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Edana Romney (15 March 1919 – 17 December 2002) was a South African actress, writer, and television presenter, based in London and later in Southern California.

Early life and career
Born as Edna Rubenstein in Johannesburg, Edana Romney was of Jewish ancestry, her paternal grandfather being an Irish Jew who had emigrated to South Africa. Romney trained as a dancer from an early age and made her performing debut in Johannesburg in 1930, the year she turned eleven. Relocating to London, Romney - then 14 - successfully auditioned for the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA), claiming to be the eligibility age of 16, and won a scholarship to study at RADA in 1935 and 1936.

After leaving RADA, Romney acted mostly in UK regional theatre productions, including the Prince's Theatre, Bristol production of the Matheson Lang play The Matador in 1936. She appeared in the West End production of James Bridie's Tobias and the Angel at St Martin's Theatre in 1938. In the same year she performed in the Regent's Park Open Air productions of Tobias and the Angel and as Titania in A Midsummer Night's Dream.

The first of Romney's occasional screen acting roles was a reprise of her theatrical role in a 1939 BBC Television version of Tobias and the Angel. She made her feature film debut in East of Piccadilly (1941), playing the small but pivotal role of the victim murdered in the film's opening sequence.

Corridor of Mirrors and subsequent career
Although her second film role, in Alibi (1942), was only incidental, Romney formed a production company with the film's screenwriter Rudolph Cartier. The partnership acquired the rights to the 1941 Chris Massey novel Corridor of Mirrors for which Cartier and Romney co-wrote a screenplay which they sought to have filmed with Romney as lead actress - a project which would take almost seven years to come to fruition. According to Romney, several film studios wished to purchase the screenplay but were not interested in Romney as star. It was also the intention of Cartier and Romney that Cartier would direct the film.

Corridor of Mirrors was eventually shot in 1947 after Cartier and Romney financed a showreel of Romney in scenes planned for the film, which lured top matinee idol Eric Portman onboard the production to act as Romney's leading man. Corridor of Mirrors saw the directorial debut of Terence Young - Cartier being disqualified as director due to trade union objections - and the film was released in 1948 to reasonable critical and commercial success.

In November 1949, it was announced that Romney would again star in a film for which she wrote the screenplay, Romney being set to play French tragedienne Rachel in a biopic entitled The Magnificent Upstart to be directed by William Dieterle who had helmed the box office hit Love Letters (1945) adapted from the Chris Massey novel Pity My Simplicity. However, the Rachel biopic was never made, and Romney's acting career after Corridor of Mirrors comprised only four television roles in the 1950s. Two of these were Sunday Night Theatre episodes for the BBC directed by Rudolph Cartier, with Romney playing the leads in the series' versions of That Lady in 1954 and Dark Victory in 1956.

Romney appeared regularly as a television personality: she presented Is This Your Problem? (1955-1957), a BBC panel discussion programme about "delicate" women's issues, such as unexpected pregnancy and unhappiness as housewives. She also wrote a weekly newspaper advice column as a tie-in to the television show. She also hosted a radio show, "Edana Romney's World" and gave talks at women's groups based on her role as a "lovelorn counselor".

Personal life
In 1946, Romney became the second wife of the film producer John Woolf; the couple divorced in 1955. By the 1960s, Romney had relocated to California and was established as a high-profile Beverly Hills hostess living at John Barrymore's one-time mansion "The Hacienda", where her "Twelfth Night" parties were of especial note. Edana Romney died in 2002, aged 83, in Santa Maria, California. There is a collection of her papers archived at the University of Southern California.

In popular culture
In 2022, Romney was portrayed by Sian Clifford in the British-American film See How They Run.

Selected filmography
 East of Piccadilly (1941)
 Alibi (1942)
 Corridor of Mirrors (1948)

References

External links

Edana Romney's listing at BFI

1919 births
2002 deaths
20th-century British screenwriters
Actresses from Johannesburg
British film actresses
British Jews
British stage actresses
South African emigrants to the United Kingdom
South African expatriates in England
South African film actresses
South African Jews


