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Q: Is it possible to hijack standard out I am trying to redirect the stdout of an already running process on Windows XP using C#. I am aware that I can do this if I spawn the process myself, but for this application I would prefer a "listener" i could just attach to another process.
Is this possible in pure .Net and if not is it even possible with Win32?
Thanks
UPDATE: There are multiple processes I am trying to monitor that are all started by a "gate keeper" process that will restart these processes if they crash. This makes it difficult for me to do any redirecting up front.

A: It would be fairly easy to do this in Win32 using the Detours Library. You'd look at all calls to WriteFile, and check whether they were going to standard output. You might also want to look at the console output functions (e.g. WriteConsoleOutput) but they're used rarely enough that you probably don't need to bother for use with most programs.
Offhand I don't remember whether detours directly supports use from .NET languages or not. If it doesn't, I suppose you could still use it via P/Invoke, but I don't think it would be pretty at all...
Edit: There are various similar (free) libraries around. For one example, Jeffrey Richter's book Advanced Windows used to include one that should work for this purpose. A quick look indicates that his current Windows via C/C++ still includes a section on "DLL injection and API hooking." That probably includes (and updated version of) the same code, which should be adequate for this kind of job.

A: SetOut method allows you to redirect standard output.
var sb = new StringBuilder();
using (var writer = new StringWriter(sb))
{
    Console.SetOut(writer);
    Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
}
var result = sb.ToString();
// The result variable will contain Hello World\r\n

A: I don't have the experience of actually doing this, but I think you should take a look at this StackOverflow question. Next step would be to open objects associated with thos handles for reading and somehow determine which one is standard output and error.   I doubt you will be able to hijack the handles. For example imagine the scenario when some other process already redirected standard output and possesses a handle and maybe even used some IPC to have some other processes have that handle too.
Sorry for not giving a definitive answer whether this is possible. I would like to know this myself.

A: This will do what your looking for I didn't know if you were using c++ so I just used c conventions.  You need to clean this up before you use it I I just baned it out also make sure to close the handles to the pipe or you will leak.
// RunCmd.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
int RunCmd(_TCHAR * Command,_TCHAR **OutPut);
bool HasTerminated(PROCESS_INFORMATION PI,DWORD *ExitCode);
bool HasData(HANDLE H);
void ErrorExit(LPTSTR lpszFunction);

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
 _TCHAR * Buffer;
 _TCHAR CmdLine[] = _TEXT("Outputter.exe");
 RunCmd(CmdLine,&Buffer);
 wprintf(_TEXT("Buffer from other pgm \n%s"),Buffer);
 free(Buffer);
}

int RunCmd(_TCHAR * Command,_TCHAR ** OutPut)
{
 _TCHAR * CpBUff = NULL;
 STARTUPINFO SI;
 memset(&SI,0,sizeof(SI));
 *OutPut = NULL;
 SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES SA;
 SA.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
 SA.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
 SA.bInheritHandle = true;
 HANDLE ReadOutPut, WriteOutPut;
 if(!CreatePipe(&ReadOutPut,&WriteOutPut,&SA,0))
 {
  wprintf(_TEXT("Error"));
 }
 SI.hStdOutput = WriteOutPut;
 SI.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
 SI.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
 PROCESS_INFORMATION PI;

 if (!CreateProcess(NULL,Command,&SA,NULL,true,CREATE_NO_WINDOW,NULL,NULL,&SI,&PI))
 {

  ErrorExit(TEXT("CreateProcess"));
 }
 Sleep(500);
 DWORD ExitCode;
 char Buffer[512];
 _TCHAR ConvBuff[512];
 int Total =0;
 bool Zero;
 while (!HasTerminated(PI,&ExitCode) & HasData(ReadOutPut))
 {
  ZeroMemory(Buffer,512*sizeof(char));
  ZeroMemory(ConvBuff,512 * sizeof(_TCHAR));
  DWORD NumBytesRead;
  ReadFile(ReadOutPut,Buffer,512,&NumBytesRead,NULL);
  Zero = Total == 0;
  Total += NumBytesRead +1;
  *OutPut = ((_TCHAR *) realloc(*OutPut,Total*sizeof(_TCHAR)));
  if(Zero)
  {
   ZeroMemory(*OutPut,Total * sizeof(_TCHAR));
  }
  size_t ConChar;
  mbstowcs_s(&ConChar,ConvBuff,strlen(Buffer)+1,Buffer,511);
  StringCchCat(*OutPut,Total,ConvBuff);
 }
 CloseHandle(PI.hProcess);
 CloseHandle(PI.hThread);
 return ExitCode;

}

bool HasTerminated(PROCESS_INFORMATION PI,DWORD *ExitCode)
{
 return (STILL_ACTIVE == GetExitCodeProcess(PI.hProcess,ExitCode));
}

bool HasData(HANDLE H)
{
 char Buffer[25];
 DWORD ReadBytes,TotalBytes,TotalLeft;

 PeekNamedPipe(H,Buffer,25,&ReadBytes,&TotalBytes,&TotalLeft);
 return ReadBytes > 0;

}

void ErrorExit(LPTSTR lpszFunction)
{
    // Retrieve the system error message for the last-error code

    LPVOID lpMsgBuf;
    LPVOID lpDisplayBuf;
    DWORD dw = GetLastError();

    FormatMessage(
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
        NULL,
        dw,
        MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
        (LPTSTR) &lpMsgBuf,
        0, NULL );

    // Display the error message and exit the process

    lpDisplayBuf = (LPVOID)LocalAlloc(LMEM_ZEROINIT,
        (lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpMsgBuf) + lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpszFunction) + 40) * sizeof(TCHAR));
    StringCchPrintf((LPTSTR)lpDisplayBuf,
        LocalSize(lpDisplayBuf) / sizeof(TCHAR),
        TEXT("%s failed with error %d: %s"),
        lpszFunction, dw, lpMsgBuf);
    MessageBox(NULL, (LPCTSTR)lpDisplayBuf, TEXT("Error"), MB_OK);

    LocalFree(lpMsgBuf);
    LocalFree(lpDisplayBuf);
    ExitProcess(dw);
}


With its soaring popularity in recent times, oil has come to be a new-age beauty fix of some kind. From the rose gold speckled elixir that's spotted all over Instagram to the celebrity favoured dark Josie Maran bottle, it seems like a dressing table is incomplete without a beauty oil on it. From applying it as a serum to moisturising one's lips prior to swiping on liquid lipstick, there isn't a single beauty addict who hasn't experienced oil in their hair or skin care routine, in some way or another.
So how did the human population decide to suddenly bestow oil with a badge of honour as a fixer of frizzy hair and moisturiser of dry skin? Well, for one it isn't a modern discovery at all. Back in ancient Egypt, Cleopatra is said to have favoured olive and sesame oil. From my own experience as an Indian woman, oil being used in beauty treatments is far from new. In fact, my earliest memory of it is from head massages with coconut oil during my school days, which was enough to leave me mellowed and relaxed for the rest of the day. As per Indian tradition, even new mothers and their babies receive oil massages to stimulate their blood circulation and firm their skin.
The revival of beauty oil is one I saw coming. So the recent popularity of the liquid in beauty; be it as an essential oil blend for lustrous hair growth, an oil pulling base or a moisturiser, made me happy to see the industry go back to its roots. Even with an oily skin type and scalp, the substance has been a permanent part of my beauty routine, whether it's on trend or not. As I consider myself an OG oil obsessor of sorts, today I'm telling you about my favourite hair and beauty oils plus how my adoration for them began.
As with most babies, my connection with Johnson's began at infancy with their creamy soaps and comforting lotions . Little did I know, decades later I'd be going back to where it all began, albeit for a different skin of skin care. Since my skin type is generally oily, moisturising is an area that I can sometimes afford to cut some slack in because sebum has my back. So it was unprecedented one winter, when I noticed that my limbs were dry and flaky. While lotion is something I procrastinate with using until I step outside, I zeroed in on Johnson's Baby Oil to moisturise my skin through the night without leaving me sticky. All it took were a few applications to find that the lightweight baby oil left my skin supple, shiny and as fragrant as a new born!
Like I mentioned earlier, I'm a whole hearted supporter of coconut oil and for that, I'm eternally grateful to my grandmother and mother for always having a bottle on hand. While my love affair with it began in childhood, it bloomed when I hit adulthood. Lip scrub? Add a little brown sugar to it and scrub away. Spa day? Nothing like my favourite head massage to top it off. In the past few years, I've also trusted the pure handmade oil as a make up remover for my oily, sensitive skin. After trying scores of dual phased removers, till date there's nothing that melts even the most high coverage make up like my favourite coconut oil.
If the inclusion of micellar water seems like an odd fit to this list, let me explain. By definition, micelles are oil cleansing molecules which form the gentle substance by attracting impurities and drawing them out of the skin. The L'Oreal Skin Perfection Micellar Water seemed like the natural choice for my sensitive skin and I couldn't have been more right! It leaves the skin fresh after easily cleansing away make up, sits lightly on the face when used as a toner and doesn't feel greasy or harsh for a second.
Possibly the most renowned hair oil out there, I first discovered MorrocanOil Treatment Original at the Taj Salon. At first I wrote it off as one of those overrated beauty products that people buy because of the hype but it was only until I tried it that I realised how wrong I was. Other than leaving the hair with a delectable fragrance, this Argan Oil infused wonder soothes frizz in a jiffy, adds a glossy finish and leaves hair so smooth, you'll want to keep running your fingers through it. If there's only one review you trust, make it this one because the MorrocanOil Treatment is the hair oil, serum and styling potion that good hair days are made off.


