text:
O movimento de pinça ou envolvimento duplo é uma manobra militar em que os flancos do exército oponente são atacados simultaneamente por duas alas defensivas, movimentando-se como braços de uma pinça em reação ao ataque inimigo contra o centro do exército. O objetivo é cercar o atacante. O movimento completo inclui, ainda, partes da força defensiva circundando completamente a atacante por trás, evitando o envio de reforços.

Descrição
Um duplo envolvimento, por definição, resulta no exército atacante tendo que enfrentar o inimigo pela frente, nos dois flancos e na retaguarda. Se os braços da pinça juntarem-se na traseira, o inimigo ver-se-á completamente cercado. Batalhas desse tipo geralmente terminam na rendição ou na destruição completa das forças inimigas, embora as forças cercadas ainda possam tentar uma escapada, atacando o cerco por dentro numa tentativa de rompê-lo, ou uma força amiga também pode atacar por fora tentando abrir uma rota de fuga para os cercados.

História
Sun Tzu na "Arte da Guerra" especulou sobre esta manobra, mas recomendou contra a sua aplicação, entendendo que o mais provável de acontecer era a fuga do exército atacante antes de o cerco completar-se. Ele argumentou que o melhor seria abrir ao inimigo uma rota de fuga, pois um exército completamente cercado lutaria muito mais ferozmente.

A manobra foi provavelmente utilizada pela primeira vez na Batalha de Maratona em 490 a.C. O historiador Heródoto relata como o general ateniense Milcíades organizou as suas forças de 10 mil hoplitas atenienses e 900 plateienses numa formação em U, com as alas muito mais profundas do que o centro (na quantidade de filas de soldados). Os seus inimigos superavam-lhe em número enormemente, e Milcíades preferiu enfrentar a profundidade das forças persas afinando o seu centro e reforçando as alas. No decurso da batalha, as formações centrais, mais fracas, recuaram ordenadamente, o que abriu espaço para as alas convergirem por detrás da linha frontal persa, provocando pânico nas mais numerosas — e menos armadas — forças inimigas.

Aníbal executou essa manobra na Batalha de Cannae em 216 a.C., naquela que é considerada pelos historiadores militares como uma das maiores manobras de combate da história, citada como o primeiro movimento de pinça de sucesso a ter sido registrado em detalhes pelo historiador grego Políbio.

A manobra também foi utilizada com sucesso por Calide ibne Ualide na Batalha de Ualaja em 633, por Alparslano na Batalha de Manziquerta em 1071 (chamada de "tática do Crescente"), na Batalha de Mohács de Solimão, o Magnífico, em 1526, e pelo marechal de campo Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld na Batalha de Fraustadt em 1706.

O plano de Daniel Morgan na Batalha de Cowpens (Carolina do Sul) em 1781 durante a Guerra da Independência Americana é amplamente considerada uma obra-prima tática da época.

Outros usos
Uma versão dessa manobra era a tática padrão dos impis zulus, que a chamavam de formação "chifre de búfalo".

Uma forma rudimentar dessa manobra também foi empregada por Gengis Khan, conhecida coloquialmente como tática dos "chifres". Nesse caso, dois flancos de cavalaria cercavam o inimigo, embora eles raramente se encontrassem na retaguarda, deixando ao inimigo uma rota de fuga.

O movimento de pinça alcançou a perfeição  na blitzkrieg da Alemanha Nazista durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. No caso, além de uma mera manobra de infantaria, a manobra evoluiu para uma complexa empreitada multi-disciplinar envolvendo o avanço rápido da infantaria mecanizada, o uso de barragens de artilharia, bombardeios aéreos e o uso efetivo de comunicações por rádio, culminando na destruição das hierarquias de comando e controle inimigas, minando o moral das tropas, e na desorganização das linhas de suprimentos.

Batalhas onde manobras de pinça foram utilizadas

 Batalha de St. Vith
 Batalha de Medellín
 Batalha de Maratona
 Batalha de Trébia
 Batalha de Canas
 Batalha de Walaja
 Batalha de Manziquerta
 Batalha de Cowpens
 Batalha de Fraustadt
 Batalha de San Lorenzo
 Segunda Batalha de Bull Run (1862)
 Batalha de Tannenberg (1914)
 Batalha de Khalkhin Gol (envolvimento operacional)
 Batalha de Estalingrado (envolvimento estratégico)
 Invasão Soviética da Manchúria
 Guerra dos Seis Dias
 Operação Postern

Ligações externas

Estratégia militar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


ONE YEAR of ACCESS 30+ interviews with top experts on the ISO 9001:2015 revision to help you prepare. Topics include the basics of the revision, key changes such as risk-based thinking, industry effects, transition tips and the concurrent ISO 14001 revision. Content will be continuously added and updated leading up to revision's release.


