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Oh Good: Google's Artificial Intelligence Is Getting 'Greedy' and 'Aggressive'
This Liberal Carried an American Flag to Protest Fascism in Portland. Antifa Cracked His Head Open With a Bat.
Remember the Promise of Net Neutrality? It Was a Power Grab by Tech Giants Who Now Decide What You Get to See… or Not
War Abroad, War at Home
Russia Hysteria Undercuts Our Values, Impedes Relations
The aggression, they determined, was the result of higher levels of complexity in the AI agents themselves. When they tested the game on less intelligent AI agents, they found that the laser beams were left unused and equal amounts of apples were gathered. The simpler AIs seemed to naturally gravitate toward peaceful coexistence.
Controlling the Herd
The Anti-Media | The Anti-Media
by Jake Anderson
Will artificial intelligence get more aggressive and selfish the more intelligent it becomes? A new report out of Google's DeepMind AI division suggests this is possible based on the outcome of millions of video game sessions it monitored. The results of the two games indicate that as artificial intelligence becomes more complex, it is more likely to take extreme measures to ensure victory, including sabotage and greed.
The first game, Gathering, is a simple one that involves gathering digital fruit. Two DeepMind AI agents were pitted against each other after being trained in the ways of deep reinforcement learning. After 40 million turns, the researchers began to notice something curious. Everything was ok as long as there were enough apples, but when scarcity set in, the agents used their laser beams to knock each other out and seize all the apples.
Watch the video battle below, showcasing two AI bots fighting over green apples:
#Deepmind getting aggressive on gathering #apples https://t.co/zTAtIyC1a8
— Dr. Doobs (@DoctorDoobs) February 14, 2017
Researchers believe the more advanced AI agents learn from their environment and figure out how to use available resources to manipulate their situation — and they do it aggressively if they need to.
"This model … shows that some aspects of human-like behaviour emerge as a product of the environment and learning," a DeepMind team member, Joel Z Leibo, told Wired.
"Less aggressive policies emerge from learning in relatively abundant environments with less possibility for costly action. The greed motivation reflects the temptation to take out a rival and collect all the apples oneself."
The second game, Wolfpack, tested the AI agents' ability to work together to catch prey. The agents played the game as wolves who were being tested to see if they would join forces as strategic predators; if they jointly protected the prey from scavengers they would enjoy a greater reward. Researchers once again concluded that the agents were learning from their environment and figuring out how they could collaboratively win. For example, one agent would corner the prey and then wait for the other to join.
Researchers believe both games show an ability in artificial intelligence entities to learn quickly from their environments in achieving objectives. The first game, however, presented an added bit of abstract speculation.
If more complex iterations of artificial intelligence necessarily develop aggressive, greedy 'impulses,' does this present a problem for a species already mired in its own avarice? While the abstract presented by DeepMind does not venture to speculate on the future of advanced artificial minds, there is at least anecdotal evidence here to suggest AI will not necessarily be a totally logical egalitarian network. With complex environments and willful agents, perhaps aggression and self-preservation arise naturally…even in machines.
Contributed by The Anti-Media of theantimedia.org.
The "Anti" in our name does not mean we are against the media, we are simply against the current mainstream paradigm. The current media, influenced by the industrial complex, is a top-down authoritarian system of distribution—the opposite of what Anti-Media aims to be. At Anti-Media, we want to offer a new paradigm—a bottom-up approach for real and diverse reporting. We seek to establish a space where the people are the journalists and a venue where independent journalism moves forward on a larger and more truthful scale.
Related Topics:AI, coexistence, deep mind, google, peace, robots, singularity, Violence
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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To most people, the sky is the limit. To those who love aviation, the sky is home. After more than 13 years of flying, Blue Air continues to go from strength to strength thanks to a great team of professionals.
Due to the dynamic expansion of our company (from 34 employees and one aircraft in 2004 to more than 1444 employees and 28 aircrafts in January 2018), we are looking for passionate aviation enthusiasts to join our ambitious team.
We also believe in promoting from within, therefore we are constantly striving to improve our talented and internal pipeline for the flight deck jobs. And it is our goal to gain competent and committed employees. Our customer is the heart of our business, so we forge paths and follow their needs from on-ground troops to inflight crews.
For our personnel selection we use high-quality instruments and procedures that enable objective evaluations. In this way we create a cooperative application situation, from which both the company and the applicant can equally profit.
BLUE AIR IS THE BIGGEST ROMANIAN AIRLINE
We are proud to present to you our operational figures for the first six months of 2016, a milestone year for Blue Air's development. The airline has had an excellent start of 2016, having become a full member of IATA (International Air Transport Association), shortly after receiving the IOSA (IATA Operational Safety Audit) certification for the highest safety standards.
This May, Blue Air received the award for being the best low-cost airline in Romania during TopHotels Awards 2016 ceremony, and event part of Hotel Tourism & Leisure Investment Conference. Moreover, the airline was awarded recently by Hermes Airports, the operator of Larnaca and Paphos airports, for highest traffic percentage growth in 2015 at Larnaca Airport.
Gheorghe Racaru, Blue Air CEO, said: "We have grown together and we are now the largest Romanian airline. We would like to extend our most sincere appreciation to both Blue Air's passengers and our partners for supporting our operations in all these past years. We have developed our company in every single aspect in 2016, starting with our aircraft fleet, which now consists of 25 units. In addition, we have inaugurated a total of 25 new routes, and we have diversified our services, offering our passengers the highest level of standards in terms of comfort, quality as well as safety, at the most affordable prices."
Total Blue Air Passengers
Blue Air posted a record high of 1,424,858 passengers in the first six months of 2016, representing a massive 147% growth when compared to the corresponding period of 2014. This significant increase was mainly due to the launch of 25 new routes this year, added from our operational bases in Bucharest, Bacau, Cluj-Napoca*, Iasi, Larnaca and Turin.
Total Blue Air Routes
The arrival of the summer aviation season (that started on 27 March) has set the tone for Blue Air's massive expansion as the airline witnessed the introduction of 25 new routes in the March-June timeframe. Therefore, the airline now operates a total of 70 airport pairs (both internationally and domestically), representing an increase of 250% when compared to 2014's operations.
Total Blue Air Flights
Blue Air's development is especially highlighted by the total of flights recorded in the first six months of 2016, taking into consideration that this figure has more than tripled when compared to 2014.
Total Blue Air Aircraft
Currently, Blue Air operates 28 Boeing 737 aircraft series 737-300, 737-400, 737-500, 737-700 and 737-800 with a capacity between 120 and 189 seats.
In the summer of 2017, we announced the firm order of twelve Boeing 737 MAX 8, that will enter the fleet starting with Q2, 2019.
Blue Air's fleet was retrofitted with a more comfortable, better designed seat – Recaro. Passengers can now experience one of the lightest class of seats, designed for relaxation, with reclinable backrests.
All investments in our fleet are aimed at reducing fuel consumption, with the result of lowering emissions.
Total Blue Air Bases
At the beginning of 2018 Blue Air had nine operational bases, namely Bucharest, Bacau, Cluj-Napoca, Constanta, Iasi, Larnaca, Turin and Liverpool.
FOR MORE INFORMATION REGARDING "BLUE AIR " CAREERS OPPORTUNITIES PLEASE VISIT https://www.blueairweb.com/en/gb/careers/
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CELEBRITY NET WORTH BOOM
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Calvin Pace
Calvin Pace Net Worth of 14 Million Dollars
Calvin Pace is an American professional football player with a net worth of fourteen million. Born in Detroit, in 1980, Michigan, Calvin Pace had college football at Wake Forest Faculty in Virginia. He earned second team All Atlantic Coast Conference honors two times during the college career of his. By the precious time he turned pro, Pace had 189 tackles, twenty nine quarterback sacks, and 5 forced fumbles with Wake Forest. The Arizona Cardinals drafted him with the 18th overall pick throughout the first round of the 2003 NFL Draft. Pace played in the Valley of the sun before 2007 before landing with the New York Jets in front of the 2008 season. As of the fall of 2014, Pace presently plays with the Jets, although the team released him before the 2013 season. He landed an one year offer to remain with the team. Sticking to the conclusion of the season, the Jets re signed Pace to a two year, five million contract to continue playing with New York. The six-foot-four, 265 pound outside linebacker has racked up 565 career tackles, 55.5 quarterback sacks, 3 interceptions, and nineteen forced fumbles 5 weeks to the 2014 season. Pace, that ran a 4.65 40 yard dash and has a 31 inch vertical jump, has admitted that, away from the field, he's a fear of heights.