The laughs are sure to be rolling in with an evening from comedian Seann Walsh in his show After This One I'm Going Home.
Edinburgh Comedy Award nominee and the self-dubbed Lie-In King, Seann is regarded as one of the best observational comedians of his generation. Returning from his run in America, where he made his USA television debut appearance on Conan, Seann Walsh is back on tour in the UK and will be at Worthing's Assembly Hall on Saturday, April 6.
Seann made his acting debut in Comedy Central's sitcom Big Bad World, quickly followed by the lead role in Monks (BBC One). He used his physical comedy abilities in Sky's silent comedy, Three Kinds of Stupid, which led to him producing, writing and starring in his own silent comedy web-series The Drunk. He also wrote and starred in his own Sky short for Sky Arts and is now co-starring in Jack Dee's new sitcom Bad Move (ITV one). He recently made his feature film debut as the children's nemesis in family film, 2:hrs.
Most recently he starred in the hugely popular BBC series Strictly Come Dancing 2018 dancing with Katya Jones.
Tickets for Seann Walsh: After This I'm Going Home are available from the Worthing Theatres box office on 01903 206 206 and online at .


text:
Alternative & Experimental Cinema
ClaireMEDA101anomalisa, art, artistic, avante garde, camera, cinema, constraints, creative, creativity, digital, disney, documentary, expanded cinema, experimental cinema, film, man ray, MEDA101, media art, nanook of the north, narrative, ono, rape, story, storytelling, technology, video, virtual reality, vrLeave a comment
Experimental, or 'avante-garde' cinema, is a model of film-making which steps outside archetypal cinematic conventions. It creatively explores non-linear formats of narrative. It began in the 1920's, almost a century ago. It began with works such as Man Ray's Le Retour a la Raison (1923), which is shared below.
The avante garde trend continued into American film during the 1950's and 60's. A prime example is the 1969 John Lennon and Yoko Ono film, Rape. It tells the narrative of video assault in a format which deviates from traditional storytelling standards. Ono's cameraman picked a young woman, seemingly at random, and chased her down the street with his video camera, documentary style.
taken from aaronlburton.com
Experiments in Cinema
Experiments in phenomena which is yet to be fully understood and appreciated by humans, such as dreams, memories and points of view, became popular from the mid-1900's and remain constant in modern film also. Examples include Destino (1945-2003) from Walt Disney and Salvador Dali, and Anomalisa (2015), directed by Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson.
Anomalisa film poster (source: IMDB)
Documentary is another trend which transformed the nature of narrative. It is often associated with non-fiction film, yet this is not necessarily always the case. An example of documentary cinema is Nanook of the North (1922), directed by Robert Flaherty.
Expanded cinema is a phenomenon which pushes the cinema experience beyond the medium in which it has been traditionally constrained. It is characterised by a rejection of the one-way communication between the cinema screen and audience. Stan Van Der Beek coined the term in the 1960's, when the notion of the participatory audience began to trend. There are no limits to the creativity which expanded cinema can conjure. Recently, virtual reality has been combined with expanded cinema to achieve a new audience effect.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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example-map-site.com

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		To

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	      <input type="submit" id="plan-button" value="Get Directions" />

	  </form>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Теодор Љубавић (рођен у Сопотници код Новог Горажда) је био јеромонах Српске православне цркве и први управитељ српске ћирилићне штампарије на подручју тадашње Херцеговине.

Биографија
Име Теодора Љубавића је често помињано, углавном у вези са првом српском штампаријом под Турцима. О биографским подацима сина Божидара Горажданина зна се јако мало, а дао их је он сам, у својим поговорима штампаним књигама. Претпостаља се да се школовао и замонашио у Милешеви, чији је био и монах, али аутори не искључују могућност школовања у Горажду у којем је при храму светог Ђорђа био основан манастир у другој половини 15.вијека.

Позивајући се на топосе које је уносио у своје текстове и разноврсни цитати, закључује се да је он за своје доба био веома образован човјек, упућен подједнако у сакрална и секуларна културна питања.

Штампарија је радила од 1519. до 1526. године у Сопотници (Ново Горажде) а отворио јеТеодоров отац Божидар Љубавић. Теодор, милешевски монах, заслужан је за штампање књига изашлих из Горажданске штампарије. Штампари који су посао учили у Млецима надзирали су издање  Божидаревих књига: Пахомије, синови Божидара Љубавића Ђорђе Љубавић из Сопотнице и његов брат јеромонах Теодор Љубавић, који је с другим братом Видојем Љубавићем био и управитељ штампарије. У Дринској штампарији је радио и унук Божидара Љубавића, Димитрије "логофет".  Служабник (Службеник или Литургијар) (први штампани Служабник на Балкану) 1517. године, довршен 7. јула 1519. године, припремили су за штампу и објавили браћа Ђурађ и Теодор Љубавић, Псалтир с посљедовањем и часловцем (Псалтир са Последовањем и Часловцем) чији је први део био готов 7. априла 1519, а други 12. октобра 1520. године припремио је за штампу Теодор Љубавић, послије преране смрти свог брата Ђурђа Љубавића. Требник (Молитвеник) је објављен 1523. године након чега се штампарија непосредно по турској окупацији сели у Трговиште у Румунији.

Штампарија

Штампарија чији је први управитељ био Теодор Љубавић са браћом се налазила у Храму Светог Ђорђа (Свети Ђорђе на Дрини) у Доњој Сопотници, данашњем Новом Горажду у Републици Српској. Мјесто штампарије, Храм Светог Ђорђа је задужбина Херцега од Светог Саве, "великог војводе русага босанскога и кнеза дринског", Стефана Вукчића Косаче (Стевана или Шћепана), који је подигнут 1446. — 1448. године. На првобитној локацији ктиторског натписа (сада премјештен на нови портал) Херцега Стефана Вукчића Косаче изнад улаза у првобитну грађевину Храма Светог Ђорђа у коме се налазила штампарија се налазио натпис: "В љето 6954/1446. год. аз раб Христу Богу господин Херцег Стефан ваздвигох храм светога великомученика Христова Георгија моле се јему да помолит се за мње грешном Владице моему Христу".

Црква Св. Ђорђа у Сопотници се сматра оснивачем и власником друге по старини штампарије на Балкану а прве на просторима данашње Републике Српске. Штампарија Божидара Љубавића Горажданина (монах Милешевски), или Дринска штампарија је непосредно по турској окупацији, снабдијевала осиромашене и страдале српске православне цркве и манастире богослужбеним књигама будући да је много старијих рукописних литургијских књига спаљено и уништено у протеклим деценијама 15. вијека. Матрице и технологију штампарије настављају монаси дрински Јован Малешевац и Матија Поповић посредством славног филолога, Словенца Приможа Трубара, средином 16. вијека, у Ураху код Тибенгена. Стефановић — Венцлавић ће у 18. вијеку у Острогону, обраћати се српским шајкашима са "браћо дрињани", а његов претходник Кипријан Рачанин ће бити оснивач књижевне традиције српског народа Угарској.

Види још
 Ново Горажде
 Сопотница
 Божидар Вуковић
 Стефан Вукчић Косача
 Манастир Милешева
 Срби и штампање Светог писма
 Свети великомученик Ђорђе

Литература

Култура Републике Српске
Стари српски штампари
Љ

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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I am 13 years old female looking for a few hours to do to get a few dollars now, I know you guys may not allow me to do it but I am begging you, to let me get this job. I love kids and really like to spend time with them. As long as the parents or guardians of the child or children don't live to far. I am an 13 year old African American who loves kids and really need a job.
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I'm a writer and artist who happens to be chemically sensitive. How I experience the world is prioritized by my need to avoid scent. Many fragrance ingredients are airborne toxins and not just a momentary inconvenience to be endured. Fragrance exposures cause sick days, sometimes only for a few hours, but frequently as part of a domino effect, throwing off my body's ecosystem making me sick for weeks. Products many people think aren't harmful are. Scent wearers unknowingly cause grief and harm to others—just by using these scented products.
Another misunderstood scent issue is organic essential oils. They, too, are a cause of injury. Just because something comes from nature or is organic in the case of aromatic distillates, this is still concentrated scent and harmful to many.
Like others with allergies, asthma, and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) I find being out in the world challenging. Whole Foods Markets, which offered a safe shopping haven for me, has jumped on the quick-buck fragrance wagon by running humidifiers with essential oils in their stores. As helpful as some of the employees in these stores can be when I contacted one store manager and let her know fragrances were problematic for those with asthma and allergies, she replied but "they're essential oils." In this eyebrow-raiser of a reply, she implied the oils couldn't cause health problems because they were natural (not synthetic). Her response indicated a lack of understanding.
Wellness begins with awareness. Although I've been blogging about my fragrance-free journey, my background started with sales. When I was around ten, I covered my town selling greeting cards and newspapers on my pony Taffy. I learned how to knock on strangers' doors and take orders for personalized cards. They paid me and trusted me to return in several weeks with their order. I took this responsibility seriously and fulfilled expectations with prompt delivery. As a teen, I repeated the pattern with Avon. As an adult, I worked at a luxury design store and was an art consultant on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills. We sold non-essential items people didn't need but wanted.
Selling and "how selling functions" has been a thread through my life. My full-time jobs were as a model, then an actress. Those worlds prioritize selling a product or person's brand, inspiring a lifestyle choice over repercussions of ingredients. When I worked in commercials biting into food glistening with glycerin, we didn't swallow it. We spit what they were selling into a bucket. It's the advertiser's job to sell products. When it comes to scent, we're sold a stinky deal. Many current scented products have time-release properties to keep consumers stinking longer.
Since I'm a writer, one thing I can do is get the word out that fragrance is more damaging than people think.
You can help, too, by spreading the word and try doing a personal pollution evaluation to see what you discover. Now that you're informed, it's your choice whether you'd like to be part of the solution or part of the problem.
Here are my posts on fragrance-free living.
Here Debra Lynn Dadd writes about fragrance ingredients.