This article is about the 18th-century American activist and artisan. For other uses, see Paul Revere (disambiguation).
Paul Revere (/rɪˈvɪər/; December 21, 1734 O.S. (January 1, 1735 N.S.) – May 10, 1818[N 1]) was an American silversmith, engraver, early industrialist, and Patriot in the American Revolution. He is best known for his midnight ride to alert the colonial militia in April 1775 to the approach of British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord, as dramatized in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem, "Paul Revere's Ride" (1861).
Revere's father died in 1754, when Paul was legally too young to officially be the master of the family silver shop. In February 1756, during the French and Indian War (the North American theater of the Seven Years' War), he enlisted in the provincial army. Possibly he made this decision because of the weak economy, since army service promised consistent pay. Commissioned a second lieutenant in a provincial artillery regiment, he spent the summer at Fort William Henry at the southern end of Lake George in New York as part of an abortive plan for the capture of Fort St. Frédéric. He did not stay long in the army, but returned to Boston and assumed control of the silver shop in his own name. On August 4, 1757, he married Sarah Orne (1736–1773); their first child was born eight months later. He and Sarah had eight children, but two died young, and only one, Mary, survived her father.
In 1770 Revere purchased a house on North Square in Boston's North End. Now a museum, the house provided space for his growing family while he continued to maintain his shop at nearby Clark's Wharf. Sarah died in 1773, and on October 10 of that year, Revere married Rachel Walker (1745–1813). They had eight children, three of whom died young.
He rode to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in December 1774 upon rumors of an impending landing of British troops there, a journey known in history as the Portsmouth Alarm. Although the rumors were false, his ride sparked a rebel success by provoking locals to raid Fort William and Mary, defended by just six soldiers, for its gunpowder supply.
"The British are coming" redirects here. For the Weezer song, see The British Are Coming (song).
When British Army activity on April 7, 1775, suggested the possibility of troop movements, Joseph Warren sent Revere to warn the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, then sitting in Concord, the site of one of the larger caches of Patriot military supplies. After receiving the warning, Concord residents began moving the military supplies away from the town.
Riding through present-day Somerville, Medford, and Arlington, Revere warned patriots along his route, many of whom set out on horseback to deliver warnings of their own. By the end of the night there were probably as many as 40 riders throughout Middlesex County carrying the news of the army's advance. Revere did not shout the phrase later attributed to him ("The British are coming!"): his mission depended on secrecy, the countryside was filled with British army patrols, and most of the Massachusetts colonists (who were predominantly English in ethnic origin) still considered themselves British. Revere's warning, according to eyewitness accounts of the ride and Revere's own descriptions, was "The Regulars are coming out." Revere arrived in Lexington around midnight, with Dawes arriving about a half-hour later. They met with Samuel Adams and John Hancock, who were spending the night with Hancock's relatives (in what is now called the Hancock–Clarke House), and they spent a great deal of time discussing plans of action upon receiving the news. They believed that the forces leaving the city were too large for the sole task of arresting two men and that Concord was the main target. The Lexington men dispatched riders to the surrounding towns, and Revere and Dawes continued along the road to Concord accompanied by Samuel Prescott, a doctor who happened to be in Lexington "returning from a lady friend's house at the awkward hour of 1 a.m."
Revere remained politically active throughout his life. His business plans in the late 1780s were often stymied by a shortage of adequate money in circulation. Alexander Hamilton's national policies regarding banks and industrialization exactly matched his dreams, and he became an ardent Federalist committed to building a robust economy and a powerful nation. Of particular interest to Revere was the question of protective tariffs; he and his son sent a petition to Congress in 1808 asking for protection for his sheet copper business. He continued to participate in local discussions of political issues even after his retirement in 1811, and in 1814 circulated a petition offering the government the services of Boston's artisans in protecting Boston during the War of 1812. Revere died on May 10, 1818, at the age of 83, at his home on Charter Street in Boston. He is buried in the Granary Burying Ground on Tremont Street.
Contrary to popular belief, Revere and Dawes were not the only riders; however, they were the only two to be noted in the poem. Samuel Prescott and Israel Bissell were also tasked to undertake the mission, Bissell being the person to ride the farthest distance of all.
^ Forcing private citizens to quarter soldiers in their homes would be one of the grievances enumerated in the United States Declaration of Independence—[The King] "has combined with others to subject us to a Jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unacknowledged by our Laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: For quartering large Bodies of Armed Troops among us:..."—and the framers of the United States Constitution restricted the practice in the Third Amendment of the Bill of Rights.
^ Gill 1891, pp. 10–11.
^ Triber 1998, pp. 7–9.
^ Triber 1998, pp. 14–16.
^ Triber 1998, pp. 21–22.
^ Triber 1998, pp. 38–43.
^ Triber 1998, pp. 46–47.
^ Goss 1891, pp. 1:112–115.
^ Triber 1998, pp. 71–72.
^ Forbes 1999, pp. 485–487.
^ Goss 1891, pp. 1:83–100.
^ Fischer 1994, pp. 52–57.
^ Fischer 1994, pp. 75–76.
^ Brooks 1999, pp. 37–38.
^ Brooks 1999, pp. 41–42.
^ Brooks 1999, pp. 42–44.
^ Fischer 1994, pp. 131–132, 144.
^ Fischer 1994, pp. 133–136, 142–148.
^ Miller 2010, pp. 198–200.
^ Fischer 1994, pp. 138–145.
^ Triber 1998, pp. 103–111.
^ Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth (April 19, 1860). "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere". Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
^ Miller 2010, pp. 201–208.
^ Gettemy 1906, pp. 148–151.
^ Gettemy 1906, pp. 152–153.
^ Triber 1998, pp. 134–135.
^ Triber 1998, pp. 135–136.
^ Miller 2010, pp. 224–225.
^ Miller 2010, pp. 234–236.
^ a b Triber 1998, pp. 136–138.
^ Miller 2010, pp. 238–239.
^ Martello 2010, pp. 107–110.
^ Martello 2010, pp. 111–114.
^ Martello 2010, pp. 151–155.
^ Martello 2010, pp. 168–171.
^ Martello 2010, pp. 179–184.
^ Martello 2010, pp. 331–332.
^ "About the Revere Copper Company". Revere Copper Company. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
^ "Metropolitan Museum of Art Search for Paul Revere". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
^ a b "Patriot's Day Events". National Lancers Foundation. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
^ "Paul Revere Apartments". Retrieved 20 April 2016.
^ "U.S. Savings Bond Images". United States Treasury. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
^ "Steve Martin Talks About His Fourth Of July Song". All Things Considered. NPR. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
Brooks, Victor (1999). The Boston Campaign: April 1775–March 1776. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing. ISBN 978-0-585-23453-3.
McDonald, Forrest; McDonald, Ellen (April 1980). "The Ethnic Origins of the American People, 1790". The William and Mary Quarterly. Third. 37 (2): 179–199. JSTOR 1919495.
Murrin, John M.; et al. (2002) . Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877. Florence, Kentucky: Wadsworth–Thomson Learning.
United States, National Archives and Records Service. Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paul Revere.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Revere, Paul" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Puritanism in this sense was founded as an activist movement within the Church of England. The founders, clergy exiled under Mary I, returned to England shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1558, Puritanism played a significant role in English history during the first half of the 17th century. One of the most effective stokers of anti-Catholic feeling was John Pym, Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within and were severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion. They took on distinctive beliefs about clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system and they largely adopted Sabbatarianism in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism. Consequently, they became a political force in England and came to power as a result of the First English Civil War. Almost all Puritan clergy left the Church of England after the Restoration of 1660, the nature of the movement in England changed radically, although it retained its character for a much longer period in New England.
Puritans by definition were dissatisfied with the extent of the English Reformation. They formed and identified with various groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology and, in sense, were Calvinists. In church polity, some advocated separation from all other established Christian denominations in favor of autonomous gathered churches. The Puritans were never a formally defined sect or religious division within Protestantism, the Congregationalist tradition, widely considered to be a part of the Reformed tradition, claims descent from the Puritans. Historically, the word Puritan was considered a term that characterized Protestant groups as extremists. According to Thomas Fuller in his Church History, the dates to 1564. Archbishop Matthew Parker of that used it and precisian with the sense of the modern stickler. In modern times, the word puritan is often used to mean against pleasure, in this sense, the term Puritan was coined in the 1560s, when it first appeared as a term of abuse for those who found the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559 inadequate.
The Boston Massacre, known as the Incident on King Street by the British, was an incident on March 5,1770, in which British Army soldiers shot and killed people while under attack by a mob. The incident was publicized by leading Patriots, such as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams. Amid ongoing tense relations between the population and the soldiers, a mob formed around a British sentry, who was subjected to verbal abuse and he was eventually supported by eight additional soldiers, who were subjected to verbal threats and snowballs. Spontaneously they fired into the crowd, instantly killing three demonstrators, two died later. The crowd eventually dispersed after Acting Governor Thomas Hutchinson promised an inquiry, eight soldiers, one officer, and four civilians were arrested and charged with murder. Defended by lawyer and future American president John Adams, six of the soldiers were acquitted, the capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and an important shipping town, was a major center of resistance to unpopular acts of taxation by the British Parliament in the 1760s.
In 1768, the Townshend Acts were placed upon the colonists, by which a variety of items that were manufactured in Britain. Colonists objected that the Townshend Acts were a violation of the natural, the Massachusetts House of Representatives began a campaign against the Townshend Acts by sending a petition to King George III asking for the repeal of the Townshend Revenue Act. In Great Britain, Lord Hillsborough, who had recently appointed to the newly created office of Colonial Secretary, was alarmed by the actions of the Massachusetts House. In April 1768 he sent a letter to the governors in America. He ordered Massachusetts Governor Francis Bernard to direct the Massachusetts House to rescind the letter. Bostons chief customs officer, Charles Paxton, wrote to Hillsborough, commodore Samuel Hood responded by sending the fifty-gun warship HMS Romney, which arrived in Boston Harbor in May 1768. On June 10,1768, customs officials seized Liberty, a sloop owned by leading Boston merchant John Hancock, already angry because the captain of Romney had been impressing local sailors, began to riot.
The Townshend Acts were a series of acts passed – beginning in 1767 – by of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America. The acts are named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Townshend Acts were met with resistance in the colonies, prompting the occupation of Boston by British troops in 1768, which eventually resulted in the Boston Massacre of 1770. As a result of widespread protest in the American colonies, Parliament began to repeal the Townshend duties. Most of the new taxes were repealed, but the tax on tea was retained, the British government continued in its attempt to tax the colonists without their consent and the American Revolution followed. Following the Seven Years War, the British Empire was deep in debt, to help pay some of the costs of the newly expanded empire, the British Parliament decided to levy new taxes on the colonies of British America. Previously, through the Trade and Navigation Acts, Parliament had used taxation to regulate the trade of the empire, but with the Sugar Act of 1764, Parliament sought, for the first time, to tax the colonies for the specific purpose of raising revenue.
American colonists argued that there were constitutional issues involved, the Americans claimed they were not represented in Parliament but the British government retorted they had virtual representation, a concept the Americans rejected. This issue, only briefly debated following the Sugar Act, became a point of contention following Parliaments passage of the 1765 Stamp Act. The Stamp Act proved to be unpopular in the colonies, contributing to its repeal the following year. Implicit in the Stamp Act dispute was a more fundamental than taxation and representation. The first of the Townshend Acts, sometimes known as the Townshend Act, was the Revenue Act of 1767. This act represented the Chatham ministrys new approach for generating tax revenue in the American colonies after the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766. With this in mind, Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, devised a plan that placed new duties on paper, lead and tea that were imported into the colonies. These were items that were not produced in North America and that the colonists were allowed to buy from Great Britain.
Printed materials included legal documents, playing cards and many other types of paper used throughout the colonies. Like previous taxes, the tax had to be paid in valid British currency. The purpose of the tax was to pay for troops stationed in North America after the British victory in the Seven Years War and its North American theater of the French. The Americans said that there was no military need for the soldiers there were no foreign enemies on the continent. They suggested that it was actually a matter of British patronage to surplus British officers, the Stamp Act was very unpopular among colonists. A consensus considered it a violation of their rights as Englishmen to be taxed without their consent—consent that only the colonial legislatures could grant and their slogan was No taxation without representation. Colonial assemblies sent petitions and protests, the Stamp Act Congress held in New York City was the first significant joint colonial response to any British measure, it petitioned Parliament and the King.
Local protest groups led by merchants and landowners established connections through Committees of Correspondence. Protests and demonstrations initiated by a new organization called the Sons of Liberty often turned violent. Very soon, all stamp tax distributors were intimidated into resigning their commissions, opposition to the Stamp Act was not limited to the colonies. British merchants and manufacturers, whose exports to the colonies were threatened by colonial boycotts, the Act was repealed on March 18,1766 as a matter of expedience, but Parliament affirmed its power to legislate for the colonies in all cases whatsoever by passing the Declaratory Act. There followed a series of new taxes and regulations, likewise opposed by the colonists, the British victory in the Seven Years War, known in America as the French and Indian War, had been won only at a great financial cost. During the war, the British national debt increased more than fourfold, the primary reason for retaining such a large force was that demobilizing the army would put 1,500 officers out of work, many of whom were well-connected in Parliament.
They promote Britains wider interests, support international peacekeeping efforts, and provide humanitarian aid. Repeatedly emerging victorious from conflicts has allowed Britain to establish itself as one of the leading military. The Commander-in-chief of the British Armed Forces is the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, the UK Parliament approves the continued existence of the armed forces by passing an Armed Forces Act at least once every five years, as required by the Bill of Rights 1689. The armed forces are managed by the Defence Council of the Ministry of Defence, with the Acts of Union 1707, the armed forces of England and Scotland were merged into the armed forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain. Britain feared that Russian expansionism in the region would eventually threaten the Empire in India and this ultimately led to British involvement in the Crimean War against the Russian Empire. The beginning of the twentieth century served to reduce tensions between Britain and the Russian Empire, partly due to the emergence of a unified German Empire.
Allied victory resulted in the defeat of the Central Powers, the end of the German Empire, the Treaty of Versailles, once again tensions accumulated in European relations, and following Germanys invasion of Poland in September 1939, the Second World War began. The conflict was the most widespread in British history, with British Empire and Commonwealth troops fighting in campaigns from Europe and North Africa, to the Middle East, approximately 390,000 British Empire and Commonwealth troops lost their lives. Allied victory resulted in the defeat of the Axis powers and the establishment of the United Nations, reflecting Britains new role in the world and the escalation of the Cold War, the country became a founding member of the NATO military alliance in 1949. By the mid-1970s, the forces had reconfigured to focus on the responsibilities allocated to them by NATO. While NATO obligations took increased prominence, Britain nonetheless found itself engaged in a number of low-intensity conflicts, however the Dhofar Rebellion and The Troubles emerged as the primary operational concerns of the armed forces.
Perhaps the most important conflict during the Cold War, at least in the context of British defence policy, was the Falklands War. Since the end of the Cold War, an international role for the armed forces has been pursued, with re-structuring to deliver a greater focus on expeditionary warfare. In addition to the campaign, the British Army has trained and supplied allies on the ground. Figures released by the Ministry of Defence on 31 March 2016 show that 7,185 British Armed Forces personnel have lost their lives in medal earning theatres since the end of the Second World War. As Sovereign and head of state, Queen Elizabeth II is Head of the Armed Forces, the Queen, remains the ultimate authority of the military, with officers and personnel swearing allegiance to the monarch. It has been claimed that this includes the power to prevent unconstitutional use of the armed forces, responsibility for the management of the forces is delegated to a number of committees, the Defence Council, Chiefs of Staff Committee, Defence Management Board and three single-service boards.
Thomas Hutchinson was a businessman, and a prominent Loyalist politician of the Province of Massachusetts Bay in the years before the American Revolution. He has been referred to as the most important figure on the loyalist side in pre-Revolutionary Massachusetts and he was a successful merchant and politician, and was active at high levels of the Massachusetts government for many years, serving as lieutenant governor and governor from 1758 to 1774. He was blamed by Lord North for being a significant contributor to the tensions led the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. Hutchinsons Boston mansion was ransacked in 1765 during protests against the Stamp Act, as acting governor in 1770, he exposed himself to mob attack in the aftermath of the Boston massacre, after which he ordered the removal of troops from Boston to Castle William. Letters of his calling for abridgement of colonial rights were published in 1773 and he was replaced as governor in May 1774 by General Thomas Gage, and went into exile in England, where he advised the government on how to deal with the Americans.
Hutchinson had a deep interest in history, collecting a large number of historical documents. He wrote a three volume History of the Province of Massachusetts Bay whose last volume, published posthumously, covered his own period in office, historian Bernard Bailyn wrote of Hutchinson, If there was one person in America whose actions might have altered the outcome, it was he. Hutchinson exemplifies the Loyalist-as-loser, paralyzed by his ideology and his loyalties to America. He sacrificed his love for Massachusetts to his loyalty to Great Britain. Thomas Hutchinson was born on 9 September 1711 in the North End of Boston and he was descended from early New England settlers, including Anne Hutchinson and her son Edward Hutchinson, and his parents were both from well-to-do merchant families. His father was involved in the mercantile trade but was active in political, military. Young Thomas entered Harvard College at twelve, graduating in 1727 and his father introduced him to the business world early, and he displayed remarkable business acumen.
Paul Reveres Ride is a poem by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow that commemorates the actions of American patriot Paul Revere on April 18,1775, although with significant inaccuracies. It was first published in the January 1861 issue of The Atlantic Monthly and it was retitled The Landlords Tale in the collection Tales of a Wayside Inn. The poem is spoken by the landlord of the Wayside Inn, in the poem, Revere tells a friend to prepare signal lanterns in the Old North Church to inform him if the British will attack by land or sea. He would await the signal across the river in Charlestown and be ready to spread the alarm throughout Middlesex County, the unnamed friend climbs up the steeple and soon sets up two signal lanterns, informing Revere that the British are coming by sea. Revere rides his horse through Medford and Concord to warn the patriots, Longfellow was inspired to write the poem after visiting the Old North Church and climbing its tower on April 5,1860. He began writing the poem the next day and it was first published in the January 1861 issue of The Atlantic Monthly.
It was re-published in Longfellows Tales of a Wayside Inn as The Landlords Tale in 1863. The poem served as the first in a series of 22 narratives bundled as a collection, similar to Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, Longfellows family had a connection to the historical Paul Revere. His maternal grandfather, Peleg Wadsworth, was Reveres commander on the Penobscot Expedition, when the poem was written in 1860, America was on the verge of Civil War. Longfellow first came forward publicly as an abolitionist in 1842 with the publication of his Poems on Slavery. Paul Reveres Ride was published in the January,1861, issue of the The Atlantic magazine on December 20,1860, the poem was meant to appeal to Northerners sense of urgency and, as a call for action, noted that history favors the courageous. By emphasizing common history, he was attempting to dissolve social tensions, the phrase Hardly a man is now alive was true as one of the last men alive at the time had only recently died. Jonathan Harrington, the young fifer for Lexingtons militia during the battles of Lexington and Concord, died at the age of 96 in 1854, Longfellows poem is not historically accurate but his mistakes were deliberate.
The North End is a neighborhood of Boston, United States. It has the distinction of being the citys oldest residential community, though small, only 0.36 square miles, the neighborhood has nearly one hundred establishments and a variety of tourist attractions. It is known for its Italian American population and fine Italian restaurants, the district is a pending Boston Landmark. The North End as a community of Boston was evident as early as 1646. Three years later, the area had a large population to support its own church. The construction of the building led to the development of the area now known as North Square. Increase Mather, the minister of the North Meeting House, was an influential and his home, the meeting house, and surrounding buildings were destroyed by a fire in 1676. The meeting house was soon afterwards. The Paul Revere House was constructed on the site of the Mather House, part of Copps Hill was converted to a cemetery, called the North Burying Ground. The earliest grave markers located in the date back to 1661.
The North End became a place to live in the 18th century. Wealthy families shared the neighborhood with artisans, laborers, two brick townhouses from this period still stand, the Pierce-Hichborn House and the Ebenezer Clough House on Unity Street. The Christ Church, now known as the Old North Church, was constructed during this time and it is the oldest surviving church building in Boston. In 1770, 11-year-old Christopher Seider was part of a crowd that attacked the home of a Customs Office employee. The employee, Ebenezer Richardson, fired a gun into the crowd, during the Siege of Boston, the North Meeting House was dismantled by the British for use as firewood. In the first half of the 19th century, the North End experienced a significant amount of commercial development and this activity was concentrated on Commercial and Lewis Streets. During this time the neighborhood developed a red-light district, known as the Black Sea, by the late 1840s, living conditions in the crowded North End were among the worst in the city.
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19,1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Lincoln and Cambridge, near Boston. The battles marked the outbreak of armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen of its colonies on the mainland of British America. In late 1774 the Suffolk Resolves were adopted to resist the enforcement of the made to the Massachusetts colonial government by the British parliament following the Boston Tea Party. The colonial assembly responded by forming a Patriot provisional government known as the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, the rebel government exercised effective control of the colony outside of British-controlled Boston. In response, the British government in February 1775 declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion, through effective intelligence gathering, Patriot colonials had received word weeks before the expedition that their supplies might be at risk and had moved most of them to other locations.
They received details about British plans on the night before the battle and were able to notify the area militias of the British expedition. The first shots were fired just as the sun was rising at Lexington, the militia were outnumbered and fell back, and the regulars proceeded on to Concord, where they broke apart into companies to search for the supplies. At the North Bridge in Concord, approximately 400 militiamen engaged 100 regulars from three companies of the Kings troops at about 11,00 am, resulting in casualties on both sides. The outnumbered regulars fell back from the bridge and rejoined the body of British forces in Concord. The British forces began their march to Boston after completing their search for military supplies. Gunfire erupted again between the two sides and continued throughout the day as the regulars marched back towards Boston, upon returning to Lexington, Lt. Col. Smiths expedition was rescued by reinforcements under Brigadier General Hugh Percy, a future duke of Northumberland known as Earl Percy.
The combined force, now of about 1,700 men, marched back to Boston under heavy fire in a tactical withdrawal, the accumulated militias blockaded the narrow land accesses to Charlestown and Boston, starting the Siege of Boston. Ralph Waldo Emerson, in his Concord Hymn, described the first shot fired by the Patriots at the North Bridge as the shot heard round the world, Gages plan was to avoid conflict by removing military supplies from Whig militias using small and rapid strikes. This struggle for supplies led to one British success and several rebel successes in a series of nearly bloodless conflicts known as the Powder Alarms. Gage considered himself to be a friend of liberty and attempted to separate his duties as Governor of the colony, edmund Burke described Gages conflicted relationship with Massachusetts by saying in Parliament, An Englishman is the unfittest person on Earth to argue another Englishman into slavery. The colonists had been forming militias since the 17th century, initially for local defense against Indian attacks and these forces saw action in the French and Indian War between 1754 and 1763 when they fought alongside British regulars.
This stamp was one of a set of three issued in 1925. The poem on the plaques is by Ralph Waldo Emerson.
A modern reproduction of an 1805 poster commemorating the Battle of Trafalgar.
The Vulcan Bomber was the mainstay of Britain's airborne nuclear capability for much of the Cold War.
Welsh Guards Trooping the Colour.
Birthplace of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Portland, Maine, c. 1910; the house was demolished in 1955.
Mary Storer Potter became Longfellow's first wife in 1831 and died four years later.
After a seven-year courtship, Longfellow married Frances Appleton in 1843.
"Paul Revere's Ride" was first published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1861.
Paul Revere (1940) by Cyrus Edwin Dallin, North End, Boston, Massachusetts. The Old North Church is visible in the background.
Sir John Moore served under Francis McLean as a Lt. in the 82nd Regiment.
A 1774 etching from The London Magazine, copied by Paul Revere of Boston. Prime Minister Lord North, author of the Boston Port Act, forces the Intolerable Acts down the throat of America, whose arms are restrained by Lord Chief Justice Mansfield, while Lord Sandwich pins down her feet and peers up her robes. Behind them, Mother Britannia weeps helplessly.
Montcalm trying to stop Native Americans from attacking British soldiers and civilians as they leave Fort William Henry. Wood engraving by Alfred Bobbett after a painting of Felix Octavius Carr Darley. Published between 1870 and 1880.
Lake George from the village of Lake George at the southern end.
John Adams (portrait by Charles Willson Peale) was opposed to Hutchinson's ascent to the highest judicial post in the province.
This famous depiction of the event was engraved by Paul Revere (copied from an engraving by Henry Pelham), colored by Christian Remick, and printed by Benjamin Edes. The Old State House is depicted in the background.
View of the Old State House, Boston, Massachusetts, the seat of British colonial government from 1713 to 1776. The Boston Massacre took place in front of the balcony, and the site is now marked by a cobblestone circle in the square (photo 2009).
Charles Townshend spearheaded the laws, but died before their detrimental effects became apparent.
Castle Cornet seen at night over the harbour of St Peter Port.
An artistic interpretation of Chief Pontiac by John Mix Stanley. No authentic images of the chief are known to exist.
Silver goblet presented to the Tsar of Russia by John III Sobieski King of Poland, 17th century, over 1 meter height.
Paul Revere with a silver teapot and some of his engraving tools.
1st row: Samuel Adams • Benedict Arnold • John Hancock • Patrick Henry • James Otis, Jr.


