he's not as good as Gingrich.)
Nobody else could possibly (re)interpret Trump's indefensible comments, framing them in a more favorable light, making them sound almost intellectual, and then still convincingly manage to make someone feel like a fool for even bringing them up. (Because, after all, the question is silly when you think of how bad the Democrats are in comparison!)
Consider the smackdown delivered to MSNBC reporter Ron Allen when he approached Gingrich on the floor of the Republican National Convention in 2008 and dared to suggest that Sarah Palin's resume was "not something we're familiar with seeing with presidential candidates."
Gingrich unleashed a flurry of verbal punches, insisting that Palin's resume was "stronger than Barack Obama's."
"I don't know why you guys walk around saying this baloney. She has a stronger resume than Obama," he continued. "She has been a real mayor, he hasn't. She has been a real governor, he hasn't. She has been in charge of the Alaskan National Guard, he hasn't. She was a whistleblower who defeated an incumbent mayor; he has never once shown that kind of courage. She's a whistleblower who turned in the chairman of her own party and got him fined $12,000. I've never seen Obama do one thing like that. She took on the incumbent governor of her own party and beat him and then she beat a former Democratic governor in the general election. I don't know of a single thing Obama's done except talk and write. I'd like you to tell me one thing you think Sen. Obama's done."
[ The Case for Gingrich as Trump's Running Mate ]
Now, fast forward to a couple weeks ago, when Gingrich appeared on "Fox News Sunday" with Chris Wallace. In machine-gun fashion, he unloaded on Hillary Clinton, saying, "She was wrong on Brexit. She wanted the 'Remain' vote to win. She was wrong on Libya. She thought somehow it would get better if we knock off Gadhafi. She was wrong on the reset with Russia. I mean, what has she been right about? You need more of this kind of experience?"
When Wallace pointed out that Donald Trump was factually incorrect to suggest that Hillary Clinton was asleep during the Benghazi attack, Gingrich conceded the point, continuing, "OK, I think that on a lot of things people can argue about what Trump says and what Hillary says, but the objective fact is there were over 600 requests for security from Libya. Now, that number came from the chairman of the intelligence committee, not from Donald Trump. They were ignored. The fact is that in the end, there was no effective effort to respond. The fact is, she clearly lied about why it occurred. And again, you had families of the people who were killed who say she lied to them."
They don't teach this in pundit school. (Don't try this at home, kids.)
Look, I'm not saying that a Trump-Gingrich ticket is the bomb. In a perfect world Donald Trump wouldn't be the Republican nominee. In a less-perfect world, Donald Trump would be set to announce New Mexico Gov. Susana Martinez or South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley (they'd have to be vetted) as his running mate.
But we don't live in a perfect world. This is Newt's world; we're just living in it.
Roll Call columnist Matt K. Lewis is a Senior Contributor to the Daily Caller and author of the book "Too Dumb to Fail." Follow him on Twitter @MattKLewis .
Topics: 2016 elections gop-brand messaging oped opinion politics presidential-race republican-national-convention-2016 republicans 2016 Conventions Barack Obama democrats Donald J. Trump Elections Executive Branch Governor Hillary Clinton House Indiana Intelligence libya Mike Pence New Mexico Newt Gingrich Presidential race Republican National Convention 2016 Republicans Russia Senate south carolina


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As per a report by The Verge, app researcher Jane Manchun Wong saw a feature now in testing which integrates Messenger with the native Facebook app under a new "Chats" section.
To give reactions, make a call, send photos, and more, you are still required to open the Messenger app, Fast Company reported. In the tweet below, not only does Wong show off the Facebook app redesign that should be landing in the next couple of months (one which looks eerily similar to the Messenger app redesign), but we also see that the Messenger button at the top of the app no longer redirects you to the Messenger app. "Messenger remains a feature-rich, stand-alone messaging app with over a billion people using it monthly to connect with the people and businesses they care about most. We do not have any additional details to share at this time".
According to 'Down For Everyone Or Just Me', a website which helps online users check whether a certain website is down or not, both Facebook.com and Instagram.com registered downtimes while messages on WhatsApp could not go through.
Now, Facebook appears to be experiencing something of the sort. "We're working on making more of our messaging products end-to-end encrypted and considering ways to make it easier to reach friends and family across networks".
Zuckerberg's Facebook acquired both Instagram and WhatsApp a few years ago and they both have developed into giant platforms with more than half the population of the planet now using it. That is the big question begging for answers-and hopefully it does not become a big issue later.
Monthly payments vary from a little over $500 for the Model 3 Standard Range Plus to $889 for the Model 3 Performance. However, there's a catch - buyers will not get a chance to own their respective Model 3 at the end of their lease.