The first time I listened through this album I didn't know what to think. There's a lot of stuff going on. All the time. The album is called 'World Metal. Kosmopolis Sud', and you won't hear me disagree.
One album that comes to mind is The Beatles' 'White Album'. Not that it is similar musically in any way, but when The Beatles recorded their 'White Album', they did exactly what they wanted to do. This album has that same feeling. The "We don't care what you say, it's our album" feeling. I really think they get away it too. Both The Beatles and Solefald.
There's a lot of electronic elements that somehow makes this sound as if it's a collaboration between Arcturus, The Kovenant, later era Samael, Laibach, Sepultura and Ministry. As I'm typing this I'm listening to the album for the 7th time and it feels like I've barely started to scratch the surface.
It actually doesn't matter how I describe the album, as nothing can prepare you for the album. One thing is sure though, one time is not enough to understand what you're listening to. I almost wish the lyrics were included with the promo, because it feels like the album tells a story. A dystopian story. The music is eclectic, avant-garde, progressive, futuristc.
I have one complaint about this album. It's too short. Or at least it feels like it. The album is 50 minutes long, but it feels like it goes on for 5 minutes. So please! Make a double album the next time.
Solefald always delivers the goods.
Good call on the "I don't give a crap what people think" vibe. I love the White Album and this is equally delightful.


text:
[ARCHIVED] Food kits distributed tomorrow at two locations
Hanover County Government is making pre-packaged food kits available to the community on Friday, April 24, at John M. Gandy Elementary School and Mechanicsville Elementary School. The food kits will be available between 11 a.m.-1 p.m. and again from 5-7 p.m. This is a separate and distinct food program from the one being offered to children by Hanover County Public Schools.
The Hanover Education Foundation, working in partnership with Hanover County Government and Hanover County Public Schools, received a generous grant from the Central Virginia COVID-19 Response Fund. The funds will provide 12,500 meals for Hanover County residents and supplement the student meal program and the work of many food pantries and churches. Depending on the demand, the County government will schedule additional dates, as long as supplies last.
Those who need food will be able to drive through designated lanes at the school to pick up the kits, with as little human contact as possible for health reasons. Kits include ready to eat chicken salad, a tortilla, bag of chips, granola bar, trail mix, cookie, fruit roll up, and juice box. One box per person will be available.
"Hanover County is grateful to the Community Foundation and Plan RVA for making this program possible," said Aubrey "Bucky" Stanley, Chairman of the Hanover County Board of Supervisors. "We are fortunate to be part of the Richmond region, a community where people take care of one another."
According to Cecil R. "Rhu" Harris, Jr., County Administrator, "we've been through tough times before, and our people are so resilient, but it's heartwarming to see our community come together in a time of need. Thank you to the Hanover team and our wonderful volunteers for making this happen. We know times are hard for many of our residents, with applications for food assistance doubling in recent months and more than 1,500 Hanover residents filing for unemployment benefits last week. If you need help in any way, please call us at 365-4300 and we will do our best to connect you to resources in our community."
"We are proud to partner with the Community Foundation, the Hanover Education Foundation, Hanover County Government, and others to help meet the ongoing needs of our community during these challenging times," said Dr. Michael Gill, School Superintendent. "I am thankful for the generosity and effort of so many who made this possible."
This initiative is a result of a partnership with the Central Virginia COVID-19 Response Fund, launched with contributions from 18 regional foundations and businesses. Over $4.1 million has been raised through April 15 from foundations, businesses and individuals and United Way of Greater Richmond and Petersburg provided $100,000 in matching funds.
Created through a partnership between the Community Foundation and the Emergency Management Alliance of Central Virginia, the fund is designed to mobilize and distribute resources to address immediate response. This initiative helps organizations and nonprofits that address critical needs such as food and housing access, health care, childcare, senior care, and safety supplies. As funds are collected, an advisory committee distributes grants where they can have the greatest impact.
To donate or volunteer visit https://www.togetheroneregion.org/
For more information, contact the Hanover County Department of Community Resources at 365-4300.


Ok, so the story is actually about a chap with awesome facial hair who tried to jump from the Eiffel tower with a custom made 'parachute suit', but I think we can all agree that it actually looks more like a wingsuit.
This all kicked off back in 1912 when Franz Reichelt took the nervous looking steps over the edge. His theory was that his 'parachute suit' would suitably reduce his descent rate to allow him to land unharmed.


text:
Codie & Chris
Shotgun Jaxon
The Wolf After Dark
Weekend Programming
Prize Pick-Up Info
LISTEN: Joe Nichols' New Single 'Never Gets Old'
Joe Nichols has just announced his tenth studio album, Never Gets Old , will be released July 28. Along with details for the new record, the country singer has also dropped a brand new single. The title track, "Never Gets Old," was written by Steve Moakler and Connie Harrington. Nichols has brought...
WATCH: Fan Postpones Wedding to Attend Garth Brooks Concert
If you chose to have a "hall pass," which country star would it be? This bride postponed her very own wedding to see her pick in concert. Garth Brooks was speechless at his tour stop in Lafayette, LA June 24 as a fan got his attention with a sign. The bride-to-be's maid of honor was also holding up...
Luke Bryan Introduces New Song 'Like You Say You Do'
Luke Bryan is currently out on the road for his Huntin', Fishin' & Lovin' Everyday Tour. Prior to hitting the stage in Alpharetta, Georgia on June 16, the country superstar introduced fans to a new song during his nightly VIP event. Watermelon, watermelon, watermelon? Bryan may have forgot some...
Kacey Musgraves Appears on 'Hollywood Medium'
Kacey Musgraves made an appearance on the most recent episode of Hollywood Medium with Tyler Henry on E! . During the reading, the country star was connected with her grandmother. Luckily for Musgraves, her death was something she needed clarity on. (Part One) The "Dime Store Cowgirl" singer, had...
Dan + Shay Fans Pick 'Road Trippin'' as Duo's New Single
Big things are happening for country stars Dan + Shay . The duo has just celebrated their third consecutive No. 1 single with "How Not To." Dan Smyers and Shay Mooney recently asked fans to pick their next single and received an overwhelming response. Coming from their sophomore album, Obsessed ,...
Faith Hill and Tim McGraw Show off Their Private Island
If you ever wondered where Tim McGraw and Faith Hill go when they need a vacation, well, now you know. The country music power couple are showing off their private island to Architectural Digest . Hill and McGraw created their perfect getaway when they purchased their very own private island back...
Jason Aldean, Charles Kelley & Darius Rucker Perform Tribute to Gregg Allman
The CMT Awards honored the late, great Gregg Allman with a very special performance of "Midnight Rider" featuring Jason Aldean , Charles Kelley , and Darius Rucker . The three country superstars started the 1970 hit a cappella going on to trade verses and dedicating it to Allman. One of the...
Lady Antebellum Release New Album 'Heart Break'
Lady Antebellum has just released their sixth studio album, Heart Break ! Last year during their hiatus, the group took some time to work on solo projects. Scott released Love Remains , a Grammy-winning gospel album, and Kelley debuted his solo album titled The Driver . Fans have now been following...
Old Dominion Announce Release Date for 'Happy Endings'
Old Dominion has announced that their highly-anticipated sophomore album, Happy Endings , will be released on August 25th. The band recently debuted the lead track off the record titled, " No Such Thing As A Broken Heart ." It was the #1 Shazamed song of the night after their performance at this...
WATCH: Luke Combs Announces Next Single and Performs Live on the TODAY Show
Luke Combs has just released his debut album, This One's For You . The breakout country singer hit the stage at the TODAY Show to perform his No. 1 single, " Hurricane ." Combs comments on the hard work he's put in over the years to get to where he is today. The singer-songwriter even announced...
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State Rep. Lyndon Yearick brings a diverse skill set and extensive knowledge to his duties in the General Assembly.
He has 20 years of business experience in industries ranging from housing and banking to healthcare and education. Additionally, he holds a master's degree in Business Administration from Penn State University and is a former small business owner.
He has also worked as a public school educator, mentoring local elementary school students, and serving on advisory committees for both the Caesar Rodney and Polytech school districts.
Raised on a dairy farm in upstate Pennsylvania, Rep. Yearick is one of the few Delaware legislators who have first-hand agricultural experience, giving him unique insights into the challenges faced by the farming community. He successfully authored legislation creating Delaware Produce Week. Entering its third year, the annual observation has worked to link Delaware farmers with local consumers.
In his first term in office (2014-2016), Rep. Yearick was selected to attend the prestigious Robert J. Thompson Eastern Leadership Academy – a program to help promising officials to become better policymakers.
Rep. Yearick has been an outspoken advocate of vulnerable Delawareans, while also touting initiatives for a more efficient and responsive government.
In November 2016, Rep. Yearick won re-election and it now serving his second term representing the people of the 34th Representative District.