A case full of comedic misunderstandings and crime come together in the first show of a new season by Market Harborough Drama Society.
The classic Ray Cooney farce Funny Money will be performed at Harborough Theatre from Monday October 26 to Saturday October 31.
It tells the story of Henry Perkins who realises he's picked up the wrong briefcase on his way home from work.
What he has ended up with is not his gloves, scarf and a cheese and chutney sandwich, but a large amount of cash.
That amount of money, in a briefcase, can only be the product of crime but it could be the start of a new life for Henry and his wife, Jean.
Jean is not so keen, it's Henry's birthday, there's a chicken in the oven and their friends Vic and Betty are on their way round.
A knock on the door signals the start of confusion, panic and more confusion. Who is the foreign stranger and what is a brefcurse?
Harborough Theatre in the centre of the market town has recently undergone a refurbishment to create a multi-purpose lounge and studio space which will enhance the facilities available to all visitors. With flexible stage, lighting audio-visual equipment it is hoped the space will be a valuable asset to the community for years to come.
Funny Money is the first of several productions the group will bring to Harborough Theatre. The group will also perform Blithe Spirit before the end of the year. They will also perform Alan Bennett and Harold Pinter plays in the new year.
Evening performances start at 7.45pm alongside a matinee performances on the show's final day starting at 2.30pm.
Tickets cost from £8 and can be booked by visiting www.harboroughtheatre.com/available-online-bookings. They can also be bought from the theatre on Tuesday and Saturday mornings between 9.30am and 11.30am.


