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BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
Kinetic and kinematic differences between deadlifts and goodmornings
Florian Schellenberg1,
Julia Lindorfer1,2,
Renate List1,
William R Taylor1 &
Silvio Lorenzetti1
Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy & Technology volume 5, Article number: 27 (2013) Cite this article
In order to improve training performance, as well as avoid overloading during prevention and rehabilitation exercises in patients, the aim of this study was to understand the biomechanical differences in the knee, hip and the back between the exercises "Goodmornings" (GMs) and "Deadlifts" (DLs).
The kinetics and kinematics of 13 subjects, performing GMs and DLs with an additional 25% (GMs), 25% and 50% (DLs) body weight (BW) on the barbell were analysed. Using the kinetic and kinematic data captured using a 3D motion analysis and force plates, an inverse approach with a quasi-static solution was used to calculate the sagittal moments and angles in the knee, hip and the trunk. The maximum moments and joint angles were statistically tested using ANOVA with a Bonferroni adjustment.
The observed maximal flexion angle of the knee was 5.3 ± 6.7° for GMs and 107.8 ± 22.4° and 103.4 ± 22.6° for DLs with 25% and 50% BW respectively. Of the hip, the maximal flexion angle was 25% smaller during GMs compared to DLs. No difference in kinematics of the trunk between the two exercises was observed. For DLs, the resulting sagittal moment in the knee was an external flexion moment, whereas during GMs an external extension moment was present. Importantly, no larger sagittal knee joint moments were observed when using a heavier weight on the barbell during DLs, but higher sagittal moments were found at the hip and L4/L5. Compared to GMs, DLs produced a lower sagittal moment at the hip using 25% BW while generating the same sagittal moment at L4/L5.
The two exercises exhibited different motion patterns for the lower extremities but not for the trunk. To strengthen the hip while including a large range of motion, DLs using 50% BW should be chosen. Due to their ability to avoid knee flexion or a knee flexion moment, GMs should be preferentially chosen over DLs as ACL rupture prevention exercises. Here, in order to shift the hamstring to quadriceps ratio towards the hamstrings, GMs should be favoured ahead of DLs using 50% BW before DLs using 25% BW.
Strength training exercises such as Deadlifts (DLs) or Goodmornings (GMs) are commonly used in prevention programs for reducing the risk of ACL injury or for rehabilitating low back pain patients, as well as during training to increase an athlete's specific performance, where the loading conditions play an important role on both the passive and active musculoskeletal structures. Here, exercise kinematics play a key role for governing the lifting mechanics, and therefore modulating the risk of injury and level of performance [1]. In 1999 in Switzerland, the most frequent injuries during fitness training were the shoulder 24.4%, back 16.6%, thigh 11.0% and knee 8.8% [2]. The reasons for injury were predominantly attributed to overloading (45.6%) and wrong execution of the exercise (21.1%) [2]. Despite these statistics, a complete biomechanical understanding of the loading conditions of many exercises during strength training remains lacking.
The DL is a multi-joint resistance exercise that is performed in a variety of training settings [3]. It begins with the lifter in a squat position, with arms straight and pointing downwards, with an alternating hand grip on the bar [1]. The movement includes mainly an extension of the knee and hip until the body reaches an upright standing position. The lifting exercise then uses the following muscles: gluteus maximus, erector spinae, hamstrings, quadriceps, trapezius, rhomboideus, deltoideus and finger flexors [4]. Due to the fact that the DL is a closed chain exercise [5], it is often used in the prevention of and rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction to improve strength of the muscular structures that surround the knee and hence dynamic stability of the joint [6–8]. The DL is also one of the three disciplines in powerlifting. The biomechanics of the lift have been studied extensively during competition, focusing on the sumo and conventional styles [1, 6, 9], where the maximal isometric forces in four different positions during DLs were shown to result in a higher potential to increase the force toward the end of the DL (from 3380 to 5829 N) [10]. Training using these exercises has also been clearly related to functional adaptation of the spine, where the annual lifted loads of power-lifters has been shown to correlate with the bone mineral content in L3 [11]. However, the increased forward trunk tilt during DL lift-off may predispose the spine and back musculature to an increased risk of injury [11, 12]. In response to this, Cholewicki and co-workers [12] demonstrated that a more upright trunk at lift-off is able to reduce anterior shear force at the lumbar L4/L5 joint. Furthermore, Escamilla and co-workers [1] showed the importance of keeping the barbell mass as close as possible to the body in order to minimise injury risk to the back as well as to enhance performance. No statistically significant differences were found in this study between the kinematics of high and low-skilled lifters, but they did show differences regarding how the barbell passed the knee: Highly skilled lifters kept the barbell mass closer to the body than less-skilled lifters.
The GM exercise is an assistance movement utilized primarily by weight lifters to strengthen the extensors of the torso, the gluteus, hamstrings and erector spinae[13]. Starting in an upright standing position and with the barbell on the shoulders, the hips are progressively flexed until maximum hip flexion is reached, but the knees remained straight throughout. GMs are a good exercise for specifically conditioning lumbar-thoracic flexion and extension of the back [14], but for all level of performance, good lifting technique is required when approaching near maximal effort to avoid acute injury or long-term damage. Here, the low back must have sufficient strength to keep the body in the correct position, since high erector spinae forces are known to occur, resulting in high shear and compressive forces at the level of L5/S1 [15]. The authors stated the importance of sufficiently conditioned lower back musculature and proper sport technique for reducing the risk of back injury [15, 16]. In the review of Carpenter DM and Nelson BW [17], the recommendation for low back pain patients was to train using lumbar extension reconditioning exercises with the pelvis stabilized in a specific, progressive and intensive manner, since this was shown to lead to the most favourable improvements in low back strength, muscle cross-sectional area and vertebral bone mineral density. The latter recommendation is in agreement with the general finding that strength training is able to relieve low back pain [18].
During lifting, it is well known that the main part of the axial loading of the spine is due to the large muscle and ligament forces applied over small internal lever arms. Importantly, it is thought that the amount of lumbar flexion (reduction in lordosis) determines the amount of ligamentous involvement in internal loading generation [19, 20], which may or may not be present during heavy lifts [21]. Due to the smaller lever arms of the ligaments compared to the muscles, preserving sufficient lordosis when lifting can reduce the bone-on-bone loading between the vertebral bodies due to lower posterior ligament tension [21]. However, the preservation of 1-3° margin from full lumbar flexion seems to be sufficient to avoid overloading, and this is consistent with the kinematics observed in highly skilled lifters [21].
GMs and DLs are comparable in their ability to train agility, speed and power in all sport types [22], including typical strength exercises for ACL rehabilitation [23], but also for potential injury risk during exercising [24]. Despite the widespread use of GMs and DLs, the critical differences in lower limb and trunk motion, and more importantly the resulting loading conditions on the joints, during GMs and DLs remain unknown. This study therefore aimed to compare the segment kinematics and joint moments of the lower limbs and spine during the entire lifting action and at the point of deepest flexion during GMs and DLs in the sagittal plane.
Nine male and four female subjects with experience in weight training (average age 24.5 ± 4.3 years, mass 74 ± 11 kg, height 180 ± 7 cm) were analysed while performing DLs and GMs exercises. The study was approved by the Ethics committee of ETH Zurich, Switzerland (EK 2012-N-57). One subject provided written informed consent to the publication of their images and all subjects provided written informed consent to participate in the study.
