The semiconductor market for military and aerospace applications is seen to grow 8% in 2017 and reach $2.9 billion. The increase is because of the better economic conditions in the military segment and the continuing growth in the aerospace industry.
The largest markets for military spending continue to be the United States, Russia and China. All three of these markets increased military spending in 2016 by between 4.5% and 6%. The increase is expected to be even larger for 2017. Long term, Databeans expects the market for semiconductors in military and aerospace applications will continue to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 4% over the next five years.
Spending on semiconductors for application development in the military and aerospace market is segmented into four areas: military, commercial aeronautics, space applications and satellite applications. This year the satellite market is expected to have the strongest growth for semiconductor revenue, growing by an estimated 14%. Commercial aeronautics is expected to expand by 11%, the space market is expected to expand by 7%, while the much larger military market is expected to increase by 6%.
The military market continues to dominate this industry, and with stronger performance from the world's largest military equipment manufacturers and contractors, demand is expected to by slightly higher than average. These manufacturers include Lockheed Corp., Raytheon Co., Northrop Grumman Corp. and Finmeccanica. Large suppliers of semiconductors into this market are Microsemi, Xilinx, E2V, Texas Instruments and Infineon Technologies.


text:
This Girl Can hits Australia
Our groundbreaking campaign that celebrates active women has gone global.
This Girl Can has travelled more than 10,000 miles with an all-new version of the campaign in Victoria, Australia.
VicHealth, a health promotion foundation, has released a powerful new video as part of their This Girl Can - Victoria campaign, a local version of our groundbreaking This Girl Can UK.
The ad features everyday Victorian women overcoming their fears and 'giving it a go, curves, jiggles, wrinkles and all'. The women, from all across the state, get their sweat on in a range of activities from boxing, cycling and roller-derby to netball and Aussie rules.
New research from VicHealth shows that feelings of judgment is just one of the barriers stopping women from getting active.
This Girl Can – Victoria is a three-year campaign focused on empowering Victorian women to enjoy being active without worrying about judgement, gender stereotypes or skill level.
This Girl Can - Victoria Video Length - 00:01:01
It was after seeing the impact the campaign had across the UK, that inspired the VicHealth team to get involved. They are now the first organisation in the world to licence the This Girl Can campaign.
VicHealth is also encouraging women to visit the This Girl Can website and share their stories about how they get motivated, what kind of activities they enjoy, and the moments where they've thought "I don't give a damn – I'm doing it anyway!"
This Girl Can UK inspired a whopping 3.9 million women in England to take their fitness into their own hands. We're hoping our sister campaign will follow this motivating trend.
Our head of campaigns, Kate Dale, said: "Fear of judgement isn't confined to one country – with half of women in Victoria, Australia saying it holds them back from taking part too. We're thrilled to see the launch of VicHealth's local version of This Girl Can."
This Girl Can A celebration of active women everywhere that proves sport can be enjoyable regardless of size, ability or experience.
Helping Women and Girls Get Active Guidance and tips to get more women and girls active.
Record number of women get active Latest Active People results shows This Girl Can is having a big impact.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Skin disease in donkeys (Equus asinus...
Skin disease in donkeys (Equus asinus) : a retrospective study from four veterinary schools
Stephen D White, Patrick J Bourdeau, Thomas Brément, Sophie Vandenabeele (UGent) , Maarten Haspeslagh (UGent) , Vincent Bruet and Marianne M Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan
(2019) VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY. 30(3). p.247-254
Department of Surgery and anaesthesiology of domestic animals
Department of Small animals
Background: Donkeys are important throughout the world as work animals and occasionally as pets or a meat source. Most descriptions of skin disease in donkeys are reported in small case series, textbooks or review articles. Hypothesis/Objectives: To document skin diseases and their prevalence in donkeys and to investigate predilections for the most common conditions. Animals Case populations at four veterinary schools totalling 156 donkeys. Methods and materials: A retrospective study was performed by searching computerized medical records, using the key word "donkey", at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis (UCD). Records of donkeys from the veterinary schools in Nantes, France; Utrecht, Netherlands and Ghent, Belgium were searched in a similar manner. The time periods included in the searches varied by institution. Results: At UCD, 83 of 346 (24%) of donkeys had skin disease noted in their records. The most common diagnoses were insect bite hypersensitivity, sarcoid and habronemiasis. At Nantes, 36 of 144 (25%) had skin disease and the most common diagnoses were sarcoid and superficial pyoderma. At Utrecht 23 of 143 (16%) had skin disease and the most common diagnosis was dermatophytosis. At Ghent, 14 of 320 (4%) had skin disease and the most common diagnosis was sarcoid. Conclusions and clinical importance: Cutaneous conditions in donkeys are common. Age, sex and breed predisposition and the most common diagnoses varied with geographical location. Clinicians should include a dermatological examination regardless of the reason for presentation.
UNITED-STATES, BESNOITIOSIS, CALIFORNIA, OUTBREAK, BENNETTI
White, Stephen D, Patrick J Bourdeau, Thomas Brément, Sophie Vandenabeele, Maarten Haspeslagh, Vincent Bruet, and Marianne M Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan. 2019. "Skin Disease in Donkeys (Equus Asinus) : a Retrospective Study from Four Veterinary Schools." Veterinary Dermatology 30 (3): 247–254.
White, S. D., Bourdeau, P. J., Brément, T., Vandenabeele, S., Haspeslagh, M., Bruet, V., & Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan, M. M. (2019). Skin disease in donkeys (Equus asinus) : a retrospective study from four veterinary schools. VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY, 30(3), 247–254.
White SD, Bourdeau PJ, Brément T, Vandenabeele S, Haspeslagh M, Bruet V, et al. Skin disease in donkeys (Equus asinus) : a retrospective study from four veterinary schools. VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY. 2019;30(3):247–54.
White, Stephen D et al. "Skin Disease in Donkeys (Equus Asinus) : a Retrospective Study from Four Veterinary Schools." VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY 30.3 (2019): 247–254. Print.
abstract     = {Background: Donkeys are important throughout the world as work animals and occasionally as pets or a meat source. Most descriptions of skin disease in donkeys are reported in small case series, textbooks or review articles.
Hypothesis/Objectives: To document skin diseases and their prevalence in donkeys and to investigate predilections for the most common conditions. Animals Case populations at four veterinary schools totalling 156 donkeys.
Methods and materials: A retrospective study was performed by searching computerized medical records, using the key word "donkey", at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis (UCD). Records of donkeys from the veterinary schools in Nantes, France; Utrecht, Netherlands and Ghent, Belgium were searched in a similar manner. The time periods included in the searches varied by institution.
Results: At UCD, 83 of 346 (24%) of donkeys had skin disease noted in their records. The most common diagnoses were insect bite hypersensitivity, sarcoid and habronemiasis. At Nantes, 36 of 144 (25%) had skin disease and the most common diagnoses were sarcoid and superficial pyoderma. At Utrecht 23 of 143 (16%) had skin disease and the most common diagnosis was dermatophytosis. At Ghent, 14 of 320 (4%) had skin disease and the most common diagnosis was sarcoid.
Conclusions and clinical importance: Cutaneous conditions in donkeys are common. Age, sex and breed predisposition and the most common diagnoses varied with geographical location. Clinicians should include a dermatological examination regardless of the reason for presentation.},
author       = {White, Stephen D and Bourdeau, Patrick J and Brément, Thomas and Vandenabeele, Sophie and Haspeslagh, Maarten and Bruet, Vincent and Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan, Marianne M},
journal      = {VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY},
keywords     = {UNITED-STATES,BESNOITIOSIS,CALIFORNIA,OUTBREAK,BENNETTI},
title        = {Skin disease in donkeys (Equus asinus) : a retrospective study from four veterinary schools},
url          = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vde.12733},
volume       = {30},
VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY
Vet. Dermatol.
10.1111/vde.12733