all the new news threads = The specified thread does not exist. Saké Comments - all the new news threads = The specified thread does not exist.
Saké Comments / GENERAL / Bugs / Improvement and Feedback / Message Board Feedback/Bugs/Improvements / all the new news threads = The specified thread does not exist.
all the new news threads = The specified thread does not exist.
I click the thread in news and that happens.
RE: all the new news threads = The specified thread does not exist.
old ones seem to work ok.
all of the others including the newest (botcon octopunch) just show "The specified thread does not exist"


The Civil Service helps the government of the day develop and carry out its policies. We also deliver vital services which help people across the country and from all walks of life.
Civil servants work on things you just don't get to do anywhere else; from education, health and public safety to border control and cyber security, we do it all.
In a nutshell, we're working to make everyone in Britain happier, healthier and safer.
There's no such thing as a typical civil servant. We work in just about every town and city in Britain, and we come from every background you can think of. In fact, the things that make you unique are exactly what we like to see in our workforce. We want the Civil Service to reflect the society it serves.
We offer a wide range of career paths, across five different areas: Business, Digital and Technology, Finance, Project Delivery and Commercial. No matter what your interests are, you will find a role to suit you.
Our Fast Track Apprenticeship Scheme is a two-year Level 4 apprenticeship. It not only brings you into the Civil Service - without the need for a degree - but also gives you the tools to keep progressing in your career.


text:
World's Fairs
The study of world's fairs and international expositions gives historians the opportunity to understand the development of invention, innovation, and the global marketplace. As an internationally regarded research institution focused on the history of business and technology, the Hagley Library necessarily collects in the area of world's fairs.
View PDF version of the guide with images from our collections
Books, pamphlets, posters, trade cards, and other ephemera from more than 100 international expositions (all of the American world's fairs and many of those held in other parts of the world) are found throughout the library collections. There are more than 1,600 published volumes specifically related to world's fairs. In addition, the library holds one of the nation's finest collections of trade catalogs. These trade catalogs are complemented by pamphlets and other printed material from companies that exhibited at these fairs.
Hagley's extensive corporate archives contain considerable information on business exhibits at world's fairs as firms and trade associations used those venues to promote products and present a positive image to the public. Paper documentation on business exhibits at world's fairs is sometimes supplemented by visual images of these displays. Some collections particularly rich in world's fairs related information include:
The American Iron and Steel Institute collection contains publications and photographs regarding the steel industry's participation in the fairs. The construction of major exhibition buildings and the Unisphere are among the highlights of this collection.
The Centennial Collection, documenting the exposition held in Philadelphia in 1876, includes oversized photographic albums and large, folio-sized scrapbooks filled with printed ephemera.
The Color Association of the United States records document the color coordination for the 1939 New York World's Fair.
Cravath, Swaine & Moore, a Wall Street law firm, pioneered the development of the modern corporate law office and developed a system that paralleled the trends toward professionalization and bureaucratization that were occurring elsewhere in the business world. Their records include information on the financing of the 1933 Century of Progress Exposition and the Iranian exhibit at the 1939 (New York) World's Fair.
The Helen Cushman Collection, 1933-1984, includes research files on and printed images and ephemera from world's fairs.
The Dallin Aerial firm specialized in aerial photography and documented the landscape and urban development of the mid-west and northeast United States; their records include images from the 1926, 1933, and 1939 (New York) world's fairs.
Du Pont family correspondence documents several fairs. Beginning in 1853 with Sophie du Pont's letters describing construction delays of the New York's Crystal Palace, family attendance at subsequent fairs is described in the correspondence of Pierre S. du Pont, Lammot du Pont, T. Coleman du Pont, and Louisa D'Andelot du Pont Copeland.
DuPont Company records for the Executive Committee and the Public Affairs Department are particularly rich and include documentation of product information, photographs, press releases, exhibition notebooks, and correspondence for the 1933, 1939 (San Francisco), 1939 (New York), and the 1964 world's fairs.
The Lippincott & Margulies records includes their work "Johnson Wax Goes to the Fair," 1964.
Raymond Loewy's designs for the 1939 (New York) World's Fair are found in his personal papers.
Domenico Mortellito created sculptures for the DuPont exhibit at the 1939 (New York) and 1964 fairs and designed the company's pavilion for the 1964 exhibition; his papers document this work. William G. Ramsey wrote letters to his wife about the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.
Remington Rand records include information on their 1876 Centennial exhibit and the introduction of the typewriter.
The Charles L. Reese papers contain postcards and trip narrative for the 1933 Century of Progress exposition.
The Singer Collection includes trademark information and memoirs of exhibition experiences from the 1876 Centennial and the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.
The Society for the Plastics Industry records contain press releases, photographs, and brochures for the 1964 World's Fair.
The Sperry Gyroscope collection documents the aviation industry's participation in the 1939 (New York) and 1964 fairs.
Walter Dorwin Teague designed the 1939 DuPont Pavilion and the collections include his presentation books for New York and San Francisco.
In addition to holding photographs from many of the collections mentioned above, Hagley's Pictorial Collection Department has photographic albums for the 1876 Centennial; Universal Exposition in Paris, 1878; and Joly Color plates from the 1900 Paris exposition.
Hagley's Museum Division also holds related materials. Beginning with the 1853 and ending with the 1964 World's Fairs; the Museum Division holds more than 140 artifacts from thirteen different fairs.
For general questions about using any of these materials, please use our Ask Hagley online form or call 302-658-2400 ext 227.
The Hagley Center for the History of Business, Technology and Society awards travel grants for visiting scholars. Some housing is available on the property. The Center also organizes conferences, research seminars, and academic programs. For more information email clockman@Hagley.org.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text;

using Xunit;

namespace System.Net.Http.Unit.Tests
{
    public class EntityTagParserTest
    {
        [Fact]
        public void Properties_ReadValues_MatchExpectation()
        {
            HttpHeaderParser parser = GenericHeaderParser.MultipleValueEntityTagParser;
            Assert.True(parser.SupportsMultipleValues);
            Assert.Null(parser.Comparer);

            parser = GenericHeaderParser.SingleValueEntityTagParser;
            Assert.False(parser.SupportsMultipleValues);
            Assert.Null(parser.Comparer);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void TryParse_SetOfValidValueStrings_ParsedCorrectly()
        {
            CheckValidParsedValue("\"tag\"", 0, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\""), 5, true);
            CheckValidParsedValue("\"tag\"", 0, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\""), 5, false);
            CheckValidParsedValue("*", 0, EntityTagHeaderValue.Any, 1, true);
            CheckValidParsedValue(" *  ,", 1, EntityTagHeaderValue.Any, 5, true);
            CheckValidParsedValue(" \"tag\" ", 0, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\""), 7, false);
            CheckValidParsedValue(" \"tag\" ,", 0, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\""), 8, true);
            CheckValidParsedValue("\r\n \"tag\"\r\n ", 0, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\""), 11, false);
            CheckValidParsedValue("\r\n \"tag\"\r\n ,  ", 0, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\""), 14, true);
            CheckValidParsedValue("!\"tag\"", 1, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\""), 6, false);
            CheckValidParsedValue("!\"tag\"", 1, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\""), 6, true);
            CheckValidParsedValue("//\"tag\u4F1A\"", 2, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\u4F1A\""), 8, false);
            CheckValidParsedValue("//\"tag\u4F1A\"", 2, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\u4F1A\""), 8, true);
            CheckValidParsedValue("!W/\"tag\"", 1, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\"", true), 8, false);
            CheckValidParsedValue("!W/\"tag\",", 1, new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"tag\"", true), 9, true);

            CheckValidParsedValue(null, 0, null, 0, true);
            CheckValidParsedValue(string.Empty, 0, null, 0, true);
            CheckValidParsedValue("   ", 0, null, 3, true);
            CheckValidParsedValue("  ,,", 0, null, 4, true);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void TryParse_SetOfInvalidValueStrings_ReturnsFalse()
        {
            CheckInvalidParsedValue(null, 0, false);
            CheckInvalidParsedValue(string.Empty, 0, false);
            CheckInvalidParsedValue("  ", 0, false);
            CheckInvalidParsedValue(" *  !", 2, false);
            CheckInvalidParsedValue(" \"tag\"  !", 2, false);
            CheckInvalidParsedValue("!\"tag\"", 0, false);
            CheckInvalidParsedValue("\"tag\",", 0, false);
            CheckInvalidParsedValue("\"tag\" \"tag2\"", 0, false);
            CheckInvalidParsedValue("W/\"tag\"", 1, false);
            CheckInvalidParsedValue("*", 0, false); // "any" is not allowed as ETag value.
        }