To analyse the motion of the body, an opto-electronic system (Vicon, Oxford Metrics Group, UK) with twelve cameras (MX40) and a sampling frequency of 100 Hz was used. The ground reaction forces were measured using two 400 × 600 mm force plates (type 9281B Kistler, Winterthur Switzerland), one under each foot, with a frequency of 2 kHz. The IfB Marker Set [25], consisting of 55 markers on the legs, pelvis, shoulder and arms, 22 on the back and 2 attached to the barbell, was used (Figure 1). The markers near the spine and on the rear and forefoot had a diameter of 9 mm while 14 mm markers were used on all other segments. Each marker was attached after palpation using double sided skin friendly tape by trained personnel.
Measurement set up including the following: a) subject with the IfB Marker Set, b) barbell, c) force plates under each foot and d) 1 of the 12 Vicon cameras.
Subjects wore their normal shoes for fitness training and shorts, while females additionally wore a bikini top. After a gentle warm-up session running on a treadmill or lifting an unloaded bar, the subjects' performed the basic motion tasks [25]. The subject received standardized instructions for the two exercises (See section Standardised instructions for DLs and GMs). Both exercises started in the upright position. For the GMs, the subjects were advised not to bend their knees. A set of GMs with eight repetitions and an extra load of 25% body weight (BW) on the bar was then performed with the bar positioned on the upper trapezius muscle. Afterwards, the subjects additionally performed sets of eight repetitions each for DLs with 25% and 50% BW on the bar, with the extra loads representing a typical loading of a healthy non-powerlifters and was normalised to percentage of BW.
Standardised instructions for DLs and GMs
Stand upright with your feet approximately shoulder width apart.
Point the feet slightly outward, following the natural divergence of the feet.
Lift the thorax to a natural spine position.
Hold tension in the core muscles during execution of the exercises.
Breathe out during the ascent.
Perform the exercise at the same normal speed during the downward and upward movements.
Lowest point before turn: No flexion in the lumbar spine.
DL specific instructions:
Hold the barbell with a comfortable grip, one hand in a supinated and the other in a pronated position.
Keep the head in a horizontal view.
GM specific instructions:
Put the barbell on the rear musculus deltoideus and hold it in a comfortable hand position.
Keep the head in extension of the spine.
The motion data were reconstructed in Vicon Nexus (version 1.7.1, Oxford Metrics Group, UK). The definition of a repetition of both of the two exercises was based on the start and stop point by using the vertical velocity of the two markers attached on the barbell (vbarbell > 0.04 m/s). The repetitions were time normalized and averaged. In addition, the maximum value for each repetition was averaged. Additionally, the force plates were specifically calibrated to allow for correction of the centre of pressure (COP) [26] and hence maintain accuracy during the inverse approach. The joint centres of the knee and hip were functionally determined from the basic motion tasks [25], and the joint centre of L4/L5 was defined anatomically based on anthropometric data [27]. The external joint moments in the sagittal plane were calculated using an inverse approach with a quasi-static solution [28], taking the ground reaction force and kinematic data into account [29], and normalized to BW [30]. The flexion / extension moments at the knees and hips were averaged over both limbs. The inverse approach included the position of the joints, the forces acting on each foot, and the gravitational force of the segments [30]. Due to slow accelerations of the segments during these exercises, the inertia forces were neglected. All calculations were performed in Matlab (version 8, The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA).
The position and orientation of each segment was determined relative to the reference segments defined by the standing trial as the neutral position (0° rotation) using a least-squares fit of the corresponding marker point clouds [25]. Joint rotations were described using a helical axis approach and for clinically interpretable rotational components, the attitude vectors were decomposed along the axes of a segment fixed, orthogonal, anatomically defined joint coordinate system [25]. The joint angles, the curvature and the moments were all analysed in the sagittal plane.
The influences of the extra barbell load (25% BW and 50% BW) and the type of lift (DLs and GMs) on the maximal segmental angles of the knee and hip, on the maximal and minimal segmental angle of the pelvis relative to lumbar spine and lumbar spine relative thoracic region, on the corresponding ranges of motion (RoMs) of the knee, hip, lumbar and thoracic spines (segmental and curvature approach) as well as on the normalized maximal moments of the knee, hip and L4/L5 were analysed using a multiple repeated-measures ANOVA (with significance defined at p < 0.05). Bonferroni adjustment, for the three groups, as well as for the number of parameters, was then conducted to establish significant differences, resulting in significance defined at p < 0.0033. All eight repetitions of every subject were averaged for the statistical analyses. Statistical calculations were performed using IBM SPSS software (version 21, SPSS AG, Zurich, Switzerland).
Knee and hip
The observed maximal knee and hip rotations in the sagittal plane, as well as their RoMs, were significantly smaller during GMs than during DLs (Table 1). The typical observed intrasubject standard deviation over eight repetitions of the maximal joint angles of the knee and hip as well as of their RoM was < 2.5°. These results in the knee were expected due to the type of lifting execution during GMs, where the knee remains almost straight. The smaller flexion movement of the hip during GMs could be a restriction due to the limited length of the two-joint hamstring muscles in the extended knee position. The obtained maximal knee angles during DL were slightly larger than those observed by Brown EW and Abani K [31], while the hip angles remained comparable. No changes in the maximal knee and hip angles or their corresponding RoMs were found between the loading conditions with 25% and 50% BW during DLs. The observed RoMs during DLs of the knee and hip were in agreement with those observed in the study by McGuigan MR and Wilson BD [9].
Table 1 Maximal segmental flexion angle of this and other studies[1, 6, 9, 31], range of motion (RoM) of knee, hip, pelvic-lumbar and lumbar-thoracic rotations (in degree) in the sagittal plane as well as the RoM of the curvatures (1/m) of the lumbar and the thoracic spine
During DLs, no changes between the two loading conditions (25% / 50% BW) on the barbell were found in the maximum moment about the knee in the sagittal plane. This seems rather surprising; one might expect higher loading due to the additional load on the bar (Table 2). However, it seems that a slight change of the trunk position is able to considerably modify the sagittal moments about the knee and therefore negate the effect of the extra load. In doing so, the subjects have managed to avoid additional loading at the knees. On the other hand, the hip flexion moment, as expected, increased significantly with additional weight on the barbell during DLs (Table 2).
Table 2 Mean normalized moments and standard deviations (SD) (N*m/BW) in the sagittal plane about the knee, hip and L4/L5 region for the GM with 25% extra load, DL with 25% and 50% extra load, respectively and corresponding results from other studies[1, 6, 12, 15, 31]
During GMs, an external extension moment acted at the knee, while during DLs, from a knee flexion angle of 25° and higher, the moment produced was a flexion moment (Figure 2). The maximum external knee moments during DLs (Table 2) were comparable to knee moments in the studies of Escamilla and co-workers [1, 6], although they used much higher barbell loads. Contrary to this finding, the studies of Cholewicki J, McGill SM and Norman RW [12] and Brown EW and Abani K [31] showed slightly lower knee moments in comparison to the present study (Table 2).
Normalized knee moments in the sagittal plane [N*m/BW] (positive for external knee flexion moment) averaged over all repetitions for all subjects during Goodmornings and Deadlifts with corresponding knee flexion angle ([°], zero represents a straight leg, defined on the basis of the standing trial) compared to the squat exercise (data taken from [30]). *: Starting point of the eccentric phase at the upright position; blue: DL with 25% extra load; red: DL with 50% extra load; green: GM with 25% extra load; blue dotted: squats with 25% extra load; red dotted: squats with 50% extra load.
With the same extra load (25% BW), the sagittal moments about the hip were significantly larger during GMs compared to DLs (Table 2). However, the sagittal hip moments calculated for the current study were 2 to 6 times smaller than the aforementioned studies [1, 6, 12, 31] (Table 2), but this is in line with the reduced barbell loading and was therefore entirely expected.
The largest extension moment at the knee was, in fact, observed during GMs (Table 2). It should be noted that GMs are a rather isometric exercise for the knee flexors, but the hamstrings undergo eccentric and concentric contraction due to motion at the hip (Figure 2). At the same extra weight, the RoM of the hip throughout the exercise was significantly smaller but the hip sagittal moment significantly larger during GMs compared to DLs (Figure 3). The largest RoMs and the highest sagittal moment in the hip were observed during DLs with 50% extra load (Figure 3).
