text:
Inclusivity Leadership Team presents at NCGS symposium
On October 28, Head of School Danielle Heard, Assistant Head of Lower School Tim Croft, School Counselor Liz Joyce, and Middle School Science Teacher Susan Lewis, presented at the National Coalition for Girls Schools' Educating Girls Symposium on "Building Inclusive Anti-racist School Communities."
The sold-out virtual symposium brought together heads of school, administrators, faculty, counselors, educational professionals, board members, and alumnae from girls' schools around the country to discuss the equity and justice issues facing our country. Symposium planners note: "In the face of centuries-old racism, we must first listen and learn, then we must act—with courage, solidarity, and a deep commitment to anti-racist values and ideals. We must build communities in which every member feels an equal sense of belonging."
Members of the Nashoba Brooks Inclusivity Leadership Team (ILT) led a session entitled: Fostering Community Learning and Conversation about Racial Injustice. The session focused on the 28-Day Anti-racism Challenge that the ILT launched with adults in the School community on Juneteenth 2020. During the four week Challenge, participants explored weekly themes and resources on a curated website to confront challenging issues, reflect on personal blind spots, and engage in meaningful discussions with others in the community. The Symposium session included an overview of the foundations, planning, resources, and implementation process for the 28-Day Challenge, as well as lessons learned through the process. More than 65 participants joined the session and engaged thoughtfully in the question and answer session. Danielle Heard remarked: "It was a proud moment for Nashoba Brooks to have the opportunity to share the Challenge, our learnings, and the investment of our community in this important work."
List of 20 news stories.
Grade 3 Meets Author Christine Day
Recently, Ms. Gaffny and Ms. Keady's Grade 3 students had the exciting opportunity to meet Christine Day, the author of I Can Make This Promise.
Digging into Identity
Employees spent much of last week's professional development day discussing identity—both personal and communal.
A Loving Legacy
On Saturday, November 6, the School held an event to officially dedicate the Denault Library Courtyard, the most recent gift in the notable commitment of the Denault family to Nashoba Brooks School.
Liz Joyce Accepted as a 2021-2022 Fellow by NCGS' Global Action Research Collaborative
Nashoba Brooks' school counselor, Liz Joyce, was accepted as a 2021-2022 fellow by The National Coalition of Girls' Schools' Global Action Research Collaborative. NCGS is an advocacy group that helps connect schools and organizations that educate and empower girls.
Dedicated to Discovery
On Wednesday, October 20, the School held a dedication event to officially name the Sureau Family Discovery Barn. While the pandemic limited the size of the event, the community looks forward to a larger spring celebration of this compelling new addition to our campus facilities.
Students Celebrate Hispanic and Latinx Heritage Month
This year our students celebrated Hispanic Heritage Month by investigating a myriad of Hispanic and Latinx scholars, writers, and activists. In the first half of the month, students explored fifteen impactful individuals and events, selected by the Inclusivity Leadership Team (ILT).
Grade 8 Embraces the Chewonki Challenge
To start the school year, Grade 8 students traveled up into Maine's cooler weather. Almost three hours north, Camp Chewonki is a staple of the Grade 8 experience at Nashoba Brooks, and after a hiatus last year, students and teachers alike were happy to return. For years, Camp Chewonki has provided a place for the leaders of the student-body, the new Grade 8 class, to come together, bond, and think about the year ahead of them.
Middle School teacher presents at OER's national conference
In August, our Middle School Latin Teacher Maritere Mix was invited to present at the OER conference for Social Studies educators. The conference is run by the Open Educational Resources Project, "a coalition of educators and historians solely focused on boosting student engagement and achievement through transformational social studies programs." The project is dedicated to providing teachers with high quality curriculum and engaging content to help bring history to life for students. Ms. Mix presented in the track focused on "arguments with evidence." Her track talk considered ways teachers can help students connect more meaningfully with the past.
Ms. Mix explores how to structure activities that support student investigations of primary sources, and helps them to think critically about the past with empathy for the people who lived through it. Ms. Mix's goal is to empower students to make informed claims and to enable them to relay captivating historical accounts. In addition to her track talk, Ms. Mix participated in a live panel discussion with Bob Bain from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and Nate Otey, a fellow in Philosophy at Harvard. She says she found the live discussion "a great opportunity for us to delve deeper into our topic and address some of the questions from the more than 200 conference attendees." This was Ms. Mix's first time presenting in this forum and she admits to feeling outside of her comfort zone. Her risk taking is a great model for her students and she hopes for the opportunity to do it again in the future. You can view Ms. Mix's track talk on the OER website.
Nashoba Brooks Notions: Penny Boat Challenge
Are you ready for a design challenge? This week's Nashoba Brooks Notion invites you to practice the iterative process of design thinking by participating in a STEAM building activity! The challenge is to build multiple versions of a tin foil boat and then test the buoyancy and strength of your boat by adding pennies progressively. Here is a document that explains the challenge and lists the necessary supplies. There is also an optional chart for recording your data and an optional set of reflection questions. We encourage you to work together with your family to build your boats. Good luck!
Nashoba Brooks Notions: Bubbles
This week's Nashoba Brooks Notion: bubbles! Kids of all ages enjoy bubbles. By clicking here you can learn how to make your own bubble mixtures, wands, and even a bubble snake like Mr. Bryant!
Announcing Nashoba Brooks Notions: Summer Reads
We would like to introduce Nashoba Brooks Notions. Each Monday this summer, we will be sharing thoughts, ideas, and activities for families to consider.
This week's Nashoba Brooks Notion: cloudy summer skies present a wonderful opportunity to curl up with a good book! Click here to check out our PS-8 summer reads.
Earth Day at Nashoba Brooks
On April 21 and 22, bright and early in the morning, Nashoba Brooks students moved out across the Strawberry Hill campus to celebrate Earth Day.
Grade 7 Students Recognized by National Latin Exam
Every year, thousands of Latin students across the United States and the world take the National Latin Exam (NLE). The NLE is not meant to be a competition, but rather an opportunity for students "to experience a sense of personal accomplishment and success in their study of the Latin language and culture." Depending upon their score in relation to the national average, students may earn certificates, medals, and may even qualify for scholarships. This year, 31 of our Grade 7 students participated in the Introduction to Latin level exam. The national score average this year was 33/40, which is higher than in past years. We are pleased to report that 16 students received certificates, and 12 of them were also awarded medals (8 silver and 4 gold). We are very proud of all our Grade 7 students for the time and effort they have put into their Latin study this year.
Students Win Third Place in National Documentary Competition
Grade 8 students joined 2,300 6-12th graders from all across the country, creating short documentaries for CSPAN's StudentCam competition.
S'mores and More Winter Week
Our inability to have the traditional S'mores and More Winter Week events this year did not quell enthusiasm for this beloved School tradition.
In honor of Black History Month this year, the School has provided some opportunities for students and adults to explore the history and experiences of African-Americans more deeply.
Nashoba Brooks Announces bold plan to "reVision Tuition"
This week, Nashoba Brooks announced its "reVision Tuition Plan" to reduce tuition and provide parents with three years of visibility into annual tuition costs. The School's plan will cut tuition by an average of 15% over the next three years, reducing costs for families by an average of 5% each year from current rates.
Nashoba Brooks Launches New Online Extension Program
Building on the School's history of inspired education and innovation, we are excited to expand our offerings through this pilot program and a chance to reach new students beyond our School community. Whether you are looking to enrich your child's learning with an engaging workshop or get some extra help with schoolwork, you will meet knowledgeable instructors who bring creativity, experience, and a warm, inclusive approach. Check out our various sessions, and meet our talented team of online instructors!
Grade 8 Students Write Their Truths
Elaine Rabb, Nashoba Brooks School's storied Grade 8 English teacher, watched as another batch of students expressed themselves in their "This I Believe" essays.


Mr Agbemadon has been Togo's EITI national coordinator since 2010 and after being an alternate EITI Board member between 2013 and 2016, he became a full Board member in February 2016.
From 2000 to 2005 he assisted the Commission in charge of writing UEMOA's mining code as chairman of the expert group. He was minister of Mines, Energy and Water in 2005-2006 and as a consultant, he was in charge of relations between the Panafrican bank and the Togolese government between 2007 and 2010.
Originally a mining engineer with a degree from Edvard Kardelj University in Ljubljana Slovenia, he also holds a specialized degree from the Ecole des Mines in Paris.


text:
Bharadvaja (, IAST: ; also spelled Bharadwaja) was one of the revered Vedic sages
(maharishi) in Ancient India. He was a renowned scholar, economist, grammarian and physician. He is one of the Saptarishis (seven great sages or Maharṣis).

His contributions to ancient Indian literature, specifically the  Rigveda, provide significant insight into ancient Indian society. He and his family of students were the authors of the sixth book of the Rigveda. In the epic Mahabharata, Bharadvaja was the father of the teacher (guru) Droṇācārya, the instructor to Pandava and Kaurava princes. Bharadwaja is also mentioned in Charaka Samhita, an authoritative ancient Indian medical text.

Etymology
The word Bharadvaja is a compound Sanskrit from "bhara(d) and vaja(m)", which together mean "bringing about nourishment". the name also lends itself to more than one yoga asana called Bharadvajasana ("nourishing pose") named after the sage.

Description
His full name in Vedic texts is Bharadvaja Barhaspatya, the last name referring to his father and Vedic deity-sage Brihaspati. His mother was Mamata, wife of Utathya Rishi who was the elder brother of Barhaspati. In the Bhagavata Purana, he is named as Vitatha  He is one of the seven rishis mentioned four times in the Rigveda as well as in the Shatapatha Brahmana, thereafter revered in the Mahabharata and the Puranas. In some later Puranic legends, he is stated to be the son of Vedic sage Atri.

In Buddhist Pali canonical texts such as Digha Nikaya, Tevijja Sutta describes a discussion between the Buddha and Vedic scholars of his time. The Buddha names ten rishis, calls them "early sages" and makers of ancient verses that have been collected and chanted in his era, and among those ten rishis is Bharadvaja.

The ancient Hindu medical treatise Charaka Samhita attributes Bharadvaja learning medical sciences from god Indra, after pleading that "poor health was disrupting the ability of human beings from pursuing their spiritual journey", and then Indra provides both the method and specifics of medical knowledge.

