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Asia Pacific Civil Society Topical
Toolkit for a Successful Movement: Digital Tools in Taiwan's Sunflower Movement
In 2014, hundreds of thousands took to the streets of Taipei to protest the Cross-Strait Services Agreement—a free trade agreement between Taiwan and Beijing—believing it would give the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) too much political and economic control over the island. The protesters wielded social media and the internet to communicate, inform and mobilize. These tools did not work in a vacuum, however, and understanding their interactions with conventional media and offline associations becomes crucial. This paper demonstrates how, through one-way and interactive communications, the participants of the Sunflower Movement used digital tools to realize their demands.
Post author By Zareen T. Khan
Zareen T. Khan is a prospective Master of Arts candidate at George Washington's Elliott School of International Affairs. She previously completed her Bachelors in Political Science from Suffolk University. Her research interests include the intersection of politics and the media in the Asia-Pacific.
In March 2014, hundreds of thousands took to the streets of Taipei to protest the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement (CSSTA). These protesters wielded social media and other internet resources to communicate, inform, and mobilize; overturning simplistic conventional media narratives overnight.
Nearly four decades earlier, during Taiwan's democracy movement, prevailing against media monopolization by the Kuomintang (KMT) had been unthinkable. Opposition politicians were often seduced away by the ruling party offering "attractive [alternatives] to challenging the system…in the pages of the underground press."[1] Meanwhile, protests were locally confined, with activists finding their communication with counterparts in other regions—let alone the Taiwanese diasporas abroad and international community—stifled.[2]
Instead of Facebook shares and instant messaging, organizers were mobilized using underground publications and clandestine meetings in smoke-filled university basements…flyers and posters, not tweets, were how most people ended up hearing about any upcoming protests.[3]
Social media and the internet have now produced a new toolkit for a successful movement in which protesters from other cities can be mobilized and even international audiences can stage protests in solidarity from their home countries. This paper will demonstrate how, through one-way and interactive communication, the participants of the Sunflower Movement used digital tools to realize their demands.
The CSSTA was a free trade agreement arranged by Beijing and Taipei in 2013. While it had come under pressure for the allegedly secretive nature of its negotiations, proponents argued that it would simply formalize existing trade practices and increase Taiwanese GDP.[4]
In March 2014, the KMT had a majority in the Legislative Yuan—Taiwan's parliament—and signaled that they would use this advantage to pass the agreement without a clause-by-clause review; reneging on their original promise.
In opposition, a few hundred protesters occupied parliament. Eventually, they were thrown out, bruised and bloodied. Pictures of their treatment went viral and became the catalyst for a protest many orders of magnitude greater. A month-long conflict ended with Legislative Speaker Wang Jin Pyng accepting the protesters' demands.[5]
Source: AsiaNews.it. The movement got its name from the sunflowers that organizers encouraged the protesters to bring to demonstrations, symbolizing hope for democracy in Taiwan.
Why did the CSSTA garner such concern? Protesters worried about the "impact that greater Chinese penetration in Taiwan's economy would have on the island's small- and medium-sized businesses, media culture, and freedom of expression."[6]The agreement would open sixty-four sectors of the Taiwanese economy—including the service sector, accounting for nearly 70% of the island's GDP—and eighty sectors of China's. However, Taiwanese feared they would be affected asymmetrically due to their smaller economy. Ultimately, the protesters desired greater transparency in the negotiation and passage of the CSSTA—for example, a clause by clause review—and any future cross-strait agreements.
Use of social media and the internet have been linked to multiple protests worldwide, from the Arab Spring to Occupy Wall Street. Some argue that by allowing "citizens to voice their opinions, organize social movements, and promote events," digital tools have amplified political participation.[7] However, the efficacy and longevity derived from social media and the internet are still being debated.
Efficacy of Social Media and the Internet in Mass Movements
Some argue that such tools bring certain subsections of the population—younger individuals, in particular—"closer to the political process."[8] Civic and political participation is enhanced through news such as political and campaign information.[9] Others contend that social media and the internet "[encourage] citizens to remain isolated in front of their computer screens," and that digital media "are mainly consumed as entertainment, which results in less time and energy for citizens to devote themselves to social activities."[10] In political terms, this reflects the participation versus apathy debate.
Ultimately, "the internet remains no more than an instrument."[11] Digital tools are "not directly connected to social [movements] or political participation," but are just that: tools.[12] They do not replace offline participation, but rather complement real-world events.[13] For example, when "a noticeable public event [fails to draw] the attention of citizens, people mainly just use the Internet for emailing, instant messaging, shopping, online gaming, downloading files, chatting, searching for information, [or] maintaining personal networks."[14] Conversely, a coordinated effort such as the Sunflower Movement can use social media and the internet to amplify the voices of participants. It is a tool wielded for change but is not itself the catalyst for change.
Longevity of Social Media and Internet-Driven Movements
Despite access to invaluable tools that help political movements, the will to fight must come from the people: "The fast-changing Internet domain cannot exert a long-lasting influence on young citizens' enthusiasm for and engagement in politics," writes Chang, as the internet is "event-driven."[15] Recent movements have been triggered by singular incidents, such as the attempt to pass the CSSTA in Taiwan's Sunflower Movement and election interference by Beijing in the recent Hong Kong protests. While these movements can grow larger and incorporate more demands, growth is often tied to a central purpose. Movements are not generally sustained after achieving their objectives.
In one explanation of this, individuals from many subsets of the population come together for one cause, but their other political ideas and inclinations may not be in sync. This was illuminated during the Sunflower Movement by the divergent reasons that individuals held for opposing the CSSTA.[16] Sustaining a singular political voice with such differences of opinion proved too complicated after achieving the original objective.
On the policy front, there is an argument that to "prolong the influence of the Internet on" movements, the government must "facilitate [democracy via] online discussions of public affairs."[17] The current reality remains, however, that once objectives are fulfilled, movements disperse, as happened with the Sunflower Movement.
From their laptops, smartphones, and tablets, the protesters of the Sunflower Movement used social media and the internet to ensure results. Their usage can be understood as belonging to two categories: one-way and interactive. It is the combination of both that yields a toolkit for a successful movement.
One-way platforms allow information to be disseminated and responded to without the original content being altered. Interactive applications allow greater interaction and the ability to change original content. Messaging and teleconferencing platforms would fall under the one-way category, while collaborative applications such as Google Docs would be considered interactive. The dividing line is not always clear-cut, and the same application can be used in multiple different ways. Facebook, which occupies its own category in this study, is the strongest example of such cross applicability.
Figure 1. Selection of Applications by Category.
Livestreams. Livestreaming was originally done ad hoc via phone or tablet, by individuals using websites such as UStream. Eventually, a group named g0v took over. Launched in 2012, g0v, a group promoting government transparency, had "over the past few years…worked on several projects with the goal of delivering easy-to-understand information to Taiwan's citizens by using simplified graphics, web pages, and layman's terms."[18] During the occupation of the Legislative Yuan, they ran seventeen video and three text feeds, all hosted on their website—g0v.tw—which was run by about one hundred people. The public did not have to rely on the mainstream media, as the feeds provided faster and more reliable information.[19]
At first, the group tried working with existing servers, but then they constructed their own after it became clear that faster service would be needed to keep up with the high demand. This highlights that while infrastructure existed, it was also improved upon during the movement.
Videos. Videos were uploaded to YouTube in a variety of languages—Cantonese, Mandarin, English, Japanese, and others—with dozens of videos "shot and distributed…some on behalf of the organizers, most others being messages of support from around the world."[20] This demonstrates how social media internationalized the movement. The videos of the victims of police beatings became a rallying point domestically and internationally, with some supporters taking to the streets abroad in solidarity.
Blogs and Microblogs. Individuals posted text, photos, and videos. Locations for these posts ranged from personal blogs to microblogging aggregates (e.g., Twitter) to bulletin boards (e.g., PTT). These were one-way communications that updated followers about the situation on the ground but also had interactive components. PTT, for example, was used to spark discussion about the movement and core issues by some leadership groups.[21] It was further used to collect evidence of police misconduct.[22]
Websites. Three major websites with information about the CSSTA were developed during the movement. The first allowed users to enter the name of any registered Taiwanese company to show if and how the company would be affected by the agreement.[23] The second offered positive and negative news and opinions about the CSSTA; the media had seized upon the movement, and much debate grew around the agreement.[24] The third broke "down complex [CSSTA] regulations, rendering them [clearer] and easier to understand."[25] It further provided transcripts from all public hearings related to the agreement (including specific clauses). Together, these actions served to educate the public and foster debate.[26]
Messaging and Teleconferencing. Messaging and teleconferencing applications were primarily used for private communications. This held true both for protesters and for organizers communicating with the outside world. For example, "organizers [were given feedback and] updated with the latest news coming in about their protest…in 15-minute intervals."[27] Video teleconferencing applications like Skype were used to give interviews on international news channels such as the BBC, while messaging applications like WhatsApp and Line were used to speak with domestic and foreign reporters. In these ways, social media and the internet interacted with conventional (or traditional) media.
Collaborative Documents. Collaborative tools permitted members to work together "on [projects] in real time and to make edits in a shared space."[28] Press releases, for example, were edited collaboratively before they were released through one-way channels.[29] Google Docs were maintained, "detailing [a] list of supplies needed and how donors could contribute."[30] The group g0v used Hackpad—a similar collaborative document tool—to ensure transcript and data documentation on the movement with 1,500 volunteers. Hackpad proved so popular that "as the movement gathered steam," its servers overloaded "more than five times in…three days, necessitating the addition of extra servers to keep up with" demand.[31]
Crowdfunding. A funding campaign was set up on FlyingV, Taiwan's equivalent of Kickstarter. Its accompanying website—4am.tw—was "designed and constructed within [twenty-four] hours by an all-volunteer force of 10 translators and four engineers."[32] In less than twelve hours, the campaign raised 6.3 million New Taiwan dollars (NTD), surpassing its goal and becoming the nation's fastest crowdfunding project to do so—all this despite no prior planning.[33]
The money was used to buy advertising space in the New York Times. One-way communications such as messaging apps used to communicate with reporters, and money raised in this manner allowed protesters to share their own stories instead of being boxed in by Taiwan's mainstream media's binary narrative of KMT versus the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).[34]
Facebook (and Facebook Messenger)
By 2014, Facebook was used by 65 percent of Taiwan, a higher rate than any other country in the world. Active users reached fifteen million a month by that year's end.[35] This penetration (and mobility, with phone and tablet applications) contributed to making it the most popular platform among the movement's participants.[36] In this atmosphere, Facebook occupied a unique position as both a one-way and interactive platform.
Facebook was used more for information sharing than networking.[37] In fact, very few used Facebook for networking purposes.[38] Rather, it was used to disseminate information on the movement: from details about the CSSTA, to gathering times and locations, to warnings of police activity. Put simply, it was used to "initiate, support and coordinate offline action."[39]
Figure 2. Sunflower Movement Posts by Facebook Likes (*as of September 1, 2014).
