text:
Винце́нт Анто́нович Жу́к-Гришке́вич (, ; 10 февраля 1903, Будслав, Вилейский уезд, Виленская губерния, Российская империя — 14 февраля 1989, Барри, Онтарио, Канада) — белорусский общественный и политический деятель. Председатель Рады БНР (в эмиграции) в 1970—1982 годах.

Ранние годы
Родился в белорусской римо-католической семье в местечке Будслав Вилейского уезда. Обучался в Будславской белорусской гимназии, а затем, после её ликвидации, в Виленской белорусской гимназии, которую закончил в 1922 году. Осенью того же года Жук-Гришкевич поступил на факультет славянской филологии и истории Карлова университета в Праге и в 1926 году выпустился из него, получив профессию учителя средней школы.

Уже в 1922 году, во время первых выборов в Польский сейм, Жук-Гришкевич был избирательным инструктором от Белорусского избирательного комитета в Вильно, занимался агитацией жителей белорусских земель Польши за белорусских кандидатов в польский сейм и сенат. Белорусы шли на выборы в блоке так называемых «меньшинств Польши».

В 1927—1939 годах Жук-Гришкевич работал учителем в Виленской белорусской гимназии, где преподавал историю, белорусский язык и литературу. Помимо этого, он был преподавателем белорусского языка в Православной духовной семинарии и в Высшей школе политических наук в Вильно.

В Праге Жук-Гришкевич примыкал к различным белорусским студенческим организациям, а в Вильно — принимал активное участие в жизни белорусского «Научного общества», «Белорусского учительского союза» и «Общества белорусской школы», сотрудничал с журналами и газетами «Белорусское дело», «Наше дело», «Народный звон», «Семья и школа» и «Молодая Беларусь». В 1935 году на шестом общем съезде польских историков он дал доклад на тему «Роль белорусских земель в польско-литовской унии».

Вторая мировая война
В сентябре 1939 года, после занятия Вильно частями РККА, Жук-Гришкевич был назначен стильредактором в газету «Виленская правда», но 30 сентября был арестован сотрудниками НКВД. В течение двух лет он содержался в нескольких тюрьмах БССР. В 1940 году Жук-Гришкевичу зачитали его приговор, в котором было сказано, что он представляет собой «социально опасный элемент», врага народа и советской власти, и в связи с этим приговаривается к восьми годам ИТЛ. Во время пребывания в лагерях он вместе с сотнями других заключённых строил самую северную в СССР — от Белого моря до Северного Урала — железнодорожную линию.

Осенью 1941 года, по договорённости между Молотовым и Сикорским, Жук-Гришкевич был амнистирован, после чего он отправился на запад, для зачисления в Армию генерала Андерса, формировавшуюся из польских граждан на территории СССР.

Воевал в составе 8-й Британской армии на территории Ирака, Палестины, Египта и — впоследствии — Италии, где принял участие в битве при Монте-Кассино. Награждён медалями. После прекращения военных действий преподавал историю и психологию в военной польской средней школе, проводя отдельную подготовку с учениками-белорусами для последующего основания белорусской организации в Англии, куда армия должна была вскоре переехать. В 1946 году в Лондоне это основание состоялось: первой после войны белорусской эмигрантской организацией стало «Объединение белорусов в Великобритании». Жук-Гришкевич стал его первым председателем. В эти годы он также был редактором журналов «На Пути» и «Белорус на чужбине».

В Канаде

Общественная деятельность

В январе 1950 года Винцент Жук-Гришкевич переехал в Торонто, где продолжил принимать участие в общественной жизни белорусской эмиграции. В 1951—1954 годах он работал в Торонтском университете, где читал лекции по белорусоведению. Он же выступил инициатором и главным организатором 1-й Встречи белорусов Северной Америки, состоявшейся в 1952 году, организовывал мероприятия для белорусских эмигрантов, делал доклады на белорусскую тематику, сотрудничал с эмигрантскими газетами «Белорусский Эмигрант» и «Отечество».

В 1952 году в Оттавском университете защитил докторскую диссертацию из области белорусской литературы на тему «Лирика Янки Купалы» и получил учёную степень доктора философии в области литературы. Как впоследствии заметил профессор Оттавского университета В. Ж. Кейз, Винцент Жук-Гришкевич был первым белорусом, соискавшим докторат в Оттавском университете.

4 сентября 1953 года женился на студентке Торонтского университета Раисе Жуковской.

В начале 1954 года председатель Рады БНР в изгнании Николай Абрамчик направил Жук-Гришкевича в Мюнхен с целью организации белорусской секции радио «Освобождение» и её возглавления. Уже 20 апреля 1954 года первые белорусские радиопередачи начали выходить в эфир. Спустя два года, в апреле 1956 года, Жук-Гришкевич вернулся обратно в Торонто.

После возвращения в Канаду Жук-Гришкевич продолжил активную общественную деятельность. В 1966 году им был организован Координационный Комитет Белорусов Канады, в 1967 году — Белорусский Институт науки и искусства в Канаде (БИНИИ). Первым председателем обеих организаций стал сам Жук-Гришкевич. В 1965 году он принял участие в съезде Совета столетия Канады в Торонто в качестве представителя Объединения белорусов Канады, а в 1967 году — на Втором конгрессе канадских славян в Оттаве, где представил свой доклад «Белорусы и канадская статистика» и доказал, что белорусов в Канаде на тот момент насчитывалось больше 50 тысяч, что было необходимо отметить в канадской статистике (до сих пор белорусов в списке этнических групп Канады не было вообще).

Как член Совета Республики и председатель Секретариата Рады БНР, Винцент Жук-Гришкевич обработал проект реорганизации Рады БНР, изменения Устава и создания национально-политической белорусской организации — Лиги БНР. Проект этот, как дискуссионный материал, он представил на заседании 10-й сессии Рады БНР, которая состоялась в апреле 1968 года в Нью-Йорке. На этой же сессии Винцент Жук-Гришкевич был избран первым заместителем Председателя Рады БНР Николая Абрамчика.

Председатель Рады БНР
После смерти Абрамчика 29 мая 1970 года Винцент Жук-Гришкевич стал новым председателем Рады БНР, будучи избранным на шестилетний срок 11-й сессией Рады БНР от 29 марта 1971 года в Нью-Йорке.

В период председательства Жук-Гришкевича Радой БНР был принят в течение четырёх сессий Совета новый Устав Рады БНР. В 1973 году Жук-Гришкевич основал «Фонд белорусских учебников», в том числе, инициировал создание англоязычного учебника «Fundamental Byelorussian — Белорусский язык», обработанного Валентиной Пашкевич, под редакцией Антона Адамовича. Он занимал пост председателя Рады БНР до ноября 1982 года, после чего уступил его Иосифу (Язепу) Сажичу.

Смерть

Винцент Жук-Гришкевич скончался 14 февраля 1989 года в Берри. Его останки покоятся на белорусском кладбище Жировичской Божией Матери в Ист-Брансуике (Нью-Джерси, США). На его надгробном памятнике находится изображение Погони, орнамент из «Малой подорожной книжицы» Франциска Скорины и надписи кириллицей на белорусском языке.

Автор воспоминаний «25 сакавіка».

См. также
 Белорусы в Канаде

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки
 Белорусская газета «Новый Час». «Вінцэнт Жук-Грышкевіч» (Статья к 100-летию со дня рождения; 30 января — 12 февраля 2003 года)
 Биографическая статья на vialejka.org

Члены Рады Белорусской народной республики
Репрессированные в СССР
Политики по алфавиту
Педагоги по алфавиту
Педагоги Белоруссии
Участники Второй мировой войны
Преподаватели Виленской духовной семинарии
Преподаватели Торонтского университета
Выпускники Карлова университета
Персоналии:Радио «Свобода»
Белорусское зарубежье:Персоналии
Статьи с эдитнотисом об осторожности при редактировании