Bharadvaja is considered to be the initiator of the Bharadvāja gotra of the Brahmin, Khatris, Kayastha and Bhumihar caste. Bharadvaja is the third in the row of the Pravara Rishis (Aangirasa, Barhaspatya, Bharadvaja) and is the first in the Bharadvaja Gotris, with the other two rishis also being initiators of Gotras with their respective names.

Texts
Bharadvaja and his family of students are 55. Bharadvaja and his family of students were the traditional poets of king Marutta of the Vedic era, in the Hindu texts.

Bharadvaja is a revered sage in the Hindu traditions, and like other revered sages, numerous treatises composed in the ancient and medieval eras are reverentially named after him. Some treatises named after him or attributed to him include:
 Dhanur-veda, credited to Bharadvaja in chapter 12.203 of the Mahabharata, is an Upaveda treatise on archery.
 Bharadvaja samhita, a Pancharatra text (an Agama text of Vaishnavism).
 Bharadvaja srautasutra and grhyasutra, a ritual and rites of passage text from first millennium BCE. After the Kalpasutra by Baudhayana, these Bharadvaja texts are among the oldest srauta and grhya sutras known.
 Sections in Ayurveda. Bharadvaja theories on medicine and causal phenomenon is described in Charaka Samhita. Bharadvaja states, for example, that an embryo is not caused by wish, prayers, urging of mind or mystical causes, but it is produced from the union of a man's sperm and menstrual blood of a woman at the right time of her menstrual cycle, in her womb. According to Gerrit Jan Meulenbeld, Bharadvaja is credited with many theories and practical ideas in ancient Indian medicine.
 Niti sastra, a treatise on ethics and practical conduct.
 Bharadvaja-siksa, is one of many ancient Sanskrit treatises on phonetics.

Epics and Puranic scriptures

According to one legend, Bharadvaja married Susheela and had a son named Garga and a daughter named Devavarshini. According to some other legends, Bharadvaja had two daughters named Ilavida and Katyayani, who married Vishrava and Yajnavalkya respectively. According to Vishnu Purana, Bharadwaja had a brief liaison with an apsara named Ghritachi, and together they had a child who grew up into a warrior-Brahmin named Droṇācārya. In the Mahabharata, Drona is instead born when Bharadwaja ejaculated his semen in a pot. Bharadwaja is therefore directly linked to two important characters of the epic Mahabharata — Dronacharya and Aśvatthāma, the son of Dronacharya. According to the Mahabharata, Bharadvaja trained Drona in the use of weapons. Bharadwaja had two disciples: Agnivesa and Drupada. Agnivesa taught Drona the mastery of the weapon Agneya, while Drupada became the king of Panchala kingdom.

One legend in the Mahabharata states that King Bharata adopted Bharadvaja as his son when he was delivered to the king by the Marutas. Bharadvaja married a kshatriya woman named Susheela. According to the Bhagavata Purana, Bharadvaja beget a son named Manyu also known as Bhumanyu while in the Mahabharata Bhumanyu is born to him by yagnas.

Rāmāyaṇa
In the epic Ramayana, Rama, Sita and Lakshmana meet Bharadvaja at his ashrama (hermitage) at the start of their fourteen-year exile. The sage asks them to stay with him through the exile, but they insist on going deeper into the forest to Chitrakuta, which was three krosha away from the ashram. Bharadvaja gives them directions. Bharata is received at the ashrama by Bharadvaja when attempted to locate Rama in order to bring Sita, Lakshmana, and him back to Ayodhya. He reappears at various times in the epic. According to James Lochtefeld, the Bharadvaja in the Ramayana is different from the Vedic sage mentioned in Panini's Ashtadhyayi.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Brahmin gotras
Hindu sages
Rishis
Characters in the Mahabharata
Sages in the Ramayana
Saptarishi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


According to the 'State of the Connected Subscriber' report, communications service providers are facing increased competition from over-the-top content providers that are shaking up the industry. Many subscribers feel they are not getting value for their money from their provider. In fact, 61% of millennials already subscribed to over the top digital services.


text:
Q: Error in fread with EOF? Trying to access MTA turnstile data rapidly on the following page:
http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html
I've been planning on looping through the page numbers and running fread or download.file to store the data and bind, but on some of the files I get and error. Here are two examples, one that works and one that doesn't. I notice the second file looks a little different:
test_mta_works = fread("http://web.mta.info/developers/data/nyct/turnstile/turnstile_161224.txt", sep = ',')

test_mta_wont_work = fread("http://web.mta.info/developers/data/nyct/turnstile/turnstile_140419.txt", sep = ',')

error I'm receiving on the second one:
Error in fread("http://web.mta.info/developers/data/nyct/turnstile/turnstile_140419.txt",  :
  Expected sep (',') but new line, EOF (or other non printing character) ends field 12 when detecting types from point 0: A002,R051,02-00-00,04-18-14,16:00:00,REGULAR,004575433,001558298,04-18-14,20:00:00,REGULAR,004575838,001558374

Any ideas what the issue might be and/or how to solve this? I tried using fill = T but it created issues with the data.
Thanks!
EDIT
when using fill = T i get ouput as the following:
V1   V2       V3       V4       V5      V6      V7      V8       V9      V10     V11     V12     V13      V14      V15     V16     V17     V18      V19      V20
1: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-12-14 00:00:00 REGULAR 4566812 1555499 04-12-14 04:00:00 REGULAR 4566850 1555508 04-12-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4566875 1555536 04-12-14 12:00:00
2: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-13-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4567968 1555789 04-13-14 12:00:00 REGULAR 4568069 1555842 04-13-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4568278 1555903 04-13-14 20:00:00
3: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-14-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4569148 1556362 04-14-14 20:00:00 REGULAR 4569786 1556420 04-15-14 00:00:00 REGULAR 4569949 1556447 04-15-14 04:00:00
4: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-16-14 00:00:00 REGULAR 4571423 1556965 04-16-14 04:00:00 REGULAR 4571442 1556966 04-16-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4571486 1557049 04-16-14 12:00:00
5: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-17-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4573294 1557587 04-17-14 12:00:00 REGULAR 4573469 1557848 04-17-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4573800 1557901 04-17-14 20:00:00
6: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-18-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4575433 1558298 04-18-14 20:00:00 REGULAR 4575838 1558374                                NA      NA

meanwhile the first file that doesnt require fill = T gives me the following:
      C/A UNIT      SCP       STATION LINENAME DIVISION       DATE     TIME    DESC ENTRIES   EXITS
 1:  A002 R051 02-00-00         59 ST  NQR456W      BMT 12/17/2016 03:00:00 REGULAR 5967477 2022101
 2:  A002 R051 02-00-00         59 ST  NQR456W      BMT 12/17/2016 07:00:00 REGULAR 5967485 2022116
 3:  A002 R051 02-00-00         59 ST  NQR456W      BMT 12/17/2016 11:00:00 REGULAR 5967553 2022233
 4:  A002 R051 02-00-00         59 ST  NQR456W      BMT 12/17/2016 15:00:00 REGULAR 5967790 2022331
 5:  A002 R051 02-00-00         59 ST  NQR456W      BMT 12/17/2016 19:00:00 REGULAR 5968186 2022421

A: Using na.strings as a parameter for fread
test_mta_wont_work = fread("http://web.mta.info/developers/data/nyct/turnstile/turnstile_140419.txt", sep = ',', fill = TRUE, na.strings = "",NA)

head(test_mta_wont_work)

     V1   V2       V3       V4       V5      V6      V7      V8       V9      V10     V11
1: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-12-14 00:00:00 REGULAR 4566812 1555499 04-12-14 04:00:00 REGULAR
2: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-13-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4567968 1555789 04-13-14 12:00:00 REGULAR
3: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-14-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4569148 1556362 04-14-14 20:00:00 REGULAR
4: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-16-14 00:00:00 REGULAR 4571423 1556965 04-16-14 04:00:00 REGULAR
5: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-17-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4573294 1557587 04-17-14 12:00:00 REGULAR
6: A002 R051 02-00-00 04-18-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4575433 1558298 04-18-14 20:00:00 REGULAR
       V12     V13      V14      V15     V16     V17     V18      V19      V20     V21     V22
1: 4566850 1555508 04-12-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4566875 1555536 04-12-14 12:00:00 REGULAR 4567031
2: 4568069 1555842 04-13-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4568278 1555903 04-13-14 20:00:00 REGULAR 4568507
3: 4569786 1556420 04-15-14 00:00:00 REGULAR 4569949 1556447 04-15-14 04:00:00 REGULAR 4569966
4: 4571442 1556966 04-16-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4571486 1557049 04-16-14 12:00:00 REGULAR 4571666
5: 4573469 1557848 04-17-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4573800 1557901 04-17-14 20:00:00 REGULAR 4574676
6: 4575838 1558374       NA       NA      NA      NA      NA       NA       NA      NA      NA
       V23      V24      V25     V26     V27     V28      V29      V30     V31     V32     V33
1: 1555629 04-12-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4567347 1555694 04-12-14 20:00:00 REGULAR 4567736 1555738
2: 1555953 04-14-14 00:00:00 REGULAR 4568639 1555975 04-14-14 04:00:00 REGULAR 4568657 1555979
3: 1556449 04-15-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4569998 1556529 04-15-14 12:00:00 REGULAR 4570176 1556774
4: 1557328 04-16-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4572020 1557392 04-16-14 20:00:00 REGULAR 4572975 1557459
5: 1557989 04-18-14 00:00:00 REGULAR 4574912 1558020 04-18-14 04:00:00 REGULAR 4574943 1558020
6:      NA       NA       NA      NA      NA      NA       NA       NA      NA      NA      NA
        V34      V35     V36     V37     V38      V39      V40     V41     V42     V43
1: 04-13-14 00:00:00 REGULAR 4567914 1555770 04-13-14 04:00:00 REGULAR 4567952 1555773
2: 04-14-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4568697 1556064 04-14-14 12:00:00 REGULAR 4568858 1556308
3: 04-15-14 16:00:00 REGULAR 4570437 1556855 04-15-14 20:00:00 REGULAR 4571260 1556938
4: 04-17-14 00:00:00 REGULAR 4573228 1557492 04-17-14 04:00:00 REGULAR 4573250 1557497
5: 04-18-14 08:00:00 REGULAR 4574977 1558080 04-18-14 12:00:00 REGULAR 4575130 1558233
6:       NA       NA      NA      NA      NA       NA       NA      NA      NA      NA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Set-AzDataFactoryV2 : A parameter cannot be found that matches parameter name 'PublicNetworkAccess' I am trying to disable Public Network Access of Azure Data Factory through az powershell. As per Microsoft documentation, there is a property called PublicNetworkAccess. So I tried below commands,
Import-Module Az.DataFactory
Set-AzDataFactoryV2 -PublicNetworkAccess 'Disabled' -Force

But it gave me below error,

Could anyone please guide me?
My end goal is to achieve below configuration in Azure Data Factory (Connect via Private Endpoint):

A: You need to pass DataFactoryName,ResourceGroupName,location to the Set-AzDatatFactoryV2 cmdlet in order to disable the public Network Access on the Data Factory.
We have tested the below PowerShell cmdlet, and we are able to disable the public Network Access on Data Factory.
Set-AzDataFactoryV2 -ResourceGroupName '<resourcegroupName>' -Name '<dataFactoryName>' -Location '<locationOfDataFactory>' -PublicNetworkAccess disabled

Here is the Sample Output screenshot for reference:

A: Import-Module Az.DataFactory
Set-AzDataFactoryV2 -PublicNetworkAccess 'Disabled' -Force

The above script which you mentioned is working fine. You just need to type the Resource group name, Data factory name and location after executing it like below.