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Proceedinsg of the 2nd Bi- Annual Conference of the Forest and Forest Products Society of Nigeria, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. April 26-30, 2010. Akinwole, A.O. and Popoola, O.C. (2011) Investigation of the Prospects of Algae for Biofuel Production in Nigeria.
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Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine
1978 Compendium
Apple Tic-Tac-Toe
Cater Killer
Lordlings of Yore
Synergistic Software: The Early Games
DOS Disk Analyzer
GBBS Pro 2.2
MicroWriter
Signature GS
All About Applesoft
All About DOS
All About Pascal
The Apple House
Apple II Monitor Peeled
Etch-a-Sketch and Other Fun Programs
Graphically Speaking
What's Where In The Apple: Enhanced
WOZPAK: Special Ed.
Appilot/W1
Applesoft Carpenter II
Big Mac: Macro Assembler
Blankenship BASIC
DOS 4.1
ProBASIC
Turtlesoft
The Apple's Apprentice
Colossal Computer Cartoon: Enhanced
Cyber Jack: Synergistic & Robert Clardy
Nibble Viewpoints: Business Insights
Tome Copy Protection
Call-A.P.P.L.E. 2002-11
APDAlog
A.P.P.L.E. Mac
1984 A.P.P.L.E. Catalog
1984 Flyer PC Userfest
January 1985 Catalog
1985/86 Fall/Winter A.P.P.L.E. Catalog
1989 Closeout Catalog
Co-Op Spirit
MacTech Quarterly
NAUG Appleworks Forum
Open Apple Gazette
/// Cheers!
Structris for iOS
Apple-1
Apple-Dayton Disk Of the Month
TML Pascal
GS OS 6.0.2
68000 Tiny Basic Page
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Applied Engineering
Apple Older Software Downloads
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Computist
GBBS
Ryan's Apple Software
VidHD
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The Apple's Apprentice released by A.P.P.L.E.
Posted by Brian Wiser
Seattle, Washington — July 18, 2018 — Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange (A.P.P.L.E.) and Roger Wagner are proud to announce the immediate availability of the book The Apple's Apprentice.
In a world of computer magazines where the target audience leans toward the adult side of life, comes The Apple's Apprentice – the first computer magazine produced for beginners and kids of all ages, from 8 to 80. Put your feet up on a chair, relax, and learn about Apple II computers in an informative, fun way. All three issues have been lovingly restored, so that you can enjoy the amazement and wonder of computing in 1984.
The Apple's Apprentice is available through the A.P.P.L.E. bookstore with production and fulfillment by Lulu.com. The Premium Paperback is printed on thicker glossy paper.
Articles by kids and wizards like Roger Wagner and Mike Thyng of A.P.P.L.E..
Spells and Potions – Open the huge oak door and find inside magical cures for ills such as how to prevent the screen from scrolling, and other Applesoft BASIC tutorials.
The Sourceror's Apprentice – Assembly language programming for teenagers.
Ask The Wizard – Programming Q&A sessions with The Wizard of Fairhill Castle.
Ye Olde Game Shoppe – News and reviews.
The Crystal Ball – Glance through our crystal ball with predictions of Apples in your future, games to come, peripherals, and products of interest to kids.
A story on special effects wizard John Dykstra and Apogee that created effects for Star Wars and Star Trek – using an Apple II.
Journey to a Computer Camp, Cross Words puzzles, and amusing Micro Chips color comics about Apples.
Roger Wagner — Roger Wagner is a programmer who has deep roots in the Apple II community, going all the way back to the beginnings of the platform. In 1978, he started his own software publishing company, Southwestern Data Systems (SDS), as a vehicle for the distribution and sales of some of his first software products for the Apple II. For those of us who grew up with the Apple II in the 1970s and 1980s, Roger's software was a mainstay – his hands were everywhere in the Apple world. He also wrote The Correspondent and MouseWrite word processors for the Apple II, and sold software written by other authors, including Glen Bredon's popular Merlin assembler. During those early years, he also wrote articles for many major magazines of the day, including Call-A.P.P.L.E., Nibble, inCider, A+, and GS+. Wagner is best remembered for his long-running "Assembly Lines" column in Softalk, which focused on teaching the first generation of Apple II users how to program in 6502 assembly language.
In 1984, Roger partnered with A.P.P.L.E. founder and Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine editor, Val Golding, to create a magazine dedicated to teaching children of all ages about programming – The Apple's Apprentice. The educational aspect and philosophy behind The Apple's Apprentice followed the same goal as Apple's with the Apple II computer – to educate and inspire. While the magazine only had three issues, the quality of the production, articles, and art stands out as a reminder of how good an educational magazine can be.
He later renamed his software company to Roger Wagner Publishing, and continued to provide quality software for both the 8-bit Apple II and the 16-bit Apple IIGS. His most famous contribution to the IIGS was the HyperCard-inspired program, HyperStudio, which linked pictures, audio media, and text with clickable links, a foretaste of the hyperlinked Web that was to arrive in the 1990s. Wagner later developed it for Windows and Mac, and promoted its use in schools – teaching students to create presentations and to learn about computers. HyperStudio 5 for Mac continues to evolve from its Apple II roots. Roger released HyperStudio AUTHOR that allows for the creation of simple and beautiful interactive iPad books with HTML5-based media that can be merged into Apple's iBooks Author. For more information, visit: rogerwagner.com.
Brian Wiser — Apple consultant, historian and archivist. Designer, editor, and co-producer of several books including: Cyber Jack: The Adventures of Robert Clardy and Synergistic Software, Synergistic Software: The Early Games, Nibble Viewpoints: Business Insights From the Computing Revolution, The WOZPAK Special Edition: Steve Wozniak's Apple-1 & Apple II Computers, The Colossal Computer Cartoon Book: Enhanced Edition, and What's Where in the Apple: Enhanced Edition. Producer/Director of the documentary film Done The Impossible: The Fans' Tale of Firefly & Serenity, Beagle Bros and Applied Engineering webmaster. Brian also co-produced the retro iOS game Structris, and is a co-producer/writer for CallApple.org and Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine.
Bill Martens — Apple historian and enthusiast, Programmer, President of Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange (A.P.P.L.E.) and co-producer of Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine, Cyber Jack, Synergistic Software: The Early Games, Nibble Viewpoints, The WOZPAK Special Edition, and What's Where in the Apple: Enhanced Edition. Bill also co-produced and co-programmed the retro iOS game Structris.
Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange (A.P.P.L.E.) has been a global Apple user group since 1978, with membership peaking near 50,000 in 1985. Offering many services, A.P.P.L.E. is also a book publisher and game developer, and has produced over a dozen new book titles since 2013 in addition to over 100 Apple software titles.
A.PP.L.E. produced and published the The WOZPAK Special Edition – a detailed book containing Steve Wozniak's restored handwritten notes and printouts about his Apple II computer, as well as a forward from Steve Wozniak and other Apple legends. They also publish: Tome of Copy Protection, Cyber Jack: The Adventures of Robert Clardy and Synergistic Software, Synergistic Software: The Early Games, Nibble Viewpoints: Business Insights From the Computing Revolution by Mike Harvey, What's Where in The Apple: Enhanced Edition, The Colossal Computer Cartoon Book: Enhanced Edition by David H. Ahl, The A.P.P.L.E. 1978 and 1979 Compendiums, and the retro iOS game Structris.
Press Information is available at: www.callapple.org/press
Updated: March 11, 2019 at 15:47
Tags: apple II, books, magazines, roger wagner
◀ An Apple II Rev 0 Comes Back from the Dead
DiskBrowser 1.0.26 Released ▶
Brian Wiser
Brian is an A.P.P.L.E. Board member and Managing Editor of Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine. He is a long-time Apple consultant, historian and archivist. Brian designed, edited, and co-produced several books including: "Cyber Jack: The Adventures of Robert Clardy and Synergistic Software", "Synergistic Software: The Early Games", "Nibble Viewpoints: Business Insights From The Computing Revolution", "What's Where in the Apple: Enhanced Edition", and "The WOZPAK: Special Edition" – an important Apple II historical book with Steve Wozniak's restored original, technical handwritten notes as well as a forward from Steve Wozniak and other Apple legends. Brian also co-produced the retro iOS game "Structris." Brian was an extra in Joss Whedon's movie "Serenity," leading him to being a producer/director for the documentary film "Done The Impossible: The Fans' Tale of Firefly & Serenity." He brought some of the Firefly cast aboard his Browncoat Cruise and recruited several of the Firefly cast to appear in a film for charity. Brian speaks about his adventures at conventions around the country.
Join A.P.P.L.E.
Choose the amount to pay for your annual membership to the Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange (A.P.P.L.E.) User Group. Upper-level memberships are donation levels that help keep the server and lights on, and bring you great things like our 50+ Page PDF Magazine! Read about Member Benefits.
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"Almost six months to the day after voting to give the richest fraction of the country a $1.5 trillion tax break, Claudia Tenney just voted to punish the poorest and most vulnerable families in the country by instituting draconian new limits on access to SNAP. This program, which serves nearly1.6 million New York households – including 63,110 in Tenney's own district – helps working families keep food on the table when they can't make ends meet.
"Despite decades of evidence proving that the new SNAP work requirements will only succeed in keeping struggling families in poverty, Tenney voted to make it even harder for the 84,000 people in our district who face food insecurity to get the help they need to stay healthy and fed. An estimated 2 million Americans will lose access to the program altogether as a result of the Farm Bill's passage.