text:
Miscellaneous - Pow to the People, 31/3/2002
by Gary Wollen
The third annual Pow to the People festival at the Camden Monarch in London featured such indie pop lumionaries as the Butterflies of Love, Woodchuck, Cane 141 and Saloon. Gary Wollen has a riveting Easter Sunday
I normally make it a rule of thumb never to attend anything that ends in a number(Sequels are never the same, are they ? ), but this Easter perhaps due to mild chocolate intoxication I decided to lay that ideal to rest. I thought a day out in the fresh air of a Camden pub with nothing but Indie music and perhaps the occasional drink was what was called for. It's a dirty job but someone's got to do it. This is Track & Field's third Pow to the People, all of them at the Camden Monarch and quite a line-up it was too. After a preliminary pint I headed upstairs to catch the last 5 or 6 songs by the American band Sodastream. They ease us into this fine, sunny Easter Sunday with their plaintive and sombre songs. They gently swell and sway through some beautiful folk melodies and pave the way perfectly for Riviera who embody the late 70's, early 80's synth pop of Soft Cell and Human League. This they couple with the vocal delivery of Debbie Harry, together with the presence and distance of Kraftwerk. Woodchuck presented a much more organic sound with some very lush arrangements and two glorious singles for us to hang on to long after they've departed the stage. As with all Track & Field events, the songs played over the PA between bands were impeccable and I even forgot to venture downstairs to fill my glass. Thank heavens there was a bar upstairs. Cane 141 were a touch more lo-fi, but, as the band members chopped and changed their instruments from electric guitars to moogs and back again, their songs stood out on the strength of their advanced melodies. There were times though when the acoustic guitarist looked as though he would rather have been somewhere else. When Saloon took the stage the atmosphere seemed to increase a gear or two and the sound became noticeably better and louder. On this occasion they were edgy and more urgent than when I had seen them before and they certainly benefitted from this urgency. Sure they were still in their anti star, non performance mode, but there was a desire and warmth that balanced that stance and complimented their new album, '(This is) What We Call Progress' very well. I had never seen Black Neilson before but after this gig I would certainly try to see them again. They play their songs, or should I say dismember their songs with a mighty mournful noise that sometimes felt downright uncomfortable and tense beyond belief. Just as the song sounded like it was going over the edge they haul it back to the relative safety of downright uncomfortable. Top stuff! This was not, if the truth be told, Camera Obscura's best night. They were plagued by the Darren Anderton of Guitar amps. It took a good half an hour to rectify this problem, while they all stood around on stage looking somewhat ill at ease and nonplussed. During that half hour they didn't play any songs at all or entertain us with their wit and charisma. It sounds like half of a Stereophonics gig. When they did start playing they were enchanting and ran through a good half of their fantastic debut album, 'Biggest Bluest Hi', although they didn't play their first two singles, which are my personal favourites. The Butterflies of Love were another band I had never seen perform live and if you are unfamiliar with their work they rock like fuck!!! They demonstrated supremely their awe-inspiring wall of jangle and I lost myself completely in tinnitus heaven. The songs were just working their way into my head without, I should add, any opposition when they floated away into the ether to be replaced by another gem. If you don't own any of their records, buy them because they are classics and as a live band they would give anyone a run for their money. So there you go, Easter Sunday, 8 bands and as many great records as you could cram into the Monarch and all for a paltry £10. That's 66% of a ticket to see the great Gomez (and I don't use the term great lightly or indeed correctly). So save the money you would have spent on the Gomez ticket until next Easter and with the other fiver…well that will get two into the Betsy Trotwood for the next Track & Field club night.
Picture Gallery:-
Odd Shaped Head - Interview
Bob Dylan - 61 Highways Revisited: The Albums Of Bob Dylan
In Dreams Begin Responsibilities - #6 - 'Sometimes when I wake up/ Feel like I never woke up at all...' - Peter Perrett and the Primacy of the Emotions : Music and Mental Health Part 3).
Trudie Myerscough-Harris - Interview
Sam Brown - Interview 2008
Janice Long - Interview
Hawks - Obviously 5 Believers
Pete Brown - Interview
Cliff Richard - Vs Elvis Presley
Blue Aeroplanes - Interview


text:
Hoover High School may refer to:

Herbert Hoover High School (Fresno, California)
Herbert Hoover High School (Glendale), California
Herbert Hoover High School (San Diego, California)
Herbert Hoover High School (Iowa), in Des Moines, Iowa
Herbert Hoover High School (West Virginia), in Clendenin, West Virginia
Hoover High School (Alabama), Hoover, Alabama, made famous by the MTV show Two-A-Days
Hoover High School (North Canton, Ohio)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Miraculous Life of Gabriel García Márquez
Colombian Nobel laureate Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
Hamilton—AP
By Pico Iyer
When Gabriel García Márquez was born, in 1927, in the sleepy little town of Aracataca, not far from Colombia's Caribbean coast, there were certain established fixities in the world of letters. The centers of gravity were Europe and North America, with a few auxiliary poles in Wellington, perhaps, or Kolkata. The novel, just beginning to be shaken up by Joyce and Woolf, told mainly of carriages moving under birch trees and conversations on rainy boulevards. Its characters, as often as not, were the people you might meet at dinner parties thrown for Count Tolstoy or Marcel Proust.
By the time García Márquez died at 87 on April 17, all that had changed, and largely because of him. A new continent had been discovered, so it seemed, rich with tamarind trees and "pickled iguana," and folk cultures everywhere had an epic voice. Villagers could be imagined seeking daguerreotypes of God, and men arriving on doorsteps amid a halo of yellow butterflies. Macondo, a never-never town of almond trees and "banana wars" (a lot like Aracataca) had become as much a part of the reader's neighborhood as Yoknapatawpha County or St. Petersburg.
The story behind this was, of course, half-miraculous. The eldest of 11 children, "Gabo," as he was universally called, was born to a telegraph operator and a colonel's daughter. When his parents moved to another city in search of work, he was left behind, a tropical Pip, to spend his early years with relatives. From his grandfather, he heard tales of fatal duels and his country's unending civil wars; from his aunts and grandmother, he absorbed all the spells and spirits sovereign in a world in which Arab and Indian and African cultures mixed. Scarcely was he out of his teens than the boy was publishing short stories in a newspaper, while studying law with a view to help the disenfranchised. The newspaper for which he also wrote columns was called — too perfectly — El Universal.
One day, after 18 months of continuous writing, he completed a book, his fifth, so large that his wife Mercedes had to pawn her hair dryer and an electric heater to pay for postage to send it to the publisher. Cien Años de Soledad was published in 1967 (such was the interest in Latin writing then that it did not even make it into English till three years later), and Pablo Neruda, South America's reigning Nobel laureate, pronounced it "perhaps the greatest revelation in the Spanish language since the Don Quixote of Cervantes." He could as easily have called it a narrative Alhambra, a palace in the Spanish tradition but fluent with foreign shapes and dizzy curlicues amid the water and the orange trees.
One Hundred Years of Solitude promptly established García Márquez as the defining member of what was called the boom in Latin American writing and a movement known as magic realism; yet, really, he was throwing open the gates for writers from forgotten everywheres — you can see his influence in India's Salman Rushdie, in Nigeria's Ben Okri, even in Murray Bail from Australia.
He was, essentially, a trafficker in wonder. "Incredible things are happening in the world," says a sometime alchemist in the first chapter of One Hundred Years of Solitude, as he sees a gypsy's dentures; García Márquez's realization was that the world of the alchemist, the dew still on it, could be equally incredible to the denture maker. He spun out his tales of everyday miracles with such exuberance that 30 million copies of the book were not just bought around the world, but read.
Not one to stay put, he followed that imaginative dawn with The Autumn of the Patriarch, an unflinchingly political novel that consisted of just six paragraphs, each 30 pages or more in length, and his tales of unexpected innocence were forever intertwined with more hardheaded stories of the solitude that comes with power. Realistic enough to be a true romantic, he treated dreams and revolutions with equal weight: if his fabulous flights were always, he insisted, just the documentary work of a reporter with an eye for marvels, his nonfiction accounts of corruption such as News of a Kidnapping featured secret messages transmitted on TV programs and kidnappers offering talismans to their hostages. A friend to Presidents as well as revolutionaries, García Márquez never abandoned the public world: even in his 70s, 17 years after winning the Nobel Prize, the most famous man in Colombia was writing articles like a cub reporter.
Though García Márquez lived in Paris, Mexico City, Havana and Barcelona, he was proudly claimed by Colombia — by all South America — as one who had taken an area too often associated with murders and drugs, and infused it with an immortal light: a literary Columbus discovering a New World that would soon belong to us all. When he fell ill, therefore, in the summer of 1999, much of the continent seemed to hold its breath, urging "el maestro" back to health. And when he died on Thursday in his home in Mexico City, it did not seem impossible that a man could open his mouth and songbirds would fly out.
Pico Iyer has written nonfiction books on globalism, Japan, the 14th Dalai Lama and forgotten places, and novels on revolutionary Cuba and Islamic mysticism. He regularly writes on global culture and the news for TIME, on literature for the New York Review of Books and for magazines around the world.
Rooney's Life in Pictures
Underwater Noise Pollution Is Disrupting Ocean Life—But We Can Fix It


text:
Ekeby församling är en församling i Kumla pastorat i Södra Närkes kontrakt i Strängnäs stift. Församlingen ligger i Kumla kommun i Örebro län (Närke).

Administrativ historik
Församlingen har medeltida ursprung och var till 1991 moderförsamling i pastoratet Ekeby och Gällersta, för att därefter ingå i Kumla pastorat.