First, it was used to disseminate anti-CSSTA information, then to organize demonstrations both large and small: "Facebook [enhanced, extended, or even introduced] ad hoc, individual and short-term action as well as forms of action such as gatherings, sit-ins, protesting and civil disobedience…[supporting self-organized] and loosely structured coordination of offline action…[for instance, coordination of] the occupation of physical spaces such as the Legislative Yuan."[40] In this way, the application played an outsized role in informing and mobilizing.
After images surfaced of bruised and bloodied protesters being expelled from the Legislative Yuan, Facebook was used to prepare a larger rally that "[capitalized] on discontent with both the services agreement and the police crackdown."[41]
The medium was synonymous with a swell of volunteers who "flooded the capital" over a period of weeks.[42] In one example, "a postgrad at National Kaohsiung Normal University…arrived in Taipei…after browsing through Facebook…[and finding] a picture calling on supporters to fill" the streets.[43]
Pages by organizing groups such as the Black Island Youth went viral, jumping to two hundred thousand likes in a matter of days. They were particularly successful in disseminating information in small, easy-to-digest snippets that could be shared among participants.[44]
Facebook also allowed distribution of text, images, and videos. Videos were filmed in a multitude of languages to reach the largest international audience possible. The application had provided a tool to spread information, mobilize individuals from other regions, and even bring international audiences into the fold.
Finally, in its most interactive element, Facebook was used as a point of contact between supporters and organizers about police activity:
Sightings of riot police and water cannon trucks were given a high priority. Opening a message from a supporter detailing the sighting of three such trucks parked on the corner of Tianjin Street and Beiping East Road, just a five-minute walk from the Legislature, [one of Black Island Youth Facebook page's administrators] Ting-ru writes: "Can you send me proof? I need photo proof. We have reports coming in from everywhere." A picture duly arrived five minutes later.[45]
Facebook occupies both public and private spheres and one-way and interactive categories. Organizing groups could post messages that others could respond to. Individuals could reply to posters and provide new information leading to the creation of new posts or altering existing ones. While it can be argued that all blogging and microblogging mediums have this capability, it was used disproportionately through Facebook.
Infrastructure and Accessibility
The Sunflower Movement's successful use of social media and the internet was made possible by existing infrastructure and accessibility. As noted, Facebook had penetrated 65 percent of Taiwan by 2014. This was complemented by growth in the mobile-use segment.[46] It was this penetration and mobility that contributed to making Facebook the most popular platform among participants.[47] However, penetration and mobility were not limited to one application. By 2018, 80 percent of Taiwan's population was actively using social media, with "Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Line, and Google [being] the most popular platforms among Taiwanese netizens."[48]
During the movement, protesters saw the "interactivity, [connectivity], and easy accessibility of social media" and the internet, and their potential to "disseminate…appeals, mobilize supporters, and challenge the mainstream media."[49]As a facet of accessibility, the short and simple nature of social media messaging disseminated information in an efficient way.
It was because the infrastructure existed that individuals could use it. The high internet "penetration rate [provided the] prerequisite condition for participation."[50] Further, because foundational infrastructure existed, even when capacity fell short—as with servers overloading due to video streaming—the resources and expertise existed to set up new capabilities, such as new servers.
Internationalization and Interaction with Conventional Media
Social media allowed the international community to participate both virtually and physically. In response to the brutal police treatment experienced by protesters, people—some members of the overseas Taiwanese diaspora—"as far away as the US, Canada and the UK…rallied in public squares in defense of the students."[51] Others posted videos on YouTube and Facebook in support of the protesters. Such involvement marked a departure from earlier pro-democracy movements, when information was slow to reach an international audience, if it did at all.
This further emphasizes the internationalization of news. In many cases, social media allowed participants to fight back against inaccurate mainstream media narratives. As "Taiwan's media environment had been highly polarized between the incumbent KMT and the opposition DPP, at the outset of the Sunflower Movement, traditional media merely simplified the occupation as a conflict between the two camps."[52] To overcome such inaccuracies and "to keep the world up to date about the constant goings-on of the movement, student occupiers waged their battles on social media platforms."[53] Such competition provided impetus for conventional media to rethink their narratives and provide more nuanced reporting.
Meanwhile, using money raised through FlyingV, the protesters took out a full-page advertisement in the New York Times. "It was a powerful message, featuring students with their heads bowed being hosed with a water cannon."[54]
Source: Everydayrebellion.net. Protesters hosed by the police, as featured in the New York Times. Organizers believed that their use of international pressure would be effective against foreign-educated President Ma Ying-jeou; who was highly conscious of international perceptions.
Resources were also allocated to take out full-page advertisements in major Taiwanese newspapers. This is a clear example of social media and the internet impacting the mainstream media via fundraising.
Setbacks and Future Implications
One potential drawback of social media and the internet is its potential to be hacked. This is something protesters became acutely aware of:
[On Facebook, one of the account administrators], one that each organizer assumed that others knew, posted a widely shared message suggesting that supporters should relocate from the Legislature to the cabinet office. This was later deleted. But to add to the confusion, another message was sent out just before 10 p.m., this time via text, asking hundreds of students "on non-official business" to return to their campus base of operations.[55]
This caused the withdrawal of half of the organizers. Meanwhile, numbers in messaging groups grew exponentially:
Many with profile names that organizers failed to recognize. Some of their profile pictures appeared to be students (wearing a no-nuke T-shirt, for example, reminiscent of an earlier protest many student organizers had participated in), but a closer look revealed the accounts either to have been recently created, or devoid of any further personal information.[56]
Such infiltration temporarily reduced numbers and confused many participants; simply put, the movement became disorganized. This illuminates the dangers of relying too heavily on social media and the internet, further highlighting the need to see them only as tools. Many of the videos and images uploaded to sites such as YouTube, Facebook, and others were taken down as soon as they were put up, ostensibly due to the government pressuring said platforms.[57] Organizers were able to counter these tactics by using offline associations and spreading information through word of mouth.
In the end, however, the Sunflower Movement yielded positive results: The CSSTA was stalled and currently remains unratified in Taiwan. This led to analysis of their methods by organizers of future movements. Several successful digital strategies by other groups fighting for social change were created and made ready for action.[58] For example, "Taiwan's anti-nuclear power movement, born right after the Sunflower protests, [used] a similar digital playbook."[59]
During the Sunflower Movement, social media and the internet bestowed on individuals the ability to realize their goals. Using one-way and interactive communications, a successful model that could implement change was created. These digital tools do not work in a vacuum, however, and interaction with conventional media and offline associations became critical for achieving objectives. Ultimately, this successful movement lead the methods used to be analyzed and made into a toolkit for future civic endeavors.
[1] Denny Roy, Taiwan: A Political History (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003), 86.
[2] Vincent Y. Chao, "How Technology Revolutionized Taiwan's Sunflower Movement: Facebook and Google, the Favored Tools of Dissidents, Are Now Shaping Taiwan's Relationship with China," Diplomat, April 15, 2014, https://thediplomat.com/2014/04/how-technology-revolutionized-taiwans-sunflower-movement.
[3] Chao, "How Technology Revolutionized Taiwan's Sunflower Movement."
[4] JoAnn Fan, "The Economics of the Cross-Strait Services Agreement," Brookings Institution, April 18, 2014, https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/the-economics-of-the-cross-strait-services-agreement.
[5] Tracey Cheng, "Taiwan's Sunflower Protest. Digital Anatomy of a Movement," in Digital Activism in Asia Reader, ed. Nishant Shah, Puthiya Purayil Sneha, and Sumandro Chattapadhyay (Luneburg, DE: Meson Press eG, 2015), 88, http://dx.doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1488.; For a more detailed timeline see Daybreak, "317 to 322: The Birth of an Occupation," https://daybreak.newbloommag.net/2017/07/26/timeline-317-to-322.
[6] Ian Rowen, "Inside Taiwan's Sunflower Movement: Twenty-Four Days in a Student-Occupied Parliament, and the Future of the Region," Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 1 (February 2015): 6, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911814002174.
[7] Hsuan-Ting Chen, Sun Ping, and Gan Chen, "Far from Reach but near at Hand: The Role of Social Media for Cross-National Mobilization," Computers in Human Behavior 53, no. 1 (December 2015): 443, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.052.
[8] Alex Chuan hsien Chang, "Does Internet Usage Inspire Offline Political Participation? Analyzing the Taiwan Case," Japanese Journal of Political Science 20, no. 1 (2019): 192.
[9] Chen, Ping, and Chen, "Far from Reach but near at Hand," 444.
[10] Chang, "Does Internet Usage Inspire Offline Political Participation?" 192.; Chen, Ping, and Chen, "Far from Reach but near at Hand," 444.
[11] Chang, "Does Internet Usage Inspire Offline Political Participation?" 200.
[12] Chen, Ping, and Chen, "Far from Reach but near at Hand," 445.
[13] Tsatsou, "Social Media and Informal Organisation of Citizen Activism," 11.
[14] Chang, "Does Internet Usage Inspire Offline Political Participation?" 200–01.
[15] Chang, "Does Internet Usage Inspire Offline Political Participation?" 193, 200.
[16] Daybreak, "How Did the Occupiers Understand What They Were Doing?" https://daybreak.newbloommag.net/2017/06/17/occupiers-differences-thought.
[18] Cheng, "Taiwan's Sunflower Protest," 89.
[20] Chao, "How Technology Revolutionized Taiwan's Sunflower Movement."
[26] For more information on these websites, see Cheng, "Taiwan's Sunflower Protest."
[28] Legal Monitor Worldwide, "After Taiwan's Sunflower Movement," November 6, 2014.
[34] Chang, "Does Internet Usage Inspire Offline Political Participation?" 194-195; Reporters Without Borders have cited media polarization in Taiwan as problematic to press freedom. See Focus Taiwan, "Taiwan Ranks 43rd in 2020 World Press Freedom Rankings, Down 1 Place," April 21, 2020, https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202004210022.
[35] Taipei Times, "Taiwan Likes Facebook, Has Highest Penetration," February 28, 2014, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2014/02/28/2003584495.
[36] Tsatsou, "Social Media and Informal Organisation of Citizen Activism," 6.
[46] Taipei Times, "Taiwan Likes Facebook, Has Highest Penetration."
[52] Chang, "Does Internet Usage Inspire Offline Political Participation?" 194–5.
Chang, Alex Chuan hsien. "Does Internet Usage Inspire Offline Political Participation? Analyzing the Taiwan Case." Japanese Journal of Political Science 20, no. 1 (2019): 191–208.
Chao, Vincent Y. "How Technology Revolutionized Taiwan's Sunflower Movement: Facebook and Google, the Favored Tools of Dissidents, Are Now Shaping Taiwan's Relationship with China." Diplomat, April 15, 2014. https://thediplomat.com/2014/04/how-technology-revolutionized-taiwans-sunflower-movement.
Chen, Hsuan-Ting, Sun Ping, and Gan Chen. "Far from Reach But Near at Hand: The Role of Social Media for Cross-National Mobilization." Computers in Human Behavior 53, no. 1 (December 2015): 443–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.052.
Cheng, Tracey. "Taiwan's Sunflower Protest. Digital Anatomy of a Movement." in Digital Activism in Asia Reader,edited by Nishant Shah, Puthiya Purayil Sneha, and Sumandro Chattapadhyay. Luneburg, DE: Meson Press eG, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1488.
Daybreak. "How Did the Occupiers Understand What They Were Doing?" Accessed March 20, 2020. https://daybreak.newbloommag.net/2017/06/17/occupiers-differences-thought.
Fan, JoAnn. "The Economics of the Cross-Strait Services Agreement." Brookings Institution. April 18, 2014. https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/the-economics-of-the-cross-strait-services-agreement.
Legal Monitor Worldwide, "After Taiwan's Sunflower Movement," November 6, 2014.
Rowen, Ian. "Inside Taiwan's Sunflower Movement: Twenty-Four Days in a Student-Occupied Parliament, and the Future of the Region." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 1 (February 2015): 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911814002174.
Roy, Denny. Taiwan: A Political History. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.
Taipei Times, "Taiwan Likes Facebook, Has Highest Penetration," February 28, 2014. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2014/02/28/2003584495.
Tsatsou, Panayiota. "Social Media and Informal Organisation of Citizen Activism: Lessons From the Use of Facebook in the Sunflower Movement." Social Media + Society (January–March 2018): 1–12.https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117751384.
We Are Social and Hootsuite, "Digital 2018: Taiwan." Accessed March 23, 2020. https://www.slideshare.net/DataReportal/digital-2018-taiwan-january-2018.
Tags Protest, Sunflower Movement, Taiwan
By Zareen T. Khan
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Keith Wilson may refer to:

 Keith Wilson (cricketer) (1894–1977), English cricketer
 Keith Wilson (South Australian politician) (1900–1987), Senator for South Australia and later federal member for Sturt
 Keith Wilson (musician) (1916–2013), American clarinetist and Yale University music instructor
 Keith Wilson (production designer) (1941–2011), British television and film production designer
 Keith Wilson (sailor) (born 1937), Canadian Olympic sailor
 Keith Wilson (shearer), New Zealand shearer
 Keith M. Wilson (?–2018), historian and author
 Keith Wilson (footballer) (1935–2000), Australian rules footballer
 Keith Wilson (Western Australian politician) (born 1936), Member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly (1977–1993)
 J. Keith Wilson, American Asian art curator
 Keith Wilson, NASCAR crew chief for Jimmy Means Racing during the 1990s

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Now Reading: Chocolate City Strikes Partnership Deal With Warner Music Group
Now Reading: Chocolate City Strikes Partnership Deal...
Chocolate City Strikes Partnership Deal With Warner Music Group
in Featured Music News World News Leave a comment
Today, March 28, Nigerian foremost music label has revealed an innovative deal with American multinational record label, Warner Music Group.
According to press materials sent to NET, the partnership will dramatically grow the reach of African artists around the world and will create new opportunities for global superstars in the region. Chocolate City will continue to be led by Co-Founders Audu Maikori and Paul Okeugo and EVP of Imprints, Jude Abaga and EVP of Recorded Music Aibee Abidoye.
Furthermore, the terms of the new deal will have artists on the Chocolate City roaster; Femi Kuti, hip-hop artist, and record producer M.I. Abaga, Afro beats sensation Dice Ailes, Nosa, ClassiQ, Ruby Gyang and promising new acts Blaqbonez, C Kay and Street Billionaires join Warner Music's repertoire, and receive the support of the company's wide-ranging global expertise, including distribution and artist services via ADA – WMG's independent label services division.
The Chocolate City team will continue to develop local artists and support the management of WMG's global superstars across Sub Saharan Africa, including a strategic, reciprocal marketing agreement with WMG South Africa. WMG will also provide financial support for Chocolate City to help achieve its mission of signing and developing the best local talent in this fast-growing market.
Speaking on the partnership, Audu Maikori, Group CEO of Chocolate City, comments: "At Chocolate City, we have always been passionate about discovering and developing the best talent across Africa and giving them a platform for global growth. The partnership with Warner Music Group is unique in the sense that our clients get the best of both worlds – curated and bespoke services by a highly experienced team across Africa and a dedicated global team to further push their music and their brands."
Alfonso Perez Soto, Executive Vice President, Eastern Europe, Middle East, and Africa, Warner Music, says: "The music scene in Nigeria is so rich and diverse that it's important that we develop bespoke entrepreneurial strategies. At the same time, we'll keep in mind the lessons learned from other emerging markets, for instance, Latin America where we successfully broke local artists globally. We have a great affinity with Chocolate City's creative and ambitious approach and we're excited about Warner's role in bringing to life their vision of taking their music worldwide."
Today's news follows the recently announced deal for WMG's repertoire to be distributed by local streaming service Boomplay.
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Irish violinist Patricia Treacy is set to perform two distinctly Irish tunes at a mass for Joe Biden and his family before his inauguration on January 20.
South Boston St. Patrick's Day Parade canceled for second year in a row
Organizers of the South Boston St. Patrick's Day Parade are now looking ahead to 2022 events.
Your story: Have you ever played matchmaker? We want to hear from you!
MyIrishdate is carrying on the old Irish tradition of matchmaking but we want to hear your stories! Have you played cupid? Share your story here.
Timothy Fahey, certainly a Tipperary person of great note
From an emigrant store owner to the founder of "The First National Bank of Ireland", this Tipperay man leaves an incredible legacy in Ohio.
Trinity online lecture: Post-Conflict Recovery - Mosul Museum Project Zero
Part of the Out of the Ashes series, Corine Wegener, Director, Smithsonian Cultural Rescue Initiative, will give an online lecture on Jan 25.
Cahir O'Doherty
Paradise Square: The new musical about the Irish and Blacks in NYC's Five Points
Conceived by Black 47's Larry Kirwan, Paradise Square looks at how Black and Irish cultures met in the Five Points in the 1860s, and then changed America.
These 25 Irish books have been named must-reads in Oprah Magazine
The Oprah Magazine's list of '25 Irish Books You Should Read' is a proper mix of old and new Irish classics.
Gardaí challenged to online dance off with Swiss police
Police officers in Switzerland have challenged gardaí to an online dance off after posting an online video of their own force members' choreographed dance routine.
Are you of Irish descent? Now is the time to get your Irish Citizenship
As Irish immigration to the US slowly decreases, it is important to secure your Irish Citizenship in order to preserve the right for future generations.
Defending Trinity College during the 1916 Easter Rising
As bullets rang out on April 24 1916 who would defend Trinity College? A handful of porters armed with pikes? Four young cadets wielding empty rifles?
Refer a friend to MyIrishDate to win a prize!
Do you know someone who's looking for love? Get involved with our Matchmaker giveaway with MyIrishDate.
Show must go on-line for Origin 1st Irish Theatre Festival
This year's virtual festival will feature films and documentaries from up-and-coming Irish artists.
Hearty, healthy Irish soup! This meal in a bowl, full of good stuff, is a wonderful celebration of National Soup Month.
Liam Neeson's everyman hero lights up The Marksman
You may think you've seen everything Liam Neeson can do with a gun and a vendetta but then along comes The Marksman.
Telling ancient Ireland's tales: Irish are the stories they tell
A look at the long history of storytelling in Ireland and why we're so good at it!
Tourism Ireland launches new initiative after major success of the Wild Atlantic Way.
Potatoes and cheese in a warming Irish soup recipe? Talk about comfort food!
Remembering Dolores O'Riordan with the best Cranberries songs
On the anniversary of Dolores O'Riordan's tragic passing, we take a look at the best songs from the Cranberries.
Derry Girls ready to get back to work when it's safe to do so
Nicola Coughlan, Bridgeton, and Derry Girls, star is ready to get back to work on series 3 of the Netflix hit... when COVID will allow.
Dublin's "Brother Hubbard Cookbook" roast beetroot and tomato soup recipe
Why not celebrate National Soup Month with this delicious beetroot and tomato soup recipe?


