text:
published in accordance with Art. 153(4) EPC
F02M 35/10(2006.01)
F02F 1/42(2006.01)
F02M 35/104(2006.01)
(86) International application number:
(87) International publication number:
WO 2019/130760 (04.07.2019 Gazette 2019/27)
(30) Priority: 27.12.2017 JP 2017250495
(71) Applicant: Yanmar Power Technology Co., Ltd.
Osaka-shi Osaka 530-0013 (JP)
UCHIBORI, Masataka
Osaka-shi, Osaka 530-0013 (JP)
SHIMONO, Makoto
IKETANI, Ai
(74) Representative: Dennemeyer & Associates S.A.
81304 München (DE)
(54) MULTI-CYLINDER ENGINE INTAKE STRUCTURE
(57) This multi-cylinder engine intake structure is provided with a fresh air distribution chamber 20 into which a plurality of fresh air distribution openings 25 communicating with the individual intake ports 12 are opened, and a gas collection chamber 30. The gas collection chamber 30 includes a communication region 30B into which a first communication opening 7a communicating with the fresh air distribution chamber 20 is opened, a first mixture region 30A into which an air inlet 31a and an EGR gas inlet 32a are opened and which is positioned upstream of the communication region 30B in a flow direction of a mixture gas M of air A and EGR gas R, and a second mixture region 30C positioned downstream of the communication region 30B in the flow direction of the mixture gas M.
[0001] The present invention relates to a multi-cylinder engine intake structure in which exhaust gas is partially recirculated as EGR gas for fresh air taken into multiple cylinders.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Regarding a multi-cylinder engine that performs what is termed as EGR, in a case where EGR gas is not sufficiently diffused in fresh air, a variation or fluctuation occurs in EGR rates, which are recirculation ratios of EGR gas in fresh air, among the individual cylinders, which causes deterioration in exhaust emission, such as increase of NOx concentration in exhaust gas.
[0003] As a conventional multi-cylinder engine, one having a mechanism for facilitating diffusion of EGR gas in fresh air is known (for example, see Patent Literature 1). For example, in the multi-cylinder engine described in Patent Literature 1, along the outer peripheral part of a connection part of an air introduction pipe for introducing air, which is connected to an intake chamber, there is formed an exhaust distribution chamber for introducing EGR gas. Furthermore, along the periphery of the outlet of the air introduction pipe for the intake chamber, an ejection opening of the exhaust distribution chamber is open. In such a configuration, a backflow of EGR gas caused by a large pulsation of fresh air is prevented, and EGR gas is introduced into the intake chamber in such a manner that the EGR gas surrounds the introduced air, so that mixing of the air and the EGR gas is facilitated.
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0004] Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H10-131812
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION
[0005] In the multi-cylinder engine described in above-cited Patent Literature 1, air and EGR gas are respectively introduced and merged in the intake chamber having multiple fresh air distribution openings which communicate with the individual intake ports of multiple cylinders, so that mixture gas is generated. Therefore, even though the mixing thereof is facilitated, there is a possibility that mixture gas in an insufficiently-mixed state flows into the individual intake ports and is taken into the individual cylinders as fresh air. Furthermore, in such a multi-cylinder engine, the intake chamber is formed as a space inside an intake manifold mounted to a cylinder head, and, in the intake manifold, the exhaust distribution chamber is formed in the periphery of the connection part of the air introduction pipe connected to the intake chamber, which causes complexity of the structure of the intake manifold and increase in the cost.
[0006] In view of such a situation, the main problem of the present invention is to provide a technology, regarding a multi-cylinder engine that performs EGR, for distributing mixture gas with nearly uniformly diffused EGR gas to the individual intake ports so that the mixture gas is taken into the individual cylinders as fresh air, in order to suppress deterioration in exhaust emission caused by a variation in EGR rates, with adoption of a simple and rational configuration.
MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS
[0007] The first characteristic configuration of the present invention is a multi-cylinder engine intake structure in which exhaust gas is partially recirculated as EGR gas for fresh air taken into multiple cylinders, and the multi-cylinder engine intake structure includes a fresh air distribution chamber in which a plurality of fresh air distribution openings are open, the plurality of fresh air distribution openings communicating with individual intake ports of the plurality of cylinders, and a gas collection chamber in which an air inlet for introducing the air, an EGR gas inlet for introducing the EGR gas, and a first communication opening that communicates with the fresh air distribution chamber are open, wherein the gas collection chamber includes a communication region in which the first communication opening is open, a first mixture region in which the air inlet and the EGR gas inlet are open, and a second mixture region, the first mixture region being located on an upstream side relative to the communication region along a flowing direction of mixture gas of the air and the EGR gas, the second mixture region being located on a downstream side relative to the communication region along the flowing direction of the mixture gas.
[0008] According to the present configuration, in the multi-cylinder engine that performs EGR, there is provided the gas collection chamber, which communicates with the fresh air distribution chamber via the first communication opening and into which air and EGR gas are introduced, in addition to the fresh air distribution chamber for distributing fresh air to the multiple fresh air distribution openings. That is, in the gas collection chamber, the EGR gas is made to merge with the air so as to generate mixture gas of the air and the EGR gas, and the mixture gas is introduced from the first communication opening into the fresh air distribution chamber, then the mixture gas is distributed to each fresh air distribution opening as fresh air and taken into each cylinder from each intake port.
[0009] Furthermore, on the upstream side along the flowing direction of the mixture gas in the gas collection chamber, there is provided the first mixture region in which the air inlet and the EGR gas inlet are open, and, on the downstream side relative to the first mixture region, there is provided the communication region in which the first communication opening is open, then, on the downstream side relative to the communication region, there is provided the second mixture region. Additionally, in the first mixture region located on the upstream side of the gas collection chamber, a flow of mixture gas directed toward the communication region is formed immediately after generation of the mixture gas. On the other hand, in the second mixture region located on the downstream side of the gas collection chamber, a flow of the mixture gas, which has passed through the communication region without flowing out from the first communication opening, returning and directed toward the communication region again is formed. Furthermore, in the communication region located at the central part of the gas collection chamber, the mixture gas that has arrived from the first mixture region and the mixture gas that has arrived from the second mixture region collide with each other.
[0010] In the above-described manner, in the second mixture region of the gas collection chamber, the mixing of the EGR gas with the air is facilitated with such a simple and rational configuration in which a flow of mixture gas is made to return. Furthermore, in the communication region of the gas collection chamber, the mixing of the EGR gas with the air is facilitated even more with such a simple and rational configuration in which mixture gases are made to collide with each other. Therefore, sufficiently-mixed mixture gas of air and EGR gas exists in the communication region of the gas collection chamber. Accordingly, sufficiently-mixed mixture gas can be introduced from the first communication opening into the fresh air distribution chamber, so as to be distributed to each intake port as fresh air and taken into each cylinder.
[0011] Therefore, according to the present invention, regarding a multi-cylinder engine that performs EGR, it is possible to provide a technology for distributing mixture gas with nearly uniformly diffused EGR gas to the individual intake ports so that the mixture gas is taken into the individual cylinders as fresh air, in order to suppress deterioration in exhaust emission caused by a variation in EGR rates, with adoption of a simple and rational configuration.
[0012] The second characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the fresh air distribution chamber is an internal space in a concave shape formed in a side surface part of a cylinder head, the gas collection chamber is an internal space of a collector mounted to the side surface part of the cylinder head, in a state so as to cover an opening part of the fresh air distribution chamber, and the multi-cylinder engine intake structure includes a separation plate in which the first communication opening is formed, the separation plate being intermediately mounted between the side surface part of the cylinder head and a mounting surface part of the collector to separate the fresh air distribution chamber and the gas collection chamber from each other.
[0013] According to the present configuration, since the fresh air distribution chamber is formed as an internal space in a concave shape in the side surface part of the cylinder head, it is possible to omit installation of an intake manifold separate from the cylinder head. Furthermore, by only mounting a collector in such a simple shape that does not require complex separate channels, unlike the above-described intake manifold, to the side surface part of the cylinder head in a state so as to cover the fresh air distribution chamber, it is possible to utilize the internal space of the collector as the gas collection chamber. Moreover, by only adopting such a simple configuration in which the separation plate including the first communication opening is intermediately mounted between the side surface part of the cylinder head and the mounting surface part of the collector, it is possible to preferably separate the fresh air distribution chamber on the cylinder head side and the gas collection chamber on the collector side from each other as well as allow the fresh air distribution chamber and the gas collection chamber to communicate with each other at the first communication opening. Additionally, by adopting such a configuration as described above, it is possible to easily change the size, shape, or the like, of the first communication opening formed in the separation plate, and, accordingly, it is possible to easily adjust the mixture situation of air and EGR gas in the gas collection chamber, as is preferred.
[0014] The third characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the fresh air distribution chamber is an internal space in a concave shape formed in a side surface part of a cylinder head, the gas collection chamber is an internal space of a collector mounted to the side surface part of the cylinder head, in a state so as to cover an opening part of the fresh air distribution chamber, a plurality of boss parts, to which bolts for mounting are inserted, are provided in a mounting part of the collector for the side surface part of the cylinder head, and outer peripheral parts of the plurality of boss parts are configured as convex parts formed on an inner wall surface of the gas collection chamber for facilitating mixing.
[0015] According to the present configuration, since the convex part for facilitating the mixing is formed on the inner wall surface of the gas collection chamber, in which EGR gas merges with air and mixture gas is generated, it is possible to further facilitate the mixing of the air and the EGR gas in the mixture gas with a turbulent flow, etc., generated by the mixture gas flowing along the convex part.
[0016] Furthermore, since the gas collection chamber is an internal space of the collector mounted in a state so as to cover the opening part of the fresh air distribution chamber, which is formed as an internal space in a concave shape in the side surface part of the cylinder head, it is possible to provide multiple boss parts, to which bolts for mounting are inserted, in the mounting part of the collector for the side surface part of the cylinder head, so as to utilize the outer peripheral parts of the boss parts as the convex parts for facilitating the mixing, which are to be formed on the inner wall surface of the gas collection chamber.
[0017] The fourth characteristic configuration of the present invention is to include a second communication opening formed to have a diameter smaller than the first communication opening and configured to allow the second mixture region of the gas collection chamber and the fresh air distribution chamber to communicate with each other.
[0018] According to the present configuration, since there is provided the second communication opening that allows the second mixture region of the gas collection chamber and the fresh air distribution chamber to communicate with each other, gas is exchanged between the second mixture region and the fresh air distribution chamber through the second communication opening, as appropriate. Therefore, in the gas collection chamber, it is possible to suppress generation of deposits caused by remaining of EGR gas in the second mixture region, in which a flow of the mixture gas that has passed through the communication region and has arrived from the first mixture region is made to return. Furthermore, since the size of the second communication opening, which allows the second mixture region to communicate with the fresh air distribution chamber, is formed to have a diameter smaller than the size of the first communication opening, which allows the communication region to communicate with the fresh air distribution chamber, it is possible that the mixture gas existing in the communication region, for which the mixing is sufficiently facilitated, is let flow from the first communication opening into the fresh air distribution chamber, and, in the meantime, insufficiently-mixed mixture gas existing in the second mixture region is prevented from flowing from the second mixture region into the fresh air distribution chamber.
[0019] The fifth characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the first mixture region is a region in which the mixture gas flows along a direction intersecting with a direction of a central axis of the first communication opening, and the second mixture region is a region located further in a back of the communication region along the flowing direction of the mixture gas in the first mixture region.