text:
package azkaban.utils;

import azkaban.constants.FlowProperties;
import azkaban.constants.ServerProperties;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

public class ExternalLinkUtils {
  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ExternalLinkUtils.class);

  public static String getExternalAnalyzerOnReq(Props azkProps, HttpServletRequest req) {
    // If no topic was configured to be an external analyzer, return empty
    if (!azkProps.containsKey(ServerProperties.AZKABAN_SERVER_EXTERNAL_ANALYZER_TOPIC)) {
      return "";
    }
    // Find out which external link we should use to lead to our analyzer
    String topic = azkProps.getString(ServerProperties.AZKABAN_SERVER_EXTERNAL_ANALYZER_TOPIC);
    return getLinkFromRequest(topic, azkProps, req);
  }

  public static String getExternalLogViewer(Props azkProps, String jobId, Props jobProps) {
    // If no topic was configured to be an external analyzer, return empty
    if (!azkProps.containsKey(ServerProperties.AZKABAN_SERVER_EXTERNAL_LOGVIEWER_TOPIC)) {
      return "";
    }
    // Find out which external link we should use to lead to our log viewer
    String topic = azkProps.getString(ServerProperties.AZKABAN_SERVER_EXTERNAL_LOGVIEWER_TOPIC);
    return getLinkFromJobAndExecId(topic, azkProps, jobId, jobProps);
  }

  private static String getLinkFromJobAndExecId(String topic, Props azkProps, String jobId, Props jobProps) {
    String urlTemplate = getURLForTopic(topic, azkProps);
    if (urlTemplate.isEmpty()) {
      logger.error("No URL specified for topic " + topic);
      return "";
    }
    String job = encodeToUTF8(jobId);
    String execid = encodeToUTF8(jobProps.getString(FlowProperties.AZKABAN_FLOW_EXEC_ID));

    urlTemplate = urlTemplate.replace("${jobid}", job).replace("${execid}", execid);
    logger.info("Creating link: " + urlTemplate);
    return urlTemplate;
  }

  private static String getLinkFromRequest(String topic, Props azkProps, HttpServletRequest req) {
    String urlTemplate = getURLForTopic(topic, azkProps);
    if (urlTemplate.isEmpty()) {
      logger.error("No URL specified for topic " + topic);
      return "";
    }
    String flowExecutionURL = "";
    flowExecutionURL += req.getRequestURL();
    flowExecutionURL += "?";
    flowExecutionURL += req.getQueryString();
    flowExecutionURL = encodeToUTF8(flowExecutionURL);

    urlTemplate = urlTemplate.replace("${url}", flowExecutionURL);
    logger.info("Creating link: " + urlTemplate);
    return urlTemplate;
  }

  static String getURLForTopic(String topic, Props azkProps) {
    return azkProps.getString(ServerProperties.AZKABAN_SERVER_EXTERNAL_TOPIC_URL.replace("${topic}", topic), "");
  }

  static String encodeToUTF8(String url) {
    try {
      return URLEncoder.encode(url, "UTF-8").replaceAll("\\+", "%20");
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      logger.error("Specified encoding is not supported", e);
    }
    return "";
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Marty Cauley: Claim Your Mountain!
This is the final week of "The Me I Want to Be." Week one we talked about how we are called to shine like starts, to put away false versions of ourselves and be who God has called us to be. Week 2: Renew your mind.—becoming Phil. 4 people. Week 3: Renew your time—getting serious about our priorities to make the most of the time God has given us. Week 4: Deepening my relationships—we are molded by who we associate with and our part is a vitally important part of God's overall quilt of existence. Today we finish up with a challenge for you to claim your mountain!
How was Caleb, at 85 years old, able to still have the urgency to claim his mountain? He had three characteristics that we need to nurture in our own lives if we want to claim out mountain: wait, want, and will.
o Wandered the desert for 40 years until a generation died off.
o Sometimes something has to die before you can move forward.
o What is it in your life that you need to release so you can grasp what God wants for your life?
o Let me give you a tough but true biblical truth: God does more great things over 40 years than he does over 40 days. God more often rewards the determined than the distracted.
o Waiting is God's proving ground, and its tough. I don't even like to wait at the grocery story, but no matter what the Cauley Curse activates.
WANT: Long-term focus. I don't know if he could see the mountain during the 40 years of desert time, but I'm sure that occasionally they would walk in the shadow of his promise, and when it did it caused him to become more focused on God's promise.
o One of the great struggles of our culture is that we want everything now. Instant gratification is an addiction.
o If we are not careful we sacrifice what we want most for what we want now.
o When we get our eyes off of God's best for our lives, if we isolate and insulate ourselves we give temptation power over us.
o One of the reasons we encourage gathering in worship and in Connection Groups is that it allows us to have people around us to remind us not to give up wanting God's best for our lives.
WILL: Long-term fearlessness…God is able. Even at 85 Caleb did not choose the easy path, he chose the challenging one.
o Retirement is not a biblical concept. Before the 1960s with the onset of Social Security, it was virtually unheard of.
o We say it around here all the time, if you are not dead, you are not done.
o What are you afraid of? One speaker said that fear is vision without hope.
o What you fear, or who you fear has power over you.
o What you fear, or who you fear becomes a god, it controls your life, your actions. It causes you to have a fight, fright, or flight reaction.
o Fear is why the people of Israel wandered in the desert for 40 years. They forgot that they serve a God who is able to do exceedingly, abundantly, more than they can ask or think.
o What would you do for God if you knew you could not fail?
How do you know if it is your mountain?
It moves you. When you talk about it, think about it, consider it, you feel a tug at your heart, your eyes may get teary.
It motivates you. It is something that you will get up early for and stay up late for. When you are working on it, time flies.
It matters to you. You can tell it matters because it begins to impact how you manage the two most important "books" of your life, your checkbook and your date book.
One of our connection groups has finished this series. They got to the end and they discovered their mountain. I was told that their mountain was "my fault" because I mentioned in a message recently that every summer children came back to school having lost weight because they didn't have food to eat, and that dozens of kids went home every Friday and may not eat again until breakfast on Monday, and that this was unacceptable. Now I'm gonna let them tell you the rest of the story.