In 2012, CITRIS Aviation launched at UC Merced with the opening of the MESA Lab (for Mechatronics, Embedded Systems, and Automation, a multidisciplinary collaborative space that focuses heavily on airborne research: building, flying, and modifying unmanned aerial systems (UAS) as well as aerial crop monitoring and analysis make up a large part of ongoing projects.
The UC Merced campus is distinguished as the UC Center of Excellence on Unmanned Aircraft System Safety, offering expertise and ensuring regulatory compliance for UAS operations within the entire University of California system. The Center is authorized to grant certain forms of approval for UAS operations in the US via the Federal Aviation Administration.
Since then, CITRIS Aviation has expanded to UC Davis, which launched a Drone Training Academy for high school students in 2018. Taught by a FAA-approved pilot, the Drone Academy aims to expose underrepresented youth to STEM fields. UC Davis is also developing its own drone testing field.


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text:
U.S. Suicide Rates Are the Highest They've Been Since World War II
By Jamie Ducharme
U.S. suicide rates are at their highest since World War II, according to federal data—and the opioid crisis, widespread social media use and high rates of stress may be among the myriad contributing factors.
In 2017, 14 out of every 100,000 Americans died by suicide, according to a new analysis released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. That's a 33% increase since 1999, and the highest age-adjusted suicide rate recorded in the U.S. since 1942. (Rates were even higher during the Great Depression, hitting a century peak of 21.9 in 1932.)
"I don't think there's a one-size-fits all reason" since there's almost never a single cause of suicide, says Jill Harkavy-Friedman, vice president of research at the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, a nonprofit that supports suicide prevention research, education and policy. "I don't think there's something you can pinpoint, but I do think a period of increased stress and a lack of a sense of security may be contributing."
It's even more difficult to assign causes to the uptick, Harkavy-Friedman says, because it's happening across diverse demographic groups. Men have historically died by suicide more frequently than women, and that's still true: As of 2017, the male suicide rate was more than three times higher than the female rate. But female suicide rates are rising more quickly—by 53% since 1999, compared to 26% for men—and the gap is narrowing. For both genders, suicide rates are highest among American Indians and Alaska natives, compared to other ethnicities, and when the data are broken down by age group, the most suicide deaths are reported among people ages 45 to 64—but nearly every ethnic and age group saw an increase of some size from 1999 to 2017.
Youth suicide is becoming an especially pressing problem, with rates rising more rapidly among boys and girls ages 10 to 14 than in any other age group. A separate research letter published June 18 in JAMA found that youth suicide rates are at their highest point since at least 2000.
The JAMA letter doesn't identify causes of the youth uptick, but first author Oren Miron, a research associate in biomedical informatics at Harvard Medical School, has two theories.
Opioid use, he says, has been shown to drive suicidal behavior among drug users and their children and families, and so recent high rates of drug abuse and overdose may be tied to rising suicide rates. The opioid epidemic may harm entire communities' mental health, Miron says. "The entire community is bleeding. Kids see less of a future, they see more of their friends dying," Miron says. "This might give us just one more reason to crack down on" substance misuse.
His second theory is that social media may be contributing to rising suicide rates, particularly for young people. "We know that now it's used in younger ages and more intensively, and we also see some new apps that allow more anonymity, which in turn allows more bullying and more kids talking about suicide without their parents knowing," he says. Heavy social media use may also lead to fewer meaningful in-person interactions—which can protect against mental health issues and suicidal behavior—and encourage unhealthy comparison with others.
One other possibility, says Harkavy-Friedman, is that suicide may be better reported and identified today than in years past, as people pay closer attention to mental health issues.
Though suicide is always complicated at both the individual and national levels, help is available. Experts encourage those struggling with suicidal thoughts to confide in a trusted friend or family member, speak with a health care provider, or seek care at an emergency room in cases of immediate danger.
If you or someone you know may be contemplating suicide, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 or text HOME to 741741 to reach the Crisis Text Line. In emergencies, call 911, or seek care from a local hospital or mental health provider.
Get our Health Newsletter. Sign up to receive the latest health and science news, plus answers to wellness questions and expert tips.
Write to Jamie Ducharme at jamie.ducharme@time.com.
Even the Pandemic Hasn't Made Public-Health Icon Paul Farmer Lose Hope
Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccine Approval the Most Globally Important

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Benching Of Santonio Holmes… A Jets player reportedly told the Newark Star Ledger that Offensive coordinator Brian Schottenheimer benched Holmes because he had simply "had enough". The player said, ".. He quit. It's happened for the past two to three weeks. It's happened all season." He wasn't even on the field for the last critical two minutes of the game. Holmes has not produced well this year as he finished with his lowest receiving yardage of his career! This after he signed a 5 year- $45 million dollar contract five months ago.


text:
package com.google.gerrit.server.query.change;

import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.client.Change;
import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.server.ReviewDb;
import com.google.gerrit.server.query.OperatorPredicate;
import com.google.gwtorm.server.OrmException;
import com.google.inject.Provider;

abstract class SortKeyPredicate extends OperatorPredicate<ChangeData> {
  protected final Provider<ReviewDb> dbProvider;

  SortKeyPredicate(Provider<ReviewDb> dbProvider, String name, String value) {
    super(name, value);
    this.dbProvider = dbProvider;
  }

  @Override
  public int getCost() {
    return 1;
  }

  static class Before extends SortKeyPredicate {
    Before(Provider<ReviewDb> dbProvider, String value) {
      super(dbProvider, "sortkey_before", value);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean match(ChangeData cd) throws OrmException {
      Change change = cd.change(dbProvider);
      return change != null && change.getSortKey().compareTo(getValue()) < 0;
    }
  }

  static class After extends SortKeyPredicate {
    After(Provider<ReviewDb> dbProvider, String value) {
      super(dbProvider, "sortkey_after", value);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean match(ChangeData cd) throws OrmException {
      Change change = cd.change(dbProvider);
      return change != null && change.getSortKey().compareTo(getValue()) > 0;
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home » Update on Residential Property Development Tax – application to Registered Providers
Update on Residential Property Development Tax – application to Registered Providers
The social housing sector will no doubt welcome the recent clarification on the application of the new Residential Property Developer Tax.
We recently commented on the draft legislation Residential Property Developer Tax in an article by Inside Housing ("Some Housing Associations could be "in scope" of new cladding tax, lawyers warn" – 24 September 2021). Since the publication of that article, the position of Registered Providers (RPs) has been clarified.
Whilst the consultation had set out an intention to exclude non-profit housing associations from the scope of the tax, the draft legislation was not sufficiently clear and our view was that the exclusion should be made explicit.
Following ongoing engagement with the sector, the Government has since amended the draft legislation.
We have summarised these changes below:
Non-Profit housing companies are specifically excluded from the tax
The definition of residential property developer (referred to as "RP Developer" in the draft legislation) has been amended so as to specifically exclude non-profit housing companies.
"Non-profit housing companies" are defined in section 2(2) of the draft legislation and include, non-profit registered providers of social housing and their wholly-owned subsidiaries.
This clarification is helpful as it makes it explicit that non-profit housing associations and their taxable (wholly owned) subsidiaries are to be excluded by the tax.
It would appear, however, that for-profit housing associations will continue to be caught by the tax if their profits exceed the tax-free allowance.
Given the recent rise in the number of pension and equity funds investing in for-profit housing associations, we will need to see how much this affects the supply of housing.
We expect the final details of the tax, including the rate of the tax and the taxable threshold to be announced in the Autumn Budget. How this tax is ultimately received by investors will depend very much on these figures.
What about Build to Rent?
The Government has decided that Build to Rent (BTR) activity should not be in scope of the tax for the time being. Whilst ministers can see a case for profits from BTR activities to be included in the tax, it seems that there was no clear solution to the complexities around BTR developers having to pay a "dry tax" on unrealised profits (as the model requires holding the asset as an investment as opposed to building to sell); a prospect that has met a lot of resistance during consultation. As such, profits from BTR activity will not be taxable under the new regime, which will come as welcome news to the sector.
The Residential Developer Property Tax is part of the Government's Building Safety Package. The tax is one of the Government's measures intended to bring an end to unsafe cladding. The consultation for the new tax will end on 15 October 2021 and is expected to be announced in the Autumn Budget on 27 October.
For more information, please contact Real Estate Solicitor David Bullock, or Partner Caroline Mostowfi.


