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Last Updated: June 25, 2019 by Virginia Combs
Legislative Update 2019-05-27 | AB 392
On the afternoon of May 23, Assembly Bill 392, Assembly Member Weber's use of force bill, was amended to remove many of its features which were objectionable to law enforcement. As a result of those amendments, a number of law enforcement organizations have shifted their position on that bill from "oppose" to "neutral." The groups who have changed their position include PORAC, the California Police Chiefs Association, the Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs, the California State Sheriffs Association, and the Los Angeles Police Protective League.
The bill is now backed by the Senate President Pro Tempore Toni Atkins, Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, as well as Governor Gavin Newsom.
The language of the bill continues to direct officers to "use deadly force only when necessary in defense of human life." The bill also directs officers, "when possible," to use techniques to de-escalate the situation before using their firearm. The language "when possible" represents a distinct change. The original version of AB 392 explicitly required officers to exhaust nonlethal alternatives before resorting to deadly force.
Changes in AB 392
As further amended, the bill no longer defines what would constitute a "necessary" use of force (previously, AB 392 defined "necessary" as being where there is "no reasonable alternative" to use of force). Instead, the bill now provides that the actions of both the officer and the suspect would be considered in court in determining whether a shooting is justified.
Previously, the bill defined what constituted "necessary" circumstances and provided that the court would determine the actions of only the officer in determining whether a shooting was justified. Under the current version of the bill, the issue of whether the use of deadly force was "necessary" will now be left to the courts on a case-by-case basis.
Under this revised version, officers are not required to retreat or back down in the face of a suspect's resistance. Additionally, officers will continue to have their right to self-defense if they use "objectively reasonable force."
The amended version of AB 392 also strips out the specific requirement of attempting de-escalation before using deadly force. The courts are allowed to consider actions leading up to a fatal shooting, but both the conduct of the officer and the suspects must now be considered.
The bill does retain language that expands the scope of investigations around lethal incidents. Current law permits only the moment of deadly force to be used in considering whether an officer acted legally. Under AB 392 the "totality of circumstances" would be examined, which includes actions the officer took leading up to the use of deadly force. There is a slight amendment to this provision: what will provide that the actions of the suspect, as well as the officer, are to be considered in evaluating the totality of circumstance.
The impact of the totality of circumstance standard could change how officers are disciplined and trained. It could even allow officers to be prosecuted based on their conduct leading up to a lethal event. Removed from the bill, however, is a section that held officers liable in cases of criminal negligence resulting in a death.
Other Voices on AB 392
Robert Weisberg, professor of criminal law at Stanford University, characterized the amended bill as being "a middle ground" between the parties. Professor Weisberg also indicated that he suspects the new "necessary" standard to be a difficult standard for the courts. Since the "necessary" standard represents largely untested legal waters, it can be expected to be a challenging standard for officers and for police agencies in training standards, as well.
Although AB 392 would constitute significant changes in California use of force law, Delaware and Tennessee go further than the California proposal because they include a requirement that police exhaust other alternatives before using force. And Washington state law calls for police to de-escalate situations. None of those concepts are articulated in AB 392.
Thursday's amended AB 392 also includes SB 230 by Senator Caballero, which sets new statewide "best practices" and training for use of force standards. This bill is supported by the Law Enforcement community and is supported by CCUPCA
Proponents of the original AB 392 continue to tout the major changes that will be effectuated under the bill. Further, Governor Newsom, now a supporter of AB 392, has said that AB 392 "is an important bill that will help restore community trust in our criminal justice system."
Interesting, however, are the comments by Ed Obayashi, a use of force consultant to law enforcement agencies and a Plumas County Deputy Sheriff: "This is so watered down," he said. "The language is virtually synonymous with current constitutional standards for use of force. It really is a distinction without a legal difference."
Category: Legislative Updates
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Food Waste Index: Food (Waste) For Thought
by Dakshana Indumathi | Jun 13, 2021
Here's some "food for thought" for you. Imagine sitting amidst 62 lakhs of the world's heaviest mammal, the blue whale. The sheer size of it makes one's jaws drop. The figure is equivalent to the amount of food waste generated by consumers around the world in a year. Surprised?
It has been estimated that 9 million people die every year due to hunger-related issues and a child loses its life every 10 seconds due to malnutrition and hunger. If you're wondering why, the answer is quite simple. People do have access to sufficient and nutritious food, but the amount of food waste generated is almost 1/3rd of the global food production. The morsel of food that ends up in your dustbin every other day could save 9 million lives. Moreover, the waste which eventually reaches one of the thousands of landfills in the world produces 3.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) greenhouse gases (GHG). These GHGs cause climate change that affects our food production and agriculture. And one day, we might not have enough to eat, let alone "waste".
The grave concern around food waste affecting the food security of the people and the multi-faceted benefits from reducing waste has to be recognized. There is a need to create visibility to Goal 12 of Sustainable Development Goals – 2030, "ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns" which includes the target of reducing food waste. As a part of the journey in understanding food waste, the first-ever Food Waste Index Report 2021 has been released by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), to account for SDG 12.3 and measure the achievements towards attaining the goal.
Understanding the Food Waste Index
Findings of the Food Waste Index Report 2021
India's status in the domain of Food Waste
Recommendations to reduce Food Waste in India:
Mapping and Measurement of Food Waste
National & State Level Policy Initiatives
Household and Community Level Initiatives
As per the FAO and UNEP, 'food waste' refers to those food substances which are processed or intended for human consumption but are removed from the retail/consumption food supply chain – by retailers, food service providers, and households and end up in landfills to add to the solid waste generated. It is not to be confused with food loss, which has its focus on the loss in the production stages in the food chain unlike the focus on consumption stages by food waste.
The SDG 12.3 captures the aspect of food waste and food loss. The target SDG 12.3 states that, "by 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses". Despite being recognized by the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the numerous impacts food waste has on the economic, social, and environmental aspects have not been explored or are widely overlooked.
The domino effects of the seemingly harmless morsel of food that ends up in our waste bins regularly, based on a study from UN Food and Agriculture Organization's Food Wastage Footprint, are shared below:
The direct monetary/financial cost to the economy due to the food wasted and lost in the world is approximately USD 1 trillion every year. This is greater than the aggregated net worth of the world's top 5 wealthiest people.
Environmentally, food waste is responsible for generating 3.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) greenhouse gases. In addition, the production process of these foods causes water and soil pollution. All the environmental impacts have a market value of around USD 700 billion per year.
Food wastage also creates a shortage in the supply of food and causes food prices to increase. The increased price, combined with the created food shortage due to wastage, results in nutritional deficiencies (health issues) and hunger in low-income countries. The social cost of food wastage amounts to over USD 900 billion per year.
The understanding of food waste and the implementation of robust mechanisms to reduce it can go a long way in creating a sustainable world. The Food Waste Index is the lead undertaken by the UNEP as an initiative towards the commitment to reducing food waste across levels. The quantification of food waste, across nations, can promote efficient use of resources and create better waste management mechanisms for positive impact on climate change and food security.
A three-level measurement methodology was adopted to provide us with accurate and insightful data, given the limited data available on food waste. The first step was to extrapolate existing data from the countries to provide preliminary estimates of food waste. The next stage was the primary data collection, based on a framework formulated by the UNEP. The strategy behind establishing national-level studies in countries was to create a consistent methodology and provide policymakers with a quantification mechanism. Finally, supplementary materials with secondary data and waste prevention strategies were sourced from multiple sources.
Through the extensive modeling framework adopted, the Food Waste Index Report provides us with insights into the proportion of food waste generated by households, foodservice outlets, and retailers. As per the estimate, based on 2019 data, around 931 million tonnes, equivalent to 17% of the total global food production, is the amount of food waste generated in the world. The estimates determined by the Food Waste Index also showcase the significant underestimation of the scale of food waste in the previous estimation efforts undertaken.
Furthermore, the report also debunked some of the popular narratives of food waste generation. The divergence was noted in the notion of greater consumer food waste in developed countries versus the food losses in production and transportation in developing countries. Household food waste generation was found to be similar across countries, irrespective of the income group they belong to. This finding is vital to understanding the issue at hand by the countries and undertake relevant targeted strategies to tackle food waste generation.
The report also highlights the low data availability for food waste and has also formulated a framework for its measurement. The transition towards a 'global measurement approach' for food waste can help increase the visibility of the food waste issue at hand and promote discussions on achieving SDG 12.3. Moreover, it would also aid in ensuring data compatibility and consistency to undertake comparison studies across nations. The UNEP also seeks to utilize the UNSD Questionnaire on Environment Statistics (Waste Section) for future reports on Food Waste.
India is one of the largest agricultural producers in the world. Parallelly, India has ranked 94th with a score of 27.2 denoting severe hunger by the Global Hunger Index 2020. It is high time to question why people in India die out of hunger and suffer from severe undernourishment when it is one of the world's largest agricultural producers. According to the estimates of the 2021 Food Waste Index Report, in India, around 50 kg of food is wasted per person in a year from households. In total, the food waste generated from households is approximately 68.7 million tonnes every year. The estimates are computed through the identified data points with "medium confidence", or to simply put, the estimation has sufficient prediction accuracy.
Only three studies were identified in the country conducted in Dehradun and Rajam (Andhra Pradesh) and these studies are not without their own problems of the study area and sample size. Such a scenario highlights the data gap at the national level making it hard to understand the state-wise variations in food waste. The NITI Aayog has initiated publishing an annual report "SDG India Index" for measuring the SDGs across states. Unfortunately, food waste (SDG 12.3) is not one of the indicators under the India Index.
At the international stage, India is one of the largest regional actors in the Asia-Pacific Region and one of the fastest-growing economies. Moreover, it houses a large share of the global population which could be translated as a greater proportion of end-users and households, in a single geographical area. Let us look at how India performs in comparison to some of its counterparts from around the world.
India is the second-largest generator of household food waste in the world, trailing closely behind China which generates 91 million tonnes of food waste annually. The average estimates for the South Asian Region are determined by estimates from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Out of the 4 countries, India has the lowest per capita household food waste generated but the presence of a large population nullifies the effect of the low per capita food waste. The first Food Waste Index provides us with only very limited nation-specific insights due to a lack of data availability. But India can work and strive to emerge as a front runner in Asia and set an example for other developing countries.
The National Food Waste Data Generation: The lack of national data collection processes to measure food waste adds to the woes in understanding the magnitude of the issue at hand. Hence, the starting point to capturing the issue of food waste in India is the identification and generation of required data by both the State and Union Governments in India to fill the gaps in regional and national data availability.
Inclusion of Target 12.3 in SDG India Index: Adding the target of SDG 12.3 to the "SDG Index of India" can aid in this process of bridging data gaps and creating visibility to the magnitude of the issue at hand. Also, the recognition of best practices on food waste reduction measures from across the country could be shared with a larger audience and stakeholders.
Livestock Feed Sourcing: One's trash is another's treasure and this applies to food waste. Food waste can be utilized as feed for animals such as pigs. Respective State Governments can identify possible rearing facilities where food waste could be sent to or transferred to be utilized as feed rather than being dumped in landfills.
Construction of composting in Large Halls/Restaurants: The government can mandate the construction of composting and biogas generation plants in large banquet halls and restaurants. By mandating this, two objectives can be achieved – one, reduction in the food waste being dumped in landfills, and the possibility of monetizing the biogas produced for cooking/heating purposes and reducing the dependence on non-renewable energy sources.
Consumer Awareness Programmes & Campaigns: Households generate over 60% of the total food waste generated in the country. Campaigns utilizing infographics and awareness-creating content must be undertaken by the government. It can also introduce a Food Waste Clock, showing real-time data on food waste in all government websites and offices. Apart from creating awareness, initiatives to reduce food waste at household levels must also be communicated through the program. Alongside, the steps should be undertaken to provide consumers with the details of labeling of food products such as the "best before" and "expiry" dates and their meanings clearly.
Legislative Targets for Corporates and Retailers: An upper cap for the amount of waste generated could be formulated for large retailers and hospitality services. An incentivization scheme for lower food waste generation could induce the firms to reduce the waste generated in the foodservice and retail sector. Moreover, CSR investments in the management of food waste can be promoted among industries, by governmental organizations.
A Guidance Tool Kit: In an effort to create a difference, a tool kit, with strategies, programs, and activities to prevent and reduce food waste could be compiled for reference. The strategies could be based on measurable and tried-and-tested methods from other countries.
Every individual's effort counts in making a visible change and moving towards the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals. By incorporating new simple changes in our everyday life we can make an impact.
Understand what expiry and manufacturing mean before throwing out food (especially food grains and pulses).
By separating food waste from other wastes, we can undertake composting or donate it to nearby animal shelters.
Food redistributions can be promoted within our circles, to prevent wastage of food in medium or large-scale events.
Take smaller servings for meals and go for refills if needed. The untouched food can be packed and the leftovers can be shared with others or can be served in the next meal.
"Food Waste" is a very pressing issue at hand. We have to recognize the scale of the multifaceted impacts of food waste – the strain on waste management systems, greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, and its impact on food security. All countries have, almost equally contributed to the global food waste and have greater stakes in reducing the food waste issue, irrespective of income levels. One of the major contributors to help achieve the reduction is households or consumers who are responsible for generating over 60% of the food wastes. Every one of us has a role to play by making the right choices in our consumption behaviors. We can either remain in the status quo of a world filled with hunger, climate change, and resource depletion or strive towards changing our behaviour to achieve the SDG 12.3. The choice is ours to make.
Also read: CAN INDIA'S 1st TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY DESK TURN THE TABLE AROUND?