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text:
It's Never Good to be Understood by a Girl Named Acid Wash
Kudos to the Too Poppers who remember The Caulfields, the guitar-heavy power pop shouldabeens from the 90s led by John Faye, who went on to form John Faye Powertrip and Ike. Anyway, they're reuniting for a show in Philly on 12/26 and doing their first radio interview in over 10 years on 12/14:
The Caulfields, the band I grew up in and toured the world with in the 90's, will be appearing on the Wilmington, DE station 93.7 WSTW this Sunday 12/14 from 9-11pm. We'll be guests on "Hometown Heroes" hosted by Mark Rogers and it will be the band's first live radio interview since August of 1997, when we announced our break-up on "The Planet" in Detroit, MI (oh the drama! ;) If you're in the DE/PA/NJ area, tune in this Sunday! You can also hear it live at: http://wstw. com OR check out the podcast which the station will post within a few days of the show! http://www. wstw. com/heroes/
Sweet. Devil's Diary from The Caulfields' debut Whirligig is a Certified Too Poppy Classic.
MP3: The Caulfields - Devil's Diary
Tags: caulfields, ike, johnfayepowertrip, mp3


text:
Tag Archives: CTWO
Intersections, Struggle & Movement
Rinku Sen's Stir It Up #2 — Organizing in Practice
November 16, 2017 Andrea Gibbons	Leave a comment
Second post on Stir It Up by Rinku Sen of CTWO (first post here) — this one on the nitty gritty of it all. Which being an academic now I find less exciting than when I was an organizer, though as much or more important than the other stuff I know. Anyway. In Sen's opinion there has been a real shift in community organizing, and it's during this shift and in this realm that I came of age really, so this rings true though I am discovering that there is more continuity than I had thought. She describes what she calls the 'New Community Organizing Practices', which certainly reflected some of SAJE's work while I was there I think. Though we maybe took on more 'winnable' issues apart from gentrification itself, but no one has beat that yet have they… just held it at bay. Folks like LA CAN and Union de Vecinos have been doing that with might and brilliance for decades now.
In a significant shift in practice, community organizations are increasingly taking up the issues and constituencies mainstream groups refuse to touch. There has been significant innovation in three particular areas. First, groups have begun to organize the most marginalized people rather than those occupying the middle. The organizing of undocumented immigrants, victims of police brutality, and single mothers is indicative of this trend. Second, groups choose issues that enable the organizing of the worst-off, sometimes privileging those concerns over blander issues that might be more winnable. Third, political education has been added to organizing practice. (lxiii)
CHAPTER ONE: NEW REALITIES, INTEGRATED STRATEGIES
So a chapter here on the political and economic realities:
This chapter is about what I consider the central political and economic trends we need to take into account while we do our work. In the United States today, three trends in particular are relevant to every progressive group: the resurgence of conservative movements and the power gained by such movements in the United States since the early 1970s; the character and organization of the new economy, which is distinguished by the rising use of neoliberal policies and contingent workers; and the continued, unyielding role of racism and sexism in the organization of society. (1)
These are the underlying trends that organizing works needs to be tackling. So what needs doing? Another list:
Increasing Progressive Organizing, (18)
Addressing Core Ideas and Values: The base building, the development of sustained campaigns, and the research and media work are essentially techniques with no specific moral, economic, or political values attached to them; they are meaningless unless we also address the core ideas that shape society. (20)
Supporting Large Social Movements: We need to develop a movement orientation to our organizing. (21)
That's a big one, but at the same time movement isn't really something you can create — Piven and Cloward talk about this, and I think we all agree. So what is the role of the organizer in the meantime? Aldon Morris talks about Halfway Houses, Myles Horton thought about this in relation to Highlander. I like the below as well:
While we can't control all the factors that enable a movement to develop, we can build our organizations in such a way as to be ready for movement work when the time is right. Most experienced activists believe that movements emerge from a specific set of conditions—rising expectations among the disenfranchised, a backlash against the status quo, or demographic shifts—in addition to explicit organizing. Being ready requires, in the first place, shifts in our work patterns and attitudes. For example, rather than figuring out how to do everything in one organization, we need to think more about how to create and support complementary organizations that work together to get the job done. Such a division of labor requires a deep understanding of and mutual respect for all the functions necessary to organize people, ideas, and money. (22)
CHAPTER TWO: ORGANIZING NEW CONSTITUENCIES
Organizing can mean a lot of things to different people, I like her simple list of what it is (and why).
By organizing, I mean an effort to build organizations that include at least these five elements:
A clear mission and goals
A membership and leadership structure, with a way for people to join and take roles
Outreach systems that concentrate on those most affected
Issue campaigns featuring multiple tactics, including direct action
Pursuit of changing institutions rather than individuals
These elements combine to produce power and a shift in how people are treated as a result. (24-25)
I also like this breakdown of the underlying principles, and the impacts these have on the work you do, how you do it, and who can work with you:
Four major principles form the basis of our organizing efforts. First, our organizing strategy, our plan to build or expand a particular constituency, holds implications for the way we structure our organizations. Second, every organization has its own culture, which has to be shaped and refined to make room for the participation of particular groups. Third, we need to match our recruitment methods to the people we want to reach. Fourth, if we use services to attract members, we have to be extra vigilant that service provision doesn't take over the organizing. (26)
That last one? Hard. We used services around evictions to ensure we still had some members but still. Hard. This, though? It's all about this:
Organizing is essentially the process of creating politically active constituencies out of people with problems by focusing on their strengths and the solutions embedded in their experience. It is the basic work of progressive social change. (47)
CHAPTER THREE: PICKING THE GOOD FIGHT
Choosing campaigns…breaking down the difference between issues and problems. All organizing manuals talk about this.
Webster's dictionary defines issue as a conflict between two parties. Organizers distinguish issues from problems. Problems refer to large-scale systems that are too large and vague to help us focus on real changes worth fighting for. Identifying specific issues within large-scale problems helps us define clear conflicts to which our group can propose a resolution. Issues always have at least three elements: a constituency with a grievance, a set of demands that address that grievance, and an institutional target at whom the grievance is directed. If a group cannot identify these three elements with specificity, then it is probably still dealing at the level of problems rather than carving out issues. (48)
I loved the principles, but loved also this acknowledgement about the realities of people's lives and how they don't quite fit into easy traditional models to deal with it, and the benefit of wisdom gained over years looking back:
Students of color, women, and lesbian/gay/bi/trans (LGBT) students, arguably the most explicitly marginalized constituencies on their campuses, frequently resisted our characterization of "good" issues. They asserted, quite correctly, that they rarely had the luxury to choose issues. Issues were thrust on them by oppressive institutional policies and practices that forced them into a survival mode. Furthermore, they said, choosing issues creates a hierarchy among oppressions: groups have to make implicit, if not explicit, judgments about which issues are important enough to work on and which are not, who deserves liberation and who does not.
Today, I would suggest that those students create their own criteria for prioritizing issues. While it is true that some attacks must be answered, having clear criteria can help you respond effectively, as well as move beyond defense posture to victories that improve the quality of life. (50)
Some great lists for choosing issues — first from Midwest Organizing Academy and then CTWOs own. Go look at them.
CHAPTER FOUR: READY, SET, ACTION! (79)
There isn't much new here that isn't in in Miller's or Hunter's books. I do love the reminder though, 5 reasons why direct action is so important:
While the idea of direct action is often scary, using it can provide important benefits. First, direct action can clarify the stakes, presenting our take on an issue in sharp contrast to other proposals or the status quo. This kind of clarification makes it less likely that the interests of our constituency will be negotiated away by people who are not affected—a distinct possibility when liberal policy, research and lobbying groups are deeply involved in a controversial issue, whether it be welfare or immigration. (79-80)
Second, nothing is better than a well-timed confrontation to help targets feel the pressure, which leads to victories that weren't forthcoming without the action.
Third, direct action demystifies the halls of power for a constituency, and the people occupying those halls start to realize it and treat us with more respect.
Fourth, face-to-face conflict can sometimes help protect the members of a group when they are under attack. The mere process of taking risks together, which direct action requires, helps to build the group's sense of itself as a group. Actions can also help protect individuals who are having problems with the system by making it clear that they are surrounded by a whole group.
Fifth, direct action offers fun, creative, and effective ways to get your message out. (80)
It is definitely the campaign that makes the action meaningful, and the political education and critical consciousness that needs to be built with it that creates real change.
Still, no matter how successful any individual direct action is, it is meaningless outside of a campaign. Campaigns indicate sustained intervention on a specific issue; they have clear short- and long-term goals, a timeline, creative incremental demands, targets who can meet those demands, and an organizing plan to build a constituency and build internal capacity. Within campaigns, different tactics accomplish different goals. There are tactics for building a base, recruiting allies, educating the larger public, and proving a point, in addition to those that pressure targets. Campaigns require planning and discipline, the ability to think about life in six-month, one-year, or multiyear terms. Many organizations do great actions but cannot sustain a defined campaign that pursues a specific set of demands that fit into their larger vision. (81)
I do like these too, having now participated in numerous protests in this country where not a single damn one of these ever happens, despite my own protests:
There are three important principles in using direct action effectively. First, each action has to have a clear purpose grounded in an irrefutable need and expressed in the action's specific target and demand. Second, the best actions are heavily choreographed. Third, direct actions are always part of a larger campaign.
