text:
A METHOD OF TREATING FABRICS
The present invention relates to a method of treating fabrics, garn1ents, or yams during manufacture comprising treating undyed fabric, garn1ent, or yam in an aqueous medium at a temperature below 70°C with an effective amount of a haloperoxidase, a halide source in a concentration that corresponds to 0.01-1000 mM, and a hydrogen peroxide source in a concentration that corresponds to a hydrogen peroxide concentration in the range of from 0.01-1000 mM.
TREATMENT OF FABRICS, GARMENTS, OR YARNS WITH HALOPEROXIDASE
The present invention relates to a new method of treating undyed fabrics, garments, or yarn comprising treating the undyed fabric, garment, or yarn in an aqueous medium with a haloperoxidase, a halide source and a hydrogen peroxide source-
Textiles composed of materials such as wool and, in particular, cellulosics such as cotton, are frequently bleached during manufacturing. Hydrogen peroxide is often used as a bleaching agent. In addition to hydrogen peroxide, the bleaching solutions will normally contain silicates, caustic agents, chelators, organic stabilizers, magnesium salts, and wetting agents. The bleaching treatment has two primary functions; the first is to obtain a high level of whiteness, and the second (when the textile is a cellulosic material) is to break down and solubilize mote materials. Typical bleaching conditions are 0.5'1.5% hydrogen peroxide, 0.5-2% sodium silicate, 0,1-0.4% caustic, and 0.2% chelators at a temperature of lOO'C. WO 92/18683 describes a process for
bleaching dyed textiles with peroxidases and oxidases-
Furthermore, fabrics, garments, or yarns are sometimes treated in order to improve dyeing characteristics such as dye uptake•
Furthermore, fabrics, garments, or yarns of wool or other animal hair fibers are sometimes treated in order to protect against the tendency to shrink. Methods to generate shrink-resistant fabrics, garments, or yarns are known. The most commonly used method for wool is the IWS/CSIRO Chlorine Horsiest process, which comprises an acid chlorination of wool, followed by a polymer application. This process imparts a high degree of shrink-resistance to wool, but adversely affects the handle of wool, and generates environmentally damaging waste. Other methods to reduce shrinkage of fabrics, garments, or yarns which do not result in release of damaging
substances to the environment have been described, including processes such as low-temperature plasma treatments.
The object of the present invention is to provide an enzyme-based method for treating fabrics, garments, or yarn, in order to provide advantages with regard to improved bleaching effect, dye uptake, and/or shrink-resistance, and by which methods, it is possible to reduce fiber damage and limit the use of environmentally damaging chemicals.
It has now been found that certain properties of fabrics, garments, or yarn may be improved by subjecting the undyed fabric, garment, or yarn to a treatment with a haloperoxidase together with a hydrogen peroxide source and a halide source in an amount effective for providing the desired effect. One embodiment of the invention provides a method of manufacturing a bleached fabric, garment or yarn comprising treating undyed fabric, garment or yarn in an aqueous medium with an effective amount of a haloperoxidase, a halide source and a hydrogen peroxide source at a lower temperature typically at 30-70'C than what is used in a traditional
hydrogen peroxide bleaching- This embodiment provides a process for bleaching undyed fabric, garment or yarn at a
lower temperature than 100°C, and a bleaching process which
requires less chemicals than what is needed today. Another embodiment provides a method of bleaching motes in a cellulosic fabric, garment or yarn comprising treating undyed fabric, garment or yarn in an aqueous medium with an effective amount of a haloperoxidase, a halide source and a hydrogen peroxide source•
Another embodiment of the invention provides a method of manufacturing fabrics, garments, or yarns with improved shrink-resistance or dye uptake. The fabric, garment, or yarn is preferably of wool.
Other aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the claims.
Before the methods of the invention are described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methods described, The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, references to "ha1 operoxidase" or "haloperoxidase preparation" include mixtures of such haloperoxidase, reference to "the method" includes one or more methods, and/or steps of the type described herein and/or which will become apparent to those persons skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure and so forth.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the material for which the reference was cited in connection with.
The term "undyed' refers to fabric, garment, or yarn that has not fully completed a dyeing process. Dyeing may optionally be carried out during or after the method according to the invention. Preferably the enzyme treatment is carried out change in the color space coordinates L*a*b* (CIELAB-system): L gives the change in white/black at a scale of from 0 to 100. A decrease in L* means an increase in black colour (decreasebefore the dyeing step.
The term 'bleaching' is here defined as a whitening of the fabric, garment, or yarn, and can be measured by using the of white colour), an increase in h means an increase in white
colour (a decrease in black colour), Bleaching may also be measured using Standbys units (W = L + 3a 3b).
Fabric can be constructed from fibres by weaving, knitting or non-woven operations. Weaving and knitting require yarn as the input whereas a non-woven fabric is the result of random bonding of fibres (paper can be thought of as non-woven) •
Woven fabric is constructed by weaving "filling" or weft yarns between wrap yarns stretched in the longitudinal direction on the loom. The wrap yarns must be sized before weaving in order to lubricate and protect them from abrasion at the high speed insertion of the filling yarns during weaving. The filling yarn can be woven through the warp yarns in a "over one - under the next" fashion (plain weave) or by ''over one - under two" (twill) or any other myriad of permutations. Strength, texture and pattern are related not only to the type/quality of the yarn but also the type of weave. Generally, dresses, shirts, pants, sheeting's, towels, draperies, etc. are produced from woven fabric.
Knitting is forming a fabric by joining together interlocking loops of yarn. As opposed to weaving which is constructed from two types of yarn and has many "ends", knitted fabric is produced from a single continuous strand of yarn. As with weaving, there are many different ways to loop yarn together and the final fabric properties are dependent both upon the yarn and the type of knit. Underwear, sweaters, socks, sport shirts, sweat shirts, etc- are derived from knit fabrics-
Non*woven fabrics are sheets of fabric made by bonding and/or interlocking fibres and filaments by mechanical, thermal, chemical or solvent-mediated processes. The resultant fabric can be in the form of web-like structures, laminates or films. Typical examples are disposable baby diapers, towels, wipes, surgical gowns, garments for the "environmental friendly" fashion, filter media, bedding, roofing materials, backing for two-dimensional fabrics and many others.
According to the invention, the process may be applied to any fabric known in the art (woven, knitted, or non-woven). In
particular the bleaching process may be applied to cellulose-containing or cellulosic fabrics, such as cotton, viscose, rayon, ramie, linen, lyocell (e.g., Tencel, produced by Curtailed Fibers), or mixtures thereof, or mixtures of any of these fibres, or mixtures of any of these fibres together with synthetic fibres (e.g., polyester, polyamide, nylon) or other natural fibers such as wool and silk. The term ''wool" includes any commercially useful animal hair product, for example, wool from sheep, camel, rabbit, goat, or llamas, and includes wool fiber and animal hair. The method of the invention can be used with wool or animal hair material in the form of top, fiber, yarn, or woven or knitted fabric. The enzymatic treatment can also be carried out on loose flock or on garments made from wool or animal hair material.
The treatment can be performed at many different stages of processing.