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Tallinn Tram and Trolleybus Company was started in 1997.
Tallinn Tram and Trolleybus Company was merged with Tallinn Bus Company, and Tallinna Linnatranspordi AS officially started its operations under the new name on 18 July 2012.
^ Filippov, Madis (19 July 2012). "Tallinna Autobussikoondis ja Trammi- ja Trollibussikoondis ühinesid". Tallinn City (in Estonian). Postimees. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
^ a b c d "Tram schedules". Retrieved 2 January 2015.
^ a b c d "Trolleybus schedule".
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text:
Taking an "anti-whiteness" position is not being anti "Afro-European" people or culture. Featured
Written by Patrick Tariq Mellet
I am often accused of taking an anti-white stance and I always reply that I take an "anti-whiteness" position not anti "Afro-European" people or culture. There is a difference and that difference is written in blood and heroism.
It has perplexed me for some time to hear how many white South Africans put forward arguments as to why they should not be held responsible for the reign of dispossession and terror on South Africans of colour, generation after generation and most particularly during the over 46 years of the Apartheid regime.
Nine out of ten white South Africans to this day believe that the Apartheid system was not comparable to Nazism, regardless of the fact that the majority of the countries of the world said that it was, as did the world court. It was called "A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY" and a police state run by political criminals and kept in power by the vast majority of white South Africans who benefited tremendously from the Apartheid system.
The answers and culture of denial by white South Africans cover a broad range of excuses including pleading not knowing what was going on, to not realising how bad it was, and the biggest excuse being how they were simply obeying the law and had no other option.
Others propose that the aberration of Apartheid was just an Afrikaner extremist problem and that English speakers were powerless. Others put forward that they were not part of the National Party but belonged to what people of colour call "sweetheart whites-only opposition parties" where there was no fundamental differences but rather was Apartheid without the rough edges.
Here I simply want to tackle the nonsense that whites had NO OTHER OPTION than to follow the law and adhere to the Apartheid Crime Against Humanity, which of course they at the same time disagree that this describes that system.
I want to show that over the entire colonial period and the Apartheid era that there always was ANOTHER OPTION and that there were NON-CONFORMISTS among the Europeans who took the other option at great expense to themselves. I tell the story in tribute to those South Africans classified as white who chose not to indulge in owning and defending the notion of "whiteness", set the privileges of "whiteness" aside, and who took the resistance road.
It is a story of embracing Africa as people of Afro-European culture and being clear about what was right and wrong and who accepted being led by Africans and making their life alongside Africans for life. They did what they did at great personal cost and in the case of some, lost their lives in the process, and never considered themselves as special nor defined their own identities by referring to "whiteness".
I raise this issue for three reasons. The first reason is that the denialism, the excuses and the bleating by many whites that they are victims and that South Africa was better managed under Apartheid and superior white rule has reached such a vulgar and dishonest crescendo that this denialism is actually criminal. Nazi denialism in Europe is actually criminal as there are laws against it.
Secondly these arguments and behaviours are an insult to the many South Africans of Afro-European heritage who dedicated all their energy and passion to break the law and engage in resistance to colonialism and Apartheid (I am loathe to refer to these as 'whites' as they never referred to themselves as such nor defended 'Whiteness').
There is a non-conformist tradition among Europeans and Afro-Europeans that goes back to the pre-colonial visitors to the Cape as well as in the early VOC colonial period and beyond under British rule, through to the Apartheid era.
The traditions of Europeans defying the VOC and integrating with Khoena (Khoi), Slaves or Free Blacks, can be seen to have been a significant part of the early colony in its first 60 years. Perhaps the defining moment as to how the racists won the day against the non-conformists is when these were targeted as "the enemy in our midst" in 1706. In this year Adam Tas, Willem van Zijl and cattle baron Henning Husing drew up a petition to the VoC calling for the removal of governor Willem Adrian van der Stel and was signed by 63 of the 550 burghers, and of the 63 half were French Huguenots. A counter petition was signed by 250 of the Burghers supporting Governor Willem Adrian van der Stel.
All sorts of reasons involving a smearing of the character of the governor was put forward by those calling for his removal, but at the root of this disgruntlement was the issue of cattle baron Henning Huising and his informal commandos riding into the interior to raid cattle from the free Khoi and Xhosa, whereby the Governor forbade such activity and took action to stop it. The VOC in Amsterdam initially supported the Governor and rejected the Tas/Huising petition, but later reversed this, fearful that the French, with whom the Netherlands were engaged in war, would come to the aid of the Governor's opponents because the petitioners was made up of a large French Huguenot component. The reversed decision in 1707 also was a response to a second counter-petition by the 63 in which Tas used racist vitriolic to attack the 250 petitioners that supported Governer van der Stel.
Simon van der Stel and his son Willem Adrian van der Stel were the first Governors of colour at the Cape. Simon's father was a Dutch Governor of Mauritius and his mother was the daughter of a former Indian slave from the Coromandel coast, Monica de Costa Coromondel.
Tas, a Jewish convert to Christianity, who came to the Cape with nothing and married into money through marrying a wealthy widow, and a rather despicable character in terms of how he treated his slaves, in his diary explains his reference to his argument countering the 250 petitioners supporting the Governor. He implored that the VOC should not listen to those petitioners because they were THE BLACK BROOD AMONG US. He describes the opposing petitioners as "Slaves, Kaffers, Mullatos, Mestizos and all the black brood among us and related to European and Christian by marriage."
I use this incident as the drawing of the line in the sand as to the genesis of the divide between non-conformists and conformists among the Europeans. I have no doubt about this as Adam Tas and his "struggle" was a major reference point for Afrikaner Christian Nationalism and their ideology of Apartheid. It also established the white notion that "Black is Equal to Corruption".
Leo Fouche in his introduction to the translation and printing of Adam Tas's diary in 1914 describes Governor van der Stel in this racist manner – "…. He is a character which still remains a mystery to many who have forgotten his mixed descent….. Simon van der Stel was a man of remarkable qualities, although far from that pattern of all of the virtues which historians represent him as having been. But as is frequently in the case of persons of mixed blood, the throwback had occurred in the third generation (namely Willem). The impression that Willem Adrian leaves upon us is that of a half-Oriental…. He displayed all of the characteristics of the Eastern Potentate."
Over the 18th century non-conformist Europeans were marginalised as people on the fringes of European society no different to those of colour with whom they assimilated.
The last two decades of the 18th century and first few decades of the 19th century marked a period of major changes at the Cape and in the course of this climate remarkable indigene and slave rebel leaders emerged such as Makhana, Ndlambe, Chungwa, Koerikei, Klaas Stuurman, David Stuurman, Hans Trompetter , Louis of Mauritius, Abraham van der Kaap, Gelant van der Kaap and others.
But alongside of these, non-conformist Europeans also formed a rebel tradition. These opponents of first the VOC/Batavian Republic and then the British authorities, such as Coenrad de Buys, Barend Lindeque, Dr Johannes van der Kemp, Thomas Pringle, James Hooper and others who made common cause with Indigene peoples and slaves in their struggles, are not recognised as being significant in colonial history lessons. One of these lost his life by hanging after the largest treason trial in South Africa's history in 1808 found him guilty as one of the leaders of a slave revolt by 326. Two Irishmen, James Hooper and MIchael Kelly were part of that revolt, and Hooper was executed for his involvement.
In the 20th century significant numbers of Afro-European resisters to colonialism and Apartheid can be identified. They are too many to name, but I will name a few. From the late 1800s and early 1900s Europeans and Afro-European socialists and trades unionists became more aware of the injustices against Africans and assisted in establishing trades unions and resistance associations and by the 1930s many were prepared to be led by Africans for the common held goal of National Liberation and the defeat of colonialism and Apartheid. In the 1930s the concepts of a United Front, a National Liberation League and a Non-racial Trades Union movement emerged as the most progressive thrust in the political area. As a result of the worldwide growth of Fascism and ethno-Nationalism, progressive Afro-Europeans were able to recognise that at the heart of local Fascist Nationalism in South Africa was the jackboot of white domination crushing the African people.
People like Ray Alexander, Bill Andrews, Eddie Roux, Max Gordon, Sydney Bunting, Betty du Toit, Solly Sachs, Hester and Johanna Cornelius, Errol Shanley, Anna Scheepers, Eli Weinberg, Phyllis Altman and so many more worked tirelessly alongside Africans like Moses Kotane, JB Marks, James Philips, Cissie Gool, John Gomas, James la Guma, Moses Mabida, Goolam Gool, George Ponnen, Edwin Mofutsanyana and others. All were subject to continuous harassment, arrest and court action for walking the resistance road.
After the Second World War with the coming to power in 1948 of the National Party and their ideology of Apartheid, the repression stakes became increasingly more severe and by 1960 a full fascist police state became the order of the day. Returning soldiers after the 1939-1945 world war on witnessing the emergence of a state similar to the Nazi German and Italian fascist states, man a stand. A group of leftwing socialist soldiers from the Springbok Legion opened discussions with the liberal element of the United Party and together they formed a non-partisan committee to protest against the erosion of democracy and new Apartheid laws. This became known as the Torch Commando and WW2 Fighter Pilot hero Adolf 'Sailor' Malan was elected as the leader. For two years huge protest marches took place across South Africa.
But while this action quickly petered out a core among the left-wing Springbok Legionnaires like Joe Slovo, Rica Hodgson, Rusty Bernstein, Wolfie Kodesh, Jack Hodgson, Brian Bunting, Fred Carneson and others, together with trades unionists like the Levy brothers, and other communists like Ruth First, Sam Kahn, Mike Harmel, Ray Harmel, Sarah Carneson, Hilda Bernstein, Denis Goldberg, Ben Turok, Mary Turok and others played a huge role in developing an underground resistance and Umkhonto we Sizwe as the political conditions changed. Then there were people like Helen Joseph, Yetta Barentbatt, Harold Strachan, Arther Goldreich, Ethel de Keiser, Allan Brooks, Harold and Anne-Marie Wolpe and others joined the Congress of Democrats and the Liberal Party - like Margeret Ballinger, Alan Paton, Patrick Duncan, and John Harris who was a member of their short lived Armed Resistance Movement.
All of these and the many, many, un-named paid a huge price facing bannings, house arrest, imprisonment, ridicule, smearing of their name, exile, dirty tricks and assassination attempts. They fundamentally challenged the Apartheid system and its fellow travellers in formal whites-only parties to show that there was a meaningful way that could be engaged in to oppose Apartheid and its police state. Denis Goldberg was sentenced to life imprisonment along with Nelson Mandela and others, and John Harris was hanged for the Johannesburg station bombing. Bram Fischer was imprisoned for life and died of cancer while undergoing that sentence. Ruth First was killed in a bombing by the security Police. Albie Sachs was maimed for life by a security police bomb. And the stories go on and on.
Among the next generations were people like Jeanette Curtis Schoon who with her daughter was blown up by a bomb sent to her as a parcel in the post by Craig Williamson of the security police. Her husband Marius Schoon spent twelve years in prison for his opposition to Apartheid. His cousin, journalist Tony holiday was also imprisoned. Marion Sparg is another one of those who said "I cannot do nothing" and as a result of her action as an MK cadre got a 25 year prison sentence. Father Michael Lapsley was maimed through loss of arms and an eye as a result of a security police bomb. Alex Mombaris, Steve Lee and Tim Jenkins all serving long jail sentences as MK cadres managed to break out of prison. Trades Unioinst Neil Aggett died at the hands of security police while in detention.
