One interview sequence is rarely definitive proof of BBC bias. But a recent Today feature about the private member's bill to commit to a referendum about membership of the EU comes very close to it – and it has now become the subject of a complaint to the BBC.
The interview sequence in question, broadcast on January 10, also underlines vividly what Newswatch surveys repeatedly show: that editors and interviewers give most space to those who want closer ties to the EU and sideline, limit or disrespect the arguments of those who do not.
Update: Lord Pearson of Rannoch and the MPs Philip Hollobone (Conservative) and Kate Hoey (Labour), have lodged a formal complaint about the feature on the ground that it was 'a striking piece of BBC bias at a crucial time in the debate about the EU referendum'. The full correspondence on the matter can be seen here.
At 8.10am, in the front page slot, Evan Davis interviewed Michael Dobbs – the Conservative peer guiding the private member's bill through the House of Lords – and Peter Mandelson, the former Labour minister and spin doctor who, it transpires, believes that a referendum should not be held because it would be 'a lottery'.
Both men were actually on air for about the same time. But the way they were treated was emphatically noteven-handed. One crude measure is that Lord Dobbs had just 250 words to put his case across, while Lord Mandelson had more than 750 to elaborate his anti-bill arguments. The difference in treatment went much deeper, in that Evan Davis allowed in some depth (without interruption) Lord Mandelson's attack, both on the need for the bill and the reasons why advocates were supporting it.
But I leave you to decide for yourself why – the full transcript is below.
What leaps out is that Lord Dobbs was asked primarily about how he would vote over the bill and whether the measure was a waste of time on the ground that it would be the next Parliament that actually decided the matter. In consequence, he had only two short opportunities to explain why he was introducing the legislation.
After a brief initial question to Lord Dobbs about why he supported the bill, Mr. Davis quickly moved on to what was clearly his main focus – how Lord Dobbs would vote and whether the measure was a waste of time because it would be the next Parliament that determined whether the referendum would actually be held. Lord Dobbs managed to deliver only 250 words (about 95 seconds) about the reasoning (essentially that it was about giving people choice) behind the bill. His argument was heavily curtailed by Evan Davis's interventions in which he put instead the points about how Lord Dobbs would vote.
By contrast, it was clear from the start that Evan Davis wanted Lord Mandelson to have space to put across his detailed reasoning why the bill was essentially ill-conceived, was Political grandstanding, and was a waste of Parliamentary time. In the end, he was afforded the opportunity to deliver three lengthy sequences amounting to more than 750 words in which he advanced his case that the bill was primarily designed to try defuse the UKIP threat.
On the face of it, elements Mr Davis's approach to Lord Mandelson were adversarial, in that he suggested that the pro-EU case was not being put very well. But on closer analysis, his questioning actually delivered a framework for Lord Mandelson to plough on expansively with his substantive points. It seems clear, too, that Mr Davis had no desire or intention to interrupt in any significant way. For example, when Lord Mandelson, made the sweeping and politically partisan claim that the bill was grandstanding and playing to the UKIP gallery, why did not Mr Davis intervene to suggest that UKIP actually had popular support and this might instead be seen as something that aimed to give British people (as Lord Dobbs had suggested) a definite opportunity to express their opinions?
This all adds up to a striking example of BBC bias at a crucial moment in the debate about a referendum. And it fits closely with the longer-term and more detailed analysis by Newswatch, which shows consistently that those in favour of the EU almost invariably get the most space and most favourable framework to advance their views.
Immigration: Anything but the truth.
BBC Political Editor Nick Robinson has announced that the BBC was once – at an unspecified period in the past – biased in its reporting of immigration issues.
He is reported as saying (in connection with pre-publicity for a programme he has made) that the corporation made a 'terrible mistake' in not reflecting the public's concerns about the numbers and issues involved.
What's striking about these BBC admissions about bias in the reporting of immigration issues, however, is they are almost laughably predictable in substance and form.
Then they hire someone from a BBC background and with close connections with the BBC Trustees – such as Stuart Prebble with his recent report into coverage of immigration, the EU and religion – to agree with them.