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Celebs Pulse > Life > What Is The Difference Between A Wizard And A Sorcerer?
What Is The Difference Between A Wizard And A Sorcerer?
By Meghan J. Barrett
Many people tend to regard both a Wizard and a Sorcerer as nothing more than two different names for one thing. While it may be the case in some stories, it not always the case in others. Not many of us familiar with those character type look any further than their names.
If there are any differences between them, what are they?
Let us first look at the title of 'Sorcerer.' If you are wondering, yes it can indeed be used as a synonym for a wizard. But from the information available on the internet, it also may depend on the story whether or not a staff-wielding magician is a 'sorcerer.'
The name alone seems to engender a sense of dread when one hears or reads the word. It is very common to see in books or movies. In Disney's Aladdin, the character Jafar refers to himself as a powerful sorcerer, thus giving credence to the idea that sorcerers are evil.
On the other side of the coin, there are also quite a few stories where all magic users are referred to as sorcerers. The movie Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010) is a great example of 'sorcerers' both good and evil. Good guys Balthazar Blake and his apprentice Dave have to fight against the evil Morgana La Fey and Horvath.
First, let's discuss wizardry and witchcraft in the Harry Potter universe. Male magic users in the 'wizarding world' are referred to as wizards while their female counterparts are known as witches.
Voldemort, or 'he who shall not be named,' was a former student of Hogwarts and despite his nature, was simply an evil 'wizard.' Some might argue that the moment he chose to first do something evil, he came an evil sorcerer.
Harry Potter, though, was the epitome of a 'good' wizard in his own universe. Although the first movie was titled the 'Sorcerer's Stone,' it was simply a marketing move for when the film released in the United States.
In J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of The Rings universe, Gandalf and the other four wizards are far more complicated than they initially appear. They are members of the Istari or wizard order and they actually aren't even human. They are angels or Maiar who were created by the Allfather when he created the gods of Middle Earth.
The powers of those from Valinor (first home of the five wizards) come naturally from their creation as higher beings. While there are others who wield magic as Gandalf and his brethren do, anyone who doesn't belong to the wizard order may be referred to as a sorcerer or sorceress.
Another aspect of Tolkien's universe is how significant it is when a wizard leaves their home to be part of historic events. It means that angels walk shoulder to shoulder with what the author referred to as 'the free peoples.'
Depending on the other stories people may read, one of the more consistent points of a wizard's story is how ageless they are, despite their outward physical appearance.
Other 'Wizards'
Both the terms sorcerer and wizard are rooted mostly in fantasy novels and stories. Thanks to how widely used 'wizard' is, it has become attached to many subjects having almost nothing to do with fantasy.
Rock band The Who, named one of their songs 'Pinball Wizard.' That would also be the 'nickname' given to someone particularly skilled at the machine or another activity such as math computation or archery.
If you have a knack for saving and spending money in a way that earns you even more, you would be known as a 'financial wizard.'
In the computer sciences, there is a digital computer tool used to help inexperienced users known also known as a 'wizard.'
Bobby Fisher, one of the greatest chess players to have ever lived, was widely known as a chess wizard.
It seems that no matter how much time passes, a sorcerer might always be associated with a negative connotation simply because of the characters so widely associated with the term. But despite that, we know from the many stories that exist, there are good sorcerers and there are bad sorcerers.
Wizards, on the other hand, will likely first be associated with good things before anything evil.
Aside from their names and the exact origin of their magic, wizards and sorcerers are exactly the same.
I like the scene in The Wizard of Oz when the wizard admits to Dorothy that he can't send her home. "I think you're a very bad man!" Dorothy exclaims. "Oh no, child!" he replies. "I'm a very good man; I'm just – a very bad wizard!!"
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Jette A. Kuipers, M.Sc.; Fred Boer, M.D., Ph.D.; Erik Olofsen, M.Sc.; James G. Bovill, M.D., Ph.D., F.F.A.R.C.S.I.; Anton G. L. Burm, Ph.D.
THE effect of anesthetic drugs is generally assumed to depend on the drug concentration–time profile at the site of action. After an intravenous bolus injection or rapid intravenous infusion, the initial drug effects are likely to depend highly on blood flow, which is the major determinant of the initial distribution. 1 With muscle relaxants, this could result in differences in the onset of action. In the setting of a rapid sequence induction, this could result in differences in the time to reach reliable intubation conditions.
Because it is impossible to measure drug concentrations at the site of action, drug effects are commonly related to blood or plasma concentrations using a hypothetical effect site compartment. Theoretical effect site concentrations are linked to blood concentrations by the parameter ke0, the blood–effect site equilibration rate constant. 2,3 When concentrations at the sites of action are dependent on tissue perfusion, ke0would also be expected to depend on blood flow. However, in conventional pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling blood flow is not accounted for. 4,5 In contrast to conventional pharmacokinetic models, recently developed recirculatory pharmacokinetic models incorporate cardiac output (CO). 6 Furthermore, in contrast to conventional compartmental models, which assume the drug concentration to peak at time zero and then decrease monotonically, recirculatory models do not assume instantaneous mixing of administered drug and blood and as such provide a much better description of the concentration–time profile during the initial mixing phase. This in itself may affect the estimation of ke0, in particular when drug input is rapid and the onset of action is fast. 7 The importance of adequate description of the initial part of the concentration–time curve in pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling has been demonstrated previously. 8,9 In these studies, semiparametric approaches were used. These do not account for blood flow but are capable of solving some of the shortcomings of compartmental models.
In this study we examined the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rocuronium using a recirculatory pharmacokinetic model and compared the results with those obtained with conventional modeling. In addition, we examined the relation between CO and the ke0, as well as the other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. Rocuronium was selected as a model drug because its onset of action is fast, its effects can be quantified easily and reliably, and because muscle blood flow is likely to be linked to CO.
The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Leiden University Medical Center. The study comprised 15 female patients who were scheduled for eye surgery with general anesthesia. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) obesity (Quetelet index > 28); (2) history of cardiovascular disease, i.e. , hypertension, heart failure, recent myocardial infarction (< 6 months) or the use of cardiovascular medication; (3) diabetes mellitus; (4) immobility, because this may artificially decrease CO; and (5) participation in other studies.
Patients were premedicated with midazolam, 7.5 mg orally, 60 min before administration of anesthesia. In the operating room, electrocardiogram electrodes were placed, and a peripheral intravenous infusion was established. A pulse oximeter was connected for the measurement of arterial oxygen saturation. During local anesthesia with lidocaine 1%, a catheter was placed in a radial artery.
Rocuronium was given as a mixture with indocyanine green (ICG) and autologous blood. The mixture was prepared by adding 0.0385 ml/kg rocuronium (10 mg/ml; 0.3 mg/kg is ED9511) to ICG, 25 mg in 2.5 ml of its solvent, and autologous blood to make a total volume of 10 ml. One milliliter of the mixture was stored for later measurement of the injectate concentrations, and the other 9 ml was put in a 10-ml syringe. The syringes were weighed before and after the experiment to allow calculation of the injected volume.
Sampling was performed from the radial artery catheter. Before the experiments, a 20-ml blood sample was drawn for construction of the calibration curves of ICG (5 ml) and rocuronium (15 ml). During the first 10 min of the experiment, sampling was performed with the aid of a specially constructed computer-controlled syringe pump and a fraction collector. Thereafter, samples were taken manually. The sample size was initially 1.5 ml (0.3 ml for ICG measurement and 1.2 ml for rocuronium measurement). After 10 min, the sample size was 3 ml (for rocuronium measurement only). Sampling started 3 s before injection of the drugs (blank sample) and continued for 240 min. The first minute's sampling was performed once every 3 s, the second minute's once every 10 s, and thereafter samples were taken at 2.5, 3, 4, 7, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min. When the sampling device was used, i.e. , during the first 10 min of sampling, waste samples were taken to clear the system between the samples. Sampling volume was equal to the sum of the dead space volumes in the catheter and the extension lines to the sampling device.
The amplifier of the force transducer and the sampling machine were connected to a data acquisition computer (3T model PS1600, Twente Technology Transfer, Enschede, The Netherlands) for the registration of the events during the experiment.
The concentration of both the ICG and rocuronium were measured in all samples collected during the first 10 min; in samples collected after 10 min, only rocuronium concentrations were measured. Blood ICG concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically at 805 nm. For each experiment, a reference line was constructed from whole blank blood from the patient and known amounts of ICG. The absorption at 805 nm caused by ICG was considered to be the measured absorption minus the absorption measured in the blank sample collected before the experiment.
Whole-blood rocuronium concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector, according to the method described by Kleef et al. 10 These measurements were performed at the Research Laboratory of the Research Group for Experimental Anesthesiology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
For the pharmacokinetic analysis, a recirculatory model described by Krejcie et al. 6 (fig. 1), was used. In this model, the central assumption is that ICG is confined to the intravascular space and thereby defines the intravascular kinetics of other simultaneously injected drugs, in this case rocuronium.
Fig. 1. The recirculatory model used to analyze indocyanine green and rocuronium pharmacokinetics and the rocuronium pharmacodynamics. The parts in the dashed box represent the model for indocyanine green. The complete model is used to describe rocuronium kinetics and dynamics. ClEl= elimination clearance; ClND_f= fast nondistributive clearance; ClND_s= slow nondistributive clearance; ClT_f= fast tissue clearance; ClT_s= slow tissue clearance; CO = cardiac output; ke0= blood–effect site equilibration rate constant; VC_f= fast central volume; VC_s= slow central volume; VND_f= fast peripheral nondistributive volume; VND_s= slow peripheral nondistributive volume; VT_f= fast peripheral tissue volume; VT_s= slow peripheral tissue volume.
where n1and n2are the number of compartments in series in the central delay elements, k1and k2are the rate constants between the compartments in series, n1/k1and n2/k2are the mean transit times of the central delay elements, and A1and A2the areas under the first-pass concentration–time curves. The CO was determined by dividing the dose of ICG by the area under the first-pass ICG concentration–time curve (A1+ A2). The two Erlang functions were fitted to the data using the solver function in Quattro Pro (Borland, Scotts Valley, CA). The data were weighted uniformly during the first-pass fitting.
The parameters obtained from the Erlang functions were used as fixed parameters in a complete recirculatory model for ICG, including parallel fast and slow peripheral nondistributive circuits (each characterized by a volume and clearance: VND_fand ClND_f, and VND_sand ClND_s, respectively) and elimination clearance (ClEl). The sum of the clearances through the parallel fast and slow peripheral nondistributive circuits for ICG (for which clearances equal blood flows) equals the CO. 6 Estimates of the model parameters were obtained by an iterative fitting procedure using the SAAM II program (SAAM Institute, Seattle, WA). In this analysis, the data were iteratively reweighted over the predicted values.
The intravascular pharmacokinetic parameters of ICG were used to evaluate the arterial rocuronium data by adding to the central intravascular model a fast and a slow distributive peripheral tissue compartment (characterized by VT_fand ClT_f, and VT_sand ClT_s, respectively). For rocuronium, the ratio between fast and slow peripheral nondistributive clearances was set equal to that for ICG, but absolute values were not the same as for ICG.
The mean transit time (MTT) determines whether a nondistributive pathway is either a fast or slow pathway and similarly whether a distributive pathway represents a rapidly or slowly equilibrating tissue compartment. The MTTs equal the (blood) volumes of the compartments or compartments in series divided by the (blood) flow through the compartments. The total peripheral tissue MTT (MTTT) is taken as the average of the fast peripheral MTT (MTTT_f) and the slow peripheral MTT (MTTT_s), weighted for the percentage of total blood flow through the fast and the slow peripheral distributive pathways. The fast nondistributive MTT (MTTND_f) and the slow nondistributive MTT (MTTND_s) are the same for ICG and rocuronium.
The relation between the measured arterial concentrations and the percentage neuromuscular block was described by connecting an effect compartment to the pharmacokinetic model (fig. 1) with a link parameter. The relation between effect–compartment concentration and effect was described with a sigmoid maximum effect (Emax) function with the baseline fixed at 0 % and the Emaxfixed at 100 %, using the SAAM II program. Data with twitch height exceeding the control twitch height were not included in the analysis.
Patient characteristics and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters are presented as mean ± SD. The correlations between CO and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters and ke0, were evaluated using linear regression. The pharmacodynamic parameters, derived with the recirculatory and compartmental models, were compared with the paired t test. The criterion to reject the null hypotheses was P less than 0.05.
The first-pass concentration–time curves of ICG and rocuronium had the same shape and coincided when corrected for dose, indicating that no pulmonary uptake occurred. Peak concentrations were obtained after 0.49 ± 0.10 min with ICG and 0.50 ± 0.09 min with rocuronium, which was statistically not different. All patients reached more than 80% twitch depression. The raw pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic rocuronium data of all patients are shown in figure 2. First-pass rocuronium pharmacokinetics varied with CO; the first-pass concentration–time curves of rocuronium of all patients are shown in figure 3. The recirculatory pharmacokinetic parameters of ICG and rocuronium are presented in tables 2–4, together with the relations of the parameters with CO. The VCof ICG and rocuronium and the VSSof ICG were correlated with CO (table 2). The ClEl, ClND_fand ClND_sof ICG and the ClT_fand ClT_sof rocuronium were also correlated with CO (table 3). All MTTs of ICG and rocuronium were correlated with CO except the central MTT (MTTC) for ICG and the MTTCand the MTTT_sfor rocuronium (table 4).
Fig. 2. (A ) The rocuronium concentration–time profiles of 15 patients for the first 30 min of the experiment. (B ) The rocuronium effect–time relation of 13 patients.
Fig. 3. Fits of the individual patients obtained with a recirculatory model showing the first 2 min. Straight line = patients with a cardiac output higher than the mean cardiac output; dotted line = patients with a cardiac output lower than the mean cardiac output.
According to the Akaike criterion, the two-compartmental model was selected for the compartmental analysis. The two-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters of rocuronium are presented in table 5. Figure 4shows the measured concentration–time and the effect–time relations of one patient, as well as the fit obtained with the recirculatory model. Figure 5shows the measured concentration–time curve and the recirculatory and compartmental fit for the first 4 min and for the whole experiment. Table 6shows the pharmacodynamic parameters and the ke0, estimated with both the recirculatory model and the compartmental model, as well as the relations with CO. The ke0for the recirculatory model was strongly correlated with CO. The ke0estimated with the two-compartmental was also correlated with CO. The relations between CO and ke0are shown in figure 6. The values of ke0and CE50obtained with the compartmental pharmacokinetic model were significantly different from the values obtained with the recirculatory model. Age and CO (r2= 0.39;P = 0.013) and age and ke0of the recirculatory model (r2= 0.36;P = 0.029) were found to be correlated. No correlation between age and ke0of the compartmental model was found.
Fig. 4. The concentration–time and effect-time relations of an individual patient during the first 40 min after the bolus injection. The straight line describes the fit of the recirculatory model, and the dashed line describes the accompanying pharmacodynamic fit. The squares represent the measured rocuronium concentrations, and the dots the measured muscle relaxation.
Fig. 5. The concentration–time relation of rocuronium for one individual patient for the whole experiment. The straight line represents the fit with the recirculatory model, and the dashed line represents the fit with the two-compartmental model. (Inset ) The concentration–time relation is shown for the same patient for the first 4 min after bolus injection, and the measured concentrations that were used for the compartmental fit are left open. Note that samples collected during the first 20 s contained no or very small (< 10 ng/ml) concentrations of rocuronium and are therefore not shown.
Fig. 6. Relation between the cardiac output and the blood–effect site equilibration rate constant (ke0) for the recirculatory model and the compartmental model. The lines represent the linear relation.
Until now, recirculatory models, the models described in this study, have not been used in pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling in patients. In this study we demonstrated that the recirculatory pharmacokinetic model adequately describes the first-pass pharmacokinetics of rocuronium in patients. We also demonstrated that the recirculatory model can be used for pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling and is capable of revealing that the ke0of rocuronium, a drug with a fast onset of action, is strongly dependent on CO. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between ke0and CE50, estimated with the aid of a recirculatory model versus a compartmental pharmacokinetic model after a bolus injection of rocuronium.
The importance of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during the first minutes after a bolus injection, especially for drugs with a fast onset of effect, has been emphasized. 18 The inability of conventional compartmental models to describe the initial mixing of drugs was described by Chiou in 1979. 19 Since then, recirculatory models have been used as an alternative to describe the pharmacokinetics of various drugs in animals. 20,21 Minimal recirculatory models 22 and a precursor model of the more extensive recirculatory models have been used to describe pharmacokinetics in patients. However, to our knowledge these specific recirculatory models with their ability to account for the influence of blood flow have not previously been used for integrated pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling in patients.
The ke0and CE50of the recirculatory model differ significantly from the values found with a compartmental model (see table 6). This is undoubtedly related to the inability of compartmental models to characterize the concentration–time relation during the first few minutes after a bolus injection, e.g. , the front-end kinetics. A compartmental model misspecifies the early time course of drug concentration because it assumes the body to be homogeneous rather than a complicated system of tissues and organs in series and parallel. 23 Depending on the model, i.e. , two- or three-compartmental, initial drug concentrations may be either seriously underestimated or overestimated. In contrast, recirculatory models are capable of accurately describing the front-end kinetics. 7 Obviously, inadequate characterization of the plasma concentration–time relation also has consequences for the pharmacodynamic analysis. When initial plasma concentrations are either underestimated or overestimated, the plasma concentration–effect relation will be distorted. This does not only affect the estimation of ke0, but also the estimated pharmacodynamic parameters, as has been demonstrated by Ducharme et al. 9 and Fisher et al. 8 These investigators examined the pharmacodynamics of vecuronium using nonparametric and semiparametric models, respectively, and demonstrated that estimation of ke0and pharmacodynamic parameters depends on adequate characterization of the plasma concentration–time curve, including the initial mixing phase. In this study, the ke0estimated with a compartmental model was nearly twofold larger than that estimated with a recirculatory model, and the CE50was approximately 22% lower. A recent study by Beaufort et al. 24 showed that including early blood samples in the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis of rocuronium and other muscle relaxants in pigs resulted in a significantly higher CE50and a significantly smaller ke0compared with the results obtained with a conventional sampling schedule.
This study showed a significant correlation between CO and ke0for both the recirculatory and the compartmental model. However, the correlation between CO and ke0was much stronger with the recirculatory model (r2= 0.70;fig. 6). When CO was corrected for body weight (CI), the relation between CI and ke0still showed a very strong correlation for the recirculatory model (r2= 0.60, P = 0.002), whereas the relation for the compartmental model was no longer significant (P > 0.05). This indicates that the relation is probably not weight-dependent. CO is known to play an important role in the pharmacokinetics and the time course of action of muscle relaxants, including the onset of action during the initial distribution phase. 25 This is especially important for muscle relaxants that are used for rapid-sequence induction, because the time to intubation must be as short as possible. The onset time of paralysis after intravenous bolus administration of a neuromuscular blocking drug depends mainly on the speed at which the relaxant reaches the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors. Because muscle blood flow is related to CO, the high correlation between CO and ke0strongly suggests a crucial role of muscle blood flow, i.e. , that the distribution to the site of action is perfusion-limited. This in all likelihood constitutes the physiological basis of ke0for drugs that have no diffusion limitation in their transfer to the effect sites.
In the present study, ke0and pharmacodynamic parameters were derived after a bolus injection of rocuronium. It is conceivable that if these parameters were studied during and after a short infusion, the values derived by compartmental analysis would approach those derived by recirculatory analysis, because they would depend much less on the initial concentration–time data. On the other hand, the parameters thus derived may have a limited predictive value when the drug is administered as a bolus injection. Plaud et al. 26 studied rocuronium pharmacokinetics and their relation with pharmacodynamics after a 5-min infusion. The parameters they found (ke0= 0.168 min−1; CE50= 823 μg/ml) are comparable with the parameters obtained with the recirculatory pharmacokinetic model in the present study (ke0= 0.129 min−1; CE50= 876 μg/ml).
Our results showed a significant correlation between age and CO (r2= 0.39;P = 0.013) and between age and ke0of the recirculatory model, whereas ke0of the compartmental model was not age-dependent. Previous studies showed a relation between the ke0and age for propofol 27,28 and for remifentanil, 5 both drugs with a fast onset of effect. Schnider et al. 28 also showed a relation between the time to peak effect of propofol and age, in which the time to peak effect was longer in the elderly. In our opinion, these observations may be, among other reasons, a result of age-related changes in CO. Propofol and remifentanil are fast-acting drugs, and therefore the onset is likely to be flow-dependent. When blood–effect site concentration equilibration is rapid, it is more likely to be flow-dependent, and therefore this could also be caused by age-dependent changes in CO.
The initial concentrations predicted (fitted) by the compartmental models depend heavily on the timing of first sampling and the number of compartments. The dependence on the number of compartments is illustrated in figure 7. The first concentration included in the compartmental fits was the 1-min sample, as this is the first sample included in most compartmental analyses. As illustrated, the three-compartmental model fitted the first data point much better than the two-compartmental model. However, based on an objective criterion (Akaike) and in view of the uncertainty in, and high correlation between, some of the model parameters, inclusion of a third compartment was not warranted.
Fig. 7. The concentration–time relation of one individual patient for the first 4 min after bolus injection. The straight line represents the fit with a three-compartmental model, and the dashed line represents the fit with a two-compartmental model.
These recirculatory pharmacokinetic models have been previously used only for analysis of animal data. 6,29 A difference with the use in patients lies in the fact that the venous injection site and the arterial sampling sites were much more peripherally located in patients than in the animal studies. As a result, the central part of the recirculatory model represents more than just the heart and lungs. In our patients, the total central blood volume (VC) was 1.52 l, representing 45% of the total blood volume, whereas in previous animal studies, VCrepresented a smaller fraction of the total blood volume, 31%, 29 34%, 6 and 32%. 30 Another implication of the peripheral bolus injection is the lack of correlation between MTTcand CO.
Our observations have some clinical implications. As expected from the smaller ke0in patients with a lower CO, these patients generally required a longer time before a twitch depression of more than 90% was obtained. For example, in the patient with the lowest CO (2.4 l/min) 90% twitch depression was obtained after 2.5 min, whereas in the patient with the highest CO (5.0 l/min), who was included in the pharmacodynamic evaluation, this was obtained after 1.5 min. In the context of a rapid-sequence induction, this indicates that not only the selection and the dose of the muscle relaxant are important, but the physiologic condition of the patient should also be taken into account.
In conclusion, this study demonstrated that recirculatory pharmacokinetic modeling adequately characterizes the plasma concentration–time relation of rocuronium, including the initial mixing phase, after a bolus dose. In addition, the study illustrated the role of the CO with respect to the pharmacokinetics, including the blood–effect site equilibration rate. Furthermore, it was shown that inadequate characterization of the initial concentrations using conventional pharmacokinetic models affects the estimated ke0and CE50. Adequate characterization of the initial phase using recirculatory modeling results in a more realistic, physiologically based estimation of these parameters.
The authors thank Dr. J. Swen, M.D., Ph.D. (Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands), for help with the muscle relaxation measurements, M. J. Geerts, B.Sc. (Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center), for assistance during the experiments, and U. W. Kleef, B.Sc., and J. Roggeveld (Research Group for Experimental Anesthesiology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands) for the determination of the rocuronium concentrations.
Jette A. Kuipers, Fred Boer, Erik Olofsen, James G. Bovill, Anton G. L. Burm; Recirculatory Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Rocuronium in Patients: The Influence of Cardiac Output. Anesthesiology 2001;94(1):47-55.