This story of resistance to colonialism and Apartheid goes on and on with many daily giving of themselves in so many different ways in Black Sash, the Confessing Resistance Church, and the many organisations in the Mass Democratic Movement, the Trades Unions, the UDF and so on. Then there are also the many brave young men who when faced with imprisonment or exile for refusing to join the army and take up arms they took the difficult decision to remain true to the majority people of colour and not participate in their suppression by police and armed forces….and refused to be part of a war machine also causing havoc across Southern Africa in neighbouring states.
It is impossible to be comprehensive and to mention everyone, every organisation and every heroic event…. So many Afro-European South African Patriots and also Europeans abroad played a role in really resisting Apartheid and paying a huge price for doing so.
When parties like the DA claim to have opposed Apartheid it is an insult to this long line of Afro-European heroes, especially when they sometimes borrow these names to defend "Whiteness" and white privilege. When people say that they were not a part of the evil "Crime against Humanity" that Apartheid was, but they just went along with everything and built their lives and benefited from Apartheid, all I can say is think of those who were arrested, tortured, harassed, killed and their lives destroyed simply for their opposition to Apartheid. I say the same to those who said they had no option but to obey the law and cannot be blamed. They did have options. To not have exercised an option of real opposition is to have been part of the problem. That is the honest truth.
These patriots going back over the centuries must never be airbrushed out of history. The sacrifices made by these in bring about a non-racial democracy is unfortunately not adequately recognised in the public arena and young people are not being told this story. It is only by telling this story that we can isolate racism effectively by those who continue to identify themselves in terms of 'whiteness' and who poison young minds. It is also this story that is vital to resolving the National Question and beginning to build one united South African nation.
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text:
Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network subjects
Catherine Lee Hough, Richard H. Kallet, V. Marco Ranieri, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, John M. Luce, Leonard D. Hudson
Objective: We tested the hypothesis that subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg predicted body weight tidal volume study group of the National Institutes of Health Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network study had higher levels of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) than subjects randomized to the 12 mL/kg predicted body weight tidal volume study group. Design: Secondary analysis of a subgroup from a randomized controlled trial. Setting: Hospitals located in San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA. Patients: Eighty-four patients enrolled in the ARDS Network tidal volume trial in San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA, with records of measurement of intrinsic PEEP. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Intrinsic PEEP was assessed a median of six times over the first 48 hrs of ARDS Network protocol ventilation in study subjects, with no significant difference in number of measurements between subjects randomized to the tidal volume protocol of 6 mL/kg compared with 12 mL/kg. We found that intrinsic PEEP was higher among subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg protocol, with a median intrinsic PEEP of 1.3 cm H2O (interquartile range, 0-3.1 cm H2O), compared with a median intrinsic PEEP of 0.5 cm H2O (interquartile range, 0-1.5 cm H2O) among subjects randomized to 12 mL/kg (p = .029). There was no difference in total PEEP between the study groups. Conclusions: In a subgroup of ARDS Network subjects, intrinsic PEEP was statistically significantly higher in subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg protocol than those in the 12 mL/kg study group. The amount of intrinsic PEEP was very low in both study groups, and difference of median intrinsic PEEP between the groups was <1 cm H2O. It is unlikely that the difference in intrinsic PEEP between the study groups was clinically important in the ARDS Network study of low tidal volume ventilation.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000155782.86244.42
Intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure
Lung-protective ventilation
10.1097/01.CCM.0000155782.86244.42
Dive into the research topics of 'Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network subjects'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Positive-Pressure Respiration Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Medicine & Life Sciences 93%
Tidal Volume Medicine & Life Sciences 43%
San Francisco Medicine & Life Sciences 19%
Body Weight Medicine & Life Sciences 11%
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Ventilation Medicine & Life Sciences 6%
Randomized Controlled Trials Medicine & Life Sciences 5%
Hough, C. L., Kallet, R. H., Ranieri, V. M., Rubenfeld, G. D., Luce, J. M., & Hudson, L. D. (2005). Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network subjects. Critical care medicine, 33(3), 527-532. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000155782.86244.42
Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network subjects. / Hough, Catherine Lee; Kallet, Richard H.; Ranieri, V. Marco; Rubenfeld, Gordon D.; Luce, John M.; Hudson, Leonard D.
In: Critical care medicine, Vol. 33, No. 3, 03.2005, p. 527-532.
Hough, CL, Kallet, RH, Ranieri, VM, Rubenfeld, GD, Luce, JM & Hudson, LD 2005, 'Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network subjects', Critical care medicine, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 527-532. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000155782.86244.42
Hough CL, Kallet RH, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Luce JM, Hudson LD. Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network subjects. Critical care medicine. 2005 Mar;33(3):527-532. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000155782.86244.42
Hough, Catherine Lee ; Kallet, Richard H. ; Ranieri, V. Marco ; Rubenfeld, Gordon D. ; Luce, John M. ; Hudson, Leonard D. / Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network subjects. In: Critical care medicine. 2005 ; Vol. 33, No. 3. pp. 527-532.
@article{994d4c98f2834be79a834c1be6a24114,
title = "Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network subjects",
abstract = "Objective: We tested the hypothesis that subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg predicted body weight tidal volume study group of the National Institutes of Health Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network study had higher levels of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) than subjects randomized to the 12 mL/kg predicted body weight tidal volume study group. Design: Secondary analysis of a subgroup from a randomized controlled trial. Setting: Hospitals located in San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA. Patients: Eighty-four patients enrolled in the ARDS Network tidal volume trial in San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA, with records of measurement of intrinsic PEEP. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Intrinsic PEEP was assessed a median of six times over the first 48 hrs of ARDS Network protocol ventilation in study subjects, with no significant difference in number of measurements between subjects randomized to the tidal volume protocol of 6 mL/kg compared with 12 mL/kg. We found that intrinsic PEEP was higher among subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg protocol, with a median intrinsic PEEP of 1.3 cm H2O (interquartile range, 0-3.1 cm H2O), compared with a median intrinsic PEEP of 0.5 cm H2O (interquartile range, 0-1.5 cm H2O) among subjects randomized to 12 mL/kg (p = .029). There was no difference in total PEEP between the study groups. Conclusions: In a subgroup of ARDS Network subjects, intrinsic PEEP was statistically significantly higher in subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg protocol than those in the 12 mL/kg study group. The amount of intrinsic PEEP was very low in both study groups, and difference of median intrinsic PEEP between the groups was <1 cm H2O. It is unlikely that the difference in intrinsic PEEP between the study groups was clinically important in the ARDS Network study of low tidal volume ventilation.",
keywords = "Acute lung injury, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure, Lung-protective ventilation",
author = "Hough, {Catherine Lee} and Kallet, {Richard H.} and Ranieri, {V. Marco} and Rubenfeld, {Gordon D.} and Luce, {John M.} and Hudson, {Leonard D.}",
doi = "10.1097/01.CCM.0000155782.86244.42",
journal = "Critical Care Medicine",
T1 - Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network subjects
AU - Hough, Catherine Lee
AU - Kallet, Richard H.
AU - Ranieri, V. Marco
AU - Rubenfeld, Gordon D.
AU - Luce, John M.
AU - Hudson, Leonard D.
N2 - Objective: We tested the hypothesis that subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg predicted body weight tidal volume study group of the National Institutes of Health Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network study had higher levels of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) than subjects randomized to the 12 mL/kg predicted body weight tidal volume study group. Design: Secondary analysis of a subgroup from a randomized controlled trial. Setting: Hospitals located in San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA. Patients: Eighty-four patients enrolled in the ARDS Network tidal volume trial in San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA, with records of measurement of intrinsic PEEP. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Intrinsic PEEP was assessed a median of six times over the first 48 hrs of ARDS Network protocol ventilation in study subjects, with no significant difference in number of measurements between subjects randomized to the tidal volume protocol of 6 mL/kg compared with 12 mL/kg. We found that intrinsic PEEP was higher among subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg protocol, with a median intrinsic PEEP of 1.3 cm H2O (interquartile range, 0-3.1 cm H2O), compared with a median intrinsic PEEP of 0.5 cm H2O (interquartile range, 0-1.5 cm H2O) among subjects randomized to 12 mL/kg (p = .029). There was no difference in total PEEP between the study groups. Conclusions: In a subgroup of ARDS Network subjects, intrinsic PEEP was statistically significantly higher in subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg protocol than those in the 12 mL/kg study group. The amount of intrinsic PEEP was very low in both study groups, and difference of median intrinsic PEEP between the groups was <1 cm H2O. It is unlikely that the difference in intrinsic PEEP between the study groups was clinically important in the ARDS Network study of low tidal volume ventilation.
AB - Objective: We tested the hypothesis that subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg predicted body weight tidal volume study group of the National Institutes of Health Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network study had higher levels of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) than subjects randomized to the 12 mL/kg predicted body weight tidal volume study group. Design: Secondary analysis of a subgroup from a randomized controlled trial. Setting: Hospitals located in San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA. Patients: Eighty-four patients enrolled in the ARDS Network tidal volume trial in San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA, with records of measurement of intrinsic PEEP. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Intrinsic PEEP was assessed a median of six times over the first 48 hrs of ARDS Network protocol ventilation in study subjects, with no significant difference in number of measurements between subjects randomized to the tidal volume protocol of 6 mL/kg compared with 12 mL/kg. We found that intrinsic PEEP was higher among subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg protocol, with a median intrinsic PEEP of 1.3 cm H2O (interquartile range, 0-3.1 cm H2O), compared with a median intrinsic PEEP of 0.5 cm H2O (interquartile range, 0-1.5 cm H2O) among subjects randomized to 12 mL/kg (p = .029). There was no difference in total PEEP between the study groups. Conclusions: In a subgroup of ARDS Network subjects, intrinsic PEEP was statistically significantly higher in subjects randomized to the 6 mL/kg protocol than those in the 12 mL/kg study group. The amount of intrinsic PEEP was very low in both study groups, and difference of median intrinsic PEEP between the groups was <1 cm H2O. It is unlikely that the difference in intrinsic PEEP between the study groups was clinically important in the ARDS Network study of low tidal volume ventilation.
KW - Acute lung injury
KW - Acute respiratory distress syndrome
KW - Intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure
KW - Lung-protective ventilation
U2 - 10.1097/01.CCM.0000155782.86244.42
DO - 10.1097/01.CCM.0000155782.86244.42
JO - Critical Care Medicine
JF - Critical Care Medicine