Normalized hip moment in the sagittal plane [N*m/BW] averaged over all repetitions and all subjects (positive for external hip flexion moment) with corresponding hip flexion angle ([°], zero represents a straight hip, defined on the basis of the standing trial) compared to the squat exercise (data taken from [30]). *: starting point of the eccentric phase at the upright position; blue: DL with 25% extra load; red: DL with 50% extra load; green: GM with 25% extra load; blue dotted: squats with 25% extra load; red dotted: squats with 50% extra load.
The motion and loading patterns of DLs were observed to be similar to squats [30]. Here, the maximum knee flexion angle was within a few percent (<4%) whereas the maximal flexion moment in the knee was higher for squats with 50% extra load (Figure 2). Larger differences were observed in the hip, however, where the maximal flexion moment during DLs was at least 50% larger (Figure 3).
Relevant outcomes for ACL injury prevention
A number of studies have identified the force ratio of the quadriceps to hamstring (H:Q) as a risk factor for ACL rupture [32], especially in women [33]. Holcomb and co-workers [33] used, amongst other exercises, GMs and straight leg DLs to modify the H:Q ratio by training within 6 weeks. For the training of multi-joint muscles, such as the M. semimembranosus and semitendinosus, the joint angles of the hip and the knee, as well as their corresponding moments, should be taken into account. Based on the finding that maximal external extension moment in the knee (Figure 2) and a flexion moment in the hip were observed during GMs (Figure 3), it follows that GMs might provide an effective strategy for focused strengthening of the hamstrings. This finding is in agreement with the study of Ebben W [32], who demonstrated the importance of hamstring training for the potential reduction of ACL injuries and who further recommended GM training to be included as a preventative measure.
One new and notable outcome of this study is that no larger external knee moments were observed by a larger extra load on the barbell during DLs (Table 2). Compared to squats [30], DLs have the advantage that the flexion moment in the knee is smaller (Figure 2) but the flexion moment in the hip is larger (Figure 3) using the same extra load. Therefore, based on the observed kinetics and kinematics of the strength exercises, the following ranking is suggested in order to shift the H:Q ratio towards H: GM, DL 50%, DL 25% and squats.
Neither the RoMs of the lumbar and the thoracic curvatures, nor the maximal and minimal flexion and extension angles of the pelvic-lumbar and the lumbar-thoracic segments, were affected by the execution or the extra weight on the barbell (Table 1).
The flexion moment in the L4/L5 region was significantly higher during DLs than GMs due to the additional load on the barbell (Table 2). However, the two exercises produce the same loading conditions at the L4/L5 region using the same load on the barbell (Table 2). Previously presented data of normalized moments in L4/L5 using 259% BW load during conventional DLs [12] were larger compared to the values of the present study (Table 2). However, the study from Burnett A, Beard A and Netto K [15] showed smaller moments at L4/L5 during Romanian deadlift exercises compared to the present study, even though they used much higher normalized weights on the barbell (133% BW extra load). During GMs, Burnett and co-workers [15] found higher moments at L4/L5 compared to the present study, which could be explained by the heavier extra loading on the barbell (72% BW extra load).
Surprisingly, the relationship between the L4/L5 moment and the lumbar curvature in the sagittal plane was different between the concentric and the eccentric phases of lifting; especially during DLs using 50% extra weight (Figure 4). During the eccentric phase, the lumbar back maintained its higher curvature longer compared to the concentric phase with the same sagittal moment (Figure 4). Due to the fact that the flexion moments at L4/L5 were similar for the two exercises with 25% BW extra load (Table 2) and no differences in the RoM of curvature or the segmental kinematics of the back were observed (Table 1), from a biomechanical point of view, the two execution types are comparable for the trunk. As a result, differences between the exercises of the kinematics and mechanics in the lower limbs should be considered more relevant.
Normalized L4/L5 moment in the sagittal plane [N*m/BW] averaged over all repetitions and all subjects (positive for external L4/L5 flexion moment) with corresponding lumbar curvature [1/m]. *: starting point of the eccentric phase at the upright position; blue: DL with 25% extra load; red: DL with 50% extra load; green: GM with 25% extra load.
In order to optimize the training effect of the quadriceps, a large RoM [34] and external flexion moment in the knee is demanded. It follows that the DL is the preferable exercise for quadriceps training, although the extra load did not affect the sagittal moment in the knee. During squatting, similar RoMs in the knee, but higher moments in the sagittal plane and a load dependency of the moments have been observed [30].
To train the M. gluteus maximus, GMs produce a higher sagittal moment but a smaller range of motion than DLs. If a large range of motion is required, DLs are therefore considered the better choice. The small RoM in the knee suggests that GMs should be chosen before DLs at the early stage of rehabilitation for subjects with a previous knee injury. Furthermore, GMs are suited to avoid external flexion moments at the knee. The magnitude of the resulting extension moments during GM is similar to the magnitude of the flexion moment during DLs.
DLs and GMs show different motion and loading patterns for the lower extremities, where the knee remains almost straight during GMs, hence producing a large extension moment. The maximal knee and hip angle, as well as the RoMs of the knee and hip, are smaller during GMs than DLs. Kinematically, the DL is not generally affected by the extra weight on the barbell. The flexion moment at the knee during DLs is also not influenced by the additional 25% load, however, the sagittal moment in the hip is higher during DLs using 50% BW extra load. Based on the higher sagittal moments in the hip and the L4/L5 region with higher barbell loads, great care should be taken to ensure core stability of the trunk during lifting due to high loading of the spine, especially when training with higher extra loads. Finally, for prevention of ACL injuries, GM are recommended for training the hamstrings to quadriceps ratio.
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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/2052-1847/5/27/prepub
We like to thank to Dr. Hans Gerber, Marco Hitz and Peter Schwilch for the technical support.
Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, HCI E 351, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
Florian Schellenberg, Julia Lindorfer, Renate List, William R Taylor & Silvio Lorenzetti
Department of Sports Engineering & Biomechanics, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Höchstädtplatz 6, 1200, Wien, Austria
Julia Lindorfer
Florian Schellenberg
Renate List
William R Taylor
Silvio Lorenzetti
Correspondence to Silvio Lorenzetti.
FS and JL acquired the data, and undertook the data analyses including the preparation of the tables and figures. FS furthermore performed the statistical analysis and helped drafting the manuscript. RL supported the measurement set up, data analysis and helped drafting the manuscript. BT helped in both interpreting the data and drafting the manuscript. SL made the concept and design of this study, supervised the data analyses and interpretation and helped drafting the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Schellenberg, F., Lindorfer, J., List, R. et al. Kinetic and kinematic differences between deadlifts and goodmornings. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 5, 27 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-1847-5-27
Trunk movement
Loading conditions
Training, injury prevention, and biomechanics
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Supply-demand economic concepts have been around for at least 6 months now. When will these concepts get their proper due?
I have the same issue with a JP Morgan AAA CMO. I've been expecting some pressure on it over the last year but it has been holding up in the high nineties. Now just in the last month I see it at 67. I'm suspecting that it wasn't fully marked to the market in the nineties and I'm going to check with my bond desk to see what a true bid ask is currently.
I can't comment on the specific bonds you have listed but I have seen this happen. In the cases I am aware of, there was no bid on these bonds for quite a while, so the B/D just listed the last available trade price. Now some of these bonds are starting to be picked up at pennies on the dollar, therefore giving a more recent price, therefore the large drop.
from BOBD: I also have some of the same credit suisse. Any replys as to devaluation?