You can see my PublicNetworkAccess is Disabled above and below in the Data factory as well.

My Az module version is 8.0.0 and Az.Accounts module version is 2.8.0 and Az.Resources version is 6.0.0.
So, may be the issue arise due to the Az modules version.
Please check the version of the modules with the command below
Get-InstalledModule -Name Az

Try to upgrade the Az module, Az.Accounts and Az.Resources modules in the portal and check the versions again and try the PublicNetworkAccess after that. It may work.
Please refer Microsoft Documentation to upgrade the Az modules.


text:
Launching H.V.M.N. Performance Supplements
Geoffrey Woo
biohacking nootropics supplements
Nootrobox has always been an iterative project. As new literature and customer feedback refined our thinking, we've made incremental updates to RISE, KADO-3, SPRINT and YAWN. Scientific inquiry and engineering is a never-ending process, and we're obsessed with creating products for our community (and frankly ourselves) rooted in the latest R&D.
Today, we're excited to announce that recent breakthroughs and partnerships have allowed us to upgrade Nootrobox in a major way.
Over the past year, H.V.M.N. has worked with the world's best in sport and defense. Through these R&D initiatives, we collaborated with elite performers to understand how they quantify performance. What biomarkers matter? How are cognitive, physical and metabolic performance gauged? Where are the gaps in products supporting these functions?
H.V.M.N. understands what works for the world's best. That's translated into our products, which aim to enable the best performance from every one of us.
Nootrobox was an idea to deliver nootropics in a box. We've clearly outgrown that box. Our supplement products ultimately reflect performance, and we embrace that evolution.
Moving forward, Nootrobox will be known as H.V.M.N. Performance Supplements.
For a detailed discussion on how we upgraded each individual performance supplement, listen to a special edition of the H.V.M.N. Podcast featuring a conversation between Dr. Brianna Stubbs and myself on how we revamped Rise, Kado, Sprint and Yawn.
Changed adaptogen source from rhodiola rosea to ashwagandha behind stronger mechanistic understanding and higher activity on new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) emerging for ashwagandha
Changed choline source from alpha-GPC to citicoline due to newer RCT data behind endpoints on healthy young adult volunteers
Doubled astaxanthin dosage from 1 mg to 2 mg to be more closely aligned with human RCT data
Increased caffeine content to a 1:1 ratio to l-theanine instead of a 1:2 ratio
Added 400 mg of panax ginseng based on acute cognitive performance RCT data on healthy adults and correspondence with investigators, and removed L-tyrosine, B6, and B12
Increased melatonin dose from 300 mcg to 1 mg
Increased package size to 30 capsules for a full month's supply
Pricing Update
We exclusively work with the highest quality supply chain that surpasses our efficacy, purity, and safety bar. To accommodate for these product changes, our prices have changed accordingly.
Thanks for your continued support of H.V.M.N.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


So, will that happen again this year? Should we expect a little "Garth" or "Garthette"? Will we really have to wait until November to find out? Was Underwood's very PINK Instagram baby announcement a hint?
So, how did she break the news to little Isaiah? Warning. This is pretty funny.


Nutcracker Themed Christmas Decorations: A little mouse army, and mouse king, paper snowflake ballerinas, and pastel coloured nutcrackers make for the perfect Nutcracker themed children's room.
I wanted to decorate my daughter's room for Christmas. The problem is that my kids really play in their rooms, and they're full of toys, books, games, and crafting supplies. So, in Paige's room, I settled for one little area to set up a small Christmas vignette.
She decided she wanted to go with a Nutcracker theme. This was a little challenging, but I love what we eventually came up with.
We started out looking for some nutcrackers. Since her room is pink and aqua, that's the colour scheme we wanted to go with. I found a cute set of six unpainted ones that we could decorate ourselves. Instead of using the paint colours from the set, we did them all in aqua, pink, and white. I love how they turned out, especially the cute little faces and smiles that Paige gave them all.
We also needed some mice and the mouse king. I found the perfect thing at IKEA. These little mice were only .99 cents, and came in white, brown and grey. We got a couple of each.
For our mouse king, I made a cute little crown out of felt and added a few gems. Then, we tucked the mice into and around the little Christmas tree.
For our sugar plum fairy ballerinas, I saw the cutest idea from krokotak.com for these snowflake ballerinas.
They were perfect, done in our colours of aqua, pink, and white and strung up on some silver tinsel. They really were easy enough for little hands, and they look so pretty hanging up.
With pretty, Nutcracker Themed Christmas Decorations for a little girls room like this, life really is a party!
This is so adorable! I love that you decorated your daughter's room for Christmas! The little mouse king is particularly sweet. I have seen those ballerinas and thought of making them…you just provided the extra inspiration to do so! Thanks for sharing!


text:
class CreateLocations < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    create_table :locations do |t|
      t.string :name
      t.string :gmaps_url
      t.string :address

      t.timestamps
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How do I calculate the Hausdorff $2$-measure of a square directly? It is well-known that the Hausdorff $n$-measure (with suitable normalization) agrees with the Lebesgue measure on Euclidean $n$-space. Thus, it's clear that the $H^2$ measure of the unit square is $1$.
However, I cannot find or create a direct proof of this fact from the definition of Hausdorff measure as the limit of the Hausdorff content:
$$ H^{d}_{\delta} (S) := \inf \left\{ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \frac{\omega_d}{2^d}(\operatorname{diam} U_i )^d : \bigcup_{i=1}^{\infty} U_i \supseteq S, \operatorname{diam} U_i < \delta \right\}.$$
I have tried covering with squares and with circles so far, but so far the lowest Hausdorff content I can find is $\pi/2$, which is the Hausdorff content of a covering made of $2^n$ smaller squares.
To clarify the question: find a sequence of covers $\{U_i\}$ of $S$ with so that the diameter of the sets in each cover approaches zero and the sum $\sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \frac{\omega_d}{2^d}(\operatorname{diam} U_i )^d$ approaches 1.
Note: $\omega_d$ is the volume of the $d$-dimensional unit ball. A source proving agreement of this normalization with Lebesgue measure can be found in these lecture notes from CUHK professor Kai-Seng Chou: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.math.cuhk.edu.hk/course_builder/1415/math5011/MATH5011_Chapter_3.2014.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwj975GE_7rxAhWMMd8KHSETDycQFnoECBIQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2ak7RZJQW-6f6Gth2OTBoc. See pages 14 and 18.

A: We work with the open unit square $(0,1)^2$ for ease.
You basically have to use circles as the $U_i$'s, since they are the only shape with $\frac{\pi}{4}\text{diam}(U)^2 = \text{Area}(U)$.
First, take $n \in \mathbb{N}$ large and even so that $\frac{2}{n} < \delta$. Then make a grid of $\frac{n^2}{4}$ circles each of diameter $\frac{2}{n}$ with centers at $(\frac{2j+1}{n},\frac{2k+1}{n})$ for $0 \le j,k \le \frac{n}{2}-1$. Let $\mathcal{U}^{(1)}$ be the collection of these circles.
Perform the following algorithm. For each $t \ge 1$, let $C_1^{(t)},\dots,C_{m_t}^{(t)}$ be the connected components of $[0,1]^2\setminus \mathcal{U}^{(t)}$. For each $1 \le j \le m_t$, choose the largest circle $D_j^{(t)}$ that can fit completely inside $C_j^{(t)}$. Let $\mathcal{U}^{(t+1)} = \mathcal{U}^{(t)}\cup\bigcup_{i=1}^{m_t} D_j^{(t)}$.
Let $\mathcal{U} = \cup_{t \ge 1} \mathcal{U}^{(t)}$. Now, $\mathcal{U}$ is countable, so we may write it as $\mathcal{U} = \{U_1,U_2,\dots\}$.
Fix $\epsilon > 0$. Let $\mathcal{U}^{(\epsilon)} = \{U_1^{(\epsilon)},U_2^{(\epsilon)},\dots\}$, where $U_j^{(\epsilon)}$ is the same circle as $U_j$ except with $(1+\epsilon)$ times the radius. Then $\cup_{j \ge 1} U_j^{(\epsilon)}$ covers $(0,1)^2$.
So, $1 \ge \sum_{j \ge 1} \text{Area}(U_j^{(\epsilon)}) = (1+\epsilon)^2\sum_{j \ge 1} \text{Area}(U_j)$. So, $\sum_{i \ge 1} \frac{\pi}{4}\text{diam}(U_i^{(\epsilon)})^2 = \sum_{i \ge 1} \frac{\pi}{4}\frac{4}{\pi}\text{Area}(U_i^{(\epsilon)}) \le \frac{1}{(1+\epsilon)^2}$.
As $\epsilon$ was arbitrary, the proof is complete.


Q. What Economics Resources are available at the Library?
Economics Data is easy to come by at the Harold B. Lee Library!
At the top there are specific sections. Most data will be found under the " US Data" tab.