text:
Q: Couldn't match types deep in a monad stack I'm writing a OpenGL program for learning purposes, using GPipe library. The library does some black type magic, and that (with a newtype from me thrown in for a good measure) makes me unable to properly parse error messages. The following code doesn't compile:
{-# LANGUAGE PackageImports #-}
module Main where

import Control.Monad.State
import Control.Monad.Except

import qualified "GPipe" Graphics.GPipe as GP
import qualified "GPipe-GLFW" Graphics.GPipe.Context.GLFW as GLFW

---- types ----

newtype Processor ctx os a = Processor {
    runProcessor :: GP.ContextT ctx os (StateT (FullState os) IO) a
}

data Transition os = ToMainMenu (FullState os)
                   | Quit

type CType = GP.RGBFloat
type UnitWindow os = GP.Window os CType ()

data ArtState os = ArtState {
    _asWindow :: UnitWindow os
}

data ProgState = ProgState

data FullState os = FullState {
    _fsArtState :: ArtState os
  , _fsProgState :: ProgState
}

---- constructors ----

mkFullState :: UnitWindow os -> FilePath -> ExceptT String IO (FullState os)
mkFullState window directory = do
    art <- mkArtState window directory
    prog <- mkProgState directory
    return FullState {
        _fsArtState = art
      , _fsProgState = prog
    }

mkArtState :: UnitWindow os -> FilePath -> ExceptT String IO (ArtState os)
mkArtState window _ = return ArtState {
    _asWindow = window
}

mkProgState :: FilePath -> ExceptT String IO ProgState
mkProgState _ = return ProgState

---- processors ----

start :: Processor ctx os (Transition os)
start = Processor $ GP.runContextT GLFW.defaultHandleConfig $ do
    win <- GP.newWindow (GP.WindowFormatColor GP.RGB8) (GLFW.defaultWindowConfig "Foobar")
    possiblyState <- liftIO $ runExceptT $ mkFullState win "./"
    case possiblyState of
         Left err -> liftIO $ putStrLn err >> return Quit
         Right state -> return $ ToMainMenu state

---- Main ----

main :: IO ()
main = do
    transition <- runProcessor start
    case transition of
         Quit -> return ()
         ToMainMenu _ -> return ()

The idea is to have Processors return a Transition to be used by the main loop to select an appropriate path of execution. The compilation error is as follows:
/tmp/testing/app/Main.hs:60:25: error:
    • Couldn't match type 'os1' with 'os'
      'os1' is a rigid type variable bound by
        a type expected by the context:
          forall os1.
          GP.ContextT
            GLFW.Handle
            os1
            (GP.ContextT ctx os (StateT (FullState os) IO))
            (Transition os)
        at app/Main.hs:(55,21)-(60,49)
      'os' is a rigid type variable bound by
        the type signature for:
          start :: forall ctx os. Processor ctx os (Transition os)
        at app/Main.hs:54:1-41
      Expected type: GP.ContextT
                       GLFW.Handle
                       os1
                       (GP.ContextT ctx os (StateT (FullState os) IO))
                       (Transition os)
        Actual type: GP.ContextT
                       GLFW.Handle
                       os1
                       (GP.ContextT ctx os (StateT (FullState os) IO))
                       (Transition os1)
    • In the expression: return $ ToMainMenu state
      In a case alternative: Right state -> return $ ToMainMenu state
      In a stmt of a 'do' block:
        case possiblyState of
          Left err -> liftIO $ putStrLn err >> return Quit
          Right state -> return $ ToMainMenu state
    • Relevant bindings include
        state :: FullState os1 (bound at app/Main.hs:60:16)
        possiblyState :: Either String (FullState os1)
          (bound at app/Main.hs:57:5)
        win :: GP.Window os1 GP.RGBFloat () (bound at app/Main.hs:56:5)
        start :: Processor ctx os (Transition os)
          (bound at app/Main.hs:55:1)
   |
60 |          Right state -> return $ ToMainMenu state
   |                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

My understanding of Haskell and monads doesn't allow me to fix this, I can sort of see that os1 and os are produced by different equations and therefore GHC can't just mark them as same, but I'm at a loss as to how to repair that. If I remove os parameter from the Transition enum, the error disappears, but I need it to pass the state around instead of reinitializing it in every Processor.
Could someone explain what's going wrong and how to fix it?
PS. Oh, and when I clumped all the code in a single file, a new error appeared that was previously masked by compilation order.

A: A function that returns a ContextT value (here wrapped in Processor), like start, should not call GP.runContextT.
GP.runContextT is used to initialize and provide the context to execute the processors, which you only want to do once at the start of the whole program. Thus, it should probably be in main, together with newWindow, defaultWindowConfig and mkFullState.
A Processor like start can get the current state using the StateT transformer. But first, we must fix the Processor type. Notice the type of runContextT, in particular the forall:
runContextT
    :: (MonadIO m, MonadAsyncException m, ContextHandler ctx)
    => ContextHandlerParameters ctx -> (forall os. ContextT ctx os m a) -> m a

This forall imposes that the type variable os can not occur in m or in a, preventing certain resources from leaking. This is incompatible with the current definition of Processor, since StateT (FullState os) IO contains os. You can probably swap the transformers.
newtype Processor ctx os a = Processor {
    runProcessor :: StateT (FullState os) (GP.ContextT ctx os IO) a
}

Now start can use get to access the current state, and since it is not supposed to handle initialization, it doesn't have the Quit branch anymore (you might no longer want to make start a Processor at this point, but hopefully this is close enough to what you'd actually like to do with other processors):
start :: Processor ctx os (Transition os)
start = Processor $ do
  s <- get
  return $ ToMainMenu s

And main can look like this:
main :: IO ()
main =
    -- Initialize and provide context, i.e, convert the wrapped
    -- do-block of type `ContextT _ _ IO` to `IO`
    GP.runContextT GLFW.defaultHandleConfig $ do

        -- Create a GLFW window
        -- You can probably create more than one
        win <- GP.newWindow (GP.WindowFormatColor GP.RGB8) (GLFW.defaultWindowConfig "Foobar")

        -- Create the initial processor state, handling initialization failures
        s_ <- liftIO $ runExceptT $ mkFullState win "./"
        s0 <- case s_ of
            Left e -> fail e
            Right s0 -> return s0

        -- Run a processor
        (transition, s1) <- (`runStateT` s0) $ runProcessor start

        case transition of
            Quit -> return ()
            ToMainMenu _ -> return ()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Back Pages started off with Tim Kelley coming home from Iowa City, Iowa, back to La Junta. Tim got back together with Charlie Hayden and Patrick Stedman, who have been friends and band mates since they were 13. After a while of writing songs and composing music, they made an EP called, "Shifts" in 2011, and played a handful of shows in support of it. After some time away for family, the band regained momentum in 2015 and wrote a full batch of songs this time around. The resulting album, "A Few More Ways to Live" was recorded, mixed and mastered by The Back Pages over the winter of 2015-16, at BarnHouse Studios, in Rocky Ford, Colorado, and released under BarnHouse Records in April. The Back Pages played a long list of dates in support of, "A Few More Ways to Live" between June and September of 2016, during which time they picked up a long time friend Tyler Trumble on Bass. They then returned to the Studio in the winter with another long time Friend, Luc Richard, to write a follow up effort...To Be Continued.
Charlie and Patrick are both Certified Audio Engineers and graduates of The Conservatory of Recording Arts and Sciences in Gilbert, AZ.