The media often hype the benefits of 'superfoods' to protect against or even cure cancer. But keeping weight down and taking exercise are known to offer far greater protection than any individual food or nutrient – however full of antioxidants it may be. How can health professionals support their patients to sort fact from fiction and make the necessary changes?


Two killer drivers who callously left their victims for dead have each been jailed for under eight years, prompting an urgent call for tougher sentences.
Banned driver Craig Edwards was locked up for seven years for killing grandfather John Hickinbottom.
He lost control of his vehicle and mounted the pavement, knocking down the 74-year-old.
Speeding motorist Kade Scrivens was sentenced to seven and a half years for hitting cyclist Nicholas Harrison. Scrivens was speeding and driving on the wrong side of the road.
Both sentences have been criticised by road safety campaigner Gez McManus and Walsall North MP Eddie Hughes, who is to raise the matter in Parliament.
Mr McManus, whose 21-year-old daughter Rebecca was killed by a speeding driver in Bearwood four years ago, said: "Enough is enough.
"Something needs to change to stop people getting behind the wheel and driving so dangerously, causing misery to the families of the innocent people killed.
Both Mr McManus and Mr Hughes are supporting a campaign by the Express & Star launched today for tougher sentences for killer drivers.
The two cases were heard before Wolverhampton Crown Court this week.
The court heard how Edwards got behind the wheel despite pleas from his mother to hand over the keys to his BMW 320 because he was drunk.
He travelled just a quarter of a mile before losing control of the car as it sped down at almost twice the 30 mph limit along Bentley Road North in Walsall.
Taking a right-hand bend he careered on to the pavement, hitting Mr Hickinbottom, a retired builder from Bentley, who died three days later, last June.
The 29-year-old defendant, of Cumberland Road, Walsall, had 15 previous convictions for 34 offences, including two previous cases of dangerous driving.
But he was jailed for seven years after admitting causing death by dangerous driving, failing to stop at the scene of an accident, driving when disqualified, drink driving and having no insurance.
He was also banned from driving for four-and-a-half years on release from prison.
In the second case heard on Tuesday, Scrivens, 24, drove a BMW at 'grossly excessive' speeds before losing control while exiting a roundabout on Midland Road in Darlaston.
He veered onto the opposite side of the road, hitting cyclist Mr Harrison, who had been riding home from work at Yodel along a cycle lane.
Mr Harrison, aged 59, was also a steward of 20 years at West Bromwich Albion.
Scrivens fled the crash in November – only to hand himself in to police 55 hours later.
Judge Simon Ward said Scrivens, of Booth Street, Handsworth, had waited so long to turn himself in was because he had been driving while drunk or on drugs.
Scrivens, who pleaded guilty to causing death by dangerous driving, was jailed for seven and a half years and disqualified from driving for three years.
Last night Mr Hughes said the sentences were not long enough, adding he would look to speak on the issue in Parliament at the next opportunity.
He said: "Ultimately, whatever weapon you use to kill someone – it is just as powerful to use a car as a gun – we need parity in how it is dealt with.