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Hook prepared for different sizes of training wire.
Braking/tightening wheel: The brake nut allows the plant to be lowered easily and safely.
String spool: The string has been manufactured with UV treatment for greater strength and durability.
CLIPSPER signifies an important manpower saving.
The system is comfortable and easy to use.
Fabricated with material highly resistant to the working conditions.
Hook with no-drop safety system.


text:
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text:
Q: Make MFC Modal (synchronous) I have crated an MFC GUI application (blah.exe), and it works fine.  I need to use it in a powershell script, and I need the script to wait for the .exe application to finish.  But the .exe runs itself asynchronously, i.e. the invoking process does not wait for it to finish.  How do I change this?
The application was created in Visual Studio 2010 with the standard MFC app wizard.

A: You should start your application using the following command in PowerShell:
Start-Process <path to exe> -NoNewWindow -Wait

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


GOOD autobiography requires not only literary skill but also passion and candor. All these Rosemary L. Bray displays in abundance in ''Unafraid of the Dark,'' an engaging memoir of growing up on welfare in Chicago's Black Belt and becoming a respected journalist in New York.
When Bray was a small child in 1960, her unskilled but resilient and enduring mother, Mary -- plagued by her husband, Nehemiah, a controlling, abusive, woman-hating gambler who neither could keep an ordinary job nor would allow his wife to work -- sought succor in Aid to Dependent Children (now called Aid to Families With Dependent Children.). As a result Nehemiah Bray became one of the ''shadow men'' who slipped out the back door when the caseworker walked in the front, for the state ''frowned on the presence of men'' in A.D.C. homes.
But her father was not entirely a monster. He and his wife had emigrated from the South to escape poverty and ignorance, and both Nehemiah -- whose favorite television show was ''Meet the Press'' -- and Mary had a fierce respect for education. They taught Rosemary to read when she was 3. And because her father regarded the ramshackle, segregated Chicago public schools with contempt, the Brays, who were Protestants, reared their children as Roman Catholics and sent them to parochial school at St. Ambrose.
There Rosemary won instant promotion from first grade to second, reading with the fifth graders. Her diligence at homework diverted her father's violent rage but caused her classmates to consider her a ''nauseating little goody-two-shoes.'' In 1963 she wrote a poem about the slain John F. Kennedy, sent it to the White House and received a thank-you note over the signature of Jacqueline Kennedy. A writer was born.
It was the time of Birmingham, Selma and marches at home against segregation in Chicago schools. The violence and controversy awakened Rosemary to how white people regarded blacks. She also learned how the Roman Catholic Church viewed women. Rosemary wanted to serve at the altar, like her brother Hiawatha, but was refused. A feminist was born.
Her parents knew she was a misfit at St. Ambrose. Francis Parker, an exclusive prep school, offered scholarships to Rosemary and Hiawatha. There she was still different: amid white privilege, she was black and poor. That spurred a brief bout of adolescent thievery, about which she is excruciatingly honest. The school did not expel her; instead, it gave her an allowance so she would not feel so destitute.
There, also, a gifted teacher discovered her. ''Do you know you're the kind of student a teacher waits his whole life to teach?'' he said. Under his tutelage, she performed the lead in a school play and finally won acceptance from her classmates. She blossomed elsewhere, reading James Baldwin and Lorraine Hansberry as well as Chaim Potok and N. Scott Momaday.
And then Bray went to Yale, one of the first black women to do so, thanks to affirmative action. Overwhelmed by college life, she failed three of her first four courses -- and was given a second chance by a kind and wise dean. She pulled up her grades and never looked back. She fell in love. Her feminism was rekindled, she became an activist, and worked for The Yale Daily News as well.
She graduated. Her father died. (''Free at last,'' her mother sang.) After a short stint with a New London, Conn., paper she went to New York, where she worked for a youth magazine whose editor viewed his audience as ''little white boys in Iowa.'' She joined Essence, then worked for New York University.
At The Daily News in New York she suffered ''six of the worst months of my professional life'' amid unsympathetic white male editors. She then went to The Wall Street Journal, Ms. and eventually wound up on The New York Times Book Review as an editor. Today Rosemary Bray still speaks out as a widely published writer and editor from her home base in Montclair, N.J., where she lives with her husband, Robert, and her sons, Allen and Daniel.
All this she sets down in a brisk and clear journalist's prose salted with memorable phrasing (her father ''smelled of sweat and dirt, cigarettes and coffee and work''). The passages about her father are deeply affecting, and so are those about her mother, thanks to a clearsighted and unsentimental ability to see things as they are. She also refrains from gushing with gratitude toward the many white people who gave her a leg up -- she simply lets the facts speak for themselves.
There is one small flaw. Bray wrote this book, she says, because she wanted to show what could happen under today's draconian welfare reform proposals. Persuasively, she argues that today her story would be ''nearly impossible.'' But when she demonizes those with different views of public welfare (''upper-middle-class pundits and working-class bigots and Christian moralists . . . disappointed liberals . . . and childless feminists'') she is unnecessarily alienating much of the audience she needs to reach. Perhaps, however, this is an inevitable consequence of the ardor and frankness that so memorably color her story.


If you're a journalist with a question relating to moneycorp anywhere in the world, send your query to moneycorp@goodrelations.co.uk. Our global press office is managed by our agency Good Relations, who will respond within 24 hours. Please make sure to include relevant contact details and any necessary deadlines.


This cake shop offers many sweets, but what makes it special are their cakes.
Here you can order and buy as much sweets as you want.
Gelato Magia has it's dedicated customers who always have time to come here during their shopping and enjoy a coffee or a very good ice cream.
The company was established more than 50 years ago and, as they say, the recipe hasn't changed since then.