The term 'shrinkage" refers to the felting shrinkage of fibers as defined in IWS TM 31, i.e., felting shrinkage is the irreversible shrinkage caused by progressive entanglement of the wool fibers induced by washing in an aqueous solution, and is defined as the reduction in length and/or width induced by washing. Shrinkage can be measured in accordance with IWS TM 31, or it can be measured using the following modification-Wool samples (24 cm x 24 cm) are sewed around the edges and inscribed with a rectangle (18 cm x 18 cm). Samples are treated, air-dried, then subjected to five cycles of machine washing and drying (warm wash, high heat of drying) in combination with external ballast such as towels and articles of clothing- The dimensions of the rectangle are measured after five cycles, and the shrinkage is defined as the change in dimensions of the rectangle, after accounting for initial relaxation shrinkage.
The term 'shrink-resistance" is a measure of the reduction in shrinkage (as defined above, after wash/dry cycles) for material that has been treated relative to material that has not been treated, i.e..
Shrink-resistance= (Shrinkageuntreated ' Shrinkagetreated) /Shrinkagetreated
The value is multiplied by 100 in order to be expressed as a percentage.
The term "dye uptake" refers to properties associated with dyeing of fabrics, garments or yarn such as of wool or animal hair material. Dye uptake is a measure of the capacity of wool or animal hair material immersed in a dye solution to absorb available dyestuff. This property can be measured by the following test. In a suitable reaction vessel, wool or animal hair material is added to a buffered solution of acid black 172 (300 ml of 0.05 M NAACP buffer, pH 4.5, plus 7.5 mL of a 1.0% w/w solution of acid black 172 in water). The vessel is incubated in a shaking water bath at 50°C for 15 minutes with mild agitation. After removal of the material from solution, it is allowed to air-dry, then measured in a suitable spectrophotometer to determine CIELAB values. Dye uptake is determined by the L* reading, and changes in dye uptake are found by determining do* relative to untreated material,
''Mote'' particles are dark brown particles found on unbleached cotton fabric, also called "dark spots". They are cotton pod and stem residues originating from the mechanical picking of cotton. The brown colour is due to the high lignin content of the mote particles,
Haloperoxidases
In the context of the present invention, the term "haloper-oxidase" is intended to mean an enzyme selected from the group consisting of chloride peroxidase (EC 1,11.1.10), bromide peroxidase, and iodide peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.8).
A chloride peroxidase is an enzyme capable of oxidizing chloride, bromide and iodide ions with the consumption of H2O2 •
A bromide peroxidase is an enzyme capable of oxidizing bromide and iodide ions with the consumption of H2O2.
A iodide peroxidase is an enzyme capable of oxidizing iodide ions with the consumption of H2O2.
Haloperoxidases form a class of enzymes capable of oxidizing halides (X = C1-, Br-, or I-) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to the corresponding hypohalous acid (HOX) according to the equation:
H2O2 + X- + H+ -> H2O -f HOX
If an appropriate nucleophile is present, a reaction will occur with HOX, whereby bleaching may take place.
Haloperoxidases have been isolated from various organisms: mammals, marine animals, plants, algae, a lichen, fungi and bacteria (for reference see Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1161, 1993, pp, 249-256), It is generally accepted that haloperoxidases are the enzymes responsible for the formation of halogenated compounds in nature, although other enzymes may be involved,
Haloperoxidases have been isolated from many different fungi, in particular from the fungus group dematiaceous hypho-mycetes, such as Caldariomyces, e.g., C, fumago, Alternaria, Curvularia, e.g., C. verruculosa and C, inaequalis, Drechslera, Ulocladium and Botrytis (see US Patent No. 4,937,192).
According to the present invention, a haloperoxidase obtainable from Curvularia, in particular C. verruculosa, is preferred, Curvularia haloperoxidase and recombinant production thereof is described in WO 97/04102.
Haloperoxidase has also been isolated from bacteria such as PseudomonaS, e.g., P. pyrrocinia (for reference see The Journal of Biological Chemistry 263, 1988, pp. 13725-13732) and Streptomyces, e.g., S. aureofaciens (for reference see Structural Biology 1, 1994, pp. 532-537).
Bromide peroxidase has been isolated from algae (see US Patent No. 4,937,192).
In use, the concentration of the haloperoxidase may be varied in order to achieve the desired bleaching effect in the desired time frame. However, according to the invention, the haloperoxidase will normally be added in a concentration of 0.01-100 mg enzyme protein per liter, preferably in a concentration of 0*1-50 mg enzyme protein per liter, more preferably
in a concentration of 1-10 mg enzyme protein per liter.
Halide Sources
According to the invention, the halide source for the reaction with haloperoxidase may be achieved in many different ways: The halide source may be sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium iodide, or potassium iodide. The concentration of the halide source will typically correspond to 0.01-1000 mM, preferably in the range of from 0.1-500 mM.
Hydrogen Peroxide Sources
According to the invention, the hydrogen peroxide needed for the reaction with the haloperoxidase may be achieved in many different ways: It may be hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide precursor, such as percarbonate or perborate, or a peroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, or it may be a hydrogen peroxide generating enzyme system, such as an oxidase and its substrate. Useful oxidases include glucose oxidase, a glycerol oxidase or an amino acid oxidase. An example of an amino acid oxidase is given in WO 94/25574.
According to the invention, the hydrogen peroxide source needed for the reaction with the haloperoxidase may be added in a concentration corresponding to a hydrogen peroxide concentration in the range of from 0.01-1000 mM, preferably in the range of from 0.1-500 mM.
The chosen procedure will depend on the haloperoxidase in question, regarding pH optimum, temperature optimum, etc.
If a haloperoxidase from Curvularia verruculosa is used, the processing conditions could be:
30-70°C, pH 5, using 1-5 mg enzyme/liter, 50-500 mM halide (e.g. sodium chloride), 20 mM hydrogen peroxide, at a liquor/fabric ratio of from 4:1-30:1, for a reaction time of 30-120 min. (as illustrated in Example 1).
A buffer may be added to the reaction medium to maintain a suitable pH for the haloperoxidase used. The buffer may suitably be a phosphate, borate, citrate, acetate, radiate, triethanolamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, carbonate (especially alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, in par-
titular sodium or potassium carbonate, or ammonium and HCl salts) , diamante, especially diaminoethane, imidazole, or amino acid buffer.
The process of the invention may be carried out in the presence of conventional fabric, garment, or yarn finishing agents, including wetting agents, polymeric agents, dispersing agents, etc.
A conventional wetting agent may be used to improve the contact between the substrate and the enzyme used in the process. The wetting agent may be a nonionic surfactant, e.g., an ethoxylated fatty alcohol. A very useful wetting agent is an ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid ester such as Berol 087 (product of Akzo Nobel, Sweden).
Examples of suitable polymers include proteins (e.g., bovine serum albumin, whey, casein or legume proteins), protein hydrolysates (e.g., whey, casein or soy protein hydrolysate), polypeptides, lignosulfonates, polysaccharides and derivatives thereof, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethylene diamine condensed with ethylene or propylene oxide, ethoxylated polyamines, or ethoxylated amine polymers.