OAKLAND, Calif. (AP) - Wins have been so hard to come by for the Oakland Raiders that it took three tries at the final play for them finally to pull this one out and possibly save their season.
Derek Carr threw a 2-yard touchdown pass to Michael Crabtree on the final play after the game was extended by two straight defensive holding calls and the Raiders snapped a four-game losing streak with a 31-30 victory over the Kansas City Chiefs on Thursday night.
With their season on the line following the recent slump, Carr led an 85-yard touchdown drive in the final 2:25 to give the Raiders (3-4) the thrilling comeback in a game they trailed by nine points heading into the fourth quarter.
Carr finished 29 for 52 for 417 yards and three touchdowns, with Amari Cooper catching 11 passes for 210 yards and two of the scores. The Raiders had struggled to get the ball downfield while being held to 17 or fewer points in four straight games but Carr repeatedly beat the Chiefs with deep passes.
Alex Smith threw for 342 yards and three touchdowns but it wasn't enough for the Chiefs (5-2). They lost consecutive games for the first time since Oct. 11-18, 2015, and had their 12-game winning streak in the AFC West snapped in a thrilling finish.
The Raiders had an apparent go-ahead touchdown pass to Jared Cook with 18 seconds left overturned when replay ruled he was down at the 1. An offensive pass interference on Crabtree wiped out another touchdown on the next play.
But holding calls on Ron Parker and Eric Murray set the stage for the final play. Carr hit Crabtree in the front corner of the end zone to tie it at 30. Giorgio Tavecchio won it with the extra point , setting off a celebration on a wild night that included Oakland running back Marshawn Lynch getting ejected in the second quarter for shoving an official.
HOT TEMPERS: The game took an odd turn midway through the second quarter after Kansas City's Marcus Peters hit Carr late, angering the Raiders. Offensive linemen Kelechi Osemele and Donald Penn confronted Peters and Lynch sprinted off the Oakland sideline to join the fray. Lynch, a close friend of Peters, ended up shoving line judge Julian Mapp and getting ejected . Peters also was called for a personal foul on the play. Lynch congratulated his teammates in the locker room after the game but didn't speak to reporters.
"I was disappointed he ran out because I knew we had a 15-yard penalty and we'd be in good shape," Del Rio said.
KICKING WOES: The Raiders were hurt last week when a bad snap by Jon Condo led to a missed extra point by Giorgio Tavecchio in a 17-16 loss to the Chargers. That was Tavecchio's first missed kick of any kind this season but he then had a 53-yarder blocked and missed a 45-yarder wide left in the second quarter. Tavecchio also had a false start on an extra point in the third quarter.