        #region Helper methods

        private void CheckValidParsedValue(string input, int startIndex, EntityTagHeaderValue expectedResult,
            int expectedIndex, bool supportsMultipleValues)
        {
            HttpHeaderParser parser = null;
            if (supportsMultipleValues)
            {
                parser = GenericHeaderParser.MultipleValueEntityTagParser;
            }
            else
            {
                parser = GenericHeaderParser.SingleValueEntityTagParser;
            }

            object result = null;
            Assert.True(parser.TryParseValue(input, null, ref startIndex, out result),
                string.Format("TryParse returned false. Input: '{0}', AllowMultipleValues/Any: {1}", input,
                supportsMultipleValues));
            Assert.Equal(expectedIndex, startIndex);
            Assert.Equal(result, expectedResult);
        }

        private void CheckInvalidParsedValue(string input, int startIndex, bool supportsMultipleValues)
        {
            HttpHeaderParser parser = null;
            if (supportsMultipleValues)
            {
                parser = GenericHeaderParser.MultipleValueEntityTagParser;
            }
            else
            {
                parser = GenericHeaderParser.SingleValueEntityTagParser;
            }

            object result = null;
            int newIndex = startIndex;
            Assert.False(parser.TryParseValue(input, null, ref newIndex, out result),
                string.Format("TryParse returned true. Input: '{0}', AllowMultipleValues/Any: {1}", input,
                supportsMultipleValues));
            Assert.Equal(null, result);
            Assert.Equal(startIndex, newIndex);
        }
        #endregion
    }
}


I'm a Retired Teamster of 37 yrs - Car guy - Dog guy - and I'd like to become a better photographer.
It's time to do all the stuff I've been putting off!
I've been taking photos for a few years, but I'm finally able to spend more time and effort doing just that. I hope to learn and explore more everyday.


text:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="">

<head>

	<meta charset="utf-8">
	<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

	<title>{{title}}</title>

	<!-- toolkit styles -->
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{#if baseurl}}{{ baseurl }}/{{/if}}assets/toolkit/styles/toolkit.css">
	<!-- /toolkit styles -->

</head>

<body>

	<!-- Icons Sprite -->
	{{> icons}}
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	{% body %}

	{{> layouts.footer}}

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	<script src="{{#if baseurl}}{{ baseurl }}/{{/if}}assets/toolkit/scripts/toolkit.js"></script>
	<!-- /toolkit scripts -->

</body>

</html>


text:
Finding Happiness with Social Entrepreneur Jumana Al Darwish
Jumana Al Darwish is a mother and businesswoman who puts zero limitations on her capabilities to achieve anything she sets her mind to. Motivated and driven by her daughter, she started her enterprise in 2014 from her dining table, to her garage, and then to her Happy Studio. From there, her company hosts events and interactive art installations for all ages, and is a place where families get to learn, have creative fun and spend quality time together.
With a philanthropic aim to spread happiness and give back to those less fortunate, Jumana is an inspirational female powerhouse who knows no limits when it comes to fiercely and consistently achieving her goals and dreams without neglecting her family, and AboutHer.com managed to pin her down for an insight into her world.
Tell us a little about Happy Box - where did this idea come from?
I founded The Happy Box in 2014 as an educational social enterprise that provides curated and themed arts and crafts in a box inclusive of instructions in Arabic and English and all materials required for the little ones to create their activities. The Happy Box and its contents are produced exclusively by us and all activities are designed to improve a child's cognitive and motor development skills and add a bit of sparkle along the way of course!
What started out as a social experiment later evolved into a global movement and core to our ethos is the promotion of happiness and positive change, family bonding and instilling the love of art and creativity amongst children and community members.
What was your drive and motivation behind establishing your own business?
My very own happy box, my daughter Ayla. She is the driving force behind our concept and all that I build is for her.
I had previously led a career in philanthropy working for a number of initiatives under the directive of the UAE government for over 8 years and when I entered the world of motherhood, I felt compelled to be more present in my little one's life especially in the very early years of her development. I took a leap a faith and entered a field which was very much unknown to me - entrepreneurship. The Happy Box became my adventure and a personal challenge. I was determined to make it a success and I was one of the very fortunate ones to be able to build a company around my daughter which gave me flexibility to be more present in her life despite the extensive hours that were required of me during the initial startup phase of The Happy Box.
What happens at the Happy Studio?
Over the years, our mandate grew across the GCC and what was run primarily from my dining room table to then garage was now evolving to a permanent space, The Happy Studio, our headquarters and regional offices. The Happy Studio is a community space based at Alserkal Avenue (warehouse 73) and features The Happy Box factory and our offices, where we host numerous events and interactive community art installations for all age groups.
I am also in the process of starting our third enterprise "Happy Hearts Global" which is a private family foundation based in London under the UK Charity Commission. Happy Hearts Global initially started as a CSR program of The Happy Box and entailed the gifting of thousands of happy boxes (educational kits) to underprivileged children in 11 countries. In celebration of our 5-year anniversary, I felt it was time to realize my lifelong dream of starting my own foundation and hence proceeded to formalize this process in the UK. Happy Hearts Global will provide children and in specific girls in disadvantaged communities with access to primary educational globally. I am very excited about our next chapter, hearts that give are truly the happiest!
You're an aspirational Arab woman. As a mum and successful businesswoman in the region, what advice would you give to other mums who aspire to have their own businesses without having to neglect their family life?
I believe if you have a dream and are passionate about it, you must pursue it or else you will spend your life regretting it or continuously asking yourself - what if? We, at times, put our dreams on hold for the sake of our families and during this process we tend to lose ourselves. If you have a dream and are capable of running after it, what is stopping you? My journey was surely not easy and entailed a number of hardships and at times I thought of quitting, but deep down nothing made me happier than witnessing my dream come to life. I am grateful to my family for encouraging me to keep moving forward, their support was integral and to them I am forever indebted.
How do you strike a healthy balance between work and family?
Despite striving for perfection throughout my life, I have come to realize that perfecting a balance is unattainable. There are days where I am more present as a mother and there are days where I am more present at my work space. I take each day as it comes without self-judgement and I try and be a better person. I have lowered my expectations but never my standards and I have come to accept myself as I am.
The Happy Box sits on the basis of spreading happiness, what makes you happy?
In all honesty, this may sound very utopian but I get pleasure and satisfaction when I see that others have been positively impacted by our products and services. I love that moment of sparkle that I see in their eyes, it fills my heart and makes me feel so proud to be in the business of happy.
As an inspirational woman, who are the women that have inspired you on your journey so far?
I have been blessed with the love and support of many female family figures, friends, fellow partners and networks.
However, I would have to stay my greatest inspiration of all is my mother, a powerful woman of grace and elegance. My father was a diplomat and given the nature of his work, we moved around extensively. My mother was and still very much is the anchor of our family. She instilled values of adaptability, resilience and the ability to see things from a different and more positive perspective - happiness is a state of mind and it is truly about being present and appreciating the beautiful and sometimes little things that come our way.
As an Arab woman, mum, and entrepreneur, what have been your greatest challenges and how did you overcome them?
My father once told me that there are two things in life that will forever define me and in fact grant me power; the fact that I am a woman and one that is educated. He taught to never underestimate my capabilities and that there should be no limits to my dreams. I have had several hardships along the way, but with hardships come triumphs and learning. Challenges should never stop us from running after our dreams.
What would you say has been the highlight of your career so far?
My goodness, many! It has been one exciting journey. I have been so lucky to witness the growth of The Happy Box over the course of the past 5 years with an incredible team who share my dream and are allegiant to our mandate, to establishing a community space " The Happy Studio" where people of all age groups are welcome to visit and be a part of a greater movement and our latest venture Happy Hearts Global.
What does female empowerment mean to you and how do you use your position to empower others?
Female empowerment is about rising together. It is about helping those around you attain their dreams. An empowered woman can make mountains move. We are all in this together and we have a duty towards one another to support and help each other grow.
Lastly, what words of empowerment would you like to share with our readers?
Dream big, stay focused and remember to have fun - you can attain anything you put your mind to!
By Amrita Singh
Jumana Al DarwishDubai-based Jumana Al DarwishDubai-based Social EntrepreneursThe Happy Studios UAEHappy Box UAEAbout Her Interviews
Saudi Arabia's GEA Has Launched a Scholarship Program for Entertainment Studies Abroad
Saudi Arabia: Eastern Alliances, Western Interests


text:
All posts tagged "Hong Kong Premier League"
Rangers, RCFC players return to training sporting masks
On Thursday, players from clubs not competing in AFC competitions returned to training for the first time since January. In keeping with...
Premier League season cancelled due to Omicron
With no end to COVID restrictions in sight, Premier League clubs were presented with four proposals on how to move forward, from...
Takeshi Kaneshiro + Michelle Reis in 'Fallen Angels' (1995) - Photo: Screenmusings.org
"I took Charlie to the match. She's a fan of Ruud Gullit" – Fallen Angels, Sampdoria, Sing Tao FC, Ralph Milne, Kurniawan Dwi Yulianto and the Endless Rain
"On June 22nd, 1995……the Italian team Sampdoria came to play in Hong Kong." – Fallen Angels (1995) Rarely do film, romance and...
Hong Kong, the Asian Cup, and the future of local football
Some people may argue that the future of Hong Kong football depends on qualification for the Asian Cup. But to put such...
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text:
/ Modified jan 30, 2018 3:12 p.m.
'Dreamer' Calls to Mexican Consulate Double, Rep Says
Many consulates are hosting workshops to help DACA recipients who are eligible for renewal. by Brandon Mejia Tweet
A rally at Tucson City Hall in support of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, Sept. 5, 2017.
Christopher Conover, AZPM
Hundreds of young adults are calling Tucson's Mexican Consulate every day to seek help sorting out their legal status under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, a consular representative said.
A federal district court in California decided earlier in the month to allow DACA recipients to continue to renew their status, despite the president's order to end the program.
Sebastían Galván Duque, with the Mexican Consulate in Tucson, said they receive 1,200 to 1,500 calls per day.
"I would say in the last couple of months, the calls that are focused specifically on DACA have doubled, depending on the weeks," Galván Duque said.
Because each case is unique, he said, getting an attorney and calling the consulate can help move the process forward.
"We need to see the case, we need to review it and we need to see what we can do to help," he said.
As Congress continues to work on a permanent legislative solution for DACA, Galván Duque said Mexican consulates are hosting workshops with legal counsel present to help people who are eligible.
The U.S. Supreme Court is deciding if it will hear arguments on the future of DACA.
Follow Brandon Mejia on Twitter or contact him via email at BMejia@azpm.org.
MORE: Border, Immigration, News
ADOT: Work Authorization Card Means Eligibility for Driver's License UA and Mexico Launch Legal Training for Diplomats Phoenix DACA Recipient Sees SCOTUS Decision As Partial Victory