The dispersing agent may suitably be selected from nonionic, anionic, cationic, ampholytic or zwitterionic surfactants. More specifically, the dispersing agent may be selected from carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, alkyl aryl sulphonates, long-chain alcohol sulphates (primary and secondary alkyl sulphates), sulphonated olefins, sulphated monoglycerides, sulphated ethers, sulphosuccinates, sulphonated methyl ethers, alkane sulphonates, phosphate esters, alkyl isothionates, acylsarcosides, alkyltaurides, fluorosurfactants, fatty alcohol and alkylphenol condensates, fatty acid condensates, condensates of ethylene oxide with an amine, condensates of ethylene oxide with an amide, sucrose esters, sorbitan esters, alkyloamides, fatty amine oxides, ethoxylated monoamines, ethoxylated diamines, alcohol ethoxylate and mixtures thereof. A very useful dispersing agent is an alcohol ethoxylate such as Berol 08 (product of Akzo Nobel, Sweden),
The bleaching processing may be performed in any machinery known in the art*
Inactivation of the haloperoxidase in question will normally not be necessary; however if an inactivation of the enzyme is wanted it may be performed as known in the art, e.g,, high temperature and/or high pH, but the specific inactivation conditions will of course depend on the enzyme in use.
The fabric may be further finished by one or more of the following treatments as known in the art: dyeing, biopolishing, brightening, softening, and/or anti-wrinkling treatment(s).
Test Procedure
The test procedure for fabric bleaching may be performed visually and by using a Minolta Chroma Meter CR200, a Minolta Chroma Meter CR300 or a Minolta Chroma Meter 508i.
Evaluation: A Minolta Chroma Meter (available from Minolta Corp,) is used according to Manufacturer's instructions to evaluate the degree of bleaching as well as to estimate any discoloration using the change in the colour space coordinates L*a*b* (CIELAB-system) : L* gives the change in white/black at a scale of from 0 to 100, a* gives the change in green (-a*)/red (+a*) , and b* gives the change in blue (-b*)/yellow (+b*) * A decrease in L* means an increase in black colour (decrease of white colour), an increase in L* means an increase in white colour (a decrease in black colour), a decrease in a means an increase in green colour (decrease in red colour), an increase in a* means an increase in red colour (a decrease in green colour) , a decrease in b* means an increase in blue colour (a decrease in yellow colour), and an increase in b* means an increase in yellow colour (a decrease in blue colour)-
The instrument is calibrated using a standard calibration plate (white).
The invention is further illustrated in the following examples, which are not intended to be in any way limiting to the scope of the invention as claimed-
Bleaching of raw cotton swatches with Curvularia verruculosa haloperoxidase
Experimental conditions:
The bleaching system contained 3 mg/1 recombinant Curvularia verruculosa haloperoxidase with [NaCl]=100 mM as substrate and [H2O2]=20 mM as donor. pH was adjusted to pH=5.
The swatches were bleached for 60 minutes at 40°C. (The enzyme was produced as described in WO 97/04102) .
The bleaching system was tested on twill cotton swatches and woven cotton swatches-
For twill fabric the fabric/liquor ratio was: 1 g of fabric in 15 ml of aqueous medium.
For woven fabric the fabric/liquor ratio was: 1 g of fabric in 20 ml of aqueous medium.
Significant visual bleaching was obtained with the experimental conditions described above.
Note that the blind test assures that the observed bleaching effect is enzymatic in nature.
The bleaching results are presented in the Table 1 below:
AL*/Aa*/Ab* on raw cotton swatches'.
Bleaching Twill' Woven'
Blind' (-)0.2 / 0.1 / 0.0 (-)0.2 / 0,0 / (-)O.l
Enzyme"' 2.5 / (-)0.9 / (-)l-5 1.6 / (-)0.6 / (-)l-3
': Measurements were all done on a Minolta 508i.
Lamp was set to D65 and 2'.
'; Desired swatches obtained from Test Fabrics.
': System consists of NaCl, hydrogen peroxide and acetate
': System consists of haloperoxidase, NaCl, hydrogen peroxide
and acetate buffer.
Bleaching of motes with Curvularia verruculosa haloperoxidase
The bleaching system was the same as described in Example 1: 3 mg/1 recombinant Curvularia verruculosa haloperoxidase with [NaCl] =100 mM as substrate and [H2O2]=20 mM as donor. pH was adjusted to pH=5.
The swatches were bleached for 60 minutes at 40*'C in an Atlas LP2 Lauder-o-meter. Linen woven 100% cotton was supplied by Nordisk Textile Vaeveri & Trickery A/S. The fabric/liquor ratio was 1 g of fabric in 20 ml of aqueous medium.
Motes were counted on a fabric area of 10 cm x 15 cm (on both sides),
A mote was defined as a "dark spot" on the cotton surface irrespective of size.
Double determination of the mote bleaching effect was
carried out.
The numbers 1 and 2 in Table 2 refer to the separate
fabric cloths used.
Note that a positive difference in mote count can be due to the motes splitting up due to the mechanical handling of the fabric cloth.
': Fabric washed in buffer only.
': Conditions as described above in the experimental section
but without added enzyme.
': Conditions as described above in the experimental section.
The reference tests illustrate the effects of the mechanical washing procedure and as can be seen from Table 2, the loss of motes is ambiguous, (The mechanical washing procedure has no significant effect on the number of motes left on the cloth after the bleaching.)
Table 2 shows that there is a significant loss of motes when submitting the fabric cloth to the enzymatic bleaching conditions. The blind test assures that the observed effect is enzymatic in nature.
Treatment of wool with Curvularia verruculosa haloperoxidase
The enzyme system was the same as described in Example 1: 3 mg/1 recombinant Curvularia verrucuiosa haloperoxidase with [NaCl]=100 mM as substrate and [H2O2]=20 mM as donor. pH was adjusted to pH==5.
Swatches (24 cm x 24 cm, approx. 10 g each) of TF532 Jersey Knit Wool were cut and sewn around the edge with a surger. A permanent marker was used to draw an 18 x 18 rectangle on each swatch.
We claim:
1. A method of treating fabrics, garments, or yams during manufacture
comprising treating undyed fabric, garment, or yam in an aqueous medium at a
temperature below 70°C with an effective amount of a haloperoxidase, a halide
source in a concentration that corresponds to 0.01-1000 mM, and a hydrogen
peroxide source in a concentration that corresponds to a hydrogen peroxide
concentration in the range of from 0.01-1000 mM.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fabric, garment, or yam is a cellulosic fabric.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fabric, garment, or yam is a silk fabric or a wool fabric.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cellulosic fabric is denim.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the haloperoxidase is obtainable from feign, from bacteria, or from algae.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the haloperoxidase is obtainable from a fungus selected from the group consisting of Caldariomyces, Alternaria, Curvularia, Drechslera, Ulocladium and Botrytis.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the haloperoxidase is obtainable from Curvularia.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the haloperoxidase is obtainable from Curvularia verruculosa.
9. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the haloperoxidase is obtainable from a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Pseudomonas and Streptomyces.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the haloperoxidase is in the range of from 0.01-100 mg enzyme protein per liter.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the halide source is sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium iodide, or potassium iodide.
12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the source of hydrogen peroxide is hydrogen peroxide, or a hydrogen peroxide precursor, e.g., percarbonate or perborate, or a hydrogen peroxide generating enzyme system, e.g., an oxidize and its substrate, or a peroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof
13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aqueous medium contains a surfactant.
1241-mas-1998-abstract.pdf
1241-mas-1998-assignement.pdf
1241-mas-1998-claims filed.pdf
1241-mas-1998-claims granted.pdf
1241-mas-1998-correspondnece-others.pdf
1241-mas-1998-correspondnece-po.pdf
1241-mas-1998-description(complete)filed.pdf
1241-mas-1998-description(complete)granted.pdf
1241-mas-1998-form 1.pdf
1241-mas-1998-form 26.pdf
1241-mas-1998-pct.pdf
1241/MAS/1998
KROGSHOJVEJ 36, DK-2880 BAFSVAERD,
1 JACOB WINKLER PETER FABERS GADE 24, 3.T.V, DK- 2200 COPENHAGEN N,
2 LARS SPARRE CONRAD GASEURTVEJ, DK-2700 BRONSHOJ,
D 06 M 16/00
1 0673/97 1997-06-09 Denmark