On the off chance that a telephone under or around Rs 9,000 is what you're searching for, check our rundown of the 10 Best Android Phone Under 9000 in India during the current month underneath. These incorporate just 4G models supporting prominent networks, for example, Jio, Airtel 4G, Vodafone 4G and so on and the rundown covers the best Android telephones in this financial plan. Just to clear up, telephones with half-breed SIM space enable you to either put a moment SIM or a microSD card, however not both in the meantime, so it's a disservice. So here are the ten best 4G telephones under 9k during the current month.
Not to mistake you for the Camera Specs recorded previously. We've recorded the specs as (megapixels), (gap). As a rule, greater the gap, better is the camera, particularly in low light circumstances. Which implies more modest number in the denominator, the greater the gap or sensor estimate is. For instance, f/1.9 is a greater opening and than f/2.0. A greater opening camera performs much better in low light circumstances and produces more honed pictures. It additionally creates a superior brokeh.


Hey Amazon, congratulations on launching your new "app" store; now here's your lawsuit.
Amazon's "app" store for Android phones is open for business as of today. It's trying to grow its download audience with an enticing Angry Birds release. Apple, unamused with Amazon's use of "app store," is suing for trademark infringement for the use of "app store."
Following a fairly long marketing campaign, Amazon is offering a daily discount of a paid app. Today's is Angry Birds' Rio, which is normally 99 cents. Rio is also exclusive for Android users via Amazon's download shop.
Apple took Amazon.com to court, claiming the online retailer was not using the Apple "App Store" logo properly for its mobile developer program.
Bloomberg reports Apple filed a claim in March accusing Amazon of trademark infringement, asking the company to stop using the term "App Store."
"Amazon has begun improperly using Apple's App Store mark in connection with Amazon's mobile software developer program," Apple said in the complaint. Amazon also plans to use the name with a mobile software download service, the complaint states.
Apple went on to say, "Amazon has unlawfully used the App Store mark to solicit software developers throughout the United States."


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OMEGA's LC706/716 Series tension links have a female to female thread connection; LC706 with a 1.8 m (6') cable, and LC716 with an integral connector. Both series are comprised of all stainless steel. Applications include cables on cranes, support rods in architectural designs, engine test beds, suspension bridges and industrial weighing.
* ≥100,000 lb calibrated in compression.
For calibrations ≥300,000 lb, add suffix "-FS" and consult Sales for price and delivery.


Glenmark's current portfolio consists of 150 products authorized for distribution in the US marketplace.
Shares of Glenmark Pharma rose 1.7 percent intraday Tuesday after company received USFDA approval for Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide tablets.
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA has been granted final approval by the United States Food & Drug Administration (USFDA) for Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets USP, 40 mg/12.5 mg, 80 mg/12.5 mg, and 80 mg/25 mg, a generic version of Micardis HCT Tablets, of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
For the 12 month period ending January 2019, the Micardis HCT Tablets market achieved annual sales of approximately USD 40.6 million, as per IQVIATM sales data.
Glenmark's current portfolio consists of 150 products authorized for distribution in the US marketplace and 52 ANDA's pending approval with the USFDA.
At 10:42 hrs Glenmark Pharma was quoting at Rs 606, up Rs 8.70, or 1.46 percent on the BSE.


As you read above, the title of this post is "Password of [G] Tunnel V-5.2" .
[G] Tunnel V-5.2 up to 2 Login. That means, these applications can be used for SSH login or SSH tunneling up to 2 login with one username and password (multi login in one device). Multi login can be used in the launcher plink or Bitvise, but the success or failure multi login also depends on the SSH server settings.
Port 1080 is intended for those who like to use tun2sock / sock2tap. By combining it with tun2sock application / sock to tap the forwarder will work like a VPN.
Use upstream proxy: If you choose to check it, that means you want to use the proxy settings. But if you choose to uncheck it, that means you didn't want to use a proxy or usually we called it with direct connection by SSH port.
Proxy: fill it with the proxy. You can fill it with 127.0.0.1 or just type localhost Port. You Fill it with listen port of inject that you used or another proxy server.
Log "6001 Connected" means ssh forwarding successfully connected on port 6001.
Log "6002 Connected" means ssh forwarding successfully connected on port 6002.
Log "1080 Connected" means ssh forwarding successfully connected on port 1080.
Log "……… Auth Failed" means there is an error in the user or password. Check again your username and password. Expired account may cause that log shown.
Log "……… .Denied" mean ssh failed to connect.
If you need the password, you can find here.