This grows long, I just want to capture key points to think about later, to compare to others. So what follows are just the chapter headings and the principles that encapsulate CTWO's best practices:
CHAPTER FIVE: LEADING THE WAY
There are four key principles of leadership development. First, successful organizations distinguish between leadership identification and deeper development. Second, they formalize their leadership development programs, using popular education methods and grounding development in the daily work of the organization. Third, they pay attention to the race, class, gender, and cultural issues embedded in leadership development. Finally, they actively plan for the renewal and regeneration of leadership, from supporting an individual in avoiding burnout to managing leadership transitions well. (98-99)
CHAPTER SIX: TAKE BACK THE FACTS
There are three basic principles for conducting research for organizing purposes. First, consider the ways in which you can combine your research with outreach and issues development. Second, use human sources rather than paper as much as possible. Third, figure out whether you are better off doing your research internally or creating a partnership with another organization. (118)
Research is close to my heart, and I've a stack of things to get through on action research and PAR but I will add a second paragraph:
To use research to work on issues, we have to know where we are in the issue-development process before starting the research. Are we choosing an issue, reframing it, or developing a campaign plan? Choosing an issue requires a research process that determines what the constituency cares about, whether a solution is available, and whether we can craft an issue that meets our criteria. Reframing an issue requires detailed data, sometimes stories but often hard numbers, that dispute or discredit information put out by the other side. Developing a campaign plan requires tactical research—gathering specific information about targets and potential pitfalls embedded in our demands. (121)
CHAPTER SEVEN: UNITED WE STAND
There are four key principles to remember here. First, a group has to distinguish between different forms of collaboration and choose the one that matches its goals and capacities. Second, each partner in a collaboration has to have substantial self-interest and similar politics, although the need for political negotiation is ongoing. Third, organizations need to bring resources into an alliance or network, and those contributions have to be structured to equalize power and credit among the partners. Fourth, these formations work best when one party is responsible for staffing them; long-term alliances and networks require their own staffing and infrastructure. (136)
There is so much more here, I think, about alliance building. Particularly for me, how this is done to scale while still being grassroots led and in a world of scarce resources/lack of time/inability to travel because of immigration status or family commitments or poverty. I think anyone working at a national scale struggles a lot with this, even more so at an international scale.
CHAPTER EIGHT: Speaking Truth to Power
There are five key considerations in expanding organizational media capacity: crafting a strategy that adjusts messages and materials according to the audience; developing sharp, polarizing messages based on shared values; recognizing the importance of designing our own print, radio, and electronic media; understanding the media and building relationships with reporters, including challenging outlets when necessary; and, finally, using people within our own organization as sources. (150)
CHAPTER NINE: EDUCATION FOR ENGAGEMENT
If we are going to engage in political education, we need to keep four principles in mind. First, clarity about the purpose of our political education will help define the approach we take and the questions we ask. Second, we need to avoid dogmatic rhetoric by grounding our political-education work in fact and inquiry. Third, we need to balance education with our primary goal, political organizing. Fourth, varying the medium of education will keep people engaged. Fifth, exploring solutions will help prevent our members from becoming depressed after political-education sessions. (167)
CONCLUSION: Community Organizing—Tomorrow
This is just me being lazy, recapping it all with two copied paragraphs. But I myself need to remember things like this, and it's hard, so a nice way to end.
There's a lot to pay attention to: changes in the economy, implications of identity, the connection between local communities and global trends, the tactics of the opposition, as well as how our organizations are shaping themselves. Paying attention is about being self-conscious in the best sense—having a heightened awareness of what's going on with us and around us. It does not mean knowing everything about everything, but it does mean expanding our notion of what is relevant to our work.
But being aware without a commitment to action divorces us from real life and keeps us from distinguishing what requires our attention from what doesn't. In this age of rapid information diffusion, that is a dangerous thing. Much of the information coming our way catalogues the horrors of being a regular person, the terrible consequences of the policies that control our lives. Without a commitment to taking action that will improve conditions, we don't demand the kind of information we need to make changes, and we become paralyzed by what we know. (183)
Action is required.
[Sen, Rinku (2003) Stir It Up: Lessons in Community Organizin and Advocacy. San Francisco: Chardon Press.
Driven From Below: A look at tenant organizing and the new gentrification
Ledwith on Freire, Gramsci, and Community Development in the UK
The Cry Was Unity: African Americans and the Communist Party
Finale: Robert Fisher on Community Organising in the 1980s
Organizing Manual from Daniel Hunter: A Movement to End the New Jim Crow
Mike Miller: community organizing
Conflict and Controversy: The Genius of Saul Alinksy I
In Defense of Housing: Madden & Marcuse
Women in Grassroots Movements: Temma Kaplan
Ella Baker — a biography from J. Todd Moye
center for third world organizingcommunity organizingCTWOidentityintersectionalityorganizingraceRinku Sen
Role of the intellectual, Struggle & Movement
Rinku Sen's Stir It Up #1: Community Organizing — History and Organisation
Rinku Sen's guide to community organizing is brilliant — nothing could ever replace the collective energy and knowledge generated through CTWO's (or any group's) training programs because community organizing is all about collective liberation, but if you can't get there then this is great. If like me you've been lucky enough to learn from folks there, than this is a good reminder of some of what they taught. But of course, this has also made me think a lot more about things in the way that only sitting with a book can, especially now that I am removed from the pressures of organizing and being all intellectual about shit.
You should buy it, support such work, but you can get the PDF here. The presence of a PDF available for copying means I quote at EVEN GREATER LENGTH, which is always a failing of mine. Apologies.
The book in a nutshell:
The book is organized to provide an overview of organizing and then to explore specific aspects of current practice. The tools presented here can help communities transform the institutions and ideas that shape our lives. I make two essential arguments. First, I argue that today's social, political, and economic context, characterized by global capitalism, a resurgent conservative movement, and the continued role of racism and sexism in world society, requires a deeper strategic capacity than most organizations have today. Second, I argue that although organizing among the people suffering from these systems is more important than ever, the range of political skills required of us goes far beyond recruiting members and planning creative actions. Minimally, effective peoples' organizations need to have not just the people but also a system for internal leadership development and consciousness raising, strong factual research, and the ability to generate media attention. Simply put, today's movements for social and economic justice need people who are clear about the problems with the current systems, who rely on solid evidence for their critique, and who are able to reach large numbers of other people with both analysis and proposals. (xvii-iii)
Right on.
So this first post is on her overview of community organizing, anti-racist and feminist critiques of it, and how it can be combined with learning from the many vibrant struggles around identity. It is nice and broad and captures much of the amazing work happening in the US, and which I miss so much now that I'm in the UK:
The term community organizing refers to a distinct form of organization building and social activism that grew in the United States mostly after World War II. …. There are at least six major organizing networks in the United States, each with its own methods and theories. Since World War II, community organizing has grown into a profession, with its own body of literature, standards, and training institutes. (xliv)
The oldest network is the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF), founded by Saul Alinsky:
the first to devise and write down a model of organizing that could be replicated. He created dozens of community organizations, all designed to test out a new portion of the theory, in addition to the IAF. Alinsky's pragmatic, nonideological approach to social change has been both emulated and challenged by organizers and groups, many of which arose to fill perceived gaps in Alinsky's work. (xliv)
They are funded primarily through institutional membership and foundation grants. Most have become faith based over time. A branch from this model came when Fred Ross Sr., the IAF's West Coast director, developed the Community Service Organization (CSO). This worked out of LA (woo!) to register people to vote and help elect the first Latino city council member in 1949 (Ed Roybal!). He helped develop a model of individual membership, and worked with Cesar Chavez start the United Farm Workers. I am fascinated that both started with a process of mutual aid through the pooling community funds, need to learn more about this.
Been thinking a lot and in conversations about Alinksy lately, and agree that the summaries here and in Fisher are not doing him enough justice — and it seems to me that this is often because they focus more on a calcified form of practice that he would himself have been quick to disavow. But more on that later, here just to recap what other's feel — interesting in itself in thinking about representation and different understandings.
The People's Institute for Community Organizing (PICO) was founded by two priests, John Baumann and Dick Helfridge in the 1970s-80s along similar lines and still going strong, faith-based organizing bringing congregations together for change. Knew some young organizers in these older organizations, liked them a lot.
And of course there is also ACORN — she's right I didn't know this history:
The Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) is the undoubted leader among traditional community organizations based on the model of bringing individuals together into new formations that did not rely on existing institutions. Few contemporary activists, however, know that ACORN has its roots in the civil rights and welfare rights movements. In 1968, a chemistry professor and civil rights leader named George Wiley, active in the Congress of Racial Equality, implemented the idea of combining community organizing, which he saw winning significant victories, with the racial justice commitments of the civil rights movement in a new formation called the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO). Although it survived only six years, among its lasting legacies was the creation of ACORN, which was started by Wade Rathke, who had been sent to Little Rock, Arkansas, to build an NWRO chapter in 1970.
