text:
https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/article/A-former-Beaumont-Independent-School-District-13739893.php
Grand jury: BISD officer faces sex charge; 3 indicted for murder
By Kaitlin Bain and Haley Bruyn
Updated 8:01 pm CDT, Wednesday, April 3, 2019
Quincey Daniels
A former Beaumont Independent School District police officer has been indicted after allegedly having sex with a student.
Quincey Daniels, 28, was indicted for an alleged improper relationship between an educator and a student.
Daniels was one of 66 people indicted in Jefferson County Wednesday.
According to a probable cause affidavit, law-enforcement officials were made aware of the allegations by an anonymous call to Crime Stoppers on March 1. At the time, Daniels was employed by the district.
The victim, a 17-year-old BISD student, is said to have engaged in sexual activity with Daniels on Feb. 19, according to the affidavit. The relationship was corroborated through Snapchat and cell phone activity, as well as interviews with the victim, the affidavit said.
The indictments handed up Wednesday also include three people charged in connection with two homicides. Christopher Ray Jones, 40; Joshua Barlow, 29; and Jaylan Quin'Jordan Thomas, 21, all face murder charges.
Police say Jones threatened his wife Olivia Jones with divorce on Feb. 14, according to a probable cause affidavit.
The affidavit indicated the news "caused a disturbance" where the two struggled with a loaded handgun before it discharged, shooting Olivia Jones in the back of the head.
Her death was Beaumont's first homicide of the year.
Barlow and Thomas were indicted in connection with the death of 36-year-old Quincy Davis.
Davis was killed just after 3:45 a.m. March 17 at the Bar 23 Social Lounge, 5750 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., according to a probable cause affidavit. Police said witnesses told them a fight outside the club escalated to gunfire.
The affidavit said an eyewitness told police the person saw Barlow and Thomas approach Davis and fire several shots.
Other charges included in Wednesday's indictments were dozens of possession cases, two theft cases and the burglary of a habitation.
kaitlin.bain@beaumontenterprise.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Who Are You Looking For In Amasa, Michigan?
Run a search by name for anyone in Amasa, Michigan & get free white pages information instantly. Amasa, Michigan white page directory listings include full name, phone number and address.


On July 9th, Republican Gov. Paul LePage of Maine signed a bill to allow residents to carry a concealed weapon without the previously required permit.
The new bill makes Maine one of just a few number of states that allows residents to carry a hidden firearm without needing a permit. And there are now over a dozen states which are considering taking similar actions.
Pro gun, pro Constitution advocates are all for the bill, saying that requiring a permit for concealed weapon doesn't keep people safe.
The new law, which passed with bipartisan support, states that Maine residents over 21 years of age can be carry a concealed weapon without a permit, provided they're not prohibited from owning a gun or of course guilty of a felony. The law also applies to active military members over 18 and veterans.
Since the bill has passed it has done little to end the debate over guns in the state of Maine. Opponents argue that the law puts the public and law enforcement officials in danger.
The law is scheduled to go into effect in October.


Next week on the 7th episode of Kamen Rider ZI-O, everything will be filled with magic as Another Wizard will magically battle the warriors of time!
"Sougo and the others hear word of a very popular magic show that is in town and they set out to check it out. As it turns out, the magic they demonstrate there seems to be more real than just a simple trick! Geiz suddenly remembers how there was once a Kamen Rider who was a wizard who could manipulate magic!"


text:
Q: Not enough storage error on CGI app under Win64 I have a Delphi (hence 32-bit) CGI app running on a Windows 2008 64-bit server that has 24 Gb RAM with IIS7. The web service runs fine for a few days at a time (sometimes a few weeks) and then suddenly starts reporting "Not enough storage available to process this command."
Now I've seen this before in regular Windows apps and it normally means that the machine ran out of memory. In this instance, the server shows that only 10% of physical RAM is in use. On top of that, TaskManager shows only one instance of the CGI executable, with 14Mb allocated. And once it starts it keeps giving the error, regardless of actual server load. No way is this thing really running out of memory.
So I figured there is probably some maximum memory setting in IIS7 somewhere, but I couldn't find anything of the sort. Restarting the web server makes the problem go away until next time, but is probably not the best strategy.
Any ideas?

A: It might be an IRPStackSize issue as discussed here.  And the particular cause mentioned in that article is not the only one, apparently.

A: The CGI does not seem to ever unload under IIS7, even though it seems to work under IIS6. This seems to be a problem with the CGI support on IIS7.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There are various Singapore immigration visa schemes available under the immigration system of the city state. Each of the visa schemes is designed carefully to serve the purpose of specific requirements of the immigrants. This guide will help you identify the suitable one that caters to your unique needs.
With the advent of industrialization in Singapore in the latter part of the 20th century, large number of people from abroad started migrating to Singapore. The liberal and open regime in Singapore ensured that the best foreign talent got the opportunity to work and stay in the country. In fact, as per the Singapore census 2010, there has been a manifold increase in the number of immigrants who accounted for almost 25 percent of the total Singapore population. Therefore, keeping in mind the growing needs of the foreign nationals to obtain the right visa, the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) has introduced a number of immigration visas that suit the varying needs of one and all.
Employment Pass: This kind of immigration visa scheme is applicable for foreign professionals, executives, entrepreneurs, managers and directors/owners of a Singapore company. The validity period of this pass scheme is upto 2 years which can be renewed upto 3 years.
Entrepreneur Pass: This pass is specifically meant for foreign entrepreneurs willing to relocate to Singapore to incorporate a Singapore company. This pass scheme is valid up to 2 years.
Personalized Employment Pass: This is for highly qualified or top-tier individuals who wish to work and stay in Singapore. This is a non-renewable pass scheme whose validity period is 3 years.
Permanent Residence: The holders of a work visa in Singapore can apply for permanent residence in due course of time. This way they can avail the benefits that Singapore government provides to its permanent residents.
Dependant's Pass: The holders of a professional work visa in Singapore can apply for Dependant's pass for their family members (spouse and children).
S Pass: The S Pass scheme is for mid-level skilled workers like technicians who want to come to Singapore for work purposes.
Miscellaneous Work Visa: This kind of visa is issued to foreign professionals for short assignments including conducting of seminars, workshops etc.
Singapore Work Permit: This pass scheme is for foreign workers like domestic workers, confinement nannies etc who are employed in Singapore.
Singapore Work Holiday Program: This immigration pass scheme is specifically meant for undergraduates and graduates between the age group of 18-25.