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Tesla Takes Early Luxury Lead In US By Beating BMW In January
Home » Tesla Takes Early Luxury Lead In US By Beating BMW In January
March 9, 2022 / 2 minutes read
Some would argue the comparison between Tesla and BMW is not accurate since the former is not a fully fledged luxury brand. However, most analysts and industry experts put the two automakers in the same category, including Experian. Case in point, Automotive News cites data released by the consumer credit reporting company regarding January luxury car registrations in the United States.
Tesla registrations went up by a massive 49% compared to the same month of 2021, reaching 37,162 units. In the same interval, demand for BMWs grew by 8.2% to 30,563 units. Lexus took the last spot on the podium with 24,483 registrations or 6% less than in January 2021. Mercedes saw the biggest drop, with registrations declining by 20% to 22,022.
The Tesla and BMW comparison is interesting considering it was an extremely close race last year. The German luxury marque ultimately won by delivering 347,453 cars in the United States. However, Tesla was right behind, with 342,412 units sold. 2022 isn't looking too good for BMW considering Elon Musk's company is opening a new plant in Texas and boosting output at its existing Freemont factory.
Courtesy of Tesla, Inc.
Tesla Is A Real Threat To Luxury Brands
It's worth noting the terms "sale" and "registration" are not interchangeable. Why is that the case? Because you can buy a car this month and register it in the next one. Since automakers release sales numbers, data providers such as Experian can only make estimations about registrations. It's even more difficult to accurately observe Tesla's performance since it doesn't publish info on a monthly basis. In addition, the EV manufacturer doesn't break out US sales numbers.
As you might have heard, Tesla is expanding its European presence by opening a new plant in Germany. A few days ago, the company received the necessary stamp of approval to kick off series production of the Model Y crossover. It goes without saying it will have a positive impact on the company's sales performance on the Old Continent in 2022.
[Source: Automotive News]
Adrian is a news editor at BMWBLOG. He started his career in journalism in 2012 at WorldCarFans, bringing years of automotive experience to the BMW news world.
BMW at the 2023 Arizona Concours d'Elegance
BMW Uses Artificial Intelligence To Imagine Rugged SUVs And They're Not Half Bad