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FIGHTING FAIR
"FIGHTING FAIR" is a documentary film that will provide a context-driven look at transgender athletes and their evolving role in sports and society. So many projects in this space exist in a vacuum and deny the larger context that transgender athletes, and by extension all of society exists in. The result places transgender athletes in a constant state of being prodded, tested, examined and scrutinized, when in fact it is the current state of sports and society that needs examination and broader perspective and understanding, especially when exclusion is considered a viable option in dealing with transgender people, or any aspect of society. By revealing the stories of a handful of transgender athletes and the perspective of dozens of expert consultants a learning opportunity is revealed for viewers. This film seeks to set the transgender athlete record straight for a cisgender audience and at the same time being respectful and thoughtful in revealing aspects of the LGBTQ community.
Eban Hathaway
Eban Hathaway lives and works in Austin, Texas but started his audio-visual endeavors in Georgia. After graduating with a bachelors degree in Video Production from the Savannah College of Art and Design Eban worked on the 1996 Olympic Games for NBC in Atlanta, GA. From there he headed north to ESPN and from 1997 to 2004 expanded his experience, knowledge base and relationships while working for the World Wide Leader in Sports. In 2004 Eban founded 13 Productions, LLC and began working for himself with ESPN as a client. As the years passed more clients were added to the 13 Productions roster including New Balance, NBC Sports, Fox Sports, Commercial Campaigns for ESPN, Reebok, Crossfit Media and ABC. Eban has been nominated for six National Sports Emmy Awards, and won the Emmy for 'Outstanding Edited Sports Event Coverage' for his work on the Ironman Triathlon World Championship that aired on NBC.


Today is the Epilepsy Action Campaign which sees people who suffer from epilepsy share their own experiences and photos by raising awareness of the condition which affects over 500,000 people in the UK alone.
1 in every 100 people are affected by this condition with sudden electrical activity occurring in the brain. Diagnoses for the constraint is hard to define with the epilepsy dating back to the Ancient Greeks.
Fast forward to the 21st century and neurologists, who specialise in epilepsy and looks at conditions that affect the nervous system, advice and provide tests to those who suffer from the symptoms. Tests such as electroencephalogram (EEG) which measures the electrical activity through the brain or an MRI scan, which can detect possible defects of structure in the brain.
One of my closest friends deals with epilepsy and is mixed emotions; not only for her but her friends and family not knowing when the next seizure will be and how severe. She cannot lead a typical teenage life of all night partying and clubbing to even the simple everyday things such as having a bath.
Researching this campaign has not only enlightened me about the condition but how important it is to raise awareness and how hard it is for those who suffer. Just by either uploading a picture of an item that's purple or writing a status online relating to epilepsy makes a difference.


The Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health (CEVR) at Tufts Medical Center is pleased to announce that the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) will begin to use CEVR's Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) Registry to help evaluate drugs and other medical interventions.
ICER is an independent, nonprofit organization that assesses the value of pharmaceuticals and other technologies. The organization conducts clinical and economic reviews, which feature cost-effectiveness analyses to help determine how each treatment should be priced to reflect improved patient outcomes. ICER's reviews also reflect upon the interventions' short-term budget impact, as well as contextual considerations important to patients.
CEVR's CEA Registry catalogs detailed information from more than 7,000 cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA), including 18,000 incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, and 27,000 utility weights.
As an efficient way to see how others have modeled a disease: Knowing how to structure a model – for example, what health states and transition pathways to include – is key to developing a credible analysis. Being able to quickly identify and review past efforts may help ICER's collaborators more efficiently prototype the most clinically appropriate models.
As a data source: ICER will gain access to a single source for health-state utility estimates, cost estimates, and other modeling assumptions. By supplementing ICER's own literature reviews and stakeholder engagement, the Registry will decrease the risk that an ICER model excludes an important piece of information.
As a recruitment tool: ICER can use the Registry to identify potential collaborators who have worked in a particular disease or intervention area.
If you'd like to learn more about accessing CEVR's CEA Registry for your organization, visit our sponsorship page or contact Anna Legassie for more information.