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Sustainability transitions are not easy. They are disruptive, by nature. So, when you try to accelerate them, regardless how noble your intentions, it puts a target on your back. People like things the way they are, even when it is not good for them. That is why there are particles of plastic in ninety percent of some of world's popular brands of bottled water and why more and more people are feeling the wrath of extreme weather events.
Skepticism protects us from scammers at the door, but it also enables the status quo to cling to life.
I have been part of accelerating sustainability transitions at a community level for many years – in areas like waste and water management, natural heritage protection, urban form and local energy. It takes several attempts, from multiple directions, to have an impact. First attempts are rarely successful. It often takes a second or a third or a fourth pass at making change even a small change. Sometimes, it is hard to connect the dots between your efforts and outcomes. Much of the hard work goes unseen, by many. One day, we fill wetlands, then we don't, but there are scores of unsung heroes behind such achievements.
So, big congratulations to the community members who comprise Our Energy Guelph for moving community energy planning in Guelph to the next phase. Their updated plan was resoundingly approved by Guelph City Council. What a difference a few years makes.
A little over a decade ago, a similar group of community leaders came together to change Guelph's energy future. While Our Energy Guelph has a much catchier name, both groups of visionaries have shared an equal measure of passion for building a green and resilient energy future. If the planning is hard, implementation is wickedly challenging, so I wish them well.
With so many local governments engaged in community energy planning across Canada today, each contributing to a growing Canadian legacy, we better positioned than ever to achieve our vision thanks to the hundreds of people who are leading change. While there are always a few gnarly holdouts, most people can no longer deny the energy transition underway.
Now, we can turn our attention to ensuring the benefits are equitably shared within our communities.