Here you'll find everything you need about Quail Hollow Veterinary Hospital and how we can help you and your pets. We look forward to getting to know you and your pets. Please browse through our site, read up on various veterinary topics and information, access new clients forms and take a virtual office tour our veterinary facility. We hope you find this information helpful and look forward to getting to know you.


What is a Hammer Drill? And What Are They Used For?
You might think your regular power drill is enough to take on any task. However, if you suddenly find yourself needing to drill multiple large-width holes in the concrete of your basement wall, for example, you may end up pulling most of your hair out before you complete the project.
For jobs like this, you may need a drill that packs a little more punch.
Is the hammer drill the right tool for your needs? In this brief guide, we'll explore the many uses of a hammer drill and whether you should consider purchasing one.
The hammer drill, also known as a percussion or impact drill, is a popular addition to virtually any toolbox due to its ability to drill holes in extremely hard surfaces.
These drills are typically used when extreme force is required.
Compared to drills, the best hammers drills are capable of withstanding more wear and tear from the strong material they drill through.
Technically speaking, any drill that uses a hammer mechanical motion to bore a hole is a considered a hammer drill.
What Are Hammer Drills Used For?
Hammer drills are the perfect tool to bore holes in material that might be difficult to work with when using less powerful tools. Whether you need to tear apart ceramic tiles or bore holes in concrete, a high-quality hammer drill won't disappoint. You can use this tool to bore holes in hard materials so that you can insert screws, bolts, and even small plugs.
How Do Hammer Drills Work?
The hammer drill gets its name from creating a hammer-like motion when in use. Its quick and repetitive "hammering" of the drill bit against concrete, stone, and masonry allows the tool to create holes in these incredibly hard surfaces.
If you used a standard drill on these hard surfaces, you would quickly find that it doesn't have the required power to drill a hole effectively. Though you might be able to create the hole eventually, the hammer drill allows you to get the job done in a significantly shorter period.
What Types of Hammer Drills are Available?
Today, most hammer drills are cordless, allowing for greater portability; however, you can still purchase one of these drills with a cord if you prefer. That way, in addition to getting extra power, you won't have to worry about recharging a battery between uses.
In addition to both corded and battery-operated models, you can choose between a percussion and a pneumatic hammer drill.
Percussion hammer drill: relies on a much softer and less powerful hammering motion, but is generally much easier to handle.
Pneumatic hammer drill: is much stronger, so it's usually reserved for projects that require significant amounts of drilling power.
Rotary hammer drill: provide even more power, should you need to bore larger or deeper holes. As the tool industry continues to innovate, new types of hammer drills continue to offer more power and flexibility for all your construction or home improvement needs.
The majority of hammer drills on the market today can also be switched to a standard drill mode, which allows you to use the tool as a high-quality electric screwdriver without the excess power.
Most hammer drills are primarily a two-in-one tool that you can use for many home projects.
Do You Need A Hammer Drill?
Hammer drills are one of the most versatile drills on the market today. They're especially useful if you need to bore holes into tough surfaces such as masonry, stone, or concrete. Though you likely won't use the hammer drill on a daily basis for your DIY renovation projects, it is a crucial staple in most toolboxes.
If you plan on working with hard surfaces for an upcoming project, you should seriously consider investing in a high-quality hammer drill to make your life easier.


text:
Pomabamba (possibly from Quechua puma cougar, puma, pampa a large plain, "cougar plain"), Rataquenua or Portachuelo is a mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru, of  high (other elevation cited is ). It is located between Asunción and Carhuaz provinces, in the region of  Ancash. Pomabamba lies between Copa to the west and Perlilla to the east, southwest of lakes Yanaqucha, Paqarisha (Pagarisha) and Lawriqucha.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Ancash Region

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


WebFaction is offering a $10 per month hosting package that is ideal for startups.
Use the promo code FOUNDER2017 and get two free months of service (value $20)!
We are using them for all of our business simulations.


Camarões e queijo empanados à milanesa. Acompanha arroz à grega e batata palha.
Fried shrimps and cheese. Served with greek style rice and potato sticks.
Shrimps grilled with butter, flamed with brandy, béchamel sauce, little apple balls. Gratin. Accompanying rice with raisings.