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December 29, 2009 12:13PM EST
Morocco: Address Unfair Convictions in Mass Terror Trial
Appeals Court Should Assess Torture Accusations in Case that Ensnared Moderate Political Figures, Others
(New York) - The Moroccan court currently hearing the appeal of 35 people convicted on terrorism-related charges should address allegations that confessions were falsified or obtained through torture and other violations of their right to a fair trial, Human Rights Watch and Adala, a Moroccan organization working for judicial independence, said today.
The defendants include a television journalist and five senior members of political parties that profess their commitment to nonviolence and democracy, among them two party presidents. These men came to be known as the six "political" detainees in the case.
Interior Minister Chekib Benmoussa announced the arrests with much fanfare in a televised news conference on February 20, 2008. The case attracted immediate interest because it was the first time Morocco had accused leaders of moderate Islamist parties of links to terrorism. The 35 were accused of plotting attacks to destabilize the state. The alleged ringleader is Abdelkader Belliraj, a 52-year-old Moroccan-born resident of Belgium with dual nationality.
"King Mohamed VI gave a major speech on August 20 in favor of judicial reform, urging what he called 'consolidating the guarantees of judicial independence,'" said Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East and North Africa director for Human Rights Watch. "The Belliraj trial is a major test of whether the courts have gotten the message."
On July 28, 2009, a Rabat court convicted all 35 defendants of forming a terrorist group, plotting attacks, and committing robberies and other crimes to finance their operations. The sentences ranged from suspended prison sentences to life in prison. The formal charges, some from the penal code and others from the 2003 anti-terrorism law (Law 03-03 of May 29, 2003), included "harming the interior security of the state," "forming an armed group to attack public property," "forming a criminal group to perpetrate terrorist attacks," possession of illegal arms and explosives, forging documents, and laundering money.
Mostapha Mouâtassim, president of al-Badil al-Hadhari (the Civilized Alternative) party and the best known of the accused, told the press that the implication of the six political figures, none of whom has a prior criminal record, was a ploy by those in power to destroy or undermine the political parties whose members were implicated. On February 20, 2008, two days after Mouâtassim's arrest, Prime Minister Abbas al-Fassi outlawed al-Badil al-Hadhari, a moderate Islamist party that had participated in the 2007 legislative elections.
The affair also aroused attention because the charge sheet attributed so few concrete acts to what the interior minister had described as a major, well-funded terrorist network with links to al Qaeda. The alleged acts were limited to one assassination attempt in 1996, a couple of armed robberies, and several vehicle thefts - all before 2001. At the trial, the defendants vigorously disputed the evidence, which largely consisted of their purported confessions to crimes allegedly committed years earlier. Many said the statements had been falsified or obtained under torture.
A collective of families of the six "political" defendants echoed Mouâtassim's view that the authorities had falsely implicated the men for political reasons. Saâd eddine Al-Othmani, then-secretary-general of the Justice and Development Party, the most prominent of the implicated parties, said the "political" defendants were "all known for moderation, rejection of violence and extremism, and for working within the framework of institutions and established national principles." He added, "We are sure that there is some sort of an error...and we hope it will be corrected."
The other 28 co-accused included 26 relatively little known men from various cities in Morocco, and two Moroccans who resided in Belgium. The defendants have all been in detention now for nearly two years, except for two facing lighter charges to whom the court granted provisional liberty.
"There is a need to examine violations of the defendants' rights in the original trial and to ensure that justice is delivered for each of them," Whitson said. "Evidence obtained through abusive methods should be rejected."
Background on the Trial and the Appeal
The political defendants are:
Mostapha Mouâtassim, president of al-Badil al-Hadhari;
Mohamed Amine Regala, deputy chief of al-Badil al-Hadhari;
Mohamed Merouani, president of al-Oumma party, a moderate Islamist party that had applied for but not received legal status;
Al-Abadelah Maelainin, a member of the national council of the Justice and Development Party (PJD), an Islamist party that holds more seats in the chamber of deputies than all but one other party;
Hamid Nejibi, a member of the national council of the Unified Socialist Party (PSU); and
Abdelhafidh Sriti, a journalist with al-Manar television, the network belonging to the Lebanese Hezbollah movement.
On the basis of a confession that Belliraj later said he was tortured into signing, the Rabat court sentenced him to life in prison not only for his role in the terror network he allegedly co-founded in 1992, but also for committing six politically motivated murders in Belgium in the late 1980s. Belgian authorities had never charged Belliraj with these crimes, although they had questioned him a number of times over the years.
The court of first instance sentenced five of the "political" defendants to prison terms of between 20 and 25 years and the sixth, Nejibi, to a two-year term.
The appeals hearing began on October 26 before the appeals division of the Rabat Court of Appeals. Under Moroccan law, the appeals court is empowered to review issues of both procedure and fact in the case before it and can overturn verdicts or modify the sentences imposed by lower courts.
Human Rights Watch and Adala observed several sessions of the trial in first instance, which began in October 2008. To the knowledge of both these groups, domestic and international observers encountered no obstacles to attending the proceedings.
On September 19, 2009, Human Rights Watch and Adala jointly wrote to Justice Minister Abdelouahab Radi expressing concern about procedural irregularities that appeared to compromise the right of the defendants to a fair trial. Moroccan authorities did not respond.
Human Rights Watch and Adala have examined the court's 603-page judgment, made public in late September, and concluded that it does not allay the concerns expressed in the letter.
Concerns About the Court Proceedings
In a case that rests mainly on statements the defendants supposedly made to the police (les procès verbaux devant la police judiciaire), the court made no effort to determine whether those statements had been illegally coerced, despite many defendants' contentions that their statements either were falsified or were made under torture.
Defense lawyers told Human Rights Watch that the defense had raised the allegations of torture at various stages of the proceedings, both orally and in written memorandums they submitted to the court. The court in its written judgment acknowledged that some of the defendants had told the investigating judge of being tortured but said they had not formally asked the investigating judge to initiate inquiries or medical examinations to determine whether the defendants had indeed been tortured.
All of the defendants repudiated their police statements during the trial, most alleging that they had been tortured or their statements falsified. According to the written judgment, approximately two-thirds of them had already done so when they appeared before Investigating Judge Abdelkader Chentouf, many explaining to the judge that they had made or signed the statements under torture or duress.
Several defendants petitioned the investigating judge or the trial court, or both, to order an investigation into their claims of torture, including medical examinations, to verify those claims. When the investigating judge refused to act on their requests to investigate, the defense appealed, only to have an appeals chamber uphold the investigating judge's refusal. The trial court, with Judge Abdelaziz Benchekroun presiding, declined requests to revisit this decision.
One key piece of evidence at the trial was the detailed statement of Belliraj himself to the police, which directly implicated the six "political" defendants, among others. Belliraj initially confirmed his police statement to the investigating judge, Chentouf, but later repudiated it, saying that his interrogators had tortured him into signing a "confession" containing false declarations that he had not made.
At trial - as the written judgment notes - Belliraj proclaimed his innocence and explained that he had initially confirmed his statement before Chentouf because one of his torturers was present in the judge's chambers. The defense asked Judge Benchekroun to summon the investigating judge to answer questions about that hearing, but Benchekroun declined to do so. The court ordered no inquiry into Belliraj's allegation that the police had abducted him, held him incommunicado for one month, and tortured him, or into the allegations of torture raised by other defendants, both before the investigating and trial judges.
The court convicted Belliraj on charges related to both the terror network and the killings in Belgium based on his statement to the police. The court also used Belliraj's statement to the police as evidence against the other defendants, including the six "political" defendants.
The court has a duty to diligently examine allegations of torture whenever the defense raises them in the course of the trial, both to determine the admissibility of the central evidence in the case and to respond to allegations that officials had committed acts of torture, a crime punishable under Moroccan law.
Morocco's duty under international law is very clear - any evidence obtained by torture cannot be used. Moroccan law also affirms this duty, in article 293 of the Code of Penal Procedure (CPP), which states that "no statement obtained through violence or coercion shall be admitted into evidence." The CPP also states that if a defendant or his lawyer requests a medical examination, the investigating judge cannot refuse without providing a reason (article 88(4)). Torture, moreover, is a crime under Moroccan law; a complaint of torture constitutes evidence of a possible crime that neither the investigating judge nor the trial judge can presume to be unfounded. The court must investigate.
The fairness of the trial was fundamentally compromised by the court's failure to investigate the torture allegations before it admitted into evidence the contested police statements that formed the backbone of the prosecution's case, Human Rights Watch and Adala said.
In an effort to call into question the voluntariness of the statements obtained by the police, defense lawyer Abderrahim Jamaï pointed at trial to what he said was a suspicious consistency in the style and substance of those statements, given the widely diverse backgrounds of the defendants. The court was also reminded that two of the defendants residing abroad and a third whose native tongue is Amazigh (Berber) had signed their police statements even though they cannot read standard Arabic and needed interpreters in court in order to follow the proceedings.
Concerns About Arrest Dates and Pre-Charge Detention
Several defendants alleged to the court that the security services had arrested them well before the dates in the police log and held them as long as a month, well beyond the 12-day time limit that Moroccan law places on garde-à-vue, or pre-charge, detention in terrorism cases. During that time, relatives of the defendants said, authorities refused to disclose to the families the whereabouts of the defendants, in violation of Moroccan law.
The defendants said it was during this period of prolonged incommunicado detention that police obtained from them the statements used to convict them. Among these defendants are Belliraj, who says he was held for a month in secret detention after being abducted on a street in Marrakesh; Ahmed Khouchiâ of Kenitra, who said he was held incommunicado for three weeks, and Mokhtar Lokman of Salé, who said he was held incommunicado for two-and-a-half weeks. The court sentenced Khouchiâ to eight years in prison and Lokman to 15.
Concerns about Refusal to Allow Defense Lawyers to Photocopy Case Files
Chentouf refused to allow the lawyers to photocopy the case files before he questioned the defendants. He justified this by referring to the code of penal procedure's article 139, which provides that the court shall make the case files available to the defense but does not specify a right to photocopy them. However, the nearly universal practice in Morocco is for investigating judges to permit lawyers to copy the files promptly. In this complex trial, it was particularly important to the preparation of the defense for the lawyers to bring the jailed defendants the case files so they could review the statements attributed by the police to themselves and to their many co-defendants. Moreover, it would have been burdensome for the lawyers to have to travel repeatedly to the office of the investigative judge in order to be able to see the contents of an enormous file, especially with a large number of lawyers working on the file who could not all peruse it at the same time.
Article 14(3)(b) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights guarantees that in the determination of any criminal charge, any accused shall be entitled "to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defense and to communicate with counsel of his own choosing."
In protest, some defendants refused to submit to questioning by the investigating judge until they could view the case files. The judge responded by conveying to the trial court those defendants' police statements "as is," as if the defendants had not contested them.
Chentouf's prohibition on photocopying the case files became even more contentious when the six "political" defendants finally saw their police statements once the investigative phase ended and declared that their statements had been falsified. Each said that while in police custody, after each had read and signed multi-page statement, the police presented him with a stack of what the police said were photocopies of his statement. Each of the six said he then signed all of the "photocopies" without reading each one - only to discover later that the version that ended up in the case file differed in content from the original in ways that made it more incriminating than the original and more consistent with the statements of co-defendants.
In its written judgment, the court said it saw no reason to doubt the authenticity of the statements by the six that were in the case files. Moreover, the court said, there was already sufficient and consistent incriminating evidence against them in the police statements made by the other defendants, notably those who had subsequently confirmed their statements before the investigating judge.
Concerns about Display of Seized Weapons
The principal evidence against the defendants, beyond their police statements, were two caches of arms allegedly found by police in the Nador and Casablanca regions, which the police statements of some of the defendants linked to them. Belliraj in his police statement spoke of the weapons but before the investigating judge said that they had been intended for sale or delivery to Islamist militants in Algeria and not for use in Morocco. Then at trial, like all of the defendants, he denied having any links to these weapons.
Several defense lawyers said that in the session of the trial devoted to the physical evidence, the weapons were not unsealed in the presence of the defendants, as required by Morocco's code of penal procedure, but displayed on a table, already unsealed. The representative of the prosecutor's office acknowledged during the trial that the prosecution had opened the seals on enclosures holding the weapons in the absence of the defense. The lawyers protested and asked the judge to exclude these weapons as evidence.
The lawyers also asked the judge to summon a weapons expert who could answer questions about the weapons and their putative relation to the robberies and attempted assassination mentioned in the charge sheet, but the judge refused.
One of the guns was allegedly used in an attempt on the life of a Moroccan of Jewish faith, Baby Azenkout, in Casablanca in 1996. Azenkout testified at the Belliraj trial that he had not seen his assailant. The defense team pointed out that the contemporary eyewitness descriptions of the assailant did not match any of the defendants on trial. The main evidence linking some of the defendants to this crime came from the contested confessions.
Similarly, it was the defendants' "confessions" rather than material evidence that implicated them in the other grave criminal act listed in the charge sheet, the 1994 robbery of the Makro shopping center in Casablanca. The defense pointed out that authorities had already announced in 1994 the arrest of the perpetrators, suspected jihadists, and they had long since been tried and convicted. The lawyers argued in court that it was implausible, on the basis of contested confessions, to link the defendants to a 14-year-old robbery that the authorities had supposedly solved at the time.
The Court's Reasoning
The court's reasoning for its guilty verdict against all 35 defendants (charges against a 36th defendant were dropped after the investigative stage) is that their statements to the police, which some did not contest to the investigating judge though all did at the trial, provided coherent and convincing evidence of the guilt of all.
Whatever the probative value of the statements by a minority of defendants who confirmed their statements before the investigating judge, the court failed to give due weight to allegations of the serious violations that compromised the defendants' right to a fair trial: most important, that the police allegedly tortured many of the defendants to make and sign statements that falsely incriminated themselves and others; that the police held them in garde à vue detention well beyond the 12 days allowed by law; and that the arms caches were handled in a way that compromised its probative value.
The appeals court can ensure that justice is done only by fully addressing all of the irregularities from the arrest of the suspects in early 2008 until the conclusion of the trial in first instance in July 2009, irregularities that compromised the defendants' right to a fair trial.
List of Defendants in "Belliraj" Case and the Sentences Handed Down by the Court of First Instance:
Abdelkader Belliraj, life in prison
Abellatif al-Bekhti, 30 years
Abdessamed Bennouh, 30 years
Jamal al-Bey, 30 years,
Lahoussine Brigache, 30 years
Redouane al-Khalidi, 30 years
Abdallah ar-Ramache, 30 years
Mohamed al-Youssoufi, 30 years
Mohamed el-Merouani, 25 years
Moustapha Moutassim, 25 years
Mohamed Amine Regala, 25 years
Al-Abadelah Maelainen, 20 years
Abdalhafidh Sriti, 20 years
Abd al-Ghali Chighanou, 15 years
Mokhtar Lokman, 15 years
Abderrahim Nadhi, 10 years
Abderrahim Abu ar-Rakha, 10 years
Hassan Kalam, 8 years
Slah Belliraj, 8 years
Ahmed Khouchiâ, 8 years
Samir Lihi, 8 years
Moustapha at-Touhami, 8 years
Bouchâab Rachdi, 6 years
Mohamed Azzergui, 5 years
Mansour Belghiche, 5 years
Adel Benaïem, 5 years
Mohamed Chaâbaoui, 5 years
Jamaleddine Abdessamed, 3 years
Abdelazim at-Taqi al-Amrani, 3 years
Larbi Chine, 2 years
Ibrahim Maya, 2 years
Abdellatif Bouthrouaien, 2 years
Hamid Nejibi, 2 years
Mohamed Abrouq, 1 year suspended
Ali Saïdi, 1 year suspended
Abdelaziz Brigache, charges dropped
Morocco/Western Sahara
Terrorism / Counterterrorism
September 19, 2009 Letter
Letter to Justice Minister Radi
October 7, 2009 News Release
Morocco: Stop Undermining Civic Groups
November 29, 2022 Report
To Sleep the Law
Violence Against Protesters and Unaccountable Perpetrators in Iraq
October 10, 2022 Report
"The Court is Satisfied with the Confession"
Bahrain Death Sentences Follow Torture, Sham Trials


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Q: Where/when should the DAOImplementation instances be located/created? I am working on a JAX-RS project, with a DAO layer. I am not sure about which architecture to follow.
For example, let's say we have a ProductDAOImpl class that implements a ProductDAO interface, and a ProductRS class as the entrypoint for the products REST service.
Question 1
Where should the ProductDAO (actually ProductDAOImpl) instance be created?
Options:
A) In each method of the ProductRS class that needs access to the product?
B) As a member of the ProductRS class?
(Can this option introduce data races? Not sure how the container handles the REST services classes - Possibly related to question 2 below.)
Question 2
Should I use annotations for JAX-RS classes, such as @Stateless?
Question 3
What are the best practices for the architecture and class relationship in a JAX-RS application with a DAO layer and possibly a Service layer?
(Any links to study for this topic are more than welcome.)
Question 4
Should the DAO implementation classes provide static methods? (as seen here)
Implementation specific details
Using Jersey implementation of JAX-RS with Glassfish server and a DAO layer with JDBC access to the data source.