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Claim for non-pecuniary damages, suffered by legal entities
With amendments to the Measures and Actions during the State of Emergency Declared with a Decision of the National Assembly from 13 March 2020 and Overcoming the Consequences Act an extended term of validity is provided for Bulgarian identity documents, including for citizens of the EU and foreigners
С изменения в Закона за мерките и действията по време на извънредното положение, обявено с решение на Народното събрание от 13 март 2020 г. и за преодоляване на последиците е предвиден удължен срок на валидност на документи за самоличност, включително на граждани на ЕС и чужденци
The Bulgarian Parliament adopted changes to the Law on Obligations and Contracts introducing an absolute limitation period for debts of natural persons
Народното събрание прие изменения в Закона за задълженията и договорите, с които се въвежда абсолютна погасителна давност за парични задължения на физически лица
Personal Data Controllers and Processors
Администратори и обработващи на лични данни
Bulgarian investment immigration program
The opportunity for legal entities to claim compensation for non-pecuniary damages successfully, under the Bulgarian Obligations and Contracts Act (OCA), has not been subject of discussion for a long time (over 50 years). The jurisprudence and court practice unanimously held the position that non-pecuniary damages constitute physical and psychic pain and suffering, which are inherent only to natural persons. Therefore a claim for non-pecuniary damages, suffered by legal entities, was considered inadmissible.
The liability for non-pecuniary damages is regulated in art. 52 of the OCA. The legal provision stipulates that the compensation in such case shall be determined by the court on an equitable basis. The criterion to determine the compensation is introduced by the legislator and it is further developed by the Supreme Court (SC) and after that by the Supreme Court of Cassation (SCC), in the interpretative acts for unification of the court practice, by clarifying the circumstances, which shall be taken into account by the court when applying the equity criterion when resolving each specific legal dispute (Decree No 4 from 23.12.1968 of the Plenum of the SC for summarizing the practice on determining the compensations for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damages arising from torts).
The provision of art. 52 of the OCA is applicable for realizing the liability not only for torts, but also for breach of contract. In Interpretative decision No 4 from 29.01.2013 on interpretative case No4/2012, the General meeting of the civil and commercial division of the SCC accepted, that the public provider – energy enterprise is liable on contractual ground when it has discontinued the electric power supply of a consumer in violation of the general terms and conditions of the contract. Its contractual liability in this case includes also the possibility for awarding a compensation for non-pecuniary damages, insofar they are a direct and imminent consequence of the breach and they could have been foreseen when the obligation arose and when the debtor has not acted in good faith, the compensation shall cover all direct and imminent non-pecuniary damages.
When the non-pecuniary damages are suffered as a result of a tort, the compensation includes all damages, which are direct and imminent consequence of the tort. The liability for the non-pecuniary damages again follows the scope of the pecuniary damages subject to compensation, whereas the liability for torts is distinguished by its severity and all established direct and imminent damages are subject to compensation, not only the foreseeable ones as in the case of the contractual liability.
The OCA does not provide for any limitation concerning the subject – natural person or legal entity, but considering the character of the non-pecuniary damages, the court practice under art. 52 of the OCA has until recently excluded the possibility for legal entities to suffer damages in the form of pain and suffering. The courts held the position that the legal sphere of the legal entity, and especially the one of the commercial company, is comprised exclusively of pecuniary rights; such are also the rights related to the commercial reputation and the trademarks.
In 2013, for the first time, the SCC accepted a claim for non-pecuniary damages, suffered by legal entities, as admissible (court order in private civil case 6155/2013, II civil division of the SCC). Subsequently – for the purpose of updating the court practice and its harmonization with the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, the SCC refer to affirmation of the adopted position and to abandonment of the view, defended for more than half a century, that such a claim is inadmissible. The Bulgarian courts started to acknowledge the right of legal entities to a compensation for non-pecuniary damages with arguments, drawn from the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECPHRFF) and the decisions of the European Court on Human Rights. The latter consistently acknowledges the non-pecuniary rights of legal entities and awards compensations for suffered non-pecuniary damages in case of violated rights, e.g. – the right of freedom of practicing religion, right of a fair judicial trial in reasonable terms, protection from discrimination and freedom of assembly and association.
In decision No 274 from 18.03.2019 on civil case No 5120/2017, IV civil division of the SCC it is accepted, that the undermining to the authority of a religion by inflicting insulting or defamatory statements in mass media constitutes a violation of a protectable right, the offence against which does not have a monetary value therefore the caused non-pecuniary damages are subject of compensation.
In decision No 206 from 26.03.2019 on civil case No 4762/2017, III civil division of the SCC again upheld the view, that a claim for non-pecuniary damages, suffered by legal entities is admissible. In the decision, which is also binding practice for the courts, the SCC accepted that legal entities suffer moral damages and can claim, respectively be awarded compensation for the same. The right is acknowledged in favour of all legal entities – commercial companies, NPOs, religious institutions etc. The quoted decision is signed with reserved opinion by the reporting judge, who presented detailed arguments why he does not accept the view of the majority in the court formation. Arguments are set out in favour of the long-upheld understanding that the legal entities do not have physical health and psychics, nor they experience pain and suffering. It is stated that the legislation acknowledges an independent legal personality to the legal entities, with regard to different goals, for instance to exercise government authority, to participate in commerce, to achieve economic goals, to achieve certain non-profit purpose for public or private interest, to practice a certain religion independently from the Bulgarian state, to form and express the political will. Through listing the groups of purposes, the judge has reached the conclusion, that the legal personality of each legal entity fundamentally excludes the possibility for it to suffer non-pecuniary damages. For this reason he has concluded, that the compensatory function of the awarded compensation in case of an acknowledged claim for non-pecuniary damages, brought by a legal entity, is unfeasible with regard to the latter.
In the reserved opinion there is also an analysis of the provision of art. 41 of the ECPHRFF. The possible contradiction between the Bulgarian OCA and the Convention is also discussed. In accordance with the quoted provision if the ECHR establishes a violation of the Convention and the Protocols to it and if the internal legislation of the respective High Contracting Party allows only a partial compensation, the ECHR, if necessary, shall award fair satisfaction of the affected party. As a result from the analysis the judge has reached the conclusion that the compensation is not related to the internal legal procedures of the state – party to the Convention – and it is possible the internal legislation of a specific state not to acknowledge such a possibility. Thus, the lack of collision between the OCA and the Convention has been motivated, as well as the lack of necessity for change in the established court practice until there is no new and explicit material legal provision, constituting the grounds for such a claim.
In summary, an undisputed positive answer cannot be given to the question whether it is possible, under the Bulgarian law to bring a claim for non-pecuniary damages, suffered by a legal entity, due to the contradicting statements of the judges in the SCC and the scarce court practice. Regardless that there is no contradictory court decisions form different divisions in the SCC, the interpretative decision can be used as instrument for overcoming the different opinions on the matter.
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text:
Непрямо́й або́рт — термин, используемый в католической теологии в отношении абортивной практики, которая носит терапевтический характер и целью которой, предположительно, является спасение жизни беременной женщины.
Исследователи «Национального католического обозрения» (National Catholic Review) и AmericanCatholic.org проводят различение между «прямым абортом», то есть абортом, который является самоцелью или средством, и «непрямым абортом», в результате которого потеря плода рассматривается в качестве «вторичного следствия».