Kyrkor
 Ekeby kyrka

Se även
 Ekeby socken

Källor

Externa länkar
 Officiell webbplats

Församlingar i Strängnäs stift
Indelningar i Kumla kommun


text:
Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › District Courts › Mississippi › Northern District of Mississippi › 1983 › Goldstein v. Allain
Goldstein v. Allain, 568 F. Supp. 1377 (N.D. Miss. 1983)
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi - 568 F. Supp. 1377 (N.D. Miss. 1983)
568 F. Supp. 1377 (1983)
Nathan GOLDSTEIN, II; Golden Distributors, Inc., A Mississippi Corporation; T.E. Lloyd; Tom Morrow; C.J. Collier; Starkville Theatres, Inc., A Mississippi Corporation; Juanita Maxey; H.B. Pankey and Terrie Pankey, A General Partnership; Frank Countryman; Richard Heard; Susan Heard; Hill City News and Novelty, Inc., A Mississippi Corporation; C. Kernell Roberts; Vincent P. Clements; Star-Satellite, Inc., A Mississippi Corporation; O.D. York; Fernwood Books and Novelty, Inc., A Mississippi Corporation; Capitol News and Novelty, Inc., A Mississippi Corporation; Louise L. Hazel; and Select Books and Novelty, Inc., A Mississippi Corporation, Plaintiffs,
Bill ALLAIN, Attorney General of the State of Mississippi, et al., Defendants.
Civ. A. No. GC83-141-LS-0.
United States District Court, N.D. Mississippi.
*1378 *1379 John H. Weston, Robert Sarno, David M. Brown, G. Randall Garrou, Brown, Weston & Sarno, Beverly Hills, Cal., W. Wayne Drinkwater, Lake, Tindall, Hunger & Thackston, Greenville, Miss., for plaintiffs.
Marvin L. White, Jr., Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., Jackson, Miss., for defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
SENTER, District Judge.
The Mississippi Legislature recently enacted House Bill No. 345, an Act proscribing the distribution or possession with intent to distribute obscene materials; the law will become effective on July 1, 1983.[1] The *1380 plaintiffs have brought this action attacking the statute on a wide range of constitutional issues and request a preliminary injunction restraining the defendants from *1381 enforcing the statute pending a full and complete hearing on the merits of the plaintiffs' claims. The court having read and considered the affidavits filed by plaintiffs, *1382 together with memoranda of authorities filed by all parties, makes the following findings, to-wit:
At the present stage of the proceedings, the sole inquiries before the court are (1) whether the plaintiffs in this action have standing to challenge the constitutionality of the statute at issue; (2) whether this is a proper case in which to invoke Younger and/or Pullman abstention; (3) the propriety of preliminarily enjoining the enforcement of the statute pending a final determination of the merits of plaintiffs' challenges to the constitutionality of the statute; and (4) whether severance by this court of those words or phrases found repugnant to the Constitution would be appropriate.
The first issue which we must address is whether the plaintiffs have alleged a case or controversy within the meaning of Article III of the Constitution. A plaintiff who challenges a statute must, in order to invoke the jurisdiction of the court, demonstrate a realistic danger of sustaining a direct injury as a result of the statutes operation or enforcement. Initially, it is important to note that:
[T]he ordinary injury-in-fact requirement for standing is properly relaxed in the case of facial overbreadth challenges "because of the `danger of tolerating in the area of First Amendment freedoms, the existence of a penal statute susceptible of sweeping improper application....'" Anticipatory constitutional challenges should not lightly be dismissed for lack of a justiciable controversy because, as our Circuit recently observed, they "play a most vital role in modern efforts to enforce constitutional rights...."
Red Bluff Drive-In, Inc. v. Vance, 648 F.2d 1020, 1033 (5th Cir., 1981) (citations omitted). This is not to say, however, that a justiciable controversy is presented by all cases in which the plaintiff alleges that a statute unconstitutionally deters the exercise *1383 of a constitutional right. An anticipatory challenge to a statute's constitutionality must grow out of a "real, substantial controversy between parties having adverse legal interests, a dispute definite and concrete, not hypothetical or abstract." Babbitt v. United Farm Worker's Nat. Union, 442 U.S. 289, 298, 99 S. Ct. 2301, 2308, 60 L. Ed. 2d 895 (1979) (citations omitted). In order to meet the injury-in-fact requirement, therefore, the plaintiffs in this action must demonstrate a realistic danger of sustaining a direct injury that is, a realistic, rather than speculative, fear of state prosecution. In all but one instance, the plaintiffs have met this requirement. The verified affidavits of the plaintiffs clearly show that they are all persons engaged in the distribution of sexually oriented materials and that they legitimately fear state prosecutions under the challenged legislation. Thus, the plaintiffs have successfully established a case and controversy sufficient to satisfy the injury-in-fact requirement of Article III of the Constitution insofar as they challenge the statute's regulation of the distribution of published books, magazines, periodicals, films, video tapes, sexual aids or any other form of processed materials generally distributed, exhibited, sold, or rented. The plaintiffs have, however, failed to show that they are in any way involved in the processing or distribution of undeveloped photographs, molds, printing plates, and the like. As a result, the plaintiffs have failed to show any injury-in-fact which may result to them by H.B. 345 § 2(2)'s inclusion of undeveloped photographs, molds, printing plates, etc., within its definition of obscene material. Any injury which may result to the plaintiffs by the state's application of this provision is, to say the least, merely speculative. The plaintiffs thus lack standing to challenge the constitutionality of H.B. 345 § 2(2). It should be noted, however, that if plaintiffs were to be joined by persons engaged in the processing or distribution of undeveloped photographs, molds, printing plates, and the like, there is a possibility that they could succeed on their claim that § 2(2) constitutes an impermissible prior restraint. Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697, 51 S. Ct. 625, 75 L. Ed. 1357 (1931). An excellent discussion of this problem can be found in In re Klor, 51 Cal. Rptr. 903, 415 P.2d 191 (1966).
The next question which this court must address is, in light of the factual situation presented, would it be appropriate to invoke Younger or Pullman abstention in this action. It is clear that no state prosecutions under H.B. 345 have been brought against any of the plaintiffs, for the statute will not go into effect until July 1, 1983. Younger abstention, Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37, 91 S. Ct. 745, 27 L. Ed. 2d 669 (1971), would not, therefore, be appropriate in this instance. "[C]onsiderations of ... comity in our federal system ... have little force in the absence of a pending state proceeding." Lake Carriers Association v. MacMullen, 406 U.S. 498, 509, 92 S. Ct. 1749, 1756, 32 L. Ed. 2d 257 (1972). In addition, Railroad Commission v. Pullman, 312 U.S. 496, 61 S. Ct. 643, 85 L. Ed. 971 (1941), counsels in favor of abstention only when there is an unsettled question of state law which promises to dispose of the case without the need for constitutional adjudication. The plaintiffs have not challenged any portion of the statute on the basis of purported ambiguity. Nor have the defendants asserted any ambiguous aspect of this statute that might be saved from possible invalidation by a narrowing judicial construction. Instead, they urge abstention solely on the ground that the Mississippi courts should be given the first opportunity to review the statute. Plainly, abstention cannot be justified "merely because state courts also have the solemn responsibility equally with the federal courts" to hear and decide federal constitutional claims. Septum, Inc. v. Keller, 614 F.2d 456, 461 (5th Cir. 1980) (citations omitted). This is especially true in a suit seeking review of a statute which will purportedly exert a chilling effect on First Amendment rights. Red Bluff Drive-In, Inc. v. Vance, 648 F.2d 1020, 1032 (5th Cir. 1981). This court, therefore, declines the *1384 defendant's invitation to invoke Pullman abstention in this case.
This court has considered plaintiff's motion requesting a preliminary injunction restraining the named defendants from enforcing H.B. 345. The four prerequisites for issuance of a preliminary injunction are:
(1) A substantial likelihood that plaintiff will prevail on the merits; (2) a substantial likelihood that plaintiff will suffer irreparable injury if the injunction is not granted; (3) that the threatened injury to the plaintiff outweighs the threatened harm the injunction may do to the defendants; and (4) that granting the preliminary injunction will not disserve the public interest.
Canal Authority v. Callaway, 489 F.2d 567, 572 (5th Cir.1979). In determining whether a preliminary injunction should issue, the court must first determine whether the plaintiffs have shown a substantial likelihood of success on the merits. In order to determine the plaintiffs' likelihood of success on the merits of this action, it will be necessary to address briefly each of their constitutional claims.
The plaintiffs allege numerous constitutional infirmities in this statute but for purposes of this preliminary injunction, their attack has focused on the following five claims:
A. The Exemptions Contained Within H.B. 345 § 4(1) (d) Violate the Free Speech and Equal Protection Guaranties of the First and Fourteenth Amendments.
It is well settled that a state has the power to regulate the distribution of obscene materials, for obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment. Paris Adult Theatre v. Slaton, 413 U.S. 49, 93 S. Ct. 2628, 37 L. Ed. 2d 446 (1973). Plaintiffs contend, however, that these exemptions are a form of preferential treatment by government among the different media of communication and are, therefore, suspect and subject to strict scrutiny. (Plaintiffs' brief at 17.) Strict scrutiny of legislative classifications is, however, required only when the classification impermissibly interferes with the exercise of a fundamental right. Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, 427 U.S. 307, 96 S. Ct. 2562, 49 L. Ed. 2d 520 (1976). There clearly is no fundamental right involved in the distribution of obscenity. Thus, a legislative classification which differentiates between distributors of obscenity does not interfere with or touch upon any fundamental right. Where, as here, "there is no fundamental right or suspect criteria involved, legislative classifications will be overturned only if no ground can be conceived which will justify the classification." Piepenburg v. Cutler, 649 F.2d 783, 787 (10th Cir.1981) (holding that similar exemptions contained within the Utah statute did not deny equal protection). The legislature's belief that the selected uses contained in § 4(1) (a), (b) & (c) are sufficiently important to outweigh enforcement considerations; and its deference to FCC regulation of interstate cable and CATV systems in § 4(1) (d) cannot be said to be either irrational or insufficient to justify such classifications. (Defendants' brief p. 16.) This court finds, therefore, that there is no substantial likelihood of success on this claim.
B. The "Constructive Knowledge" Provision of H.B. 345 Violates the First and Fourteenth Amendments.
The Supreme Court in Hamling v. United States, 418 U.S. 87, 123, 94 S. Ct. 2887, 2910, 41 L. Ed. 2d 590 (1973), stated that:
It is constitutionally sufficient that the prosecution show that a defendant had knowledge of the contents of the materials he distributed, and that he knew the character and nature of the materials. To require proof of a defendant's knowledge of the legal status of the materials would permit the defendant to avoid prosecution by simply claiming that he had not brushed up on the law. Such a formulation of the scienter requirement is [not] required ... by the Constitution.
The "constructive knowledge" requirement of the Georgia statute, upon which the Mississippi provision is modeled, was subsequently *1385 challenged in Sewell v. State, 238 Ga. 495, 233 S.E.2d 187, appeal dismissed 435 U.S. 982, 98 S. Ct. 1635, 56 L. Ed. 2d 76 (1978), and Ballew v. Georgia, 138 Ga.App. 530, 227 S.E.2d 65, cert. granted 435 U.S. 223, 98 S. Ct. 1029, 55 L. Ed. 2d 234 (decided on other grounds), cert. denied 436 U.S. 962, 98 S. Ct. 3083, 57 L. Ed. 2d 1129 (1978), as violative of the constitutional requirements of scienter set forth in Hamling, supra. In both Sewell, supra, and Ballew, supra, the Georgia Supreme Court held that the "constructive knowledge" standard of scienter contained within the statute clearly comported with the constitutional requirement of scienter. In light of the Supreme Court's pronouncement in Hamling, supra, and given the Georgia Supreme Court's holding in Sewell, supra, and Ballew, supra, this court is of the opinion that the "constructive knowledge" provision contained in H.B. 345 comports with the constitutional requirement of scienter. As a result, we are unable to say that the plaintiff has shown a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of this claim.
C. The Ability Under Mississippi Law of Private Citizens to Compel an Obscenity Prosecution Renders the Act Unconstitutional in Violation of the First and Fourteenth Amendments in That These Sections Mandate Initiation of a Criminal Prosecution Without Any Opportunity For a Determination of Probable Cause by a Neutral and Detached Magistrate.
Mississippi Code Annotated, §§ 99-33-1 through -3, must be read in conjunction with Mississippi Code Annotated, § 99-15-5. Section 99-15-5 was recently construed by this court, in Crouse v. Lowndes County, EC80-328-LS-P (N.D.Miss., February 1, 1982), to require a finding of probable cause by a neutral and detached magistrate prior to the issuance of a warrant. So read, Mississippi Code Annotated §§ 99-33-1 through -3 do not violate the First or Fourteenth Amendments. The plaintiffs thus stand no substantial likelihood of success on the merits of this claim.
D. The Definition of Prurient Interest Contained in H.B. 345 § 2(1) (a) is Overbroad.
An enactment may be constitutionally overbroad, despite the clarity and precision of its language, if in its reach it prohibits constitutionally protected speech or conduct. Grayned v. City of Rockford, 408 U.S. 104, 114, 92 S. Ct. 2294, 2302, 33 L. Ed. 2d 222 (1972). The United States Supreme Court in Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476, n. 20, 77 S. Ct. 1304, n. 20, 1 L. Ed. 2d 1498 (1957), and Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15, n. 2, 93 S. Ct. 2607, n. 2, 37 L. Ed. 2d 419 (1973), attributed to the term "prurient interest" a specific judicial meaning that of a shameful and morbid interest in nudity, sex, or excretion. Additionally, the Court's decision in Miller, supra, clearly established that state statutes designed to regulate obscene materials must be carefully limited in order to prevent intrusion on arguably protected areas of speech. "[N]othing that the Supreme Court has said subsequent to Roth would alter the restrictive definition of prurient interest contained in [footnote 20]." U.S. v. 35 mm Motion Picture Film, 432 F.2d 705, 711 (2nd Cir.1970). Thus "prurient interest" as judicially defined means specifically a shameful and morbid interest. See Red Bluff Drive-In, Inc. v. Vance, 648 F.2d 1020, 1026 (5th Cir.1981). The definition of "prurient interest" contained within H.B. 345 § 2(1) (a), however, defines prurient interest as "a lustful, erotic, shameful, or morbid interest." This definition of prurient interest appears clearly to extend the prohibitions of the Mississippi obscenity statute beyond constitutionally acceptable limits. The inclusion of the terms lustful and erotic would permit the application of the statute to arguably protected materials. Such an intrusion into the area of protected speech is impermissible; for the "door barring federal and state intrusion into [the area of the first amendment freedoms] cannot be left ajar; it must be kept tightly closed and opened only the slightest crack necessary to prevent encroachment upon more important interests." Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476, 488, 77 S. Ct. 1304, 1310, 1 L. Ed. 2d 1498 (1957). In light of the above discussion, it is clear that the plaintiffs have demonstrated *1386 a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of this claim.
E. The Definition of "Patently Offensive" in H.B. 345 § 2(4) Defining That Phrase in Terms of "Community Standards of Decency" Infringes Upon Speech Protected by the First Amendment.
In Smith v. United States, 431 U.S. 291, 305, 97 S. Ct. 1756, 1766, 52 L. Ed. 2d 324 (1977), the Supreme Court stated that "community standards must be applied by juries in accordance with their own understanding of the tolerance of the average person in their community...." The line between protected expression and punishable obscenity must be drawn at the limits of a community's tolerance rather than in accordance with the dangerous standards of propriety and taste. Red Bluff, 648 F.2d at 1029. As the Fifth Circuit stated in Red Bluff Drive-In, Inc. v. Vance, 648 F.2d 1020, 1028 (5th Cir.1981), "in its effort to track the contours of permissible state regulation, the ... Legislature deviated subtly but significantly from the Miller formula in modifying the standard that fact finders must apply in deciding whether an item is `patently offensive.'" The Legislature's modification of the contemporary community standard test of Miller, supra, would bring within the statute's prohibitions material which is arguably protected by the First Amendment. In light of the Fifth Circuit's statements in Red Bluff, supra, it would appear that plaintiffs stand a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of this claim.
From the foregoing discussion, it is clear that plaintiffs have met their burden on two of their five constitutional challenges, for they have demonstrated a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of these two claims. Having established that the plaintiffs have satisfied the first prerequisite to a preliminary injunction under Canal Authority, the court must now examine whether or not the remaining three prerequisites have been met.
The complaint and verified affidavits of the plaintiffs clearly demonstrate that the existence of their businesses will be threatened by enforcement of H.B. 345. They have also clearly shown that state prosecutions under this statute will have a chilling effect upon activities in which they engage which are arguably protected by the First Amendment. The plaintiffs have, therefore, met the second prerequisite of Canal Authority, for they have shown that they will suffer irreparable injury if the injunction is not granted. Possible interference with the ability to engage in activities arguably protected by the First Amendment constitutes irreparable injury sufficient to justify the grant of a preliminary injunction. Henry v. First National Bank, 595 F.2d 291, 304-05 (5th Cir.1979).
A showing of irreparable injury is, however, not alone sufficient to justify the issuance of a preliminary injunction, for under the third prerequisite of Canal Authority, the plaintiffs must also show that their threatened injury outweighs the threatened harm the injunction may do to the defendants. Mississippi has not had an enforceable obscenity statute since 1976 when the Mississippi Supreme Court, in ABC Interstate Theaters, Inc. v. State, 325 So. 2d 123 (Miss.1976), struck down the obscenity statute then in force. During the intervening seven year period, the legislature has made but this one attempt to formulate and enact a statute prohibiting the distribution of obscenity. It would appear, therefore, that little harm will result to the defendants from the issuance of a preliminary injunction pending resolution of the merits of this action. In view of our ruling and in light of the fact that the legislature next meets in about six months, the legislature may decide, as a result of such an injunction, to revise the statute now at issue in order to facilitate the speedy resolution of this controversy and to provide the residents of Mississippi with a constitutionally valid and enforceable statute.
Finally, in order to obtain a preliminary injunction under Canal Authority, the plaintiffs must establish that the issuance of an injunction will not disserve the public interest. This the plaintiffs have clearly shown. Both the plaintiffs and the defendants *1387 agree that the public has a vital interest in the vigorous exercise of First Amendment Rights. This vital interest clearly outweighs any interest which the public may have in regulating the distribution of obscenity. As a result, this court cannot say that the public interest will be disserved by the issuance of such an injunction. The plaintiff has, therefore, met the four prerequisites of Canal Authority and is entitled to the issuance of a preliminary injunction pending a full hearing on the merits of their constitutional claims.
The defendants have argued that in lieu of the issuance of a preliminary injunction, this court should invoke the severability clause contained in H.B. 345 § 6. At this point in the proceedings, such an action would be inappropriate. In fact, it is doubtful that in the context of a state statute, severance would ever be an appropriate action by this court. As the Ninth Circuit stated in Spokane Arcades Inc. v. Brockett, 631 F.2d 135, 137 (9th Cir.1981), "[t]hat the statute has a severability clause does not authorize us to indulge in major revisions to salvage the statute.... We are certain the Legislature ... can do this better than we."
In summary, this court is not saying that Mississippi cannot have an obscenity statute. We are simply saying that it appears the statute enacted does not pass constitutional muster, and perhaps the Legislature can revise this statute so as to adequately protect first amendment rights while still regulating obscenity.
An appropriate order will be entered.
[1] OF CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
MR. PRESIDENT AND MR. SPEAKER:
We, the undersigned conferees, have had under consideration the amendments to the following entitled Bill:
H.B. NO. 345
AN ACT TO PROVIDE THAT THE DISTRIBUTION OF, OR THE OFFER TO DISTRIBUTE, OR THE POSSESSION WITH INTENT TO DISTRIBUTE OBSCENE MATERIAL SHALL CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR A FELONY, AND TO PROVIDE A PENALTY THEREFOR; TO PROVIDE THAT THE WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION OF OBSCENE MATERIAL SHALL CONSTITUTE A FELONY, AND TO PROVIDE A PENALTY THEREFOR; TO DESCRIBE THAT MATERIAL WHICH SHALL BE CONSIDERED OBSCENE; TO PROVIDE AN AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE TO CERTAIN PERSONS CHARGED WITH A VIOLATION OF THIS ACT; TO REPEAL SECTIONS 97-29-33, 97-29-37, 97-29-39 AND 97-29-41, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, WHICH PROVIDE CRIMINAL OFFENSES AND PENALTIES RELATING TO THE SHOWING OF OBSCENE OR IMMORAL MOVING PICTURES, THE SALE, DISTRIBUTION OR ADVERTISING OF OBSCENE PICTURES OR INDECENT ARTICLES AND THE PUBLICATION, SALE OR DISTRIBUTION OF OBSCENE PRINTED OR WRITTEN MATERIAL, AND SECTIONS 99-31-1 THROUGH 99-31-27, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, WHICH PRESCRIBE PROCEEDINGS FOR THE COMMENCEMENT AND ADJUDICATION OF ACTIONS RELATING TO OBSCENE PUBLICATIONS; AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES.