William Maginn, "Gallery of Literary Characters: Doctor Moir" Fraser's Magazine 8 (September 1833) 290.
To return to the portrait. Be it known to all men, that although the Doctor is celebrated far and wide for "stringing blethers upon rhyme," as naturally as Robin Burns himself, yet the world has but the moiety of a notion of a little part of his worth, when it thinks that his poetry comprehends all the merit which entitles him to the praise and good-will of our courteous readers. In fact, if there be any efficacy in local influences, he could not help being Delta — he had no choice in the matter; he was "to the manner born," and has no more reason to be proud of his gift than a beautiful young lady of her beauty.
Certainly he is somewhat indebted to Fate, but with equal innocence; for he was not consulted about the expediency of being born in the burgh aforesaid, and is guiltless of associating in the environs, so many storied and classic talismans. For example, in the walks of Pinkie House his callow muse probably first learnt to chirp — Pinkie, so renowned in minstrelsy and song, and rebuilt in its fame by the Author of Waverley. Then his boyish musings in Eskgrove, where the Protector Somerset pitched his tent in the invasion of Scotland, on the very spot where old Lord Eskgrove set up a leaden image of Flora, obnoxious to schoolboys, by whom she has been pitted with small shot, as naturally as if she had been ill of the small-pox before vaccination was discovered. His adolescence strayed, no doubt, as far as Carberry Hill, and there he had bright visions of the fair, ill-fated Mary. But our limits oblige us to curtail the verse-inspiring catalogue of the circumstances that probably as much contributed to make him a poet, as the Edinburgh University to dub him a doctor.
Although the Doctor is chiefly known afar by his rhymes, and esteemed at home for his household worth, be is also not unknown to many strangers for his reason. Some of his occasional papers (in REGINA, as well as elsewhere) have great merit for the simple perspicuity of the style, and the sedate good sense that pervades them; indeed, we are disposed to value his possession of this quality very highly, for with the most unaffected "to the point" clearness, his dissents are ever expressed in that mild and temperate manner which bespeaks respect for his information and understanding.
His talents are neither confined to rhyme nor reason; he possesses a naive vein of humour of no common kind, as witnesseth Mansie Waugh, which, though to the English a sealed book, is a work very admirably descriptive of a class of persons fast wearing out even in that land of originals, Scotland, as well as of manners that are no longer common.
When part of Mansie Waugh first appeared in Blackwood, it was ascribed to Galt by many of his friends; and indeed his Scottish manner was so evident throughout, that he said himself it was strange he had no recollection of writing such a book — as if he had no doubt of its being his. It is an instance of the vraisemblable equal to any thing in the Rejected Addresses. We hope that he has not worked out this vein. Mansie Waugh himself was becoming somewhat of a bore at last; but are there no other Mansies in the land?
The Doctor is great upon contagion; and not content with fighting, and in a great measure subduing, the foul fiend Cholera (he was secretary to the Edinburgh board during the prevalence of the disorder, and filled the office with high honour to himself), he wrote a book about it. Whether Cholera rejoiced that his enemy had written a book or not, we cannot say; but, at all events, we trust that it will be a long day before he or any of his rascally breed, seed, or generation, shall come to deprive our literature of the multifarious talents of "Delta, triangular bard," as somebody, we forget who, once called him.


text:
Collection Staley Family
Ralph Staley's films date from the late 1910s to the mid 1930s, and show his family in their home town of Bognor Regis.
Staley Family
Ralph Staley
FILM 16mm 9.5mm Standard 8mm Documentation
Ralph Staley was born in Bognor Regis and, with his wife Ellen, who was always known as Nellie, ran a drapers shop on the High Street in Bognor Regis until his retirement and the sale of the business in 1953. The business was first established by his father George Whittle Staley in the 1880s, and it expanded over a number of premises during the early part of the 20th Century.
The majority of Ralph Staley's films date from the late 1910s to the mid 1930s. Many focus on his family life in Bognor Regis, with particular emphasis on the activities of his daughter Pam. Staley also took his camera with him on family outings, recording foreign cruises and a holiday in Wales, as well as picnics in the countryside, boat trips, and outings to Surrey.
The Staley family films represent fairly early examples of home movies. Film-making equipment for 'domestic' only became available to the general public in the early 1920s. Ralph Staley's was keen to experiment with film techniques, trying reverse action and slow motion filming as well as briefly using Dufaycolor, an early form of colour film available in the 1930s. Mr Staley's skill in handing the camera is evident in throughout the films which represent appealing examples of family life in this era.
Staley Family Domestic
This family film focuses on the activities of six year old daughter Pam who plays with a board game and other toys at home, rides a horse on the beach and plays with autumn leaves. She has her first walk to School with her mother, climbs a tree and convalesces after a tonsillectomy.
An edited home movie showing playful scenes of the Staley family at the beach in their home town of Bognor Regis and in their garden in the late 1920s. The film includes some camera effects using slow and reverse motion.
Scenes taken during trips between Portsmouth and Southampton; Summer 1929
Film of the Staley family on an outing on the South coast. Nellie Staley and her five year old daughter Pam board a ship at Portsmouth Harbour, and sail to the Isle of Wight. They are also seen boarding the Mauritania at Southampton, travelling to Cowes and returning to Portsmouth.
[A Winter Cruise; SS Avoceta 3500 tons]
A detailed film by Ralph Staley of a cruise with his wife Nellie aboard the SS Avoceta; sailing from Liverpool and visiting Portugal, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Mrs Staley is filmed amongst other passengers and crew on deck. They take in the main tourist sights at all the stop off points and film some of the local people and customs they encounter. This film has intertitles throughout.
[Goodwood Hunt]
Film of the Staley family at home and on outings, including attending a hunt meet at Goodwood. The film begins with scenes of the family on the beach at Bognor and on the Esplanade. At the hunt meet servants bring out trays of 'stirrup cups' for the huntsman, and the hunt sets off. Mrs Staley and daughter Pam are also seen with horses at the stables.
A film of the Staley Family enjoying the Summer in the garden and at the beach in their home town of Bognor Regis. Ralph and Nellie, are seen playing with their daughter Pam at the local public gardens, at the beach and at home with the family.
Days at Itchenor with the Kingfisher
Scenes of the Staley family sailing in the Chichester Harbour waters around Itchenor relaxing and having afternoon tea aboard the sailing boat Kingfisher among others, diving into and swimming in the water, and playing on the sands in the harbour. Several shots include reverse filming techniques of Ralph and Dr Robert appearing to dive into the water and back out, and playing leapfrog in reverse.
Picnics & Pam 1932
A film of the Staley family on various outings. The family group pick flowers in the countryside and have a tea and a picnic. At home, daughter Pam Staley (aged 8) eats at the table with her parents, plays piano and brushes her hair. On other outings, the family go sailing, have a walk and a picnic in the country and go swimming in the sea.
Frensham August 1933
Amateur film-maker, Ralph Staley's film of the family at At New Lodge, Frensham Hill, (now part of Frensham Heights School) in Surrey in the Summer of 1933. Nellie Staley, Ralph Staley, their nine year old daughter Pam, and other family members play tennis in swimsuits on the grass courts, sit in the sun, and play on the lawns.
Film of the Staley family on holiday in Snowdonia, Wales. Ralph Staley films workings on a sheep farm and his family on the seafront, where ten year old Pam practices driving on the beach. They walk up mount Snowdon and take picnics in the countryside. A final section, in Dufaycolor, shows the family at Lake Bala [?] taking walks and stopping for tea.
The Den School (Sudley Cottage)
Film by Ralph Staley of activities at his daughter Pam's girls school in Bognor. Girls perform a "health and fitness" style exercise display and show their gymnastic skills at jumping over a vaulting horse. A group of Girl Guides perform a ceremony and are awarded badges; they pose for a photo and play a whispering game. The girls then hold a costumed performance for the parents.
Boat Trip; MS Stella Polaris
Film by Ralph Staley of a cruise with his wife Nellie aboard the Norwegian liner MS Stella Polaris. They stop at the port of Stockholm, and Copenhagen amongst other destinations. On board, deck coits and other games are played, passengers relax on deck, and Nellie is seen washing in their cabin and looking out to sea from a window. A Finnish boat/plane (OH-ALK) is seen leaving the shoreline adjacent to the ship at one of the stops.
Film of Pam Staley (aged 11) and other children at a farm. A hay stack is built, using a conveyor/elevator to load the hay onto the cart. Pam rides the horse that powers the elevator mechanism and helps load the hay onto the elevator. Pam plays with kittens and, with another boy, stands and waves to the camera from an orchard outside the farm house.
Film of a Jubilee parade in Bognor Regis in honour of George V, shot by Ralph Staley from a window above his drapers shop in the High Street. The film shows bunting decorating the street and the Jubilee procession including a marching band and floats. Couples dance in the street to a live band. The film ends with a shot of his daughter Pam in their garden, playing with a cat.
[Portrait of a little boy]
A well constructed and charming portrait of a young boy (John Staley) playing in the family garden, filmed by members of the Staley Family. John's parents are Dr Robert Staley and Sylvia Staley.


The landscape design mirrors the existing beautification along interstates 75 and 285. Enhancements will provide attractive flowers, blooming bushes, and colorful trees at four quadrants along I-285 at Cobb Parkway.
The Cumberland CID is in the process of beautifying the district by installing decorative streetlights and mastarms, as well as pedestrian light poles with banners.
There are currently 54 wayfinding signs installed with plans to add an additional 17.