Например, если женщина страдает от внематочной беременности (когда плод развивается в её фаллопиевых трубах, а не в матке), то врач может удалить фаллопиеву трубу в качестве терапевтического лечения, целью которого является предотвращение смерти матери. В результате этого действия плод не проживет долго, однако интенция процедуры и действия — это сохранение жизни женщины. Таким образом, это действие не является прямым абортом.

Необходимое различение проводится между случаями, когда жизнь беременной женщины «находится в опасности», с одной стороны, и случаями, когда женщина скорее всего умрёт без процедуры, в результате которой плод будет случайно уничтожен. Однако это не означает, что католики считают, что прямой аборт, даже если его целью является спасение жизни беременной женщины, является приемлемым.

Humanae Vitae
Подобный подход поддерживается в энциклике Humanae vitae (1968 год), в которой утверждается, что «Церковь при этом совершенно не считает незаконным применение терапевтических средств, необходимых для излечения болезней организма, даже если они могут привести к бесплодию. Такое лечение позволено даже и в том случае, когда предвидено уменьшение плодотворности, пока бесплодие непосредственно не предназначено по любой причине что бы то ни было». Папа Павел VI цитирует здесь обращение Папы Пия XII к Итальянской ассоциации урологии (1953 год).

Отличие от терапевтического аборта
Согласно перуанскому архиепископу , непрямой аборт отличается от терапевтического аборта. Эгурен утверждает, что непрямой аборт представляет собой экстраординарный моральный случай, который не имеет ничего общего с «терапевтическим абортом»; согласно католическому вероучению понятие «терапевтического аборта» просто не существует, так как аборт не является лекарством ни для чего.