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A man suffered from burns in a fire at a property in Torquay yesterday, Sunday 25th February.
Fire crews from Torquay and Paignton and an ambulance crew attended the incident in Warren Road at around 4.50pm.
The road was temporarily closed whilst fire crews dealt with the fire.
The fire was caused by a chip pan.
The man was treated for flash burns and smoke inhalation.
"On arrival, crews confirmed fire involving a chip pan in a single storey property. Crews used two breathing apparatus sets, a hose reel jet, a covering jet and a dry powder extinguisher to extinguish the fire.
"Crews requested an Ambulance to attend, due to one male occupant suffering flash burns and smoke inhalation.


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Tag Archives: jacqui katona
The Swan Book
Speculative fiction novel about an Aboriginal woman and her swans
Content warning: sexual assault
I've mentioned previously on this blog that I've started listening to audio books as a means of motivating myself to go to the gym. I'm still fine-tuning how exactly I select which books to listen to, but certainly the quality of the narrator is something I've realised is important to me. I have been trying to read more books by Aboriginal authors, and although I had heard of this author, I hadn't actually read any of her work. I was scrolling through the categories on Audible and this book jumped out at me. I listened to the narrator in the sample, and immediately knew I wanted to hear more.
"The Swan Book" by Alexis Write and narrated by Jacqui Katona is a speculative fiction novel about an Australia in the not too distant future. The story is about a young woman called Oblivia Ethylene who does not speak and whose story begins when she was found living in a tree. Taken in by a climate migrant Bella Donna, Oblivia lives on a swamp inside a rusted out hull in the middle of a military-run Aboriginal camp in Australia's far north, and they are visited often by the overbearing Harbour Master.
A photo I took a while back of black swans on Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra
However, as time passes, it becomes clear that Oblivia is not a reliable narrator, and her life actually began before she was found in a tree. We learn that Oblivia was gang raped, outcast from her family and deeply traumatised by the experience. Oblivia forms a deep connection with swans that come to Swamp Lake, later renamed Swan Lake, inspired by Bella Donna's own love for the white swans of her homeland. After Bella Donna dies, Oblivia is visited by the newly sworn-in first Aboriginal President of Australia, Warren Finch who informs her that she is his promised bride. As Oblivia is forced to follow him to the Southern cities, she is in turn followed by the ghosts of her past and confronted by new ghosts in her future.
This is a deeply rich and complex novel that tackles a number of issues through a unique perspective such as trauma, the Intervention and climate change. I was struck by how many of the issues and predictions Wright made seem even more pressing now, only 7 years after publication. Oblivia is a fascinating character who appears both more aware and more naive than she first seems. Wright is a natural storyteller with a patient style, slowly unfurling each new piece of information and examining it from several perspectives before laying it down carefully before you. Nothing is rushed in this novel, yet at the end I found myself still unsure about so many elements of the plot. How much was real, how much was Oblivia's fantasy, and how much was something in between? I'm still not certain what happened to the Genies or to Warren Finch, and whether Oblivia saw herself on TV or an impostor.
I absolutely must comment though on the narration of this book. Jacqui Katona was a superb narrator who captured the spirit of the novel completely. She has a soft, slightly cracked voice that reminds me of dust picked up by a desert wind. I loved listening to Katona speak in language, and she had a great knack for capturing the voices of the different characters, the matter-of-factness of the narration generally and even singing refrains from some of the songs referenced in the book.
Although Katona brought this book to life, I did at times find it a bit challenging to listen to. It's no secret to anyone who has met me that I'm not the best at processing what I hear, but I did find this book at times maybe a little complex to concentrate on while I was also trying to count reps at the gym. Although Wright revisits pieces of the story several times, I did at times find myself asking whether a certain part was supposed to be ambiguous, or whether I had just missed something while I was trying to set the speed on the cross-trainer.
A captivating, intricate and extremely relevant book that Katona impeccably narrates.
Filed under Audiobooks, Book Reviews, General Fiction, Science Fiction
Tagged as aboriginal and torres strait islander, alexis wright, australian women writers challenge, book reviews, books, jacqui katona, speculative fiction, the swan book
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Output Context Node (full path) in XSLT 1.0? For debugging purposes it would be handy to output the full path of the context node from within a template, is there unabbreviated xpath or function to report this ?
Example Template:
<xsl:template match="@first">