ACORN was the first to design a replicable model for the individual-membership organization. Today, ACORN has organizations in twenty-six states and counts among its successes winning many local living wage campaigns, resisting redlining by banks and insurance companies, and reforming local public schools. ACORN's outreach to individuals and its continued commitment to organizing the very poor makes it an important supplement to the IAF and PICO, institutional models that address only marginally the question of the unorganized (Delgado, 1986). (xlviii)
Since then a n umber of other models and networks have developed, such as the National Organizers Alliance (NOA). Relationships between everyone often remain a bit fractious, at least they were in LA. Personalities are of course part of it, but the various critiques raise some of the biggest issues in the country really, primarily those of how we understand our relationship with capitalism, inseparable from the ways race, gender, sexuality intersect with class and struggle. That, and who gets to say 'I am the community'. That's a tough one when you're just fighting for a seat at the table.
Anti-racist critique of traditional community organizing
So… the anti-racist critique of traditional models. Sen writes
The antiracist critique centers on three concerns: the domination of community organizations by white staff and white "formal" leaders such as priests and union officials; the refusal of most community organizations to incorporate issues focused on racism; and the lack of flexibility in the rules of leadership and tactical planning. (xlix)
So as already noted, it was a blow to him that Alinsky's first community organizing victories happened were won by the Back of the Yards Neighborhood Council, yet it became an active racist force for segregation in the late 1960s. Sen's own analysis of this:
So, Alinsky knew enough about race to be embarrassed by explicit racism but not enough to embrace organizational practices that could centralize antiracist work and that could develop a sophisticated antiracist analysis that kept up with the efforts of the right wing. As years passed, the larger community organizing networks tended to follow that lead… (liii)
Related to that, is that the tactics and the formula for success given by traditional models — choosing limited campaigns that are winnable — are not enough to shift the balance of power nor do they 'match the political cultures and priorities of communities of color and antiracist activists' (she cites Delgado, 1986; Fellner, 1998; Blake, 1999 — I haven't read any of these folks).
As the conservative backlash and active racism of the right grow, campaigns need to shift and begin to tackle some of the harder issues at the core of what communities of colour face.
One last critique:
Finally, people of color argue that many of the rules of community organizing run counter to the political traditions, cultures, and realities of communities of color. They point to three community organizing trends in particular: the separation of leader and organizer roles, the refusal to advance a fundamental critique of capitalism and U.S. democracy, and an over-reliance on confrontational tactics as the only sign that institutional challenge is taking place. In many communities of color, organizers are a part of the community's leadership, publicly acknowledged and included in decision making. Sometimes these leaders are paid to do their organizing, and often they aren't. Examples abound, from Fannie Lou Hamer to Anna Mae Aquash. While many organizers of color see the importance of leadership that generates new leaders, they resist drawing a false line between leader and organizer.
Many people of color have little faith that simply raising their voices will have a dramatic effect. Tactically, communities of color are accustomed to finding other ways to challenge institutions, including building alternatives.(li)
This brings us to the community organizing networks formed explicitly attending to race, the first of which in 1980 was the Center for Third World Organizing (CTWO) 'by Gary Delgado, a former welfare rights and ACORN organizer, and Hulbert James, a former SNCC and HumanServ organizer'.
CTWO advanced a strategy based on two notions: that people of color occupied a colonized position within the United States and could find common cause across the lines separating black, Asian, Latino, and Native American communities, and that community organizing offered potentially strong forums for such politics if it could be conducted with clear antiracist analysis and priorities.(liii)
A second network from the early 1980s, Grassroots Leadership, was founded by Si Kahn (I remember his book How People Get Power as being as awesome as the title) 'to be an explicitly biracial network of community organizations in the South that continued the tradition of combining art and culture with organizing practice'. (liii)
Feminist critique of traditional community organizing
Sen describes four targets of feminist critique
community organizing overemphasizes intervention in the public sphere, does not allow organizers to balance work and family, focuses on narrow self-interest as the primary motivator, and relies on conflict and militaristic tactics.
Things we thought a lot about at SAJE, things that ultimately limit movement when left unaddressed — but they are hard, particularly the work and family balance. We never got that right, don't know that anyone did. Sen argues that both the critiques emerging from anti-racist work and communities of colour and the critiques raised by feminism all point to the issue with the pragmatism Alinksy emphasized in his trainings and in his writings. She writes:
In many ways, the lack of sophistication that traditional community organizing applies to large-scale economic, racial, and gender questions resulted in the lack of explicit ideological discussion in most traditional organizing networks. Over time, the pragmatism that Alinsky espoused came to characterize community organizations; it determined the path of internal conflicts about class, race, and gender, and eventually of those about immigration and sexuality. If a particular issue was bound to divide a community or was difficult to address entirely in the public sphere, most community organizations did not deal with it. Domestic violence and police brutality provide excellent examples of issues that could divide a community and that local institutions resisted dealing with. … Over time, additional forces and new movements have changed community organizing by creating an imperative for different methods and politics. (lvi)
This tendency to shy away from difficult issues is a natural one, particularly in the emergency-driven environment of organizing desperately trying to weld people into organized struggle. It is hard, requires time and space and thought and tools. Luckily people have been working on theory and on tools for decades, it is for us to carve out the time and space and that requires will.
On Identity and Struggle
The final section here deals with the impact of other kinds of movement struggles — first the new organizing strategies of SEIU (Justice for Janitors) and HERE (Hotel and Restaurant Workers) and their rejuvenation of the labor movement through the organization of immigrants in precarious sub-contracts. Second the rise of identity-based movements. There is much to learn here, many of these campaigns have been fierce, beautiful, victorious.
Sen writes:
In part, identity politics started as an analytic movement, a movement of ideas, that upheld the importance of the political experiences of marginalized constituencies and expected progressives to unify around the imperatives of attacking racism, sexism, and sexual oppression as they had around class. Identity politics—a political vision that recognizes the problems of societies in which rewards and punishments are distributed by massive systems according to physical attributes—led to some of the most important theoretical and political movements of the last thirty years of the twentieth century; these movements ranged from black feminism to the anti-AIDS campaigns to the community-based worker organizing described above, and they have, in turn, profoundly affected community organizers and their ideas.
Such identity politics rejected the idea that everything could be reduced to class, that certain fights could wait until the class war was won, that all of these differences were just distractions from the war against the bosses. I rather love how Sen breaks down why this is terribly wrong:
First, activists exploring identity politics developed the idea that identities that had been considered biological are socially constructed.
Second, activists developed the idea that these social constructions create vastly different experiences among people as they relate to the institutions of private and public life. In acknowledging this difference in life experience, activists were forced to grapple with the reality that black autoworkers require voting reform as well as union membership or that women might rebel against the nuclear family because that structure burdens them a great deal more than it does men or that black women's priority gender issue might be welfare while white women's might be abortion.
Third, identity politics raised the idea that one solution might not fit all: controlling capital might not prevent institutional racism; third world liberation might not address women's oppression. Activists observed that movements for one kind of liberation might not embrace the issues that would lead to other kinds of liberation (lx)
Those who could not find their place in traditional Left movements left to found their own groups around these different dimensions of struggle, and they were vilified for it. Sen describes a
… growing resentment among white leftists (including many community organizers) toward the attention afforded identity-based movements, as well as a troubling nostalgia for universal labor and populist movements that regularly excluded people of color, encouraged nativist violence, and kept women out of the paid labor force. As Kelley (1997) writes, "They either don't understand or refuse to acknowledge that class is lived through race and gender. There is no universal class identity, just as there is no universal racial or gender or sexual identity. The idea that race, gender and sexuality are particular whereas class is universal not only presumes that class struggle is some sort of race and gender-neutral terrain but takes for granted that movements focused on race, gender and sexuality necessarily undermine class unity and, by definition, cannot be emancipatory for the whole." Researcher of conservative movements Jean Hardisty puts it more bluntly when she writes, "To the heterosexual, white, male leaders of the Old Left, class oppression (and hence the demands of the labor movement) was the movement's principal concern. The neglect of 'other' oppressions stems from their lack of relevance to that leadership" (1999, p. 197). (lxii)
This break has not been closed in Sen's view, she writes:
Identity movements and community organizing have both been growing but largely along parallel tracks; they speak little to each other and share few issues and resources. The question is how to achieve the goal of scale without leaving important non-majority issues and constituencies by the wayside. (lxiii)
CTWO's work, and the rest of this book, is beginning a conversation about how this might be possible.
[Sen, Rinku (2003) <em>Stir It Up: Lessons in Community Organizin and Advocacy</em>. San Francisco: Chardon Press.]
AcornAlinskyCommunity Organisationscommunity organzingCTWOgenderIAFmovementPICOracestruggle