Возможная путаница с прямым абортом
Согласно Элио Сгречча, президенту Папской академии в защиту жизни, большинство показаний для подобного аборта утеряли свою raison d'être. Он также заявил, что прогрессивное расширение подобных показаний часто было вызвано политическими, а не медицинскими причинами, некоторые из которых имеют отношение к евгеническому движению.

Часто показаниями к аборту называют туберкулез, кардиопатию, васкулярные заболевания, заболевания системы кроветворения (некоторые формы анемии), заболевания почек, заболевания печени и поджелудочной железы, желудочно-кишечные заболевания, связанная с беременностью хорея, миастения, опухоли.

Однако, тщательные исследования каждого из них показывают, что медицинские основания этих показаний очень ограничены, а также, что случаи, когда остается реальная опасность жизни и/или здоровью беременной женщины ввиду отсутствия терапевтической альтернативы, находятся в прогрессирующем нисходящем тренде (то есть в очевидной тенденции понижения).

Ангольская речь Папы Бенедикта XVI
Позднее Папа Бенедикт XVI произнес во время своего визита в Анголу речь, вызвавшую немалое количество споров. В ней несколько размывались различия между прямым и непрямым типом абортов. Понтифик осудил все виды абортов, даже те, которые, как казалось, носят терапевтический характер. Папский совет по связям с общественностью в этой связи заявил, что речь Папы была направлена в поддержку учения Церкви и против некоторых гендерно-ориентированных секций «протокола Мапуту», дополняющего Африканскую хартию прав человека и народов; также было подтверждено различие между прямым и непрямым абортом.

Примечания

Литература
 Paul VI. Humanae Vitae. Vatican, July 25, 1968
 «Аборт» — секция на сайте римско-католического прихода «Непорочного Зачатия Девы Марии» (г. Хабаровск)

Католическая церковь и аборт

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Is it easy to motivate yourself to do things?
Some days, it's easy to motivate yourself to do the right things. You hop out of bed and take the day by storm. Other days, you'd do anything to crawl back into your covers, roll up into a ball, and try again tomorrow. And with the craziness of our world lately, the second scenario is likely playing out more often. However, no matter how you feel, there are ways to push through any slump.
First, understand that feelings will fluctuate. They may come down after an exciting day, but then rise when nothing seems to be going your way. Don't let this discourage you from trying again tomorrow. Second, take care of yourself physically and mentally. Exercise, get enough sleep, and eat well; these things will help you stay focused and less likely to fall off the wagon.
Finally, find something you really want—something that is important to you—and work toward achieving it. Maybe you've been wanting to run a marathon, so sign up for one. Or maybe you just need to finish writing that novel you've been thinking about for years. No matter what it is, find something that inspires you and go for it!
In conclusion, motivation is feeling excited about what you have to do.
What motivates you to get up and go to work each day?
What can demotivate you?
How can I motivate myself every day?
What motivates us to do good?
How do I get motivated to live my life?
How can I get motivated today?
The three genuine motivations that drive us to work hard every day Our urge to govern our own life is referred to as autonomy. In a nutshell, "You're probably looking for something exciting to do; let me get out of your way!" Mastery: Our desire to get better at something. Purpose: The belief that we can make a difference in the world. These are all very human drives that help us thrive.
The thing about motivation is that it can quickly fade if not properly managed. If you don't take time out of your busy schedule to reflect on why you're motivated to keep going, then you could soon find yourself lacking reasons to stay focused on your goals.
So how do you keep your motivation high when trying to reach a big goal? By thinking about what would motivate someone else!
It's easy to think only about ourselves when it comes to motivation, but who we look to as examples really does have an impact on how we feel about ourselves and our abilities. If someone else can do something we can too - even if that person is just some random guy or girl on the internet - then they must be able to achieve their dreams too!
We need others to push us to be better. Without other people's feedback, we wouldn't know where we stand with respect to our goals. We should also use the information they give us to decide whether or not to continue working toward them.
Now, let's look at the top seven reasons why you're unmotivated:
You Are Working Without Purpose.
Your Lack of Motivation Stems From Fear.
You're Doing Things for the Wrong Reasons.
You Take on Too Much and Are Overwhelmed.
You May Be Dealing with Symptoms of a Mental Illness.
Your Goals Are Too Big.
You're Engaging in Self-Sabotage.
How to Motivate Yourself on a Daily Basis:
Pray for motivation and time management!
Define your goals clearly.
Look for inspiration.
Celebrate little accomplishments!
Start somewhere and say "no" to perfectionism.
Break big "to-do" lists into smaller ones.
Make a list and prioritize!
20th of September, 2012 will be remembered as the day the people of Brazil went to the polls and voted on whether they wanted a new president Or not. After weeks of intense campaigning from some of the country's most famous faces (and a few who aren't so famous but still deserve credit for their efforts), it was down to this: Fernando Haddad for PT vs Jair Bolsonaro for PSL.
For those who don't know, Haddad was the candidate of the left-wing Workers' Party (PT) while Bolsonaro was the candidate of the right-wing Social Liberal Movement (MSL). Not only were these two men going up against each other, but they were also both standing in front of large crowds every week during the campaign season. It was really an intense battle between two very different philosophies on what should be done with power.
As you might expect, Bolsonaro won the election — by a lot. He received 55% of the vote to Haddad's 29%.
Tips for Getting and Staying Motivated
Get out of bed and out of pajamas. The simple act of getting up is a good first victory of the day.
Go for a walk.
Get your hands dirty to get a mood lift.
Don't overschedule.
Avoid negativity.
Stick to a routine.
Socialize.
Create a support network.
Get Off Your Buttocks: 8 Ways to Motivate Yourself When You're Stuck
One Goal. Whenever I've been in a slump, I've discovered that it's often because I have too much going on in my life.
Find inspiration.
Get excited.
Build anticipation.
Post your goal.
Commit publicly.
Think about it daily.
Get support.
Robert Kelly is a lifestyle and professional development expert. He loves to help people understand their true potential, and how they can get there through lifestyle choices. Rob's passion is to help people live their best life through developing their mind, body and soul.
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text:
City buildings to go dark tonight for Earth Hour
Jessica AndersonBaltimore Sun
It's lights out in Baltimore today.
The city, as well as Annapolis and 3,500 other municipalities around the world, will be turning off their lights for 60 minutes tonight in observance of Earth Hour, an effort to reduce energy use.
Mayor Stephanie C. Rawlings-Blake is encouraging residents to turn off lights and appliances from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.
Seven municipal buildings, including City Hall, will go dark.
The city, struggling to overcome a $120 million deficit, is seeing some lower energy bills, but using electricity is "still a significant cost for city government," said the mayor's spokesman, Ryan O'Doherty.
This is the second year that the city is participating.
Besides city-owned buildings, several other downtown landmarks will go dark, including the neon Domino Sugars Sign, Pier 3 and the main building of the National Aquarium at Baltimore.
Officials at the University of Maryland, the Constellation and Rusty Scupper restaurant are also dimming their lights.
Earth Hour is "a symbolic event," said Dan Forman, spokesman with World Wildlife Fund, which sponsors the light-dimming. "It's about the long-term changes that we can reaffirm in the hour."
He said 80 million Americans participated last year; this year, municipalities in all 50 states are going dark.
Maryland and 32 other states have passed Earth Hour resolutions.
Shaun Adamec, a spokesman for Gov. Martin O'Malley, said Government House, the governor's residence in Annapolis, along with the State House dome will darken tonight.
Forman said the event is designed to remind people to save energy, not just for an hour, but over the long haul.
"It's about the small things people can do - the easy things everyone can do - to shift their daily life," Forman said.