                <xsl:value-of select="??WHAT TO PUT IN HERE??"/>

</xsl:template>

Example (Abridged) input document:
<people>
<person>
<name first="alan">
...

The output from the template would be something like:
people / person / name / @first

Or something similar.

A: This transformation produces an XPath expression for the wanted node:
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
 xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 <xsl:output method="text"/>
 <xsl:strip-space elements="*"/>

    <xsl:template match="/">
        <xsl:variable name="vNode" select=
        "/*/*[2]/*/@first"/>
        <xsl:apply-templates select="$vNode" mode="path"/>
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template match="*" mode="path">
        <xsl:value-of select="concat('/',name())"/>
        <xsl:variable name="vnumPrecSiblings" select=
        "count(preceding-sibling::*[name()=name(current())])"/>
        <xsl:variable name="vnumFollSiblings" select=
        "count(following-sibling::*[name()=name(current())])"/>
        <xsl:if test="$vnumPrecSiblings or $vnumFollSiblings">
            <xsl:value-of select=
            "concat('[', $vnumPrecSiblings +1, ']')"/>
        </xsl:if>
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template match="@*" mode="path">
     <xsl:apply-templates select="ancestor::*" mode="path"/>
     <xsl:value-of select="concat('/@', name())"/>
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

when applied on the following XML document:
<people>
 <person>
  <name first="betty" last="jones"/>
 </person>
 <person>
  <name first="alan" last="smith"/>
 </person>
</people>

the wanted, correct result is produced:
/people/person[2]/name/@first

A: Here's a stylesheet (of dubious value) that prints the path to every element and attribute in a document:
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    <xsl:output method="text" />
    <xsl:strip-space elements="*" />
    <xsl:template match="*">
        <xsl:param name="pathToHere" select="''" />
        <xsl:variable name="precSiblings"
            select="count(preceding-sibling::*[name()=name(current())])" />
        <xsl:variable name="follSiblings"
            select="count(following-sibling::*[name()=name(current())])" />
        <xsl:variable name="fullPath"
            select="concat($pathToHere, '/', name(),
                substring(concat('[', $precSiblings + 1, ']'),
                    1 div ($follSiblings or $precSiblings)))" />
        <xsl:value-of select="concat($fullPath, '
')" />
        <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|*">
            <xsl:with-param name="pathToHere" select="$fullPath" />
        </xsl:apply-templates>
    </xsl:template>
    <xsl:template match="@*">
        <xsl:param name="pathToHere" select="''" />
        <xsl:value-of select="concat($pathToHere, '/@', name(),  '
')" />
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

When applied to this input:
<people>
    <person>
        <name first="betty" last="jones" />
    </person>
    <person>
        <name first="alan" last="smith" />
    </person>
    <singleElement />
</people>

Produces:
/people
/people/person[1]
/people/person[1]/name
/people/person[1]/name/@first
/people/person[1]/name/@last
/people/person[2]
/people/person[2]/name
/people/person[2]/name/@first
/people/person[2]/name/@last
/people/singleElement

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Puerto Maldonado, capital of the Southern jungle is the gateway to fascinating protected natural areas in the southern Peruvian Amazon rainforest, featuring an extraordinary diversity of wild species of flora and fauna. Its main attraction is, of course, the legendary Amazon basin, and getting there should be on top of your list of places to visit in Peru. The many lodges surrounding the Jungle City of Puerto Maldonado, located on the edge of the Reserva Nacional Tambopata make exploring the Amazon a truly comfortable adventure. Undoubtedly the reserve is one of the best places to discover the Amazon, offering one of the highest levels of biological diversity in the world (632 species of birds, 169 mammals and 1200 butterflies). Another attraction is the rock formations found on the river banks. Hundreds of birds (macaws, falcons and parrots) gather on the rocks offering a spectacular sight of color and sound, particularly between 5:30 am and 9:00 am. Tambopata is also the home of the Ese Eja, an ethnic group that has lived in the area since ancient times and knows every inch of the reserve. The latter community works together with private companies to offer diverse activities and tourism services including lodging and guided tours, among others. The project has been considered a global success, thanks to the cooperation between the community and a private company to offer a beneficial eco-tourism product.
The warm year round temperatures of the Amazon let you plan your trip to Puerto Maldonado with ease and on any schedule. So whether winding down the Amazon on a river boat or spending the afternoon spread out on a hammock amongst the bustling Jungle, you are sure to have a memorable visit to Puerto Maldonado.