This dissertation presents an account of the life and work of the South African Lyricist Harold David (Hal) Shaper (1931-2004). The wealth of archival material that the project has uncovered is due to Shaper having meticulously kept most of his correspondence, diaries, song-writing drafts and autobiographical notes, as well as newspapers cuttings and magazine articles pertaining to his career. This study aims to provide an insight into his life and his hitherto largely unknown achievements, before the relevant documents are lost or dispersed. Shaper's family roots stem from Jewish persecution in eastern Europe. His mother was born in Poland, and his father in England, of Russian immigrant parents. His parents both came to South Africa in the early 1900s in search of a better quality of life. This background, and his parents' meeting in Cape Town, are detailed in Chapter One. Chapter Two describes Shaper's early years, which were spent in the Cape Town suburb of Muizenberg, and it was here, at the age of fourteen, that he decided that he wanted to be a songwriter. Even while studying in Cape Town to be a lawyer, he confidently and determinedly set about achieving his song-writing ambitions. Chapter Three follows Shaper's move to London, and his development as a lyricist, which resulted in his working with some of the foremost artists and composers of his generation He also wrote the lyrics for several successful musical theatre productions. These are discussed in detail in Chapter Four. After a very successful song-writing and business career overseas, Shaper returned to South Africa in 1992, when the political climate had begun to change. His considerable contribution to the artistic life of post-apartheid South Africa is explored in Chapter Five. His creation of a South Africa version of La Bohème, which he called La Bohème: Noir, helped ensure the continued survival of opera at a time of political change, when the relevance and cost of this art form were being questioned Shaper was also instrumental in locating the long-lost burial record and grave of Enoch Sontonga, the composer of Nkosi sikele' iAfrika. This, too, is described in Chapter 5. While he was living and working in England, Shaper founded his own music publishing company, the Sparta Florida Music Group Ltd, which he expanded to include song production and recording. Chapter Six gives a brief overview of his business interests. The dissertation ends with a conclusion which summarises the most important achievements of the life and legacy of Hal Shaper, and the events and people that shaped it.
Mertens, D. 2008. The life and legacy of Harold David (Hal) Shaper (1931-2004). University of Cape Town.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-114).


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This IBM Redbooks publication is Volume 5 of a five-volume set that is designed to introduce the structure of an OS/390 and S/390 operating environment. The set will help you install, tailor, and configure an OS/390 operating system, and is intended for system programmers who are new to an OS/390 environment.
This IBM Redbooks publication is Volume 4 of a five-volume set that is designed to introduce the structure of an OS/390 and S/390 operating environment. The set will help you install, tailor, and configure an OS/390 operating system, and is intended for system programmers who are new to an OS/390 environment.
This IBM Redbooks publication is Volume 3 of a five-volume set that is designed to introduce the structure of an OS/390 and S/390 operating environment. The set will help you install, tailor, and configure an OS/390 operating system, and is intended for system programmers who are new to an OS/390 environment.
This IBM Redbooks publication is Volume 2 of a five-volume set that is designed to introduce the structure of an OS/390 and S/390 operating environment. The set will help you install, tailor, and configure an OS/390 operating system, and is intended for system programmers who are new to an OS/390 environment.
This IBM Redbooks publication is Volume 1 of a five-volume set that is designed to introduce the structure of an OS/390 and S/390 operating environment. The set will help you install, tailor, and configure an OS/390 operating system, and is intended for system programmers who are new to an OS/390 environment.