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"She laid it out on plates": a Saratov poisoner told during interrogation how she mixed poison into her daughter's and grandchildren's food
Post author:J. A. Allen
The Office of the Investigative Committee of Russia for the Saratov region published a video of the interrogation of a 49-year-old poisoner who mixed poison into the noodles of her 23-year-old disabled daughter and three minor grandchildren. The woman told in detail how the crime was committed. The press service of the Investigative Committee reported that the accused had already written a confession.
The Investigative Department of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for the Saratov Region published footage of the interrogation of a 49-year-old poisoner who mixed poison into the food of her daughter and grandchildren. In the video, the accused tells how she fed the household with poisoned noodles.
"I knew that my husband had poison in the glove compartment, and on the 11th I began to cook dinner. Vnukov asked what they want. They said noodles in milk. I cooked milk soup in this saucepan," the woman says calmly to the camera. — I added salt for taste. When cooked, I put the noodles to cool. When everyone was distracted and did not pay attention to me, I went outside and brought a bag of poison. I added it, stirred it, put it on plates for the children, put it on the table here. And the daughter sat down at the table. I fed them this noodle."
Senior assistant to the head of the Investigative Committee of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for the Saratov Region for information interaction with the public and the media, Captain of Justice Ksenia Litvinova, in an interview with RT, noted that after the arrest, the woman wrote a confession and said that she regretted what she had done.
The representative of the UK said that at the request of the investigators, the court decided to take the woman into custody. The criminal investigation is ongoing.
Tragedy in a large family
As RT previously told, the incident became known after the grandmother herself contacted the control panel of the unified duty and dispatch service. On the morning of December 13, 2021, a woman called 112 and said that her grandchildren of three, five and seven years old and a 23-year-old daughter had nausea and vomiting. Arriving at the scene, the doctors stated the death of younger children. A seven-year-old child and his aunt were hospitalized, but doctors were unable to save them. In the morning they died a few hours apart.
Investigators opened a criminal case under Part 3 of Art. 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (causing death by negligence to two or more persons).
According to the father of the dead children, 27-year-old Alexander Shiryaev, investigators worked out two versions: carbon monoxide poisoning and insect poisoning – a week before the tragedy, the house was treated for cockroaches and bedbugs.
"But after that, I thoroughly wiped everything. This is not the first time we have poisoned with this drug, and everything has always been fine. Moreover, it would be so – we would all be poisoned. In the house then I spent the night, mother and uncle. But we remained alive, "Shiryaev explained.
In turn, the UK told RT that during the investigation, 15 complex forensic examinations were made, including a chemical-toxicological one at the Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The conclusion indicated that the children were poisoned by an unknown substance.
Then the case was reclassified to paragraphs "a", "c" part 2 of Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (the murder of two or more persons, a minor or another person, who is obviously in a helpless state for the perpetrator). Suspicion fell on the grandmother of the dead – on August 3 she was detained.
"According to the investigation, on December 11, 2021, a 49-year-old resident of the village of Alexandrovka, Marksovsky district, Saratov region, being at her place of residence, with the aim of causing death to her young grandchildren of three, five and seven years old, as well as a 23-year-old daughter with a disability due to sudden personal hostile relations that arose, mixed a poisonous substance into food. As a result of the unlawful actions of the attacker, on December 13, 2021, the victims died, "a representative of the department told RT.
An ordinary family
The father of the dead children refused to comment on the situation after the publication of footage of the interrogation of the mother. At the same time, earlier in an interview with RT, he said that he did not believe in the guilt of his mother.
The head of the department for guardianship and guardianship of the Marksovsky district, Nadezhda Solovyova, told RT that her grandmother was the guardian of an incapacitated person – a disabled daughter, who became one of the victims of her crime.
"An ordinary family. Mom did not take part in the upbringing. It so happened that the parents separated and the children lived with their father in the living area of their grandparents, who died. Of course, a tragedy occurred – my grandmother's husband died. The daughter is disabled since childhood. But she was not registered anywhere like a psychiatric dispensary, "said Solovyova.
According to the representative of the guardianship, a psychiatric examination will be carried out as part of the criminal case in order to assess the level of the woman's sanity at the time of the crime.
Source: russian.rt.com
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Where is the Miner's Guild? The Mining Guild is located in Ul'dah, and is Headed by Adelberta, who is pictured above.
Just started gathering? you might want to read our Gathering General Guide / FAQ first.
Miner Gathering Map: Where to find mining nodes?
Mining Node Locations Guide . Pretty useful if you need to grind or find something specific.
What Crafting Classes Benefit Most From Mining?
Please note that almost every crafting class needs items from both miners and botanists(and monsters). The above recommendations are the classes which depend more heavily on mining.
Check our Mining Leveling Guide. Find out what and where you can find Mining Quest items, Mining Levequests, Nodes unlocked per level, and more!
A vast majority of Mining skills and traits are exactly the same as Botanist's. They only affect different types of nodes (Mineral Deposits and Rocky Outcrops for Mining). The only exceptions are the three level 20 skills. In the case of Mining, these skills affect the gathering of lightning, fire and water shards/crystals/clusters.
1 Prospect Survey the landscape to locate mineral deposits and rocky outcrops.
53 Impulsive Appraisal Appraise a gathering node for collectables. Increases item rarity by perception x0.9. Increases item wear by 10. Uses one gathering attempt. 30% chance Discerning Eye activates.
They still haven't updated the levels yet… misinformation abounds.
Yes this is quite an old guide. The other miner resources are much more recent. IE, leveling guide, BiS, etc.
"Mining traits and skills are exactly the same as botanist traits and skills." This doesn't help at all.
Truth of Mountains skill is gained at level 46, Toil of the Mountaineer is gained at level 50.