text:
Discover the latest on IARPA in the news, and explore upcoming opportunities. Sort through IARPA news articles, upcoming events, showcase items, and press releases using the filter box below. For additional information, please contact IARPA Public Affairs by clicking 'learn more' in the Media Inquiries box below.
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IARPA Announces BBN ACCENT Release to the Research Community
WASHINGTON – The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency, within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, today announced the public release of the Accurate Even...
IARPA Announces the Multi-View Stereo 3D Mapping Challenge
WASHINGTON – The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, announced that today marks the launch of the Multi-Vi...
JEDI MIND Wins IARPA's INSTINCT Challenge
WASHINGTON – The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), announced today the winner of its firs...
IARPA Launches "INSTINCT" Data Analysis Challenge
The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), announced today that it is launching its first chal...
IARPA Launches New Research Program to Significantly Improve Adaptive Reasoning and Problem-Solving
The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), announced today that it has embarked on a multi-yea...
IARPA Launches New Research Program to Increase Understanding of How the Human Brain Interprets Concepts
DNI Clapper Names New IARPA Director
Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper announced today that he has selected Dr. Peter Highnam to be the second director of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects A...
IARPA Launches New Program to Enable the Rapid Discovery of Emerging Technical Capabilities
WASHINGTON – The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), announced today that it has embarked o...
IARPA Announces New Research Program
Washington, D.C. – The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), announced today a new research p...
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text:
Screengrab from BigHit Entertainment
BTS' V Lands Record For Surpassing 90 Million YouTube Views In Shortest Time With "Singularity" Music Video
By Yann | May 17, 2019
BTS' V takes home a new record with the continuing success of "Singularity".
The comeback trailer "Singularity" by BTS' V for Love Yourself: Tear has racked up over 90 million YouTube views already.
After approximately 370 days upon its release, "Singularity" clinched the record for the fastest BTS solo song to surpass the 90 million mark in terms of views on YouTube.
This new achievement adds to the list of the song's feats, which also includes garnering 10 million views within 15 hours – the shortest period for any comeback trailer from the group to do so. Overall, it is the third fastest BTS music video to surpass the 10 million count. It places behind the group's previous tracks "DNA" and "Mic Drop (Remix)".
READ: BTS' V Haunts Fans In Comeback Trailer For "Love Yourself: Tear"
It also holds the record of highest views within 24 hours for all of the group's comeback trailers, listing a total of 12.4 million views on the day it was released.
Additionally, "Singularity" had recently re-entered YouTube's Top 500 Charts, which lists videos with the most views in the last 24 hours. It is the first solo song from BTS to do so, and it even rose to the 68th spot in the video streaming site's top 100 list in May 2019.
READ: BTS' V Hits 100 Million Streams In Record Time With "Scenery"
The track, released on May 2018, had already marked its first anniversary which fans excitedly celebrated. It showcases Kim Taehyung, better known as V, with his deep and soulful voice, complemented by the video's brooding aesthetics and contemporary interpretative dance-inspired choreography.
Related ItemsBIGHIT EntertainmentBTSbts vbts v singularity
← Previous Story MONSTA X Reveals Which Image And Type Of Song They Would Like To Try Next As A Group
Next Story → EXO's Baekhyun Launches YouTube Channel With A Vlog Showing His Regular Day
BTS To Return To "The Late Late Show With James Corden" And Perform "Black Swan" For The First Time
K-pop: More Than A Social Media Trend?
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text:
Q: Can we set a timeout for the Eclipse function hint list? is it possible to set a timeout for the Eclipse function hint list?
Waiting for the full function list to load simply pisses me off...:(

A: First, you can trigger the content assist immediately by hitting Ctrl-Space.
Second, you can set the delay under Window->Preferences->Java->Editor->Content Assist->Auto-Activation. Non-Java editors may have separate settings. You can type search terms on top of the prefence window to see all related settings.

A: I would like to add on this by pointing out that I was facing the same kind of issue in Eclipse Mars Version 4.5.0 M1.
I got this error :

I managed to solve it by disabling the following setting "Code Recommenders proposals" from Window\preferences\Java\Editor\Content Assist\Advanced
Disable it from both Default proposal kind and Content cycling . Restart eclipse , and the error is gone.
I don't know why this happens, or what the addon does. Maybe someone can elaborate on it.


text:
Pile Up is a compilation album by American queercore band Pansy Division, released on February 16, 1995, by Lookout! Records. The album compiles various singles, b-sides, cover songs and compilation appearances recorded between 1992 and 1995.

Allmusic gave the album a rating of 3 out of 5 stars, praising it as "some of the best of the Pansies, with a slew of covers and their best harmonies and tightest playing to date", though noted the "danger of becoming a one-joke band".

Track listing

Previous availability
Track 1 appeared on the Outpunk Dance Party CD compilation (1994)
Track 2 appeared on the A Slice of Lemon CD compilation (1995)
Tracks 3, 6 and 12 were from the Nine Inch Males E.P. 7-inch (1993)
Track 4 appeared on the "Stop Homophobia" split 7-inch (1994)
Tracks 8 and 12 comprise the "Bill & Ted's Homosexual Adventure" 7-inch (1993)
Tracks 9 and 10 comprise the "Jack U Off" 7-inch (1994)
Track 11 was the A-side of the "Jackson" 7-inch (1994)
Tracks 13 and 17 are from the "Touch My Joe Camel" 7-inch (1993)
Tracks 18 and 20 were B-sides on the "Fem in a Black Leather Jacket" 7-inch (1992)

Personnel
Pansy Division
Jon Ginoli – vocals, guitars
Chris Freeman – vocals, basses, lead guitars on tracks 12 and 14

Additional musicians
Calvin Johnson – vocals on track 11
Chris Bowe – bass on track 16
Liam Hart – drums on tracks 1, 2, 5, 7, 9-11
Patrick Hawley – drums on tracks 8, 12, 16–18, 20
David Ayer – drums on tracks 3, 4, 6, 14
David Ward – drums on tracks 13, 19