Doubly is a successful AI-oriented Crypto-trading company. Our solutions are complex, automated and using the markets leading self-learning trading program, which aims at high profits within a short period of time. AI gives us the prospect of hundreds of correct trading decisions in matters of seconds. Our focus is on automated systems with artificial intelligence which work 24/7 in stock market trading. You could say it's a money machine that never stops raising funds for you! The AITrading Bot captures the best investment opportunities in the crypto-currency market by solving complex algorithms and automatically opens positions. By using different trading tools and analyzing the price history, he usually achieves optimal profits.


Cristina Scabbia, female singer in the band Lacuna Coil.
Steven Seagal over all. Just check his cameo in the "Onion" movie as "Cockpuncher". That explains it all.
What are you looking forward to the most about playing atthe Soundwave Festival?
Everyone who played there told me it's an amazing festival, with a lot of kinds who want to have fun despite the genre of music. I love the fact is a mixed festival, with rock and metal, combined. Plus, Australia is one of the most stunning places I've visited, so I can't wait to come back and meet some more kangaroos!
Cellphone, wallet with documents, lip gloss.
There's a movie who mentions that "Lemmy is God". If we're talking about a guitar or an alcohol contest definitely Lemmy is gonna win.


Clothing. This is usually one of the things that women look for online. They would always take spend hours looking for discount tops, dresses, jeans, swimwear, etc. online. Come to think of it, doing so would not cost them expensive fuel.
Discount ink toner. Considering that almost every household or office today has a printer, it is just but normal for people to look for discount toners online. If they are lucky enough, they will be able to find a really good deal.
Mobile phones. Who doesn't want to have the latest gadget around? This goes for both males and females. You will know them because every time some large mobile phone makers release the newest gadget in the market, they will definitely have one.
Bags and shoes. This is again for women. Men don't always have the time to look for bags and shoes, unless extremely necessary. But for women, spending the whole day choosing between bags and shoes that are for sale would be time well spent.
Other gadgets. Aside from mobile phones, people usually look for cameras, tablets, game consoles and many more.
These are the top five discounted items that people usually look for online. Perhaps, you have, at one time or another, searched for such items.


text:
James Vlahos
This session took place on May 27th.
Cofounder, HEREAFTER. Author, TALK TO ME. Creator, DADBOT. And yes, I've seen that episode of Black Mirror.
What if death wasn't so final? What if tech could help you have conversations with the people you love even after they pass away? These are the questions that inspired James Vlahos to record his dying father's life story and create an interactive, text-based 'Dadbot.' Vlahos expanded his ambition beyond just his father. In 2019, he co-founded HereAfter, a startup that uses conversational AI to create interactive, life-story sharing chatbots, accessible through Amazon Alexa with the actual recorded voice of a loved one.
Vlahos is a veteran tech journalist for The New York Times and author of 'Talk to Me: How Voice Computing Will Transform the Way We Live, Work, and Think.' His book addresses the economic, cultural, and psychological impact of conversational AI and how it's altering our traditional perception of human consciousness. In his book, Vlahos tries to find an answer to one fundamental question: What happens when computers become as compassionate and creative as we are?
This session ended on May 27th, 19:00


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Q: Greenmail , email tests spring can somebody send example how to make integration test - i need to test automatic email sender when object saved in database. So i need to ADD object to database for ex h-2 , when its add my service method also sending email to user. How to test by greenmail ? As i see in tutorials there is lot of examples testing only sending service/method, not testing with other methods ..
I need test for POST, add object to database, and test if email going fine to client email.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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× Watch Live: Tulsa Police Chase
Giuliani Says Strong Offense Needed To Defeat Terrorism
Thursday, April 19th 2007, 8:07 pm
OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) -- Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani said Thursday the U.S. and other western nations reacted defensively to terrorism for decades before the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and must remain on the offensive to prevent more.
"If you don't get it after Sept. 11, you're never going to get it," Giuliani, a Republican presidential candidate, said during a symposium on terror with former Oklahoma City Mayor Ron Norick held in conjunction with the 12th anniversary of the Oklahoma City bombing.
Giuliani traced the Sept. 11 attack to a litany of previous terror attacks, including the 1972 massacre of Israeli Olympic athletes in Munich, the 1985 hijacking of the Achille Lauro passenger liner in which an American was killed and the 2000 suicide bombing of the USS Cole guided missile destroyer in which 17 sailors died.
In each case, there was no response to the attacks or the response was ineffective, he said.
Norick said that Timothy McVeigh, convicted of federal murder charges in the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Oklahoma City federal building and executed on June 11, 2001, believed the bombing would inspire militia groups and right-wing extremists to rise up and overthrow the federal government. Just the opposite happened, he said.
"Our country came together," Norick said.
Giuliani and Norick credited the high level of disaster response training received by fire and police agencies with the effective response they gave to the terror attacks in their respective cities.
"Training is critical," Giuliani said.
The initial response to the bombing of the federal building, including extinguishing fires, securing the shattered structure and searching for victims and survivors, was "well organized," Norick said.
"They knew what they were doing," he said. "I basically stayed out of their way."
Giuliani said nine New York City firefighters who participated in search and rescue efforts following the Oklahoma City bombing died while responding to the terror attacks on the World Trade Center six years later.
A total of 343 New York City firefighters and paramedics were killed when the towers collapsed, including First Deputy Commissioner William M. Feehan and Chief of Department Peter Ganci.
"We lost a disproportionate number of our experienced guys," Giuliani said.
News On 6 OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) -- Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani said Thursday the U.S. and other western nations reacted defensively to terrorism for decades before the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks


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package org.apache.hive.service.cli;

/**
 * PatternOrIdentifier.
 *
 */
public class PatternOrIdentifier {

  boolean isPattern = false;
  String text;

  public PatternOrIdentifier(String tpoi) {
    text = tpoi;
    isPattern = false;
  }

  public boolean isPattern() {
    return isPattern;
  }

  public boolean isIdentifier() {
    return !isPattern;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return text;
  }
}