The evidence of past bias in the coverage of immigration is abundant. In 2004, for example, Newswatch compiled a report based on three months' output from seven flagship news programmes for Sir Andrew Green's group Migration Watch that revealed devastating shortcomings, especially with regard to the failure to reflect public concern and in the relentless thrust to portray those who opposed Labour's immigration policies as xenophobicand racist.
Nick Robinson says that these failings have been rectified. They have not. Evidence is easy to find. On November 5, the Today programme gave acres of space in bulletins and the main body of the programme to a report by two academics from University College London, in their survey claimed that EU immigrants had made 'a particularly positive contribution to the public purse'. The editorial goal in giving the item such prominence was clearly to undermine those who are worried about the more negative effects of immigration.
authors to amplify their claim that fears about immigration were unfounded. The effects, despite what public opinion believed, were positive.
What Danny Shore omitted to say – and the BBC has subsequently failed to report – is that even the most cursory analysis of the UCL survey shows that – to put it mildly – the statistical evidence in question was totally unreliable. Who says so? The Civitas think-tank commissioned emeritus professor of statistics at UCL Mervyn Stone to examine the findings. His conclusion?
Ouch! In other words, the BBC as recently as November shouted from the rooftops the findings of a report about the positive effects of immigration that the most rudimentary of checks would have shown to be highly suspect.
Danny Shore, the home affairs editor who is paid vast amounts to ensure that what gets to air is accurate, endorsed a report ' as the most thorough analysis of its kind' when it was anything but.
If, as Nick Robinson maintains, the BBC is no longer biased in their quest to hide and manipulate the truth about immigration – how could this be the case?
A decision by BBC Trustees to reject a complaint about the BBC's EU coverage was a 'farce', leading Eurosceptic MPs Kate Hoey and Philip Hollobone have said.
The complaint – based on research by Newswatch – centred on an edition of Newsnight last January which covered David Cameron's decision to announce a radical overhaul of EU policy to include a referendum on withdrawal.
Mr Hollobone, who has written to BBC Trustees attacking heir ruling, said: "The programme featured 17 Europhiles pitched against one person who supported withdrawal. It was blatant imbalance.
A succession of top BBC executives, including former DG Mark Thompson, and more recently former head of television news Roger Mosey, have admitted that BBC EU coverage has been totally biased against the withdrawal case.
Mr Hollobone added: "Our complaint showed in detail that on the day of this major development in EU-related policy, this edition of Newsnight did not properly take into account the withdrawal case, and indeed went to absurd lengths to stuff the programme full of figures who wanted to shoot down both the idea of a referendum and the case for withdrawal.
"In terms of BBC coverage it was thus par for the course, but the Trustees have now performed a farcical series of contortions to argue the programme was fair".
He added: "The BBC complaints procedure is clearly not fit for purpose because no-one involved is genuinely independent. It exists to protect the BBC's back rather than the proper investigation of bias. It's time for major change".
Read the Newswatch-researched complaint here.
Newswatch reports show that Today does not give EU 'come-outers' the chance to properly air their case.
When they do appear they are usually bracketed with 'Loonies', or given no chance to explain their support for leaving the EU.
Today presenter Evan Davis continued the tradition when he interviewed this week (November 18) Yorkshire businessman Paul Sykes about his decision to support UKIP in the 2014 Europe elections. Mr Sykes – who announced his decisions to the Daily Telegraph – said he had decided to resume his political donations because UKIP was the only party clearly campaigning for withdrawal from the EU. But on Today, Evan Davis conducted in an interview that was so crammed full of interruptions that the longest Mr Sykes was allowed to speak was 94 words, about 35 seconds. In an interview lasting five-and-a-half minutes, Mr Davis interjected 35 times…once every 10 seconds.
The transcript here reveals the full gory story. Read for yourself .
Of course it's the job of a Today presenter to be adversarial and political donations must be subjected to scrutiny. But this was battering ram questioning that would have been appropriateif Mr Sykes was contemplating an illegal act rather than giving to a mainstream political cause he believed in.