References

1995 albums
Pansy Division albums
Lookout! Records albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Sharon Pierce McCullough
Email the Artist:
Artist's Website: http://www.SharonPierceMcCullough.com
Sharon Pierce McCullough is an abstract painter and a narrative sculptor. Her paintings reflect meaning relative to self, relationships and choices one makes in life. Her sculptures, reflective of her love of simplicity, make use of ordinary and recycled materials to create unique, organic pieces of art. An underlying thread of "fun" has always permeated her works.
McCullough's sculptures combine the use of cement, clay or plaster to cover armatures, both large and small, constructed from steel, rebar, wire or cardboard. Her early, definitive style continues in her sculptures with a minimalism obtained using only ordinary materials, including colorful glass combined with cement. It has been noted that many of her animal sculptures are reminiscent of Cycladic sculptures. There is a spontaneity to her work as she explores the relationship of positive and negative space, color and form.
McCullough's original artwork has been collected and displayed in private homes, businesses, children's hospitals and public buildings across the country. In addition, she is a published Children's Book author/ illustrator.
WSG Call for Entries
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Archived Exhibitions NEW
Join The Washington Sculptors Group
Submit Your Images to the Member Gallery
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©2020 Washington Sculptors Group, all rights reserved.


text:
The Fun Has Begun
By Gilbert N. Kahn	February 2, 2016, 12:00 am Edit
Gilbert N. Kahn is a professor of Political Science at Kean University.
The problem with the Iowa Caucus is that now the candidates, pollsters, and analysts actually have to deal with the voters who have messed everything up. All the prognostications, predictions, and money are down the drain and as the people now have gotten in the way. Everyone is now forced to spin for votes.
What Iowa demonstrated is that Hillary may well be campaigning very hard at least until Super Tuesday. She will have all the money she needs but if she wants to secure the election she needs to avoid being smashed totally in New Hampshire and then start cleaning up in Nevada and South Carolina. Failing that, Sanders could take her neck and neck to the convention. He will let his fans keep driving home that he represents someone to be trusted and it could force Hillary to get dirty. If Hillary does not hit her stride very soon she again will be seen as a loser. The Democratic Party may well then begin to consider looking for a savior to defeat an exciting Sanders campaign which cannot get elected in November.
Trump must win big in New Hampshire or else he will demonstrate that polls, bravado, and noise do not necessarily mean votes. Sarah Palin did not give his campaign a bump in Iowa and his absence from the final debate was not viewed favorably according to some exit (entry) polls. The man who never loses has got to win or even he may well start to squirm.
Ted Cruz had his night but that was not totally unexpected. He now needs to take his style and his message to many people who are far more negative on him than his evangelical base in Iowa. Undoubtedly he and Trump will start messing it up and both will gang up on Rubio, who in many ways was the Republican surprise winner last night, despite coming in third. If Cruz exceeds expectations significantly in New Hampshire, the Republican establishment indeed may develop a massive case of indigestion.
Rubio's strong showing over the last week or so was very impressive. This strength will now bring in much more money as well as endorsements from the establishment while forcing many of the also-rans out after New Hampshire. If he comes in ahead of Cruz in New Hampshire he will be truly stirring the pot as all three head to South Carolina and then Super Tuesday on March 1.
The New Hampshire voters will have a Democratic Town Hall meeting to attend or watch on Wednesday night and a Republican Debate on Saturday night before Super Bowl Sunday. The election game, however, already has begun.
Kahntentions


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Véra Belmont's "Marquise" is a lavish costume dramedy set in 17th century France. It has been remastered and is now presented in a new 2K digital restoration, Film Movement Classics on Blu Ray. Marquise (Sophie Marceau) is a beautiful street dancer who was both famous and notorious with seventeenth century aristocratic elite under the stage name Mademoiselle Du Parc. When the playwright Molière (Bernard Giraudeau) and his theatre troupe come to town, Marquise mesmerizes the men, and joins the troupe. She marries Gros René (Patrick Timsit) and becomes a favorite of King Louis XIV, but it is not until Marquise becomes the mistress of rival playwright Racine that she finally realizes her ambition to become a great actress.
As Marquise, Sophie Marceau dazzles and captivates. She is both a coquette and a delicate beauty. She is not the only one; the entire cast is excellent. Marquise was born into poverty and is a promiscuous young woman who uses her beauty and dancing to earn a living. She mesmerizes men and especially Moliere's lead actor, nicknamed Gros René, (Patrick Timsit), who falls in love with her and asks for her hand in marriage. She agrees to marry him on the condition that she join the group to become an actress. Gros René is deeply in love with her and even accepts her on-going infidelities, until she meets Jean Racine (Lambert Wilson) while his company is performing for King Louis XIV and his court. Even though she is flirtatious in manner, Marquise has honor and integrity in her heart. Following Racine's coaching, Marquise's acting talents improve dramatically, and she is at last able to perform as the leading dramatic role in his play Andromaque.
The screenplay is witty and intelligent and the sets are gorgeous. The film catches the sprit of the 17th century with all of its lustiness, passion and frivolity. Marquise is casual morally but virtuous in spirit. She is a femme fatale and an enchantress. Patrick Timsit is excellent as Gros René, Marquise's loyal and faithful husband. He is a true sad clown and Lambert Wilson is enigmatic as Racine. The entire cast is top notch, the production design excellent and the cinematography beguiling. The cinematography is excellent and fun, especially the intriguing shot of naked female 'derrières' poised for action in a dingy latrine. Vera Belmont invests passion and energy in this fun film which delicately balances comedy and tragedy.
"Marquise is a masterful entertainment on a grand scale, an intelligent and fascinating insight into 17th century French society, a period of aristocratic excesses, coupled with the development of French theatre." It was the era of Moliere and Racine, a time when the monarchy was at its peak; the French Revolution was a hundred years away.
This entry was posted in Film on February 13, 2019 by Amos.


Data Link is a voluntary scheme for anyone living at home, who might be reassured to know that essential information would be readily available to the Emergency Services, should they suffer an accident or sudden illness. The scheme ensures that vital information is available not only to identify you, but also to advise of relevant illnesses, allergies, medication and contact addresses.
Data link is a scheme where your details (eg what you are allergic to, blood group, current medication, your doctor and carers and more) are stored in a clearly labelled plastic container kept in your fridge.
Two matching labels, known to the Emergency Services and other care agencies are displayed in your house, one on the outside of your fridge door and the other on the inside of your front door. In a crisis the Emergency Services can save valuable minutes by always being able to find this information in the same place.