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Visiting Writers
Developing a Theory of Dope Music
(note: I won't be using a rating system because rating systems are arbitrary. Developing a Theory of Integrity is a must-listen for those who follow any subgenre of punk rock, and is a should-listen for everybody else.)
MakeWar just defined what it means to be in your 20-somethings, figuring out how the hell you're going to pay off those pesky student debts while planning that last-minute trip into Brooklyn or Albany or Northampton to see that cool, local band you only heard once but dug a lot.
Developing a Theory of Integrity captures that feeling of desperation stuck at the back of your throat – the clawing loneliness and despair that is substituted by your favorite line from a song as you scream in temporary glee alongside a hundred companions; people you don't know personally, but people you are connected to in that very moment, enjoying the same band, putting the same emphasis on the same words to the same song.
This album is the sound of the Midwestern highway at 3 in the morning, windows down, music off – listening to the rushing of the wind by your head as all your problems pass through your worrying mind and then keep on going through the back of your skull, because it's 3 am in Ohio and nobody has time for that crap.
The trio of Jose, Edwin and Greg capture so perfectly what it is to be the apathetic college student, or college grad. So confused, and angry when alone, but blissful and content when surrounded by good buds.
Two of the singles they put out before releasing DaToI, "Ode" and "Sallie" are jam-out anthems for the wanderlust bubbling up inside all of us.
"Saving's for suckers I'll buy more guitars," Jose scoffs in "Sallie", nonplussed by the unopened notices from the electric and credit card companies piling up in his mailbox, "Let's figure out how to pay most of the bills, while singing songs and drinking beer,"
The band doesn't seem to have a solution for their problems, outside of alcohol and friendship – but hey, that's all I've ever been able to come up with. That's all any of us seem to be able to come up with. MakeWar themselves struggle with the balance between acting as a functional adult and just getting in the van and driving the hell away.
"I wanna keep living fast. I wanna die fucking old, and I think I want a dog. I think I'd name him Lucky," Jose wishes, knowing he's asking for too much. We all want a dog. We all want to take that next shot of Evan Williams and not feel the repercussion in the morning. We all want to die when we're 100, comfortable in bed.
Jose knows that Lucky is going to have to wait until those bills from the electric company and Sallie Mae stop coming – until the landlord stops bugging you because rent is a week late. Jose knows that he has to be responsible; wear clean clothes, drink only on the weekends, go to work on time, pay the loan sharks on time.
But damn that sucks, doesn't it? "Get in the vaaaaaaaaaan!"
This album is the sound of the thoughts in your head as you lie awake early in the morning, thinking and re-thinking every pivotal decision of your life, and figuring out that you think you did everything ass-backwards.
Developing a Theory of Integrity is a much happier album than MakeWar's self-titled, soft-reboot of their old band, Sad and French. That album was one of love lost and a life in limbo because of it, drowning sorrows in Jameson and banging one's way to apathetic bliss. DaToI is an album that addresses the previous pains experienced by MakeWar.
Tiger Lili is a beautiful song. There aren't enough pop-punk/punk-rock songs about a happy relationship focused on listening, understanding, and burgers ("…and you embraced it/WITH BURGERS!" is an amazingly simple, but powerful, lyric – one which caught me off guard at first, but has really grown on me).
"When I'm with you," Jose declares, reveling the scarce happiness, "it feels like fireflies are lighting up the scary, dark sky,"
Yet Developing a Theory of Integrity isn't optimistic. It's an album of moving on, trying harder, getting better…and never quite sure if you're doing it right, if you're actually improving. It's an album of love and adventure marred by the anxiety swimming in our skulls second-after-second.
This is an album made up of the heart-wrenching, soul-baring conversations we have with friends and loves in the dark, sitting outside as the snow glides down onto your scalp and shirt, mingling with the tears – the half-faked laughter mingling with the abyssal night sky.
Every song on this album is a banger. An anthem, a singalong rock song that will calm the queasiness in your stomach while sending the anxiety in your brain racing along, wondering if MakeWar's solutions will really help you or only make you feel shittier in the end.
And this is an album that says that we don't know what the solution is yet. The cure might not exist, and all we have air band-aids. But maybe looking for a long term solution only stops us from enjoying the time that we have now to party with our friends and shout along to our favorite songs.
So long as we have songs like "Don't Panic", "On Feelings", and "Ode" to jam out to, maybe we'll forget we have these problems for just one more night – one more show.
#NonFiction #20152016 #NickTardive
© 2023 by MCLA Spires.