text:
McClendon named NPGA's Distinguished Service Award recipient
June 10, 2015	By Kevin Yanik
Daryl McClendon, who started his career in the propane industry 50 years ago, received the National Propane Gas Association's (NPGA) Distinguished Service Award. NPGA named McClendon the recipient at Propane Days, the association's annual lobbying event in Washington, D.C.
McClendon accepted the award with his family present and after an introduction from Barrett Propane's Malcolm Barrett, who chaired NPGA's Distinguished Service Award Committee.
"When Malcolm first notified me that I was the recipient, I went to the [NPGA] directory to see the list of past recipients," McClendon says. "I look at it every year when the directory comes out. I am honored to have had a chance to get to know or meet many of them. These are men I've admired and respected my whole career. To be included with them is quite special."
McClendon, who is currently retired, spent significant time with Pargas and Suburban Propane during his career. He started with Pacific Gas & Electric, a northern California company, in 1965. McClendon also operated his own consulting business during two separate periods.
Among recent recipients of the Distinguished Service Award are Charles Revere (2014), Gene Bissell (2011) and Michael Gorham (2009).
This article is tagged with awards, Barrett's Propane, Daryl McClendon, Distinguished Service Award, Malcolm Barrett, national propane gas association, NPGA, pargas, people, Propane Days, suburban propane and posted in News
PERC selects residential, commercial business development head
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About the Author: Kevin Yanik
Kevin Yanik is the senior editor of LP Gas Magazine. Contact him at kyanik@northcoastmedia.net or 216-706-3724.
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Daryl McClendon says:
Thanks for the very nice article.


This page notes details of De-Synchro (Spell Card/Normal) : decks, tips, effect and rulings. Learn and enjoy playing Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links!
Target 1 Synchro Monster on the field; return that target to the Extra Deck, then, if all of the monsters that were used for the Synchro Summon of that monster are in your Graveyard, you can Special Summon all of them.
The duelist challenges made me realize this card has quite some really interesting potential.
Nice little meme combo card with Junk Destroyer / Mist Wurm to resummon them and reactivate their field clearing effect. Shame it's a dead card most of the time though.
Does this work against your opponents synchros? Card text states "target 1 synchro monster on the field" but it doesnt clarify on yours. And also since it says material monsters should be on "your" graveyard, your oppenent cant special summon his materials back, right?
Other than that, if the materials cannot be summoned, then yes, it would be a glitch.
Keep in mind that regardless of whose card you target with De-Synchro or De-Fusion, it checks YOUR Graveyard for the materials.
They also need to be able to Summon ALL of the materials used. So if you used a card that can't be revived, one left the Graveyard, you used one owned by the opponent, etc., you won't Summon anything.
We should get a Urgent Tuning instead of this.
The potential this card has with Azure Eyes is intriguing. Activate this spell on your azure eyes to special summon a blue eyes and a tuner to then synchro summon another one to get that protection again. There could be a cool combo with this.
It's because of Synchro climbing.
You can use any Synchro as Synchro Materials, so if this was a Quick-Play or Trap, you can climb into a bigger Synchro, attack with it, then De-Synchro it into the big Synchro you use as material, and then attack directly.
Hence why they made this card as a normal Spell instead.