Join us for one of our trips described below.
New Orleans! Service with Joyeaux de Vivre!
Book the Merry Green Marvel for group service projects within a 70 mile radius of New Orleans. Our work will primarily focus on wetland restoration with some work focusing on poverty and homelessness and youth support. This may include work planting cypress trees and wetland grasses, erosion mitigation, habitat restoration including invasive plant and debris removal, home building and rebuilds, food banks, shelters, and supporting after school programs. Wetland restoration work includes an educational workshop presented by local experts that explain the land loss issues facing Southern Louisiana and how that affects the whole Mississippi watershed. We emphasize a deep community and cultural immersion that includes a variety of service work but also a chance to meet and learn from a diverse array of folks who share about the issues we are addressing in our service work and give us a personal doorway into the rich culture that is Southern Louisiana.
Though we can often extend trips longer or shorter, our service weeks generally run from arrival on Saturday eve (the bus can pick you up near the New Orleans airport or other transportation hub such as Amtrak Station) with Drop off/Departure on Thursday night. We generally work Monday through Thursday, with Sunday as a day to explore the culture of "New Awlins" through Food (cooking class taught by Chef Joe of Cafe Reconcile, an inner city culinary school) and Music (immersion into the street music and the relevance of New Orleans and the Delta as the tap root of the American musical tree. We often have the opportunity to meet and learn the tradition of the Mardi Gras Indians. We also often work in a tour of Congo Square when there is live drumming.) We also offer a cypress/tupelo swamp paddle during the week with canoes and/or kayaks. As the week unfolds we often get to meet some of our Cajun country neighbors who have been known to offer their hospitality in laying out some Cajun cooking! Wetland restoration projects occur during tree planting season which runs from November-March. For many of our Southern Louisiana projects the bus will park and camp at the Rosaryville Retreat Center where we have been welcomed to use their grounds for bus and tent camping, a pavilion for cooking and dining, and a bath house for showers and toilets. A similar situation exists for us using a church facility in New Orleans.
We welcome one large group or a combination of smaller groups of volunteers that can create a full bus crew of up to 28. This combination of volunteers from different places and backgrounds often adds to the richness of the experience. An advantage of getting on the bus for your service week is that you get transportation, housing, food, project, participant insurance, cultural and social awareness sessions with a guest speaker from the community we serve, reflection time through journaling and personal growth sharing sessions facilitated by Merry Green Marvel staff as requested. For an additional $20/trip we offer a rental sleeping bag and towel so you can pack lighter.
Cost for this 5 day trip is $58/person/day or $290/5 night-trip. This includes all volunteer projects and meals except Sunday lunch which volunteers can find while walking the French Quarter. In addition it includes lodging accommodations on the Marvel Sleeper Coach Bus or provided tent camping when appropriate. The cooking class and swamp canoe tour are also included.
Feels good to plant trees!
Day's work to look out across!
Imagining the trees we plant growing into a forest like this.
Sign up for our New Orleans trip. We'll get in touch with you to finalize the details.
This trip can be flexible to your group needs as to pace, overnight accommodations, meals cooked on the bus kitchen etc. We suggest starting this trip on Sunday morning in New Orleans by attending a gospel church service and then visiting Congo Square in Louis Armstrong Park where we may be lucky enough to see the drummers and dancers that still gather there on Sunday afternoons. There we begin to understand the power of the place where so much of American music has its roots. From Congo Square we roll out of New Orleans make our dinner and camp for the night. Monday morning we take in the Whitney Plantation Museum devoted to slavery and take a guided tour. From there we'll attend the Mississippi Civil Rights Museum in Jackson and camp near Memphis. On Tuesday morning we'll tour the National Civil Rights Museum at the site where Dr. King was slain.
Out of Memphis later on Tuesday we'll stop in Holly Springs, MS to meet the Kimbroughs family where'll they'll take some time to talk with us about Blues music before camping for the night. Wednesday takes us over to Birmingham where we'll spend the morning touring Civil Rights Landmarks including Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, Kelly Ingram Park, and 16th Street Baptist Church. Thursday has us driving down to Montgomery where we'll see the Rosa Parks Library and Museum, Freedom Rides Museum and the Civil Rights Memorial Center. We'll drive out of town toward Selma and park the bus along the route of the march from Selma to Montgomery and camp near the same spot the marchers camped. Friday has us in Selma where we'll learn from local guides the significance of the Selma marches. After learning about Selma we'll give back through a service project in Selma. Saturday morning we can visit the Gee's Bend quilters before departing for New Orleans with an arrival back in New Orleans Saturday evening. This trip can be modified to meet your group's needs. Ask about our pricing based on your group and the extent of your trip.
The beauty of quilts and small town economic initiative!
Joanne Bland was part of the Selma marches when she was eleven years old. She now leads Journeys for the Soul in Selma, a living voice of history.
Every Sunday afternoon in Congo Square, New Orleans drummers and dancers still gather to carry on the 200 plus year tradition of gathering to drum and dance, giving roots to the tree of American music.
Sign up for our Deep South 2018 trip. We'll get in touch with you to finalize the details.
This trip will focus on learning about the Lakota culture through the collective heart of service and sincere inquiry. The openness and respect to learn about another culture will be essential to this trip. We will have the honor to receive cultural teachings from locals. Depending on the timing of the trip we may have access to a pow wow, sweat lodges and other cultural ceremonies. Service work is largely fluid depending on the time of the year, vagaries of the day, weather etc. and may include home builds and repair, youth work and environmental restoration. The Merry Green Marvel Bus will set up as a campsite on the reservation where we will cook our meals on the camp kitchen and share our food with our new friends and teachers.
The minimum four days time at Pine Ridge might be combined with otheer area attractions that include: Black Elk Peak, Crazy Horse Monument, Mt Rushmore, Jewel Cave, Wind Cave, Sylvan Rocks Climbing School, Geology/Archaeology features, horse trail riding, Devil's Tower and the Badlands. This trip can be be booked as a group with a minimum of 20 people May-October. Ask about our pricing based on your group and the extent of your trip.
Imagine getting a group of friends and/or family together and exploring Wisconsin waterways. You could create anything from a week end paddling/camping trip to an extended canoeing/kayak odyssey around the state. For example a week long trip aboard the Merry Green Marvel bus could begin with canoeing, hiking and camping in the Kickapoo Reserve http://kvr.state.wi.us/Home in the limestone ledge country Driftless Region before journeying up into Northern Wisconsin for Ojibway cultural teachings to help us gain an appreciation and awareness of these Northern lands and waters and how we can grow in heart and mind from these adventures.
We could use https://www.lostcreekadventures.org/ to train, outfit and guide us as we explore the sea caves on Lake Superior near Cornucopia. Then onto the Brule River where we could use http://brulerivercanoerental.com/to make our way down the Brule. These paddling destinations all adapt to your level of paddling experience, ability and willingness for challenge. We encourage and aim to welcome and support ages from 14 on up. Intergenerational! Throughout the week we'd be on the bus and together preparing grand meals (mainly vegetarian, local and organic) from its pull out kitchen. You can choose to sleep on the bus or pitch a tent just outside. Campfires, singing and storytelling will be the exclamations on these glorious days of Summer in Wisconsin!
We aim to put together a package for you that suits your group and your budget! Make some deep memories in the beauty of the Wisconsin outdoors! Ask about our pricing based on your group and the extent of your trip.
What are you doing with the pulse of your marvelous life?!? Get on the Bus!


Married women are hyphonated (with maiden names written first) if they previously reached a Grand Slam quarter final before marriage. This makes it easier to track the performance of players.
U. S. Womens results 1887-1967 from quarter finals onwards. Scores given where known.
Semis - E. Roosevelt d. M. Cahill 2-6,6-5,3-2 rtd.
A. Schultz d. A. Wistar 6-3,6-?
Challenge Round – Marion Jones d. Elisabeth Moore 6-1,1-0 rtd.
Final – Helen Jacobs d. Mrs. Helen Wills-Moody 8-6,3-6,3-0 rtd.


Complete supervision for MARI® Practitioner Certification.
Those who possess an accredited Master's degree with at least 48 credits in one of the mental health, art therapy, and other related professions will potentially be able to offer Continuing Education Credits with the National Board of Certified Counselors.
Those who possess other accredited Master's degrees may not be able to offer the above CEUs, however, these candidates may be in a position to pursue the offering of CE clock hours with other professional agencies.
Joan Kellogg, Path of Beauty – available on the MARI website.
Complete 50 (fifty) MARI /mandala combinations—photos of Mandala and Great Round –that are submitted in to Jill Zikmund at jill@expmari.com . If the pictures are not clearly visible-you may also need to submit a copy of the scoring sheet.
Review and sign all applicable legal contracts related to providing MARI training and be in compliance with all reporting and recording of necessary records to allow the maintenance of the MARI as a viable Certification Instrument.
Translate the MARI manual into the language of your country –if it is not English and this has not already been completed by a teacher in your country. (More information available on request).
You are strongly encouraged to do research that is submitted to –and posted on the MARI Creative Resources web site. This original research belongs to you and you are permitted to charge those who wish to obtain it. However MARI Creative Resources will have permission to use this research in articles that maybe submitted to journals in the field. You will be credited and cited in any articles.
The Teacher's fee includes the general materials needed to teach and promote a class, such as the power points, music, certificate templates, and sample fliers.