text: This is my default rep for now.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Questions about Play Therapy
Activity Corner
Home » About Elaine
Elaine Fagan, Accredited Play Therapist
Elaine is the founder and owner of Just Bee Children's Centre. Elaine is passionate about early intervention and supporting children to reach their full potential by overcoming any difficulties that may be having an impact on their overall well-being.
Elaine has been working supporting children and families since 2004 and has over 13 years' experience working with children who present with complex emotional and behavioural difficulties.
Elaine started her career by obtaining a degree in Early Childhood Care and Education and worked in a variety of Early Years Services in Ireland and Australia.
Elaine qualified as a play therapist from the Academy of Play and Child Psychotherapy, affiliated to Canterbury Christ Church University, and received her accreditation in 2013.
As an accredited play therapist Elaine has worked in a variety of different settings including primary schools, early years' services, community centres, voluntary organisations and in private practice.
Elaine also works as a parenting specialist and has extensive experience working in a supportive and advisory capacity with parents and carers who find themselves facing challenges which require support.
BA Degree in Early Childhood Care & Education
Post Graduate Diploma in Play Therapy
Currently undertaking a Certificate in Clinical Supervision for Creative Arts Therapists
Elaine holds professional membership with Play Therapy Ireland, affiliated to Play Therapy International and adheres strictly to their code of ethics and practice guidelines.
Play Therapy International
Academy of Play & Child Psychotherapy
Professional Standards Authority
"Elaine is an excellent supervisor who was an outstanding support in my play therapy journey. She was always professional, accommodating and approachable. I left our sessions feeling supported and confident in my own ability. I would highly recommend Elaine as a play therapy supervisor"
– Trainee Play Therapist
I Pad v's I Spy
Check out our new playroom
Applewood Village, Swords, Co Dublin
info@justbeecc.ie
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First FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus
|Dec 21| 23 min read
SILVER SPRING, Md., Dec. 19, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced today the approval of Ervebo, the first FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease (EVD), caused by Zaire ebolavirus in individuals 18 years of age and older. Cases of EVD are very rare in the U.S., and those that have occurred have been the result of infections acquired by individuals in other countries who then traveled to the U.S., or health care workers who became ill after treating patients with EVD.
"While the risk of Ebola virus disease in the U.S. remains low, the U.S. government remains deeply committed to fighting devastating Ebola outbreaks in Africa, including the current outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo," said Anna Abram, FDA Deputy Commissioner for Policy, Legislation, and International Affairs. "Today's approval is an important step in our continuing efforts to fight Ebola in close coordination with our partners across the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as well as our international partners, such as the World Health Organization. These efforts, including today's landmark approval, reflect the FDA's unwavering dedication to leveraging our expertise to facilitate the development and availability of safe and effective medical products to address urgent public health needs and fight infectious diseases, as part of our vital public health mission."
EVD is contagious and is transmitted through direct contact with blood, body fluids and tissues of infected wild animals or people, as well as with surfaces and materials, such as bedding and clothing, contaminated with these fluids. Onset of symptoms of EVD can be sudden and can include fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. This is followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, impaired kidney and liver function and in some cases internal and external bleeding. EVD has an incubation period that ranges from 2 to 21 days. Individuals who provide care for people with EVD, including health care workers who do not use correct infection control precautions, are at the highest risk for infection.
Confirmed outbreaks of EVD have been documented since the 1970s, primarily in areas of sub-Saharan Africa, where scientists believe the virus is always present at low levels in certain infected wild animals. On rare occasions, people become sick with EVD after coming into direct contact with infected animals, which can then lead to EVD outbreaks when the virus spreads between people.
An outbreak in three West African countries (Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone) from 2014 to 2016 resulted in more than 28,000 cases of EVD and more than 11,000 deaths that were caused by Zaire ebolavirus.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is currently experiencing the world's second largest EVD outbreak. In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the DRC began to use Ervebo as an investigational vaccine under an expanded access program to help mitigate this outbreak. With or without vaccination, it is critical to implement appropriate infection control and prevention measures as part of efforts to prevent the spread of EVD.
"Ebola virus disease is a rare but severe and often deadly disease that knows no borders. Vaccination is essential to help prevent outbreaks and to stop the Ebola virus from spreading when outbreaks do occur," said Peter Marks, M.D., Ph.D., director of the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. "The FDA's approval of Ervebo is a major advance in helping to protect against the Zaire ebolavirus as well as advancing U.S. government preparedness efforts. The research approach used to study the effectiveness and safety of this vaccine was precedent-setting during a public health emergency and may help create a model for future studies under similar circumstances. The FDA is committed to continuing our work across the U.S. government and with our international partners to prevent future Ebola outbreaks and mitigate the current outbreak in the DRC, reflecting our nation's commitment to preparing for and responding to biological threats, like Ebola."
The approval of Ervebo is supported by a study conducted in Guinea during the 2014-2016 outbreak in individuals 18 years of age and older. The study was a randomized cluster (ring) vaccination study in which 3,537 contacts, and contacts of contacts, of individuals with laboratory-confirmed EVD received either "immediate" or 21-day "delayed" vaccination with Ervebo. This noteworthy design was intended to capture a social network of individuals and locations that might include dwellings or workplaces where a patient spent time while symptomatic, or the households of individuals who had contact with the patient during that person's illness or death. In a comparison of cases of EVD among 2,108 individuals in the "immediate" vaccination arm and 1,429 individuals in the "delayed" vaccination arm, Ervebo was determined to be 100% effective in preventing Ebola cases with symptom onset greater than 10 days after vaccination. No cases of EVD with symptom onset greater than 10 days after vaccination were observed in the "immediate" cluster group, compared with 10 cases of EVD in the 21-day "delayed" cluster group.
In additional studies, antibody responses to Ervebo were assessed in 477 individuals in Liberia, approximately 500 individuals in Sierra Leone and approximately 900 individuals in Canada, Spain and the U.S. The antibody responses among those in the study conducted in Canada, Spain and the U.S. were similar to those among individuals in the studies conducted in Liberia and Sierra Leone.
The safety of Ervebo was assessed in approximately 15,000 individuals in Africa, Europe and North America. The most commonly reported side effects were pain, swelling and redness at the injection site, as well as headache, fever, joint and muscle aches and fatigue.
Ervebo is administered as a single-dose injection, and is a live, attenuated vaccine that has been genetically engineered to contain a protein from the Zaire ebolavirus.
The FDA granted this application Priority Review and a Tropical Disease Priority Review Voucher under a program intended to encourage development of new drugs and biologics for the prevention and treatment of certain tropical diseases. The FDA also granted Breakthrough Therapy designation for Ervebo to facilitate the development and scientific evaluation of the vaccine. Because of the public health importance of a vaccine to prevent EVD, the FDA worked closely with the company and completed its evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of Ervebo in less than six months.
The approval was granted to Merck & Co., Inc.
The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation's food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.
Media Inquiries: Megan McSeveney, [email protected], 240-402-4514
Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA, [email protected]
View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/first-fda-approved-vaccine-for-the-prevention-of-ebola-virus-disease-marking-a-critical-milestone-in-public-health-preparedness-and-response-300978091.html
SOURCE U.S. Food and Drug Administration