text:
Game #68 Preview: Spurs @ Mavs
By quincyscott Mar 18, 2011, 3:53am CDT
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Oh Maverick, why do I hate thee so? Looking objectively over this intense set of feelings I harbor about you, I have to admit that this animosity is not entirely... rational. Maybe making a little list and examining each entry can help me enter a more enlightened place when it comes to the Mavs. Clarify some things. Won't you join me? This may be good for both of us.
The Ex-Girlfriend
So there may be something to this. It was the late eighties. I loved the Spurs, she loved the Mavs. For a brief time, we loved each other. Sure, it's been decades now and I should probably let this go. Is there a part of me that feels that extra thrill of gladness whenever her team loses? Is there a little voice somewhere in the back of my mind that says, "OK, you moved on from me. But your team has never moved on to a championship"? Yes. Yes there is. Am I proud of this? No. No I'm not.
Maybe the Mavericks' logo is just so fun to look down upon with derision. This is probably just going overboard. Sure, light royal blue and spring green are not the manliest of colors next to black and silver. But, really, I just should not indulge in the childish fantasy of digging my big bad spurs into that tame, whimpering horse. Not when the horse is already this cute and cuddly:
Game seven. Manu hitting the big potential game-winner, then fouling Dirk. Avery Johnson. Some painful twists and turns in that series, no doubt. But that was five years ago. The Mavs went on to make Dwayne Wade look like a champion. We still lead the Mavs in titles, 4 - 0. Dallas is still the only Texas team without a title. Come on, psyche, let's put this baby to rest, shall we?
The City of Dallas
San Antonio will probably say Dallas is a big, arrogant place of McMansions, plastic surgery, costume jewelry, and loud-mouthed car salesman and oil tycoons. Dallas will probably say San Antonio is just jealous. I guess it's all about perspective.
OK, now I think we're getting somewhere. Dirk Nowitzki. I have to double check how to spell his name every time I type it, and I think this may be indicative of some deep-seated hostility. Great shooter. Solid rebounder. Runs like a robot. Flops on every shot, whether or not there is a defender anywhere in his vicinity. Defensively... did I mention what a great shooter he is? Let's just say I am not a fan, and move on.
Paper Airplane
Why do I let Jason Terry bother me? He has hit some big shots in his career. Perhaps these big shots have never quite been consummate with his big mouth, but I really should look past that. Whatever a player needs to get motivated, right? Self, don't be a hater.
Speaking of childish behavior, there is this guy. Cuban is... well, Cuban is hard for me to look past, I have to admit. But I should be the adult here, and take a more mature approach to the guy. Maybe Mark would have been better off in a simpler time or place. I could see young MC growing up in a tribal culture, away from the encroaching distractions of the modern world. A natural place, a sacred place. When the strapping MC stepped into manhood, he would have done so consciously, perhaps undergoing an ornate and arduous ceremony, then going off on his own to live off the land and choose a name. Fierce Stallion. He would leave the tribe a child, but return a man. Alas, our big little Mark lives in the time of dot-coms, reality television dance shows, Rogaine, and Twitter. Things could have been so different, MC.
To sum it all up, I think it really is me, not you, Maverick. I've got some issues, OK? I hope this doesn't mean that we can't still be respectful and polite. You've got your dreams of glory, as do we all. Best of luck to you tonight, big fella.
Phew, I feel a lot better. On to the game!
So I thought I would place some music here. Never tried this before, but here goes:
If just one person got something from that video, I'm happy. The song is "Horses," my tribute to the Mavs. If you aren't familiar with Patti Smith, that's a shame. She is kind of the Godmother of punk, a double reverse David Bowie, and she is still an incredible musician, poet and performer, thirty-five years after this video was shot. Artistry and longevity, you can coexist.
OK Spurs fans, let's do this!
San Antonio Spurs @ Dallas Mavericks
Where: American Airlines Center
When: March 18, 7:30 PM Spurs Time - Timezone Converter
Watch: FoxSW
(6th) 103.3
(3rd) 45.1
Away 23 10
PF: Antonio McDyess
DeJuan Blair
Record 3rd 2nd
PG: Jason Kidd
SG: Rodrigue Beaubois
SF: Corey Brewer
C: Tyson Chandler
Shawn Marion
Jason Terry
JJ Barea
PG: Parker needs to dominate Fisher. Kidd just keeps playing, at a high level and with a lot of fire. Parker is having, in my opinion, his best season ever.
SG: Beaubois has been back for a short time, and the Mavs are still working to incorporate him into their lineup.Looks like he's doing pretty well. Manu is Manu.
SF: Brewer started the other night, but only played five minutes. Perhaps Marion starts in his place? Nod goes to Jefferson.
PF: Nowitzki looks like he is back to his old self. Tim is still searching for some offensive consistency, but anchors the defense. Come on, Timmy!
C: Chandler has been great for the Mavs this season, bringing a lot of things they can use come playoff time. The Spurs center position is a bit enigmatic right now, with the lineup change. I think things shake out well long term, but right now the Spurs are figuring things out.
Although our bench has been a strength this season, it is in a bit of a slump right now. On paper we have superior depth. But our boys have to play. Matty, George: I'm talking to you.
Rick Carlisle is a solid coach. Pop is still the master.
It's Spurs and Mavs. Lot's of rivalry here, plus we ended their season last year. Should be fun.
The Mavericks are 6-4 over their past ten games, and the losses have been close. I'd say they are feeling pretty good about themselves. The Spurs are unhappy with recent trends and looking to recharge and build towards a playoff run. Does that start tonight?
Think I'm going to predict against the black-clad visitors? Think again.
Key 1 - Shooting.
Key 2 - Defense.
Key 3 - Rebounding.
48 Minutes of Hell - Find out all about THE GAME over here.
Project Spurs - Some great fan enthusiasm.
Spurs Nation - Lots of excellent reporting on all things Spurs.
Mavs Moneyball (SB Nation) - Excellent writing by our Dallas neighbors.
Fox Southwest
Please don't post links to illegal game feeds in the game thread. Links to illegal feeds are not permitted on SBNation, but you can probably find them out there on the internets if you're resourceful and desperate. You can also shoot an email to poundingtherockmail@yahoo.com(IMPORTANT: Please include your PtR username in the email for reference) for further assistance.


376 mm x 308 mm. © Photo: Prudence Cuming Associates Limited.
One of a pair of scenes by William Hogarth showing the moment before and after a man and woman make love. The engravings reproduce (in reverse) paintings by Hogarth (c.1730-1) now in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
Hogarth was drawing on a formula common to French genre scenes of the period. To this he added, in Einberg's words, 'a brutal realism that looked beneath the fashionable veneer', which Hogarth emphasised even more in the engravings than the paintings, making them 'even more sexually explicit and suggestive of violence'.