Call: 1-888-818-4328 for more information.
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Jonathan Dow: Yes, we have a cat... and she's naughty.
Yes, we have a cat... and she's naughty.
I think my cat gets on my desk and dances when I go to bed. I have no proof, but I don't let her get on when I'm in the room. And when she tries, I say no and she gets off. But she sits and stares at me as if she's thinking, "Oh okay, I won't get on the desk... while you're watching." I imagine she gets on while I'm sleeping and sprawls out over the keyboard, nuzzles my bag of chips, and dances while singing to herself in a meow meow voice, "I'm on your desk and you can't see me."
She gets up on the counters looking for food while Ashley and I eat dinner. Once, her cohort Snaps gave her away. She got up to eat a sausage and knocked one off the counter to keep the dog quiet. But the good dog brought the sausage into the dining room to show me so she kept the sausage, and the cat got put outside. Good dog. Bad cat. Whenever she is on the counter, and she sees me coming, she tries to run away from me. She knows she's doing wrong. I still catch her and douse her head (which I don't think she minds) and toss her outside so we can eat in peace.
Right now, she's curled up on my lap acting all innocent. But little does she know that I'm fantasizing about tossing her into a bucket of water. Two can play this game!
Stop doing stuff for God?


text:
Greater Chennai Corporation
(Redirected from Administration of Chennai)
This article is about administration of the City of Chennai . For administration of the Chennai Metropolitan Area, see Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority.
The Chennai Municipal Corporation (officially the Greater Chennai Corporation,[1] formerly known as the Corporation of Madras), is the civic body that governs the city of Chennai (formerly Madras), India. Inaugurated on 29 September 1688, under a Royal Charter issued by King James II on 30 December 1687 as the Corporation of Madras, it is the oldest municipal body of the Commonwealth of Nations outside Great Britain.[2] It is headed by a mayor, who presides over 200 councillors each of whom represents one of the 200 wards of the city.[3] It is the second oldest city civic body in the world after the City of London.[4]
of the City of Chennai
Office suspended since October 2016 due to postponed elections
Special Officer & Commissioner
G. Prakash, IAS
District Collector
R. Seethalakshmi , IAS
Ripon Building
chennaicorporation.gov.in
2 Zone
2.1 Expansion
3 Chennai-Vellore Corridor
4.2 Departments
5 Chennai Corporation Flag
5.1 Police
6 Income
7 Location and demography
8 Functions
8.1 Roads
8.2 Parks and open green spaces
8.4 Health
8.5 Solid waste management
8.6 Telecommunication
8.7 Waste management
8.8 Water
The Madras Corporation is the oldest municipal body of the Commonwealth of Nations outside the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1688 to control the powers of the Governor of Madras, Elihu Yale.[5] The Corporation was created by a Royal Charter issued on 30 December 1687 by King James II on the advice of the chairman of the East India Company, Josiah Child, on the model of Dutch Government in the East Indies.[6] The charter constituted the existing town of Fort St. George and all the territories belonging to the town, not exceeding a distance of ten miles from the Fort, into a Corporation. The Parliamentary Act of 1792 conferred the new Corporation power to levy municipal taxes in the city. The municipal administration also commenced from this act, making provision for the administration of the city. The Municipal Act continued to be amended, constantly introducing major changes in the constitution and powers of the Corporation from time to time.[6]
Prior to the establishments of the corporation, the Governor of Madras or the Company's agent managed the affairs of the Fort St George and its residents with the assistance of a headman, an accountant, and the head of watch and ward. The Governor sat as Madras's Justice of the Peace. Taxes were introduced by Governor Streynsham Master (1678–1681). Complications arising out of these impositions and the growing expenses of an expanding town led to Sir Josiah drawing up plans for a more formal body of civic administration. The Corporation was inaugurated on 29 September 1688 with power to decide on petty cases, levy rates upon the inhabitants for building of schools, a town hall and a jail, when the new Mayor, 12 Aldermen and 60 Burgesses took their oaths.[6] The first members of the Corporation were representatives from diverse ethnicities. Nathaniel Higginson was the first Mayor, and he appointed representatives from the English, Scottish, French, Portuguese, and Indian mercantile communities as Aldermen. The post of the Mayor was held for one year at a time, the Mayor being elected by the Aldermen, whose term of office was for life.
By 1856, the duties of the Corporation became more clearly defined. In 1919, the Aldermen were re-styled as 'Councillors'. The title of 'Mayor' had been replaced by 'President', and P. Theagaraya Chetty was nominated as President, the first Indian to be so chosen. However, the office of Mayor was re-created in 1933, when Kumararajah M. A. Muthiah Chettiar made the transition from last President to first new Mayor. The mayoralty has remained thereafter.
By 1901, the Corporation had grown to encompass an area of 68 sq km comprising 30 territorial divisions with a population of 540,000.[7] In 1913, the Corporation moved to the newly constructed Ripon Building, which was built on parts of the People's Park. The building was named after Lord Ripon who, as Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884, had introduced local government reforms. He is remembered in a statue in the Corporation precincts. The first native Indian to both govern the Madras Presidency and later serve as Mayor of erstwhile Madras was the Honourable K. Sriramulu Naidu, who served during the 1930s and 1940s. In 1978, the boundaries of the area administrated by the Corporation was increased to 174 sq km.[7]
The Madras Municipal Corporation Act, 1919 (as amended) provides the basic statutory authority for the administration now.[6]
ZoneEdit
ExpansionEdit
In October 2011, the expansion process was initiated before the elections to the corporation council in October. In this move, 42 small local bodies, including 9 municipalities, 8 town panchayats and 25 village panchayats, were merged with Chennai Corporation, taking the area up by 140% to 426 km2 from the earlier 176 km2.[7][8] Some areas have been arbitrarily left out, to the discontent of the residents of those areas.[9] The new expanded Corporation of Chennai has 200 wards, an increase of 45 wards.[10] Elections were held for the expanded corporation in October 2011.
The erstwhile municipalities that became a part of expanded Chennai Corporation are Kathivakkam, Tiruvottiyur, Manali, Madhavaram, Ambattur, Maduravoyal, Valasaravakkam, Alandur and Ullagaram–Puzhudhivakkam.
The erstwhile town panchayats that became a part of expanded Chennai Corporation are Chinna Sekkadu, Puzhal, Porur, Nandambakkam, Meenambakkam, Perungudi, Pallikaranai and Sholinganallur.
The erstwhile panchayat unions that became a part of expanded Chennai Corporation are Edayanchavady, Sadayankuppam, Kattapakkam, Theeyampakkam, Mathur, Vada Perumbakkam, Surapet, Kathirvedu, Puthagaram, Nolambur, Karambakkam, Nerkundram, Ramapuram, Mugaliwakkam, Manapakkam, Kottivakkam, Palavakkam, Neelankarai, Injambakkam, Karapakkam, Okkiam Thoraipakkam, Madipakkam, Jaladampet, Semmanchery and Uthandi.
Chennai-Vellore CorridorEdit
The rate of urbanisation in Chennai is not as rapid as in Bengaluru or Mumbai. Yet the move will mean a lot of benefits for the people of the region. The authority had established its goals which included:
Dispersing the anticipated rise in population which is estimated to rise to about 12.5 million by 2026.Distributing the city's physical growth over a larger area for cutting down economic and environmental costs.Enhanced living standards of people by ensuring uniform development, involving creation of jobs, economic development, steady flow of investments and availability of basic infrastructure across the region.Moreover, conservation of sensitive environment areas, water resources and agricultural areas will be done more effectively. Real estate activity in the newly added areas and land values are also expected to rise.