text:
English (UK) Car Hire Tulsa
Svenska Biluthyrning Tulsa
Español Alquiler de coches Tulsa
Dansk Billeje Tulsa
Français Location de voiture Tulsa
Deutsch Auto mieten Tulsa
Vlaams Auto huren Tulsa
Nederlands Auto huren Tulsa
Deutsch (AT) Autovermietung Tulsa
Português Aluguer de carros Tulsa
Car Hire Tulsa
Save time and money. We compare the offers of car rental companies in Tulsa on your behalf.
Popular rental locations in Tulsa
The following rental locations are the most popular for renting a car in Tulsa
Tulsa International Airport 12 suppliers
Car rental companies in and around Tulsa
Available locations in Tulsa
Tulsa International Airport
4406 South Memorial
4945 South Peoria Avenue
Tulsa Guide
Oklahoma's second-largest city, Tulsa, has metamorphosed from a small town dependent upon oil to a thriving, modern business centre. Tulsa retains its old Southern charm, and many ornate old buildings remain from the extravagant days of its oil boom.
Tulsa is bisected by the pretty Arkansas River, and the city spreads out from a riverfront hub. Much of this area is pleasant to explore on foot, especially the Main Mall, an exclusively pedestrian area between Fifth and Main streets. Main Mall includes picturesque waterways and sitting areas dotted between the shops and restaurants.
For culture vultures, Tulsa has the Philbrook Museum of Art and the Gilcrease Museum. The former features American and European artwork housed in an exquisite Italian villa and surrounded by beautifully tended gardens.
The Gilcrease Museum boasts the largest array of Western American art in the world, and is located in the grounds of a former oil baron's estate. Also worth a visit is the Williams Complex, where the Tulsa Opera, Tulsa Ballet and the Philharmonic Orchestra perform.
Cherry Street is a popular district in the northern midtown area, featuring numerous antique stores nestled among sumptuous eateries. The surrounding neighbourhood is also worth exploring, as a number of elegant old houses are hidden within its streets.
Near Tulsa, the relaxed town of Jenks is also home to some picturesque antique shops. Alternatively, Keystone State Park is situated west of Tulsa, on US 412, and will suit those who fancy some outdoor action. Additionally, the northeastern parts of the state are blessed with great natural beauty, and are accessible by the famous Route 66.
Other major highways leading to Tulsa are I-44, which comes into the city from Oklahoma City and continues on to Missouri. State Highway 75 is the major north-south route to the city. Greyhound buses have an extensive network across the US and link Tulsa to the rest of the country.
Tulsa International Airport lies approximately 14kms northeast of the downtown area, but deals mainly with regional flights. Overseas visitors are likely to arrive via the larger Will Rodgers World Airport at Oklahoma City.
The major suburbs in Tulsa are: Alsuma, Broken Arrow, Catoosa, Carbondale, Dawson, Douglas, Garden City, Kengle, Mohawk and Red Fork.


text:
Broncos waive QB Chad Kelly
ENGLEWOOD, Colo. —The Denver Broncos have waived quarterback Chad Kelly, President of Football Operations/General Manager John Elway announced on Wednesday.
"This was a decision that we made as an organization," Elway said. "After reviewing all the information and in talking with Vance (Joseph) and Joe (Ellis), we agreed that releasing Chad was the right thing to do.
"Even though Chad's no longer part of our team, we've offered to help him however we can and are supportive of him in every possible way."


text:
'use strict';

const isUndefined = require('lodash.isundefined');
const pick = require('lodash.pick');

let emitter = require('./eventEmitter');

const inferProperties = (candidates, unit) => {
  return Object.keys(candidates).reduce((properties, currentProperty) => {
    if (candidates[currentProperty].hasOwnProperty(unit)) {
      emitter.emit('log', `Inferred unit match: ${unit} => ${candidates[currentProperty][unit]} (${currentProperty})`);
      properties.add(currentProperty);
    }

    return properties;
  }, new Set());
};

const inferProperty = (synonyms, unitFrom, unitTo) => {
  const candidatePropertiesFrom = inferProperties(synonyms, unitFrom);
  const candidatePropertiesTo = inferProperties(pick(synonyms, Array.from(candidatePropertiesFrom)), unitTo);

  let properties = new Set();

  candidatePropertiesFrom.forEach((candidateProperty) => {
    if (candidatePropertiesTo.has(candidateProperty)) {
      properties.add(candidateProperty);
    }
  });

  emitter.emit('log', `Inferred property: ${Array.from(properties).join(', ') || '-'}`);

  return properties;
};

module.exports = (synonyms) => {
  return (program) => {
    if (isUndefined(program.property)) {
      return inferProperty(synonyms, program.from, program.to);
    }

    return new Set().add(program.property);
  };
};


"PSAC is happy to see the government listened to British Columbians and officially announced Kits Station's reopening today," said Bob Jackson, Public Service Alliance of Canada Regional Executive Vice-President for BC.
Victoria - The Public Service Alliance of Canada Victoria Regional Women's Committee is sponsoring a candlelight vigil at Holland Park in Victoria on December 6th, the National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women in Canada.
The National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women is a day commemorated in Canada each December 6th, the anniversary of the 1989 École Polytechnique massacre, in which armed student Marc Lépine murdered fourteen women and injured ten others in the name of "fighting feminism".
Vancouver - Members of the three largest unions in the federal government, the Public Service Alliance of Canada; the Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada; and Canadian Association of Professional Employees, will gather to rally on Thursday, September 17th, 12PM at Library Square in Vancouver.
Federal government workers are rallying together to raise awareness about the impact of drastic cuts to public services, and to encourage Canadians to think about this before they cast their votes in the next federal election.
VICTORIA – A group of Canadian veterans and advocates will gather in Victoria on August 25th, to demand that federal election candidates re-open Veterans Affairs offices and restore funding to important veterans' services.
Veterans say they feel abandoned by the Conservative government since it closed nine Veterans Affairs offices across Canada in 2013 and 2014. This spring, the Public Service Alliance of Canada released a series of video testimonials documenting the impact of the office closures on the lives of veterans with complex medical needs.


It started in a queue for coffee at the UK's Defence Academy. That terrible coffee that all military personnel are acquainted with; a cross between tea and coffee (known as Cofftea). But the beverages aren't the reason for our links to the Wavell Room; it was the conversations in the queue during the breaks between lectures discussing how the military needs to change and adapt to be ready for the next challenge, where it became clear we needed a space where those thoughts could grow and flourish.
It's now two years later. Our community and online space is thriving. With your help, we can double down on our success and do much more to take those great ideas that are shared over terrible coffee and them generating discussion across UK Defence and with our allies.
Donate £3 a month, and you help support the great ideas that keep and content that the Wavell Room delivers. Our content is free to you, but it isn't free to make.
Sign up for a £5 Monthly donation in Feb or Mar 19, and we'll send you a Wavell Room Keep Cup in April (once we've got all our orders in). Perfect for that coffee you share your ideas over.
Sign Up for a £10 Monthly Donation in Feb or Mar 19, and we'll Send you a Wavell Room Keep Cup and Notebook in April (Once we have all our orders in). Perfect for caffeinated note taking.
A onetime donation of £60 or more in Feb or Mar 19, And we'll send you Notebook and keep cup.
We hope that you will be able to support us financially, either as a one-off donation at your discretion or as a monthly donation to offer some certainty over our future liquidity.
Supporting the Wavell Room financially means our team of volunteers can focus on helping our community of writers develop, and continue to provide the fantastic content which we know you love.
Cloud hosting, domains, content delivery, email services, securing data and other website associated fees.
Podcasting equipment and associated service fees.
The costs of payment gateway.
Backend infrastructure so the Wavell Room team can communicate.
The Wavell Room is free for all, but it isn't free to design, develop, maintain and keep running.
With your small donation, you can keep us online and help us to keep improving our content, infrastructure and quality of contemporary British military thinking. Think of it as an investment in your own British Military thought leadership.


In his paper on ground-water resources of the upper Colorado River Basin, Freethey (1987a, p. 61) identified the Brushy Basin as the confining unit of the Morrison aquifer. Even though Freethey's assessment is only for Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, the literature (for example, Turner and others, 1991) suggests that this general configuration is also appropriate for the San Juan Basin. Freethey (1987a) described the confining units in his study (including the Brush Basin Member) as leaky. Additional characterization is needed.


Eid Ul Azha Namaz Timings 2017 Will Be Celebrated In pakistan Tomorrow. Muslims Will Offer Namaz Prayer In Grounds On The Official Time of Namaz. Eid Namaz Timing Is Given Below For All Famous Cities Of Pakistan. Eid Ul Adha Namaz Timing In Lahore. Eid Ul Azha Namaz e Eid Time In faisalabad. Quetta eid Ul Azha Namaz Time. Namaz e Eid Ul Azha Time In Rawalpindi. Eid Ul Azha Namaz Timing In Peshawar.