text:
Photography exhibit celebrates Black family and community
Last year, medical student John Johnson MD'23 turned to his photography as a way of processing the intense emotions surfacing after the murders of Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery, and George Floyd. The result was a collection of powerful images of his family and community in Greenville, MS.
Johnson turned those images into an exhibit, "I Can't Remember What I Yelled Back," that is on display at The Warren Alpert Medical School building through May. Photos of Johnson's cousin, niece, even his grandmother, depict the beauty and joy of Black lives in the American South.
In his artist statement, Johnson writes, "One of the more insidious forms racism takes is presenting Blackness as a monolith. While this project does work to deconstruct the facile understanding of Blackness many people hold, it was not made with the intention of proving that we are not a monolith. In an effort to prove, one is ultimately giving someone else the authority. The sole purpose of this project is to present a perspective that may not be otherwise encountered."
Johnson wanted to exhibit his photographs in a place that his fellow medical students could not miss them: the first floor of the Medical School building. "To future physicians, patient perspectives are not optional. Presenting these photographs on the first floor means the viewer must engage with this perspective in one way or another. Whether that engagement be through careful consideration or by completely neglecting it, both scenarios are equally important," he writes.
Because the Medical School building is not open to the public due to COVID-19 safety protocols, filmmaker and medical student Adeiyewunmi Osinubi '18 MD'22 created a companion video about the project so that it can be shared broadly.
https://www.youtube.com/embed/i1HlGtXlnRU
Photographer John Johnson, a medical student at The Warren Alpert Medical School, talks about his photography exhibit. Film by Ade Osinubi.
Johnson graduated from Tougaloo College in 2019 with a degree in biology. He has exhibited his work in the Columbus Arts Council, Tougaloo College, and the Mississippi Museum of Art.
Support for the exhibit was provided by the Brown Arts Initiative, the AMS Arts Council, and the Provost's Addressing Systemic Racism Fund.
Open details for Photography exhibit celebrates Black family and community


text:
Q: Disable DefaultDoc using powershell in IIS6 I have script to create apps in IIS6. Now we are developing in MVC and I need to disable (uncheck) the default document using the same script. I can't find the way to do it.
I create the app using this code:
$app = $path.Create("IIsWebVirtualDir", $AppNom)
$app.AppCreate2(1)
$app.Put("AppFriendlyName", $AppNom)
$app.Put("Path", $AppPath)
$app.Put("DefaultDoc", "$AppDefDoc")
$app.Put("AppPoolId", "$AppPoolNom")
$app.SetInfo()

A: Finally it's pretty easy, if you already have a application configured:
$vDirName = "App"
$iisWebSite = Get-WmiObject -Namespace 'root\MicrosoftIISv2' -Class IISWebServerSetting -Filter "ServerComment = '$siteName'"
$iisVD = "IIS://LocalHost/$($iisWebSite.Name)/ROOT/$vDirName"
$app = [adsi] $iisVD
$app.DirBrowseFlags.Set_Value("62")
$app.Commitchanges()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
MovieStop was a retailer of new and used movies and related merchandise. It was founded in 2004 as a division of GameStop. GameStop spun off MovieStop to private owners in 2012. In November 2014 MovieStop was purchased by Draw Another Circle LLC, the parent company of Hastings Entertainment. The company website was folded into GoHastings.com the next year. As of November 2014, MovieStop operated 44 stores in 10 U.S. states. All stores were closed by October 31, 2016 as part of Hastings' liquidation.

References

External links
 Moviestop official website

GameStop
Retail companies of the United States
American companies established in 2004
Retail companies established in 2004
Retail companies disestablished in 2016
2012 mergers and acquisitions
2014 mergers and acquisitions