Neville is in the kitchen, peeling potatoes.
Peter says it was your idea.
I don't think Natraj is happy right now.
I've got to go back.
Do whatever it is that he tells you to do.
Welcome to our 1st French class.
Kathleen didn't want to be alone on Valentine's Day.
That film was a great draw.
Spudboy is only three years older than Jussi.
Adam thought it was OK.
If I were to spend more time strictly studying only for myself whilst minimizing red herrings online, I'd be more of the person I want to be.
Why do it the hard way?
Mats was hospitalized for her own safety.
This tree bears ugly fruits.
"Please go there now." "Go where?"
I think you shouldn't go.
After climbing Mt. Fuji, I got the inspiration for a poem.
I can understand most of what Alastair says in French.
We've had a lot of rain this month.
Five hundred dollars is a small sum for him.
Do you think you're handsome?
Bucky was bitten by a bat.
Barton kept staring at Sylvan.
I asked Takao where he had gone.
I will do my homework.
You have been such a disappointment to your mother.
The became the band's manager.
My house is fully insured.
The man aimed a gun at the detectives.
Hunter was the one who built this house.
Which part of the word "no" do you not understand?
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I thought you might be interested in this.
Now that he's retired, Yves can look forward to a contented and placid life.
From time to time, she feels an urge to write poetry.
Ken has arrived in Kyoto.
Margot will not be here until half past two.
Why would George come back now?
Brender crushed the box with his foot.
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Perhaps Loren and Doyle are more than just friends.
Strictly speaking, the tomato is a fruit.
Sherri won't be able to babysit for us tonight.
Lenny asked me to speak to John about that.
They feasted on lobster and steak.
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She calmed down and returned home.
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A large bird landed on the windowsill.
Leonard didn't answer the question directly.
Vinegar has a sharp taste.
It's no use regretting it now.
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Handball is a very popular sport in Denmark.
Could you put those documents on my desk?
He was far from clever in his school days.
It's just not the same.
Brace yourselves! From today I'm learning the piano. Why? Because I want to become a music teacher!
In my opinion, he's innocent.
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I study English every day.
Do you have any other secrets I should know about?
Murat put his finger to his lips.
Oscar is full of surprises.
Victor told me how to get to the theater.
Did Manolis do something wrong?
Three is all we need.
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Per is on a hot streak.
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I hope that what you are eating is healthy.
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Do you remember what song it was that Nicolo sang at our wedding?
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Perry's boss told him that his performance left a lot to be desired.
Electric illuminations add to the attraction at night.
I only stole a few coins.
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I still can't really believe it.
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God may be listening to his wish.
She has two sisters. They live in Kyoto.
I listened very carefully to the member.
They demanded that the mayor should resign.
Do you see what I mean?
There's no reason why I should become a physician because my father is one.
You didn't mention that on the phone.
Our household expense got into the red last month.
Knut has been seeing a psychiatrist since October.
Craig locked the door so only he and others with keys can get into the room.
This isn't going to fix anything.
You can't judge a person by appearance, just as you can't measure the sea with a pint pot.
She left home just now.
I dropped Panzer off at his friend's house.
He is slow to learn.
The Wright Brothers spent a great deal of time observing birds in flight. They noticed that birds soared into the wind and that the air flowing over the curved surface of their wings created lift.
I didn't realize Cristina was your father.
There aren't any more comments.
There was not a breath of air.
Wendell was still in Boston this time last year.
You have to stop him.
Don't talk to them now.
Hey, your secret's safe with me.
What do you have in the box?
Bruno is being arrested right now.
There are many wild animals in this area.
Detachment provides perspective, which in turn permits a certain amount of pattern recognition.
Can I please talk to Devon?
Justin was sitting next to Maria.
Tandy has an underarm odor.
Pieter usually walks to school if it's not raining.
Ross is slurring his words. I think he's drunk quite a lot.
I'm having a good time here in Boston.


It sounds like an artist's worst nightmare: trapped in the body of a New York-based corporate lawyer. For Nathan Sawaya, it was more than just a nightmare, it was his real life. Many of us choose the artistic life because we decided early on that materialistic wealth wasn't something we were too fussed about. Those of us who've ever had to do something we didn't really want to in order to make ends meet can relate to his problem, but being a corporate lawyer seems pretty over the top. Eventually, Sawaya came to this same realization and decided to quit his lucrative job to work full time as an artist. His choice of medium? Lego bricks.
Yes, you read that correctly. Lego bricks. Not the fancy new additional pieces created to appease the ever-growing desires of today's children, just the basic block that made the company famous. According to Sawaya, he had been spending much of his leisure time trying to find the right medium for his creative expression, and after a number of unfulfilling attempts, he eventually settled on that much-beloved childhood toy that set many of us on the path to art, design and general creativity.
This isn't simply the idle fancy of a well-heeled urbanite, either - Sawaya has had his work exhibited in galleries across the United States of America, and a few places in between, such as an outdoor exhibit in New York City's Central Park. His works have been purchased by a number of well-known people from former President Bill Clinton to pop star sensation Lady Gaga. "I see the world in rectangles," he explains. "If I am talking to someone I find myself analysing their face, working out how to recreate it in bricks."
Speaking to the Guardian, he said, "Initially, I think people expected to see what they would find in a toy store. The medium makes it easy to connect with the art, but the challenge is to convey the emotion as well." It's an important lesson for all of us to learn. If you feel frustrated by the medium you're working with, try changing thingss up a bit and go in an unexpected direction. You might just find the creative breakthrough you've been searching for your whole life - and no matter what you choose, you can feel secure in the knowledge that it's a better life than that of a corporate lawyer. Even the lawyers agree on that score!