How language represents meaning remains a central topic of debate in linguistics. On some accounts, the noun phrases in a sentence are identified semantically by a list of independent atomic labels (thematic roles), ordered relative to one another depending on the position of the nouns around the verb (e.g., AGENT-THEME-GOAL). Others instead capture such interdependencies with complex, non-atomic event structures (e.g., [x CAUSE [y TO-COME-TO-BE-AT z]]). Here, we use structural priming to investigate the psychological reality of these two theories of semantic representation. On the thematic role approach, we should expect to see priming between theme-first locatives and prepositional-object datives (both VP-NP-PP syntactically) precisely because their thematic ordering is consistent across the two constructions. The event structure approach posits no such minimal semantic structural similarity, such that we should not see priming cross-constructionally. We find only within-construction priming (N=52) and not across-construction priming (total N=344), in favor of event structures.


www.nesaralaw.us ⭐ 9 out of 10 based on 466 ratings. 2748 user reviews.
Download 1962 C10 Chevy Truck Wiring Diagram Pdf, ePub, Mobi.
As an manager of a car, I discover myself personally becoming well-informed on the issue of automobile electrical wiring. Since I Have am just about the survive individual who needs to be playing with whatever that has electronic present jogging thru it, I found myself reluctant to make an effort to handle the problem of automobile electrical wiring.
Nonetheless my vehicle decided normally in the event it did start to randomly select electronic systems that it wished to me tamper with. When the electric power seat straps did start to slide lower back and forth with no purpose as I drove decrease the freeway, I chose I better figure out how to tamper with the electric power systems, taking into consideration the exuberant fee of automobile repair.
I uncovered myself with a selection to either, disintegrate and shell out $100 an hour for a so-named professional to look at it and aim to fix it, or I possibly could see how the electric method of my car been working. Looking at my level of ignorance I most likely would aim to defeat the not possible. Of course the only element I believed about electric devices is that Air conditioning/DC was a rock and roll music band and that newbies and cabling commonly did not get on.
Having said that irrespective of my reluctance, I lay out to know things i could about car cabling. I swiftly discovered that there is a huge provide of info available on the issue of car cabling. A speedy search on Yahoo and google offered me through an variety of info. There are a number of concentrations of web sites providing info.
Some web sites offered a simple overview of the regular electric method of most cars. A company named Extended Tropical isle Customs presented some fantastic simple info. They explained that the info was basically for a simple being familiar with and not for a precise description of particular models. But they in fact provide some thorough information on simple devices these as Air conditioning and lighting fixtures. Additionally they provide some fantastic difficulty capturing info.


Image Title: Antique Pedestal Sink Regarding Designs 5. Post Title: Antique Pedestal Sink. Filename: antique-pedestal-sink-regarding-designs-5.jpg. Image Dimension: 632 x 738 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Maxine Leuschke. Uploaded Date: Thursday - October 18th. 2018 08:51:14 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: hgtv.com. Antique Pedestal Sink And Toilet Monument Pottery Co Circa 1913 Inside Ideas 12. Pedestal Sink Antique Sinks For Sale EBay Inside Decor 6. Cheviot Antique Pedestal Sink C350SWH4 S Vintage Tub Intended For Decor 4. Antique Pedestal Sink EBay In Prepare 2. Corner Pedestal Sink Antique In Designs 15. Antique Vintage Pedestal Sink Inside Decor 7. Antique Pedestal Sinks For Sink Designs 3. STANDARD MFG Antique Pedestal Sink Victorian CAST IRON Plumbing Within Designs 8. Antique Pedestal Sink EBay Intended For Prepare 18. Victorian Pedestal Sink Antique Looking Intended For Designs 16.


text:
UCONN MEN'S BASKETBALL: Three Points from Friday's win over Fordham
David Borges, Register Staff
Dec 21, 2012; Hartford, CT, USA; Connecticut Huskies guard Ryan Boatright (11) reacts after a basket against Fordham Rams forward Chris Gaston (33) during the first half at the XL Center. UConn defeated the Fordham Rams 88-73. Mandatory Credit: David Butler II-USA TODAY SportsDavid Butler II-USA TODAY Sports
A closer look at three key points from UConn's 88-73 win over Fordham on Friday night:
?Hammer of the guards: The guard trio of Ryan Boatright, Shabazz Napier and Omar Calhoun scored 62 of the team's 88 points and combine to average 43.9 of the team's 71.5 points per game. Boatright and Napier may form the best 1-2 guard tandem in the Big East, though Louisville's Peyton Siva and Russ Smith may have something to say about that.
?Break my style: The Huskies are at their best when they can get out on the break and run. They had 29 fast-break points (21 in the first half), but could have so much more if they could rebound better.
?Bored with board talk: Ho-hum, the Huskies were outrebounded for the 10th time in 11 games -- this time by a 40-28 margin. Not good.
?Up next: vs. Washington on Saturday, XL Center, 7:30 p.m.


Recent pastel commission. title "Beau" 11" x 14" on sanded pastel panel. Commissions welcome.
Seattle Channel interviewed equine artist Gabrielle England, which aired on the show 'The Artzone with Nancy Guppy' Gabrielle shares the inspirations to her oil encaustic works, Thank you Seattle Channel The Art Zone for doing such a wonderful job.
Oil Encaustic painting is the use of beeswax medium and oil pigments. The medium is made from damar crystal and beeswax. The damar crystal makes the wax stronger and also gives it a higher melting point. Without the damar the wax is brittle and has a tendency to break. Pigments can be added to the wax with either oil paints or natural pigment powder. The arrays of colors available are as limited as the oil paint world.
If you use the pigment powders wear a mask, gloves and have good ventilation. They are very toxic.
of, you could possibly incorporate it into the medium. Encaustic paintings can be built up in layers.
and polished to get different effects.
is very exciting to work with. I have been attracted to texture in my works of art trying pumice stone and different papers. Making coarse and smooth surfaces and incorporating abstract. Painting with encaustics allows me to do all of that.
One of my favorite paintings is called "Race to the River." This painting is BIG 32" x 80" x 2" painted onto a hollow panel. The work is created from oil encaustics and tar paper. I created the painting by using a blow torch to melt the wax, and while it was molten, I lifted the board to create flow patterns.
Time and time again, I worked in small areas to create the clouds billowing of the mountains and the energy from the horses.


The page you are looking for can not be found. It may be moved to another location or deleted for a reason.
Though, you can find a list of related pages that we found for you below. In case you could not find what you are looking for try making another search with a different keyword.
Total 72 result(s), listing between 0 - 20.


Wednesday again, time is flying - is it doing that where you live too ;)??
I seem to be treading water at the moment and don't feel like I am getting anywhere fast so this Wednesday post is to prove to myself that I am actually moving forward!
Let me start with my WIP from this week.
Jas helped organize a school ball at the end of March and all of her class will be going in ball dresses and suits. She has already found her dress which is beautiful but strappy and as the weather has turned back towards winter I am sure that she will need something for the chilly event!
As such, I started knitting her this really cute bolero. Her dress is a dark magenta with sequin work, so she has chosen a black bolero.
I am knitting this bolero in Drops Kids Silk and it is the first project I am knitting with this yarn.
It is really very luxurious to work with and a ball seems to go on forever! I am knitting with 2 strands and am still busy with the first balls and have just started on the sleeves.
Can you see how fluffy this wool is?
The pattern is knit flat and in one piece so it will be quite interesting to see how long it takes to complete.
Reading wise: I am reading the second book of the Divergent Series - Insurgent. You can read the "Divergent" Book review here on Monday next week.
I hope you all have a great rest of your week.
I will be sharing this post with all my lovely Wednesday ladies.
Wow that yarn looks soft! It also looks like it would be a pain to frog if you had to. Beautiful though! I hope it keeps her warm.
Another problem is that with the wool being black and me not being as young as I once was, I find that I can only knit this during daylight hours otherwise I can not see the stitches!
gosh I love what's on your loom! And your knitting is looking so luxurious -- great idea knitting double stranded with that -- great stitch definition!


Thank you for the feature, Nina!
Thanks so much, Jan! I appreciate it!
Thanks again for the feature, Tatiana!
Thank you for the feature, Ramon!
Thanks so much for the features, Jan!
Thanks so much for the feature, Christopher!
That's very kind of you. Thanks for taking the time to look at the images.
Such beautiful tones, and wonderful process, Francis. Your landscapes perfectly capture this part of the country. Very nice work!