Getting an evaporative cooling system installed and running within a home is just the first step. While having it installed is indeed an important step, because it is in constant use, evaporative cooling systems require service checks in order to keep all parts up to date and to check to ensure that the system is functioning correctly. Go here to find out more about evaporative cooling.
The recommendations for how often evaporative cooling should be serviced depends on the brand and model. The general recommendations to ensure maximum efficiency may range from checks on an annual basis to having the cooling system checked every 2-3 years. To be able to tell which, it is best to ask those who have installed the system, or refer to any manual provided.
What does a service check for evaporative cooling system typically entail? While basic cleaning or eyeball-checks can be done by the homeowner on a regular basis, having a professional come in to check the system is essential to inspect more specific functions. One of the services provided during a professional check is a general washing of the system's filter pads and drain valve. They should also include inspections of the water level in the reservoir and the belt tension within the system. Checking the filter pads is important because the cooling efficiency of the system depends on making sure the pads are receiving a uniform wetting, due to it being a tell-tale sign of how much water is being evaporated. It is also important for efficiency purposes that the pads continue to remain wet.
However, the primary goal is to make sure there are no signs of wear or damage. Failing to have an evaporative cooling system checked on a yearly or bi-annual basis may be costly if the system does turn out to show damage. Scheduling maintenance checks gives homeowners a better chance of both preventing damage to the cooling system by catching the problem beforehand, or finding the issue and rectifying it in a prompt manner. If there is indeed damage, service may include a replacement or simple repair. The individual performing the service check will be able to provide each customer with specified information regarding what is required to fix any particular problem. As experienced professionals, it is their job not only to perform their job but also inform, especially if there are any additional steps the homeowner can take on a regular basis to keep their system in check and working efficiently.
Although homeowners may be tempted to leave the system alone and forsake regular checks, doing so does no good in keeping their cooling system in top shape. Continuing to use a malfunctioning cooling system that is not reaching the peak efficiency it has to offer threatens owner satisfaction in its inability to keep individuals cool within their homes.
To have a maintenance service check on your evaporative cooling system, make sure to call Aspen Air at 1300-661-861.
Click here to read about other air conditioning systems for your home.


Last week, Twitter announce two new features to create better conversational experiences between businesses and people on their platform. Twitter quick replies and welcome messages in Direct Messages make it easier for your business to guide people to better results and easy conversations through a combination of simple automation and human service.
How can Twitter Quick Replies & DM Welcome Messages help your customer service and digital marketing strategy?
Welcome messages helps your business greet people and set expectations as they enter a Direct Message conversation – without requiring people to send the first message. You can create multiple welcome messages and deep link directly to a specific greeting from Tweets, websites, or apps. Welcome messages help you demonstrate your commitment to service and helping customers learn what options exist to engage with a business in Direct Messages.
Quick replies allows you prompt people with the best ways to reply to a Direct Message, whether by choosing from a list of options or guiding users to enter specific text values.
When quick replies and welcome messages are used together, businesses can reduce wait times and educate people on the best ways to interact with them. For example, you can enable faster resolutions by helping customers more easily provide information to solve problems before an agent sees the first message, or they can simplify automated services and transactional flows that were difficult in the past.
If you're interested in creating automated experiences in Direct Messages for your business, Twitter worked closely with Assist, Audiense, Conversable, Conversocial, Dexter, Hobbynote, Lithium, Massively, Proxima, RozieAI, Spredfast, Sprinklr, and Sprout Social to bring the new Twitter quick replies & welcome message in DMs features to market. Contact these companies directly for more information. Twitter's also working with a wider group of partners who will offer solutions to their customers soon as well.


Piraeus Port is the port of Athens one of the busiest ports in the world, with a traffic of more than 24 million people and maybe also one of the largest seaports in Europe providing services to more than 24500 ships annually! Themistocles the great Athenian leader in 441 BC initiated the fortification of the port and turned Piraeus into a large military base and commercial harbor.
Award winning private shore tours & transfers, delivered by an amazing team !


while you are traveling. For others, it's a gateway to the world served by two charter aircraft companies.
Young people from our area can begin their professional pilot training in one of two flight schools.
For community, we serve as a base for the Maryland State police, offering both security and Medevac Flights.
and recreational pilots and making sure your experience at Easton Airport is safe, enjoyable and stress free.
Don't miss our new quarterly newsletter!
Easton Airport /Newnam Field is conveniently located on Ocean Gateway Route 50, just outside of downtown Easton, MD and only 20 minutes from St. Michaels. Positioned midway on the Demarva Penninsula, the airport serves as a gateway to the entire shoreline and points of interest from Chestertown to Ocean City and Assateague Island National Seashore, including the well known Delaware Beaches of Rehobeth and Bethany.


text:
Tag Archive for: The Jikokoa
Africa, Development, Global Poverty, Kenya, Sustainability
New Innovative Cooking Stove Uses 50 Percent Less Fuels
Cooking stove design studio and manufacturer BURN envisions a cleaner, healthier and more sustainable future for Africa with the help of an innovative cooking stove just larger than a soup pot. The Jikokoa, a modern design of East African jikos, reduces many negative impacts of traditional stoves and is 100 percent manufactured in Kenya.
Although significant progress has been made with high tech stove designs, successfully manufacturing, distributing and maintaining an affordable product is a challenge. In partnership with the Paradigm Project, a social enterprise that aims to leverage business for social good, and other investors, BURN developed a scalable business model with the Jikokoa, one of several cooking solutions from the U.S. based design studio.
Chief Product Officer Boston Nyer says, "Our priorities are: Protect the forests and the environment; help people alleviate the burden of poverty; and improve health." The Jikokoa targets each of these priorities. Requiring less fuel slows deforestation, quicker and more efficient cooking saves time and money and reduced emissions provide a healthier cooking environment.
Kenya and many other countries in Africa traditionally rely on a three-stone fire fueled with wood or charcoal. Since the 1990s, Africa has seen significant deforestation for fuel and charcoal production. Research by the Berkeley Air Monitoring Group confirmed the Jikokoa provides a 50 percent reduction in fuel use and a 37 percent reduction in CO concentrations.
Along with impacts on the greater African region, households using the Jikokoa cooking stove reported both time and monetary savings. Many women managing the fire and cooking spent less time gathering fuel. Household fuel costs also dropped due to the Jikokoa's efficient use of biomass fuels allowing money to be reinvested into homes and farms.
Smoke inhalation from other cooking methods is a huge concern, especially for women and children. Without a change in household practices, it is estimated that by 2030 more people in Africa will die from smoke inhalation than by malaria and tuberculosis combined.
The $40 Jikokoa is designed to be affordable and durable. BURN also works to provide financing for users in developing areas. Typically, the Jikokoa pays for itself in two and a half months from money saved on fuel.
Other jikos are available at a lower initial cost but require more fuel, increasing the overall expense. Since beginning operations in Kenya in 2013, BURN has sold 100,000 Jikokoa cooking stoves in East Africa. The company aims to locally manufacture and sell 1 million stoves in the next decade.
BURN estimates over the next ten years, Jikokoa cooking stoves will eventually save 123 million trees, reduce carbon emissions and save families more than $1 billion in food costs.
However, the Jikokoa is only the first step. BURN plans to continue designing innovative cooking solutions and producing a line of clean-burning stoves that use a variety of sustainable fuels. Three of these new clean-burning products are scheduled to launch in 2016.
– Cara Kuhlman
Sources: AFK Insider, Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, Burn Design Lab, Inhabitat, The Paradigm Project
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/logo.jpg 0 0 Borgen Project https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/logo.jpg Borgen Project2015-11-19 01:13:472020-06-24 19:59:05New Innovative Cooking Stove Uses 50 Percent Less Fuels


Welcome to the beautiful month of October, folks. Whether or not you're ready for it, autumn is here and will be in full swing shortly. Fall ushers in many wonderful things: crisp air, beautiful colors as the leaves change and pumpkin-flavored everything (literally everything…look around you). But the single most exciting development that autumn brings with it is certainly Halloween.
We were all kids once, and I'm sure that more than a few of us remember anticipating Halloween for something besides all that candy. The fact of the matter is, vandalism on Halloween will always be somewhat inevitable. This doesn't mean, however, that your home needs to face these risks. While hiding in the bushes with a hose like your father used to do isn't the worst plan that we've ever heard, there are more effective measures.
Consider outfitting the exterior of your home with our security cameras. This way, you'll be able to enjoy the trick-or-treaters stopping by while still keeping an eye on your property with live streams of the cameras' recordings. Plus, with online archiving of footage, you'll be able to prove exactly what happened in the event of any damages that might occur. If you intend to be out for the entire night with your children, you may want to leave your home protected with our window and door sensors, which can notify you if someone is tampering with entryways to your house.
Don't get us wrong, we think that Halloween is a beautiful thing. There's a certain undeniable magic to having a night dedicated entirely to dressing up in fanciful costumes and receiving small gifts from those around your community. Still, there are several unpleasant realities that must be considered.
Have a serious talk with your children in advance of the holiday about their plans for the big night and consider accompanying them on their trick-or-treating adventures. If you've decided that your kids are old enough to go out on their own this year, make sure that they carry cell phones with them and establish their route for the evening with you beforehand. Upon their return, inspect their candy to rule out any unwrapped or suspicious pieces among their loot.
If there isn't already a neighborhood watch or similar program already in place in your community, then Halloween is the perfect time to establish one. Organize a meeting with the other adults from around your block and discuss the potential dangers of the holiday. The odds are decent that other concerned parents would be willing to help you take preventative steps, such as organizing a rotating group of adults to walk with the trick-or-treaters.