We, therefore, respectfully submit the following report and recommendation:
1. That the Senate recede from its Amendment No. 1.
2. That the House and Senate adopt the following amendment:
AMEND by striking all after the enacting clause and substituting in lieu thereof the following:
SECTION 1. A person commits the offense of distributing obscene materials or obscene performances when he sells, rents, leases, advertises, publishes or exhibits to any person any obscene material or obscene performance of any description knowing the obscene nature thereof, or offers to do so, or possesses such material with the intent to do so. A person commits the offense of wholesale distributing obscene materials or obscene performances when he distributes for the purpose of resale any obscene material or obscene performance of any description knowing the obscene nature thereof, or offers to do so, or possesses such material with the intent to do so. The word "knowing" as used in this section means either actual or constructive knowledge of the obscene contents of the subject matter, and a person has constructive knowledge of the obscene contents if he has knowledge of facts which would put a reasonable and prudent person on notice as to the suspect nature of the material. The character and reputation of an individual charged with an offense under this act and, if a commercial dissemination of obscene material or an obscene performance is involved, the character and reputation of the business establishment involved, may be placed in evidence by the defendant on the question of intent to violate this act.
Any person, other than a city attorney, county prosecuting attorney or district attorney, who shall sign an affidavit charging an offense prescribed by this section shall file a bond in the amount of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) at the time such affidavit is lodged. Such bond shall be conditioned that the affidavit was not filed frivolously, maliciously or out of ill will.
SECTION 2. (1) Material or performance is obscene if:
(a) To the average person, applying contemporary community standards, taken as a whole, it appeals to the prurient interest, that is, a lustful, erotic, shameful, or morbid interest in nudity, sex or excretion; and
(b) The material taken as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value; and
(c) The material depicts or describes in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined in subparagraphs (i) through (v) below:
(i) Acts of sexual intercourse, heterosexual or homosexual, normal or perverted, actual or simulated;
(ii) Acts of masturbation;
(iii) Acts involving excretory functions or lewd exhibition of the genitals;
(iv) Acts of bestiality or the fondling of sex organs of animals; or
(v) Sexual acts of flagellation, torture or other violence indicating a sadomasochistic sexual relationship.
(2) Undeveloped photographs, molds, printing plates and the like shall be deemed obscene material, notwithstanding that processing or other acts may be required to make the obscenity patent or to distribute it.
(3) "Performance" means a play, motion picture, dance or other exhibition performed before an audience.
(4) "Patently offensive" means so offensive on its face as to affront current community standards of decency.
(5) "Wholesale distributes" means to distribute for the purpose of resale.
(6) "Material" means any book, magazine, newspaper, advertisement, pamphlet, poster, print, picture, figure, image, drawing, description, motion picture film, phonographic record, recording tape, video tape, or other tangible thing producing, reproducing or capable of producing or reproducing an image, picture, sound or sensation through sight, sound or touch, but it does not include an actual three-dimensional sexual device as defined in Section 3 of this act.
SECTION 3. A person commits the offense of distributing unlawful sexual devices when he knowingly sells, advertises, publishes or exhibits to any person any three-dimensional device designed or marketed as useful primarily for the stimulation of human genital organs, or offers to do so, or possesses such devices with the intent to do so. A person commits the offense of wholesale distributing unlawful sexual devices when he distributes for the purpose of resale any three-dimensional device designed or marketed as useful primarily for the stimulation of human genital organs, or offers to do so, or possesses such devices with the intent to do so.
SECTION 4. (1) This act shall not apply when the distribution or wholesale distribution of the material, performance or device was made by:
(a) A person, corporation, company, partnership, firm, association, business, establishment or other legal entity to a person associated with an institution of higher learning, either as a member of the faculty or as a matriculated student, teaching or pursuing a course of study related to such material, performance or device;
(b) A licensed physician or a licensed psychologist to a person whose receipt of such material or device was authorized in writing by such physician or psychologist in the course of medical or psychological treatment or care;
(c) A person who while acting in his capacity as an employee is employed on a full-time or part-time basis by (i) any recognized historical society or museum accorded charitable status by the federal government; (ii) any state, county or municipal public library; or (iii) any library of any public or private school, college or university in this state; or
(d) A community television antenna services system or a cable television system operating pursuant to a written agreement not in conflict with this paragraph granted by a county, municipality or other political subdivision of this state, or by an employee of such system while acting within the scope of his employment, when the signal transmitting the material or performance originates outside of the State of Mississippi.
(2) Any exemption from prosecution claimed under the provisions of this section may be raised at a pretrial hearing by motion, and the court shall determine whether sufficient evidence exists to constitute an exemption from prosecution under the provisions of this act. If the motion is sustained, the case shall be dismissed; provided, however, if the motion is not sustained then the defendant may offer into evidence at trial as an affirmative defense to conviction under this act any matter which could have been raised by the defendant in the motion to dismiss.
SECTION 5. Any person, except one who wholesale distributes, who violates Section 1 or Section 3 of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall, in the case of the first offense, be fined not more than Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00) or imprisoned in the county jail for a term not to exceed six (6) months, or both. If the person has been previously convicted of a violation of Section 1 or Section 3 of this act or of Section 97-5-27 or 97-5-29, Mississippi Code of 1972, then the person shall be fined not less than Two Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($2,500.00) nor more than Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00) or imprisoned for a term not to exceed one (1) year, or both.
Any person who wholesale distributes in violation of Section 1 or Section 3 of this act shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00) or imprisoned for a term not to exceed one (1) year, or both. If the person has been previously convicted of a violation of Section 1 or Section 3 of this act or of Section 97-5-27 or 97-5-29, Mississippi Code of 1972, then the person shall, upon conviction, be fined not less than Two Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($2,500.00) nor more than Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000.00) or imprisoned for a term not to exceed one (1) year, or both.
A corporation, company, partnership, firm, association, business, establishment, organization or other legal entity other than an individual convicted of distributing obscenity or unlawful sexual devices or wholesale distribution of obscenity or unlawful sexual devices shall be fined not less than One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) nor more than Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00). If such legal entity has been previously convicted of distributing obscenity or unlawful sexual devices or wholesale distribution of obscenity or unlawful sexual devices or of a violation of Section 97-5-27 or Section 97-5-29, Mississippi Code of 1972, then such legal entity shall be fined not less than Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00) nor more than Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000.00).
SECTION 6. If any provision of this act, including any part, phrase or word of any section, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this act which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this act are declared to be severable.
SECTION 7. Sections 97-29-33, 97-29-37, 97-29-39 and 97-29-41, Mississippi Code of 1972, which provide criminal offenses and penalties relating to the showing of obscene or immoral moving pictures, the sale, distribution or advertising of obscene pictures or indecent articles, and the publication, sale or distribution of obscene printed or written material, and Sections 99-31-1, 99-31-3, 99-31-5, 99-31-7, 99-31-9, 99-31-11, 99-31-13, 99-31-15, 99-31-17, 99-31-19, 99-31-21, 99-31-23, 99-31-25 and 99-31-27, Mississippi Code of 1972, which prescribe proceedings for the commencement and adjudication of actions relating to obscene publications, are hereby repealed.
SECTION 8. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after July 1, 1983.
AMEND FURTHER, by striking the title in its entirety and substituting in lieu thereof the following new title:
1.     AN ACT TO PROHIBIT THE DISTRIBUTION OF, OR THE OFFER TO
2.   DISTRIBUTE, OR THE POSSESSION WITH INTENT TO DISTRIBUTE OBSCENE
3.   MATERIAL OR UNLAWFUL SEXUAL DEVICES; TO PROVIDE PENALTIES
4.   THEREFOR; TO PROHIBIT THE WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION OF OBSCENE
5.   MATERIAL OR UNLAWFUL SEXUAL DEVICES AND TO PROVIDE PENALTIES
6.   THEREFOR; TO DESCRIBE THAT MATERIAL WHICH SHALL BE CONSIDERED
7.   OBSCENE; TO PROVIDE EXCLUSIONS FROM THIS ACT TO CERTAIN PERSONS;
8.   TO REPEAL SECTIONS 97-29-33, 97-29-37, 97-29-39 AND 97-29-41,
9.   MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, WHICH PROVIDE CRIMINAL OFFENSES AND
10.   PENALTIES RELATING TO THE SHOWING OF OBSCENE OR IMMORAL MOVING
11.   PICTURES, THE SALE, DISTRIBUTION OR ADVERTISING OF OBSCENE
12.   PICTURES OR INDECENT ARTICLES, AND THE PUBLICATION, SALE OR
13.   DISTRIBUTION OF OBSCENE PRINTED OR WRITTEN MATERIAL, AND SECTIONS
14.   99-31-1 THROUGH 99-31-27, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, WHICH
15.   PRESCRIBE PROCEEDINGS FOR THE COMMENCEMENT AND ADJUDICATION OF
16.   ACTIONS RELATING TO OBSCENE PUBLICATIONS; AND FOR RELATED
17.   PURPOSES.
CONFEREES ON THE PART OF THE HOUSE:       CONFEREES ON THE PART OF THE SENATE:
/s/ Stone D. Barefield                    /s/ Martin T. Smith
STONE D. BAREFIELD                        MARTIN T. SMITH
/s/ Betty Jane Long                       /s/ William B. Alexander
BETTY JANE LONG                           WILLIAM B. ALEXANDER
/s/ Horace L. Buckley                     /s/ J. C. (Con) Maloney, Jr.
HORACE L. BUCKLEY                         J. C. (CON) MALONEY, JR.