text:
Laughter and Seriousness
I have a friend who sends me an e-mail almost everyday to put a smile on my face. I call it my "merry heart medicine," based on what King Solomon said in Proverbs 17:22 "A merry heart doeth good like a medicine." Yesterday my friend sent this joke that was too cute not to share. I'm sure she thought I'd like it because of the teacup reference.
The Bathtub Test
During a visit to a mental asylum, a visitor asked the doctor what the criterion was to define whether or not a patient should be institutionalized.
"Well," said the doctor, "We fill up a bathtub. We then offer a teaspoon, a teacup, and a bucket to the patient and ask him/her to empty the bathtub."
"Oh, I understand," said the visitor. "A normal person would use the bucket because it's bigger than the teaspoon or the teacup."
"No," the doctor replied. "A normal person would pull the plug. Do you want a bed near the window?"
It's corny, but it made me smile! Now on to a more serious subject...
When I spoke to the seniors on Sunday, I also told them about the 22nd and 24th President of the United States - Grover Cleveland and his wife, Frances Folsom Cleveland.
Cleveland was the only president to be reelected after being voted out, and he was the first President to be married in the White House [Blue Room]. His wife, Frances, was 21 years old, and Cleveland was 49 when they married. Becoming First Lady at age 21, Frances remains the youngest First Lady in history, as well as the only First Lady to be married in the White House.
Frances was the daughter of Grover Cleveland's longtime friend and law partner, Oscar Folsom. Mr. Cleveland knew her from birth, and gave her a baby carriage when she was born. Frances was 11 years old when her father was killed in a carriage accident, and Cleveland became her unofficial legal guardian. She called him "Uncle Cleve" and he called her "Frank."
They didn't become romantically involved until Frances was in college, when Grover asked her mother's permission to write her. They fell in love, but Mr. Cleveland waited until she graduated to propose. They kept their engagement a secret for nearly a year and revealed it just five days before their wedding. It was a small wedding with a few relatives, close friends, and Cabinet members and their wives attending.
When Cleveland was asked about his long bachelorhood and why he didn't marry, he'd reply, "I am waiting for my wife to grow up." Their marriage turned out to be among the happiest in presidential history.
In one of his love letters to Frances he states: "I have been thinking a good deal lately how nice it would be to have a little house a few miles away and live there - coming to the White House at regular times and having all the official dinners here, but have a place where it should not enter, and where the President and his family could live like other people..." And Cleveland did exactly that when he purchased a 27 acre working farm in the Georgetown Heights section of Washington later called Cleveland Park. They only lived at the White House during the active social season from November to December, and February to April. Frances called their home, "Oak View." They sold it when they left Washington in 1889. When they returned to Washington in 1893 for another Presidential term they rented a home called Woodley.
Frances Cleveland was a social success and the press loved her. She gave many teas in the Green Room at the White House, and purchased Haviland, Limoges china for that purpose.
The Clevelands had five children: Ruth, Esther - the first President's child to be born in the White House, Marion, Richard, and Francis.
I discovered the Curtiss Candy Company named the Baby Ruth candy bar after President and Mrs. Cleveland's first daughter, Ruth - not Babe Ruth, the baseball player as I always thought. So for fun, I gave each lady at Sunday's tea party a Baby Ruth candy bar. They loved their unexpected treat! ;-)
Nestle's is now the maker of Baby Ruth bars, and in 2006 it became the official candy bar of Major League Baseball. History is so fascinating!
Labels: Grover and Frances Cleveland
Angela McRae February 24, 2015 at 8:05 AM
What a delightful post! And I loved your friend's joke ... guess I'm ready to book my room, ha!
s. franks February 24, 2015 at 11:50 AM
Enjoyed the joke. I got it!
Steph February 24, 2015 at 2:22 PM
More new facts, what a great love story!
Blue Jeans And Teacups February 25, 2015 at 1:25 PM
You share the best stuff! What an age difference they had, and yet they had a happy life. That is wonderful!! And the candy bar fact - awesome!
Rosemary February 27, 2015 at 6:30 PM
Such an informative post - thanks for the history lesson full of interesting facts. I always thought it was for Babe Ruth, too!
Thursday Teas at Two
Armoire Photo Cabinet
A Teddy Bear President
A Tea for Seniors
Tea Themed Stationery
Love Letters and Tea
2015 Downton Days at Meadow Brook Hall
Fundraiser Tea at the former Hudson Home
Hudson's Memorabilia Collection
Hudson's Memorabilia Birthday Gifts
Tea Angel Collection
Three Fun Days!
A Sentimental Throw Back and Tea Themed Jewelry Co...
Surprise! Surprise!
Tea Themed Collections - More Linens 'n Things
Tea Themed Collections - Linens 'n Things
Apron Collection


text:
package im.vector.activity;

import android.app.SearchManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Filter;

import androidx.appcompat.widget.SearchView;
import androidx.core.view.MenuItemCompat;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

import java.util.Locale;

import im.vector.R;
import im.vector.VectorApp;
import im.vector.adapters.LanguagesAdapter;
import im.vector.settings.VectorLocale;
import im.vector.ui.themes.ActivityOtherThemes;
import im.vector.ui.themes.ThemeUtils;

public class LanguagePickerActivity extends VectorAppCompatActivity implements LanguagesAdapter.OnSelectLocaleListener, SearchView.OnQueryTextListener {

    private View mLanguagesEmptyView;
    private LanguagesAdapter mAdapter;
    private SearchView mSearchView;

    /*
     * *********************************************************************************************
     * Static methods
     * *********************************************************************************************
     */

    public static Intent getIntent(final Context context) {
        return new Intent(context, LanguagePickerActivity.class);
    }

    /*
     * *********************************************************************************************
     * Activity lifecycle
     * *********************************************************************************************
     */

    @NotNull
    @Override
    public ActivityOtherThemes getOtherThemes() {
        return ActivityOtherThemes.Picker.INSTANCE;
    }