text:
package jsastrawi.cli.output;

/**
 * Output Interface, the contract for printing messages.
 */
public interface Output {

    /**
     * Print a message with new line
     *
     * @param x the message to print
     */
    public void println(String x);

    /**
     * Print a message
     *
     * @param x the message to print
     */
    public void print(String x);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Accelerator Business Builder ADvantage Fund
Berlin London Nassau
Bernd Schusky
Head of Brand Communications at DFL Deutsche Fußball Liga GmbH
Bernd Schusky combines expertise in brand and design strategy, digital products, and sports. With more than ten years of experience as a consultant, he works as Head of Brand Communicaitons at DFL Deutsche Fußball Liga GmbH. Before taking on this role, Bernd was a Senior Manager Corporate Communications at FIFA. In this role he was responsible for campaign management, FIFA's messaging and brand strategy as well as innovations. Prior to joining the world's governing body of football, he was the founder and CEO of keebits, a social media aggregation service for football fans. His career started at MetaDesign Berlin where he accompanied brands like Axel Springer, Bundesliga (DFL), and Triumph in their repositioning and rebranding efforts.
Involvement :
GO-TO-EXPERT, KICKSTARTER
Expertise :
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNICATION & PR, MARKETING, MOBILE & DIGITAL, PRODUCT MANAGEMENT
GOLF, RUNNING, SOCCER
I would like to sign up to receive email updates from leAD Sports.
contact@leadsports.com
© leAD Sports Ltd
Berlin | London | Nassau
Senefelder Str. 16, 10437 Berlin, Germany


text:
Uma bomba voadora é um veículo aéreo não tripulado ou pequena aeronave que carrega uma grande carga de explosivos, precursora dos mísseis de cruzeiro contemporâneos. Diferentemente de um bombardeiro, o qual foi projetado para liberar suas bombas e depois retornar à base para ser reutilizado, uma bomba voadora impacta contra o alvo e, por conseguinte, é ela mesma destruída no ataque.

A expressão "bomba voadora" é associada mais frequentemente com armas específicas da Segunda Guerra Mundial, as alemãs V-1 e Fieseler Fi 103R (Reichenberg) e a Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka japonesa. A primeira não era pilotada, enquanto que as demais eram guiadas por pilotos em missões suicidas.

Talvez por conta destas vinculações com as forças do Eixo, a expressão "míssil de cruzeiro" é muito mais utilizada em inglês e português para definir munições modernas que poderiam ser encaixadas sem maiores problemas na definição de bomba voadora.

Histórico

A primeira tentativa de se construir uma bomba voadora (também denominada "torpedo aéreo" na Marinha dos Estados Unidos), o Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane foi levada a cabo por Elmer Sperry em 1916 e era baseada num hidroplano Curtiss N-9. Isto levou a um projeto específico da Curtiss, a Bomba Voadora Curtiss-Sperry, que foi um quase completo fracasso. O Exército dos Estados Unidos também tentou desenvolver uma bomba voadora na Primeira Guerra Mundial, a Kettering Bug, mas o conflito acabou antes do programa estar concluído. O exemplo mais famoso de uma bomba voadora é a V-1 da Alemanha Nazista, muitas das quais atingiram Londres durante a II Guerra Mundial.

Tipos

Bombas voadoras podem ter ou não propulsão, serem ou não pilotadas, embora bombas voadoras sem propulsão tais como as alemãs Hagelkorn ("Granizo") e Fritz X, projetadas durante a II Guerra Mundial, eram geralmente classificadas como bombas planadoras. Bombas voadoras diferem de mísseis pelo fato de que uma bomba voadora é equipada com asas para prover sustentação ao longo de um grande percurso, enquanto que mísseis são lançados em trajetórias balísticas e não necessitam de sustentação aerodinâmica para atingirem o alvo.

Uso recente

Aviões comerciais pilotados como armas terroristas com o intuito de impactar contra um alvo, como nos ataques de 11 de setembro, são frequentemente citados como "bombas voadoras" na mídia.

Ver também

 Bomba planadora
 Mistel
 V-2

Ligações externas

Mísseis por tipo
Aviões militares de suporte aéreo
Bomba voadora
Bombas guiadas


text:
package com.google.cloud.dataflow.sdk.transforms.windowing;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

import com.google.cloud.dataflow.sdk.util.TriggerTester;
import com.google.cloud.dataflow.sdk.values.TimestampedValue;
import org.joda.time.Duration;
import org.joda.time.Instant;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;

/**
 * Tests for {@link Never}.
 */
@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public class NeverTest {
  private TriggerTester.SimpleTriggerTester<IntervalWindow> triggerTester;

  @Before
  public void setup() throws Exception {
    triggerTester =
        TriggerTester.forTrigger(
            Never.<IntervalWindow>ever(), FixedWindows.of(Duration.standardMinutes(5)));
  }

  @Test
  public void falseAfterEndOfWindow() throws Exception {
    triggerTester.injectElements(TimestampedValue.of(1, new Instant(1)));
    IntervalWindow window =
        new IntervalWindow(new Instant(0), new Instant(0).plus(Duration.standardMinutes(5)));
    assertThat(triggerTester.shouldFire(window), is(false));
    triggerTester.advanceInputWatermark(BoundedWindow.TIMESTAMP_MAX_VALUE);
    assertThat(triggerTester.shouldFire(window), is(false));
  }
}


text:
See The Rock Caves Photo Gallery4+ Images
The Rock Caves
Bhimbetka | Madhya Pradesh | India
Quick facts of The Rock Caves
Great for: Its Ancient Rock Caves
Ideal Duration: 3-4 hours
Nearest Airport: Bhopal
Nearest Railway Station: Bhopal
/ India / Madhya Pradesh / Bhimbetka / The Rock Caves
The Rock Caves, Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh
Bhimbetka Rock caves is very ancient archaeological site and feature paintings showing evidence of the existence of humans. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Bhimbetka is a historic place and home to many ancient rock caves known as Bhimbetka Rock Shelter, which are discovered in 1957 and also famous as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bhimbetka caves contain the ancient paintings which are more than 100,000 years ago and features the record of their existence for generations to come, and evidence of their dance, hunting, and various animals. It is one of the largest and oldest rock art in India.
2 Other Major Attractions in Bhimbetka
Hoshangabad, Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh
Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh has been named after Hoshang Shah's first ruler of Malwa Region, well known for its historic monuments and trading in handicrafts.
★★★ 699 Interested Bhimbetka
Bhojpur, Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh
Bhojpur is recognized as the Monument of national importance, situated on Betwa River, it's an incomplete Hindu Temple of Lord Shiva and home of a Lingam.
★★★★ 943 Interested Bhimbetka
World largest International Crafts fair: Surajkund Mela 2021