A Sporting Chance | Ayyyy!
Every now and again Twitter redeems itself and shakes off the tedious uplifting quote bots, SEO gurus, and other such riff-raff and presents to my jaded eyen something pure gold.
So this is how the 1% are staying ahead of the pitchforked mobs nowadays. Skijoring with a $270,000 car instead of a husky.


Reading tests at school: Why are girls better than boys?
Itech post (20.01.2017): It has been the belief that girls are better than boys when it comes to reading. However, a new study questions this notion. With reading tests at school, the question is why are girls better than boys?
Les saken i Itech Post.


text:
What Business Can Learn from Organized Crime: Harvard
By Ed Scarpo Wednesday, October 19, 2011
Fascinating piece here, though no mention of American Cosa Nostra included. So, broaden your horizons a little; Google some new words, like Superzonda and ShadowCrew; learn how you could try to earn $2 trillion -- in a year; and keep up to date about the latest email scams...
From the Harvard Business Review:
"When 10 men attacked the Taj Mahal Palace hotel in Mumbai, in November 2008, they executed one of the best-orchestrated, most technologically advanced terrorist strikes in history.
"Before the assault they had used Google Earth to explore 3-D models of the target and determine optimal entry and exit routes, defensive positions, and security posts. During the melee they used BlackBerrys, satellite phones, and GSM handsets to coordinate with their Pakistan-based command center, which monitored broadcast news and the internet to provide real-time information and tactical direction. When a bystander tweeted a photo of commandos rappelling from a helicopter onto the roof of one of the buildings, the center alerted the attackers, who set up an ambush in a stairwell.
"It took three days for authorities to kill nine of the terrorists and arrest the tenth; his confession provided details of the operation, which had resulted in 163 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
"Atrocities like this one are an extreme example, but the fact remains that technology is increasingly put to nefarious uses. Consumers and businesses must deal with the results, from small-bore, almost laughable "I'm stranded in England please send money" e-mail scams to large-scale appropriations of credit card data. During the 25 years I've spent in law enforcement—as a police officer, a counterterrorism consultant, and, for the past decade, a cyberrisk and intelligence specialist—the most striking trend I've seen is the growing sophistication of global crime syndicates and terrorists (the former are now believed to bring in $2 trillion a year).
"Some of this isn't new: Colombian drug cartels, for instance, have been technologically advanced since the days of Miami Vice. But more-recent international crime groups, including the Russian Business Network, South America's Superzonda, and the worldwide ShadowCrew, have become especially adept at expropriating legitimate business tactics to create highly efficient global teams and set new best practices in adaptive strategy, supply chain management, the use of incentives, global collaboration, and other disciplines. Here are five lessons companies can learn from the activities of such groups...."
Read more, but full article is PPV: What Business Can Learn from Organized Crime - Harvard Business Review
Anonymous Oct 20, 2011, 8:46:00 AM
The more mob books I read and the more I learn of the deep mechanization's they employed, I am convinced that a lot of businesses are the functional equivalent of organized crime enterprises.
Ed Scarpo Oct 20, 2011, 9:13:00 PM
Anonymous, read this article, you'll have to cut and paste the link -- I think you'll get a kick out of it:http://cosa-nostra-news.blogspot.com/2011/05/mafialifeblogcom-blog-archive-mafia.html
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text:
Combating Transnational Organized Crime: Is the Department of Defense Doing Enough?
CDR David E. Smith, Lt Col Michael T. Clancy and MAJ Stephen J. Peters
The Threat of Transnational Organized Crime
For over 20 years, the National Security Strategy (NSS) has identified the risk of transnational threats to the nation's security. In 2011, President Obama signed the Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime. Despite this clear emphasis and sufficient authority, the DOD has not acted to its greatest potential and must do more to fulfill its responsibility in the nation's efforts to combat transnational organized crime (TOC).
The expansive economic, transportation, and information networks that define today's world provide greater opportunities for criminal actors to move illicit commodities, illegally generate revenue, and globally project their influence. Although neither the United Nations nor U.S. statute formally defines TOC, U.S. strategy describes it as follows:
[T]hose self-perpetuating associations of individuals who operate transnationally for the purpose of obtaining power, influence, monetary and/or commercial gains, wholly or in part by illegal means, while protecting their activities through a pattern of corruption and/or violence, or while protecting their illegal activities through a transnational organizational structure and the exploitation of transnational commerce or communication mechanisms.[1]
The President's Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime identifies the following threats posed by TOC networks: 1) the penetration of state institutions, resulting in corruption and a threat to governance; [2] 2) threats to the economy, U.S. competitiveness, and strategic markets; [3] 3) the crime-terror-insurgency nexus; 4) expansion of drug trafficking; 5) human smuggling; 6) trafficking in persons (transporting people against their will); 7) weapons trafficking; 8) intellectual property theft; and 9) cybercrime.[4]
In 2011, the DOD published the Counternarcotics & Global Threats Strategy. Although this document specifies a comprehensive set of goals and objectives associated with combating TOC, it stops short of providing the details by which the department will achieve its desired end state. The DOD essentially defers identification of specific actions and activities to subordinate headquarters: "The Geographic Combatant Commands, National Guard Bureau, and Defense Agencies will generate specific functional and regional sub-strategies, or integrate their planned counternarcotics and global threats activities into the Combatant Command Theater Campaign Plans."[5] One might argue that a strategy need not include detailed implementation specifics; however, with no single organization synchronizing the DOD's counter-TOC efforts, delegating actions to separate subordinate headquarters fails to provide a coordinated solution to defeat this global threat.
The DOD's two 2012 strategic documents, Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense and Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020, do not build on the DOD's 2011 counter-TOC strategy. The former makes no reference to TOC and the latter simply acknowledges it as a characteristic of the strategic environment. This inconsistency may suggest a DOD failure to fully embrace its counter-TOC responsibilities. At a minimum, the DOD strategy falls short of providing the direction necessary to effectively contribute to combating TOC.
There are no authorities specifically designed for combating TOC by name; however, there is overlap between counter-TOC and other mission areas (e.g., Counterterrorism (CT), Counternarcotics (CN), Cyber). These existing authorities can be applied to combat TOC, and several permit the DOD to leverage its unique capabilities and contribute in a meaningful way to this mission.
Title 10 designates the DOD as the "single lead agency for the detection and monitoring of aerial and maritime transit of illegal drugs into the United States." [6] Although its actions must be in support of Federal, State, local or foreign law enforcement agencies, this law specifically directs DOD action. Title 10 also authorizes the DOD to "intercept aircraft or vessels outside the territorial limits of the United States."[7] Considering the most significant sources of major organized crime exist outside the U.S., [8] this powerful authority enables capitalization of the DOD's global reach.
The FY 2004 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) (reauthorized by FY 2013 NDAA) [9] authorizes Joint Task Force Commanders who provide support to law enforcement agencies conducting CN activities to also provide support for CT activities. [10] The FY 2005 NDAA (reauthorized by the FY 2013 NDAA)[11] authorizes the DOD to use funds to support the Government of Colombia's CN and CT campaign. [12] The nexus between terrorism (or narcotics) and other criminal activities provides ample opportunity for the DOD to combat TOC under these authorities.
Title 10 authorizes the DOD to share equipment and/or facilities with, and provide certain training to, law enforcement agencies; however, the military is prohibited from participating in law enforcement actions. Title 32 permits state governors with a SECDEF-approved CN plan to receive DOD funding to employ its National Guard for CN activities.[13] Title 10 further directs the DOD to "provide information obtained in the course of normal training or operations that may be relevant to a violation of any Federal or State law within the jurisdiction."[14] With its global presence and comparatively robust resources, these authorities enable the DOD to be a significant contributor in combating TOC.
The aforementioned CN and CT authorities provide meaningful space for the DOD to operate in support of counter-TOC activities. Perhaps these authorities should be broadened to include transnational organized crime in general, but doing so is not essential for effective DOD contribution to counter-TOC. In any event, the DOD could operate more aggressively to combat TOC within existing authorities.
In 1989, in support of its statutory role as the single lead agency for detection and monitoring of aerial and maritime transit of illegal drugs into the U.S., the DOD established joint task forces to coordinate CN support for law enforcement. The 1994 National Interdiction Command and Control Plan (NICCP) designated three of these joint task forces as joint interagency task forces (JIATFs).[15] Two of these JIATFs remain today – JIATF South (subordinate to USSOUTHCOM) and JIATF West (subordinate to USPACOM).
The NICCP provides an "overarching operational architecture for organizations involved in interdicting illicit drugs…"[16] The Office of National Drug Control Policy's U.S. Interdiction Coordinator, with the advice of The Interdiction Committee (TIC), develops the NICCP for the President. [17] TIC principal membership includes the following DOD representatives: Director of Strategic Plans and Policy, Joint Staff; Director, JIATF South; Director, JIATF West; and Commander, Joint Task Force North (subordinate to USNORTHCOM).
Although subordinate to geographic combatant commands (GCCs), JIATF and JTF-North CN funding comes from the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Counternarcotics and Global Threats (DASD CN&GT), which is aligned under the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict.[18] With DASD CN&GT responsible for both strategy and funding, synchronization of priorities and resources is possible.
The preceding demonstrates the DOD has indeed responded to its counter-TOC responsibilities vis-à-vis its contribution to the nation's CN effort. Notably, JIATF West and JIATF South have evolved into effective interagency organizations enhancing the national interdiction mission. In fact, a study conducted by Munsing and Lamb for the Institute for National Strategic Studies described JIATF South as the "gold standard for interagency cooperation and intelligence fusion…"[19]
For over two decades, our Presidents have consistently and appropriately identified the national security risks posed by TOC. In 2011, President Obama signed the Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime, emphasizing the importance of defeating this threat. Also signed in 2011, the DOD's first TOC-related strategy, the Counternarcotics & Global Threats Strategy, articulates national objectives; however, it defers identification of specific actions and activities to subordinate headquarters. Additionally, the DOD failed to reinforce the importance of the TOC threat in its 2012 defense strategic documents, Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense and Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020.
The two JIATFs represent a substantial and effective DOD investment in combating TOC; however, with no coordinating operational headquarters, any successful collaboration outside of these units is likely the result of individual initiative or know-how rather than the result of sound organizational design. Given the global pervasiveness of TOC networks, one could question whether two geographically aligned JIATFs provide the best solution the DOD can offer. Other critical missions, such as CT, CP, and Cyber, realize unity of command through ownership by a single functional combatant command (e.g., USSOCOM, USSTRATCOM) vice parsing a global mission across multiple GCCs. Absent a more detailed strategy, a unified or sub-unified command may be the best way to improve the DOD's efficacy in combating TOC.
The military is not the lead for law enforcement, and this should not change. Nevertheless, it must effectively contribute to combating TOC as directed by the President and permitted by law. Highly capable, well resourced, and with immense global reach, the DOD could, and should, do more. Skeptics may argue that legal obstacles hinder the DOD's use of its significant military capability; however, ample authorities indeed exist within current law to allow for robust DOD contribution to the nation's counter-TOC enterprise. Broadened language could expand counter-TOC authorities beyond the confines of narrowly defined criminal categories; however, the DOD need not, and should not, wait for "ideal authorities" to fully commit to the counter-TOC fight. Instead, it must tenaciously operate now within existing authorities to decisively combat TOC and keep the nation secure.
The DOD is not combating transnational organized crime to its greatest potential. To do so, it should provide direct and unambiguous strategy, aggressively leverage existing authorities, and organize to most effectively support the national enterprise. Because TOC poses a significant threat to the security of the United States, the DOD owes the nation its best.
[1] Executive Office of the President of the United States: National Security Staff, Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime, (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, July 2011): i. http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/2011-strategy-combat-transnational-organized-crime.pdf
[2] A 2004 study by the World Bank Institute estimates $1 trillion (1.7% of the global GDP) is spent each year to bribe public officials. "The Cost of Corruption," The World Bank, (accessed March 6, 2013). http://go.worldbank.org/LJA29GHA80
[3] Proceeds related to transnational organized crime in 2009 alone amounted to approximately US $870 billion (1.5% of the global GDP). Thomas Pietschmann and John Walker, Estimating illicit financial flows resulting from drug trafficking and other transnational organized crimes. (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, October 2011) : 7 http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Studies/Illicit_financial_flows_2011_web.pdf
[5] Department of Defense: Office of the Deputy Secretary of Defense for Counternarcotics & Global Threats, Department of Defense Counternarcotics & Global Threats Strategy, (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, April 2011): 17. https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=721746
[6] "Detection and Monitoring of Aerial and Maritime Transit of Illegal Drugs: Department of Defense to be lead agency," Title 10 U.S. Code: Section 124. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title10/pdf/USCODE-2010-title10-subtitleA-partI-chap3-sec124.pdf
[8] Louise Shelley, "Identifying, Counting and Categorizing Transnational Criminal Organization," Transnational Organized Crime, Volume: 5, Issue: 1, (Spring 1999). https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=196838
[9] "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2013," United States Statutes at Large. Bill 112 H.R. 4310: Section 1011. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr4310enr/pdf/BILLS-112hr4310enr.pdf
[10] "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2004," United States Statutes at Large, 117 Stat. 1392: Section 1021, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-108publ136/pdf/PLAW-108publ136.pdf
[11] "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2013:" Section 1010. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr4310enr/pdf/BILLS-112hr4310enr.pdf
[12] "Ronald Reagan National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2005," United States Statutes at Large, 118 Stat. 1811: Section 1022(b). http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-108publ375/pdf/PLAW-108publ375.pdf
[13] "Drug interdiction and counter-drug activities," Title 32 U.S. Code: Section 112. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title32/pdf/USCODE-2011-title32-chap1-sec112.pdf
[14] "Use of Information collected during Military Operations," Title 10 U.S. Code: Sec 371. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title10/pdf/USCODE-2010-title10-subtitleA-partI-chap18.pdf
[15] Evan Munsing and Christopher Lamb, "Joint Interagency Task Force-South: The Best Known, Least Understood Interagency Success," Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 5, ed. Phillip C. Saunders (Defense University Press,Washington DC, June 2011): 1. http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/Strat%20Perspectives%205%20_%20Lamb-Munsing.pdf
[16] Executive Office of the President of the United States: Office of National Drug Control Policy, National Interdiction Command and Control Plan, (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, August 2005): 2.
[17] "Drug Interdiction Coordinator and Committee," Title 21 U.S. Code: Section 1710. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2008-title21/pdf/USCODE-2008-title21-chap22-sec1710.pdf
[18] U.S. Senate: Committee on the Armed Services, DoD Plans and Programs relating to Counteterrorism, Counternarcotics, and Building Partnership Capacity Hearing, S. Hrg. 112-182, (April 12, 2011): 26. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg71959/pdf/CHRG-112shrg71959.pdf
[19] Munsing and Lamb, "Joint Interagency Task Force-South: The Best Known, Least Understood Interagency Success:" 2.
Categories: El Centro - transnational criminal organization
Major Stephen J. Peters, USA. MAJ Peters is currently serving as a J-2 Planner for Joint Interagency Task Force West at Camp H.M. Smith, HI. Prior to his current assignment, MAJ Peters served as a Battalion XO, S-3, and Task Force Commander with 1st Military Intelligence Battalion (Aerial Exploitation) in Wiesbaden, Germany.
Michael T. Clancy
Lieutenant Colonel Michael T. Clancy, USAF. Lt Col Clancy is currently serving as a Nuclear Surety Staff Officer for United States European Command, Stuttgart, Germany. Prior to his current assignment, Lt Col Clancy served as the Commander for the 39th Maintenance Squadron, Incirlik Air Base, Turkey.
David E. Smith
Commander David E. Smith, USN. CDR Smith is currently serving on the faculty at the Joint Forces Staff College as an instructor in the Joint and Combined Warfighting School. Prior to his current assignment, he served as the Submarine Operations Officer for Commander Carrier Strike Group TWELVE.