    @Override
    public int getLayoutRes() {
        return R.layout.activity_langagues_picker;
    }

    @Override
    public int getTitleRes() {
        return R.string.settings_select_language;
    }

    @Override
    public void initUiAndData() {
        configureToolbar();

        initViews();
    }

    @Override
    public int getMenuRes() {
        return R.menu.menu_languages_picker;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        final MenuItem searchItem = menu.findItem(R.id.action_search);
        if (searchItem != null) {
            SearchManager searchManager = (SearchManager) getSystemService(Context.SEARCH_SERVICE);
            mSearchView = (SearchView) MenuItemCompat.getActionView(searchItem);
            mSearchView.setMaxWidth(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
            mSearchView.setSubmitButtonEnabled(false);
            mSearchView.setQueryHint(getString(R.string.search_hint));
            mSearchView.setSearchableInfo(searchManager.getSearchableInfo(getComponentName()));
            mSearchView.setOnQueryTextListener(this);
            SearchView.SearchAutoComplete searchAutoComplete = mSearchView.findViewById(com.google.android.material.R.id.search_src_text);
            searchAutoComplete.setHintTextColor(ThemeUtils.INSTANCE.getColor(this, R.attr.vctr_default_text_hint_color));
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mSearchView != null) {
            mSearchView.setOnQueryTextListener(null);
        }
    }

    /*
     * *********************************************************************************************
     * UI
     * *********************************************************************************************
     */

    private void initViews() {
        mLanguagesEmptyView = findViewById(R.id.languages_empty_view);
        RecyclerView languagesRecyclerView = findViewById(R.id.languages_recycler_view);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        layoutManager.setOrientation(RecyclerView.VERTICAL);
        languagesRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        mAdapter = new LanguagesAdapter(VectorLocale.INSTANCE.getSupportedLocales(), this);
        languagesRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
    }

    private void filterLocales(final String pattern) {
        mAdapter.getFilter().filter(pattern, new Filter.FilterListener() {
            @Override
            public void onFilterComplete(int count) {
                mLanguagesEmptyView.setVisibility(count > 0 ? View.GONE : View.VISIBLE);
            }
        });
    }

    /*
     * *********************************************************************************************
     * Listener
     * *********************************************************************************************
     */

    @Override
    public void onSelectLocale(Locale locale) {
        VectorApp.updateApplicationLocale(locale);
        setResult(RESULT_OK);
        finish();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) {
        filterLocales(newText);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
        return true;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to detect claps in iOS? I am working on making an app that performs an action when the sound of a clap is recognized. I have looked into simply measuring the average and peak power from an AVAudioRecorder and this works okay, but if there are other sounds then it reports lots of false positives. I believe I need some kind of audio fingerprinting for this to work while other audio is playing. Now I know that this has been asked a lot before on SO, but most of the answers say something along the lines of "Use FFT" and then the person says "Oh okay!" but no clear explanation is given and I still have no idea how to correctly identify sounds using an FFT.
Can anyone clearly explain, cite another tutorial, or post a link to a library that can identify sounds using audio fingerprinting?
Thanks!


Typical Job Costs:$170,000.00 - 1,000,000.00Costs depend on project.. We are active in the remodeling of homes for investors and are budget conscious. For custom additions and new construction the budget increases per clients requirements.
Commented: TubThis is a MAAX Jazz tub! Very good value!
Commented: Beautiful chandelier, please share the source.Yes it is lovely! It is called the Hampton from Crystorama. They have many lovely profiles to choose from. Best of luck to you and thank you.
Commented: Piano RoomThank you, it would be my pleasure to assist you build your dream!
Commented: What material is used in the showr and on the tub surround?Travertine was used for this. The following house we used beautiful poreclain tiles. I did want to use limestone but it is extremely difficult to deal with in a shower.
Commented: Beautiful! What is the wall color? Thank youSherwin Williams SW7021 Simple White, thank you.


text:
Quandong (escritura alternativa Quongdong) es el nombre dado a varias especies de plantas silvestres de bosques, sabanas y matorrales en Australia y sus frutas comestibles. Las especies de las plantas se encuentran en dos géneros sin relación, Santalum y Elaeocarpus. Una pertenece al género Elaeocarpaceae.