A: Question 1
I wouldn't create instances explicitly. Usually dependency injection it is used for this reason - inject ProductDAO interface in your ProductRS class.
Question 2 - 3
Some examples related (although not exact) for your technology stack.
Jersey + Spring example:
https://www.mkyong.com/webservices/jax-rs/jersey-spring-integration-example/
Jersey + Guice example:
http://www.nailedtothex.org/roller/kyle/entry/lean-example-of-tomcat-82
Guice + Hibernate example:
http://www.benmccann.com/hibernate-with-jpa-annotations-and-guice/
Jersey + Hibernate + Spring example:
http://www.benchresources.net/jersey-2-x-web-service-integrating-with-spring-and-hibernate-orm-framework-using-annotation/
Question 4
There are no static methods in the provided link (Should we always use Asynchronous JAX-RS resources For mobile backend?)
UPDATE
It is recommended to avoid static methods in DAO because of difficult testing. Related discussions:

*

*Using Static methods or none static methods in Dao Class?

*How to design a DAO class?

*DAO pattern - use Static or non Static methods?

A: Answer for Q1: Create 'ProductDAO' instance as a member of the 'ProductRS' class and you can use the same instance in all the methods.
Answer for Q2: You can use annotations for JAX-RS classes, if you have state less behavior as your functional requirement then you can use '@Stateless'. '@Stateless' is only needed if you need JavaEE Security on your REST service.


Well now, this here's a dank cellar full of twisted fun. As the door slams shut behind you realise, too late, that the signs were there the whole time. Hee Hee indeed. 'The Coat' opens with an ugly wailing siren of guitar, a sickly lurch into the darkness. Beneath the naked bulb Claw Marks take a cracked bucket and mix filthy garage punk with noise rock and stir in matted tales of the uncanny and unwholesome. It's hot in here, close, they want you to drink deep. The cover features a selection of illustrations, simultaneously cack handed and reductively elegant. The kind of mysterious two colour images you used to get on match books and fruit crate labels. Cheap tarot cards. The central one shows the devil himself performing the old sawing a lady in half trick, only both ends of the box are heads. That'll be for 'Magic Trick', of course! There's an image for each track, but you just let your eye glide over them didn't you? They been down here practicing a long time now and they've got this trick down.
'The Rain' starts with a steady bass swing eerily similar to Grey Hairs' 'Backwards' and winds out into classic rock territory with some nice organ and 'wooh, wooh' 'Sympathy..' type backing vocals. It gets such a head of steam going that when it stops just after the five minute mark it feels as if they've shut it off early. By contrast 'King Of Love' is a short and driving punk rock tantrum. There's even a dash of Dead Kennedy's surf punk in both the brawling, sodden 'Temple Of Wine' and 'Bone Dance'. The latter a tragically missed opportunity for some go-go handclaps if ever I heard one.
Claw Marks was born in the Texan desert, of members of Human Hair and Boneyards. They wanted to get heavier, weirder, more aggressive. To make records that sounded like The Jesus Lizard but not take themselves too seriously. I don't know about you friends but whenever I see the names Jesus Lizard or Birthday Party in the promo hype for a new band my cold, dark, heart just sinks and it hardens against them. I've endured too many wannabes and pale shadows, missing the point. Claw Marks have slowly won me over though. Partly because there's a noticeable but not embarrassing amount of influence in there but mostly because they have the sense to mix it with a lighter b-movie horror sensibility and their own song writing strengths. There's something about them that reminds me of AmRep greats like Cows or God Bullies as well.
If Jack Lantern isn't a stage name his parents sure had a sense of humour but either way he channels an odd mix of drunk preacher and Jello Biafra on 'Book Of Vermin.' He gets his bible thump on for '10,000 Commandments' a curious sermon that falls far short of the number in the title, perhaps most pertinently railing "thou shalt not steal thy father's drink". For 'Horrible Mess' a drum machine kicks off a swaying pirate shanty. It's got strumming and chanting, some unexpected sighing female backing vocals and a howling noise guitar solo in the middle. Beaten and weighed down in regret "what a horrible mess, I've become", it seems a good note to end on but they aren't having a bit of it, Lantern wipes his mouth on his sleeve and heads back to the bar. 'Swallow U' roars up, a surreal tale of a man going Godzilla down the street and eating everything he sees as he goes. It ends in a storm of noise and a resigned chant of "it comes as no surprise". I was surprised they managed it though, or was I? Like the old sawing the lady in half trick, deep down you know it'll be fine and yet somehow you're still impressed by the way it's done.


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Earth may have recently destroyed one of its own minimoons
There's probably a 1-yard-wide space rock orbiting Earth at any given time. And now, astronomers think they've spotted one burning up in our atmosphere.
By Erika K. Carlson | Published: Tuesday, November 26, 2019
RELATED TOPICS: EARTH | MOONS | METEOR
Meteors are both common and beautiful. But bright fireballs, like the one illustrated here, are much more rare.
Vadim Sadovski/Shutterstock, with elements from NASA
The Moon is probably not Earth's only natural satellite right now. Our planet's gravity regularly captures small space rocks and pulls them into orbit. Astronomers estimate that there's probably a 1-yard-wide "minimoon" orbiting Earth at any given time.
And now, a team of researchers in Australia think they actually spotted one burning up in Earth's atmosphere in 2016 as a particularly bright meteor, or fireball. It's only the second fireball that scientists suspect came from a minimoon. The team presented their findings in a recent paper published in The Astronomical Journal.
The minimoons next door
Astronomers haven't had much more luck finding minimoons in orbit, either. So far, scientists have just spotted one while it was still circling Earth. Starting in 2006, a tiny asteroid called 2006 RH120 stuck around for about 11 months before leaving the Earth-moon system.
However, researchers expect they'll find more of these temporary moons in the coming years. The upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will create regular maps of the night sky, turning up faint and transient events in its surveys.
Though rare, minimoons are so appealing to researchers because they are the closest space rocks to Earth.
"Minimoons are really awesome because they are the most accessible object to get to from Earth in the solar system," Shober said. This means it will take less energy or fuel to reach these objects than it would for other space rocks — whether for sample return missions, tests of asteroid redirection technologies or resource mining.
Six cameras within the Desert Fireball Network in Australia spotted a fireball that likely came from a minimoon that entered Earth's atmosphere in August 2016.
Shober et al. 2019
Finding Fireballs
Australia's Desert Fireball Network is a group of automated cameras that constantly watches the skies for fireballs and captures their flight paths on camera. Researchers use this information to calculate the objects' trajectories and see where a meteorite may have hit the ground. They can also use the data to estimate the fireball's path before entering Earth's atmosphere, as researchers did for the new paper.
But it's still far from easy to find minimoon fireballs.
"It is an extremely rare event that only the largest fireball networks in the world would have a chance of observing," said Patrick Shober, a planetary scientist at Curtin University in Australia and an author of the new paper.
Read More: What if the Moon Disappeared Tomorrow?
Of the fireballs their network has observed, this is the only one suspected to have come from an object that was in orbit, the paper's authors said. And it's also only the second probable minimoon fireball ever spotted. The first was detected by a similar fireball-monitoring network in Europe in January 2014.
Meteorite impact 2 billion years ago may have ended an ice age
Crater found from asteroid that covered 10% of Earth's surface in debris
Jupiter's Galilean moons likely formed bit by bit from pebbles
What if the Moon disappeared tomorrow?
A weird, orbital dance keeps these moons of Neptune safely on track
Did colliding space rocks change the climate for ancient humans?
Jupiter shields Europa from cosmic rays that could erase evidence of life
20 new moons discovered orbiting Saturn
Giant volcano on Jupiter's moon Io could erupt any second


Their lack of communications disturbs me.
Something is amiss. Or afoot. Or anomalous.
Twitter and Facebook: Sir Dhahii better watch his back.
Homunculus seems to be truly back in action. And almost is positive about something: Charlie Brooker. What next? Backrubs for Chris Morris?
Gurgles from the Pool of Embellished Cyber-nuns suggest that the Homunculus may be back from his travels.
Just because he's the webmaster here and occasional "backing lyricist" for Mungolian Jet Set, he thinks he can write this piffle.
And my activities in the Pool of Embellished Cyber-nuns are none of anybody's business.


Formed in 2015 to extend the Live Nation brand, the production company has been ramping up with music-driven projects. Upcoming is the Bradley Cooper-directed A Star Is Born with Lady Gaga, and the Wiz Khalifa, French Montana and Kyle Harvey-starrer The After Party. This comes after the docu Believer, about Imagine Dragons frontman Dan Reynolds' exploration of the relationship to how the church ostracizes LGBTQ members to the high rate of suicide among them; the Lady Gaga docu Gaga: Five Foot Two; the Sean Diddy Combs docu Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story; and the Colin Hanks-directed docu Eagles of Death Metal: Nos Amis, about the American rock band's return to Paris following the tragic terrorist attack on audiences at their concert.
Stein most recently was under a producing deal at Sony. He had been an exec in Sony Pictures International Productions, and spent a dozen years working for Dimension Films and rose to exec veep status. He was the exec in charge of such films as Scream 4, Halloween, Halloween 2, Apollo 18, Hellride, and Superhero Movie.
Kroft joins Live Nation Productions after a 20-year career at Viacom, where he most recently served as senior veep of events and specials for MTV, VH1 and Logo. That included live events like the Video Music Awards and MTV Movie Awards red carpets, MTV Woodie Awards, VH1 Divas, Hip Hop Honors, Dear Mama, Trailblazer Honors and Logo's New Now Next Awards. Documentaries included The T Word with Laverne Cox, Demi Lovato: Stay Strong and Lady Gaga: Inside the Outside. Kroft also developed such series as MTV's When I was 17, Todrick, and How I Made It. Kroft began his career as a production assistant for Parry in 1998 when she was a producer at MTV.