GREAT RECREATIONAL PARCEL WITH CATTLE BREEDING OR FATTENING.
Lockup garage with skillion Murrumbidgee Access licence with 2 megs plus Stock and domestic. Excellent fencing. 4 paddocks.
Has been running 30 to 50 head of cattle. Excellent fattening block.


Current Temp 57° F. Forecast accurate as of 11:30 AM MDT on April 24, 2019 at 4827 feet above sea level. Total predicted snowfall in next 4 days is 0".
The charts below shows past snowfall recorded this year near Bozeman, MT for the last few years. Tap on a box to learn what each color or symbol means. To see more years, view this page on a wider screen. Please send us feedback on this!


elite strom's philosophy is to create ideal conditions for qualitative, healthy and ecological solutions on the vital sleeping need.
elite strom manufactures anatomic mattresses of innovative technology, has ISO 9002 – 2008 quality certification along with certification of ecological products for the series of mattresses produced (ECOLABEL). With respect to the environment and the consumer it chooses the best natural and hygienic raw materials.
Additionally,elite strom trades as the sole representative of Tempur. The Swedish company has won global distinction for its products (orthopedic mattresses, pillows and specialized accessories). The company since its commencement until today is committed to three principles: quality, solutions to particular customer needs and excellent service before and after purchase. It is intended to develop healthy, long-term partnerships in major cities with professionals oriented – before and after purchase – to integrated customer service, quality of services rendered elements which improve the sales and profitability of the investment. The development of a nationwide branch network constitutes our expectation. The company is looking for independent entrepreneurs (aged 30-50 years) who wish to hold and operate their own business in Greece, according to a successful system.
elite strom currently operates 26 stores in total; from these the 21 are corporate ones and by penetrating to franchise model it estimates that within five years will be activated in all major Greek cities through the franchise network.
Wide range of mattresses of exceptional quality and durability, 5-year warranty.
Bedroom Accessories (bedside tables, chest of drawers, etc.).
We expect enthusiasm and will for work by people who love what they do and believe in good customer service. Their inclusion in a franchise system is derived from a conscious choice to be a business member of a verified and successful chain. They should properly and methodically apply the expertise and the franchisee services.
The franchisee's success essentially depends on their will and capabilities. Without successful franchisees there is not a successful franchise. We expect to enhance your own store, based on your particular personality. Diversifying your own store from the competition is very significant factor conducive to its success.
The brand of elite strom is already a warranty towards this direction. Your own skills, though, will provide your own store the unique service, the loyal customer, who is satisfied by the proper "value for money", is looking for. We expect to become a creative link of network that will assist in rapid and successful development for the benefit of all.
An investment starts from 90,000 euros and includes the cost of establishing and tidying –up of a 150sq.m store along with its computerized equipment and original merchandise. The minimum staff of 2 persons is important for a store to operate comfortably maintaining, though, low operating costs.
The dimensions of an elite strom store assist significantly in maintaining a lower cost. As expected, a store of 150 square meters has low renting due to fact that there is not needed to be in a highly commercial market, but on a great road easily accessed. Furthermore, it is easy to operate by the same franchisee.
by experienced professionals in administering retail operation, committed to values of high customer satisfaction.
Initial and continuing education, technical sales seminars, instruction manuals and ongoing information regarding the product.
The efficiency of a marketing plan or an advertising campaign is getting significantly increased under a unified form. The current advertising cost is already too elevated, if not prohibitive for separate stores and is expected to grow steadily. Nevertheless, the competition requires the disclosure of the existence of a new business. For this reason, elite strom requires no advertising fee from the new partner, but the annual compulsory expense of 3% of his/her Retail sales in local advertising.
Central or semi-central position (min 150 sq.m), large storefront window or windows, at least 12m. The space should ideally be squared without obstacles.
After signing the contract it takes about 60 days for the store to be prepared and the franchisee to be trained. In exceptional cases it can be extended to 90 days.
The prospective franchisee of our chain is not acquired to have special knowledge or experience for joining the Elite strom family. Evidently, any level of higher education, training seminars and language skills would be very useful for evaluating any of his/her business or social activity.
We believe that this information helped you to meet some of your initial queries. We remain at your disposal to help you make a successful integrated "elite strom". concept.
1. What is the basic provided training?
During his/her basic training, the franchisee will develop skills in the following fields: consumer handling, awareness of store operation, knowledge of product, placement of goods, displays, packing, computerization. Our goal is the licensee, by completing his training, to entirely operate his/her store. The period of time required to complete the initial training is min 3 weeks. By the end of the initial training a manual is provided containing all the details learned in that time.
2. How does a new store start operating?
The franchisee approves the store space. It directs the person concerned to open a store in a district attractive both for him/her and for the proper network development. Having been experienced in market prices he/she can also advise him/her on pricing or store rental. It may also suggest alternatives for the completion of construction, with extensive experience in development of corporate network.
3. Is there a special guide helping the Franchise network in the daily store operation?
There's an operating manual, which is comprehensively referred to each stage of an Elite strom store operation and organization.
4. Can I buy from another source?
No! elite strom provides through its stores products bearing its brand name, additionally to goods of firms it collaborates with.


text:
Q: How to remove a git repository from a directory without deleting anything from it? I accidently initialized my Desktop directory as a local git repository using git init, how can I undeclare it to a normal directory without deleting any items in the same.

A: Git uses a .git directory to store the repository history and its meta data - from any directory Git tries to find a .git directory above the current directory (by default it stops at mount points) to determine whether the current directory is a working tree.
Just remove the .git directory on your desktop (the directory might be hidden as it starts with a dot; you can list it in a console using ls -la and remove it using rm -rf .git).

A: In that case go to you command line
change your directory to the directory which you initialized git
Now if you do
ls -la

You will be able to see .git folder which is the main thing to keep track of your git project. To remove this you can use the following command
rm -rf .git


Our RSS feed for comments seems to be suffering from a glitch. The comments are coming through via Google Reader but not for other aggregators, eg, Mozilla Thunderbird, or those built into web browsers.
I found a few rogue characters and deleted them. That seems to have fixed the problem. Let me know if you're still experiencing problems.