When a website is launched, many like to think it's a finished product and the work is complete. However, the reality of the situation is that websites are like houses and cars – they require ongoing maintenance to keep them fully functioning and up to date.
In today's digital world, your website is one of the most important marketing tools for your business – every move you make usually refers back to it in one way or another. With more and more DIY template-based websites being launched every day, many business owners are faced with the question of whether or not they should invest in a custom website designed and developed by professionals.


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"Long-Term Follow-Up of Cardiac Function and Quality of Life for Patien" by Patricia A. Ganz, Edward H. Romond et al.
Patients in NSABP Protocol B-31 received anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab for adjuvant treatment of node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive early-stage breast cancer. A long-term follow-up assessment was undertaken for patients who were alive and disease free, which included measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction by multigated acquisition scan along with patient-reported outcomes using the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), the Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire, and a review of current medications and comorbid conditions.
At a median follow-up of 8.8 years among eligible participants, five (4.5%) of 110 in the control group and 10 (3.4%) of 297 in the trastuzumab group had a > 10% decline in left ventricular ejection fraction from baseline to a value < 50%. Lower DASI scores correlated with age and use of medications for hypertension, cardiac conditions, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, but not with whether patients had received trastuzumab.
In patients without underlying cardiac disease at baseline, the addition of trastuzumab to adjuvant anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy does not result in long-term worsening of cardiac function, cardiac symptoms, or health-related quality of life. The DASI questionnaire may provide a simple and useful tool for monitoring patient-reported changes that reflect cardiac function.
Published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, v. 35, no. 35, p. 3942-3948.
Supported by Grants No. U10CA-180868, U10CA-180822, and UG1CA-189867 from the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (P.A.G.); Susan G. Komen for the Cure (E.P.M.); and Genentech.
Ganz, Patricia A.; Romond, Edward H.; Cecchini, Reena S.; Rastogi, Priya; Geyer, Charles E. Jr.; Swain, Sandra M.; Jeong, Jong-Hyeon; Fehrenbacher, Louis; Gross, Howard M.; Brufsky, Adam M.; Flynn, Patrick J.; Wahl, Tanya A.; Seay, Thomas E.; Wade, James L. III; Biggs, David D.; Atkins, James N.; Polikoff, Jonathan; Zapas, John L.; Mamounas, Eleftherios P.; and Wolmark, Norman, "Long-Term Follow-Up of Cardiac Function and Quality of Life for Patients in NSABP Protocol B-31/NRG Oncology: A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide (AC) Followed by Paclitaxel With AC Followed by Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab in Patients With Node-Positive Breast Cancer With Tumors Overexpressing Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2" (2017). Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications. 102.


This entry was posted in Holidays, Life, Parenting and tagged activities, camp, car, daddy blogger, drawing, goggles, ink, nothing, parenting, parenting skills, parenting tips, sketchbook, summer, swim by artofdad. Bookmark the permalink.
I love the one about short shorts– we were just talking about that yesterday! Good luck today!!!
Thanks Heather! Hope all your stuff went great today as well!


text:
Fact-Checking Elizabeth Warren on the Campaign Trail
Sanders generally agree
Measure ultimately passed
Israeli singing competition hakokhav haba
Fact-Checking Elizabeth Warren on the Campaign Trail Posted By: trendingpress June 1, 2019 Senator Elizabeth Warren has climbed in recent polls as she churns out a stream of ambitious policy proposals and renews calls for President Trump's impeachment .
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It's easy for Trump to tell his base that immigrants are stealing their jobs. It's trickier for Warren to explain on the campaign trail, in a nuanced way, that the systems of government are designed.
Mayor Pete Buttigieg spoke with Michael Patton, president of the South Bend NAACP, and Bishop Eddie Miller.CreditMichael.
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NYT > Politics Senator Elizabeth Warren has climbed in recent polls as she churns out a stream of ambitious policy proposals and renews calls for President Trump's impeachment. In public remarks, Ms. Warren weaves personal anecdotes with explanations of her many plans, interspersing statistics and critiques of wealth inequality and corruption in Washington.
This couple stole millions from an MIA lounge. Now they're doing prison time. 10 Things Retirees Need to Know About Selling Their Home 10 Things You'll Love About Retirement | Baby Boomers | US. – · 10 Things You'll Love About Retirement. People tend to be happiest when they're in their 60s and 70s – when work responsibilities have been shed, the.How Bad Does It Have to Get? – Democratic Underground – they're happy to see profits if a company markets a better product that helps people, but it's also happy if a company gets profits by cutting wages and benefits or laying off a ton of people. automation, lower wages in other countries, and weakened unions have combined to make it very difficult for ordinary people to get a share of the profits.
How the two candidates perform in the debates, on the campaign trail, and so forth, will likely go a long way to help voters differentiate the two. Warren and sanders generally agree on a lot of.
Elizabeth Warren appeared to be the first on Saturday to defend Harris. "We saw no coordinated use of automation during.
In April 2012, Ms. Warren then declined to take a position on the ballot initiative, before supporting legalized medical use in a radio interview that September. The measure ultimately passed. A few years later, Massachusetts considered another ballot initiative to approve recreational use.
Democratic US presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren is qualified. of being cold and stiff and inauthentic on the.
Weak pound has ripple effect on house prices ABSTRACT An alternative perspective is provided on the existence of a ripple effect in the UK housing market. In contrast to previous studies, the analysis involves consideration of information on the changes in house prices to which the hypothesis of house price diffusion posited by the ripple effect relates, rather than their2019 Rising Star: Brad Sivert Rising Star was a short-lived American reality television singing competition which began airing on ABC on June 22, 2014. It was based on the international franchise series Rising Star itself based on the israeli singing competition hakokhav haba (meaning "The Next Star") made by Keshet Broadcasting Ltd..
Trump made cutting back environmental regulation a signature issue on the campaign trail in 2016 and moved aggressively. a.
Fact-Checking Elizabeth Warren on the Campaign Trail. Posted by admin. Date: June 01, 2019. in: Political News, Politics. Leave a comment. 0 Views. Massachusetts decriminalized possession of small amounts of marijuana in 2008. But Ms. Warren, who first ran for the Senate in 2012, vacillated on a.
This claim is mostly true, but needs context. Harris, among other Democrats including Elizabeth Warren have used this claim.
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Morning Scoop: Sandy Hook group dumps Megyn Kelly as event host
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The Senate used to be initially conceived through the Founding Fathers as an anti-democratic counterweight to the extra risky condo of Representatives, yet within the 20th century it has usually acted as an obstacle to wanted reforms. 100 years in the past, senators have been nonetheless selected through nation legislatures, instead of via direct elections. Now, within the wake of the 2004 elections, and the consolidation of Republican keep watch over, the Senate is probably going to turn into a crucible of energy shifts that would have huge, immense effect on American politics within the twenty-first century. In The such a lot unique Club, acclaimed political historian Lewis Gould places the debates concerning the Senate's destiny into the context of its historical past from the innovative period to the conflict in Iraq. From fees of corruption to the occasional try at reform, Gould highlights the key gamers, concerns, and debates (including the League of countries, the McCarthy hearings, and the Iran-Contra affair) that experience formed the establishment. past the standard oversized figures reminiscent of Lyndon Johnson, Strom Thurmond, and Barry Goldwater, Gould additionally tells the tale of the lesser-known Senate leaders who've performed a necessary position in America's higher residence. choked with colourful anecdotes, it is a long-awaited background of 1 of the main strong political our bodies on the planet, written via a grasp. Gould's sweeping narrative combines deft storytelling with a clean examine the crucible of latest political debate and decision-making.
The disciples. Mary Magdalene. Lazarus. the hot testomony tells of Jesus, to make certain, however it is a Jesus depicted in interplay with many different people. Far too frequently, Jesus has been studied in isolation instead of as an individual sharing relationships. This e-book seeks to rediscover Jesus relating to the circulation starting to shape round him.
This can be the 1st western e-book just about wartime Soviet education. Its subject matter is decided opposed to the heritage of Soviet academic background and the occasions previous and characterising the nice Patriotic struggle of 1941-45. It considers how the warfare affected the already tricky company of colleges and their formal curriculum content material, and examines their stronger position as socialising brokers.
Hepburn of Iowa, passed again, by a vote of 346 to 7. There was strong support in the House, but members also had a free vote, since again they knew the measure would be decided in the Senate. Democrats gave the administration many votes in the House and were likely to repeat the process in the Senate. 14 The main Republican advocate of the Hepburn bill was Jonathan P. Dolliver of Iowa. Long an Allison protégé, he had become sympathetic to railroad reform, because of pressure from his constituents but also because he believed that the excesses of the rail lines had to be restrained.
The treaty sailed through in February 1904 by a vote of 66 to 14. Gorman had been embarrassed and his leadership called into question. The Democrats continued as a powerless minority in the chamber. "36 Since 1904 was a presidential election year, the upper house adjourned on May 7 and awaited the results of the voting in November. One prominent Republican senator, Mark Hanna of Ohio, had been a potential challenger to Roosevelt's nomination. After he got to the White House, Roosevelt had been very suspicious of Hanna, who had been McKinley's good friend and political ally and backer.
From 1901 to 1904 Roosevelt and the Senate felt each other out in readiness for the disputes over government regulation of business that would lie ahead if he gained a second term. S. senator was by no means a full-time job. Congress assembled each year in early December. In odd-numbered years, the session had no fixed time limit and could stretch through the spring and into the early summer before the heat of the city caused everyone who could to flee for cooler climes. Sessions in even-numbered years occurred after a presidential or congressional election, and in the first three decades of the twentieth century, presidential inaugurations fell on March 4, so sessions that opened in even-numbered years by law had to adjourn before March 4 of the following year.