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Internal Information Cascades
by JenniferRM12 min read25th Jun 20218 comments
PsychologyInformation CascadesRationalityWorld Modeling
Expert Specialization As An Internal Information Cascade
Uncooperative Misanthropy As An Internal Information Cascade
Summarizing The Concept And Its Implications
Epistemic Status: This was written in 2010 and existed in LW's editing purgatory ever since. It doesn't seem extremely wrong. ("Remember 'light side epistemology'? Pepperidge Farms remembers.") Perhaps the biggest flaw is that I didn't hit the publication button sooner and this meta-flaw is implicit in the perspective being described? Maybe the last 10 years would have gone better, but it is hard to reverse the action of publishing. Some links don't work. I fixed a few typos.. Perhaps link archiving will one day receive more systematic attention and links here which once worked, and now do not, can be restored via some kind of archival reconciliation?
A classic information cascade is a situation where early decisions by individuals in a group bias the decisions of other people in same group in the same direction. When people talk about information cascades they're generally talking about "dumb herd behavior".
If one person observed something and justified a behavior of their own in a robust way, their behavior, observed, is indirect evidence of their observations and reasoning. If 10 people update based on a shallow observation of the first person, their own behavior is not actually 10 times more evidence. It would be more informative for there to be 11 independent people who all just happened to think and act alike independently.
The classic example of multi-agent information cascades is probably an economic bubble, where early investment decisions are "irrationally" mimicked by later speculators creating a temporary increase in demand for the investment. Purchasing behavior expands through a community like a wave and the "genuine" opportunity here is to buy ahead of the wave and "flip" the investment shortly afterwards to a "greater fool" who found out about the bubble later than yourself. Aside from obvious moral concerns, the selfish worry is that bubbles are basically self organized Ponzi schemes where the last round of investors is the largest, and they lose a substantial amount of money to early adopters who successfully executed the "flip" maneuver before the crash. The "average investor" has no easy way to tell that they are a late entrant who will lose money.
In this community, RichardKennaway called attention to a paper about classical cascades in academic citations and Johnicholas wrote about similar potential in voting and karma on lesswrong.
The rest of this article will discuss a process similar to classical information cascades except happening within the mind of a single person in a way that requires no mass delusion of any kind. The similarity between "internal information cascades" and the more traditional "external" information cascades arises from the fact that an initial idea non-obviously predetermines subsequent conclusions. Perhaps a way to think about it is that your own past behaviors and circumstances are not independent evidence, because they all had you in common.
Below, there are two rather different examples of the phenomenon. One example involves moral behavior based on theories of human nature. The other example uses economically rational skill acquisition. The post concludes with abstract observations and possible behavioral implications.
In this essay I wanted to make sure to provide two examples of internal cascades and I wanted one of the examples to be positive because the critical feature of an internal information cascade is not that they are "bad". The critical feature is that "initial" prior beliefs can feed forward into evidence gathering processes with potentially dramatic effects on subsequent beliefs. The final beliefs that grow from internal information cascades are deeply justified for the agent that believes them in the sense that they explain the agent's sensory expectations... the thing these beliefs don't have is the property of predicting the sensory data that other agents should expect (unless, perhaps, they start experiencing the world via the behavioral patterns and environmental contexts that are consistent with the belief's implied actions performed long enough and skillfully enough).
The easiest way I can think to explain this is with the example of a friend of mine who adjusted her life in her 40's. She'd been a programmer for years and had a sort of aura of wisdom for technology and consulting and startups. Some of my jobs in the past have involved computers and it was uncanny the way she could predict what was going on in my jobs from snippets of story about work. The thing is, she's a nurse now, because she got sick of programming and decided to change careers. The career change was a doozy in terms of personal finance but the real cost wasn't from the nursing school tuition... the really expensive part was the opportunity cost from not utilizing her programming skills while learning to be a nurse.
Something to notice here is how the pop culture "ten thousand hours till expertise" rule implies that you can work on almost anything and get progressively better and better at it. There is also a substantial academic literature on "expertise" but the key point in terms of internal information cascades is that people get better at whatever they do, not what they don't do. My friend is a counterexample of an internal information cascade (she successfully changed contexts) but the costs she bore in doing so highlight the natural barriers to novel skill acquisition: the more useful your skills in any domain become, the larger the opportunity costs for subsequent skill acquisition in other areas.
Economists are very big on the benefits of specialization, and point to the real benefits of trade as, in part, simply enabling expertise to develop so that people can do something enough times to become really good at it. From Adam Smith's theories about people to individual bees gaining productivity from flower specialization the economic value of specialization seems relatively clear1.
So while gaining expertise is generally a good thing, one should keep in mind that your world model after you become an expert will gain ridiculously high resolution (compared to non experts) in your area of expertise, while other areas of your world model will have much less resolution. The high resolution will tend to become ever more pronounced over time, so the cascade here is primarily in the "quantity" of beliefs within a domain, but the quality of the beliefs might also go up. Despite the benefits, the process may bring along certain "free riding beliefs" if you generate the occasional motivated belief at the edges. Perhaps justifying the value of your expertise (which is probably real) by processes that don't track for everyone? When people from different professions interact in an area outside either of their expertise you'll see some of this, and the biases revealed in this way can make for amusing jokes about "The mathematician, the physicist, and the engineer..."
Game theory has been inspiring psychological studies for many decades now. Kelley & Stahelski were early researchers in this area who proposed the "Triangle Hypothesis" which states "that competitors hold homogeneous views of others by assuming that most others are competitive, whereas cooperators or pro-social people hold more heterogeneous views by assuming that others are either cooperative or competitive" (source).
To vividly understand the triangle hypothesis, imagine that you're a participant in a study on actual *human performance* in an iterated prisoner's dilemma (especially in the 1960's and 1970's before the prisoner's dilemma paradigm had diffused into popular culture). The standard "tit for tat" strategy involves cooperating as your first move and thereafter simply mirroring the other person's behavior back at them. It is a very simple strategy that frequently works well. Suppose, however, you defected initially, just to see what would happen? When the other person defected on the next turn (as a natural response) there's a significant chance that repeated retaliation would be the outcome. It is a tragic fact that retaliatory cycles are sometimes actually observed with real human participants even in iterated prisoners dilemmas where the structure of the game should push people into cooperation.
Supposing you found yourself in a retaliatory cycle at the beginning of the study, then a grumpy mood from your first session could lead to another retaliatory cycle with a second partner. At this point you might start to wonder if everyone in this experiment was just automatically hostile? Perhaps maybe the world is just generally full of assholes and idiots? The more you believe something like this, the more likely you are to preemptively defect in your subsequent sessions with other experimental participants. Your preemptive cheating will lead to more conflict, thereby confirming your hypothesis. At the end of the experiment you'll have built up an impressive body of evidence supporting the theory that the world is full of evil idiots.
In 1974 Braver confirmed that the perceived intentions of partners in game theoretic contexts were frequently more important for predicting behavior than a subject's personal payoff matrix, and in 1978 Goldman tried pre-sorting participants into predicted cooperators and defectors and found (basically as predicted) that defectors tended not to notice opportunities to cooperate even when those opportunities actually existed.
Consider the tragedy here: People can update on the evidence all they want, but initial social hypotheses can still channel them into a social dynamics where they generate the evidence necessary to confirm their prior beliefs, even when those beliefs lead to suboptimal results. This is especially worrisome in light of the way the first few pieces of evidence can be acquired based on guesses growing out of marginally related environment noise in the moments before learning "formally starts".
First, here are four broad observations about internal information cascades:
Internal information cascades happen within a single mind, by definition, with no intermediate step requiring the agreement of others. I was tempted to call just them single-agent information cascades. They probably even happen in the minds of solitary agents, as with skill specialization for a survivor marooned on a desert island who repeats their relatively random early successes in food acquisition. I have a pet hypothesis that isolation-induced unusual internal information cascades around academic subjects are part of the story for autodidacts who break into academic respectability like Ramanujan and Jane Jacobs.
The beliefs that result from internal information cascades may be either good or bad for an individual or for the group they are a part of. In the broader scheme of things (taking into account the finite channel capacity of humans trying to learn, and the trivial ease of barter) it would probably be objectively bad for everyone in the world to attempt to acquire precisely the same set of beliefs about everything. Nonetheless, at least one example already exists (the triangle hypothesis mentioned above) of misanthropic beliefs cascading into anti-social behavioral implications that reinforce the misanthropy. Being precise, the misanthropy almost certainly deserves a clear negative emotional valence, not the cascade as such.
Internal information cascades put one in a curious state of "Bayesian sin" because one's prior beliefs "contaminate" the evidence stream from which one forms posterior beliefs. There is a sense in which they may be inescapable for people running on meat brains, because our "prior beliefs" are in some sense a part of the "external world" that we face moment-to-moment. Perhaps there are people who can update their entire belief network instantaneously? Perhaps computer based minds will be able to do this in the future? But I don't seem to have this ability. And despite the inescapability of this "Bayesian sin" the curiosity is that such cascades can sometimes be beneficial, which is a weird result from a sinful situation...
Beliefs formed in the course of internal information cascades appear to have very weird "universality" properties. Generally "rationality", "reason", and "science" are supposed to have the property of universality because, in theory, people should all converge to the same conclusions by application of "reason". However, using a pragmatic interpretation of "the universe" as the generator of sense data that one can feasibly access, it may be the case that some pairs of people could find themselves facing "incommensurate data sources". This would happen when someone is incapable of acting "as if" they believed what another person believes because the inferential distance is too great. The radically different sensory environment of two people deep into their own internal information cascades may pose substantial barriers to coordination and communication especially if they are not recognized and addressed by at least one of the parties.
Second, in terms of behavioral implications, I honestly don't have any properly validated insights for how to act in light of internal information cascades. Experimentally tested advice for applying these insights in predictably beneficial ways would be great, but I'm just not aware of any. Here are some practical "suggestions" to take with a grain of salt:
Pay a lot of attention to epistemic reversibility. Before I perform an experiment like (1) taking a drug, (2) hanging out with a "community of belief", or (3) taking major public stands on an issue, I try to look farther into the process to see how hard it is for people to get out later on. A version of rationality that can teach one to regret the adoption of that version of rationality is one that has my respect, and that I'm interested in trying out. If none of your apostates are awesome, maybe your curriculum is bad? For a practical application, my part in this comment sequence was aimed at testing Phillip Eby's self help techniques for reversibility before I jumped into experimenting with them.