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Hijacking drama on Biman Bangladesh flight On February 24, 2019, Biman Bangladesh Airlines flight en route to Dubai has allegedly endured a hijacking attempt, making an emergency landing at Shah Amanat International Airport (CGP) in Chuttong,...
The Australian Roulettes take their iconic PC-9 for a last spin Roulettes have the ability to make our heads spin. It does not come as a surprise then that the Royal Australian Air Force chose this name for its aerobatic display...
UK CAA: Advice to UK consumers on British Midland Regional Limited (FlyBMI) suspending operations British Midland Regional Limited (FlyBMI) which offered services from various UK airports has suspended all operations with immediate effect. Advice to Consumers If you booked directly with British Midland Regional...
Report into Aseman Airlines crash finds multiple "human errors" Iran's civil aviation accident investigation bureau (AIB) released an "interim" report on February 18, 2019, on the deadly crash of the Aseman Airlines ATR72 in Iran exactly one year ago....
CityAirbus set for first flight in March Airbus Helicopters expects to complete the first flight of its CityAirbusurban mobility demonstrator sometime in March, as the vehicle continues its testing program at the manufacturer's facility in Donauwörth, Germany. Read...
Sport enthusiasts are waiting for their orders of a brand new amphibious light sport aircraft (LSA). A California company called ICON is getting ready to ship the A5, a plane that shows just how far sport aircraft technology has come.
The Latest Amphibious Aircraft
According to one industry review article in Boing Boing, it looks like it was "designed by Apple or Tesla: sleek, confident, lightweight, and thoroughly 21st century." The plane seems perfect for wealthy, adventurous types that would get a big thrill out of having their own personal ultralight aircraft for impromptu trips. Wired reported that it is an unusual new breed of plane, one that the US Federal Aviation Authority recently issued a special-light sport aircraft (S-LSA) certificate for earlier this year after an audit of the start-up company's facilities. Now, ICON is well on its way and set to deliver planes to 1,250 customers who have placed pre-orders. The base price tag of each plane? $189,000 USD.
The ICON A5 project has been nearly a decade in the making. The company is emphasizing how safety, easiness, fun, versatility and style is incorporated in its design.
Flying an LSA
Light sport aircraft is small aircraft that is simple to fly. It must meet certain regulations set by a country's national aviation authority restricting weight and performance. For example, The US Federal Aviation Administration defines light-sport aircraft this way:
Does not exceed 1,320 pounds.
Can reach speeds up to 138 mph and have a maximum stalling speed of 51 mph.
Seats two and is powered by one engine.
Has fixed propellers and landing gear.
In the US, the sport-pilot certificate was introduced a decade ago. Since then LSAs have had a bit of cautious indifference. In a recently analysis in Plane and Pilot magazine, the whole idea of light sport aircraft was viewed with suspicion, at first, because of the chance of accidents and new designs that seemed cobbled together. The suspicion was similar to how ultralight aircraft were viewed as dangerous toys for "amateur" pilots in the 1970s. The argument on behalf of LSAs today is that the US Federal Aviation Authority has created a different definition for ultralight aircraft. Now LSAs are growing in popularity, finding a coveted spot in the hearts of many aviators.
Sports and Sky
LSAs are ideal for sport pilots. They are easy-to-fly and to maintain and designs are getting better, such as the ICON A5. LSAs are being flown over oceans, deserts, mountain ranges and other types of terrain. LSA's are proving to open new adventures across the globe.
Would you love to fly an LSA like the ICON A5 somewhere in Greece's diverse landscape? Where would you take it for a ride?
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Extremely Awkward Moment Over Brutal Buffalo Bills Tweet on LIVE TV
Rob Banks Published: January 9, 2023
How insensitive was this tweet? Should the Buffalo Bills fans be mad over FOX Sports commentator Skip Bayless' tweet? It certainly got tense on LIVE TV. Very awkward.
When Buffalo Bills Damar Hamlin got injured on Monday Night Football, Bayless tweeted a series of comments about the injury. The final tweet in that series, though, caused some serious controversy. Many fans were absolutely disgusted with Skip calling him insensitive and horrible, to say the least. Here was the tweet:
No doubt the NFL is considering postponing the rest of this game — but how? This late in the season, a game of this magnitude is crucial to the regular-season outcome … which suddenly seems so irrelevant."
Some of his co-workers at FOX were DISGUSTED with what he had to say. Take a look at this moment between Bayless and Shannon Sharpe.
Michael Strahan wasn't happy AT ALL either. In fact, he used some serious air time to address the situation and the tweet.
The Buffalo Bills will take on the Miami Dolphins in the wild-card round of the AFC playoffs. The game will take place at 1 PM in Orchard Park.
The Buffalo Bills will have the home-field advantage again if they beat Miami to advance to the divisional round. The AFC conference championship, if it ends up being the Buffalo Bills taking on the Kansas City Chiefs will take place at a neutral site due to the canceled game between the Buffalo Bills and the Cincinnati Bengals. The neutral site location has not been announced yet by the NFL.
Best Free Agents Signed By The Buffalo Bills
The Buffalo Bills are gearing up for a run at the Super Bowl next season and some big-time free agents are already reaching out to the Bills looking to join the team. Check out some of the best free agents the Bills have signed in the past.
15 Hilarious Buffalo-Themed Coffee Mugs For Bills Fans And More
In honor of National Coffee Day, here are fifteen sweet mugs to hold your hot cup of joe while proclaiming your love for Bufflalo.
Go Bills!
Source: Extremely Awkward Moment Over Brutal Buffalo Bills Tweet on LIVE TV
Filed Under: buffalo bills, skip bayless
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Tesla Adjusts Agreement with Piedmont Lithium for Continued Lithium Supply from Quebec
in Industry, Tesla
Tesla is expanding its supply of lithium, a key raw material for the company, through an amended agreement with Piedmont Lithium. The deal will see 125,000 metric tons of lithium delivered to Tesla from 2023 to 2025, with the option to extend the agreement for an additional three years. The lithium will come from Quebec.
In addition to partnering with large mining companies for lithium, Tesla is also working with smaller mining companies like Piedmont. The contract allows these emerging companies to secure funding for new mining projects.
This is not the first time that Tesla has worked with Piedmont; the two companies originally entered a contract in 2020 when Piedmont began developing a mining site in North Carolina. Under the original agreement, Tesla was set to purchase one-third of Piedmont's projected annual output of 160,000 tons of lithium for at least five years.
Piedmont chief executive officer Keith Phillips said the company was pleased to be partnering with Tesla to supply lithium produced in North America.
"This agreement will ensure critical resources from Québec remain in North America to help support the Inflation Reduction Act [which seeks to] promote the US supply chain, a clean energy economy and global decarbonisation," he said.
Piedmont Lithium, in partnership with Sayona Mining, owns the NAL mine and concentrator in Quebec. Sayona holds a 75% equity stake in the project through subsidiary Sayona Quebec, while Piedmont owns the remaining 25%, as well as a 15% stake in Sayona.
The partners received final permit approvals to restart the operation last month, and expect to begin producing spodumene concentrate at NAL before the middle of this year, with the first commercial shipments scheduled for the third quarter. The initial output is expected to be around 220,000 tons per year of 6% spodumene concentrate, or 30,000 tons per year of lithium carbonate equivalent.
Piedmont has an offtake agreement with Sayona Quebec that allows it to purchase a minimum of 113,000 tons per year or 50% of the production, which will be subject to floor and ceiling prices for the duration of the mine's lifespan. Piedmont considers the commercial shipments from NAL to be a key milestone for revenue generation.
Tags: fundingInflation Reduction ActlithiumMiningsupply chain
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BYD's Yangwang Sub-Brand will Unveils R1 Off-Road SUV on January 5th


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Baptiste: We'll Put Things Right
Defender Determined To Bounce Back
Alex Baptiste says that the players are determined to 'put things right' when they face Cardiff City on Saturday.
The defender, like all his other team-mates, was very disappointed with the defeat to Huddersfield Town on Monday night and is focused on bouncing back.
A video analysis of the loss has helped highlight where The Seasiders must improve going into the game this weekend.
"We kind of went from back to front too quickly against Huddersfield," the 26-year-old said. "We got sucked into their game and they didn't really have many chances, apart from the set-pieces that killed us just before and just after half-time. We've now studied it and there are a lot of things we need to work on.
"If we play the way we play then there's no team in the league that can stop us, we just need reminders every now and then. We need to solve the problem quicker and defend our set-pieces much better, as well as being more aggresive in both boxes.
"There's a lot of things that we need to put right and we're going to do that against Cardiff. They've got a fantastic squad with some world class players so it's going to be tough. They're in the same position as us, coming off a defeat. We need to apply ourselves and play our way."
The fixture in Wales is the first of two away trips in a matter of days, with another international break on the horizon after Blackpool's home game against Charlton next Saturday.
"We've got two massive away games but we'll take one game at a time and then we'll see about Hull," he added.


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As a new era dawns and reason displaces tradition, two French diplomats face a new deal in politics, sciences and religion. But they also, like us, face a crucial question: how can we survive in a changing world?
We launched our first series of HD educational videos in 2007, and the experience gained with the early titles has strengthened our conviction that quality and multidisciplinarity hold the key to success.


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Autumn Reeser Pussy Slips
Actress who appeared as Lizzie Grant in the series Entourage and played Taylor Townsendin The O.C. In 2010, she appeared in Smokin' Aces 2: Assasins' Ball. She was in the 2004 film The Girl Next Door. She made the 2006 Maxim's list of Hot as number fifty-seven. She married Jesse Warren in 2009. The couple had a son in 2011. She was in the 2007 film Palo Alto alongside Aaron Ashmore.
Birth Sign: Virgo
Other: Blanka Vlasic, Charlotte Sullivan, Diane Parish, Gabrielle Carteris, Kate Ryan, Keri Russell, Liz Vassey, Natalie Dormer, Nicki Minaj, Parvati Shallow, Rachida Brakni, Renee Olstead, Zoe Kravitz, Anabel Armario, Brigitte Dale, Helen Hunt
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If your name is Ashley, then you're in some great company. Effed up naked guy running around Ft. Times Celebex Rankers - F. ''I am satisfied that she came to loathe Dean because he reminded her of his father, towards whom she held ambivalent feelings. The album�was, however, stickered in 1990 notes Dave Thompsons The Music Lovers Guide to Record Collecting by the Pacific Northwest chain of Fred Meyer department stores, who gave it the retailers own �Explicit Lyrics warning, despite the fact that the album was wholly instrumental. According to the Lafourche Parish Sheriffs Office, Thursday afternoon Loralyn Boudreaux, of Thibodaux, approached deputies in the 100 block of Waverly Road while they were on an unrelated call and began screaming that a homicide had just occurred at a home nearby. A newly obtained Surprise police report says in August 2009, Velazco was arrested for using meth, that DCS was contacted but that DCS only took information and never investigated. It can be remembered that last March 31, the Sam & Cat actress was likewise a victim of a nude photo scandal.
NUDE PUSSY: Autumn Reeser