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Muse in the Morning
On This Day In History April 4
By TMC in News
This is your morning Open Thread. Pour your favorite beverage and review the past and comment on the future.
Find the past "On This Day in History" here.
April 4 is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 271 days remaining until the end of the year.
On this day in 1949,the NATO pact signed
The United States and 11 other nations establish the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a mutual defense pact aimed at containing possible Soviet aggression against Western Europe. NATO stood as the main U.S.-led military alliance against the Soviet Union throughout the duration of the Cold War.
Relations between the United States and the Soviet Union began to deteriorate rapidly in 1948. There were heated disagreements over the postwar status of Germany, with the Americans insisting on German recovery and eventual rearmament and the Soviets steadfastly opposing such actions. In June 1948, the Soviets blocked all ground travel to the American occupation zone in West Berlin, and only a massive U.S. airlift of food and other necessities sustained the population of the zone until the Soviets relented and lifted the blockade in May 1949. In January 1949, President Harry S. Truman warned in his State of the Union Address that the forces of democracy and communism were locked in a dangerous struggle, and he called for a defensive alliance of nations in the North Atlantic-U.S military in Korea.NATO was the result. In April 1949, representatives from Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal joined the United States in signing the NATO agreement. The signatories agreed, "An armed attack against one or more of them… shall be considered an attack against them all." President Truman welcomed the organization as "a shield against aggression."
1081 – Alexios I Komnenos is crowned Byzantine emperor at Constantinople, beginning the Komnenian dynasty.
1147 – First historical record of Moscow.
1581 – Francis Drake is knighted for completing a circumnavigation of the world.
1660 – Declaration of Breda by King Charles II of England.
1721 – Sir Robert Walpole enters office as the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom under King George I.
1812 – U.S. President James Madison enacted a ninety-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom.
1814 – Napoleon abdicates for the first time.
1818 – The United States Congress adopts the flag of the United States with 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (then 20).
1841 – William Henry Harrison dies of pneumonia becoming the first President of the United States to die in office and the one with the shortest term served.
1850 – The Great Fire of Cottenham, a large part of the Cambridgeshire village (England) is burnt to the ground under suspicious circumstances.
1850 – Los Angeles, California is incorporated as a city.
1859 – Bryant's Minstrels debut "Dixie" in New York City in the finale of a blackface minstrel show.
1865 – American Civil War: A day after Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln visits the Confederate capital.
1866 – Alexander II of Russia narrowly escapes an assassination attempt in the city of Kiev.
1873 – The Kennel Club is founded, the oldest and first official registry of purebred dogs in the world.
1887 – Argonia, Kansas elects Susanna M. Salter as the first female mayor in the United States.
1905 – In India, the 1905 Kangra earthquake hits the Kangra valley, kills 20,000, and destroys most buildings in Kangra, Mcleodganj and Dharamshala
1913 – The Greek aviator Emmanouil Argyropoulos becomes the first pilot victim of the Hellenic Air Force when his plane crashes.
1930 – The Communist Party of Panama is founded.
1939 – Faisal II becomes King of Iraq.
1944 – World War II: First bombardment of Bucharest by Anglo-American forces kills 3000 civilians.
1945 – World War II: American troops liberate Ohrdruf forced labor camp in Germany.
1945 – World War II: Soviet Army takes control of Hungary.
1949 – Twelve nations sign the North Atlantic Treaty creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.
1958 – The CND Peace Symbol displayed in public for the first time in London.
1960 – Senegal independence day.
1964 – The Beatles occupy the top five positions on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart.
1965 – The first model of the new Saab Viggen fighter aircraft plane is unveiled.
1967 – Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers his "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" speech in New York City's Riverside Church.
1968 – Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray at a motel in Memphis, Tennessee.
1968 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 6.
1968 – AEK Athens BC becomes the first Greek team to win the European Basketball Cup.
1969 – Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart.
1973 – The World Trade Center in New York is officially dedicated.
1975 – Microsoft is founded as a partnership between Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico
1975 – Vietnam War: Operation Baby Lift – A United States Air Force C-5A Galaxy crashes near Saigon, South Vietnam shortly after takeoff, transporting orphans – 172 die.
1976 – Prince Norodom Sihanouk resigns as leader of Cambodia and is placed under house arrest.
1979 – President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed.
1979 – The 2nd Congress of the Communist Youth of Greece starts.
1983 – Space Shuttle Challenger makes its maiden voyage into space (STS-6).
1984 – President Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons.
1988 – Governor Evan Mecham of Arizona is convicted in his impeachment trial and removed from office.
1991 – Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania and six others are killed when a helicopter collides with their plane over an elementary school in Merion, Pennsylvania.
1994 – Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark found Netscape Communications Corporation under the name "Mosaic Communications Corporation".
1996 – Comet Hyakutake is imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous.
2002 – The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign a peace treaty ending the Angolan Civil War.
2007 – 15 British Royal Navy personnel held in Iran are released by the Iranian President.
2008 – In a raid on the FLDS's YFZ Ranch in Texas, 401 children and 133 women are taken into state custody.
* Children's Day (Taiwan and Hong Kong)
* Christian Feast Day:
o Isidore of Seville
o Tigernach of Clones
o April 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
* International Day for Landmine Awareness and Assistance (International)
history, On This Day in History, Open Thread