[0020] According to the present configuration, since the mixture gas flows from the first mixture region into the communication region, in which the first communication opening is open, along the direction intersecting with the direction of the central axis of the first communication opening in the gas collection chamber, it is possible that a large amount of the mixture gas that has flown from the first mixture region into the communication region is let preferably flow along the flowing direction of the mixture gas toward the second mixture region, which is further in the back of the communication region, without changing the flowing direction, so as to further facilitate the mixing of the air and the EGR gas in the mixture gas. Furthermore, since the mixture gas that flows from the first communication opening into the fresh air distribution chamber changes the flowing direction in the communication region of the gas collection chamber and passes through the first communication opening, the mixing can be facilitated in such a change of flowing directions.
[0021] The sixth characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the first mixture region is a region in which the EGR gas introduced from the EGR gas inlet flows along the flowing direction of the mixture gas and in which the fresh air introduced from the air inlet is merged with the flowing EGR gas along a direction intersecting with the flowing direction of the mixture gas.
[0022] According to the present configuration, in the first mixture region of the gas collection chamber, it is possible to make air merge with EGR gas flowing along the flowing direction of the mixture gas toward the communication region, in which the first communication opening is open, in a direction intersecting with the flowing direction of the EGR gas. That is, since the air and the EGR gas merge in directions intersecting with each other, the mixing thereof is facilitated. Furthermore, since air in a larger amount compared to the EGR gas flows into the gas collection chamber from the air inlet along the direction intersecting with the flowing direction of the EGR gas that flows toward the communication region, the air that has flown in collides with the inner wall of the gas collection chamber right after merging with the EGR gas, and, because of the turbulent flow generated by the collision, the mixing of the air and the EGR gas can be facilitated even more.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cylinder head part of a multi-cylinder engine.
FIG. 2 is a planar cross-sectional view of the cylinder head part of the multi-cylinder engine.
FIG. 3 is a side view of an intake structure part of the multi-cylinder engine.
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the intake structure part of the multi-cylinder engine.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating an exploded state of a collector and a separation plate.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating an assembled state of the collector and the separation plate.
FIG. 7 is a side view of an opening part side of the collector.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0024] Based on FIG. 1 through FIG. 7, an explanation is given of embodiments of the multi-cylinder engine intake structure according to the present invention. The multi-cylinder engine of the present embodiments (hereinafter may be referred to as "the present engine" for short) is configured as an inline-four diesel engine including an engine body 1 provided with four serially-aligned cylinders 10, as illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Furthermore, the present engine is configured to perform EGR, in which exhaust gas E is partially recirculated as EGR gas R for fresh air taken into each cylinder 10.
[0025] On the top surface part of the engine body 1, there is provided a cylinder head 2. As mainly illustrated in FIG. 2, in a side surface part 2a of the cylinder head 2 on one side, there is formed a fresh air distribution chamber 20, which is an internal space in a concave shape extending along the direction in which the multiple cylinders 10 are aligned in plan view (hereinafter referred to as "the cylinder alignment direction"). Furthermore, in the fresh air distribution chamber 20, four fresh air distribution openings 25 that communicate with the individual intake ports 12 of the four cylinders 10 are provided in a state so as to open outward. Since the fresh air distribution chamber 20 is formed as the internal space of the cylinder head 2 in this way, installation of an intake manifold separate from the cylinder head 2 is omitted.
[0026] To the side surface part 2a of the cylinder head 2, which is on the side where the fresh air distribution chamber 20 is formed, there is mounted a collector 3 in a state so as to cover the opening part of the fresh air distribution chamber 20. Inside the collector 3, there is formed a gas collection chamber 30. That is, unlike an intake manifold which internally includes complex separate channels, the collector 3 is configured to have a simple shape in which the gas collection chamber 30 is formed as a concave space that opens toward a surface of the cylinder head 2.
[0027] On the other hand, in the side surface part 2b, which is on the other side of the cylinder head 2, there are formed four exhaust outflow openings 27 that communicate with the individual exhaust ports 14 of the multiple cylinders 10. To the side surface part 2b of the cylinder head 2, which is on the side where the exhaust outflow openings 27 are formed, there is mounted an exhaust manifold 8 in a state so as to be connected to the exhaust outflow openings 27. Inside the exhaust manifold 8, there is formed an exhaust gas gathering chamber 80 extending along the cylinder alignment direction.
[0028] In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 2, in this type of multi-cylinder engine, the air A and the EGR gas R are introduced into the gas collection chamber 30 inside the collector 3 and merge with each other, so that the mixture gas M of the air A and the EGR gas R is generated in the gas collection chamber 30. The mixture gas M flows into the fresh air distribution chamber 20 inside the cylinder head 2, so as to be distributed to each fresh air distribution opening 25 as fresh air and taken into each cylinder 10 through each intake port 12.
[0029] On the other hand, the exhaust gas E discharged from each cylinder 10 through each exhaust port 14 is introduced from each exhaust outflow opening 27 into the exhaust gas gathering chamber 80 inside the exhaust manifold 8. The exhaust gas E introduced into the exhaust gas gathering chamber 80 is mostly conveyed to an exhaust gas processing part (not illustrated in the drawings) from the exhaust gas discharging opening 81 that opens to the exhaust gas gathering chamber 80, so as to be released to the atmosphere after an appropriate detoxification process is performed.
Furthermore, a part of the exhaust gas E introduced into the exhaust gas gathering chamber 80 is retrieved as EGR gas R into the EGR gas pipe line 29 through the EGR gas retrieving pipe section 82 provided in the exhaust manifold 8. The retrieved EGR gas R is introduced into the gas collection chamber 30 inside the collector 3 through the EGR gas introduction pipe 5 and the EGR control valve 6 (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 3).
[0030] To the present engine, a simple and rational air supply structure is adopted. By adopting such an air supply structure, it is possible that mixture gas M with nearly uniformly diffused EGR gas R is distributed to each intake port 12 as fresh air and taken into each cylinder 10, so as to suppress deterioration in exhaust emission caused by a variation in EGR rates. Details of the intake structure are additionally explained below.
[0031] As illustrated in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, between the mounting surface part 3a of the collector 3 and the side surface part 2a of the cylinder head 2 on the side where the fresh air distribution chamber 20 is formed, there is an intermediately-mounted separation plate 7, which is made of a steel plate. In the separation plate 7, there are formed a first communication opening 7a and a second communication opening 7b, which has a diameter smaller than the first communication opening 7a. That is, the fresh air distribution chamber 20, which is formed as an internal space of the cylinder head 2, and the gas collection chamber 30, which is formed as an internal space of the collector 3, are separated from each other by the separation plate 7 while communicating with each other through the first communication opening 7a and the second communication opening 7b.
[0032] Note that, regarding the separation plate 7, it is possible to change the sizes, shapes, numbers, formation positions, etc., of the first communication opening 7a and the second communication opening 7b, as appropriate. By changing these, it is possible to easily adjust the mixture state of air A and EGR gas R in the gas collection chamber 30 as is preferred.
Furthermore, between the outer peripheral edge part of the separation plate 7 and the side surface part 2a of the cylinder head 2 as well as the mounting surface part 3a of the collector 3, there is a gasket 72 mounted intermediately. Note that, in a case where the separation plate 7 is configured of such a material that functions as a gasket, addition of a separate gasket 72 can be omitted.
[0033] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the fresh air distribution chamber 20, which is formed as an internal space of the cylinder head 2, is formed as a space extending along the cylinder alignment direction. Therefore, the mixture gas M introduced in the direction orthogonal to the cylinder alignment direction from the first communication opening 7a formed in the separation plate 7 changes the flowing direction to a direction along the cylinder alignment direction, so as to be distributed to each fresh air distribution opening 25.
[0034] As illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, on the top surface part of the collector 3, there are provided a connection part 31 to which the air introduction pipe 4 is connected and a connection part 32 to which the EGR control valve 6 is connected. Furthermore, as mainly illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 7, in the ceiling surface part of the gas collection chamber 30, which is formed as an internal space of the collector 3, there are openings of an air inlet 31a, through which air A is introduced from the air introduction pipe 4, and an EGR gas inlet 32a, through which EGR gas R is introduced from the EGR gas introduction pipe 5. The air inlet 31a and the EGR gas inlet 32a are both openings for introducing air A and EGR gas R vertically downward.
[0035] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the gas collection chamber 30, which is formed as an internal space of the collector 3, is adjacent to the outer side of the fresh air distribution chamber 20 inside the cylinder head 2, and the gas collection chamber 30 is formed as a space extending along the cylinder alignment direction as with the fresh air distribution chamber 20. That is, in the gas collection chamber 30, air A and EGR gas R are introduced vertically downward from the air inlet 31a and the EGR gas inlet 32a, respectively. Furthermore, the introduced air A and EGR gas R collide with the bottom surface part of the gas collection chamber 30 and change the flowing directions to a direction (the direction indicated by the reference sign FM in FIG. 2) along the cylinder alignment direction, so as to flow through the gas collection chamber 30.
[0036] As illustrated in FIG. 7, in the collector 3, the EGR gas inlet 32a is an opening adjacent to an end part on a side of the gas collection chamber 30 along the cylinder alignment direction. Furthermore, in the collector 3, the air inlet 31a is an opening adjacent to a further central part along the cylinder alignment direction, relative to the EGR gas inlet 32a. That is, the EGR gas R introduced vertically downward from the EGR gas inlet 32a changes the flowing direction to a direction (the direction indicated by the reference sign FR in FIG. 7) along the cylinder alignment direction and flows in the gas collection chamber 30. Moreover, the introduced air A is merged with the EGR gas R, which flows along the cylinder alignment direction, from the air inlet 31a in the vertically downward direction (the direction indicated by the reference sign FA in FIG. 7), so that mixture gas M is generated. Then, the mixture gas M flows along the cylinder alignment direction (the direction indicated by the reference sign FM in FIG. 7).
[0037] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the first communication opening 7a, which allows the gas collection chamber 30 inside the collector 3 and the fresh air distribution chamber 20 inside the cylinder head 2 to communicate with each other, is provided in the separation plate 7 that is parallel to the cylinder alignment direction in plan view. Therefore, the flowing direction of the mixture gas M in the gas collection chamber 30 is a direction along the cylinder alignment direction, which is orthogonal to the direction of the central axis A7a of the first communication opening 7a.
[0038] As illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 7, the gas collection chamber 30 inside the collector 3 includes the communication region 30B, the first mixture region 30A, and the second mixture region 30C. The communication region 30B is open through the first communication opening 7a of the separation plate 7. The first mixture region 30A is open through the air inlet 31a and the EGR gas inlet 32a and is located on the upstream side relative to the communication region 30B along the flowing direction FM of the mixture gas M. Furthermore, the second mixture region 30C is located on the downstream side relative to the communication region 30B along the flowing direction FM of the mixture gas M. That is, in the gas collection chamber 30, the first mixture region 30A, the communication region 30B, and the second mixture region 30C are provided in that order from the upstream side along the flowing direction FM of the mixture gas M.
[0039] In the first mixture region 30A, which is located on the most upstream side of the gas collection chamber 30, the EGR gas R introduced from the EGR gas inlet 32a flows along the cylinder alignment direction, which is the flowing direction FM of the mixture gas M. Moreover, the air A introduced from the air inlet 31a merges with the flowing EGR gas R in the vertically downward direction FA that intersects with the cylinder alignment direction, which is the flowing direction FM of the mixture gas M, so that mixture gas M is generated. Furthermore, upon generation, the mixture gas M flows toward the communication region 30B along the flowing direction FM, which is the cylinder alignment direction that intersects at a nearly right angle to the direction of the central axis A7a of the first communication opening 7a.
[0040] That is, since the air A and the EGR gas R merge in directions intersecting with each other, the mixing thereof is facilitated. Furthermore, the air A in a larger amount compared to the EGR gas R flows into the gas collection chamber 30 from the air inlet 31a along the direction FA intersecting with the flowing direction FM of the EGR gas R, which flows toward the communication region 30B, and merges with the EGR gas R. Therefore, the air A that has flown in collides with the inner wall of the gas collection chamber 30 right after merging with the EGR gas R, and, because of the turbulent flow generated by the collision, the mixing of the air A and the EGR gas R is facilitated even more.
Note that, in the first mixture region 30A, since the amount of introduced air A is larger than the amount of introduced EGR gas R, the EGR gas R is blown up to the vicinity of the ceiling part. Accordingly, an upper part of the mixture gas M flowing toward the communication region 30B has a higher concentration of EGR gas R.
[0041] In the communication region 30B, which is located at the central part of the gas collection chamber 30, there is provided the first communication opening 7a in the separation plate 7, which is parallel to the cylinder alignment direction in plan view. Accordingly, a part of the mixture gas M arrives from the first mixture region 30A along the flowing direction FM, which is the cylinder alignment direction. A part of the mixture gas M that has arrived there passes through the communication region 30B without flowing out into the fresh air distribution chamber 20 through the first communication opening 7a, which has the central axis A7a in the direction orthogonal to the flow of the mixture gas M, and flows toward the second mixture region 30C.
[0042] Furthermore, as described above, an upper part of the mixture gas M that has arrived in the communication region 30B from the first mixture region 30A has a higher concentration of EGR gas R. Therefore, in order to actively convey the EGR gas R in the mixture gas M into the second mixture region 30C, the first communication opening 7a may be provided on a lower side. Moreover, by providing the first communication opening 7a on a lower side, generation of deposits caused by remaining of EGR gas R near the bottom part is preferably suppressed.
[0043] The mixture gas M that has passed the communication region 30B arrives in the second mixture region 30C, which is located on the most downstream side of the gas collection chamber 30, and a flow of the mixture gas M returning toward the communication region 30B is formed. Therefore, in the communication region 30B, there is collision of the mixture gas M that has arrived from the first mixture region 30A and the mixture gas M that has arrived from the second mixture region 30C, so that the mixture gases M that have collided with each other flow out from the first communication opening 7a into the fresh air distribution chamber 20.
[0044] Since such a flow of mixture gas M as described above is formed in the gas collection chamber 30, the mixing of the EGR gas R with the air A is facilitated in the second mixture region 30C of the gas collection chamber 30 with such a simple and rational configuration in which a flow of mixture gas M returns. Furthermore, in the communication region 30B of the gas collection chamber 30, the mixing of the EGR gas R with the air A is facilitated even more with such a simple and rational configuration in which mixture gases M are made to collide with each other. Therefore, sufficiently-mixed mixture gas M of air A and EGR gas R exists in the communication region 30B of the gas collection chamber 30. Accordingly, the sufficiently-mixed mixture gas M flows into the fresh air distribution chamber 20 from the first communication opening 7a of the separation plate 7, so as to be distributed to each intake port 12 as fresh air and taken into each cylinder 10.
[0045] The second mixture region 30C is a region located further in the back of the communication region 30B along the cylinder alignment direction, which is the flowing direction FM of the mixture gas M in the first mixture region 30A. Therefore, in the gas collection chamber 30, the mixture gas M that has flown from the first mixture region 30A along the flowing direction FM, which is the cylinder alignment direction, and has arrived in the communication region 30B does not change the flowing direction, so that the mixture gas M can be preferably directed toward the second mixture region 30C. Accordingly, the mixture gas M flows into the second mixture region 30C as much as possible, so that the mixing of the air A and the EGR gas R in the mixture gas M is further facilitated.
Furthermore, in the communication region 30B, the mixture gas M nearly orthogonally changes the flowing direction and flows out into the fresh air distribution chamber 20 through the first communication opening 7a. In such a change of flowing directions, the mixing of the mixture gas M is facilitated as well.
[0046] Note that, in the present embodiment, the shape of the first communication opening 7a is a long hole shape in order to increase a flowing area as much as possible and generate a uniform flow, although the shape of the first communication opening 7a may be set as appropriate, such as a circle, an ellipse, or a rectangle . Accordingly, it is possible to create a uniform flow while decreasing the flow rate of the mixture gas M flowing into the fresh air distribution chamber 20 through the first communication opening 7a, so that, in the fresh air distribution chamber 20, a drift of mixture gas M into each fresh air distribution opening 25 is prevented.
[0047] In the outer peripheral edge part of the opening part of the fresh air distribution chamber 20, which is in the side surface part 2a of the cylinder head 2, and in the outer peripheral edge part of the opening part of the gas collection chamber 30, which is in the mounting surface part 3a of the collector 3, there are provided multiple boss parts 22 and 36. With the multiple boss parts 22 and 36, the cylinder head 2 and the collector 3 are connected. Furthermore, the outer peripheral parts of the multiple boss parts 22 and 36 are formed as convex parts 21 and 35, which protrude inward from the bottom surfaces and the ceiling surfaces of the individual inner wall surfaces of the fresh air distribution chamber 20 and the gas collection chamber 30 for facilitating the mixing. That is, in the gas collection chamber 30 and the fresh air distribution chamber 20, the mixture gas M flows along the cylinder alignment direction between the bottom parts and the ceiling parts on which the multiple convex parts 21 and 35 are formed. Accordingly, a turbulent flow is generated in the vicinity of the convex parts 21 and 35 by flowing of the mixture gas M, so that the mixing of the air A and the EGR gas R in the mixture gas M is facilitated because of the turbulent flow.
[0048] Since the flow of the mixture gas M that has passed the communication region 30B and arrived from the first mixture region 30Ais made to return in the second mixture region 30C of the gas collection chamber 30, the EGR gas R tends to remain in the vicinity of the bottom part, etc., and, in that state, it is likely that deposits will be generated because of it. Therefore, for example, in a lower part of the section facing the second mixture region 30C in the separation plate 7, the second communication opening 7b having a diameter smaller than the first communication opening 7a is open, so that the second mixture region 30C and the fresh air distribution chamber 20 communicate with each other through the second communication opening 7b. That is, since the second mixture region 30C and the fresh air distribution chamber 20 communicate with each other through the second communication opening 7b with a small diameter, gas is exchanged between the second mixture region 30C and the fresh air distribution chamber 20 through the second communication opening 7b, as appropriate. Accordingly, remaining of the EGR gas R in the second mixture region 30C is suppressed, and generation of deposits is preferably prevented. Furthermore, since the second communication opening 7b has a diameter smaller than the first communication opening 7a, insufficiently-mixed mixture gas M existing in the second mixture region 30C is preferably prevented from flowing from the second communication opening 7b into the fresh air distribution chamber 20.
(Other Embodiments)
[0049] Explanations are given of other embodiments of the present invention. Note that the configuration of each embodiment explained below can be applied not only independently but also in combination with the configuration of another embodiment.
(1) Although the present engine is configured as an inline-four diesel engine in the above-described embodiment, it is possible to change the number, the arrangement, the type of fuel, and the like, of cylinders, as appropriate.
(2) In the above-described embodiment, the fresh air distribution chamber 20 is formed as an internal space of the cylinder head 2 and is provided with multiple fresh air distribution openings 25 communicating with the individual intake ports 12, so that installation of an intake manifold is omitted. However, there may be a configuration in which multiple fresh air distribution openings are formed in the side surface part 2a of the cylinder head 2, so that an intake manifold is mounted in a state so as to be connected to the fresh air distribution openings.
(3) In the above-described embodiment, the collector 3 is mounted to the side surface part 2a, which is on the side where the fresh air distribution chamber 20 of the cylinder head 2 is formed, with intermediation of the separation plate 7 in which the first communication opening 7a, etc., is formed, so that the gas collection chamber 30 that communicates with the fresh air distribution chamber 20 via the first communication opening 7a is formed inside the collector 3. However, the configurations of the first communication opening 7a and the gas collection chamber 30 may be changed as appropriate. For example, the gas collection chamber may be positioned in a distance from the fresh air distribution chamber, and the gas collection chamber and the fresh air distribution chamber may be connected through a communication pipe, so that a connection opening of the communication pipe toward the gas collection chamber functions as the first communication opening.
(4) In the above-described embodiment, the outer peripheral parts of the multiple boss parts 36 provided in the outer peripheral edge part of the opening part of the gas collection chamber 30 are formed as the convex parts 21 and 35, which protrude inward from each of the bottom surface and the ceiling surface of the gas collection chamber 30 for facilitating the mixing. However, it is possible to omit or change such a convex part for facilitating the mixing, as appropriate. For example, a convex part may be arranged at a position suitable for facilitating the mixing, regardless of a boss part 36.
(5) In the first mixture region 30A of the above-described embodiment, the mixture gas M flows along the flowing direction FM, which is the cylinder alignment direction that intersects with the direction of the central axis A7a of the first communication opening 7a, and the second mixture region is a region positioned further in the back of the communication region 30B along the flowing direction FM of the mixture gas M in the first mixture region 30A. However, the intersecting angle of the flowing direction FM of the mixture gas M in the first mixture region 30A relative to the direction of the central axis A7a of the first communication opening 7a can be changed as appropriate in such a range that properly prevents most of the mixture gas M that has arrived in the communication region 30B from the first mixture region 30A from directly flowing out from the first communication opening 7a.
(6) In the above-described embodiment, the first mixture region 30A is configured such that the EGR gas R introduced from the EGR gas inlet 32a flows along the flowing direction FM of the mixture gas M, and the fresh air introduced from the air inlet 31a is merged with the EGR gas R along the direction FA, which is orthogonal to the flowing direction FM of the mixture gas M. However, the mixing situation of the EGR gas R and the air A in the first mixture region 30A may be changed as appropriate.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0050] The present invention can be applied to a multi-cylinder engine in which exhaust gas is partially recirculated as EGR gas for fresh air taken into multiple cylinders.
DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
side surface part
mounting surface part
separation plate
first communication opening
second communication opening
intake port
fresh air distribution chamber
convex part
fresh air distribution opening
gas collection chamber
first mixture region
communication region
second mixture region
EGR gas inlet
exhaust gas
mixture gas
EGR gas
1. A multi-cylinder engine intake structure in which exhaust gas is partially recirculated as EGR gas for fresh air taken into a plurality of cylinders, the multi-cylinder engine intake structure comprising:
a fresh air distribution chamber in which a plurality of fresh air distribution openings are open, the plurality of fresh air distribution openings communicating with individual intake ports of the plurality of cylinders; and
a gas collection chamber in which an air inlet for introducing air, an EGR gas inlet for introducing the EGR gas, and a first communication opening that communicates with the fresh air distribution chamber are open,
wherein the gas collection chamber includes a communication region in which the first communication opening is open, a first mixture region in which the air inlet and the EGR gas inlet are open, and a second mixture region, the first mixture region being located on an upstream side relative to the communication region along a flowing direction of mixture gas of the air and the EGR gas, the second mixture region being located on a downstream side relative to the communication region along the flowing direction of the mixture gas.
2. The multi-cylinder engine intake structure according to claim 1,
wherein the fresh air distribution chamber is an internal space in a concave shape formed in a side surface part of a cylinder head,
wherein the gas collection chamber is an internal space of a collector mounted to the side surface part of the cylinder head, in a state so as to cover an opening part of the fresh air distribution chamber, and
wherein the multi-cylinder engine intake structure comprises a separation plate in which the first communication opening is formed, the separation plate being intermediately mounted between the side surface part of the cylinder head and a mounting surface part of the collector to separate the fresh air distribution chamber and the gas collection chamber from each other.
3. The multi-cylinder engine intake structure according to claim 1 or 2,
wherein the gas collection chamber is an internal space of a collector mounted to the side surface part of the cylinder head, in a state so as to cover an opening part of the fresh air distribution chamber,
wherein a plurality of boss parts, to which bolts for mounting are inserted, are provided in a mounting part of the collector for the side surface part of the cylinder head, and
wherein outer peripheral parts of the plurality of boss parts are configured as convex parts formed on an inner wall surface of the gas collection chamber for facilitating mixing.
4. The multi-cylinder engine intake structure according to any one of claims 1 through 3 comprising a second communication opening formed to have a diameter smaller than the first communication opening and configured to allow the second mixture region of the gas collection chamber and the fresh air distribution chamber to communicate with each other.
5. The multi-cylinder engine intake structure according to any one of claims 1 through 4,
wherein the first mixture region is a region in which the mixture gas flows along a direction intersecting with a direction of a central axis of the first communication opening, and
wherein the second mixture region is a region located further in a back of the communication region along the flowing direction of the mixture gas in the first mixture region.
6. The multi-cylinder engine intake structure according to any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein the first mixture region is a region in which the EGR gas introduced from the EGR gas inlet flows along the flowing direction of the mixture gas and in which the fresh air introduced from the air inlet is merged with the EGR gas flowing along a direction intersecting with the flowing direction of the mixture gas.
JPH10131812B [0004]


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April Monthly Service Sermon 2006
By Honbu-in Iwane Matsui (1)
Blessed with lovely spring weather, we have been able to perform the Monthly Service for April--the month that marks Oyasama's birthday--with a great many followers having assembled here from near and far. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude for this splendid blessing. As I have been assigned to deliver today's sermon, I would now like to start fulfilling my duty. May I have your attention for a while.
I would like to begin by sharing a rather embarrassing experience that led me to repent. Four years ago, on the occasion of the Autumn Grand Service--which was performed on October 26, 2002--the Shinbashira announced Instruction Two. At that Grand Service, I was assigned to be one of the singers for the Dance with Hand Movements. Unfortunately, however, I had lost my voice almost completely a few days earlier. When the day of the Service came, I had yet to regain my voice, and I took part in the Service in an inexcusable manner. And to think that this was the Grand Service performed on the day the Shinbashira announced Instruction Two, which set forth our guidelines for preparing for the 120th Anniversary of Oyasama! Wondering what God the Parent was telling me through this turn of events, I reflected humbly and critically upon myself. It then occurred to me that I had been lacking in sincerity toward performing the Service. So I decided to perform the service dance to the Twelve Songs every day, starting the very next day.
Some time after I started my daily performance of the dance to the Twelve Songs, I read a thousand-several-hundred-page book, which is a collection of reminiscences about the second Shinbashira. The book says in reference to compiling chapter 8 of The Life of Oyasama, entitled "Parental Love," the second Shinbashira told the compilers to "enter Oyasama's mind and write from Her own perspective." However, the compilers had no idea how to do such a thing. The second Shinbashira then told them: "Oyasama's mind is fully expressed in the Ofudesaki. For example, this Scripture makes it clear that, although followers make a fuss about Her hardships of arrest and imprisonment, Oyasama Herself didn't think anything of those experiences. Her sole concern, rather, was how to complete the Service. Her only intention was to complete the Service for the purpose of single-hearted salvation." This episode was written by the late Honbu-in Yoshinaru Ueda.
Reading the second Shinbashra's remarks was a real eye-opener for me. His simple yet sincere attitude toward Oyasama--an attitude that struck me as truly single-hearted with God--made a profound impression on me.
So, following his example, I decided to seek a single-hearted faith in God the Parent and Oyasama, convinced that this was the attitude I ought to maintain each day while working on the activities leading up to the 120th Anniversary of Oyasama. The Mikagura-uta, The Songs for the Service, tells us:
Never make an unreasonable prayer!
Come to Me with a single mind!
Whatever may happen, from now on,
I will go single-heartedly leaning on God.
III:6-7
The second Shinbashira's remarks prompted me to reflect humbly on how I was getting caught up in discursive thoughts stemming from what might be termed "human thinking."
Another thing that caught my attention recently is a story contained in the Anecdotes of Oyasama, a story that describes an early follower's pure, unclouded faith, which gave me enthusiasm and motivation. Allow me, therefore, to share this anecdote, which is entitled "You Are to Save Others" (no. 100). This anecdote concerns a man named Sadakichi Konishi, who lived in Uda County, Nara Prefecture.
Sadakichi was a hard working man who did twice as much work as others, yet he contracted a serious lung disease. His doctor told him that not even one in a thousand patients in his condition would survive and that he barely had twenty days to live. Understandably he felt a deep sense of despair.
To compound the situation, his wife, who had previously had a difficult delivery with their first child, was now pregnant again. Just around that time, the fragrance of the teachings was sprinkled on the couple, and, despite Sadakichi's condition, they came to visit Oyasama and asked for the Grant of Safe Childbirth. Sadakichi took that opportunity to ask Oyasama whether "this god" was only a god of safe childbirth.
Oyasama replied: "It is not so. This God saves man from any illness." Sadakichi then told Her: "To tell the truth, I am ill with consumption. Can I be saved?" Thereupon, he received the following words, which were filled with parental love:
You need not worry. No matter what your illness may be, you can receive divine protection. You must throw away your greed.
Anecdotes, p. 83
These words penetrated deep into his mind, so he made a firm resolution. As soon as the couple arrived home, Sadakichi gathered all his cash together and handed it to his wife. Then he confined himself in a room in a separate building. He wrote the name of God, "Tenri-O-no-Mikoto," on a sheet of paper, which he hung in the alcove. Then he prayed earnestly, chanting: "Namu, Tenri-O-no-Mikoto. Namu, Tenri-O-no-Mikoto." The only time he left the room was when he went to the bathroom. He had his morning and evening meals brought to his room, and he continued to pray day in and day out. Then after some time, the color started returning to his face, and his coughing ceased. Before long, he was completely saved from the suffering of his illness.
Oyasama was very pleased with his recovery and told him: "Because you became single-hearted, you were saved."
This event happened in about March 1882. A history of the church that Sadakichi subsequently established tells us that the amount of money he handed to his wife was about 2,000 yen. In those days, that was a fairly large sum of money.
Anyway, the history of his church goes on to say that Sadakichi made five three-day prayers, which is to say he spent 15 days praying fervently. He felt considerably better on the morning of the 15th day. The next day, therefore, he set out for Shoyashiki Village, while holding on to his wife's shoulder, in order to thank Oyasama. By the time they came to Sakurai Village, which is about half way on their journey, Sadakichi no longer needed his walking stick.
Years later, when he was 94, Sadakichi recalled that, when he first met Oyasama, She explained the teaching of a thing lent, a thing borrowed. Another source suggests that Oyasama explained ten aspects of God's providence as well. In any case, Sadakichi is reported to have said: "I was convinced of the truth of Her teaching after hearing it just once. The teaching She explained was the teaching of a thing lent, a thing borrowed, which you are quite familiar with these days."
Thus, after hearing the teaching of a thing lent, a thing borrowed, only once, Sadakichi understood it and became convinced of its truth. Herein lies the basis, I think, for receiving a wondrous blessing.
Another early follower named Naokichi Takai once said:
Oyasama says that one word of this path's teachings is worth ten words of the ordinary world. Even a life that is to end can be saved if even one word of the teachings settles in one's mind, and even a problem that is not to be solved can be settled. The basis that enables you to be saved lies in being convinced of the truth of the teachings and settling it in your mind.
Oyasama says that listening to the teachings in the course of our daily lives and feeling firmly convinced of their truth will become nourishment for the mind. We eat rice to nourish the body, and, if we don't eat, our body will lose weight and weaken. Listening to the teachings in our daily lives and feeling convinced of their truth can nourish our minds. Our minds will then gain in strength. Therefore, you would do well to listen to the teachings, even the teachings you are already familiar with, over and over again and to take to heart whatever impression you get each time. That will enable you to acquire a settled conviction of the truth of the teachings.
Once your mind is completely convinced, it gains strength. This process is what is referred to as "spiritual growth." However, if even something insignificant is enough to cloud your mind and prevents you from seeing things as they are, that is evidence that your mind lacks strength.
It is essential for us to listen to the truth of the teachings each day and let our minds gain in strength. Indeed, Oyasama says that God waits impatiently for God's children to awaken to the truth, this being the only thought in the mind of God.
A Divine Direction puts it this way:
Every day I teach the eight kinds of dust, the eight kinds of dust. But just teaching it is like a picture painted on a screen; you often look at it and say it is beautiful. But that is hardly sufficient. Each of you, listen. You must settle the truth in your minds. About this teaching, you must do whatever it takes to settle the truth in your minds.
Osashizu, July 23, 1899
At the core of Oyasama's teachings is the teaching that the body is a thing borrowed from God. Thus the Ofudesaki says:
So long as you remain unknowing that the body is a thing borrowed, you can understand nothing at all.
III:137
Getting back to Sadakichi's story, just listening to Oyasama's teaching once was sufficient to bring him to a firm conviction of its truth. That is, he became single-hearted with the truth of Her teaching.
Incidentally, the story of creation told by Oyasama describes how God received a fish and a serpent as models of husband and wife after discerning their single-heartedness. God then put the orc into the fish and the turtle into the serpent and established them as models of man and woman. Then God went on to create humankind. This story leads me to believe that the human mind is naturally endowed with the original tendency to become single-hearted in seeking and relying on God the Parent.
On the basis of what we have seen so far, we may say the following. First, Sadakichi placed sincere trust in Oyasama and became single-hearted. Then he let go of greed. Greed, as you are aware, is one of the two most powerful dusts of the mind, the other being arrogance. Thus Oyasama teaches: "Before God there is no greed"; "Forget . . . away the mind of greed"; "If you have greed, cast it away!"; "Greed is fathomless like muddy water"; "Forgetting greed we work in hinokishin"; and so forth. When the 27-year-old Sadakichi genuinely left the "mind of greed" behind, he was saved despite the fact that he had previously been given up on by doctors, who had declared that he did not have long to live. Oyasama told Sadakichi to "throw away" his greed, and he implemented Her teaching exactly as instructed. That was the basis that enabled him to be saved. Moreover, he prayed single-heartedly while chanting the name of God, saying: "Namu, Tenri-O-no-Mikoto. Namu, Tenri-O-no-Mikoto." This practice, I believe, can be seen as a forerunner of the morning and evening services that we perform today.
When Sadakichi returned to Jiba to thank Oyasama, he asked Her how he could repay the blessing of his salvation. She replied that he should save others, for that was the best way to make repayment for the blessing he had received.
Sadakichi went on to ask Her how he could save others. Oyasama then told him: "Earnestly tell others how you were saved."
She also gave him about half a pound of the sacred powder of roasted grain and said: "This is a sacred offering. Have people take this with the offered water."
Receiving this, Sadakichi happily went home. He found that there were many sick people wherever he went. Carrying the sacred powder with him, he tried to save others in the manner taught by Oyasama. They were all saved, one after another, and the number of followers increased. The path thus grew in the area where he lived.
I believe it is essential for those of us Yoboku to make a practice of implementing the three points that we have been talking about--namely, becoming single-hearted, letting go of our greed, and helping others be saved. I feel that these three points characterize our journey that will lead to spiritual maturity.
In this connection, it is extremely important to perform the morning and evening services, through which we can express our gratitude to God the Parent while chanting the name of God, Tenri-O-no-Mikoto.
Oyasama taught that the path to the Joyous Life entails sweeping our minds clean, and that we can sweep our minds with God the Parent as our broom. In fact, not only did Oyasama explain, by spoken and written word, how to sweep out our dust of the mind, but She also demonstrated the method of sweeping through Her own example.
If we are to divide the 50-year Divine Model into two equal periods, I think that She devoted the first half solely to teaching the purification of the mind.
Oyasama seems to have spent more than 20 years teaching that we can receive any blessing, whatever it is, if we become single-hearted in relying on God the Parent.
As the Divine Model progressed into its second half, some followers finally managed to purify their minds to the point where they were able to listen to the teachings of the Parent of humanity. Only then did Oyasama begin to teach the all-important Service. In addition, She taught sowing seeds of sincerity at the Residence and, subsequently, instructed followers to sprinkle the fragrance of the teachings and engage in salvation work, both these tasks being methods of making repayment for blessings they received.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ever since we've been involved with the Disney fan community, the internet has been a fun exciting place to explore opinions, history, speculation, rumors, and more. In recent years, Disney has tried to appeal to both the general population and their super fans, but has Disney gone out of their way to cater to their super fans that it's hurting the regular family of 4 who want to make the trip to Disneyland once in their lifetime? Are Disney fans pushing the general audience out of being able to afford vacations or trips to the movies? Is Disney working with it's fans to promote it's upcoming work? All of these ideas are explored in this week's Modern Mouse Radio episode!
May 25 Modern Mouse Radio #109 - What's Next for the Muppets?


Are you curious about how active you are compared to others? We can help and determine what level you are at by answering these few simple questions right now!
These questions are going to go over what you do on a daily basis to help in figuring out what level of activeness you are currently at in your life. Answer honestly for the most accurate results!
You might be active, but you are curious about how you stack up to the competition. These questions will put you somewhere between not active at all and as active as you can get. Find out where you are at after answering all the questions.


To achieve 100% visibility of your infrastructure, you need to monitor more than just applications. As common as a bug in your application's code is operator error. These types of errors are usually found in configurations of the various pieces of the infrastructure. Therefore one must monitor the entire infrastructure stack, from hardware to application.


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Two exam controversies become the talk of China's internet
Jun 26, 2020 (WiC 501)
Student prepares for the gaokao
Another week and another round of headlines about China's hugely competitive school and university system.
Two stories, both about examination results, have captured the public mood as parents fret about the impact of the coronavirus on their children's education.
The first involves Chen Chunxiu, a 36 year-old mother from Shandong province, who was deprived of a place at university 16 years ago because someone stole her identity.
Chen, who comes from a poor background, only discovered the identity theft in May when she applied for a course at an adult education centre. For the first time she was given access to all of her previous academic records.
To her shock she discovered she had done quite well in her high school exams and even been offered a place at Shandong University of Technology.
But another girl, whose father worked with the local government, then conspired to steal her academic records, going so far as to change her name so that it matched Chen's.
The story stuck a nerve with people online who also claimed to have friends or relatives who had suffered from a similar experience.
An investigation by Shandong's educational authorities – carried out in response to Chen's complaint – revealed that a further 242 students may have been deprived of places due to similar scams between 2000 and 2009.
"The usurper used a despicable method to steal another girl's college dream and made this poor rural girl miss out on a valuable opportunity," state news agency Xinhua commented.
Instead of going to university, Chen became a waitress and factory worker, all the while trying to further her qualifications by taking classes at night school.
The woman who stole her place went on to get a government job, despite scoring almost 250 points fewer than Chen in her gaokao (college entrance exam).
The woman's immediate family is claiming that it had nothing to do with the switch, which was arranged and paid for by an elderly aunt, who is now dead.
The woman has been suspended from her job, while the Shandong government works out how to compensate Chen.
And in another scandal getting the attention of parents of school-going kids this week, a woman took to weibo to complain that her boss had to pay for a service on a smartphone app if he wanted to access his daughter's exam results.
Details of the case are scarce because the original post has been removed from social media. But it still became a hot topic because other parents have been complaining about problems with schools trying to charge them to download similar test result apps.
These apps started to appear after the Ministry of Education banned the publishing of test rankings – or public records of how children had performed in exams compared to their peers.
Administrators said that stopping these lists was a way of reducing pressure on students (for more on this theme, see WiC401). But many schools then switched to a system in which parents could access their child's individual scores only by downloading an app in which the teacher records their grades, with associated comments about their performance.
The cost to access these apps can vary from Rmb170 to Rmb350 ($49) a year.
It's another instance where a change in regulation has created a grey area – one that smartphone technology has turned into a monetary opportunity. "This needs investigating. It can't be legal," said one furious weibo user.
HealthcareWhich two IPOs locked up $19 billion of funds in Hong Kong?
Sino-File"China's aid is regionally specific and tends to be defined by Belt and Road. One feature of Chinese policy, compared with the UK, is long-term continuity. China can be expected to keep increasing scholarships for African students for many years to come"
PropertyChina looks set to launch first Reits
EconomyTetra Pak opens 10 billion unit plant in Hohhot
EntertainmentTencent set to swoop for iQiyi in bid to stem video streaming losses


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You are at:Home»Departments»Bookshelf»Bookshelf: Fall 2016
Bookshelf: Fall 2016
By Davidson Journal on	 October 14, 2016 Bookshelf, Fall 2016
Broken Eagle: A Thriller by James T. Crouse '71 (Caromount Island Publishing, 2016). Chronicles the gathering vortex of a cutting-edge military aircraft with serious flaws, malevolent contractors, complicit government operators and one veteran lawyer hero.
The Ladies Benevolent Society of Charleston: Two Hundred Years of Service by E. Marie Ferrarra McGahan '73 (one-year student) (Ladies Benevolent Society, 2013). In 1813, a group of 125 ladies in Charleston, S.C., agreed to work together to aid the sick poor of the city.
Redemption Road: A Novel by John Hart '88 (Thomas Dunne Books, 2016). A police officer with a tragic past, two children in peril and a wrongly accused man drive the plot of this thriller with a Southern gothic touch.
Parenting with Promises by Debbie Niles Kunz '88 (West Bow Press, 2016). A scripturally based approach to parenting, with photography, commentary and reflection designed for both parent and child to share.
Outlaw Christian: Finding Authentic Faith by Breaking the "Rules" by Jacqueline A. Bussie '91 (Nelson Books, 2016). A rallying cry for a faith that laments, loves, laughs, longs and lives, but never lies; based in the author's lived experience and her doctorate in theology, ethics and culture from U.Va.
Loyal Dissenters: Reading Scripture and Talking Freedom with 17th-Century English Baptists by Lee Canipe '92 (Smyth and Helwys Publishing, 2016). In an age of widespread anxiety, suspicion and hostility, early English Baptists refused to worship in keeping with the king's command.
The Changing Face of Motherhood in Spain: The Social Construction of Maternity in the Works of Lucía Etxebarria by Catherine Bouland Ross '95 (Bucknell University Press, 2016). Explores perceptions of motherhood in Spanish author Lucía Etxebarria's fiction.
The Ladder: Poems by Douglas Houchens Professor of English Alan Michael Parker (Tupelo Press, 2016). Whether about the moon or hotel sex, politics or poppy seeds, Alan Michael Parker's poems are always tender, eccentric and nuanced.
Lingua Latina: A Companion to Familia Romana, Second Edition (Focus, 2016) by Professor of Classics Jeanne Neumann. A running exposition, in English, of the Latin grammar covered in Hans H. Ørberg's Familia Romana.
Add yourself to the shelf!
To submit your book for this column, as well as to E.H. Little Library's Davidsoniana Room, please send a signed copy to: Davidson Journal, Davidson College, Box 7171, Davidson, NC 28035-7171.


Studies have shown men have a certain reluctance in tackling health concerns, and much prefer to fix those pesky foot problems with the good ol' band-aid approach. If you think about all the men in your family and life, you probably have a few loved ones who fit this "she'll be right" profile.
Now you're probably thinking, they're just feet right? Surely they can take care of themselves? But for the 1 million plus Australians currently living with diabetes, over 300,000 of those either have diabetic foot disease risk factors (poor feeling or poor circulation in their feet) or actual diabetic foot disease (sores, infection or really poor circulation in their feet).
Men are three times more likely to suffer from diabetic foot disease than women. And today, on World Diabetes Day, 12 Australians will undergo a diabetes-related amputation. Twelve might seem like a low number. But when you add that to the 12,500 Australians living with an amputation, and their families also living with a diabetes-related amputation, the impact of diabetic foot disease is growing at an alarming rate. It certainly makes you think about the large proportion of men adopting the 'ignore it and it will go away' approach, and how many diabetic foot related problems and complications could be prevented or avoided if feet were given the much needed attention they deserve. So the big question for all the Aussie blokes out there living with diabetes is…how well do you know your feet?
Ready For The Good News?
Getting your feet checked every year by your doctor or podiatrist will identify if you have any risk factors (poor feeling or poor circulation) for developing diabetic foot disease or not!
If you are one of the 1 million plus Australians with diabetes, make sure you book in for an annual foot assessment with your doctor or podiatrist. This will identify if you are one of the 300,000 Australians with these risk factors that need to have more regular care for their feet. OR if you don't have these risk factors you simply need to make sure you get your feet checked again next year. It's easy, quick and painless and your feet will thank you for it in the long run!
Let's be honest, touching your toes was a lot easier in primary school. And as we age, reaching all the way down to your feet can seem as difficult as learning a second language. So you can help your family member with diabetes at home as well. A daily foot check can be done on the couch, even with sport playing on the TV. So before giving your nearest and dearest that subtle head tilt to 'please remove your feet from the coffee table', take a moment to check their foot health first. Print out our handy 'Daily Foot Care Checklist' and stick it on the fridge for an easy reminder.
Free Live Stream & Live Event | Exudate Management Symposium - Friday 5th April 2019.
Join Hartmannaustralia in their live event this Friday with keynote speakers Prof Keryln Carville and Sue Monaro in Sydney as they discuss the latest Consensus Document on Exudate Management just published in January 2019.
Links to register for both the event and the live stream are in our post below.


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Friday Five – The pharma week in review (14 February 2020)
(Ref: Friday Five Desk)
By: Simon King
Clinical Research (R&D)
Roxadustat secures December PDUFA date
FibroGen announced on Wednesday that the FDA has accepted its regulatory filing seeking approval of roxadustat for the treatment of anaemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in both non-dialysis dependent and dialysis-dependent patients. A PDUFA date for potential approval has been set for December 20.
Roxadustat is being co-developed and will be co-marketed in the US by AstraZeneca under an agreement signed with FibroGen in 2013. Approved already in China and Japan, roxadustat is a closely watched asset in AstraZeneca's pipeline and has been described by Wall Street analysts as a potential blockbuster.
Clinical data indicates that roxadustat is at least as effective as epoetin alpha at treating anaemia while requiring patients to take less iron supplementation. Furthermore, it has been shown to be effective in patients with elevated C-reactive protein levels, which is known to lower response to epoetin. Pooled results suggests that cardiovascular safety for roxadustat is comparable to placebo, though a key part of the FDA's review will be its evaluation of what is considered to be a somewhat complex safety dataset.
See KOL Views Results: Leading nephrologist thinks Street got it wrong on recent roxadustat readout
Keytruda hits the mark in TNBC
Merck & Co. confirmed this week that the combination of its PD-1 inhibitor Keytruda and chemotherapy has met one its two co-primary endpoints in the Phase III Keynote-355 study by significantly prolonging progression-free survival (PFS) versus chemotherapy alone in first-line patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), whose tumours have a PD-L1 expression rate of at least 10%.
Keynote-355 will continue, with a second co-primary endpoint exploring the overall survival (OS) benefit of Keytruda plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone.
Roche's PD-L1 inhibitor Tecentriq is approved in combination with the chemotherapy agent Abraxane for the first-line treatment of TNBC patients with PD-L1 expression of at least 1%; supported by data from the Impassion130 study. Keynote-355 is also evaluating the combination of Keytruda plus chemotherapy in all-comer patients (i.e. regardless of PD-L1 status) and patients with PD-L1 expression of at least 1%, though Merck's press release would appear to insinuate the combination did not meaningfully improve PFS versus chemotherapy alone in either of these cohorts.
Keytruda (with chemotherapy) has previously posted positive data in the Phase III Keynote-522 study, evaluating this combination for the neo-adjuvant treatment of TNBC. By comparison, data was presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS) in December showing that the addition of Tecentriq to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC patients did not meaningfully improve response rates.
Sanofi touts MS hopeful, sheds executives
New CEO Paul Hudson is pushing for meaningful change at Sanofi, which extends from the R&D pipeline to the company's executive committee.
Late last week, alongside the presentation of its fourth-quarter 2019 results, Sanofi made some bullish proclamations about an experimental multiple sclerosis treatment – the BTK inhibitor SAR442168 – which has delivered positive Phase II proof-of-concept data and will now head into a comprehensive pivotal-stage study programme.
We spoke to a leading MS key opinion leader (here) and snap-polled neurologists (here) to get an understanding of what potential SAR442168 could hold.
Elsewhere at Sanofi, the company confirmed this week that four executives will leave, streamlining the committee that reports into Hudson from 14 to 10. The departures are designed to reflect Sanofi's sharper focus on specialty medicines and vaccines.
Another Alzheimer's disease setback as Biogen nears filing for aducanumab
Roche and Eli Lilly announced this week that results from the Phase II/III DIAN-TU-001 study showed that the experimental drugs gantenerumab and solanezumab did not significantly slow the rate of cognitive decline in patients who have an early-onset, inherited form of Alzheimer's disease, compared with placebo.
The study, which is sponsored by the Washington University School of Medicine, has attracted additional attention in light of the pending regulatory application for another beta-amyloid-targeting antibody, aducanumab, which Biogen expects to file with the FDA in the near future.
It has also been closely watched as researchers identified a concentrated population that they hoped would help push and pull these two therapies – both with multiple failed studies already on their resume – over the statistical hurdle. If successful, this would have provided some much-needed support for the controversial amyloid hypothesis.
Nevertheless, multiple caveats were cited by Wall Street analysts as to why this study failed, and rightly or wrongly, why the result should not influence the FDA's assessment of aducanumab. The most obvious issue is the size of the trial, which enrolled less than 200 patients (due to cost considerations) versus the thousands of patients typically enrolled into late-stage AD studies. Furthermore, the dose of both drugs was significantly increased after new evidence suggested this could increase efficacy, but the change was not implemented until midway through the study.
Bristol-Myers Squibb lines up mid-2020 approval for CAR-T
Since acquiring Celgene last year, Bristol-Myers Squibb has touted its inherited CAR-T therapy lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel; known previously as JCAR017) as a potential best-in-class product. As of Thursday, it can also boast priority view for the agent at the hands of the FDA for the potential third-line treatment of relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma, indicating that it should be approved in the US market by mid-August.
This also has important implications for ex-Celgene shareholders who, as part of the Bristol-Myers Squibb acquisition, received a contingent value right (CVR) linked to the achievement of future regulatory milestones. One of these is approval of liso-cel by the end of 2020.
Data presented at ASH in December suggests that liso-cel has a meaningfully superior side-effect profile versus the approved CAR-T agents Kymriah and Yescarta, which are marketed by Novartis and Gilead Sciences, respectively. This could mean that Bristol-Myers Squibb's entry into the CAR-T space may coincide with more eligible patients being treated in an outpatient setting, one expert told FirstWord on the side-lines at ASH.
Liso-cel's efficacy looks on par with Kymriah and Yescarta, and its manufacturing process is more complex and expensive, though this – designed to yield a treatment that comprises equally of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells – is presumably the reason why it is associated with lower rates of severe cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity.
To read more Friday Five articles, click here.
Friday Five - The pharma week in review (28 February 2020)
Friday Five – The pharma week in review (5 February 2021)
Friday Five – The pharma week in review (09 January 2020)
Friday Five - The pharma week in review (5 March 2020)
Friday Five – The pharma week in review (06 January 2020) - (Friday Five Desk)


Cottage cheese/ Fresh Paneer- 250 gm.
Grate cottage cheese/paneer in a bowl.
Add grated cottage cheese/paneer and curd into a blender jar and blend it to a smooth paste.
Make sure the paste is absolutely smooth and not grainy.
Line a muslin cloth above a colander/bowl.
Now transfer this cottage cheese/ paneer and curd paste to that muslin cloth. Bring the ends of muslin cloth together, tie a knot and hang it till all the liquid is drained completely.
Now open the knot of muslin cloth and collect cream cheese in a bowl and refrigerate it overnight.
Your homemade cream cheese is ready.
When you want to use it bring it to room temperature and use for your cheese cakes and frosting.
Take your cream cheese and condensed in a bowl and whip it using a blender.
Break 10 oreo biscuits and fold in cream cheese mixture. Do not mix vigorously.
Take 10 oreo biscuits in a polybag and crush using a rolling pin.
Add crushed oreo biscuits into glasses and make a thin layer.
Now make another thick layer using cream cheese mixture over biscuit layer.(You can using piping bag to make cream cheese layer).
Cover the top using some broken oreo biscuits.
Refrigerate these glasses until chilled.
Your mini oreo cream cheese cake is ready.


text:
By Alison Cook | April 22, 2021
Most things worth having are challenging at first. Think about any hobby that you love, such as sports, painting, woodworking, or playing a musical instrument. How did you learn to do it well? Someone likely taught you the key skills. Then you started practicing. At first, your efforts were probably a little messy. If you...
The Surprising Benefits of an Emotional Hijack
By Alison Cook | April 8, 2021
Nobody likes to be hijacked by emotions. It can be scary to find yourself overtaken with emotions or acting out in ways that don't make sense. When your emotions hijack you, they take over and bypass your rational thought processes. You have an intense emotional reaction to a person or situation that is in excess...
Gaslighting and The Importance of a Good B.S. Detector
We live in a culture of gaslighting. That is, we live in a culture where people are adept at manipulating the truth to serve their own ego. It cuts across political parties, media, and even faith communities. It might have permeated your family. In today's blog post, I will help you understand gaslighting, how it...
Does God want me to stay small?
By Alison Cook | March 18, 2021
Have you ever been told you are too much, too emotional, or too intimidating? For that matter, maybe you've felt too ambitious or too strong. This word, "too" comes up all the time in my conversations with women. Maybe it's the men in your life who have suggested you dial it back. Or, maybe it's...
Why do I feel invisible in my relationships?
By Alison Cook | March 4, 2021
"Why do I feel invisible? Why do I feel like no one ever really sees me?" Lucy asked with a hint of desperate loneliness. I remember our first meeting vividly, though it was years ago. I was a relatively new counselor, interning at a college counseling center. She was a bright young graduate student –...
Can I pray negative thoughts away?
By Alison Cook | February 17, 2021
Many people struggle with negative thinking, without even realizing it. It's not good for your mental or emotional health, and it doesn't lead you toward the loving relationship God wants with you. Negative thoughts can lead you down a road toward helplessness, increase stress chemicals, and contribute to depression and anxiety. At the same time,...
What is Healthy Faith vs. Spiritual Bypassing?
By Alison Cook | February 3, 2021
Events in the world have been hard. And, when things get hard, our faith gets tested. So, what does healthy faith look like when it feels like the world is falling apart? According to Hebrews 11:1 faith is the "the firm foundation under everything that makes life worth living. It's our handle on what we...
Am I a Bad Person if I Say "No" and Hurt Someone?
By Alison Cook | January 28, 2021
Many of us, if we're honest, tend to base the criteria for whether we feel good about ourselves on how other people respond to us. Without realizing it, we operate a little like this: I am a good person if I make other people happy. I am a bad person if I hurt other people....
Am I Supposed to Let My Kids Walk All Over Me?
One of the most common questions that I hear from parents is some version of this one: "Am I supposed to let my kids walk all over me?" The answer is, "No." But, there's an important caveat that you must first understand: It's not your child's job to give you the respect you have never...
Are You Supposed to Meet Your Mother's Needs?
I see you. I'm proud of you. I'm grateful for who you are. Imagine these words being spoken directly to you by your mom, with no ulterior motive or hidden agenda. What is that like for you? What emotions does it stir up? Is it hard for you to imagine your mom speaking words of...
How Do I Find Safe Relationships?
By Alison Cook | January 7, 2021
If you've been hurt by a destructive relationship, you are not alone. I am constantly amazed by how often I hear stories such as these: A wife who faces the fact that her husband is emotionally abusive A loyal person who discovers that her best friend has been manipulating her A daughter who finally understands...
The Most Important Gift
By Alison Cook | December 24, 2020
This Christmas, I hope you'll give yourself the most important gift. It's the gift of learning to pay attention to the still, quiet God-given voice within. This gift isn't big or fancy, nor does it come in flashy trappings. But, it is costly. In fact, it requires everything you've got. Think about how Jesus came,...