Dos de las cuales pertenecen al género sándalo, Santalum;
 Quandong; también aparece con la descripción, quandong del desierto o quandong dulce o melocotón nativo. La especie fue ampliamente usada por los primeros australianos, Santalum acuminatum, y de las primeras en aparecer en productos comerciales. Está ampliamente dispersada en todos los desiertos centrales y las áreas áridas del sur de Australia. Cuando se lee de las raíces, semillas y humo siendo usados para propósitos medicinales y ceremoniales es muy probable que se refiera al sándalo australiano, Santalum spicatum. El sándalo australiano tiene una nuez más grande y palatable.

 Quandong amargo es el nombre vernacular que se usa para describir a Santalum murrayanum. A la especie también se le llama Katunga, Burn-burn, Mangata, o Ming. Las plantas en este género, Santalum, no son totalmente parasítas de raíces, lo que significa que algunos de sus requerimientos los toma de las raíces de otras plantas. El quandong amargo, como el nombre lo sugiere, es un fruto amargo, pero se parece al fruto rojo del quangdong del desierto.

La tercera especie está en otro orden, Oxalidales, pero se le denomina también como un tipo de quandong.

 Quandong azul, es la especie Elaeocarpus angustifolius (sin. E. grandis), también conocida como quandong cepillo, quandong plateado, higo azul y Coolan. Este pertenece a un género diferente y usualmente se categoriza con los otros debido a la similitud de la semilla y el fruto. Sin embargo  diferencia del quandong del desierto, esta es una fruta ácida, teniendo una textura y un dejo algo parecidos a la oliva. La fruta solo madura en cuestión de horas entre la fruta inmadura a la condición harinosa,  desmoronadiza y sin sabor después de la maduración. Los quandongs azules son frecuentemente comidos por los casuarios.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 The Desert Quandong
 Australian Quandong Industry Association
 The Quandong Story
 Quandong Bibliography

Flora de Australia
Gastronomía de Australia
Frutos del desierto


text:
Pleyer ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Barbara Rotraut Pleyer (1929–2000), deutsche politische Aktivistin
 Frank Pleyer (1929–2006), deutscher Jazz- und Unterhaltungsmusiker
 Hilde Pleyer (1923–2003), österreichische Politikerin (SPÖ), Abgeordnete zum Burgenländischen Landtag
 Klemens Pleyer (1921–2000), deutscher Jurist und Hochschullehrer
 Kleo Pleyer (1898–1942), österreichischer Historiker und NS-Agitator
 Lisa Pleyer (* 1978), österreichische Mountainbikefahrerin
 Marcus Pleyer (* 1969), deutscher Jurist und politischer Beamter
 Peter Pleyer (1933–2011), deutscher Film- und Medienwissenschaftler
 Wilhelm Pleyer (1901–1974), sudetendeutscher Schriftsteller und Journalist

Siehe auch:
 Pleier
 Bleyer
 Bleier


text:
Q: JNA receive a struct containing a string from C/C++ I'm trying to use JNA to get some structs back from a C/C++ library that contains fixed length char arrays.  In C++ since I'm not dynamically allocating anything I can just return the struct back via copy to a calling function... and would like to keep that signature if I can going to Java.  I'm pretty new to JNA and Java so I'm sure I'm just missing something...
A simplified version of the C++ struct looks something like this:
 typedef struct MyData_
 {
   int id;
   char name[256];
 } MyData;

 ...

 extern "C"
 MyData fnGetData();

The JNA class is like this:
 public static class MyData extends Structure
 {
     public static class ByValue extends MyData implements Structure.ByValue {}
     public int id;
     public String name;

     @Override
     protected List getFieldOrder()
     {
         return Arrays.asList(new String[] { "id", "name", });
     }
 }

 MyData.ByValue fnGetData();

This gives an error.  I've also tried using public char[] name = new char[256]; in the class declaration but that's not doing the right thing.
If I follow the example found at http://www.eshayne.com/jnaex/example12.html I can get it to work but their solution has me allocating the character array on the heap in my C++ library, which I then need to create a 2nd call to go and free the memory when I'm done with it in Java.  I was hopeful I could keep this on the stack and just return a copy.
I can change things up so that I use ByReference and allocate the structure in Java and send it through the parameter list to the C code for filling, but I am not sure how to allocate the fixed length char buffer on the Java side...
Ideally, I'd like to only make one call through JNA and just stick with managed memory.  Any suggestions?  Is it best to just go with the way that is described on that link or is there another way to do this?

A: Your native structure contains an array of bytes, which may or may not be NUL-terminated.  This should be represented by byte[] in Java, and use Native.toString(byte[]) to convert it to a String.
You should only use String when the native type is [const ]char *.