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Approfondimenti,News
Best of the Fest: Il Cinema Ritrovato
After two COVID-struck years in which Il Cinema Ritrovato scrabbled on in restrictive and restricted capacities, the festival came back in full fashion this year. Set in Bologna, home to one of the oldest universities in the world, it's appropriate that this festival should be so focused on film history itself – on reframing, re-shaping and rediscovering the canon of cinema. As a result, the crowd is appropriately cinephiliac, bringing together critics, curators, archivists, scholars and just plain old enthusiasts.
The festival headliners hit up the grand outdoor screenings at the Piazza Maggiore, which culminated on the Sunday with some 10,000 people enjoying a screening of The Blues Brothers (John Landis, 1980). Whilst the Maggiore screens many of the festival's more populist fare, it's further down in the programme that you'll find many of the great treasures hidden away. If Cannes, Berlin et al. are where the future of cinema is dreamed up, here is where you'll find the past reimagined.
Fedor Tot reflects on this year's incarnation of the Italian festival dedicated to rediscovering and reframing the cinema of the past.
Tag: Il Cinema Ritrovato 2022, rassegna stampa


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Durbin: Now Is The Time To Confirm Dr. Vivek Murthy As Surgeon General
[WASHINGTON, DC]. – U.S. Senator Dick Durbin (D-IL) took to the Senate Floor today in support of the nomination of Dr. Vivek Murthy as Surgeon General. Durbin praised Dr. Murthy for his dedication to fighting obesity, tobacco related diseases, and other chronic diseases that account for 7 out of the top 10 causes for death in America and make up for 84 percent of America's health care costs. Dr. Murthy's nomination is supported by over 100 public health and medical organizations including the American College of Physicians, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Public Health Association, the American Hospital Association, the American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, and the American Diabetes Association.
"This past year, Americans have battled public health crises on all fronts. Here at home, parents watched while a severe strain of enterovirus spread from state to state, threatening the lives of young children. Abroad, we still face the worst Ebola epidemic in history. With over 6,300 deaths, and many more diagnosed with this devastating disease, now, more than ever, Americans need a top doctor. Dr. Vivek Murthy is that doctor," Durbin said.
"I know that the Indian-American community is very proud of Dr. Murthy's accomplishments, as all of us should be. I hope my colleagues will join me in voting for this outstanding nominee to be our next Surgeon General. There's a lot of work to do, and I can think of no better doctor to do it.
Durbin's full speech, as prepared for delivery can be found below.
Video of Durbin's speech is available here.
Audio of Durbin's speech is available here.
Footage of Durbin's full speech is available for TV Stations using FTP in high definition here and in standard definition here.
Surgeon General Nominee Dr. Vivek Murthy
This past year, Americans have battled public health crises on all fronts.
Here at home, parents watched while a severe strain of enterovirus spread from state to state, threatening the lives of young children.
Illinois was one of the hardest hit. I heard from doctors across my state that the minute they discharged one child with respiratory symptoms from the emergency room, another one came in.
Abroad, we still face the worst Ebola epidemic in history.
With over 6,300 deaths, and many more diagnosed with this devastating disease, now, more than ever, Americans need a top doctor.
Dr. Vivek Murthy is that doctor, and I am proud to vote for him as the next U.S. Surgeon General.
I hope that you will do the same.
Dr. Murthy is an attending physician at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and an instructor at Harvard Medical School.
Part of what's extraordinary about him is that as well as treating his patients individually, he also thinks about the systemic issues affecting the health of his patients and strives to tackle those too.
He is a leading voice in public health, publishing his research on the participation of women and minorities in cancer clinical trials in top journals including Science, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
Dr. Murthy also co-founded and chairs Trial Networks, a software company that helps clinical researchers collaborate more effectively and efficiently with drug developers to speed up drug discovery.
In 2011, Murthy was appointed to the Advisory Group on Prevention, Health Promotion, and Integrative and Public Health.
Over 100 national, state and local public health organizations have endorsed Dr. Murthy's nomination, describing him as "a well-qualified, forward-thinking and innovative leader with a strong commitment to public health."
The organizations that support Dr. Murthy's nomination include the American College of Physicians, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Public Health Association, the American Hospital Association, the American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, the American Diabetes Association, and many more.
In his confirmation hearing before the Senate HELP Committee last February, Dr. Murthy stated that, if confirmed, he would prioritize his efforts on obesity and tobacco-related disease, and "make prevention and health promotion the backbone of our communities."
This is something Dr. Murthy and I have in common.
For the past thirty years, I've fought to reduce youth smoking, implement programs to help people quit, and rein in the most insidious practices of the tobacco industry.
Moreover, as co-chair of the Senate Hunger Caucus, I've become intimately familiar with the complex—and arguably unjust—way food is distributed and consumed with our country—leaving communities, including many in Illinois, simultaneously facing high levels of food insecurity and high rates of obesity.
Obesity and tobacco-related diseases are a part of a growing trend of chronic diseases that account for 7 out of the top 10 causes of death in America and make up 84 percent of America's health care costs.
This is unacceptable.
I believe Dr. Murthy understands the importance of the national crises before him, and feel confident that his experiences, his training, and his tenacity have provided him the qualifications he needs to tackle these issues, and the many more he's sure to face, head-on.
Not only is Dr. Murthy an outstanding doctor and public health expert, but he also remains closely connected to his community and family.
Dr. Murthy was born to parents who are originally from South India. He came to the United States when he was three years old and grew up in Miami, Florida.
He did pretty well at school- he was valedictorian of his high school, and graduated magna cum laude from Harvard in just three years. He then got a combined medical and business degree from Yale.
From a very early age, Dr. Murthy has focused on giving back.
In 1995, he co-founded Visions Worldwide, a nonprofit organization that conducts and supports HIV/AIDS education and empowerment programs in India. Until 2003, he served as its President, followed by Board chair.
He's a dedicated uncle and friend, consistently described by those who know him as humble, soft-spoken, and a tireless worker.
I know that the Indian-American community is very proud of Dr. Murthy's accomplishments, as all of us should be.
I hope my colleagues will join me in voting for this outstanding nominee to be our next Surgeon General.
There's a lot of work to do, and I can think of no better doctor to do it.


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Neodipara hispanica är en stekelart som beskrevs av Karl-Johan Hedqvist 1971. Neodipara hispanica ingår i släktet Neodipara och familjen puppglanssteklar.

Artens utbredningsområde är Spanien. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Puppglanssteklar
hispanica