The 'Histories of Activism' group is currently putting together a website that maps moments of radical activity that have occurred on Tyneside since the seventeenth century. Mapping Tyneside Radicalism is designed to create a space where academics, researchers and local communities can work together to build a permanent memorial to the region's tradition of radicalism and activism.
This entry was posted in Institutions, Integrity and Reform: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives and tagged Collaboration, Events, Newsletter. Bookmark the permalink.


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Q: Why does Python sort put upper case items first? Not looking for a work around. Looking to understand why Python sorts this way.
>>> a = ['aaa','Bbb']
>>> a.sort()
>>> print(a)
['Bbb', 'aaa']

>>> a = ['aaa','bbb']
>>> a.sort()
>>> print(a)
['aaa', 'bbb']

A: str is sorted based on the raw byte values (Python 2) or Unicode ordinal values (Python 3); in ASCII and Unicode, all capital letters have lower values than all lowercase letters, so they sort before them:
>>> ord('A'), ord('Z')
(65, 90)
>>> ord('a'), ord('z')
(97, 112)

Some locales (e.g. en_US) will change this sort ordering; if you pass locale.strxfrm as the key function, you'll get case-insensitive sorts on those locales, e.g.
>>> import locale
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_COLLATE, 'en_US.utf-8')
>>> a.sort(key=locale.strxfrm)
>>> a
['aaa', 'Bbb']

A: This is because upper case chars have an ASCII value lower than that of lower case. And hence if we sort them in increasing order, the upper case will come before the lower case

*

*ASCII of A is 65

*ASCII of a is 97

65<97
And hence A < a if you sort in increasing order

A: Python treats uppercase letters as lower than lowercase letters. If you want to sort ignoring the case sensitivity. You can do something like this:
a = ['aaa','Bbb']
a.sort(key=str.lower)
print(a)

Outputs:
['aaa', 'Bbb']

Which ignores the case sensitivity. The key parameter "str.lower" is what allows you to do this. The following documentation should help. https://docs.python.org/3/howto/sorting.html

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A "virtual window" into separators and vessels.
While DP and guided wave radar level transmitters – and even mechanical floaters and visual gauges – serve their purpose in light, sweet crudes and generally when water separates easily from oil, heavier and more viscous crude oils introduce much more complex layers and less defined levels in production separators.
With tight emulsions, long settling times and severe foaming, operators need better information to optimize separator throughput, and still avoid excess water on the oil outlet and liquid carry-over on the gas outlet.
The Sentech Level Profiler is the only technology on the market able to provide this level of detail and seamless representation of complex separator layers without any nuclear sources.
The process wetted ceramic front end of each SeCaP sensor undergoes weeks of burn-in to close all porosities and achieve a repellent surface. But the SeCaP sensor surface is also exposed when wax, asphaltenes, resins and fine solids deposit on all surfaces inside the separator.
The Level Profiler software is able to detect contamination build-up on all sensors, but software alone cannot remove the dirt and grease responsible for poor measurements. Sentech AS has developed an integrated cleaning system, allowing simultaneous High Pressure jet flushing of all sensors with permanently installed nozzles – without having to retrieve the Level Profiler rod and without having to interrupt production.
A SeCaP sensor ceramic surface coated with Tectyl Bodysafe asphaltic wax (specific gravity of 0.91) before and after cleaning with Sentech AS integrated High Pressure jet flushing system.
Do you have any questions about our Level Profiler?


We are very fortunate at our school to have a PTA that is and has been such an integral part of the school community for many years. In its time the PTA has raised thousands of pounds, which have been spent on improving equipment and resources to enhance our children's education and the facilities in school in general.
But our Parent Teacher Association is about much, much more than just fundraising. The PTA exists to provide closer links between home and school, and it is an excellent way to bring staff, parents, carers and friends together socially in support of the school, working towards a common goal. It is fun too - just ask any of the PTA committee members or helpers. Obviously as in any organisation, there are times when it is more 'challenging', but with the continued support of parents, carers and staff, our PTA has always succeeded in its efforts.
All parents, carers and members of the school community can get involved if they want to, even if they only have a small amount of time available, and all parents and carers are automatically members of the Association when their children join our school.
Browse the Web and Raise Money for the School!
By simply searching the web using the following link you generate 0.5p for the school EVERY time you do - if we all changed our home page to this and searched from here it could make a huge contribution to funds over the year!
Shop Online and Raise Money for the School!
Have you heard about easyfundraising yet? It's the easiest way to help raise money for Thurlow CEVC Primary School - PTA! If you already shop online with retailers such as Amazon, M&S, Argos, John Lewis, Comet, Vodafone, eBay, Boden and Play.com, then we need you to sign up for free to raise money while you shop!
You shop directly with the retailer as you would normally, but if you sign up to http://www.easyfundraising.org.uk/causes/thsa for free and use the links on the easyfundraising site to take you to the retailer, then a percentage of whatever you spend comes directly to us at no extra cost to yourself.
Sign up at http://www.easyfundraising.org.uk/causes/thsa andstart making a difference...simply by shopping.