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Phnom Penh Post - Interior minister mocks former opposition as 'speakers' not doers
Interior minister mocks former opposition as 'speakers' not doers
Interior Minister Sar Kheng. Heng Chivoan
Interior Minister Sar Kheng on Saturday attacked "a handful of people who had fled the Kingdom" – seemingly Sam Rainsy and other former leaders of the court-dissolved Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) – of "wanting war" and the disruption of the July 29 national elections.
The vice president of the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) said it would not allow any attempt to disrupt the upcoming polls.
Speaking to thousands of supporters at a campaign event in Prey Veng province's Kamchay Mear district on Saturday, Kheng rejected claims that Cambodia had slipped from democracy, saying such accusations came from a small group and one individual who had never cared about the people's fate.
"They know how to speak, but they do not know how to do . . . they have never done anything.
"When our country faced genocide, we don't know where these people were, but when they came [onto the political scene], they only criticised but did nothing. I do not need to name them, perhaps you all know.
"Some of these people who have fled the country only want to have war and for this election to fail in order to have themselves succeed," Kheng said.
He defended the political situation in Cambodia under his party's leadership, saying the Kingdom is on a truly democratic path, in contrast to what is claimed by some.
Kheng spoke to thousands of supporters in Battambang last week and accused an unnamed group of being against the elections and out to disrupt the democratic process.
He said this was a party that participated in the 2013 national elections but rejected the results in an attempt to use other non-democratic means to gain power. "We strongly oppose those who try to block and destroy the elections. We must protect [the polls]," he said.
Former CNRP president Sam Rainsy repeatedly called on people to boycott the July 29 polls after his party was dissolved by the Supreme Court last year, and its leadership banned from political activity for five years after a complaint from the Ministry of Interior.
Sam Kuntheamey, head of the Neutral And Impartial Committee For Free And Fair Elections, said the opposition's calls could not seriously affect the election process or lead to war as they were merely an expression of outrage at the current political situation.
"In other countries when parties have been dissolved, they do all they can to remain in the political arena, and this is all [the CNRP] has left," he said.
Cheam Channy, a former opposition party lawmaker said: "The CNRP has been excluded from the elections so it cannot do anything to disrupt the polls. Everything is dependent on the people . . . because the CNRP cannot provoke or disrupt because we are dissolved.
"And it is not correct to say that the opposition has done nothing because [it aids the democratic process] according to its role. We have helped to alter and correct the mistakes and weaknesses of the government," he said.
Meanwhile, Cambodia's elder statesman Heng Samrin, National Assembly president and honorary president of the CPP, posted on his Facebook page that he had hailed the ruling party's record at a campaign event on Saturday in Tbong Khmum province's Ponhear Krek district.
He said the CPP was politically mature with a long history of leadership attained after the struggle for national liberation.
It had rebuilt the nation over a number of years, he said, before backing Hun Sen's call that all party officials and members maintain its values and achievements through the confidence of the electorate.
"The party president [Hun Sen] has urged all levels of officials to eradicate [personal attacks] and factionalism to better serve the people because whatever affects the interests of the people must strictly be avoided," he said.
Sar Kheng back from France after successful 'surgery', speculations
Sar Kheng's trip to France 'purely personal'
Sar Kheng's personal trip to Paris subject of speculation
Interior minister addresses social media complaints
Sar Kheng: 'Justice has won'
Kheng: Challenges ahead for new National Assembly
Interior Minister Sar Kheng again called on all leaders, civil servants and the national police to avoid partisanship, nepotism and abuse of power after the
Interior Minister Calls on Police Officials to Ignore Politics
Interior Minister Sar Kheng warns of dirty 'tricks'
Equitable Cambodia allowed to reopen
Kheng calls for ageing generals to retire


While grey wolf populations in the northern US still face persecution — from delisting from the Endangered Species List that is leading to court battles to a cull that could wipe out half of Wyoming's wolf population— the Mexican grey wolf may be experiencing a glimmer of hope in the south. Though a plan to reintroduce the species to its historic habitat in Mexico is not without controversy. The Mexican grey wolf, a sub-species of the grey wolf, was essentially wiped out from the southwest by the 1970s. It was listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, and the US has made efforts toward a recovery of the species since then with reintroduction of the species in Arizona and New Mexico starting in 1998. Mexico has a captive breeding program with 66 wolves. And it is from that population that Mexico wants to try reintroducing wolves to the wild.
Though there has been a reintroduction program in the US since 1998, it has not been without problems. Of the 80 reintroduced wolves have have died from 1998 to 2010, 37 were shot illegally (and 12 more hit by vehicles). The program has also of course had its share of controversy with ranchers raising livestock. Concerns over the reintroduction of wolves in Mexico include what effect the reintroduction will have in other areas including the US side of the boarder, as well as how they will be tracked so that they can be monitored and dealt with should they prey on livestock herds within the US.
It would likely take awhile (if ever) before the wolves introduced in Mexico move into the boarder of the 4 million-acre reintroduction area in Arizona and New Mexico as it is located quite a bit north of the border.
The recovery for a top level predator like the wolf is fraught with controversy and conflict with humans. But there are strong efforts underway to bring the population back up to numbers that keep it safe from extinction. There are 47 Mexican Wolf breeding facilities in United States and Mexico — and reintroduction to the wild is the logical next step, wherever it might occur.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Vibrant.Tsdb.Tests.Entries;
using Vibrant.Tsdb.Tests.Model;
using Xunit;

namespace Vibrant.Tsdb.Tests
{
   public abstract class AbstractTypedStorageTests<TStorage> : AbstractStorageTests<TStorage>
     where TStorage : IStorage<string, BasicEntry>, ITypedStorage<BasicEntry, MeasureType>
   {
      [Fact]
      public async Task Should_Read_Grouped()
      {
         var store = GetStorage( "GroupedTable1" );

         foreach( var id in Ids )
         {
            int count = 1000;
            var from = new DateTime( 2015, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc );
            var to = from.AddSeconds( count );
            var written = CreateRows( id, from, count );
            await store.WriteAsync( written );
         }

         var fields = new [] { new AggregatedField( "Value", AggregationFunction.Average ) };
         var result = await store.ReadGroupsAsync( "Temperature", fields, new Dictionary<string, string>(), new[] { "Placement" } );

         await store.DeleteAsync( Ids );

         Assert.Equal( 2, result.Count() );

         var insideResult = result.FindResult( new TagCollection( new[] { new KeyValuePair<string, string>( "Placement", "Inside" ) } ) );
         var outsideResult = result.FindResult( new TagCollection( new[] { new KeyValuePair<string, string>( "Placement", "Outside" ) } ) );

         var insideEntry = insideResult.Entries.FirstOrDefault() as IAggregatableEntry;
         var outsideEntry = outsideResult.Entries.FirstOrDefault() as IAggregatableEntry;

         int seriesCount = 0;
         if( insideEntry != null )
         {
            seriesCount += insideEntry.GetCount();
         }
         if( outsideEntry != null )
         {
            seriesCount += outsideEntry.GetCount();
         }

         Assert.Equal( 7, seriesCount );
      }

      [Fact]
      public async Task Should_Read_Grouped_With_Requirement()
      {
         var store = GetStorage( "GroupedTable2" );

         foreach( var id in Ids )
         {
            int count = 1000;
            var from = new DateTime( 2015, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc );
            var to = from.AddSeconds( count );
            var written = CreateRows( id, from, count );
            await store.WriteAsync( written );
         }

         var fields = new[] { new AggregatedField( "Value", AggregationFunction.Average ) };
         var result = await store.ReadGroupsAsync( "Temperature", fields, new [] { new KeyValuePair<string, string>( "Owner", "ABC") }, new[] { "Placement" } );

         await store.DeleteAsync( Ids );
      }

      [Fact]
      public async Task Should_Read_By_Multiple_Groups()
      {
         var store = GetStorage( "GroupedTable3" );

         foreach( var id in Ids )
         {
            int count = 1000;
            var from = new DateTime( 2015, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc );
            var to = from.AddSeconds( count );
            var written = CreateRows( id, from, count );
            await store.WriteAsync( written );
         }

         var fields = new[] { new AggregatedField( "Value", AggregationFunction.Sum ) };
         var result = await store.ReadGroupsAsync( "Temperature", fields, new Dictionary<string, string>(), new[] { "Placement", "Owner" } );

         await store.DeleteAsync( Ids );
      }
   }
}


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Paris, 1794. The king is dead; the Terror is at its height. Those who oppose the revolution are carted off to the guillotine. Robespierre and his Committee of Public Safety have declared the "Cult of the Supreme Being" the new religion of France. As mysterious disappearances mount, rumors persist that something... unnatural is at work. Role-playing and problem solving stressed.