Chennai city is growing day by day.Considering this,the Chennai-Vellore Corridor is set to increase job opportunities from Chennai to Vellore on the Chennai-Bangalore highway. This will increase the livelihood of the people of the Northern Districts.Growth is everywhere in Chennai to Vellore areas. Chennai-Vellore is likely to get SCR(State Capital Region) identity as like NCR(National Capital Region) in New Delhi.
AdministrationEdit
See also: Chennai architecture and Subdivisions of India
City officials, as of Nov 2011[11][12]
Corporation Commissioner
Commissioner of Police A. K. Vishwanathan
From among themselves, the councillors elect the mayor and a deputy mayor who preside over about 10 standing committees.[13] The council normally meets once a month. The executive wing is headed by the Commissioner. In addition, there are deputy commissioners, various heads of departments and 15 zonal officers.[6]
The first native Indian to govern the Madras Presidency as well as serve later as the first Mayor post-independence of erstwhile Madras was L. Sriramulu Naidu. Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu state, houses the state executive and legislative headquarters primarily in the Secretariat Buildings on the Fort St George campus but also in several other buildings in the city. The Madras High Court, whose jurisdiction extends across Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, is the highest judicial authority in the state. The district of Chennai has three parliamentary constituencies—Chennai North, Chennai Central and Chennai South—and elects 18 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) to the state legislature.
The metropolitan region of Chennai covers many suburbs that are part of Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur districts. The larger suburbs are governed by town municipalities, and the smaller ones are governed by town councils called panchayats. While the city covers an area of 174 km2 (67 mi²),[14] the metropolitan area is spread over 1,189 km2 (458 mi²).[15] The Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) has drafted a Second Master Plan that aims to develop satellite townships around the city. Contiguous satellite towns include Mahabalipuram to the south, Chengalpattu and Maraimalai Nagar to the southwest, and Kanchipuram, Sriperumpudur, Tiruvallur and Arakkonam to the west.
Administrative divisionsEdit
15 Zones of the Chennai Corporation after expansion
Main article: List of Chennai Corporation wards
The city is classified into three regions: North Chennai, Central Chennai and South Chennai.[16] It is further divided into 15 zones, consisting of 200 wards.[17] The newly annexed areas were divided into 93 wards, and the remaining 107 wards were created out of the original 155 within the old city limits.[18] As of September 2011[update], the new wards are yet to be named.[17] Out of the 200 wards, 26 were reserved for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and 58 were reserved for women.[18]
The 15 Zones are:
North Chennai
Thiruvottiyur
Tondiarpet
Royapuram
Central Chennai
Thiru. Vi. Ka. Nagar
Annanagar
South Chennai
DepartmentsEdit
The Corporation has the following departments:[19]
1 Council Council Secretary Functions as the Secretariat of the Council, the Mayor and the various standing committees. Aids the Mayor in the discharge of his duties as well as the Council and Standing Committees.
2 General Administration Assistant Commissioner In charge of the personnel and administrative matters for the Corporation as a whole
3 Financial Management Financial Adviser Preparation of Corporation budget, receiving loans and grants from the government and overseeing and controlling the expenses of the Corporation
4 Land & Estate District Revenue Officer Leasing out Corporation lands and buildings and renting out shopping complexes
5 Revenue Revenue Officer Collection of taxes such as property, professional, advertisement, parking fees and other taxes. At the head office, change of name of ownership of properties, revision petitions against fixation of tax review of progress in collection of taxes and scrutiny and approval of assessment proposals.
6 Works City Engineer Town planning, sanction of plan and permits (up to first floor) for industrial and residential buildings, and maintenance of private streets and central asphalt plant and central yard.
7 Mechanical Engineering Superintending Engineer (Mechanical) Purchase and maintenance of all vehicles of the Corporation, attending to body building and repairing of lorries, and purchase and maintenance of school and office furniture. The Printing Press, General Stores, and General Workshop of Corporation function under the control of this department.
8 Electrical Superintending Engineer (Electrical) Installation and maintenance of all street lights, laying of cables, and maintenance of electric crematoriums
9 Solid Waste Management Superintending Engineer Removal of solid waste and executing night conservancy in all important roads and commercial areas of the city
10 Buildings Superintending Engineer Construction of school buildings, public conveniences, community halls, shopping complexes and hospitals
11 Storm Water Drain Superintending Engineer Construction, maintenance and desilting of storm water drains
12 Bridges Superintending Engineer Construction and maintenance of bridges, causeways and subways
13 Health Medical Officer Administration of dispensaries, public health, sanitation, prevention of food adulteration, issue of birth, death, and sanitation certificates
14 Family Welfare Medical Officer Administration of maternity and child welfare centers, family welfare and immunization programmes
15 Education Education Officer Administration of schools from elementary to higher secondary levels, community colleges and nutritious meals centers
16 Parks & Play Fields Director, Urban Forestry Wing
(assisted by two Park Superintendents and one Stadia Officer) Maintenance of parks, play fields, and swimming pools
Chennai Corporation FlagEdit
During the British period the Madras Corporation flag had the 'sea, boat, 3 lions and 2 fish'. The 3 lions represented the British and the sea, boat, and fish denoted the seashore of madras. After Independence, the need for changing the flag arose. M.P. Sivagnanam (Ma. Po. Si.) who was heading the education wing of the corporation suggested the Pandiya, Chola, Chera's symbol 'Fish,Tiger and Bow' (which he already had in his 'Tamil arasu kazhagam's flag). Rajaji agreed with his suggestion.[20]
PoliceEdit
The Greater Chennai Police department, a division of the Tamil Nadu Police, is the law enforcement agency in the city. The city police force is headed by a commissioner of police, and administrative control rests with the Tamil Nadu Home Ministry. The department consists of 36 subdivisions with a total of 121 police stations, of which 15 are ISO 9001:2000 certified.[21] The city's traffic is managed by the Chennai City Traffic Police (CCTP). The Metropolitan suburbs are policed by the Chennai Metropolitan Police, and outer district areas are policed by the Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur police departments.
IncomeEdit
As of 2012-13 revenue, the annual budgetary estimate of Chennai Corporation is ₹13,261.1 million and expenditure is ₹12,329.7 million. Surplus income of the corporation is ₹931.4 million.[6] Property tax is the main source of revenue for Chennai corporation.[22] The corporation collects company tax from all incorporated companies in the city which transact business for 60 days or more in any half year.[23] The amount of tax levied varies from ₹ 500 to ₹ 30,000 per six months, based on the paid up capital of the company.[24] In 2012, the city has about 34,260 identified companies in its 15 zones, of which 5,196 companies has a paid-up capital of over ₹ 5 million.[24]
Location and demographyEdit
Chennai Corporation area is located on the Coromandel Coast in the central eastern coastal region of the Deccan plateau and the northern end of the state of Tamil Nadu. The city stretches along the coast covering about 43 km of sandy beach and extending about 19 km inland, encompassing an area of 426 sq km. The estimated population is about 6.5 million.[6]