The transcript shows that that Mr Davis deliberately set out to prevent Mr Sykes from explaining either his decision to support withdrawal as a political cause or his reasoning why he thought current policies do not chime with public opinion. It was only the third interview of a clear supporter of withdrawal in the latest Newswatch monitoring period, which is running from mid September until the EU Council meeting in December.
Newswatch figures show fewer than one in 1,000 contributors to Today's EU coverage were supporters of withdrawal from the Labour party or the British left.
that a range of voices on key issues was heard.
one in every 1,171 EU-related appearances.
Newswatch has been monitoring the Today programme for approximately 6 months of the year since 2005. It is the longest-ever, and most detailed, research project of its kind. In the latest survey period it has been established that withdrawalists talking about withdrawal took up minimal programme time.
There were exactly 100 appearances by speakers who were identified as supporters of withdrawal.
Just over half (37 out of 73, equating to 37%) of all UKIP appearances were from Nigel Farage.
remaining 42 commenting on other EU matters but making no case for withdrawal).
2 (3.4%) were from vox pop contributors.
periods (half of the total output).
This is 0.5% of total EU coverage, and 0.035% of total airtime available on Today.
Latest Newswatch report: Today ignored UK Withdrawal from the EU, but gave multiple airings for those who want stronger EU ties.
The latest News-watch report shows that Today went out of its way to give those who were opposed to change in Britain's relationship with the EU – including Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg – multiple platforms in which they had clear time and space to advance arguments in favour of their views, including the hotly disputed claim by Europhiles that 3.5m jobs would be lost if the relationship with the EU was fundamentally changed. This assertion went unchallenged by the Today presenter.
The BBC Trustees have yet again flatly rejected claims that their EU coverage is biased.
Conservative MP Philip Hollobone and Labour's Kate Hoey filed a complaint about an edition of Newsnight on January 23, when David Cameron announced his policy of holding an 'in/out' referendum.
The programme contained just one 'come-outer' (UKIP's Nigel Farage) ranged against battery of 17 studio guests and contributors who were in different ways against the referendum, in favour of staying in the EU or increasing its powers. The Trustees say this was 'fair' because the programme was considering the political context and implications of the issues raised by Mr Cameron and therefore the number of supporters of withdrawal was immaterial.
Is the BBC properly balanced and impartial in its reporting of complex issues such as the EU, immigration and climate change?
For more than 15 years, Newswatch has been investigating BBC output using a systematic process of transcription logging and detailed analysis. The answer, in certain key respects – especially with regard to the EU – is a resounding and disturbing 'no'.
Especially prominent in the data is a consistent and systematic failure to investigate or allow or even facilitate the articulation of the arguments in favour of withdrawal from the EU.
Yet the corporation refuses to engage with the research, or to conduct truly independent assessments of its own. Its tactics are rather to attempt to shout down or ridicule those who disagree with it.
The purpose of this site is to provide an internet platform through which issues of BBC bias can be properly aired and understood.
Emphatically, it is not a 'bash the BBC' platform, and it has no political axe to grind.
But the corporation must also recognise that in this area, it is often its own worst enemy.
This is because there is a collective refusal, from the Trustees downwards, and across the entire complaints process, to allow genuinely independent investigation of bias claims.
The only exception to this came in 2004/5, when in the interregnum between Labour-appointed chairmen of the then Governors, Lord Ryder, the Conservative peer, as acting chairman, commissioned a report from Lord Wilson of Dinton, the former cabinet secretary. Lord Wilson's Commission was made up of leading figures with a cross-section of views about the EU. It found extensive evidence of bias and warned the Corporation that it must radically improve carry more, and more varied news about the EU.
Newswatch's latest survey shows that the BBC continues to ignore the case for withdrawal.
Only 513 words in 13 weeks of the Today programme were 'come-outers' talking about their views about withdrawal. That was only 0.7% of the EU output.
There were only six such contributions, despite this being a period when the topic of withdrawal was central to the political agenda as David Cameron began negotiations for treaty change and UKIP secured 25% of the poll in local elections.