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Why a body always rotate about its center of mass? [duplicate]
Do objects rotate around the torque vector or its center? 2 answers
I found after searching that This question has been asked before . But all the answers were not convincing.
Suppose I have a body which is free, not constrained always rotate about its center of mass. Why is that so? A convincing answer that I found was that in most cases moment of inertial about center of mass is the least and that's why the body rotates about the center of mass.
But I ask it again with hope of the question not getting closed and getting a better succint answer.
I was thinking that motion about the COM is the most stable one and the rotation about other points degenerates. I don't think it's right . Is it ?
rotational-dynamics reference-frames
Shashaank
ShashaankShashaank
marked as duplicate by ja72, Jon Custer, M. Enns, David Hammen, Kyle Kanos Aug 1 '17 at 11:38
$\begingroup$ Because it happens to rotate about a point - and that point is named Centre of mass. I guess your actual question is: why is there such a point at all? $\endgroup$ – Steeven Feb 12 '17 at 16:01
$\begingroup$ Related: physics.stackexchange.com/q/53465/2451 , physics.stackexchange.com/q/81029/2451 and links therein. $\endgroup$ – Qmechanic♦ Feb 12 '17 at 16:01
$\begingroup$ What were the answers which you found "unconvincing"? Why were they "unconvincing"? You need to explain, and to provide links. $\endgroup$ – sammy gerbil Feb 12 '17 at 19:42
$\begingroup$ @Steeven : The question Why does the body rotate about some point? is the same as asking Why does the body rotate at all? $\endgroup$ – sammy gerbil Feb 12 '17 at 19:46
$\begingroup$ If you cannot state objectively what you mean by convincing/unconvincing then how can anyone know that their answer will satisfy you? $\endgroup$ – sammy gerbil Feb 12 '17 at 19:50
You presumably already know that in the absence of external forces, the center of mass of any collection of particles moves at a constant velocity. This is true whether they are stuck together in a single body or are just a bunch of separate bodies with or without interactions between them. We now move to a frame of reference moving at that velocity. In that frame the CofM is stationary.
Now suppose that the particles are indeed stuck together to form a rigid body. We see that the body is moving so that: 1) the CofM remains fixed, 2) all the distances between the particles are fixed. (This second condition is what is meant by a $rigid$ body after all).
A motion with these two properties, (1) and (2), is precisely what is meant by the phrase ``a rotation about the CofM''
mike stonemike stone
$\begingroup$ Great explanation. So the body rotates about the COM because it has to stay rigid. Isn't it ? Had I analysed the motion in frame in which the COM was not at rest or say was in rotation ? What would be the case then ? Probably the rest frame in which COM is in rotation would give the trouble in this case. Isn't it ? And if I say that the moment of inertial about the com is least ( checked it for many discrete cases) that's why its the com about which the body rotates . Would it be correct ? $\endgroup$ – Shashaank Feb 12 '17 at 16:38
$\begingroup$ Im not sure about the role of the minimal moment of inertia. The rotation is just geometry. The moments of I. come into the dynamics: If the three pricipal moments differ, the angular velocity vector can be a complicated function of time. $\endgroup$ – mike stone Feb 12 '17 at 16:50
$\begingroup$ @mikestone Ok. No doubt your answer is a great explanation and I will accept it .But could you also provide an argument when we observe the rotation from the ground frame . $\endgroup$ – Shashaank Feb 12 '17 at 17:38
$\begingroup$ I'm sorry, I don't see how this explains that a centre-of-mass exists. Why couldn't all particles still keep the same distance to each other (remaining rigid) if they rotated around an edge-point instead? $\endgroup$ – Steeven Feb 12 '17 at 17:46
$\begingroup$ @Steeven, because then the COM would be rotating (accelerating) around some other axis, which violates the rule that a COM moves at constant velocity when no external forces are acting on it. $\endgroup$ – user1717828 Feb 12 '17 at 18:31
Here is one more way to look at this:
You can consider an object with any shape as a single point where all the mass of the object is concentrated. This point is called the center of mass. From Newton's second law, as no force is acting on the object, the center of mass must either move in a straight line or be stationary. If the body rotates, the only way the center of mass can obey that law is if the rotation is around the center of mass.
martinkunevmartinkunev
The reason that a body under free rotation rotates about its center of mass is that the moment of inertia tensor at the center of mass is a minimum. When you rotate about any point that is not the center of mass, you have to apply the parallel axis theorem.
$$I' = I_\mathrm{CM} + m\vec{r}_\mathrm{CM}^2$$
The minimum of this equation is when the radius from the center of mass to the axis of rotation is zero. Therefore, the center of mass is the point of rotation that provides the least resistance to rotation.
In fact, the instantaneous center of rotation doesn't instantaneously shift to be at the center of mass of the object once the external forces stop acting on the object. Imagine you have a bowl and you drop a ball into it so that it's initial point of contact is close to the rim. The ball will tend towards the bottom of the bowl as that's the location with the lowest gravitational potential. However, before it gets there, it oscillates a bit before coming to rest. The bottom of the bowl is a stable point.
This is analogous to our rotation. The point about which the object rotates is initially offset from the center of mass. However, as time progresses, it tends towards the center of mass as it tries to find the path of least resistance. Rotation about the center of mass provides this least resistance.
gdbb89gdbb89
$\begingroup$ Um, the latter part of your answer cannot possibly be correct. You don't believe that bodies continue to accelerate for a while even after external forces stop acting on them, do you? Now, given that a body rotating around any axis that doesn't pass through its CoM must experience a non-zero net acceleration, I'm sure you can see the contradiction. $\endgroup$ – Ilmari Karonen Feb 12 '17 at 19:14
$\begingroup$ Perhaps you are right. But my intuition tells me that the center of rotation can't shift infinitely fast as that would entail an infinite angular acceleration about the axis of rotation. The inertia tensor at the principal axes of the object acts as a stable point, and rotation approaches that stable point during free motion. To put it succinctly, I see the angular momentum vector as shifting continuously toward the stable point once the external forces cease to act on the body. $\endgroup$ – gdbb89 Feb 13 '17 at 1:18
$\begingroup$ Easy to test: spin a large ring, such as one of those frisbee-like rings, on a stick . Clearly it's not spinning about its CM. Now release the ring (remove the stick). What does the ring start spinning around? --- $\endgroup$ – Carl Witthoft Feb 13 '17 at 16:39
Imagine two stones tied together with a massless rod and let one stone to rotate around the second one being fixed.
In that case there must be a force that accelerate the first stone perpendicular to its velocity and causes it to rotate around the second one. The whole setup is free, so there is no counter force to equalize and this setup violates Newton's laws.
If we want to rotate this stone-rod-stone body with respect of Newton's laws we must add and arbitrary point it will be rotating around. In this case both stones are revolving around this point, radial force is applied to both of them and they have opposite direction. The forces must cancel out completely and they cancel out only if the arbitrary point is placed exactly in the centre of mass.
CrowleyCrowley
I'm not a physicist, but I'll take a stab at it.
A simplified example of your spinning sphere that may help you with this concept would be a disk made all of one density of material. An example would be a child's top or a gyroscope that you can spin on a flat surface. Every part of the disk has a matching balancing part on the opposite side of the disk. Each balancing pair of parts of the disk have the same mass as each other, have opposite motions to each other when rotating and create opposite balancing centripetal forces that keep the disc's rotation balanced around the center of mass (which is also the disk's geometric center).
If you add more mass to the disc anywhere but at the center, the center of mass of the disc shifts away from the geometric center of the disk and toward the mass you just added. The object will now rotate around this new center of mass. This is because all the mass on the side away from the new added mass must create a balancing opposite force to the now heavier side of the disk. The mass of the disc between the geometric center of the disc and the new (shifted) center of mass shifts to becomes the opposing balancing force to the added mass.
The picture below may help you visualize this:
The green dot on the right is the original center of mass and center of the disc. The blue circle is an added mass. The green dot on the left is the new center of mass. The area between the two red lines is mass on the disk that balances the added mass when rotating. Adding more (blue) mass will shift the center of mass further from original center and move the left red line (and center of mass) further toward the added mass (left). If the original disk was very massive relative to the added mass, the center of mass won't shift as far (i.e. less area between the red lines needed to balance the new mass, and less shifting of center of mass to balance the added mass).
So to conclude, every time you add to (or subtract from) the mass of a rotating object, the object changes the location of it's center of rotation so that the forces caused by rotation remain in balance. The point of rotation is the center of all the mass of that object.
Mark RipleyMark Ripley
Let's go with this for a second. I'm not sure the term 'degenerates' it completely right here but I think you are on the right track. Consider a perfectly balanced wheel on an automobile. Its rotation is not free but rather fixed in its center which is also its center of mass (because it's balanced.) When it spins, there is no force on the axle.
Now consider what happens if we attach a weight to the rim of the wheel and make it unbalanced. When wheel spins, it will now apply forces to the axle. If you've ever driven in a vehicle in such a situation, you will feel this as a vibration at most speeds as the wheel continually 'jumps'. Why does this happen? It's because the axle is forcing the wheel to rotate around a point that is not its center of mass. In other words, only rotation around the center of mass is neutral; in order for an object to rotate around another point, another force is required to keep it in place. By definition, a 'free' object is not subject to any such force.
One way to see this is to take a frisbee and spin it around a finger inside the rim. It will rotate around your finger (which is not at the center of it's mass.) Your muscles will need to constantly resist the motion in order to keep it in place. If you suddenly remove your finger, it will fly off in a straight line and continue to spin around its center of mass.
JDługosz
JimmyJamesJimmyJames
I understand this to be a mathematical or psychological phenomenon rather than a physical one.
An object can rotate about any axis. However, in the case where the axis does not go through the center of gravity, we would typically decompose this motion into a movement of the object's center of gravity, combined with motion about the center of gravity. You can always do this. Just ask 'How did the center of gravity move?' and subtract that movement from the movement of each piece. By definition, the remaining movement is a rotation about the fixed center of gravity.
We don't have to breakdown movement in this way. It so happens that (in Newtonian mechanics) we know how to deal with momentum and angular momentum separately. Different decompositions would be possible. But they almost certainly would be more complex and less intuitive. For example, suppose that angular momentum always led to an additional 'linear force', which was directional, and depended on the relationship between the mass distribution and the axis. It would be much harder to understand what it actually consisted of. We are used to rotating things about their center of mass.
When you solve Newtonian problems of torque, you usually have to judiciously choose a point to resolve torques around. The solution would be the same, but the technique is much easier if you choose the right point, for which as many forces as possible cancel out. 'Center of gravity' is just the standard heuristic to the general case of this problem.
jwgjwg
Because Inertia Moment is mimimum when rotating around center of mass, so any force applied to the body will "pass" through the "path" of minimal resistance.
Basically it is the point for which the sum of all momentums is minimal.
Also water and electric current flows through paths of minimal resistance. I wanted to do a short answer on purpose, because I think the alternative answer is just a "show the calculations" which is not very intuitive.
GameDeveloperGameDeveloper
As you know from riding a bicycle is it possible to balance at a very slow speed without falling if you can keep the weight balanced equally on both sides. As with a seesaw. It turns out that you can always find a way to balance a rigid body regardless of how it touches the surface underneath by placing the mass exactly right so it is evenly distributed.
You can see a video on how this can be done here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGRUf1PLJdY
If you now recognize that this is true regardless of how the rigid body is orientated in the first place, you just need to consider if all these "divide the mass in equal parts"-division lines have anything in common or not. It turns out they all go through a single common point (this can be mathematically proven) which you probably have already guessed has named the center of mass.
It can also be mathematically proven that a rigid body behaves the same as a single point with the full mass of the rigid body. This makes newtonian calculations (like the movement of the Earth around the Sun) easier.
Thorbjørn Ravn AndersenThorbjørn Ravn Andersen
In fact, a solid body doesn't rotate about a point (COM), but around an axis on which the COM is situated.
For example in a solid, uniform sphere (every object with a non-uniform distribution of mass can continuously be transformed in a sphere with the same mass uniformly distributed), the only points that rotate about the COM lie in the equator plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. All the other points rotate about another point on the axis of rotation.
If you let the sphere spin from zero angular velocity to an angular velocity x, without imparting a linear momentum on the sphere the linear momentum can only be conserved if all the moments of the dm's (infinitely small masses if we consider the sphere as a continuous mass) cancel, which is the case if the COM lies on the axis of rotation. Of course, if you consider different axes of rotation they have the COM point in common.
For two separate bodies bounded by an attractive force as gravity, it is possible to say that the bodies rotate about the COM of the two bodies. Like two masses connected by a rope, but with the rope removed. In this case, the rotation is also about the axis of rotation (perpendicular to the rotation plane), but as well about the COM point.
descheleschilderdescheleschilder
To make the couple around the center of mass axis equally distributed so that the body can rotate. As rotation itself is defined as the axis of rotation and the center of mass should be in same line else it becomes revolving around the axis of rotation.
The other reason is that the rotation can be sustained.
$\begingroup$ Besides the last line , I couldn't get what you are saying ! $\endgroup$ – Shashaank Feb 12 '17 at 16:17
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Do objects rotate around their center of mass or not?


Famed philanthropist Shlomo Yehuda Rechnitz always has the Jewish world on his mind, and is constantly thinking about what he can do to help. Nothing goes beneath his radar, he pays attention to anything and everything. Rechnitz wears many different hats, partly a politician, partly a philanthropist who gives of himself to many Jewish organizations and institutions throughout the world, but without a doubt, he is also well-known as "composer".
Last summer the entire State of Israel shook with fright over the kidnapping and murder of the wonderful boys Eyal, Gilad, and Naftali. Most of us remember where we were when we found out about that horrible event, but Rechnitz will definitely never forget. He was sitting next to his piano at that moment and immediately began composing the song Shomer Yisrael that Uziah Tzadok sang on his album, which quickly became the song that was identified with that tragedy. Rechnitz has since released a double album of some of the best of his compositions, together with some of the greatest Chassidic singers in the world, firmly implanting him as one of the great top composer of Jewish music.
Now Rechnitz is releasing another single called "Madua?". The words for the song are from the passuk in Sefer Yirmiyahu where the Navi is speaking to Hashem and asks Him "Why do Resha'im have success?" and simultaneously, about all of the terrible things that happen to Am Yisrael, while those that hate us seem to have the upper hand. For this project Rechnitz got together a number of the top singers such as Ohad Moskowitz, Itzik Dadya, the Shira Choir, and Uziah Tzadok. Just like with Shomer Yisrael, the song Madua? was composed on the heels of the tremendous tragedy that rocked the entire Jewish world; the horrible house fire that claimed the lives of the majority of the Sassoon family in Brooklyn.
Yitzy Beri and Eli Klein did the musical arrangements, and even took part in some of the singing. The production itself was overseen by David Fadida and Yossi Rubin, and the final result is a beautiful and heartfelt song.