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Diastylis scorpioides är en kräftdjursart som först beskrevs av Ivan Lepekhin 1780.  Diastylis scorpioides ingår i släktet Diastylis och familjen Diastylidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Bildgalleri

Källor

Externa länkar

Kommakräftor
scorpioides

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Thank you: Amazing support for foodbank Christmas appeal
Published: 8:00 AM January 5, 2021
Mayor of Bideford Peter Christie presents a cheque in the Pannier Market to Duncan Withall, chairman of Northern Devon Foodbank - Credit: Graham Hobbs
An amazing community response to the Northern Devon Foodbank Christmas appeal has ensured more local families than ever were able to enjoy a little festive cheer as 2020 came to an end.
The foodbank has reported a record Christmas after supplying the equivalent of nearly 38,000 meals to families in North Devon and Torridge, a 60 per cent increase on the previous year. Those families included 725 local children who received food and presents.
After a difficult year with the Covid-19 pandemic and many losing jobs or income, many families were facing a miserable Christmas without festive food or toys for their children.
But North Devon stepped up - more local businesses, large and small, than ever before added their weight to the amazing public support; making sure the foodbank had enough resources to be extra generous in these troubled times.
The annual Northern Devon Christmas Fund appeal, supported by the North Devon Gazette, had to go online due to the pandemic, but still saw donations flooding in.
It enabled the foodbank to provide £12,500 in financial support to 269 other local families in long term need.
Chairman Duncan Withall said: "This year more than ever, the Northern Devon Christmas Fund was a lifeline for many local families struggling to make ends meet.
"Qualifying families were given supermarket vouchers, so that they could buy what they needed to celebrate Christmas.
"We'd like to say a huge thank you to our community for their incredibly generous and timely support. The response exceeded all our expectations."
The Park Community School in Barnstaple, which usually donates several trolleys of food, this year ran its appeal online too, raising £869.48.
Teacher and charity co-ordinator Julia O'Callaghan said it had been a fantastic response from parents and students. She said: "But that's what the school tries to do every year with its charitable efforts, we try and help local charities, giving something back for what they give to us."
Bideford Town Council meanwhile donated the £250 funding for its annual Signing of the Lease ceremony in the Pannier Market – usually used to provide free mince pies and a 'secret' drink to traders and customers – to the foodbank.
So far 2021 also looks set to be a challenging year for Northern Devon Foodbank, which covers one of the largest foodbank areas in Britain, some 850 square miles via six distribution centres.
If you would like to donate to Northern Devon Foodbank, or need support, visit https://northerndevon.foodbank.org.uk/


ClassicMovieTime.com – The Little Princess..One of the best Shirley Temple movies! This is a great classic movie to watch with the entire family.
After living a coddled life in India, pretty Sara Crewe goes off to boarding school in England while her father goes to fight the Boer War for his Queen. Though she gets pleasure from the interest of tutor Miss Rose and the good-looking riding tutor who is wooing the teacher, Sara abhors unbending headmistress Miss Minchin. When Sara's father is reported among the dead, the headmistress coerces the girl to become a servant and stay in the attic.
But adorable scullery maid Becky and a kind-hearted Indian man next door make Sara's life bearable while she seeks out for her father, whose death she repudiates to admit. Though she gets in difficulty for escaping her chores, the little princess dreams of a better life as she haunts the veteran's hospital, hoping for a marvel. In the end, her resilience pays off.
There is an embed button on the controls of the movie. All movies on this site can be embeded or will be able to be embeded when the conversions are complete.
I decided to start this chgealnle I also had a goal of sorts, first I wanted to learn how to setup and start a blog and secondly I wanted to see just how many subscribers and views my blog could get in just 30 days?


TheDarkeowl: My Spring/Summer Hair Do!
I only have to wash my hair twice a week, so it makes this hair do quite easy for me. In the shower I use the traditional shampoo and conditioner. I change my products pretty much every bottle I buy, I tend to get bored of the scent after a while. At the moment I am using the L'Oreal Elvive Colour Protect shampoo, and the Elvive Extraordinary Clay conditioner. I'm actually quite enjoying these at the moment and although I'm not too keen on the scent of the conditioner, it is taming my hair a little bit!
Once out of the shower I wrap my hair in a towel and leave it there until I have gotten dried and dressed. I then use the towel to dry it a little bit more until it is just damp and use a taming product. Currently I am using the TRESemme 7 Day Keratin Smooth Treatment and it is brilliant but I am nearly out *boo!*. Then I separate my hair into sections. I plait/braid each little section and once all sections are plaited I use my hair dryer to dry them a little bit more. There is no way I can get it all dry so I just make sure that the roots are dry and that the plaits themselves have seen the hairdryer on each side. This kind of helps set the plaits in place too.
I then tie all the plaits into one hair tie and sleep with my hair like this (I wash my hair at night). When I wake up I take all of the hair ties out and it tends to be dry. I then separate the plaits to make the sections less noticeable. I don't brush it out because I find this makes it frizzier, and then I'm done!
I really love this hair style and everyone has said how much they like it too! I'm really happy that I have found a simple hair do that takes very little effort and can last up to three days!
Do you like this hairstyle? How do you do your hair most often? Let me know!


26. A good job is more than just a paycheck. A good job fosters independence and discipline, and contributes to the health of the community. A good job is a means to provide for the health and welfare of your family, to own a home, and save for retirement. -James H. Douglas, Jr.


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Q: Why is my .Net Core API not receiving data from request payload? I'm building a Angular website with .Net Core API as backend. When I post a new postcode my Angular service sends the data correctly, but my API is not receiving the data.
The edit (put) works fine using similar code.
Add (post): postcode values are null in Code
, postcodes values are filled in Request Payload
Edit (put): postcode values are not null in Code, the request payload of put
PostCodeController:
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class PostcodeController : Controller
    {
        IPostCodeAcces<PostcodeVerwerking, int> _postcodeRepo;
        public PostcodeController(IPostCodeAcces<PostcodeVerwerking, int>p)
        {
            _postcodeRepo = p;
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public IActionResult Post([FromForm]PostcodeVerwerking postcode)
        {
            int res = _postcodeRepo.AddPostcode(postcode);
            if (res != 0)
            {
                return Ok();
            }
            return Forbid();
        }

        [HttpPut("{id}")]
        public IActionResult Put(int id, [FromForm] PostcodeVerwerking p)
        {
            if (id == p.Id)
            {
                int res = _postcodeRepo.UpdatePostcode(id, p);
                if (res != 0)
                {
                    return Ok(res);
                }
                return NotFound();
            }
            return NotFound();
        }
    }

Angular Service:
  putPostcode(id, formdata: FormData): Observable<PostcodeVerwerking>{
    return this.http.put<PostcodeVerwerking>(this.apiUrl + "/" + id, formdata);
  }

  postPostcode(formdata: FormData): Observable<PostcodeVerwerking>{
    return this.http.post<PostcodeVerwerking>(this.apiUrl, formdata);
  }

A: I suppose PostcodeVerwerking.Id is an int type property so it cannot be null. The serializer cannot bind null to the id property either, so the whole PostcodeVerwerking will be null in the controller.
If you want to send null as the Id, you have to declare Id as int? like:
public int? Id {get; set;}

A: I fixed it. I simply had to change postcode in post in the controller to p and it worked.
Wrong:
[HttpPost]
public IActionResult Post([FromForm]PostcodeVerwerking postcode)
{
   int res = _postcodeRepo.AddPostcode(postcode);
   if (res != 0)
   {
       return Ok();
   }
    return Forbid();
}

Right:
[HttpPost]
public IActionResult Post([FromForm]PostcodeVerwerking p)
{
   int res = _postcodeRepo.AddPostcode(p);
   if (res != 0)
   {
      return Ok();
   }
   return Forbid();
}