FunctionsEdit
The Corporation maintains roads, streetlights, and flyovers across the city[25][26][27] and also the city's cleanliness and hygiene levels.[28] It maintains 1,160 roads measuring a total of 370 km and storm water drain measuring 962 km and has 213,045 streetlights. Power consumption by the streetlights amounts to 50 megawatts a day, costing ₹ 14,00,000. The Corporation has 260 parks and maintains 113 community halls for public use. The corporation registers about 400 births and 180 deaths every day.[6] The Corporation also runs an abattoir.[29] There are 23,538 staffs working in the Corporation.[6] In 2011–2012, ₹ 190 million was allotted by the Tamil Nadu government for the development of the city areas within corporation limits.[30] In 2014, the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation (Tangedco) planned to change its 11-kilo volt transformers with 1,784 ring main units (RMUs) that are compact and safe.[31]
RoadsEdit
The corporation maintains a total of 1,160 macadamised bus routes running to a total length of 353.94 km. The Total length of interior roads measures about 5,563.06 km. Total length of cement concrete roads maintained by the Corporation in the bus routes measures 3.68 km and the length of cement concrete interior roads measures 1,292.54 km.[7]
The newly expanded region of the corporation alone has 2,752 km of roads, along which there is a 682.4-km network of storm water drains.[32]
Street lamps in the city were introduced in 1785. Until the introduction of electric street lighting, the street lighting was done by oil lights. Till 1857, there were only 200 oil light lamps. By the year 1910, this was increased to 6,500. In 1910, electric street lighting was introduced. By 1924–1925, all the oil lights in the streets of the city were completely replaced by electric lights. The Corporation also maintains 264 high-mast lights and 133 8-meter and 12-meter lamp posts with cluster lights at important junctions. The Corporation owns 22 hydraulic vehicles for attending maintenance work to streetlights.[33] In 2012, the Corporation started installing 60,000 streetlights in the newly included zones, in addition to replacing about 88,000 old streetlights in these zones.[34] Per the norm of the Corporation, the minimum distance between two adjacent streetlights is 25 metre.[34]
As on 2012, the Corporation maintains 262 bridges, road-overbridges and road-underbridges, including 65 high-level bridges, 31 box culverts, 81 slab culverts, 11 rail-overbridges, 14 rail-underbridges, 6 pedestrian subways, 6 causeways, 35 footbridges and 13 grade separators.[35]
In 2013, the Corporation acquired a Road Measurement Data Acquisition System (ROMDAS) to check the quality of newly laid roads.[36]
Parks and open green spacesEdit
See also: Parks in Chennai
Anna Park maintained by Anna University
Chennai has one of the lowest per capita green space in the country. As of 2012, It has only about 0.46 square metres per city dweller. According to the development rules, when plots measuring more than 10,000 square metres are developed, 10% of the area must be reserved as open space and gifted to the local bodies, and in plots measuring between 3,000 and 10,000 square metres, if gifting of 10% of the area as open space is not possible, cash equivalent can be paid. The money thus collected is utilized to develop the landscaping in the city.[37]
Since 1976, the Chennai Corporation has been collecting OSR charges and taking possession of land under the open space reservation rules. But so far it has not revealed what the total amount of land and cash collected. Data shows that since 2002, about 1.85 million square feet of land has been acquired.[38]
The Corporation maintains 260 public parks, 154 traffic islands, and 103 centre medians on major roads. Since the formation of the Corporation until 1947, the corporation had maintained 18 public play fields. As of 2012, the Corporation maintains 228 play fields, 234 gymnasiums, 4 shuttles indoor stadium, 1 basketball indoor stadium, and 2 swimming pools. Of the 228 play fields, about 14 have been designated as star play ground with facilities such as courts for football, tennis, volleyball, ball badminton, and basketball. The gymnasiums are used by about 50 to 100 people every day. Indoor shuttle courts are located in Mandaiveli, R. R. Colony in Jaffarkhanpet, Karpagam Avenue in Mylapore, and Nungambakkam. A basketball indoor stadium is located in Kilpauk Gardens. Swimming pools are located in Marina Beach and My Lady's Park. Skating rinks are located in Anna Nagar, Shenoy Nagar, Nungambakkam, Marina Beach, K. K. Nagar and T. Nagar.[39] The Corporation also maintains beaches within the city.[40]
There are about 13,787 lights installed and maintained in the park and play fields by the Corporation.[33]
There are 322 schools run by the Corporation, with a total student count of 130,000.[7] As per 2012-2013 corporation budget, 30 new English medium primary and middle schools will be started.[41] The civic body has also planned to construct 64 additional buildings on existing school campuses that require more classrooms. In addition, libraries and a career guidance centre would be set up in all corporation high and higher secondary schools.[41]
HealthEdit
The Corporation maintains 75 dispensaries, 36 malaria clinics, 42 tuberculosis microscopic centres, and 1 centre each for communicable diseases, NGO-run malaria clinic, filaria clinic, and filaria lymphodema management clinic. The Corporation maintains three slaughterhouses in Perambur, Villivakkam, and Saidapet, where an average of 1,500 sheep and 150 cattle are slaughtered every day.[7] As per 2012–2013 corporation budget, 11 new dental clinics will be set up in addition to the existing ones to ensure that every zone has a clinic.[41] A new hospital will be set up with a specialised leprosy centre and Mandambakkam to benefit the residents of South Chennai.[41] In 2007, it was reported that mosquitoes were the biggest menace in the city.[42] In 2012, the Corporation announced that it was planning to breed sterile male mosquitoes to bring down the population of female mosquitoes.[43]
The Corporation maintains electric furnace units at the burial grounds at Villivakkam, Nungambakkam, GKM colony, and Arumbakkam. It also maintains gassifier furnace units at Moolakothalam, Kannammapet, Besant Nagar Mylapore, Kasimedu, Vyasarpadi, Otteri, Thangal, Velangadu, Krishnampet, Saidapet, and Besant Nagar burial grounds.[33]
Solid waste managementEdit
Chennai Corporation's Mechanical Sweeper in action at the Beach Road
Headed by a Superintendent Engineer, the corporation is responsible for removal of solid waste within city limits. Every day, 4,500 metric tons of garbage is collected and removed from the city. Night conservancy is being carried out in all important roads and commercial areas of the city. In addition, door-to-door collection of garbage is followed in all zones in the city.[44] The waste is transported by 966 conservancy vehicles.[6] The corporation maintains dumping grounds at Kodungaiyur and Perungudi for dumping solid waste.[6]
Chennai is hit by shortage of sanitary workers. To counter this, the corporation is to appoint 4,000 sanitary inspectors, junior engineers and assistant executive engineers in 2012.[45]
Garbage in most zones was previously handled by JBM Fanalca Environment Management, a private company, and by the Chennai Corporation in the other zones. Solid Waste management in several parts of the city was subsequently handed over to Chennai Municipal Solid Waste Pvt. Ltd a special purpose vehicle run by the Hyderabad-based Ramky Group for a period of seven years starting January 2012;[46] elsewhere, Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited is described as a private company.[47] The company is reportedly running at a loss and the Corporation was alleged to have paid only ₹32.5 million of the ₹65 million bill.[48] The company handles the three zones of Kodambakkam, Teynampet, and Adyar, also runs a Toll-free telelphone number to answer queries relating to waste management.[49] The company also performed street plays to spread awareness on keeping the city clean.[50] The Corporation later decided to take penal action against the private agency for not keeping up its end of the deal.[51] In September, a show cause notice for termination of the contract was served, which was further upheld by the Madras High Court.[52]