Uttar Predesh Public Services Commission is going to recruit fresher candidates in India for Assistant Conservator of Forest & Range Forest Officer Posts. So, those candidates who are willing to work with this organization they May apply for this post. Last Date of Apply 01-June-2017. Total numbers of vacancies are 137 Posts. Only those candidates are eligible who have passed Bachelor's degree with at least one of the subject namely Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Geology, Forestry, Statistics or a Bachelor's degree in Agriculture or Bachelor's degree in Engineering from a University .Indian citizen having age in between 20 to 40 years can apply for this Uttar Predesh Public Services Commission Recruitment 2017.
Those who are interested in these Uttar Predesh Public Services Commission jobs in India and meet with the whole eligibility criteria related to these Uttar Predesh Public Services Commission job below in the same post. Read the whole article carefully before applying.
Educational Criteria: Only those candidates are eligible who have passed Bachelor's degree with at least one of the subject namely Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Geology, Forestry, Statistics or a Bachelor's degree in Agriculture or Bachelor's degree in Engineering from a University.


text:
What kind of decorations do they put up for Chinese New Year?
Chinese do most of the decoration for the Spring Festival on New Year's Eve, although people begin to decorate their houses around 10 days before. Almost all decorations involved the color red and lucky images. 2020 is a year of the Rat, so rat decorations will appear. Red lanterns are most popular decorations for Chinese New Year.
Why are red lanterns important for Chinese New Year?
As a traditional folk handicraft, the Chinese red lantern now has been one of the symbols of Chinese culture and it's also a necessary decoration in various festivals, especially in the Chinese New Year, Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.
Which is the best flower for Chinese New Year?
The pussy willow is also called the silver willow, the rising buds of which symbolize a rising fortune in career. The Chinese nick name of guzmania conifer has a meaning of "Lucky Strike". Its red flower has been regarded as a lucky omen and it's also a good plant to add festivity since the red is the theme color of Chinese New Year.
What should I write on my Chinese New Year Door?
The Spring Festival Couplets, also called door couplets, are used to paste on the two sides of the doors to express good wishes of the New Year. They are always written in black ink on red paper, which is bright and elegant. The sentences of the couplets need to be written in form with symmetry and neatness.
How big are the Chinese New Year lights?
Only 2 left in stock – order soon. 13ft/4M 40 LED Red Lanterns String Lights Battery Operated Fairy String Lights For Wedding, Chinese New Year,Spring Festival,Party Decoration,Christmas. .
How are Chinese lanterns used during Chinese New Year?
Chinese lanterns are used in important festivals such as the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year to the Lantern Festival) and the Mid-Autumn Festival. During Chinese New Year it is not uncommon to see lanterns hung on trees in the streets, office buildings, and doors of houses.
Why are the characters on Chinese New Year upside down?
The fu characters are deliberately inverted. Fu means 'good fortune', and posting the character upside down means they want the 'good fortune' to "pour out" on them. The right side of the character was originally a pictogram for a jar.
Can you mix angelfish varieties?
What is another name for maximum likelihood algorithm?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Senior Hairdresser.proffessional ,reliable and caring .free consultation and advice with appointment in your own home.All proffesional products used, .....Joico ..L'oreal,.... swarzkopf.....bedhead. etc. ... GLENFIELD and surrounding areas and villages.


text:
Eredivisie (1974/1975) była 19. sezonem Eredivisie - rozgrywek o mistrzostwo Holandii w piłce nożnej. Liga skupiała 18 zespołów. Tytułu nie obroniła drużyna Feyenoord. Nowym mistrzem Holandii został zespół PSV Eindhoven. Tytuł króla strzelców zdobył Ruud Geels, który w barwach klubu AFC Ajax zdobył 30 goli.

Tabela końcowa

Zobacz też
 Eredivisie

Przypisy

Bibliografia

1974 w piłce nożnej
1975 w piłce nożnej
Pierwszy poziom rozgrywek piłkarskich w Holandii
1974 w Holandii
1975 w Holandii

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Get single ScrollableResults row I am trying to extract count(*) matching certain predicates. Every time I use createSQLQuery, I find myself having to write the code along the lines of,
// skipped code
Query q = session.createSQLQuery("select count(*) from A where id=1");
Scrollable results = q.scroll();

while ( results.next() )
{
    Object[] row = Object[] results.get();
    // Assign it
    String str = row[0];
    //set and persist
}

I have many such queries unioned over a single transaction. How do I get single result here? Am I missing something?

A: You can use this method instead:
Object[] row = (Object[]) query.uniqueResult();

If the query returns more than one result, this method will throw an exception
EDIT:
On top of that, you could use a ResultTransformer to convert the Object[] into an Integer. This would remove the need to get the result array and then extract it's first entry. See this example for more info

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange