This is the WindowMaker article we have all been waiting patiently for: How to create and use themes. First, themes for WindowMaker will work on any operating system that can run WindowMaker.
The first thing we need to know about themes is where WindowMaker expects to find them on your system.
In an earlier article, I showed you where you can download themes from the Internet. In this article, I will show you how to create your own themes. When you download themes from the Internet, you download a .tar.gz file containing an archive of the theme to be installed.
The ~/GNUstep/Library/WindowMaker/Themes directory can be populated with theme archives. You can leave them as it is (in compressed form), or you can unpack the archives (using tar -zxvf <theme archive>.tar.gz). WindowMaker can work with these files either way.
We could leave the theme archives in compressed form to save disk space, but WindowMaker would have to decompress the file every time we change the theme. On newer laptops and desktops (with 2GB or more of memory), this should not really be a concern. However, if you have an older PC (about Pentium IV or earlier) with 512MB or less, there will be some delay due to the overhead needed to decompress the theme archives.
Uncompressing the theme archives allows us to modify the contents of the theme.
So how do we start a new theme?
First, create a new directory in your userspace. Be sure to append .themed to the end of your directory name so WindowMaker will know that this directory contains the contents of a theme. For example: If you call your theme MyCoolTheme, then you would create a directory named MyCoolTheme.themed somewhere in your userspace.
Tip: Create an empty directory in your userspace where you can build new themes. Then when you are ready to deploy your themes on your system, simply copy the contents of that directory to ~/GNUstep/Library/WindowMaker/Themes to make your new themes available for use with WindowMaker.
Tip: Do not use ~/GNUstep/Library/WindowMaker/Themes to create new themes. First, anything that goes into that directory is immediately available to WindowMaker. Second, if you compress the .themed directory to an archive (i.e. a .tar.gz file), your theme will be listed twice when you go to select a theme (one entry for the .themed directory, and one for the archive file).
If you have a graphical file manager installed, you may use it to create an empty directory to store your created themes. However, I recommend using a command line on a terminal such as xterm, konsole, or gnome-terminal because of some of the commands we will be using when we create WindowMaker themes.
In this example, I used xterm to create an empty directory (called WmakerThemes) for creating WindowMaker themes.
Tip: Creating an empty directory allows you to package themes for distribution (as .tar.gz files) without disturbing WindowMaker itself. Themes created here can be used on any computer running WindowMaker, whether the underlying operating system is PCLinuxOS, OpenSuSE, Slackware, FreeBSD, or other any other UNIX dialect.
What Makes Up A Theme?
A directory with the name of the theme followed by the .themed for the required extension.
A file called style, containing data that describes how WindowMaker's window elements are displayed. This is required in every theme, and the file must be named style for the theme to work with WindowMaker.
Graphics that are to be used by WindowMaker. These graphics are loaded according to the contents of style, and must be in the same directory as style.
Optional: Text files that describe the contents of the theme, copyright and licensing information, contact information, etc. These files are for documentation purposes only, and are recommended so others who want to know more about the theme can do so.
In this example, we are in the WmakerThemes directory. To create a new theme, we shall create a new directory within WmakerThemes. You can name this anything you like. Just be sure to append .themed to the name when you create the directory so WindowMaker will recognize the theme.
As we have seen when working with WindowMaker Configuration Manager and Wprefs.app, most every element that goes into a WindowMaker window is very configurable. For instance, the title bar can be a solid color, or it can be a part of a photograph, or it can be a gradient. A theme can be as creative or as plain as you want it to be.
Let us say that we want to create a theme to match my website. Then, we shall call this theme horneker-com. With the terminal window open and the current working directory being ~/WmakerThemes that we created previously, we create a new directory, then change to that directory by typing the following:.
Now we are ready to design our new theme.
Note: You can minimize the terminal window to minimize distraction when creating our theme, but the terminal will be available when we need it later.
I could have named this horneker.com.themed, but I have never seen a theme with multiple dots in its name at any website that hosts WindowMaker themes.
We have two tools at our disposal to begin the design: The Configuration Manager, and the Preferences Applet (WPrefs.app). The latter is accessed by double clicking on the GNUstep Icon on the upper right hand corner of the screen (where the Dock resides).
With the Preferences open, slide the scroll bar to the right where the tools we need will show in the window. The second and third buttons to the right of the toolbar give us what we need, namely colors and fonts. This is where we go to start the design.
Here we have selected Appearance Preferences. What we see is a visual tool where we can select desktop elements to modify. The box on the left allows you to con the desktop element you want to work on. As we are editing these elements, changes appear in this window so we can see what we are doing.
Here, we have the Focused Window titlebar selected as the element we are working on. The right side box contains a visual tool made up of popup menus, tabs and buttons. To edit this element, click on Edit in the right box.
Here, we can get into further detail. In this example, we have a vertical gradient of two colors, with each color represented as values of red, green and blue.
Selecting the left direction button changes the gradient to a vertical gradient. The middle direction button selects a horizontal gradient. The right direction button selects a diagonal gradient.
Default Color allows you to select a base color of which you can use in your theme design for each element.
Clicking on Default Color opens a color palette window. Here, we get a color wheel from which to directly select a color.
The slider on the right side adjusts the brightness of the currently selected color. Notice that as you use the slider, the selection is modified to reflect the change you make.
The magnifier on the upper left hand corner allows you to pick a color from the desktop using a "magnifying glass". You see a closer view of the desktop where the mouse pointer is located. Clicking at this point will select the color of the pixel where the mouse pointer is currently located.
The currently selected color is displayed on the color swatch to the right of the "magnifying glass".
You can also select colors using sliders. Below the swatch and magnifying glass are four buttons. The first button selects the color wheel.
The second button selects sliders you can use to select your colors.
There are four sliders for this tool. The first (displayed here) allows you to select the brightness of the color (as a percentage of white on the greyscale).
The second slider allows you to select red, green and blue values for color. The RGB model refers to basic components of color for displays and photographic transparencies.
The fourth slider allows you to select color in terms of hue, saturation and brightness.
The third button displays the spectrum of colors instead of a color wheel. There is only one palette to choose from, and only one spectrum to choose from at the moment.
To this date, I have not seen any installable palettes for this tool.
The fourth button is used to store names of colors often used.
For purposes of this article, we shall not worry about this feature, as there has hardly been any recent development on this tool.
Changes you make here immediately take effect. To exit, simply close the window by clicking on the X in the upper hand corner of the window.
Solid Color: Here. you can only select the color to use.
Simple Gradient Texture: Here, you select two colors, namely the color where you start the gradient, and the color where the gradient ends. You can also select the direction the gradient is displayed, namely vertical, horizontal or diagonal.
Gradient Texture: Similar to Simple Gradient Texture, the difference being that you can select which colors are to be included in the mix, and which order the colors are to be displayed. This is the default setting when you open Appearance Preferences.
Textured Gradient: Similar to Simple Gradient Texture, the difference here being that the simple gradient is overlayed on top of an image that you supply as a parameter. This image must be in XPM, XBM, JPEG, PNG, or GIF format. You also get the option of whether to tile the image, center the image, rescale the image to fit (with cropping possible), or maximize the image to fit the element. You can also select how much of the gradient you want to show on top of the image (the opacity option).
Image Texture: Here, you supply an image in the XPM, XBM, JPEG, PNG or GIF format. The image can be tiled, centered, rescaled (with empty space possible), or maximized to fit the space. Any space unused is filled with the color option, that you select similar to the other options.
With all of these options available, only your creativity can limit what you can do with a WindowMaker theme.
Back to our example theme. The graphics on my website are primarily greyscale images. This is part of my preference in website design, and greyscale works with most any device that can display web pages, including some e-Readers such as the 6-inch Pandigital Novel (which can only display in greyscale).
Focused Title Bar: This is displayed for the window that is currently interacting with the keyboard and mouse.
Unfocused Title Bar: This is displayed for other windows on the current desktop, except for the parent of the window that has the keyboard and mouse focus.
Owner of Focused Title Bar: This is displayed for the window that has control of the window that currently interacts with the keyboard and mouse.
Resize Bar: Appearing at the bottom of windows, this element allows you to resize windows on your desktop (where possible).
Menu Title Bar: This is the background for the header of menus that are displayed by WindowMaker.
Menu Item: This is where the background for menu items is displayed.
The color and options tabs provide more configuration options, including color of text items, and text alignment.
For this theme, I want to use greyscale elements. Let us start with the title bars. I would like to do greyscale gradients with the title bars and with the resize bar. Since the current element being edited is the Focused Window, we shall start with that. For this process, we shall click the Edit button to work on the Focused Window.
For the title bars, I want to create gradients that have a glossy look. What I am editing now are the title bars for windows that interact with the keyboard and mouse.
The colors shown here are from the default theme for PCLinuxOS. We shall use the Gradient Texture option rather than the Simple Gradient Texture option as we will be expanding on the list of colors shown here.
First, let us edit the basic colors shown here. To edit a color, simply select a color on the list and use the slider in the same window.
Tip: To achieve the greyscale effect on colors used here, set the Saturation level to zero (0), i.e. remove any intensity of the color hue. When this is done, the value of hue can be anything you want. For greyscale values, the hue value is irrelevant.
For most everything in WindowMaker, colors are represented as rr,gg,bb where rr, gg and bb contain red, green and blue values (respectively) in hexadecimal format ranging from 00 to FF.
Mathematical Note: For those of you who are not familiar with hexadecimal numbers, here is an explanation for what hexadecimal is. The decimal numbers is a base 10 system, that is there are ten numbers possible for a digit whose range is from 0 through 9. Hexadecimal numbers have sixteen possible values for a digit. We have all the digits of a base 10 number, i.e. zero through nine. To represent values of 10 through 15, the letters A through F are conventionally used.
Here, I set the saturation to zero (0) to obtain the greyscale values (of which there are 255).
So far, I have edited the current values so the gradient starts at (00,00,00) and ending at (a0,a0,a0). For those of you who are familiar with CSS stylesheets in website development, (00,00,00) equates to #000000 and (a0,a0,a0) equates to #a0a0a0.
We can add (and delete) colors to this list to adjust the final gradient to what we want. Feel free to experiment with color choices here. When you have what you want for the gradient, click on OK to commit the changes.
To add a color, highlight the line where you want to insert the new color. Click on Add. A copy of the highlighted line is made and inserted above where you highlighted (as shown here).
Add as many lines as you want, then edit each line so you can build your gradient the way you want it.
...and here is the result of this list.
As we build this list, we can immediately see how the finished gradient will look.
Next, we need to choose the direction the gradient will be displayed.
Clearly, we can see which variant can best be displayed on a title bar.
Since this has already been selected when this dialog box was opened, we can click on OK to commit the changes.
As we can see, the change to the theme we are building is immediate. However, the change does not take effect in the WindowMaker session until we click on Save.
After clicking on Save, we can see the changes to the current WindowMaker session are immediate. We can do the same with the other elements of the desktop.
All title bars display their gradients horizontally.
This gradient, when displayed horizontally, produces a 3D effect for the resize bar.
The gradient here was displayed horizontally.
Item dividers displayed, with the gradient displayed inside each item.
Item dividers displayed, with the gradient spanning the entire menu.
No item dividers displayed, the gradient spans the entire menu.
In addition, items can be aligned to the left, centered, or right justified. For this example, menus have no item dividers displayed, and the gradient spans the entire menu.
and made the gradient diagonal, which is best for a 64x64 tile.
Here is the result of the changes to the desktop elements after going through this example.
WindowMaker allows you to change the fonts displayed. Sans-serif is the default font used with WindowMaker as it is available with most any Linux distribution, as well as FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, or any other operating system that can run WindowMaker as a desktop.
Here, I have used Nimbus Sans as it is a clean and attractive font that comes standard with PCLinuxOS, Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSuSE and many other Linux distributions.
Once we have the theme configured so far, we can close out the Preferences tool.
Earlier, we opened a terminal window to create the directory to store the theme. We are going to need that terminal to create a file called style. This is a required file for every theme so WindowMaker can properly use the file.
Creating the file requires a command line interface. First, open a terminal window and change to the directory where the theme is stored.
We have just created a theme that can be used with any machine running WindowMaker. Type ls to verify this.
Colors here are represented as hexadecimal values formatted the same as hexadecimal values supplied on a CSS stylesheet, except the values are enclosed in double quotes.
Font style. slant=0 means the font is of normal type. slant=1 means the font is italicized.
Font weight. This determines the thickness of the font being used.
Font width. A value of 100 means normal width. Smaller values mean compressed type (in terms of the space occupied by the text). Larger values mean wider type.
Pixel size refers to the size of the font in terms of the height of the typeface. Usually, this refers to the point type (72 points to the inch).
For the attributes containing ExtendSpace in its name, these are boolean values, i.e. the only valid values are TRUE and FALSE. A value of -1 represents a TRUE value. A value of 0 represents FALSE (as one would expect).
Programmer's Note: Whether we are working with a 32-bit processor or a 64-bit processor, a value of -1 is represented in binary as a string of 1s. For example, a 32-bit representation of -1 is read as 11111111111111111111111111111111. Adding one to this value resets all bits to zero.
WindowMaker reads and processes gradients as lists. This list is used to render the gradient for the graphical elements.
Overall, this file looks like a piece of CSS code from a stylesheet. This is because much of the software the drives projects like WindowMaker, as well as standards of the Internet have their roots in the C programming language, and UNIX in general.
Also, the first web browser (Mosaic) was initially developed on a NeXT system, which ran NeXTStep (using a Mach kernel), which was an inspiration for WindowMaker itself, with a difference being that NeXTStep (as well as successors Mac OS-X and iOS) and GNUStep were developed with Objective C, whereas WindowMaker was developed in C.


Patients now have even better access to a GP at the weekends and in the evenings. Neighbourhood Access Hubs developed by Principal Medical Limited (PML) on behalf of Oxfordshire practices in 2015, have extended their opening hours so that yet more patients can benefit.
The aims of the service remain the same; patients needing a pre-bookable GP appointment at their own practice may be offered an appointment at a nearby practice, with a local GP or nurse who has access to their medical records.
This provides more appointments for patients during the day, the evenings and at weekends while relieving GP practices of some of the pressure of providing treatment for minor illnesses.


One of the best ways to get in contact with voters in the district is face-to-face discussion! Canvassing is a great way to meet with voters and listen to the issues that are important to them.
While it might seem intimidating to go knock on the doors of people you don't know, it's really very simple! Check out our canvassing 101 video below, and sign up for a canvassing event near you!


Thousands of Hawaiians were evacuated from their homes on Thursday after a volcano on the Big Island erupted and lava spurted from cracks in the ground.
The burst from Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, followed a 5.0 magnitude earthquake and opened a 492ft fissure in the ground.
Residents described fountains of lava shooting 150ft in the air as molten rock spread down paved streets in Leilani Estates, near the town of Pahoa.
Many left with just the clothes they were wearing.
Dangerously high levels of sulfur dioxide have also been detected in the air, the Hawaii County fire department warned.
Around 1,700 residents of Leilani Estates were ordered to evacuate on Thursday afternoon while some 10,000 people are in voluntary evacuation zones local officials said.
Henry Calio said he first sensed danger came when he saw cracks had emerged in the driveway of his retirement home.
His wife Stella then received a call from an official ordering them to leave immediately. They now worry their home will be destroyed.
"This is our retirement home, this is our retirement dream," Mr Calio said.


At PBell Sound, we believe in providing the finest equipment, designs and service possible. We listen to the client's needs and wishes and offer the best solutions to satisfy the requirements. The latest in digital processing, loudspeaker, amplifier and electronics are utilized. Gone are the days of analogue crossovers and equalizers with their lobing errors and phase cancellations, imperfect RTA readings and guesswork. Today's modern professional sound installations are engineered from the drawing board up to be a precis system properly interacting within the environment designed for while providing clear, intelligible program without causing fatigue. The integration of digital control and system testing/setup assures perfect adjustments thereby eliminating the need for constant "tweaking". Unlike yesteryear's analogue compressor/limiters, DSP controllers provide perfect, silent limiting in the digital domain. Go ahead: Let your DJ run the mixer in the red. DSP control and limiting silently protects your system, woofers, amplifiers and wallet.
Our favorite products are McCauley Sound loudspeakers and components and Bassmaxx technology bass cabinets, for those extreme, high output bass applications.McCauley Sound is a worldwide leader in the design and manufacture of professional loudspeakers and loudspeaker solutions. McCauley Speakers are 100 percent American made just south of Seattle, WA. From the casting and machining of raw baskets to a complete CNC cabinetry shop, it's all done in house under the watchful eye of Tom McCauley.
Bassmaxx manufactures a remarkable computer designed horn loaded bass cabinet with frequency response down to 20Hz with a sensitivity of 107 db. Real bass. Real loud. Accurate. A far cry from the boom boxes designed in the 70's such as the Richard Long Bertha, earthquakes or "W" cabinets. These boxes got loud but with tons of distortion and phasing problems. Not to mention they couldn't do very much below 50Hz. Bassmaxx cabinets are loaded with a single 18 inch driver and outperforms more expensive designs with dual woofers. Of course, they're loaded with the finest drivers available, McCauley.
Need a sound system done right? Give us a call.


text:
Home Sectors AEROSPACE & DEFENCE UK leads Europe in drone deliveries during Covid outbreak
UK leads Europe in drone deliveries during Covid outbreak
A recent shift in opinion has occurred with many people now seeing commercial drones as a viable future, a recent report from digital prototypes manufacturer Protolabs has found. Conducted in March and April and involving 325 aerospace innovators and leaders from across Europe, the report indicates an increased appetite for 'low space' innovation and investment into fast-track testing of robots and drones.
The report further shows that more than half of the companies questioned believe the use of commercial drones will be commonplace by 2023.
Further challenges accentuated by the Covid-19 outbreak have increased public awareness and willingness to embrace drone technology, the study reveals. 75% of companies questioned are convinced this presents a significant opportunity for industry growth.
The figure from the UK outperformed its peers in Italy, France and Germany.
Protolabs, whose UK branch is based in Telford, hires over 450 people in its branch.
Björn Klaas, vice president and managing director of Protolabs Europe, said: "Covid-19 has brought huge disruption to the global economy, with the aerospace sector being among the hardest hit.
"However, a crisis can act as a catalyst for further innovation, forcing organisations to seek alternative ways to survive in rapidly changing times. Our report shows that right now within aerospace, the 'low space' sector is demonstrating agility in its approach to innovation and there is a real appetite to see it work in the UK.
"The UKSA, the government agency responsible for the UK's civil space programme, just announced a new drive to fund space-enabled technology to strengthen the NHS response to coronavirus. Drone technology can help meet challenges, such as delivering test kits, masks, gowns and goggles, in the management of infectious disease outbreaks.
He continued: "Commercial drone deliveries are the most likely disruptor and this was reinforced across the duration of our study, which was carried out as the Covid-19 pandemic started to take grip. In just a few weeks, the appetite for this technology increased by 11% to 53%.
"Depending on legislation and advances in technology, it's feasible that last-mile delivery of products, through drones, could reach up to 30% of citizens across Europe. Furthermore, nearly a third of people feel that urban mobility will be a viable mode of transport in the next three years."
Despite the positive outlook, there are a several obstacles in the way of companies operating in low space.
The biggest challenge is the cost of the initial investment over the return on investment (ROI), according to a third of respondents. This is closely followed by technology integrations and issues with supply chains due to the effects of coronavirus.
The primary barrier to innovation is the lack of detailed testing programs and product development cycles, while risk management and inability to learn from failures could also stifle progress.
More than a third of companies want investment in STEM education, improved international regulation and collaboration and increased government support.
Significant advances in technology will also pave the way for value migration, new business models and superior products, including fast-charging lithium-ion-batteries, Artificial Intelligence and larger battery storage.
There has been much speculation as to the roles of drones and robots during the coronavirus outbreak, with many people providing valuable input. Some drone experts are calling on drones to be used to disinfect people during the outbreak with the ultimate goal of using this technology to contain the virus.
The global situation has provided a real way for companies to innovate. One robotics company uses its robots to increase productivity in the workplace during times of social distancing. Another company is reducing the risk of people spreading the virus by delivering small parcels of food to those in need.
Klaas concluded: "We are operating at a time when the unimaginable is fast becoming reality and the aerospace sector and supply chain has to keep pace with this change in attitude.
"There are real opportunities for suppliers to look at ways they can deliver parts that can be used in this transition, whilst exploring material applications that deliver the lightweight savings and optimum performance required."
Europe Covid-19 Protolabs Market Report Lead Story Aerospace Lead Story Coronavirus Aerospace and Defence Drones UK

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When you watch a film at a cinema, the sound seems to come from all around you. Speakers placed around the walls project sound from every angle to give the impression that you're in the thick of the action. A home cinema system tries to recreate this experience in your living room. The same surround-sound information used by cinemas is also stored on DVD and Blu-ray discs and even transmitted with some TV programmes.
A surround-sound system can decode this information and feed it to speakers located around your room, giving the sensation of a cinema experience in your home.
Voices and dialogue will be clearer, so you never miss what was said.
Explosions and loud effects will be more realistic and exciting.
Ambient effects, such as chatter in bar scenes, will be clearer and add to the immersion.
Surround sound effects will make you feel more part of the film.
Moreover many modern LCD and LED TVs have poor quality speakers. Manufacturers have had to squeeze tiny speakers into their increasingly slim sets and this, coupled with the lack of cabinet space, has badly affected the acoustic performance of today's TVs. The only way to recover this audio performance is to attach the TV set to an external amplifier and speakers, either a stereo hi-fi system or a home cinema surround-sound system.
Games consoles such as the Microsoft X-box 360 and Sony Playstation 3 also support Dolby digital surround sound, and most modern games come with a full surround-sound track to accompany the on-screen action. So if you're a serious gamer, buying a home-cinema surround-sound system is a compelling option.
Needless to say needs all this needs the right kind of cable both for the sound and the vision to get the best possible overall effect and to suit your budget.


text:
Do you want to know how big Donald Trump's junk is?
The circus continues as GOP front-runner alludes to the size of his manhood during debate
By Brian Hickey
Politics Opinion
Do you want to know how big Donald Trump's penis is?
I don't. Maybe you do. I doubt it. But life's a carnival, and we all see it through personalized prisms.
Here's the thing, though: A lot of people are talking about Donald Trump's penis today because Donald Trump slyly referred to his penis during a nationally (cable) televised presidential debate on Thursday night.
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Men will be boys and boys will be fixated on totems of masculinity that boost self-confidence, I suppose.
Take a moment to let those words sink in: A man seeking the most important job on the face of the Earth engaged in locker-room banter before the eyes of the world. I trust you see the inherent problem with that, insofar as the size of Donald Trump's penis in no way helps remedy the ills that face our nation.
That's not to say I don't understand why Donald Trump referred to Donald Trump's penis during the FoxNews debate in Detroit, some 70 miles away from a city where children were subjected to contaminated drinking water.
Here's the tl;dr rationale: Vanity Fair editor Graydon Carter exposed Trump's proverbial Achilles' heel when he shared word of the latter's penchant for recoiling when people mention the perceived stubbiness of his fingers, and how that reflects the size of other things.
Though an old adage sets hand size as reflective of penile size, a study published in the British Journal of Urology International found that is not, in fact, the case, and Snopes concurred. But men will be boys and boys will be fixated on totems of masculinity that boost self-confidence, I suppose.
So, when candidate Marco Rubio made a "hand" joke at Trump's expense earlier this week – he didn't comment on the size of Donald Trump's penis, but wink-nudged it and then made a reference to "trust" – Thursday night's response became an inevitability.
Here's hoping that's where the penis talk ends, though judging by the sideshow vibe the Republican race has taken on, that's probably a pipe dream.
This is especially true because Trump's foes are getting more desperate by the day, and the whole small hands thing has proven to essentially be the front-runner's lone weakness. It's the easiest way to get him flustered (though his Thursday response was anything but rabid), and a trailing campaign needs any advantage it can get.
While I like watching Trump squirm as much as the next gal or guy, this whole penis game is morally no better than political observers talking about the breasts of Hillary Clinton or Carly Fiorina. (Melania Trump's photo-spreads exempt her from this protection, hubba hubba.)
That's not exactly a fair comparison, what with breast size being more publicly-ish comparable than what the GOP lads are snickering about. With guys, though, penises and their size often take on a more deep-seated importance. Heck, some say motorcycles and guns are merely penile extension devices.
When I nearly got killed by a hit-and-run driver in 2008, among my weightiest concerns when I came to was penile-related. It had nothing to do with size – there's "no problem" there [insert wink emoji here] – and everything to do with reproductive ability. If there had been an issue, I worry that I'd feel less whole, less worthy, less of a man.
That's wrong, but that was my reality. That was more important to me than whether surgeons would replace the skull flaps they removed to let my brain heal. Seriously. I'm certain I'm not alone in having stories that speak to assessing outsized importance along those lines.
That all but certainly plays into overcompensation in all facets of life for many men. This includes pursuit of war. Hell, the fact that Hillary Clinton will definitely lose votes because she doesn't have a penis is proof positive of that.
Just because Donald Trump is sensitive about the size of his hands and/or penis doesn't mean we should mock him. When we reduce people to body-part discussions, we're no better than teens bullying teens in the high-school locker room.
That it took a political bully getting bullied to spark this discussion may be this election cycle's most damning aspect of all.
Brian Hickey
Read more Politics Opinion United States Presidential Campaign Debate Donald Trump


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UFS Stem Academy
Vooruitsig Primary School
Du Noon Primary School,
Heideveld Primary School
Portia Primary School
Kensington High School
Northpine Technical High
False Bay College Alterations
False Bay College Upgrade
Kensington High School, KensingtonEducational
Kensington High School is a replacement school built as part of the Department of Basic Education's Accelerated School Infrastructure Development Initiative (ASIDI) Programme. The buildings are arranged around external courtyards which protects learners and staff from the strong south easterly wind of the Cape Flats. The simplicity of the perimeter blocks are broken and contrasted by the expressive form of elements which contain special functions and significance. These include the front gate area, the staff room and main vertical circulation areas. The new school building accommodates 35 classrooms, 7 specialized classrooms (home economics, laboratories, handwork, and computer rooms), a media centre, an administration building and alterations and additions to the existing forum which include a new foyer and feeding kitchen. The aim was to design a school that inspires, but at the same time be robust enough to reduce maintenance costs so that it can last for future generations of learners to come.


These are nice. The inputs can be any signal crossing 1V. The logic outputs give 5V gates that are all related to each other as made up of different input combinations. The S&H input can be a trigger, gate or CV. The stepped and slewed outputs an be very similar to what comes out of the Sauce of Unce or Buchla 265 SOU. The ICs are all thru-hole, resistors can be 1206 or 0805 smd. Pretty easy build, has 4 LEDs for blinkenlights.
Using different logic chips gives you some pretty different behaviour so it is worth having more than one of these. The XOR/XNOR chips cn be used as crude ring modulators at audio frequencies.
This is a great module for just patching in any spare outputs from LFOs, sequencers, ADSRs, etc and generating a whole bunch of gates and CVs that are sync'd with everything else going on in your patch.


OK, my grand plans for streaming live yesterday didn't work, but a lot of Shmoobus antics were fed to http://shmoobus.tumblr.com/, and will be again on Sunday for the trip home.
By the way, this is no way to start a road trip. Shmoocon Snowpocalypse II. As always, thanks to Astaro for sponsoring this mayhem.
Unknown gives a "research button" which launches a search for you.
The value isn't just in making sure your plugins are up to date, but also in showing you a list of them. As with anything else in security, get rid of any you don't need. You may have to settle for disabling some items which can't be uninstalled.
So what's the bad news? After you have done this with all the browsers you use, stop and think about doing that throughout your network. Mildly annoying to take a few minutes sitting in front of your machine; painful to agonizing, or even impossible throughout a network. It is enough work making sure the browsers themselves are up to date, plug-ins and add-ons are pretty much hopeless. Sure, patch- and systems-management tools get the browser and applications, but the extras are hanging out there exposed- and there isn't a good answer for that.
Shmoocon is only a couple of weeks away. This year, I've offered to help with the FireTalks. FireTalks are two-hour sessions of 15 minute talks given in the evenings between the normal course of Shmoocon talks and whatever debauchery is planned for the later hours.
There are still speaking slots open, and we could use a few more sponsors, too.
Head over to the NovaInfosec Portal and see this post for more information.
I was fortunate enough to attend several Security BSides events last fall, I saw a lot of good talks and engaged in several great conversations. Two talks, one at BSides in Dallas/Ft. Worth and one the following week in Ottawa touched on similar issues that really resonated with me. At the Dallas/Fort Worth event Nick Selby discussed his ideas for "Creating an Abstraction/Translation Layer Between InfoSec and Law Enforcement" (slide deck available here). In Ottawa, Adrien de Beaupré presented a talk on the need for CERTs or CIRTs in Canada (Computer Emergency Response Teams or Computer Incident Response Teams). Both talks spawned great conversations, some of which are still ongoing. While they are two different issues, the talks and discussions had some key similarities, especially around needing to know who to turn to for help, and the need to build relationships and trust before a crisis strikes.
Nick's focus is on helping organizations communicate effectively with law enforcement when they suffer a breach or have other reasons to turn to law enforcement. Making the leap from traditional police work to investigating and prosecuting computer crime isn't easy, and both sides of the conversation could often use some help- that is what Nick is trying to facilitate.
Adrien's objective is more broad, he is trying to drive creation of a Canadian response team or teams to help organizations deal with a variety of computer incidents, and to foster information sharing.
The time to ask (and more importantly, answer) these questions is not during a crisis. If you are in a large enterprise, internal security and incident response teams should already have contacts in the corporate legal office as well as in regional and national law enforcement. In smaller organizations, you may not have anyone who knows who to turn to if (when) something bad happens.
Where can you turn to start building your web of trust so you know who to call in a crisis? Every organization and situation may be different, but here are some suggestions.
1) Start with your existing personnel, ask who has resources and recommendations, and share the information. If your organization uses an external incident response company, ask them for advice.
2) Think about the groups and organizations you belong to (or should). Local ISSA, NAISG, InfraGard or other groups are great places to start this discussion. The groups may be Information Security related, or may be specific to your industry. You may also meet people at conferences or other industry events who can help you. Just make sure you solidify contacts before a problem happens, sending an email to a mail list trying to find "that guy I met in Las Vegas- we talked about data breaches" is not the best way to react to a crisis. Keep in mind that your organization's management and legal counsel should be consulted before you take any action or set policies.
Don't wait until you have a crisis to think about who you can turn to. And make sure others in your organization have the information, too- because emergencies may happen when you are not available.
Note: if you are interested in either of the projects mentioned above and you would like an introduction to either Nick Selby or Adrien de Beaupre, please send a message to me at jdaniel at astaro.com and I will be happy to connect you.


text:
Vancouver Driver Sets New Coast to Coast EV Record
Published on September 27, 2021 in Electric by Louis-Philippe Dubé
While fast-charger accessibility still tops the list of concerns for Canadians who are skeptical about getting an EV, one Western Canadian duo took advantage of the ever-growing fast-charging station network to link St. John's, NB and Victoria, B.C. in record time.
On board their fully electric Audi e-tron SUV, Harvey Soicher and co-driver Kent Rathwell took on the 7,000-kilometre journey and completed it in four days and 19 hours, consequently setting a record for the fastest drive of the entire Trans Canada Highway in an electric car.
Also: Next-gen Porsche 718 Models to Go Fully Electric, Report Claims
Also: New EV Chargers Coming to Ontario
Or course, the Trans-Canada Highway made it easier for them; that's where the country's charging network was born and is currently growing at a fast pace. Taking the side roads would've undoubtedly resulted in a completely different challenge – one with more planning involved, and much longer charging times to factor in.
While Soicher wants Canadians to know that electric vehicles must be more widely adopted to help curb climate change, and that the technology is more reliable and far ranging than ever, there was a special, more personal reason behind the adventure. Soicher had originally planned to tackle the long drive with his wife Mary Ann, but she died of cancer in June 2018.
A year later, Soicher crossed Canada in his EV, taking 63 days to complete the stretch. But with the ever-growing charging network, a '2.0' drive was in order and Soicher set out on the road again, wrapping the sides of the vehicle with his wife's name and the charity set up in her memory.
"Transportation done by fossil fuels is a high percentage of carbon emissions," Soicher told CBC News. "This summer, with all the fires, people are really realizing that we have to make some changes, quickly."
Photo: Harvey Soicher
The Growing Fast-Charging Network Makes Longer Trips Possible
Newfoundland and Labrador's new fast-charging station network was the last piece of the puzzle needed to complete the trip in record time. Prior to this, it would have been impossible to cross the province in a reasonable amount of time and within legal speed limits.
Although a previous team in a Tesla drove Highway 1 from B.C. to Halifax in a faster time, the trip didn't cover the full length of the highway, making Mary Ann's Electric Drive 2.0 the first record for travelling the length of the Trans Canada Highway the fastest in an electric vehicle.
Photo gallery More on the Audi e-tron
Next-gen Porsche 718 Models to Go Fully Electric, Report Claims
New EV Chargers Coming to Ontario
Tesla Superchargers to be Accessible to All EVs Starting Later This Year
Electrify Canada Now Aims for 500 Fast Chargers by 2025
Gas Prices Soar Past $1.75 in Vancouver, Setting a Record
Audi e-tron Gets Fresh Looks, More Range, New Name
2023 Audi Q8 e-tron: Increased Performance and Longer Range


The condo is becoming the first preference of everyone, who is searching for the job. If you are also finding any house, then it is advised to go with Meyer Mansion Freehold Condo. This is a freehold project, which is located near man necessary facilities. Well, we can see many more similar projects; however, none of them has the potential to beat this.
By choosing the option of this condo, we can also take advantage of proper security. There is no need to worry about the security feature as a guard house is present. We can stay safe and secure and also enjoy a unique lifestyle.
What are the floor plans?
Various floor plans are present, and we can select anyone according to the needs and requirements. Well, these floor plans can be changed by the developer. While we are looking for one or two or three bedroom unit, we can easily get. When it comes to facing, then there are two types. If you are willing to get a unblock view, then go with the option of 6th or above the floor.
If you have any kind of doubt, then contact them without any hesitation. After requesting, we can get the full copy of floor plans with ease. This is a good option for collecting the required information related to the floor plans. In case, if you are still confused, then visit the official website where maximum information related to location and project details can be collected.
Apart from this, we can register on the official website, and it will prove beneficial. By getting a VVIP review, the registered buyer will get a discount. Along with this, they will also get the chance to pick one unit according to the need.


text:
Q: How to build Haskell app with a dependencies? I have the Haskell application with some dependencies. A one package from the dependencies contains a bugfix, which wasn't included into the hackage release yet, so I want to install it from github directly.
git clone http://github.com/some/repo .deps/repo
cabal sandbox init
cabal sandbox add-source .deps/repo/
cabal install --only-dependencies
cabal build

But instead of the successful building I have an error
Could not find module `Some.Repo.Module'

.cabal-sandbox directory contains the file add-source-timestamps
[("x86_64-linux-ghc-7.6.3",[("/home/user/app/.deps/repo",0)])]

but nothing else.
What I'm doing wrong? Maybe I'm missed some steps?

A: If you want to import the packages in the sandbox sources, you still need to add them as build dependencies to your cabal file.
This answer is derived from the comments to the question.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Do You Know This Basic War Vocabulary?
It's unfortunately necessary to understand war vocabulary if you want to follow the news or study history in English.
The words below are nouns (n.) unless they have a note that they are adjectives (adj.) or verbs (vb.). Many have a singular form ending in 'y' with a plural ending in '-ies': ally/allies, army/armies, enemy/enemies, navy/navies, sentry/sentries, etc.
Military is an adjective or noun meaning related to a nation's armed forces.
Civilian (also adj. or n.) means someone or something not in the military.
Enemies or opponents are nations or people fighting against a country.
Allies are nations on the same side, supporting each other.
Neutral countries are nations that are not involved on either side.
War is a violent conflict between two or more groups (usually nations).
A battle is a violent encounter between opposing sides, often as part of a larger war.
A revolution is a struggle between large groups (often those who have been powerless trying to seize power from the current dominant class) that leads to a major change in government and society.
A rebellion (or revolt or uprising) is major resistance to the current government. Any of these, if successful, lead to a change in government or at least concessions from the existing government (agreeing to meet some of the demands of the rebels), but the changes do not normally overthrow class relations and social arrangements as a revolution does.
To fortify something (a vb.) is to make it strong. Forts are buildings with strong walls to guard important places (like rivers, beaches, mountain passes, or other key entry points) from attack. Fortifications are any protective walls, trenches (ditches to hide in), forts, etc. built for protection.
To guard (a verb: vb.) is to watch over and protect someone or something, and a guard (n.) is the person who does that. A sentry is a military guard keeping watch and preventing enemies from entering a camp, fort, or other place.
An invading army can besiege (vb.) a fortified city by surrounding it and trying to cut off its supplies. The intention of a siege (the noun) is to starve the residents into surrender, or weaken them enough that it will be possible to overcome their defenses and capture the city.
A naval blockade (n. or vb.) is similar: ships prevent necessary supplies from reaching a city or country. It can be very effective in countries that depend on trade for much of their food and other basic needs, as well as weapons and income to keep fighting. During the American Civil War a blockade of the South cut off needed supplies as well as income, because the South had specialized in producing cotton for export rather than diversifying their economy to produce the weapons, equipment, and food they needed to get by on their own.
To capture (usually vb.) people or cities is take control of them.
An ambush (n. or vb.) is a trap planned to capture or destroy enemy troops. Usually the side that plans the ambush hides most of their troops and makes it appear that their enemies can get an easy victory in a place. Once their enemies have attacked their position, the hidden troops come out and overwhelm the enemy forces.
Victory is winning a battle (or a war.) Defeat is losing it, and a stalemate occurs when neither side gains much.
An army is troops that fight on land: soldiers.
The Marine Corps (pronounced core) troops are amphibious (able to fight on both land and sea) and often lead the fighting in landings and special operations.
Air Force pilots fly a nation's aircraft. The Air Force coordinates with the other military services. It collects information on battlefields and enemy positions by aerial reconnaissance, carries paratroopers who will parachute behind enemy lines, drops bombs, and tries to shoot down enemy planes.
The military forces of a nation are built up by voluntary enlistment, in which people choose to sign up for a term of service, or by conscription, in which the nation requires some or all men (or all people) of certain ages to join.
A fleet is a group of ships that travel together. Battleships do the main fighting on the seas.
Aircraft carriers have very large decks to carry airplanes and allow them to take off and land on the deck. The airplanes are used for reconnaissance (discovering enemy positions and numbers) and bombing.
Troop transports carry large numbers of soldiers across the water to the places they intend to fight.
Submarines (often called "subs") travel underwater to attack ships from beneath without being seen.
As mentioned, aircraft can serve to gather information, bomb enemy positions, fight against enemy aircraft, and carry paratroopers. Helicopters can maneuver, take off, and land in tight spots that airplanes cannot. This makes them very useful for rescue missions.
Tanks are offensive armored vehicles with big guns. They move on tracks connecting the wheels, so they can go into places many trucks could not reach.
Uniforms are the matching outfits worn by members of each service on formal occasions. (See the picture under "Armed Forces.") Historically, they were used in battle as well, to make it easy to identify comrades and enemies in close combat.
However, they also make troops easy targets for sharpshooters, so in battle soldiers are more likely to wear camouflage now.
Camouflage is clothing or vehicle coverings that blend with surroundings to make it harder for the enemy to see (or aim at) troops or equipment.
Helmets are hard head coverings to protect the head and often the neck.
Armor protects the body (especially the chest, but often also back, arms, legs, and hands.). It can be made of metal pieces fastened together so they allow movement or heavy quilted cloth.
Knights in the Middle Ages often rode into battle almost completed covered in armor, with a headpiece that completely covered the head and face as well, except for narrow openings for eyes, ears, and mouth.
Shields are large oval or rectangular pieces of metal (or other firm material) that can be held in from of the body and moved to block swords, spears, or arrows.
All of these except swords, knives, and mines are designed to be used at a distance.
Guns are weapons that shoot metal bullets over a distance. An automatic fires multiple shots without reloading. A rifle, like an automatic, has a long barrel. A pistol is a type of handgun, smaller and easier to carry or to conceal (hide).
The verbs for using guns are 'to shoot' or 'to fire', so soldiers might hear or be attacked by gunfire or gunshots.
Grenades are hand-held explosive devices that can be thrown to blow up a vehicle, building, or group of people.
Land mines are buried devices that explode when someone or something puts weight on them.
Missiles are explosive objects sent to blow up their target. They can be self- or remote-controlled and can even be nuclear.
Torpedoes are missiles fired from ships or submarines or dropped from the air. They explode on impact, to damage or sink ships.
Archers use bows to shoot arrows for much longer distances than spears can travel.
Swords are long sharp weapons used in hand-to-hand (close) combat or from horseback. Knives are similar, but shorter.
Cannons are heavy long metal tubes with a gunpowder-loading mechanism at the end. They shoot iron cannonballs or smaller ammunition like grapeshot or explosive shells from a distance.
They can break down castle or fort walls and knock holes in the side of ships, causing them to sink, as well as kill many soldiers in the field. Cannons were introduced to Europe from China in the Middle Ages, and were still major killers during World War I and II.
A signal is a message sent without words. It can be a hand or body gesture, a light, fire, or smoke, or a sound—possibly a certain number of gun shots that the sender and receiver have agreed on.
Written codes can be very complicated, substituting numbers for letters, certain words for other words, or even changing letters according to a machine that the other person must also have to understand the coded message.
The purpose of propaganda is either to convince a nation's own people or troops that the enemy is terrible and the war is worth its costs, or to discourage civilians and military personnel on the enemy side and cause them to doubt the value of continuing to fight.
If you want to see these terms in context, you can find much of this war vocabulary on many history or news websites. One place to start is this History.com page on D-Day (Allied landings in the North of France in 1944, as the start of a campaign to take back western Europe from Nazi Germany.
There's also a closely related page on EnglishHints: Vocabulary for Violence.


JOHN H. HORNBAKER, M.D., F.A.C.P.
A number of instances of malignant lymphoma terminating in leukemia have been reported. In most of these cases the ultimate leukemic cell type has usually been one of a variety of the lymphocytic series.1, 2, 3, 4 However, a report published in 1954 concerned a patient with reticulum cell lymphoma whose final event was acute myeloid leukemia.5 We wish to add another instance of this unusual association by reporting a case of giant follicular lymphoma that terminated in acute myelocytic leukemia.
Published: Ann Intern Med. 1960;53(1):221-227.
Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2019;17(3):166-175.


text:
Gastonia attorney censured by bar
Adam Lawson
alawason@gastongazette.com
The North Carolina State Bar censured a Gastonia attorney recently for a pair of violations that occurred several years ago.
Larry Hoyle scheduled vacation in 2013 without listing a traffic hearing he was scheduled to attend during the time he asked off. He later had the hearing continued until after his vacation, according to the State Bar.
Hoyle, who has practiced law for 29 years, also acknowledged that in 2015 he struck an order for arrest for someone who failed to show to court.
The suspect was represented by a public defender, but Hoyle said he struck the arrest after being contacted by the suspect's family and a professional bail bondsman.
Hoyle said public defenders typically welcome private attorneys coming in and lightening their case load.
"The issue was that I did not have direct authority from the client himself," Hoyle said. "I spoke to the family instead of directly to him. That is a violation."
Hoyle said he didn't know there was a restriction on bondsmen asking attorneys to represent their clients, according to State Bar documents. He said Tuesday that both violations were unintentional.
Other than censuring Hoyle, the State Bar took no action against him. Hoyle said the action represents a learning experience.
"Every once in a while we need to take a step back and get a reminder there are rules out there that need to be followed no matter how technical they may be," Hoyle said. "It's a reminder there are requirements and we are required to follow these requirements. But I did not ever do this intentionally."
You can reach Adam Lawson at 704-869-1842 or on Twitter @GazetteLawson.


ANTHONY PAYNE was booked on 11/8/2018 8:33:01 PM. PAYNE was arrested by Midland County Sheriff's Office in Midland, Michigan. PAYNE was 21 years old at the time of the arrest.
ANTHONY PAYNE may not have been convicted of the charges or crimes listed and are presumed innocent until proven guilty. Please contact the Midland County Sheriff's Office for more information regarding arrest records.


A group of Whistler runners finished tops in their competitive categories at the annual Squamish Titans Fall Classic 10 km road race Sunday, Nov. 2.
Scott Young finished in 35 minutes 51 seconds, which was good for second place overall.
David Higgins was fifth overall in 38:22 and third in the 30 to 39 age category.
Just two weeks after competing in the Ironman World Championships in Hawaii, Paul Suter finished 14 th overall in 40:48, and was third in the 40 to 49 category.
Christine Suter was the fourth female in 43:54, and was second in the women's 30 to 39 group.


the problem that Joel Salatin isn't confronting that is the primary cause of everything he objects to is Capitalism. It goes beyond the food system. Why do we put 1000 pigs in one building? Because the market treats everything the same, whether it's widgets or life. Everything must be made more efficient to extract a profit that is at least 3% increase over last year's profit. Everything is treated as an input/output system, including life, and it is bent to the will of the market, everything except executive pay that is. With executives, the owner class, the capitalists, since they own everything, they think they deserve everything they own, so they are never forced to be made more efficient by the market, because the system of Capitalism is founded on private ownership of everything. The CEO doesn't lose money when his business fails. He gets another business to extract wealth from until it's drained dry. The ones left behind in factory farming or any business under Capitalism are the pigs living in tighter conditions until slaughter and the humans who eat those pigs.


text:
La Llei 19/2017, de 20 desembre, de renda valenciana d'inclusión és una llei valenciana que estableix una nova renda mínima en l'àmbit autonòmic del País Valencià, reformant la que ja hi havia. Entrà en vigor el 23 d'abril de 2018.

L'esborrany de l'Avantprojecte de Llei va rebre 135 al·legacions, de les quals el 27% van ser acceptades i integrades al text, mentre que el 12% passaren a desenvolupament reglamentari i el 10% ja coincidien amb el que hi havia escrit. Aquestes al·legacions provenien de ciutadans i entitats com sindicats, entitats d'acció social i professionals.

El 30 de novembre de 2017 va ser aprovada a les Corts Valencianes amb els vots a favor de tots els partits polítics excepte del Partit Popular de la Comunitat Valenciana que es va abstindre. L'11 de gener de 2018 va ser publicat al Butlletí Oficial de l'Estat.

Contingut
La renda s'estableix en col·laboració amb els ajuntaments.

Els requisits per rebre la renda valenciana d'inclusió són:
que tinguen un any de residència a la Comunitat Valenciana o haver viscut ací 5 anys dels últims 10; no disposar de recursos econòmics o que siguen inferiors a la quantia de la renda valenciana d'inclusió; ser major de 25 anys, ser major de 16 anys i tindre persones a càrrec seu, o ser major de 18 anys i haver tingut un treball remunerat d'almenys un any; i no tindre un patrimoni equivalent al valor de 7 vegades la quantia màxima anual de la renda valenciana d'inclusió, sense comptar l'habitatge habitual.

A més, a les personas refugiades, en asil o víctimes d'explotació sexual, de violència de gènere o tràfic de persones no se'ls exigeix temps de residència.

La renda valenciana presenta dos modalitats:
 Renda complementària d'ingressos: Els ingressos que complementa poden vindre de la feina o d'altres prestacions. La quantitat és establida mitjançant un reglament.
 Renda complementària d'ingressos per prestacions(Entra en vigor en 2019)
 Renda complementaria de ingresos por treball (Entra en vigor en 2020)
 Renda de garantia: La quantitat està establida en percentatges del salari mínim interprofessional segons el nombre de membres de la unitat de convivència. Entraren en vigor quan entra en vigor la llei en general.
 Renda de garantia d'ingressos mínims
 Renda d'inclusió social

Referències

Bibliografia

Renda Inclusio
Salut i benestar social
IX Legislatura del País Valencià

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Eurovision Song Contest Wiki
B, C
D, E, F, G, H, I
I, L, M
M, N, P, R
T, U, Y
Insieme: 1992
Jérémie Makiese
Circus Mircus
Intelligent Music Project
Amanda Tenfjord
Carola Häggkvist
Amina Annabi
C'est le dernier qui a parlé qui a raison
Lusitana paixão
Poupée de cire, poupée de son
Udo Jürgens
Butch Moore
Walking the Streets in the Rain
Kathy Kirby
Marie Myriam
L'oiseau et l'enfant
Sandie Shaw
Anne Marie David
Tu te reconnaîtras
La La Love
Roberto Bellarosa
Love Will Set You Free
You and Me (Takasa)
Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision's Greatest Hits
Voting Systems
Voting Diaspora
Televoting
Tie Situation
Douze Points!
National Jury
Nul Points
Barbara Dex Award
Executive Supervisor
Curse of Number Two
Curse of Green
Record holder
Sandra Kim
Corde della mia chitarra
in: Big Five
Heartflags of the Big Five
The "Big Five" (formerly "Big Four") are the group of countries who make the biggest financial contributions to the European Broadcasting Union (EBU).
In 2000, a rule was created to allow those countries direct entry into the final of the Eurovision Song Contest regardless of their placing in the previous year's contest, fear of relegation, or having to go through a semi-final round. With the return of Italy to the contest in 2011, the Big Four became known as the Big Five.
With the introduction of the semifinals in 2004, the maximum amount of entries allowed in the final were capped at 24 from 2004-2007, and 25 from 2008-2010. As of 2012, this maximum cap now stands at 26: the Big Five, the host nation, and the 10 qualifiers from each of the two semifinals. Their only other requirement, aside from voting in the final, is to broadcast and vote in their assigned semifinal. And since 2016, clips of their live jury rehearsal performances are shown during their assigned semifinals rather than their official music videos.
The only exceptions to this rule occurred in 2011, 2015 and 2022. In 2011 and 2022 respectively, Germany and Italy (host nations) were both Big Five countries, so the entries for the final were capped at 25 - this rule applies to any Big Five nation that wins the contest in the future.
When Australia debuted in 2015, it was given an automatic pass to the final as the guest nation as well as full voting rights for both semifinals, capping the entries at 27.
Members of the "Big Five"
France (France 2)
Germany (ARD/NDR)
Italy (RAI) since 2011
Spain (TVE)
United Kingdom (BBC)
Stories have said that the rule was developed at first to appease Germany, which had failed to qualify for the 1996 contest through the audio-only qualifying round (it would have been relegated due to a last-place finish in 1995).
All five of these nations have won the contest at least twice.
Since the introduction of the Big Five rule in 2000, Germany (2010) and Italy (2021) are the group's only winners.
Three members of the Big Five (France, Germany and Italy) are also part of the Founding Seven nations.
France is the only member of the Big Five to have never scored nul points.
1956 • 1957 • 1958 • 1959 • 1960 • 1961 • 1962 • 1963 • 1964 • 1965 • 1966 • 1967 • 1968 • 1969 • 1970 • 1971 • 1972 • 1973 • 1974 • 1975 • 1976 • 1977 • 1978 • 1979 • 1980 • 1981 • 1982 • 1983 • 1984 • 1985 • 1986 • 1987 • 1988 • 1989 • 1990 • 1991 • 1992 • 1993 • 1994 • 1995 • 1996 • 1997 • 1998 • 1999 • 2000 • 2001 • 2002 • 2003 • 2004 • 2005 • 2006 • 2007 • 2008 • 2009 • 2010 • 2011 • 2012 • 2013 • 2014 • 2015 • 2016 • 2017 • 2018 • 2019 • 2020 • 2021 • 2022
Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Australia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Israel • Italy • Latvia • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Malta • Moldova • Monaco • Montenegro • Morocco • The Netherlands • North Macedonia • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • San Marino • Serbia • Serbia and Montenegro • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • United Kingdom • Ukraine • Yugoslavia
Winning Songs
Refrain • Net Als Toen • Dors, mon amour • Een beetje • Tom Pillibi • Nous les amoureux • Un premier amour • Dansevise • Non ho l'età • Poupée de Cire, Poupée de Son • Merci, Chérie • Puppet on a String • La, La, La • Boom Bang-a-Bang • Vivo Cantando • Un jour, un enfant • De Troubadour • All Kinds of Everything • Un banc, un arbre, une rue • Après Toi • Tu Te Reconnaîtras • Waterloo • Ding-a-Dong • Save Your Kisses For Me • L'Oiseau et l'enfant • A-Ba-Ni-Bi • Hallelujah • What's Another Year • Making Your Mind Up • Ein bißchen Frieden • Si la vie est cadeau • Diggiloo Diggiley • La Det Swinge • J'aime La Vie • Hold Me Now • Ne Partez Pas Sans Moi • Rock Me • Insieme: 1992 • Fångad av en stormvind • Why Me? • In Your Eyes • Rock 'n' Roll Kids • Nocturne • The Voice • Love Shine a Light • Diva • Take Me To Your Heaven • Fly on the Wings of Love • Everybody • I Wanna • Everyway That I Can • Wild Dances • My Number One • Hard Rock Hallelujah • Molitva • Believe • Fairytale • Satellite • Running Scared • Euphoria • Only Teardrops • Rise Like a Phoenix • Heroes • 1944 • Amar pelos dois • Toy • Arcade • Zitti e buoni
Barbara Dex Award • Big Five • Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest • Curse of Number Two • Curse of Green • Douze Points! • ESCRadio Awards • ESC Top 250 • Europe Shine a Light • Eurovision Again • Eurovision's Greatest Hits • Eurovision National Broadcasters • Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga • Executive Supervisor • Founding Seven • Grand Prix • Head of Delegation • Lynda Woodruff • Marcel Bezençon Awards • National Jury • Nul Points • Official Rules • OGAE • Pre-Parties • Pre-Song Postcards • Reference Group • Scoreboard • Stand-ins • Televoting • The Reorder Board • Tie Situation • Top Scoring Songs • Voting Diaspora • Voting Systems • Withdrawn Songs • Records
More Eurovision Song Contest Wiki
1 Eurovision Song Contest 2022
2 Celine Dion
3 Big Five
Eurovision Song Contest Wiki is a FANDOM Music Community.


text:
Karande S
Marraro G A
Spada C
:: References
Year : 2021 | Volume : 67 | Issue : 1 | Page : 1-3
Minimizing medical errors to improve patient safety: An essential mission ahead
S Karande1, GA Marraro2, C Spada2
1 Department of Pediatrics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
2 Healthcare Accountability Lab, University of Milan, Milano, MI, Italy
Date of Web Publication 30-Jan-2021
S Karande
Department of Pediatrics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra
DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_1376_20
Karande S, Marraro G A, Spada C. Minimizing medical errors to improve patient safety: An essential mission ahead. J Postgrad Med 2021;67:1-3
Karande S, Marraro G A, Spada C. Minimizing medical errors to improve patient safety: An essential mission ahead. J Postgrad Med [serial online] 2021 [cited 2022 Jan 20];67:1-3. Available from: https://www.jpgmonline.com/text.asp?2021/67/1/1/308517
Medical error has been defined as an unintentional act (either of "omission" or "commission") or one that does not achieve its intended outcome, the failure of a planned action to be finished as intended (an "error of execution"), using an incorrect plan to achieve a goal (an "errors of planning"), or a deviation from the method of care which could or might not cause harm to the patient.[1],[2],[3] Thus, a medical error is a preventable adverse effect of care, whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient. This might include an inaccurate or incomplete diagnosis or treatment of a disease, injury, behavior, infection, or other ailment. Medical errors include errors in diagnosis ("diagnostic errors"), errors in the administration of drugs and other medications ("medication errors"), errors in the performance of surgical procedures, in the use of other varieties of therapy, in the use of equipment, and the interpretation of laboratory findings.[1],[2],[3] It is critical to remember that a medical error occurs by an act performed in good faith; in contrast to medical malpractice, which is a damage or loss to a patient, as a result of the failure of a health practitioner to render proper services, either because of negligence, reprehensible lack of expertise, or even criminal intent.[1],[2],[3]
In the year 2000, the importance of identifying medical errors by medical institutions was highlighted by the U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) report "To Err is Human"; which said that greater than 1 million preventable errors in all likelihood occur every year within the U.S., and of these between 44,000 and 98,000 results in death.[4] This report had advocated that U.S. medical institutions need to initiate corrective steps to attain a 50% reduction in deaths due to medical errors over the following 5 years (by 2005).[4]
Following this worrying document, numerous Medical Error Reporting Systems (MERS) have been initiated within the developed world employing blended efforts made with the aid of governments, medical associations, and institutions to acquire more secure and higher quality patient care.[5] A few examples of these computer-handy, voluntary, and anonymous MERS designed for hospitals and health systems and accessible to health personnel include[5] the: (i) U.S. Pharmacopeia MEDMARX - a national medication error-reporting program, (ii) Centers for Disease Control's National Nosocomial Infection Survey, (iii) Medical Event Reporting System for Transfusion Medicine, (vi) the American Surgical Association's National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, (vii) Swiss Anesthesia Critical Incident Reporting System, (vii) Edinburgh Intensive Care Unit Critical Incident Reporting System, and (viii) Australian Incident Monitoring Study; that has led to documenting voluminous information on medical errors and numerous research publications highlighting the acute need for improved patient safety.[5],[6] Nonetheless, Anderson and Abrahamson[7] have stated that healthcare professionals grossly underutilize MERS and less than 10% of medical errors are being reported. The common reasons for healthcare professionals not reporting effectively have been recognized as they being: (i) too busy in their routine and therefore too worn-out to report, (ii) unaware that they need to report, (iii) unaware how to do the reporting, (iv) wary of disciplinary or legal action or being perceived as being incompetent, (iv) demotivated by the lack of any immediate feedback and having the notion that the institution or system does not take visible corrective actions to prevent recurrence of the errors.[5],[8],[9] Schreiber et al.[6] have stated that 4079 related articles have been published in the period up to 2014 (most of them from the U.S., U.K., Canada, Germany, and Australia), highlighting that the access of knowledge and of safer technologies varies significantly in the different regions of the world.
Through the years research publications have highlighted that behavioral modifications in healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, residents, pharmacists) are essential to make sure medical treatments are safer.[5],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15] A few recent examples include the successful implementation of point-of-care ultrasound ("POCUS") in decreasing diagnostic errors and reducing time to diagnosis in severely ill patients being evaluated in the emergency department.[10] Mohanty et al.[11] have analyzed the MEDMARX database to identify steps needed to prevent medication errors in patients receiving intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. It is widely recognized that patients are at risk of medication discrepancies all through transitions in care while getting admitted to the hospital, transferred to some other unit/intensive care unit, and while being discharged from the hospital. To thwart such errors the U.S.'s Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) has formulated the idea of medication reconciliation for healthcare professionals.[16] Medication reconciliation is the process of creating the most accurate list possible of all medications a patient is taking; which include drug name, dosage, frequency, and the route; and comparing that listing against the physician's admission, transfer, and/or discharge orders, to provide accurate medications to the patient at all transition points inside the hospital.[16] A recent systematic review by Manias et al.[12] has recognized a few single and combined interventions which can be effective in reducing medication errors in medical and surgical settings. This review has stated that: (i) prescribing errors were decreased through pharmacist-led medication reconciliation, computerized medication reconciliation, pharmacist partnership, prescriber education, medication reconciliation with the aid of skilled mentors, and computerized physician order entry (CPOE) as single interventions. CPOE systems are designed to replace a medical institution's paper-based ordering system and have the capability to be a powerful solution for limiting hospital medical errors.[17] They permit physicians to electronically write the overall range of orders, maintain an online medication administration record, and evaluate modifications made to order by successive health personnel.[17] Medication administration errors had been decreased with the aid of CPOE and the usage of an automated drug distribution system as single interventions. Combined interventions had been also discovered to be effective in reducing errors during prescribing or administrating medications. But no interventions had been observed to reduce dispensing error rates.[12] The World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC), a simple, realistic tool that any surgical team in the world can use, is now recommended globally to prevent surgical site infection, ensure safer anesthesia, reduce mortality and also improve communication within the surgical team and with patients.[13],[14],[15]
Many hospitals with adequate resources have a comprehensive device of electronic medical records that can be analyzed to locate adverse drug events (ADEs); that are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Medication errors are believed to be accountable for up to 20% of ADEs in patients during hospitalization.[18] In 2003, the IHI presented the Trigger Tool for measuring ADEs.[18] The tool identifies potential ADEs by well-defined clues present in patients' records, namely triggers. By using ADEs, pre-defined triggers are screened within the patients' chart until they are found. This procedure is followed by tracking the trigger retrospectively, a process that might reveal an ADE. This automated screening tool is getting used in many hospitals and contributing to reducing medication errors.[19] To enhance the quality and decrease the variations in care inside intensive care units (ICUs), the IHI has introduced the concept of care bundles.[20] Care bundles incorporate three to five evidence-informed practices, which need to be delivered collectively and continuously, to assist improve patient outcomes and decrease medical errors.[20],[21] Lengthy working hours and heavy workloads are being increasingly recognized as factors that cause stress, chronic fatigue, and sooner or later burnout in physicians, residents, and nurses.[22],[23],[24] Burnout in these healthcare professionals is being recognized to result in suboptimal patient care practices and appreciably increase the risk of medical errors.[22],[23],[24]
Regrettably, even though two decades have passed since the IOM report, medical errors are still omnipresent; and deaths due to medical errors continue to be under-reported in almost all medical institutions and hospitals.?[7],[25],[26] Referring to the U.S., Makary and Daniel[26] have lately reiterated that over the last two decades the situation has in all likelihood worsened. Medical errors now probably account for as many as 251,000 deaths yearly (four times greater than the IOM estimate); that's 9.5% of all deaths in the U.S. and the third main cause of death after heart disease and cancer.[26] Wilson et al.[27] have reported that medical errors causing deaths may be more rampant in low- and middle-income countries. Makary and Daniel[26] have stated that medical errors are not included on death certificates or in rankings of cause of death because a major limitation of the death certificate is that it is based on assigning an International Classification of Disease (ICD) code to the cause of demise. As a result, causes of death not associated with an ICD code, which includes human and system factors, are not documented.[26] According to the WHO, 117 countries, including India, code their mortality data using the ICD system as the primary indicator of health status.[28] The current ICD-10 coding system has limited ability to capture most types of medical errors. At best, there are only some codes wherein the role of errors may be inferred, such as the code for anticoagulation inflicting adverse effects and the code for overdose events.[26] Makary and Daniel[26] have endorsed that when a medical error results in loss of life, both the physiological cause of the death and the associated problem with the delivery of care ought to be mentioned on death certificates. These factors raised by Makary and Daniel are well taken, but we must also take into account that attributing a death to medical error is a complex and challenging task that requires an analytical process with several implications. It is not always (maybe only in glaring cases) possible to attribute the cause of death to medical error immediately at the time of writing the death certificate.
To conclude, medical errors are an important public health global problem and pose a serious threat to patient safety and quality of care. Although medical errors are inevitable, decisive actions can be taken to noticeably lessen them and enhance patient safety. To attain this, an abiding culture dedicated to decreasing medical errors needs to be created at regional, national, and international levels. Because of the high-cost factor, many hospitals have been sluggish to invest in technologies, such as electronic medical records, MERS, CPOE systems, and care bundles that have helped lessen medical errors and enhance patient safety.[7] Government authorities ought to provide monetary incentives to medical institutions to invest in computerized technologies related to strengthening patient safety.[7] A "no blame" safety culture that would inspire ?healthcare professionals to actively report medical errors should be established in medical institutions.[6],[29],[30],[31] Hospital management should provide well-timed feedback and implement visible corrective measures on an ongoing basis so that healthcare professionals continue to utilize these technologies optimally.[5],[9] A wholesome healthy working environment along with the sagacious implementation of work-hour limitations would help prevent burnout in healthcare professionals.[32] Constant awareness, responsible attitude, and accountable professionalism by every member of the teamwork are key elements that contribute to reduce medical errors. Ensuring patient safety is not only a vital mission ahead but ought to be a commitment in a just healthcare system.
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