In other zones, the Corporation looks after the removal and processing of solid waste in the others,[53] with a superintendent engineer managing the channels. As of 2011, 8 transfer stations exist within the city for treating the waste.[54] Garbage is dumped in two dump-yards in the city—One in Kodungaiyur and another in Perungudi, with a major portion of the latter covering the Pallikaranai marshland.[55] In market areas, the conservancy work is done during the night.[56] Water supply and sewage treatment are handled by the Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewage Board, popularly referred to as Metro Water. Electricity is supplied by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board.[57] Fire services are handled by the Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Service.[58] The city, along with the suburbs, has 33 operating fire stations.[59]
TelecommunicationEdit
The city's telephone service is provided by three landline companies: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), Reliance Jio and Bharti Airtel.[60] There are four mobile phone companies: BSNL, Vodafone Idea, Bharti Airtel and Reliance Jio, which offers GSM services. Broadband Internet access is provided by BSNL, Hathway, Bharti Airtel[61], You Broadband, Reliance Jio and ACT Broadband.
Waste managementEdit
The city generates 4,500 tonnes of garbage every day. The city has three dumpyards, one each at Perungudi, Kodungaiyur, and Pallikaranai. The corporation has planned to close these yards and create four new dumpyards at Malaipattu, Minjur, Vallur, and Kuthambakkam villages, ranging in size from 20 acres to 100 acres.[62][63] According to studies by the civic body, green waste and wood account for 39 percent of the city's garbage and food waste around 8 percent. The civic body also spends ₹4 billion (US$56 million) a year on solid waste management.[64] The corporation is planning to create a 200-acre park at the 269-acre Kodungaiyur dump yard and a 150-acre park at the 200-acre Perungudi dumpsite.[65]
WaterEdit
Historically, Chennai has relied on annual monsoon rains to replenish water reservoirs, as no major rivers flow through the area. Steadily growing in population, the city has faced water supply shortages, and its ground water levels have been depleted. Many residents buy water for drinking as well as other daily uses. An earlier Veeranam Lake project failed to solve the city's water problems, but the New Veeranam project, which became operational in September 2004, has greatly reduced dependency on distant sources.[66] In recent years, heavy and consistent monsoon rains and rainwater harvesting (RWH) by Chennai Metrowater at its Anna Nagar Rain Centre have significantly reduced water shortages. The Metrowater methods have become a model of RWH technology for other cities.[67] Moreover, newer projects like the Telugu Ganga project that bring water from water-surplus rivers like the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh have eased water shortages. The city is constructing sea water desalination plants to further increase the water supply.[68][69]
The city's water supply and sewage treatment are managed by the Chennai MetroWater Supply and Sewage Board. Water is drawn from Red Hills Lake and Chembarambakkam Lake, the primary water reservoirs of the city,[70] and treated at water treatment plants located at Kilpauk, Puzhal, Chembarambakkam[71] and supplied to the city through 27 water distribution stations.[72] The city receives 530 mld of water from Krishna River through Telugu Ganga project, 180 mld of water from the Veeranam lake project[71] and 100 mld of water from the Minjur desalination plant, the country's largest sea water desalination plant.[73][74][75] However, Chennai is predicted to face a huge deficit of 713 million litres per day (MLD) in 2026 as the demand is projected at 2,248 MLD and supply estimated at only 1,535 MLD.[76] There are 714 public toilets in the city managed by the city corporation,[77] and 2,000 more has been planned by the corporation.[78] The corporation also owns 52 community halls across the city.[79]
AwardsEdit
In December 2014, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) adjudged the Chennai Corporation as the best among all the government departments in terms of e-governance.[80]
GalleryEdit
India portal
List of Chennai Corporation wards
List of mayors of Chennai
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^ a b Ramakrishnan, Deepa H (20 September 2011). "Details of merged wards online soon". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
^ a b "சென்னை மாநகராட்சி எல்லைகள் விஸ்தரிப்பு- 200 வார்டுகளுடன் மெகா மாநகராட்சியானது". OneIndia.in. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
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^ * "Chennai Police ISO 9001:2000". Govt. of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 18 December 2005. Retrieved 9 August 2005.
^ Ramkumar, Pratiksha (14 October 2012). "Chennai Corporation's property tax collection up after four years". Times of India. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
^ "Rules / Procedure - Company Tax". Corporation of Chennai. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
^ a b "Company tax upped, capped at Rs. 30,000". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. 30 October 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
^ ALOYSIUS XAVIER LOPEZ (24 March 2012). "Chennai all set to turn brighter". Chennai. The Hindu. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
^ ALOYSIUS XAVIER LOPEZ (21 September 2012). "Where will the city's new flyovers be?". Chennai. The Hindu. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
^ ALOYSIUS XAVIER LOPEZ, 20 April 2012. "Space beneath 13 flyovers in city all set for makeover". Chennai. The Hindu. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
^ "Corporation to intensify mass cleaning programme". Chennai. The Hindu. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
^ "Civic body pressed on shifting abattoir". Chennai. The Hindu. 19 August 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
^ "சென்னை மாநகராட்சி வளர்ச்சிப்பணிகளுக்கு தமிழக அரசு ஒரே ஆண்டில் ரூ.1,900 கோடி நிதி ஒதுக்கீடு செய்துள்ளது மேயர் சைதை துரைசாமி தகவல்". Daily Thanthi (in Tamil). Chennai: Daily Thanthi. 1 December 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
^ Srikanth, R. (21 February 2014). "Chennai's transformers to become compact, safe". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
^ "Chennai's extended areas may get temporary storm water drains". The Times of India. Chennai: The Times Group. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
^ a b c "Electrical—History". Corporation of Chennai. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
^ a b "Added zones to get 60,000 LED streetlights". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. 20 December 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
^ "Departments—Bridges". Corporation of Chennai. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
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^ A., Srivathsan (26 March 2012). "Where is our patch of green, Mr. Mayor?". The Hindu. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
^ "List of OSR Sites Handed Over to Chennai Corporation" (PDF).
^ "Parks". Corporation of Chennai. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
^ "Chennai Corpn to beautify beaches". Chennai. The Times of India. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
^ a b c d Pratiksha Ramkumar (12 May 2012). "Chennai corporation budget focuses on education, health". Chennai. The Times of India. Retrieved 16 December 2012. CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ "Mosquitoes, not water, Chennai's Problem No.1". Chennai. The Hindu. 6 March 2007. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
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^ "Welcome to Greater Chennai Corporation". www.chennaicorporation.gov.in.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chennai Corporation.
The Chennai City Municipal Corporation Act, 1919
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greater_Chennai_Corporation&oldid=935546443"