text:
September 28/19 16:48 pm - Esports World Championships Announced for 2020
Posted by Editoress on 09/28/19
The UCI has announced that cycling esports will become a full discipline with a world championships as early as next year, after announcing a collaboration with the online cycling platform Zwift. National and Continental Championships will be held as qualifiers for the world championships.
The UCI signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Zwift for the governance and development of cycling esports as a new cycling discipline.
This MoU follows the integration of cycling esports into the UCI Constitution, which was approved by the Federation's Congress in September 2018 in Innsbruck (Austria). The objective is two-fold: to establish requirements that guarantee the speciality meets the standards of sporting integrity and fairness necessary for all UCI-sanctioned disciplines, and to launch the inaugural UCI Cycling Esports World Championships in 2020, as well as qualification events for these Championships, on the Zwift platform.
As part of the MoU, the UCI and Zwift will collaborate to ensure the sporting credibility of cycling esports events. This will include the establishment of a hardware programme that is reliable enough to be used in events sanctioned by the UCI, a performance verification programme that will validate a rider's performance and ward against technological fraud, and a rider identification system, including height and weight. Moreover, different formats of racing, for individuals and teams, will be tested. The UCI Regulations will be updated accordingly.
On the sporting side, the UCI will organise the 2020 UCI Cycling Esports World Championships (on the Zwift platform). These will be held on a date and at a venue that are still to be confirmed. The UCI and Zwift have agreed that a maximum of 15 National Championships will be organized in select countries as well as Continental Championships; these competitions, organized on-site or remotely on-line, will act as qualification events for the new UCI Cycling Esports World Championships. The Zwift application will be the only programme used for all these events.
Following the first edition of the World Championships, the UCI will launch a bidding process to determine the provider with which it will collaborate for the UCI Cycling Esports World Championships after 2020.
UCI President David Lappartient declared: "Cycling esports is a fantastic opportunity for the development of cycling. It is a new way of practising cycling that is expanding rapidly and enables more athletes, whether beginners or more experienced, to train and race regardless of what the weather is like and where they live. The Memorandum of Understanding between our Federation and Zwift is a decisive step towards the total integration of cycling esports by the UCI."
Zwift's Esports CEO Craig Edmondson added: "Earlier this year, we stated our ambition to develop an esports platform, but I think it's much more than that. We are looking to establish a new approach to the sport. This partnership is a significant leap forward in that journey. We are at the very beginning of a long and exciting roadmap here at Zwift as we look to establish a new and innovative cycling discipline."
Note: Canada is third in participation numbers, behind the US and Great Britain.


text:
Q: How to increment value continuously on mouse hold using angularjs mouse events? I want to increment value continuously until mouse hold on a button using angularjs.
<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="add('increase');"></button>

$scope.add = function(operation) {
  bill.quantity += 1;
}

A: Per my understanding, what want to continuously increment value on mouse pressed + hold.
Your code
$scope.add = function(operation) {
  bill.quantity += 1;
}

will just increment value by one on click.
For what you want to achieve, you have to have 2 events.

*

*First, when to start update (ng-mousedown).

*Second, when to stop update (ng-mouseup).

Also, events are fired only once, so you need to use setTimeout to increment in timely fashion.
Also, updating value in a setTimeout does not reflect directly. You will have to use $scope.$apply(). Refer following post for reference: AngularJS Input field not updating from setTimeout inside controller
Demo
JSFiddle.

var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);

function MyCtrl($scope) {
  var interval = null;
  $scope.bill = {
    quantity: 0
  };
  $scope.add = function(newVal) {
    console.log("Add");
    initInterval(newVal);
  }

  function initInterval(newVal) {
    if (!interval) {
      console.log("Interval start");
      interval = setInterval(function() {
        $scope.$apply(function() {
          $scope.bill.quantity += newVal;
        });
      }, 1000);
    }
  }

  $scope.clearInterval = function() {
    console.log("Interval cleared");
    if (interval) {
      window.clearInterval(interval);
      interval = null;
    }
  }
}

{{bill.quantity}}

  <button class="btn btn-primary" ng-mousedown="add(1);" ng-mouseup="clearInterval()">Increment</button>
  <button class="btn btn-primary" ng-mousedown="add(-1);" ng-mouseup="clearInterval()">Decrement</button>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This Digihome LED TV has 4K Ultra High Definition resolution so you can enjoy sharp detailed pictures on the big screen for a great price. To make the most of this great TV technology simply input a 4K UHD source as Netflix and you'll be amazed at the high quality images. This 4K Ultra High Definition LED TV also has Smart features such as Netflix iPlayer and Freeview Play. Freeview Play is live TV and on demand services all in one place so you can watch catch up TV and access last week's shows on demand with ease. Find programmes from BBC iPlayer the ITV Hub All 4 Demand 5 and UKTV Play sitting alongside over 70 digital channels and 15 HD channels. Simply connect your aerial and make sure your TV is connected to the internet and you're good to go.
The Digihome 32HD273T2 is the perfect TV for anyone looking for an affordable screen for either the bedroom or living room. The HD Ready 720p display shows crisp High Definition content on its 32" screen allowing you to watch the integrated Freeview HD channels (subject to availability & coverage).The A energy rating means you won't have to worry about the TV using lots of energy, using just a small 59kWh/annum.The ports on the back of the TV allow you to connect HDMI devices for HD content, VGA for connection to a computer and USB to view media files from a USB stick or Hard Drive.
The Digihome 55292UHDFVP not only gives you stunning detail through the 3840 x 2160 Ultra HD Screen, but you have an incredible collection of on demand TV to watch as and when you want to through the Freeview Play service. Just connect your television to the internet and Freeview Play will come alive, with access to the major catch up television services such as BBC iPlayer, ITV Hub, All 4, Demand 5 and UKTVPlay, you can watch all of the major channels at the push of a button. If you find it easier, you can scroll back from your television guide through the last week of television rather than searching individually. Freeview Play gives you total control over the television you want to watch, when you want to watch it.
The Digihome 5027SMT2FHDLED Smart HD Ready LED TV comes with integrated WiFi and includes new smart features including BBC iPlayer Netflix YouTube Facebook and Twitter. Now you can catch up on anything you may have missed. There is also a browser included so you can surf the internet on your TV. The Digihome 5027SMT2FHDLED comes with 2 HDMI ports 1 SCART socket and 1 USB port so you can connect a number of other devices to the TV. The 5027SMT2FHDLED is HD Ready so you could enjoy high quality images with vivid colours and sharp details. Additionally 2 x 8W (RMS) speakers will provide you with rich sound that matches the fantastic images you will see on screen.
Digihome 40292UHDSFVPT Black - 40inch 4K Ultra HD LED TV Smart WiFi Freeview Play 2x HDMI and 1x USB Ports.
With the 24272DVDLED TV from Digihome you will get a TV that is perfect for any household. The TV comes with HD ready and an integrated Freeview and a DVD player that is a perfect and affordable solution for any bedroom or lounge. As the TV will come with HD ready, it means that you will be able to enjoy high quality images all with vivid colours and much sharper details than ever before. All of this is powered by a 2x 6W (RMS) speakers meaning that it will add a rich sound that will no doubt match the fantastic images you are seeing on the screen. The Digihome TV features a HDMI port, a scart socket and a USB connection meaning you will be able to connect a vast number of other devices to you TV.


The average person makes hundreds of purchases each year. Unfortunately, the average person may also unintentionally overdraft their account from time to time. Almost always, such overdrafts are the result of losing track of how much money is in your checking account.
It's much easier to keep track of your financial affairs if you check your account balance in Online Banking on a regular basis. Reconciling your checkbook register with your online account activity is a good habit to begin. Not only will it help you avoid overdrafts, it will give you a better feel for your finances and help you monitor for any incorrect or fraudulent charges on your account.
You can also check your Dollar Bank account balances with the Dollar Bank App and Text Message Banking! Find out more about our account management options.
Record all transactions as they occur. This includes checks, deposits, ATM withdrawals, telephone transfers or payments, debit card purchases, pre-authorized automatic payments, direct deposits and any other transactions that affect your account balance. Keep your receipts from transactions you perform at your branch office or at an ATM machine.
Sign into your Online Banking account frequently to compare the transactions that appear on it to those recorded in your register.
- Look to see if you have any outstanding checks from two months ago.
- Be sure that you carried forward the correct balance when you began a new page in your checkbook register.
- If you can divide the difference between your online account and your checkbook register evenly by two, you may have added when you should have subtracted.
- If you can divide the difference between your online account and your checkbook register evenly by nine, you probably transposed numerals when you made an entry (i.e., $53 instead of $35). Check the figures in your checkbook register against those on your statement.
If the numbers still don't add up, go back over your work one more time. Did you forget to list an outstanding check? Did you miss an interest payment or service charge on the statement? Try to balance again - and if you still can't, we're here to help. Call 1-800-242-BANK or stop by your local Dollar Bank office.


text:
/**
 * @file 首页数据仓库
 * @author dongkunshan(windwithfo@yeah.net)
 */

import {
  action,
  computed,
  observable
} from 'mobx';
import fetch from 'isomorphic-fetch';

class {{{Name}}}State {
  @observable list = [];

  constructor(data) {
    this.list = data || [];
  }

  @action fetchData() {
    fetch('/mock/test')
    .then(function (response) {
      if (response.status >= 400) {
        throw new Error('Bad response from server');
      }
      return response.json();
    })
    .then((stories) => {
      console.log(stories);
      // this.list = stories.list;
    });
  }

  @action popItem() {
    this.list.pop();
    this.fetchData();
  }

  @computed get len() {
    return this.list.length;
  }
}

export default {{{Name}}}State;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The page provides the exchange rate of 1 Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) to Norwegian Krone (NOK), sale and conversion rate. Moreover, we added the list of the most popular conversions for visualization and the history table with exchange rate diagram for 1 Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) to Norwegian Krone (NOK) from Friday, 26/04/2019 till Friday, 19/04/2019. Latest update of 1 Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) exchange rate.
Convert currency 1 HKD to NOK. How much is 1 Hong Kong Dollar to Norwegian Krone? — 1.10 Norwegian Krone.
Hong Kong Dollar to Norwegian Krone, convert 1 HKD in NOK.


EXCLUSIVE: With her turn as "Grey's Anatomy's" Dr. Izzie Stevens very possibly coming to an end, Katherine Heigl will have some time to shoot the movie roles she covets.
But which film projects are priorities? Sources say she's currently contemplating several parts.
One lead candidate is "Blended," the modern-day Brady Bunch tale about two single parents who go on a blind date, then end up on a cruise with each other and their kids (and the romance and hijinks of course follow). Heigl is now attached to the Warner Bros. project, sources say (previous reports had Sandra Bullock also eyeing the female role), and it's mainly a matter of the actress deciding whether she wants to shoot it.
The "Blended" part has a certain familiarity to it. The semi-independent, semi-lonely single woman is a character Heigl has played before, in last year's "The Ugly Truth," and 2008's "27 Dresses," and 2006's "Knocked Up," and nearly all her previous big-screen roles, now that we think of it.