Try to start with social hypotheses that explain situations by attributing inadequacy and vice to "me" and wisdom and virtue to "others" (but keep an exit option in your back pocket in case you're wrong). The triangle hypothesis was my first vivid exposure (I think I learned about it in 2003 or so) to the idea that internal information cascades can massively disrupt opportunities to cooperate with people. I have personally found it helpful to keep in mind. While hypotheses that are self-insulting and other-complimenting are not necessarily the place that "perfectly calibrated priors" would always start out, I'm not personally trying to be perfectly calibrated at every possible moment. My bigger picture goal is to have a life I'll look back from the near and far future as rewarding and positive taken as an integrated whole. The idea is that if my initial working hypothesis about being at fault and able to learn from someone is wrong then the downside isn't that bad, and I'll be motivated to change, but if I'm right then I may avoid falling into the "epistemic pit" of an internal information cascade with low value. I suspect that many traditional moral injunctions work partly to help here, keeping people out of dynamics from which they are unlikely to escape without substantial effort, and in which they may become trapped because they won't even notice that their situation could be otherwise.
Internal information cascades generally make the world that you're dealing with more tractable. For example, if you think that everyone around you is constantly trying to rip you off and/or sue you, you can take advantage of this "homogeneity in the world" by retaining a good lawyer for the kind of lawsuits you find yourself in over and over. I was once engaged in a "walk and talk" and the guy I was with asked out of the blue whether I noticed anything weird about people we'd passed. Apparently, a lot of people had been smiling at us, but people don't smile at strangers (or to my conversational partner?) very much. I make a point of trying to smile, make eye contact, and wave any time I pass someone on a sparsely populated street but I didn't realize that this caused me to be out of calibration with respect to the generically perceivable incidence of friendly strangers. I was tempted to not even mention it here? Practicing skills to gain expertise in neighborliness seems like an obvious application of the principle, but maybe it is complicated.
Another use for the concept involves "world biasing actions" as a useful way of modeling "dark-side epistemology". My little smile-and-waves to proximate strangers were one sort of world biasing action. Threatening someone that you'll call your lawyer is another sort of world biasing action. In both cases they are actions that are potentially part of internal information cascades. I think one reason (in the causal explanation sense) that people become emotionally committed to dark-side epistemology is that some nominally false beliefs really do imply personally helpful world biasing actions. When people can see these outcomes without mechanistically understanding where the positive results come from, they may (rightly) think that loss of "the belief" might remove life benefits that they are, in actual fact, deriving from the belief. My guess is that a "strict light side epistemologist" would argue that false beliefs, are false beliefs, are false beliefs and the correct thing to do is (1) engage in positive world biasing actions anyway, (2) while refraining from negative world biasing actions, (3) knowing full well that reality probably isn't the way the actions "seem to assume". Personally, I think strict light side epistemology gives humans more credit for mindfulness than we really have. On the one hand I don't want to believe crazy stuff, but on the other hand I don't want to have to remember five facts and derive elaborate consequences from them just to say hi to someone. I have found it helpful to sometimes just call the theory that endorses my preferred plan my "operating hypothesis" without worry about the priors or what I "really believe". Its easier for me to think about theories held at a distance and their implications, than to "truly believe" one thing and "do" another. In any case, internal information cascades help me think about the questions of the "practically useful beliefs" and world biasing actions in a more mechanistic and conceptually productive way.
1 = While hunting down the link about bee specialization I found an anomalous species of ants where nothing seemed to be gained from specialization. I'm not sure what to make of this, but it seemed irresponsible to suppress the surprise.
Psychology2Information Cascades2Rationality2World Modeling2
[-]Kaj_Sotala2y
Consider the tragedy here: People can update on the evidence all they want, but initial social hypotheses can still channel them into a social dynamics where they generate the evidence necessary to confirm their prior beliefs, even when those beliefs lead to suboptimal results.
Seems related to different worlds:
A few years ago I had lunch with another psychiatrist-in-training and realized we had totally different experiences with psychotherapy.
We both got the same types of cases. We were both practicing the same kinds of therapy. We were both in the same training program, studying under the same teachers. But our experiences were totally different. In particular, all her patients had dramatic emotional meltdowns, and all my patients gave calm and considered analyses of their problems, as if they were lecturing on a particularly boring episode from 19th-century Norwegian history.
I'm not bragging here. I wish I could get my patients to have dramatic emotional meltdowns. As per the textbooks, there should be a climactic moment where the patient identifies me with their father, then screams at me that I ruined their childhood, then breaks down crying and realizes that she loved her father all along, then ???, and then their depression is cured. I never got that. I tried, I even dropped some hints, like "Maybe this reminds you of your father?" or "Maybe you feel like screaming at me right now?", but they never took the bait. So I figured the textbooks were misleading, or that this was some kind of super-advanced technique, or that this was among the approximately 100% of things that Freud just pulled out of his ass.
And then I had lunch with my friend, and she was like "It's so stressful when all of your patients identify you with their parents and break down crying, isn't it? Don't you wish you could just go one day without that happening?"
And later, my supervisor was reviewing one of my therapy sessions, and I was surprised to hear him comment that I "seemed uncomfortable with dramatic expressions of emotion". I mean, I am uncomfortable with dramatic expressions of emotion. I was just surprised he noticed it. As a therapist, I'm supposed to be quiet and encouraging and not show discomfort at anything, and I was trying to do that, and I'd thought I was succeeding. But apparently I was unconsciously projecting some kind of "I don't like strong emotions, you'd better avoid those" field, and my patients were unconsciously complying.
[-]romeostevensit2y
This reminds me of 'The Medium is the Message' and the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and Quine's ontological commitments. Namely, that leaky abstractions don't just leak sideways across your different abstractions, but also up and down across levels of abstraction. Thus your epistemology leaks into your ontology and vice versa, which leak into which goals you can think about etc.
One takeaway from thinking this way was that I radically increased the priority on figuring out which skills are worth putting serious time into. Which were more 'upstream' of more good things. Two answers I came up with were expert judgment, since I can't do the vast majority of things on my own I need to know who to listen to, and introspection in order to not be mistaken about what I actually want.
[-]Gordon Seidoh Worley2y
Poetic summary: priors lay heavy.
[-]Joe Kwon2y
Thanks for posting this! I was wondering if you might share more about your "isolation-induced unusual internal information cascades" hypothesis/musings! Really interested in how you think this might relate to low-chance occurrences of breakthroughs/productivity.
[-]JenniferRM2y
So, I think Thomas Kuhn can be controversial to talk about, but I feel like maybe "science" isn't even "really recognizable science" maybe until AFTER it becomes riddled with prestige-related information cascades?
Kuhn noticed, descriptively, that when you look at actual people trying to make progress in various now-well-defined "scientific fields" all the way back at the beginnings, you find heterogeneity of vocabulary, re-invention of wheels, arguments about epistemology, and so on. This is "pre-science" in some sense. The books are aimed at a general audience. Everyone starts from scratch. There is no community that considers itself able to ignore the wider world and just geek out together but instead there is just a bunch of boring argumentative Tesla-caliber geniuses doing weird stuff that isn't much copied or understood by others.
THEN, a Classic arises. Historically almost always a book. Perhaps a mere monograph. There have been TWO of them named Principia Mathematica already!
It sweeps through a large body of people and everyone who reads it can't help but feel like conversations with people who haven't read it are boring retreads of old ideas. The classic lays out a few key ideas, a few key experiments, and a general approach that implies a bunch of almost-certainly-tractable open problems. Then people solve those almost-certainly-tractable problems like puzzles, one after another, and write to each other about it, thereby "making progress" with durable logs of the progress in the form of the publications. That "puzzle and publish" dynamic is "science as usual".
Subtract the classic, and you don't have a science... and it isn't that you don't necessarily have something fun or interesting or geeky or gadgety or mechanistic or relevant to the effecting of all things possible... its just that it lacks that central organizing "memetic sweep" (which DOES kind of look like a classic sociological information cascade in some ways) and lacks a community that will replicate and retain the positive innovations over deep time while talking about them the same way and citing the heroes forever.
There was no textbook or professor (not that I'm aware of anyway) that taught John Carmack how to create the doom 3D engine. Alex Krizhevsky's GPU work for computer vision was sort of out of left field, and a lot of it related to just hunkering down with the minutiae of how a GPU's memory pipeline could be reconciled with plausible vision-centric neural net architectures. One layer of meta up from there, Peter Thiel has a line he has repeated for years about how being socially attuned might actually make people less good at doing interesting projects. Oh... and Montessori kids showing up all over the place doing new shit.
I'm not saying here that left-field innovators SHOULD be role models. There could be good public and private reasons for optimizing in a way that is more socially aware and build around identifying and copying the greats? But cascades are sort of violating Bayes, and the cascade perspective suggests that not all the low hanging fruit has yet been picked in science, and there are reasons to suspect that being aware of the choices "to cascade or not to cascade" might make the choice more of a CHOICE rather than an accidental default. Mostly people seem to DEFAULT into copying. Then a weird number of innovators also have weird starts.
[-]Daniel V2y
This reminds me of the garden of forking paths a la Andrew Gelman. Good post with helpful suggestions.
[-]lsusr2y
Corollary: If you want to invent an at-least-human-level AI then it needs to have a mechanism for internal information cascades.
[-]Oren Montano3mo
Would deep dives into ethnic facial feature extraction for proximal ethnicities when compared to ethnicities one is not exposed to on a regular basis be a form of internal information cascade? Seems like it would also prompt an externality of seeming reduced respect between affected groups.
It stands to reason that when I formulate a fear relation to dogs due to an early experience, that the same world model would predispose me to judging cats when first encountering them in a different light.


In St. Al's, we recognise every student as an individual with her own talents and motivations and we strive to help each girl to set goals which inspire her to reach her potential. We believe that students achieve more when they are happy within themselves and their environment and so we aim to provide a caring atmosphere, one that makes them feel valued and cared for.
St. Al's girls perform brilliantly in examinations, but they enrich their performance through their high levels of participation in art, dance, drama, music, sport and charity work. Further opportunities to shine through are provided through a whole host of other activities, clubs and societies. We believe that students benefit greatly from an all-round education and that our girls should be busy, happy and successful.
Past St. Al's girls – Alouettes, take up competitive places at the country's best universities and go on to be leaders in all walks of life. However, it is clear above all else that the strong bonds of friendship which the girls form whilst at school have such an important impact upon who they are in later life.


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School of Health and Exercise Sciences
Faculty of Health and Social Development
ART360 – 1147 Research Road
ART360 - 1147 Research Road