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Bortezomib for Glioblastoma
March 5, 2020 March 4, 2020 by neurosurgery.directory
Bortezomib is a boronic acid-based potent proteasome inhibitor that has been actively studied for its anti-tumour effects through inhibition of the proteasome. The proteasome is a key component of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway that is critical for protein homeostasis, regulation of cellular growth, and apoptosis. Overexpression of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is commonly reported in tumour cells and increases their invasive and metastatic abilities. In this study, we established a cell model of PLK4 knockdown and overexpression in LN-18, A172 and LN-229 cells and found that knockdown of PLK4 expression enhanced the anti-tumour effect of bortezomib. We further found that this effect may be mediated by the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and that the apoptotic and oxidative stress processes were activated, while the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was down-regulated. Similar phenomenon was observed using in vitro experiments. Thus, we speculate that PLK4 inhibition may be a new therapeutic strategy for GBM 1).
The addition of bortezomib to current standard radiochemotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients was tolerable. The PFS and OS rates appeared promising, with more benefit to MGMT methylated patients. Further clinical investigation is warranted in a larger cohort of patients 2).
Jane et al. investigated the sensitivity of a panel of glioma cell lines (U87, T98G, U373, A172, LN18, LN229, LNZ308, and LNZ428) to TRAIL alone and in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Analysis of these cell lines revealed marked differences in their sensitivity to these treatments, with two (LNZ308 and U373) of the eight cell lines revealing no significant induction of cell death in response to TRAIL alone. No correlation was found between sensitivity of cells to TRAIL and expression of TRAIL receptors DR4, DR5, and decoy receptor DcR1, caspase 8, apoptosis inhibitory proteins XIAP, survivin, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-Xl, and cFLIP. However, TRAIL-resistant cell lines exhibited a high level of basal NF-κB activity. Bortezomib was capable of potentiating TRAIL-induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant cells in a caspase-dependent fashion. Bortezomib abolished p65/NF-κB DNA-binding activity, supporting the hypothesis that inhibition of the NF-κB pathway is critical for the enhancement of TRAIL sensitization in glioma cells. Moreover, knockdown of p65/NF-κB by shRNA also enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis, indicating that p65/NF-κB may be important in mediating TRAIL sensitivity and the effect of bortezomib in promoting TRAIL sensitization and apoptosis induction 3).
Premkumar et al. demonstrated that proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, dramatically sensitized highly resistant glioma cells to apoptosis induction, suggesting that proteasomal inhibition may be a promising combination strategy for glioma therapeutics.
They examined whether bortezomib could enhance response to HDAC inhibition in glioma cells. Although primary cells from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients and established glioma cell lines did not show significant induction of apoptosis with vorinostat treatment alone, the combination of vorinostat plus bortezomib significantly enhanced apoptosis. The enhanced efficacy was due to proapoptotic mitochondrial injury and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Our results also revealed that combination of bortezomib with vorinostat enhanced apoptosis by increasing Mcl-1 cleavage, Noxa upregulation, Bak and Bax activation, and cytochrome c release. Further downregulation of Mcl-1 using shRNA enhanced cell killing by the bortezomib/vorinostat combination. Vorinostat induced a rapid and sustained phosphorylation of histone H2AX in primary GBM and T98G cells, and this effect was significantly enhanced by co-administration of bortezomib. Vorinostat/bortezomib combination also induced Rad51 downregulation, which plays an important role in the synergistic enhancement of DNA damage and apoptosis. The significantly enhanced antitumor activity that results from the combination of bortezomib and HDACIs offers promise as a novel treatment for glioma patients 4).
One resistance mechanism in malignant gliomas (MG) involves nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Bortezomib prevents proteasomal degradation of NF-κB inhibitor α (NFKBIA), an endogenous regulator of NF-κB signaling, thereby limiting the effects of NF-κB on tumor survival and resistance. A presurgical phase II trial of bortezomib in recurrent MG was performed to determine drug concentration in tumor tissue and effects on NFKBIA. Patients were enrolled after signing an IRB approved informed consent. Treatment was bortezomib 1.7 mg/m(2) IV on days 1, 4 and 8 and then surgery on day 8 or 9. Post-operatively, treatment was Temozolomide (TMZ) 75 mg/m(2) PO on days 1-7 and 14-21 and bortezomib 1.7 mg/m(2) on days 7 and 21 [1 cycle was (1) month]. Ten patients were enrolled (8 M and 2 F) with 9 having surgery. Median age and KPS were 50 (42-64) and 90 % (70-100). The median cycles post-operatively was 2 (0-4). The trial was stopped as no patient had a PFS-6. All patients are deceased. Paired plasma and tumor bortezomib concentration measurements revealed higher drug concentrations in tumor than in plasma; NFKBIA protein levels were similar in drug-treated vs. drug-naïve tumor specimens. Nuclear 20S proteasome was less in postoperative samples. Postoperative treatment with TMZ and bortezomib did not show clinical activity. Bortezomib appears to sequester in tumor but pharmacological effects on NFKBIA were not seen, possibly obscured due to downregulation of NFKBIA during tumor progression. Changes in nuclear 20S could be marker of bortezomib effect on tumor 5).
McCracken et al. conducted a phase I trial of dose-escalating temozolomide with bevacizumab and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib for patients with recurrent disease. Three groups of three patients were scheduled to receive daily doses of temozolomide at 25, 50, and 75 mg/m2. Fixed doses of bortezomib and bevacizumab were given at standard intervals. Patients were monitored for dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of temozolomide with this regimen. No DLT were seen in the first two groups (25 and 50 mg/m2 temozolomide). One patient in the 75 mg/m2 group experienced a grade 4 elevation of ALT and three more patients were accrued for a total of six patients at that dose level. No other DLT occurred, thus making 75 mg/m2 the MTD. Progression-free survival was 3.27 months for all patients and mean overall survival was 20.75 months. The MTD of temozolomide was 75 mg/m2 in combination with bevacizumab and bortezomib for recurrent glioblastoma. Only one patient experienced a severe (Grade 4) elevation of ALT. This study will provide the framework for further studies to elicit effectiveness and better determine a safety profile for this drug combination 6).
Oncolytic viruses, proteasome inhibitors, and natural killer (NK)-cell immunotherapy have all been studied extensively as monotherapies but have never been evaluated in combination. Synergetic treatment of oncolytic virus-infected glioblastomas with a proteasome inhibitor induces necroptotic cell death to enhance NK-cell immunotherapy, prolonging survival against human glioblastoma 7).
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is effective for a variety of tumors, but not for GBM. The authors' goal was to demonstrate that bortezomib can be effective in the orthotopic GBM murine model if the appropriate method of drug delivery is used. In this study the Alzet mini-osmotic pump was used to bring the drug directly to the tumor in the brain, circumventing the blood-brain barrier; thus making bortezomib an effective treatment for GBM. METHODS The 2 human glioma cell lines, U87 and U251, were labeled with luciferase and used in the subcutaneous and intracranial in vivo tumor models. Glioma cells were implanted subcutaneously into the right flank, or intracranially into the frontal cortex of athymic nude mice. Mice bearing intracranial glioma tumors were implanted with an Alzet mini-osmotic pump containing different doses of bortezomib. The Alzet pumps were introduced directly into the tumor bed in the brain. Survival was documented for mice with intracranial tumors. RESULTS Glioma cells were sensitive to bortezomib at nanomolar quantities in vitro. In the subcutaneous in vivo xenograft tumor model, bortezomib given intravenously was effective in reducing tumor progression. However, in the intracranial glioma model, bortezomib given systemically did not affect survival. By sharp contrast, animals treated with bortezomib intracranially at the tumor site exhibited significantly increased survival. CONCLUSIONS Bypassing the blood-brain barrier by using the osmotic pump resulted in an increase in the efficacy of bortezomib for the treatment of intracranial tumors. Thus, the intratumoral administration of bortezomib into the cranial cavity is an effective approach for glioma therapy 8).
Wang J, Ren D, Sun Y, Xu C, Wang C, Cheng R, Wang L, Jia G, Ren J, Ma J, Tu Y, Ji H. Inhibition of PLK4 might enhance the anti-tumour effect of bortezomib on glioblastoma via PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Mar 3. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14996. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32126150.
Kong XT, Nguyen NT, Choi YJ, Zhang G, Nguyen HN, Filka E, Green S, Yong WH, Liau LM, Green RM, Kaprealian T, Pope WB, Nghiemphu PL, Cloughesy T, Lassman A, Lai A. Phase 2 Study of Bortezomib Combined With Temozolomide and Regional Radiation Therapy for Upfront Treatment of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Safety and Efficacy Assessment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Apr 1;100(5):1195-1203. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.001. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PubMed PMID: 29722661.
Jane EP, Premkumar DR, Pollack IF. Bortezomib sensitizes malignant human glioma cells to TRAIL, mediated by inhibition of the NF-{kappa}B signaling pathway. Mol Cancer Ther. 2011 Jan;10(1):198-208. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0725. PubMed PMID: 21220502; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3075591.
Premkumar DR, Jane EP, Agostino NR, DiDomenico JD, Pollack IF. Bortezomib-induced sensitization of malignant human glioma cells to vorinostat-induced apoptosis depends on reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, Noxa upregulation, Mcl-1 cleavage, and DNA damage. Mol Carcinog. 2013 Feb;52(2):118-33. doi: 10.1002/mc.21835. Epub 2011 Nov 15. PubMed PMID: 22086447; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4068609.
Raizer JJ, Chandler JP, Ferrarese R, Grimm SA, Levy RM, Muro K, Rosenow J, Helenowski I, Rademaker A, Paton M, Bredel M. A phase II trial evaluating the effects and intra-tumoral penetration of bortezomib in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. J Neurooncol. 2016 Aug;129(1):139-46. doi: 10.1007/s11060-016-2156-3. Epub 2016 Jun 14. PubMed PMID: 27300524.
McCracken DJ, Celano EC, Voloschin AD, Read WL, Olson JJ. Phase I trial of dose-escalating metronomic temozolomide plus bevacizumab and bortezomib for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2016 Oct;130(1):193-201. Epub 2016 Aug 9. PubMed PMID: 27502784.
Suryadevara CM, Riccione KA, Sampson JH. Immunotherapy Gone Viral: Bortezomib and oHSV Enhance Antitumor NK-Cell Activity. Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Nov 1;22(21):5164-5166. Epub 2016 Aug 12. PubMed PMID: 27521450; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5093093.
Wang W, Cho HY, Rosenstein-Sisson R, Marín Ramos NI, Price R, Hurth K, Schönthal AH, Hofman FM, Chen TC. Intratumoral delivery of bortezomib: impact on survival in an intracranial glioma tumor model. J Neurosurg. 2017 Apr 14:1-6. doi: 10.3171/2016.11.JNS161212. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28409734.
Categories Articles, Drugs, Neurooncology Tags bortezomib, glioblastoma Post navigation
Trigonocephaly
3D NEUROANATOMY – Intrinsic brain anatomy and surgical approaches


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For Indian Transgenders, Building 'Ashram' Is an Uphill Battle
PM Modi has called for treating transgenders with greater sensitivity, but ground reality remains different.
Ankit Sinha
Published: 01 Jul 2016, 10:03 PM IST
They are ostracised, humiliated and sneered at, and yet India's transgender community continues to battle for their rights. Fida, a member of India's first transgender group 6 Pack Band says the community in the Mumbai region aspires for an "ashram" of its own, but they have yet not been able to get the land for it.
According to Fida, an organistion called the Kinnar Maa Samajik Sanstha Trust had requested for a separate ashram for the transgenders in Mumbai, but they are yet to get the work done.
There are a lot of handicapped kinnars (transgenders) who are either homeless, or who have faced acid attacks. Some of them have sustained injuries after being thrown from trains while begging. There are old age ashrams, but there is nothing for the transgenders.
In 2014, the Supreme Court had ordered that transgenders be treated as the "third gender" and be given reservations on the lines of those for OBCs (other backward classes).
Last Novmeber, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had called for treating transgenders with greater sensitivity. "We need to amend and make new laws for transgenders," he had said.
Fida, member of the six pack band. (Photo: IANS)
The 6 Pack Band
Fida said that the trust hasn't got permission for the ashram owing to political issues.
We have been fighting to get this ashram for the last five to six years. We have asked for an ashram in Thane.
Fida has now gained fame with 6 Pack Band, which won the coveted Cannes Grand Prix Glass Lion at the Cannes Lions Festival. It was given to the group for espousing a social cause. Backed by Yash Raj Films' youth-wing Y-Films, the group has even worked with industry stalwarts like Sonu Nigam and Hrithik Roshan, who have given them support.
Fida says that she wants to use this platform to help her community.
Fight for the Transgender Ashram
Due to the lack of an ashram, Fida rued that the already marginalised transgender community of India is forced to beg on the streets or work at bars.
Those who are rotting on the street are still suffering, those who are working in beer bars are still stuck there. We have been ignored. We will die on the streets. The government is not giving attention to us.
Last year, the Kinnar Maa Samajik Sanstha Trust had organised a Pink Rally to demand equal rights for the transgender community in India. Fida said that despite such rallies and the support they garner, India's transgenders are yet to find firm footing in society.
"Nobody helped us. We organised the Pink Rally, but after some hulabulloo everything quietened down. Nobody does anything," she lamented.
The ostracism for transgenders in the country is so heightened, says Fida, that members of the community even find it difficult to live in rented houses.
Wherever we stay on rent, the people say, 'Why have you kept this hijra?' Then where do we go? That is why we need the ashram so that we can live respectfully with our own community.
(This article is published in arragement with IANS.)