text:
Saint-Christophe és un municipi francès situat al departament del Charente Marítim i a la regió de la Nova Aquitània. L'any 2007 tenia 1.136 habitants.

Demografia

Població
El 2007 la població de fet de Saint-Christophe era de 1.136 persones. Hi havia 422 famílies de les quals 78 eren unipersonals (43 homes vivint sols i 35 dones vivint soles), 156 parelles sense fills, 180 parelles amb fills i 8 famílies monoparentals amb fills.

La població ha evolucionat segons el següent gràfic:

Habitants censats

Habitatges
El 2007 hi havia 472 habitatges, 434 eren l'habitatge principal de la família, 14 eren segones residències i 25 estaven desocupats. 455 eren cases i 15 eren apartaments. Dels 434 habitatges principals, 339 estaven ocupats pels seus propietaris, 88 estaven llogats i ocupats pels llogaters i 7 estaven cedits a títol gratuït; 1 tenia una cambra, 11 en tenien dues, 32 en tenien tres, 130 en tenien quatre i 260 en tenien cinc o més. 353 habitatges disposaven pel capbaix d'una plaça de pàrquing. A 159 habitatges hi havia un automòbil i a 247 n'hi havia dos o més.

Piràmide de població
La piràmide de població per edats i sexe el 2009 era:

Economia
El 2007 la població en edat de treballar era de 753 persones, 585 eren actives i 168 eren inactives. De les 585 persones actives 538 estaven ocupades (282 homes i 256 dones) i 47 estaven aturades (21 homes i 26 dones). De les 168 persones inactives 70 estaven jubilades, 55 estaven estudiant i 43 estaven classificades com a «altres inactius».

Ingressos
El 2009 a Saint-Christophe hi havia 440 unitats fiscals que integraven 1.206,5 persones, la mediana anual d'ingressos fiscals per persona era de 17.897 €.

Activitats econòmiques
Dels 44 establiments que hi havia el 2007, 1 era d'una empresa alimentària, 1 d'una empresa de fabricació d'altres productes industrials, 21 d'empreses de construcció, 4 d'empreses de comerç i reparació d'automòbils, 2 d'empreses de transport, 1 d'una empresa d'hostatgeria i restauració, 2 d'empreses d'informació i comunicació, 2 d'empreses financeres, 2 d'empreses immobiliàries, 5 d'empreses de serveis, 1 d'una entitat de l'administració pública i 2 d'empreses classificades com a «altres activitats de serveis».

Dels 17 establiments de servei als particulars que hi havia el 2009, 1 era un taller de reparació d'automòbils i de material agrícola, 7 paletes, 3 guixaires pintors, 1 fusteria, 2 electricistes, 2 empreses de construcció i 1 perruqueria.

L'únic establiment comercial que hi havia el 2009 era una fleca.

L'any 2000 a Saint-Christophe hi havia 13 explotacions agrícoles que ocupaven un total de 672 hectàrees.

Equipaments sanitaris i escolars
El 2009 hi havia una escola elemental.

Poblacions més properes
El següent diagrama mostra les poblacions més properes.

Referències

 Résumé statistique Fitxa resum de dades estadístiques de Saint-Christophe a l'INSEE.
 Évolution et structure de la population Fitxa amb el detall de dades de Saint-Christophe a l'INSEE
 France par commune Dades detallades de tots els municipis de França accessibles a partir del mapa.

Municipis del Charente Marítim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Brazilian prosecutor investigates Michel Temer on suspicion of corruption. Now she wants to arrest the former president.
Against the former Brazilian president Michel Temer an arrest warrant has been issued for corruption allegations. The news agency AP reports, citing prosecutors. The television broadcaster Globo News reports that Temer was arrested in São Paulo.
Politicians and officials of the country.
The biggest corruption scandal in Latin America, Lava Jato ("car wash"), is also being investigated against Temer. Among other things, he is said to have threaded the payment of bribes to the then Energy Minister Moreira Franco when awarding an energy project.
In the course of the Lava Jato investigation around the parastatal oil company Petrobras stand in Brazil Dozens of politicians, officials and entrepreneurs under suspicion. Former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has already been sentenced to a long prison sentence for corruption.


text:
We've recently published a report on the Social Worker Workforce Planning data 2016-17. The report aims to support local authorities and Social Care Wales in planning for future workforce needs and to inform the commissioning of social worker training in Wales.
New tool reveals Wales' "thriving places"
'Thriving Places Wales' launched on 24 April is a new and innovative way of measuring well-being and the conditions which allow people and places to thrive in Wales.
'Thriving Places Wales' is the most comprehensive analysis of how local conditions for well-being vary across Wales. Data is shown at a local authority level and is assessed against three main dimensions - local conditions, sustainability and equality. The data is supported by over 50 separate measures covering areas such as health, education and work.
For more information about the tool, please contact Duncan Mackenzie.
Data Cymru – putting data and intelligence at the heart of public service delivery…
With a dynamic new brand our strategic plan describes an exciting new future which will see Data Cymru at the forefront of all things data in Wales!
You can read our plan here.
If you would like to talk to us about opportunities to collaborate in this exciting journey, please get in touch by emailing enquiries@data.cymru or call 029 2090 9500.
New third sector online Data Hub is launched!
We are pleased to have supported the Wales Council for Voluntary Action (WCVA) in developing its new online Data Hub. Its launch marks an important first step in bringing together evidence about the sector in Wales in a single, dynamic resource. The Hub was launched at the WCVA's gofod3 event on 8 March. The Data Hub, which is unique to the UK, puts the third sector under the microscope, revealing heroic efforts of charities, social enterprises and other bodies to deliver significant benefits, often to the most vulnerable. We look forward to continuing to work with WCVA to develop the Hub further.
To access the Hub please visit the WCVAs website.


text:
module Badges
  module DefinitionsSupport
    def setup
      badges.each do |badge|
        if existing_badge = Badge.find_by(name: badge[:name])
          existing_badge.update_attributes(badge)
        else
          Badge.create(badge)
        end
      end
    end
  end
end


Help young kids learn the fundamentals of soccer during P.E. class or let students run and kick freely during recess with this MacGregor® Rubber Soccer Ball. Whether athletes decide they prefer attacking positions or like to guard the goal, this soccer ball retains its shape thanks to its nylon-wound butyl bladder, which gives consistent performance as players hone their skills on offense and defense. You can teach your students how to dribble, pass and shoot on the pitch all season long, as the extended-life design and molded rubber construction hold up to hour after hour of play.