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– Notification of return of goods must be lodged, in writing, within 3 working days of the delivery date.
– Non standard and non-stocked goods which have been specifically purchased on behalf of a purchaser are non-returnable.
All damages/shortages must be reported to United Industrial Supplies Ltd within 3 working days, from date of receipt.
For any queries please contact our Customer Care team on 01383 729814.


text:
A new algorithm increases the efficiency of quantum computers
Photo: Mikko Raskinen
Quantum computing is taking a new leap forward due to research that has proposed a scheme to reduce the number of calculations needed to read out data stored in the state of a quantum processor. This will make quantum computers more efficient, faster, and ultimately more sustainable.
Quantum computers have the potential to solve important problems that are beyond reach even for the most powerful supercomputers, but they require an entirely new way of programming and creating algorithms. Universities and major tech companies are spearheading research on how to develop these new algorithms.
In a recent collaboration between the University of Helsinki, Aalto University, the University of Turku, and IBM Research Europe-Zurich, a team of researchers developed a new method to speed up calculations on quantum computers. The results were published in the prestigious journal PRX Quantum of the American Physical Society.
'Unlike classical computers, which use bits to store ones and zeros, information is stored in the qubits of a quantum processor in the form of a quantum state, or a wavefunction,' says postdoctoral researcher Guillermo García-Pérez from the University of Helsinki, first author of the paper. Therefore, special procedures are required to read out data from quantum computers.
'The quantum state used is, in fact, generally impossible to reconstruct on conventional computers, so useful insights must be extracted by performing specific observations (which quantum physicists refer to as measurements),' says García-Pérez.
The problem with this is the large number of measurements required for many popular applications of quantum computers (for example, the Variational Quantum Eigensolver, which can be used to overcome important limitations in chemistry research, such as in drug discovery). The number of calculations required is known to grow very quickly with the size of the system being simulated, even if only partial information is needed. This makes the process hard to scale up, slowing down the computation and consuming a lot of computational resources.
The method proposed by García-Pérez and co-authors uses a generalized class of quantum measurements that are adapted throughout the calculation in order to extract the information stored in the quantum state efficiently. This drastically reduces the number of iterations, and therefore the time and computational cost, needed to obtain high-precision simulations.
Matteo Rossi, a postdoctoral researcher at Aalto, says that simulations on quantum computers have so far used straightforward measurements known as Pauli measurements. 'Our work uses more general quantum measurements, which can be adjusted. The main challenge that we address is how to optimize these measurements efficiently, given that the best measurement depends on the state one is measuring, which is unknown beforehand. We solved the problem with an adaptive strategy,' he explains.
The method can reuse previous measurement outcomes and adjust its own settings. Subsequent runs are increasingly accurate, and the collected data can be reused again and again to calculate other properties of the system without additional costs.
'We make the most out of every sample by combining all data produced. At the same time, we fine-tune the measurement to produce highly accurate estimates of the quantity under study, such as the energy of a molecule of interest. Putting these ingredients together, we can decrease the expected runtime by several orders of magnitude,' says García-Pérez.
phy120821_02
Labels: Physics, Technology


text:
var express = require('express');
var path = require('path');
var favicon = require('serve-favicon');
var logger = require('morgan');
var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');

var routes = require('./routes/index');
//var settings = require('./routes/settings');
//var params = require('./routes/params');
//var customers = require('./routes/customers');

var app = express();

//var cnf = require('./config');

// view engine setup
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
app.set('view engine', 'jade');

// uncomment after placing your favicon in /public
app.use(favicon(path.join(__dirname, 'public', 'favicon.ico')));
   if (app.get('env') == 'development') {
        app.use(logger('dev'));
    }

app.use('/settings', function (req, res, next) {
  console.log('Time:', Date.now(),' Request Type:', req.method, ' req: ', req.originalUrl);
  next();
});

app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));

app.use('/', routes);
app.use('/index', routes);

app.use(function(req, res, next) {
  var err = new Error('Not Found');
  err.status = 404;
  next(err);
});

if (app.get('env') === 'development') {
  app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
    res.status(err.status || 500);
    res.render('error', {
      message: err.message,
      error: err
    });
  });
}

app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
  res.status(err.status || 500);
  res.render('error', {
    message: err.message,
    error: {}
  });
});

module.exports = app;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The fiery trials that come against my children are meant to burn the ropes that bind them and set my children free. May they stand in fearless confidence with steadfast patience and endurance so they may fully accomplish the will of God and receive what is promised!
This entry was posted on October 31, 2018. It was filed under Uncategorized.


Tulipan Display – fresh, colorful and refined, excellent for love cards, branding and packaging. Language support, titling alternates and 59 ornaments that gives a versatile and functional design.
Tulipan Broken – features little cuts in each glyph, i.e. Broken effect. Perfect for printing over color background or texturized paper for unique lettering designs. Stylistics alternatives, discretionary, and standard ligatures, oldstyle figures, language support, titling alternates, small caps and 59 ornaments.
Tulipan Rough – definitely our favourite concept, a genuine vintage and retro addict which patinated, age-worn effects are the best for designs with 50s, 60s and 70s look. Language support, cath words, 77 ornaments and free samples patterns!


Back to Healthy Twitter Party with Litehouse Foods!
August is in full swing and we couldn't be happier about that. However, if it's now August, that means September is (gulp) next month.
So to slowly ease ourselves back into routine and embrace the arrival of Autumn, we have a Twitter Party schedule with Litehouse! Litehouse has tons of products, including those tasty dressings, dips and herbs you find in the refrigerated section of your grocery store, not to mention the OPA by Litehouse line of dressings which are made with thick Greek yogurt.
To be eligible to win, you must RSVP (below) and tweet at once (original tweet, RT's do not count) during the party with #BackToHealthy hashtag. Open to all Canadian residents (excluding Quebec). The winners will be announced throughout the party and be asked to contact Food Bloggers of Canada by Direct Message on Twitter. All the party rules can be found here.
I can't wait for the party.
I don't buy a lot of dressing, but I actually like their's!
Thank you!! We are huge fans of Litehouse products!!
I RSVP'ed, looking forward to the upcoming party on Tuesday!! Happy Sunday all.
I am looking forward to the #BacktoHealthy twitter party! See you there!
I can't wait for the party on Tuesday!!! Looking for some great healthy tips!
Looking forward to some foodie Fall fun!
Hi Jason, that was an omission on our part. The rules have been updated and unfortunately, QC residents are not eligible.
Should be a fun time. Great way to usher in Fall.
Can't wait to hear more about these interesting products!
Would be nice to try some of the Litehouse products.
Love Litehouse Foods! Looking forward to #backtohealthy!
i need to revamp my spice collection. i hope we can learn some stuff about how to use them properly too.
Look forward to tonight's healthy chat!
Looking forward to the party and to hearing more about your products.
Gonna be a great party!
Love the litehouse freeze dried herbs!
Awesome products. Use them all the time!