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Jessie Pharr Slaton (1908-1983) was an American lawyer. She was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame shortly after her death on Korean Air Lines Flight 007.

Biography
She was born in 1908, in Atlanta. In 1918, Slaton moved with her family to Detroit. In the same city, she would receive her first job in 1933, at the Detroit City Hall, working as a secretary. This position made her one of the first African-Americans in the government of Detroit to hold a white-collar job. She left the position at the onset of World War II, and promptly enrolled in Wayne State University. After graduation, she worked as a special education teacher in the Detroit Public Schools schools system. Slaton not only became heavily involved in helping black men and women, but, in 1942 over a dispute involving the Sojourner Truth Housing Project, she took up law. After nine years, she graduated at the University of Detroit Law School and worked for Detroit as a lawyer. In 1972 she was appointed the first woman to be a referee in the Recorder's Court Traffic and Ordinance Division. Six years later, she became a Common Pleas Judge in the City of Detroit, and eventually retired. After a short retirement, she chaired the State Crime Victims Compensation Board, and would work in similar capacities until her final years.

On September 1, 1983, Slaton and six of her friends were travelling to Seoul, South Korea onboard Korean Air Lines Flight 007, for a two-week tour of the Far East. The aircraft was shot down by the Soviet Air Force after it deviated from its original planned route and flew through Soviet prohibited airspace, killing all 246 passengers and 23 crew. Slaton's remains were never recovered and a cenotaph honoring her is placed next to the grave of her husband George Henri, who predeceased her on 1975, at Elmwood Cemetery in Detroit.

References

1908 births
1983 deaths
People from Atlanta
Korean Air Lines Flight 007
African-American women lawyers
African-American lawyers
University of Detroit Mercy alumni
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1983
20th-century American women lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Soviet Union
Wayne State University alumni


The Pori festival is an exceedingly lively and popular festival celebrated across the whole of Himachal Pradesh, particularly in the Lahaul and Spiti region. Pori takes place from July to August annually, just after spring and during the monsoon, and lasts for many days. The festival is mainly observed by rural folk and commemorates four essential aspects – the bountiful season; the commencement of sacred events; the everlasting camaraderie between Himachal's discrete rural communities; and Lord Trilokinath – the venerable local deity.
The Pori festival invariably involves a grand fair where innumerable men, women, and children gather to dance, sing, play games, perform street plays, and commune with one another. Truly – during this period – the entire region becomes a potpourri of vibrant outfits, colorful accessories, folk music, and infectious merriment.
After the festivities, more solemn rituals take over with the teeming devotees fervently praying to Lord Trilokinath at local temples. The rites also involve an idol of the deity being showered and cleansed in milk and curds. Then, the devotees form local bands performing religious tunes and hymns devoted to Lord Trilokinath. The bands utilize an array of instruments to heighten the mood - from drums to conch shells and from cymbals to bugles. Later, a sizeable unified procession is led out on to the streets complete with a horse-drawn carriage, carrying the deity's idol, leading the way. Onlookers and passers-by bow before the horse and pay their respects to Lord Trilokinath. Next, the procession winds its way to the home of the particular province's most respected patriarch. Here the horse is nourished, bathed, and made to rest. After the horse is refreshed, the provincial patriarch rides the horse out on to the streets with his followers in tow. Together, they purchase apparel, provisions, and sweets and disseminate the same to the poor and needy.
The lighting of the ceremonial butter lamp is also an integral part of the Pori festival. In this, a butter lamp is lit at the commencement of the festival and sustained by continually adding butter till the festival's end. This round-the-clock butter incandescence is believed to bestow immense fortune and good wishes. Finally, upon the festival's completion, the ultimate rites are performed and colourful slivers of cloth are distributed – seen as blessings of Lord Trilokinath himself.