After the big hoo-haa of its introduction last autumn very little has been heard of the Microdrive and its ZX interface 1. Either the Spectrum owners who have ordered this unit are waiting in stoic silence for the 'high-speed' random access (or random delivery?) unit to drop through the letterbox or they already are in possession of the very same and are treating it with the same interest and enthusiasm befitting the old and dusty ZX81 hanging above the fireplace.
Having just received by miracle a rare species by the name of Microdrive on loan from the very source and creator of ZX wonders (to be returned within two weeks — could this really be the one and only working unit on its Ulyssean travels to far and distant magazines?) CRASH has the opportunity to discover the untapped resources contained within the Microdrive and the ZX interface 1 and with luck avoid the temptation of launching the first Microdrive User supplement (what an original idea!).
At first the main function of the ZX interface 1 becomes obvious: this unit provides the roué games player with a wonderfully tilted keyboard position and allows a far superior keyboard control for those multi-digit arcade games.
But what of the side-effects? Well, three cannily hidden benefits have been spotted and will be discussed in detail.
Keen programmers appreciate LOAD and SAVE wait times as being the most creative pauses in the programming process, but many games players could do without this boring interlude. The Spectrum may have improved loading times by a factor of four over the ZX81 but this is annihilated by the vast memory size of the 48K Spectrum. The Microdrive sounds like the remedy to this problem. Just download your cassette-based games software into the Microdrive cartridge and you have instant access to your games library.
But wait, this proves to be a nightmare. The games software consists of pure machine code in 95% of cases and once loaded it is practically impossible to return to Spectrum BASIC for the Microdrive save commands. The idea proves to be impossible unless you are a whizz kid and can interrupt and disassemble the game's machine code, locate the start position in memory and download the dissected code into Microdrive data files. You will then still have problems with autostart and possibly you may even have to relocate code which may have been originally in the Microdrive systems variable and MAPs area of the memory. Obviously the Microdrive is not the solution to this problem.
There is however another advantage. The cartridge tape contains a minimum of 85K bytes and whizzes round in less than eight seconds. Given the fact that the operating system has to locate the file to be loaded, the average access time may vary from one to eight seconds depending on the position and length of the file on tape. Compared to an average load time of four minutes for a 25K games program on cassette, the Microdrive constitutes a 30-fold reduction of wait time and you can wave goodbye to the usual tea-break at this point. The Microdrive is a random access storage system — forget about rewinding and locating program starts. The cartridge contains an endless loop of tape and the operating system, which is an extension of the Sinclair BASIC, will control the Microdrive and will guarantee a complete revolution of the cartridge tape for every access. During this revolution it will look for the file selected or for the clear tape area required for the load or save function and perform the LOAD or SAVE automatically. Once completed, it will have positioned the tape ready for the next access.
The principle with which this can be achieved is similar to the exciting paperback adventure The Warlock of Firetop Mountain from Penguin. Your choice of action will dictate which page number you will have to continue on and similarly the same applies with the Microdrive. Substitute the page number with data files and depending on your action in combination with various other conditions, such as objects carried, energy level, past history, etc. the program will load the appropriate data files, which can contain new locations, new characters or new conditions.
If the idea of such a mammoth adventure scares you, just think of the poor programmer, who is now faced with the agony of writing machine code programs in excess of 100Kbytes. No doubt adventure games writers are at this very moment labouring away frantically at their first microdrive epics and we will see some results in the near future. The key to a successful approach will not only lie in the quantity of locations, but in the intricacy of the path of actions and events which should hide the in-built linearity and limitation of access to the various data bases. In other words, the epic should not result in a series of self-contained subadventures, but should appear as a smoothly flowing saga.
A great many people consider the computer to be a deadly social enemy which can turn the entire population into bleary-eyed non-communicating morons living within the confines of their own computer system. A network system goes a long way towards bringing people back to contact with each other by allowing one anti-social computer user to communicate with another. It helps them to play friendly chess matches over long distance without coming to blows with each other or to play 'Battleships' without being able to peek at the opponent's secret ship positions. It also allows the sharing of expensive data bases and up-to-date news items.
The ZX Interface 1 in conjunction with the extended BASIC sets up a local area network, and by local this really means a user-group within the confines of a room. Now obviously this limits the range of applications. Chess and other board games may well be played in their original version without the computer at this close range: you would hardly think of communicating with another person in the same room via telephone when the person can be approached directly.
Another communications option is the serial interface RS232. This proves useful for connecting up peripherals such as printers, plotters and modems. If your Sinclair printer has developed dyslexia and prints out garbled and random pixel messages, doesn't feed the paper and saves paper cost by printing listings all on the same line, then you might consider upgrading your print-outs by purchasing an inexpensive dot matrix or letter quality daisywheel printer. The interface provides two channels. The text channel 't' is used to send the text or listing to the printer. The binary channel 'b' will transmit binary control codes to the printer for double width, double strike, condensed italic printing, etc. Any standard baud rate between 50 and 19,200 may be set up, so this should accommodate any peripheral.
A V21 modem may be connected up to the serial interface and access gained to remote computer owners via normal telephone lines. The modem converts the serial data stream into a phone line compatible frequency shift signal. An audio coupler may be used so that the transmission can occur through the speaker and mouthpiece of a conventional phone. The Spectrum can also be hooked up to another computer with a serial interface. A good knowledge of both systems and necessary protocols is required.
Certainly the most exciting aspect of the ZX interface 1 is the cheap and fast microdrive storage systems, which opens up a whole new world of adventure and possibly arcade games. It will be interesting to see what price level will be set for Microdrive cartridge software.


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Pacific Newsroom
DoDEA Presents Linda L. Curtis Educator of Promise Award
For Immediate Release — December 1, 2020 | Kadena ES
Kadena Elementary School teacher Mrs. Chanelle Reese was presented with the inaugural Dr. Linda L. Curtis Educator of Promise Award.
OKINAWA, JAPAN — December 1, 2020 — The Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) presented Kadena Elementary School teacher Mrs. Chanelle Reese with the inaugural Dr. Linda L. Curtis Educator of Promise Award during a special after-school ceremony Dec 1st.
Joining in the presentation via video conference, Dr. Curtis thanked Mrs. Reese for her dedication and commitment to military-connected students.
"Teacher leaders can make a difference for our DoDEA students and teachers, Dr. Curtis said. "It is an honor to recognize Mrs. Reese as the first recipient of the Dr. Linda L. Curtis Educator of Promise Award."
Mrs. Reese recently PCSed to the DoDEA Pacific South District from Tarawa Terrace Elementary School in Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. She has 12 years of teaching experience, two of which have been with DoDEA. She began her career teaching elementary school in North Carolina, and has taught CTE, Math, and has also participated in Administrative Internships in North Carolina.
After accepting the award, Mrs. Reese shared words of encouragement and support with her colleagues.
"I know sometimes you might feel like you are doing the same thing every day, and maybe you feel like you are not making a difference," Mrs. Reese said. "But everything that you do – people see it and they notice it… when you come to work every day and you are here for the kids, you are doing a good job. The kids see that, our parents see that, and your teammates see that. So don't stop what you are doing."
Mrs. Reese earned her bachelor's degree from Lamar University, a master's degree in Elementary Education from East Carolina University, and a Master of School Administration from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.
Dr. Linda Curtis spent 35 years with DoDEA, starting as a teacher and ending her career as Principal Deputy Director and Associate Director of Academics. In every regard, she was tireless advocate for elevating student achievement. The Dr. Linda Curtis Educator of Promise award celebrates and honors teachers who, in the first three years of their DoDEA career, have made an extraordinary commitment to helping students and consistently go above and beyond in the pursuit of continuous improvement.
The Dr. Linda L. Curtis Educator of Promise program begins with nominations at the school-level with recommendations from a teacher's peers or administrators. Panels in the three DoDEA regions (Europe, Pacific and Americas) review nominations and select a candidate from each of the eight districts. DoDEA Headquarters (Teaching & Learning Division) then reviews the district candidates and makes a recommendation to the DoDEA Director for approval.
Additional information about the Dr. Linda L. Curtis Educator of Promise Program, including points of contact, may be found on the DoDEA web site.
DoDEA plans, directs, coordinates, and manages pre-kindergarten through 12th grade education programs for school-aged children of Department of Defense personnel who would otherwise not have access to high-quality public education. DoDEA schools are located in Europe, the Pacific, Western Asia, the Middle East, Cuba, the United States, Guam, and Puerto Rico. DoDEA also provides support and resources to Local Educational Activities throughout the United States that serve children of military families.
Miranda Ferguson
Public Affairs Officer
Unit 35007 APO AP 96376
DSN Phone: (315) 652-5657
Calling from US: 011-81-98-961-7777-652-5657
DoDEA Communications
DoDEA Office of Communications
4800 Mark Center Dr.
The DoDEA Communications Office initiates and manages DoDEA's communications and outreach efforts worldwide. The office coordinates press relations, internal information programs and communication with students, parents, teachers, school administrators and the public.
The Communications Office:
Issues news releases and media advisories about DoDEA initiatives, employees and programs
Produces video and television promotional and informational products marketed worldwide
Maintains the DoDEA web site
Designs printed promotional and informational material and graphic artwork to accompany publications, promotions and initiatives
DoDEA Americas DoDEA Europe DoDEA Pacific
Content last modified: 14 January 2022