text:
Wondermondo 🢖 World 🢖 Wonders of Europe 🢖 Wonders of Lithuania
Wonders of Lithuania
Old Town. / Sami C, Flickr / CC BY 2.0
The most interesting wonders of Lithuania are connected to human activities. In past Lithuania was one of the largest and most influential European countries and some landmarks still are a testimony for this. The most interesting landmarks of Lithuania are concentrated in its largest and most beautiful cities – Vilnius and Kaunas. Especially fine are the diverse churches.
Map with the described wonders
Top 25 wonders of Lithuania
Archaeological wonders
Rambynas
Taurage
The last pagan shrine of Balts, site of Skalvian fort. Pagan altar stood here until the 19th century. Site of legends.
Architecture wonders
Trakai Island Castle
The most impressive and best preserved medieval castle in Lithuania. Present structure was constructed in the 14th century and completed by 1409. It was reconstructed and partly rebuilt in the 20th century and now is one of the major tourist sites in the country.
Pilgrimage site where pilgrims since the 19th century leave wooden crosses. Now this small hill is covered with some 100,000 crosses. Site serves as a symbol of resistance because during the times of Soviet occupation there were attempts to remove it.
Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit in Vilnius
One of major Baroque styled churches in Vilnius. Constructed in 1408 – 1760, numerous times expanding and reshaping it. Beautiful interior in Rococo style. Under the church are catacombs – numerous smaller crypts where are located some 600 corpses buried here in the 18th – 19th centuries.
Church of St. Anne in Vilnius
Unusual, beautiful example of Brick Gothic that follows the style of Flamboyant Gothic style. Especially beautiful is the ornate façade of the church. Built in 1495 – 1500.
St. Johns Church in Vilnius
Large and very ornate church in Baroque style, built in 1388 – 1426 and reshaped in current style in 1738 – 1748. Long term traditional church of intellectuals, university church. The 69 m tall tower is the tallest structure in the Old City.
House of Perkūnas
Residential building in Gothic style, an outstanding example of Brick Gothic architecture with ornate façade. Built in the middle of the 15th century.
Aušros Vartai (Gate of Dawn)
The only remaining city gate in Vilnius, built in 1503 – 1522. Gate has religious importance as it contains artifact that had to guard the city from attacks – icon of The Blessed Virgin Mary with miraculous properties attributed to it.
Vilnius Cathedral
The main religious building in Lithuania. Although the religious buildings here have existed for a long time, the current Neo-Classical structure was built in 1779 – 1783. Inside the cathedral have been buried numerous important people including Vytautas. Cathedral contains major art values – frescoes, paintings, in one underground chapel found a fresco from the 14th century – the oldest one in Lithuania. Most likely it was built on the site of a pagan temple. In front of the cathedral stands a bell tower that was built over a defensive tower of the castle.
Pažaislis Monastery
The most beautiful example of Italian Baroque style in Lithuania. Founded in 1662, different structures were built until 1755. In the planning and construction were used numerous innovations, such as hexagonal planning for the church, concave façade. Church has beautiful interior.
Vilnius Upper Castle (Gediminas Hill)
Remaining part of the extensive Vilnius Castle Complex (Lower Castle is newly rebuilt). Best known part of the castle is Gediminas Tower on the top of 40 m tall hill above the city. Beautiful views on the city from the tower.
Church of St. Peter and St. Paul in Vilnius
Beautiful Baroque church with outstanding interior, adorned with some 2000 statues. Built in 1668 – 1701.
Vilnius Old City
Extensive historical quarters of once important city – the center of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 13th – 18th centuries. Numerous impressive buildings in Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque style. One of the largest medieval old cities in Europe.
Vytautas' the Great Church in Kaunas
Large church in Brick Gothic style, built in 1400.
Vilnius University Library
One of the oldest and largest academic libraries in Europe, founded in 1570. Holds 5.4 million documents, shelves are 166 km long. Structure includes several beautiful reading halls that are adorned with frescoes.
Church of St. Casimir in Vilnius
Oldest Baroque church in Vilnius, built in 1604-1618. Church has a beautiful lantern.
Cathedral of the Theotokos in Vilnius
The oldest brick church in Lithuania, an Orthodox church that was built in 1348, in the times when Lithuania was still a pagan state. Rebuilt in 1609 and reshaped in Baroque style in 1785 and then again in 1865-1868, now in Georgian Orthodox style.
Church of St. Gertrude in Kaunas
Well preserved example of Brick Gothic style, most likely built in the 15th century.
Kaunas Town Hall
Beautiful historical building in Baroque style, with a 53 m tall tower. Its construction starting in 1542, in present Baroque form it was reshaped in in 1771 – 1775.
Radziwiłł Palace in Vilnius
The only Renaissance palace in Vilnius, built in 1635 – 1653. Currently part of this large building serves as a museum.
Vilnius Kenesa
One of the last Karaite synagogues, an ornate building with onion dome. Built in 1911 – 1923.
Trakai Kenesa
One of the few surviving Karaite synagogues in the world, a wooden structure built in the 18th century.
Nagliai villages
Several villages of Curonian people (now nearly extinct) buried under the sand dunes and thus – well preserved. Four villages were covered with the sand in 1675 – 1854.
Zervynas
Well preserved traditional village with planning unchanged since the 18th century. Located in isolated place in the middle of forest.
Experiencing Lithuania
This guide takes a different approach than other more traditional travel guides about Lithuania. Instead of simply aggregating information about the country and its tourist attractions, the author delves deeper into describing the country and its people, particularly those aspects about Lithuania and Lithuanians that strike him as unique and interesting.
DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania
Make your trip to the Baltic States an unforgettable cultural experience with our DK Eyewitness Travel Guide to Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. From top restaurants, bars, and clubs to stand-out scenic sites and walks, our insider tips are sure to make your trip outstanding. Whether you're looking for unique and interesting shops and markets, or seeking the best venues for music and nightlife, we have entertainment and hotel recommendations for every budget covered in our Eyewitness Travel Guide.
Tagged Areas