The film's opening motorcycle chase offers a short glimpse of Lion Rock and Ngau Chi Wan's Choi Hung Estate.
Action Cinema nerd 4 life, especially 70s and 80s Hong Kong flicks. My blog is all about filming locations, behind the scenes stuff etc.


There is one, an ultimate, undeniable method to stay in shape! Fell in love with being active!
Do you want to stay in shape, feel good in your body and stop forcing yourself to go to the gym? There is only one way to do it! You have to fell in love with being active!
Of course, that is easy to say. But how should that work in reality? We all know that forced love usually does not end well ;). And for sure I don't want you to end up broken-hearted!
Starting small is important. Everything needs time! Small steps at the beginning will take you much further in the future. Start your exercises twice per week at a beginner level. You don't need to end your training sweaty and exhausted. Give yourself a rest whenever you need it during the workout, do not overdo! You will remember train with pain, and it will be much harder to motivate yourself next time to stand up from the couch and train. You will see that after a few weeks or months you will feel stronger and be able to give more on each training and stay in shape.
Do gym exercises, and aerobics makes you feel bored and unmotivated already when you think about it?
I totally understand! I do not enjoy it so much as well, instead find your passion! There are plenty of different kind of classes offers now. Staying in shape and healthy doesn't mean you have to go to the gym.
Are you getting goosebumps while watching "Dirty Dancing" or you have never missed an episode of "You can dance"? Try dancing! Training any dance style is a perfect exercise plus you will learn some moves you can later use on the dancefloor!
Try to think about anything you always liked to try, maybe as a child, perhaps now. Something that looks cool for you or you are always impressed by people who can do something particular.There is no better motivation than finding joy in what you do and want to learn something new!
Are you a busy person and you don't want training to take away these few hours that you have for yourself, your family and friends?
Sorry, but that is not an excuse! Even better, take your daughter, boyfriend, friend or sister and start training together. You will keep each other motivated, and the work out will be much more fun. Maybe you will even bond stronger?
I highly advise against crazy diets while you start working out! You need your energy and being hungry will make you feel more like staying under a blanket and not losing any more power instead of working out. It is important to eat healthily to stay in shape. Get rid of sugar and sweets, white bread and fast- foods. Eat more proteins and eat regularly. For healthy recipes and diet bits of advice visit: "taste of health".
Many of us still don't know how important it is to stay hydrated. Drink water after your workout but try not to exaggerate with quantity before training- it may make you feel heavy, and your belly won't feel right.
Did you see all these cute yoga leggings, sports bras, and colourful trainers? I am obsessed with them! If you are a fashion lover or like to dress up check out "justfirefits" for inspirational work- out looks! You can add a bit of makeup- use waterproof mascara and body spray. Avoid fluids as your skin should be able to breathe during your training. Invest a bit in your training outfit, and you won't be able to wait to try them on!
Group training or team games are a perfect way to make new friends. You will keep each other motivated, start discussions about your join passion, share new tips or maybe even joining some cool events together! This way your passion will grow, and you will be happy you can share it with someone!
Thank you for reading! I hope you enjoyed it!


This Newcastle United Away Jersey 2014 – 2015 has been designed by Puma and will be seen during the 2014 – 2015 football season. The Newcastle away football shirt is a brand new design and is part of the 2014 – 2015 away football kit that the Newcastle United team will wear during their away fixtures this season. At Soccer Box you can kit yourself to support Newcastle at all the matches with a range of home, away and third football kits, shirts, jerseys and many more great Newcastle United merchandise and accessories.
Newcastle had a difficult season and struggled towards the bottom of the Premier League. Fans are hoping for a much improved 2014 – 2015 football season and their loyal fans will be looking forward to cheer their heroes on. The Newcastle away football shirt is a flamboyant new design that will look great on any true Geordie fan while supporting their team during the 2014 – 2015 football season. The away football shirt is a classic short sleeved design with a smart v-shaped neckline ensuring a modern twist to the football shirt.
The grey color of the Newcastle away football shirt is great when also bought with the 2014 -2015 Newcastle United home football shirt so you can support your team at every match during the 2014 – 20145 football season. Black trim completes the away football shirt around the sleeves and neckline. The club emblem is proudly printed on the front of the away football shirt and the puma logo is on the front and sleeves in blue stitching. The Newcastle football shirt and kit sponsor is printed on the front and the away shirt is complete with NUFC printed in black on the back of the football shirt. The away football shirt is made from 100% Polyester. Mesh fabric enables air to circulate around the football shirt so you stay cool while supporting your team.
The away shirt is made by Puma who are the official football shirt and kit supplier for the Newcastle football team. Puma have included their dryCELL system that will actively remove moisture and sweat from your body. Before completing your order for your Newcastle away football shirt why not add the option to personalise the football shirt. We can print official Premier League letters, numbers and sleeve patches to the shirt in your favourite players name or why not add your own name to your away shirt and support Newcastle in style during the 2014 – 2015 football season.
At Soccer Box you can get all the latest 2014 – 2015 Newcastle united football shirts. We stock the full range of football shirts, jerseys, kits and many more great merchandise.


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US Open Tennis Championship in Tickets
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Event History: US Open Tennis Tickets
This tournament was first played in 1881 at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island, where it remained for the next 34 years. During that time, U.S. Open tennis tickets typically brought in high society, although today, people from around the world come to see tennis greats at their finest.
Six years after the first tournament, which featured only men's singles, a women's championship was held at the Germantown Cricket Club in Philadelphia, followed by a doubles championship two years later, a mixed doubles championship and a men's double championship in 1900. It wasn't until 1968 that all five tournaments were merged together in a single event at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York.
Today, the event, which takes place over two weekends in August and September, provides multiple venues for pros and amateurs to compete in all five events.
Memorable Highlights with US Open Tennis Tickets
People who purchase U.S. Open tennis tickets are privy to some of the most dramatic moments in sports history. John McEnroe has provided many of those moments, with more wins by men in all competitions at this event than any other tennis player in history. McEnroe boasts four singles and four doubles crowns.
Martina Navratilova is another superstar that has given U.S. Open tennis ticket holders many thrills, with four singles titles, nine doubles titles and three mixed doubles titles.
The year 1991 was a particularly exciting one for those with U.S. Open tennis tickets. During this event, Richard Krajicek managed to hit 49 aces in the semi-finals, only to lose to Yevgeny Kafelnikov in the final five sets that year.
In 2004, a new record was set for the fastest serve in U.S. Open history. Taylor Dent's speedy serve was clocked at 145 miles per hour, the fastest since 1991.
Most who purchase U.S. Open tennis tickets are fans of the sport who come out in force to watch their favorite athletes perform live. More than 600 athletes attempt to compete each year for the richest tennis tournament in the world today, with more than $14.5 million in prize money at stake. Sports enthusiasts that enjoy watching the intensity and energy of tennis will get their fill with U.S. Open tennis tickets each year.
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