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Greenfield's Point of View - November 2021
The COVID Premium in Automotive Technology
It's been an interesting year.
At the beginning of the pandemic, companies were suffering through a "COVID Discount", due to the retraction of the economy, uncertainty of how the rest of the year was going to pay out, and how hard a reduction in consumer demand was going to affect revenue and earnings.
Fast-forward eight months, and we're experiencing a "COVID Premium", fueled by a resilient U.S. consumer, companies that made dramatic cost cuts, a buoyant stock market, a love affair for SaaS companies, over a billion dollars of "dry powder" looking for a home, and a sense of urgency to get deals done. There's a shortage of good deals out there, and a lot of money chasing it. This is causing strong valuation premiums.
But, before we look at M&A, let's take a look at the economy.
This recession was by far the deepest one in postwar history, but it also may go into the record books as the briefest in U.S. history.
A two-track recovery is emerging. Some workers, companies and regions show signs of coming out fine or even stronger. The rest are mired in a deep decline with an uncertain path ahead. Just months ago, economists were predicting a V-shaped recovery—a rapid rebound from a steep fall—or a U-shaped path—a prolonged downturn before healing began. What has developed is more like a K. On the upper arm of the K are well-educated and well-off people, businesses tied to the digital economy or supplying domestic necessities, and regions such as tech-forward Western cities. By and large, they are prospering. On the bottom arm are lower-wage workers with fewer credentials, old-line businesses and regions tied to tourism and public gatherings. They can expect to bear years-long scars from the crisis.
This divergence helps explain the striking disconnect of a stock market and household wealth near record highs, while lines stretch at food banks and applications for jobless benefits continue to grow.
The labor market isn't expected to claw back all of the jobs lost as a result of coronavirus-related shutdowns until 2023 or later. Hiring gains slowed sharply heading into the fall as more layoffs turned permanent, adding to signs that the economy faces a long slog to fully recover from the coronavirus pandemic.
The economy has lost millions of jobs this year. But in many industries, hiring is booming. Home-mortgage firms, financial-service companies and tech companies are advertising thousands of jobs. Others, in sectors like hospitality, fall victim to continued lockdowns and changing consumer behavior.
The economy grew at a record pace in the third quarter, recovering significant ground lost earlier in the coronavirus pandemic. Gross domestic product—the value of all goods and services produced across the economy—increased at a 33.1% annual rate, by far the strongest quarterly pace of growth in records tracing back to 1947. That is decidedly good news, showing a faster-than-expected rebound as businesses reopened and consumers grew more confident about venturing out and spending money.
But growth slowed throughout the quarter. Monthly data show that in August and September activity slowed sharply, though it didn't contract, while daily and weekly data suggest a small advance in October.
The big question now is whether growth will continue to advance with COVID-19 cases soaring once again. That will depend crucially on what steps states take, if any, to restrict business activity in response to those rising cases. Forecasters expect the economy to expand through the fourth quarter, though more slowly. Analysts project the economy will end 2020 smaller than a year earlier, but will grow in 2021.
Finally, it's worth noting that there may be long-term damage to the economy. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) in September forecast fairly steady GDP growth once we get past 2020, but output isn't expected to catch up to its pre-pandemic trajectory anytime soon. Although the economic effects of the pandemic will continue to be felt as far out as three years from now. According to the July's CBO's economic outlook report, the unemployment rate will not return to pre-COVID levels for at least a decade and the recent Federal Reserve projections in September show unemployment above 4% for the foreseeable future.
The housing market is booming, but serious challenges are looming for low-income owners. Expect a wave of foreclosures in 2021. As of August, more than 10% of the eight million single-family mortgages backed by the FHA were delinquent by more than three months. Forbearance provisions, preventing foreclosures, expire next year.
A housing crisis centered on the vast apartment and home-rental markets is emerging in the U.S., threatening to send millions of renters into eviction and leave landlords short billions of dollars. A large number of renters have been unable to pay some or even all of their rent since March, when the pandemic temporarily shut down businesses and pushed millions of people into unemployment. Federal and local eviction moratoriums have protected many from losing their homes but the national eviction ban and some state and city protections are set to expire by January or sooner, the fallout from missed rent payments is bound to imperil a large swath of the U.S. population and wash over the broader economy.
It's a good time to be an auto dealer. Despite (or maybe because of) the Covid pandemic, dealers are more profitable than ever.
Q3 earnings calls have shown that dealers are recording record quarterly profits, largely due to reduced employee, operating and marketing costs, coupled with strong new car and used car gross profit per unit. AutoNation, Penske Automotive Group and Lithia Motors all reported record results with bottom-line increases topping 80 percent.
The key question is whether dealers will be able to keep operating lean as the economy rebounds, as they may be tempted to add back operating costs.
Buy/Sell activity for physical dealerships and valuations remains very strong, and there's a heathy backlog of deals that will take us into mid-2021. Demand for physical dealerships is being fed both by dealer groups who continue to consolidate, as well as Private Equity, who seems to have a renewed interest in the space. On the sell-side, many owners are looking to sell into a strong market, continued strong valuations, and all the uncertainty of how the next decade will play out.
New-vehicle inventories tightened further in September to just 2.11 million vehicles, a decline of about 150,000 vehicles from the previous month, the lowest industry inventory level in nine years -- and more than 1 million fewer new vehicles available for sale than at the same point a year earlier.
Five months after vehicle production restarted for many of the OEMs, car dealers are still seeing their stockpiles dwindle as public transit-averse buyers flock to the new-car lot and more people relocate to the suburbs. Some executives say it won't be until early next year before stock levels return to normal.
Despite the strong third quarter performance for dealerships, there are warning signs on the horizon that the fourth quarter is going to be a bit more challenging.
Black Book reported that wholesale prices steadily declined through October, marking seven weeks in a row. Wholesale sold volume rebounded in October but is still lower that it was in 2019. We're starting to see an influx of used inventory coming into the auctions – an increase that is expected to last into the first half of 2021, resulting from prolonged lease return delays. In addition, lenders restarted repossessing vehicles, as the economy continues to feel the effects of high unemployment. With much weaker retail demand, and a projected oversupply of used inventory, Black Book forecasts a significant drop in wholesale prices this fall and winter.
Hampleton Partners reported that Global automotive technology M&A activity was down by 11% in the first half of 2020, compared to the second half of 2019. But, while deal flow has been light during the first few months of the pandemic, the resilience of the automotive industry through COVID-19 has given more confidence to both financial investors and strategic acquirers. As a result, the M&A space is really heating up.
VC firms have continued to be very active throughout the pandemic. Deal counts and deal values are stable to up over last year. The massive expansion of later-stage private capital continues unabated. Valuations continue to rise. And exits have been very robust.
U.S. VC funding in Q3 was the second highest quarter ever at $36.5b dollars being invested, up 22% year-over-year (YoY) and 30% from Q2 2020.
The rate of US private equity deal making in 2020 continues to lag well behind past years. But the market is beginning to bounce back after bottoming out during the second quarter.
September was the busiest month for IPOs in the New York Stock Exchange's history, and October was on track to also break a record. 2020 is very likely to turn out to be the biggest year for IPOs since 2014. We've seen 169 companies taken public via SPACs in 2020, up from just 59 in 2019, raising 460% more in gross proceeds than last year.
Software has been hot. SaaS Capital reports that public company Software-as-a-Service revenue multiples continue to skyrocket, recently reaching 15-times average revenue run rate, the highest that we've ever seen for software valuations. Investors clearly love the SaaS model.
Online automotive retailers continue to attract capital. Carvana's market cap of $37 billion is definitely increasing investor interest in the automotive category.
Shift Technologies became a public company this month (through a SPAC), but the stock hasn't move much since.
UK online retailer Cazoo just launched 11 months ago, and has a business model similar to Carvana's. After a financing round last month, the company is now valued at $2.5 billion dollars.
A lot of investor interest has been fueled by consumers shifting their shopping preferences due to COVID-19. I'm certain that we're going to see a number of other online dealership players emerge, given the frothiness in this market.
Blurring of Lines Between Physical, Online and Wholesale
We're definitely witnessing a blurring between physical dealerships and online models, both consumer-facing and wholesale. This convergence will continue, fueled by strong valuations of companies like Carvana.
Last month we saw an interesting big deal from LMP Automotive Holdings, the e-commerce and facilities-based platform for consumers who desire to buy, sell, subscribe-for or finance used and new vehicles. LMP announced the acquisition of a 70% Interest in New York's largest franchise dealership group, Atlantic Automotive Group, and New York logistics and vehicle storage company, Atlantic Central Storage, in a deal valued at $608 million dollars.
When technology companies start acquiring physical dealerships, you really need to start scratching your head. We're definitely in interesting times.
Also last month, BCA Marketplace, the largest physical auction company in Europe launched Cinch, an online marketplace for consumers. BCA already owns We Buy Any Car -- that acquires vehicles directly from consumers.
BCA Marketplace was a public company until it was bought by private equity giant TDR Capital for £1.9 billion British pounds in September of last year.
It's interesting to see a wholesale auction company that also buys vehicles directly from consumers, and now offers vehicles to consumers to purchase.
We'll be keeping a watchful eye on how dealers specifically react to this as it plays out in the UK. In the U.S. market, dealers might push back on such a move.
Here in the U.S., the largest retailer of used vehicles -- CarMax -- runs the third largest auction company in the country, with over 70 locations. CarMax sells over 400 thousand wholesale vehicles per year. And remember that CarMax made a $50 million dollar investment in online shopping site Edmunds early this year, which raised a lot of eyebrows.
Carvana recently launched their wholesale channel, CarvanaACCESS, powered by Manheim's OVE. Like CarMax, Carvana needs an efficient way to dispose of trade-ins and aged inventory they don't need.
Rumor is that ACV Auctions, which has been aggressively taking market share from Manheim and ADESA – and who has a lot of momentum due to strong revenue growth – will IPO sometime in early 2021. It will be interesting to see if they make any big M&A moves prior to becoming public.
Last month, it was announced that CarLotz, an online consignment store for used cars, will go public via a SPAC. A group of investors that includes KAR Global has also committed to a $125 million investment into the company. It's VERY interesting to see KAR Global, the parent company of the second largest physical auction company ADESA, invest in a physical dealership.
DMS Space
Tekion Corporation, a cloud technology company and provider of a software-as-a-service DMS they call their "Automotive Retail Cloud", announced its Series C financing round of $150 million dollars at over a $1 billion dollar valuation. The funding round was led by global Private Equity firm Advent International.
Tekion has big ambitions in the DMS space that has long been dominated by CDK Global and Reynolds and Reynolds.
Tekion claims to already have 17 OEM integrations completed, and expects to have the others done by early 2021.
Tekion hopes to solve the issue of technology fragmentation that has plagued the industry for decades. With its modern cloud-based platform -- complete with a centralized accounting system built on a secure data platform -- Tekion says dealers can access their company's data from anywhere -- while also providing seamless access to vendors via its set of APIs.
Tekion will definitely be a company to watch, as it attacks the two largest software providers in the DMS space.
NADA Going Virtual
Finally, sad news for the industry as the National Automobile Dealers Association opted to make its annual convention completely virtual and move it to Feb. 9th through 11th — a rare Tuesday to Thursday schedule. NADA is always a great venue for dealers to discover new and innovative technology companies, and for a ton of M&A deals to get announced. It'll be sad to miss seeing all of this in person this year, but I'm certain they'll put on a strong virtual event.
I publish this newsletter at an interesting time – just two days from the November 3rd presidential election. While the M&A pipeline has been heating up, there's fear of possible increasing tax rates, a strong and resilient stock market, and strategic acquirers wanting to take advantage of COVID weakness.
As I've said all year long -- It's an exciting time to be in the automotive space.
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