text:
Definition : University of Pennsylvania
Category : Academic & Science » Universities & Institutions
Country/Region : United States
What does UPenn mean?
University of Pennsylvania (UPenn or Penn) is a private, research university located in Philadelphia, United States.
Suggest new UPenn Full Form
What is the full form of UPenn?
The full form of UPenn is University of Pennsylvania
What is the full form of UPenn in Academic & Science?
What is the full form of UPenn in the United States?
Find translations of University of Pennsylvania
BPC : Brewton–Parker College
WLS : Whittier Law School
BCS : Berean Christian School
UPHC
UPSSSC
URDIP
USB PD
USB-IF
USBT
"UPenn". FullForms. FullForms.com, 2023. Web. 27 Jan. 2023
<https://fullforms.com/UPenn>.
FullForms.com, FullForms, 2023. "UPenn" Accessed January 27, 2023.
https://fullforms.com/UPenn
UPenn. (n.d.). In FullForms. Retrieved from https://fullforms.com/UPenn
UPenn. 2023. FullForms. Retrieved 27 January, 2023, from https://fullforms.com/UPenn


When you're in a (in-real-life) place, you expect to grab everything from one corner of the location.
When someone says location, you mentally replace it with room.
You had no interest in caving, but now you do.
You have won three IFCs in a row.
You had interests in caving, but now you don't.
Add some more, let's see if we can get 500!
When asking someone to look as somthing, you say "x that!" instead of "look at that!".
When looking around an unfamiliar location, you look at every object around one at a time while mentally coming up with a description for each one.
When asking someone to look at something, you say "person, x that!" and hope persuasion succeeds!
Periodically you exclaim "XYZZY!" to yourself in hopes of something unexpected but amusing happening.
You know exactly how every appliance in your bathroom functions, down to the smallest component.
Whenever you get home, you dump everything in your possession in your "trophy room" and announce "score", in hopes of determining whether any of the innocuous objects you acquired that day was secretly a TREASURE that increased your rating.
Whenever you see a nightstand at an antique store, you boggle at how the carpenter managed to implement its being a supporter and a container /simultaneously/.
If you fail on your first attempt at a task, you never try it again until you've since acquired some tool that you think may help you in your effort.
You don't know what to expect when your player's time in this cosmic quest is up, but you hope the afterlife includes a list of AMUSING things to try the next time around.
You find traversing an urban landscape supremely frustrating, with so many unuseful, "filler", sites spacing out the locations where your puzzles are solved and your plot conditions advance.
You never eat any articles of food that come into your possession until it becomes plainly obvious that there's no other potential application for them.
First thing when you get up in the morning, you check under the bed.
You can't resist giving phone booths a little shove when you pass them.
You baffle your friends and family by insisting on referring to all physical objects in the world around you as "feelies" and praising their true-to-life qualities.
Instead of telling people about experiences you've had, you insist they accompany you to the places the events happened and tell them you're giving them a "walkthrough".
UnwashedMass, these are all so awesome… thanks for starting this, TImewalker.
Every other second, you take inventory of your possessions.


text:
import pagesModule = require("ui/page");
import stackLayoutModule = require("ui/layouts/stack-layout");
import buttonModule = require("ui/button");
import labelModule = require("ui/label");
import enums = require("ui/enums");

export function createPage() {
    var mainStackLayout = new stackLayoutModule.StackLayout();
    mainStackLayout.orientation = enums.Orientation.vertical;

    var label = new labelModule.Label();
    mainStackLayout.addChild(label);
    if (label.ios) {// Hack for an iOS Arrange problem
        label.height = 80;
    }

    var timer = require("timer");
    var startButton = new buttonModule.Button();
    startButton.text = "Start timer";
    var intervalId;
    startButton.addEventListener(buttonModule.Button.tapEvent, function () {
        intervalId = timer.setInterval(intervalCallback, 100);
    });

    var stopButton = new buttonModule.Button();
    stopButton.text = "Stop timer";
    stopButton.addEventListener(buttonModule.Button.tapEvent, function () {
        timer.clearInterval(intervalId);
    });

    mainStackLayout.addChild(startButton);
    mainStackLayout.addChild(stopButton);

    var shouldAdd = true;
    var button;

    var intervalCallback = function () {
        if (shouldAdd) {
            button = new buttonModule.Button();
            button.text = "test";
            mainStackLayout.addChild(button);
            shouldAdd = false;
        } else {
            mainStackLayout.removeChild(button);
            shouldAdd = true;
        }
    };

    var page = new pagesModule.Page();
    page.content = mainStackLayout;
    return page;
}
//export var Page = page;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The floral headdresses sold at Renaissance Faires tend to be well-made and will last, making for a nice costume piece, or just something pretty for the flower girl to have in her room long after the wedding.
The Swim Outlet: The Swim Outlet is a fantastic resource because they not only offer swimsuits for children and adults, but they also sell a virtual cornucopia of well-made, wallet friendly toys.
When it comes to dressing for the office, it's important to amass a selection of well-made items that promise to stand the test of time, hold your essentials with ease and keep you comfortable.
Replica Louis Vuitton Handbags plague the fashion industry to a point that, currently, the majority of Vuitton totes, messengers, and satchels you see carried on the street are well-made fakes.
While you may not get the highest quality pieces with the most embellishments when you bargain-hunt for corsets, you will want to make sure that you've got a reasonably well-made piece.
Wild Roses are such rapid growers, even when not greatly encouraged, that they should not be allowed in well-made beds, like those for Rhododendrons, as they soon exterminate other things.
Some of these satin pieces are so well-made and slinky that you might think they're actually silk, so if you can be satisfied with the feel of satin, you have many more shopping options.
These well-made pants feel like they are barely there, are cut close to the body for a snug fit that allows you to see your body and muscles to ensure correct placement of postures.
Within these parameters, you can still find plenty of well-made options that will last many years, particularly if you are diligent about keeping the rug clean and well maintained.


Here's the new Faunts video of Feel.Love.Thinking.Of. (If it won't play, click here instead.) It's the title track of their new album. The local indie rockers are Sonic 102.9 FM's band of the month for April. Next gig: Thursday, April 30 at The Pawn Shop.


This entry was posted on Saturday, October 27th, 2018 at 9:00 am	and is filed under Medical Muzzle. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.