Today also failed to ask Conservative contributors about their attitude towards EU withdrawal. It was estimated during the period that one third of Conservative MPs had come to support withdrawal, but those who appeared were asked only about renegotiation. The report shows how the main thrust of Today's coverage was to show that there was a return – possibly to a worse level than at any point in Party history – to Conservative infighting over the EU. Today continued to present Euroscepticism in all its forms through the prism of 'Conservative splits' – as it has done for the last 14 years of Newswatch reports.


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Infant and childhood food allergy, whose cause has long been a mystery, has now been linked to a mix of environmental and genetic factors that must coexist to trigger the allergy, reports a new Northwestern Medicine study. The factors contributing to food allergy include the genetics that alter skin absorbency, use of infant cleansing wipes that leave soap on the skin, skin exposure to allergens in dust and skin exposure to food from those providing infant care. Food allergy is triggered when these factors occur together. "This is a recipe for developing food allergy," said lead study author Joan Cook-Mills, a professor of allergy-immunology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "It's a major advance in our understanding of how food allergy starts early in life." The paper will be published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology on April 6. Food allergies are on the rise and affect an estimated 4 to 6 percent of children in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The prevalence of reported food allergy increased 18 percent among children under age 18 years from 1997 to 2007. Recent data also show hospitalizations with diagnoses related to food allergies have increased among children. Food allergy risk factors can be modified at home The good news is factors leading to food allergy can be modified in the home environment, Cook-Mills said. "Reduce baby's skin exposure to the food allergens by washing your hands before handling the baby," Cook-Mills said. "Limit use of infant wipes that leave soap on the skin. Rinse soap off with water like we used to do years ago. " Scientist discovers the 'perfect storm' triggering food allergy Cook-Mills made the discovery by using clinical evidence about food allergy in humans, the effects of food allergen and environmental allergen exposures and neonatal mice with genetic mutations that occur in humans. Clinical evidence shows up to 35 percent of children with food allergies have atopic dermatitis and much of that is explained by at least three different gene mutations that reduce the skin barrier. Cook-Mills used a neonatal mouse model with skin barrier mutations and tried exposing its skin to food allergens like peanuts. The peanuts alone had no effect. "Then I thought about what are babies exposed to," Cook-Mills recalled. "They are exposed to environmental allergens in dust in a home. They may not be eating food allergens as a newborn, but they are getting them on their skin. Say a sibling with peanut butter on her face kisses the baby. Or a parent is preparing food with peanuts and then handles the baby. " Next, she read about skin research studies that delivered compounds through the skin by using soap. "I thought oh my gosh! That's infant wipes!" Cook-Mills said. The top skin layer is made of lipids (fats), and the soap in the wipes disrupts that barrier, Cook-Mills explained. Skin problems that occur with skin barrier mutations may not be visible until long after a food allergy has already started. The neonatal mice with the mutations had normal-appearing skin, and the dry itchy skin of dermatitis did not develop until the mice were a few months old, the equivalent of a young adult in human years. After the neonatal mice received three to four skin exposures of food and dust allergens for 40 minutes during a two-week period, they were given egg or peanut by mouth. The mice had allergic reactions at the site of skin exposure, allergic reactions in the intestine, and the severe allergic food reaction of anaphylaxis that is measured by decreased body temperature. A skin barrier dysfunction was necessary for food allergy to develop in the mice, but there is a wide continuum of severe to mild skin dysfunction with eczema or atopic dermatitis, which in its mildest form may simply appear to be dry skin. In patients with skin-barrier defects, there are changes in the proteins in the skin that are a result of mutations in the genes. These gene mutations in patients are primarily heterozygous, which means there is a mutation in one of the two copies of a gene. Accordingly, in the preclinical studies, neonatal mice were also heterozygous for skin barrier mutations. The mice were co-exposed to food allergens such as egg and peanut proteins, allergens in dust (house dust mite or Alternaria alternata mold) and sodium lauryl sulfate, a soap present in infant cleansing wipes. These novel animal studies provide a basis to test interventions that will more effectively block the development of food allergy in infants and children, Cook-Mills said. She is currently studying molecular responses in the skin that are unique to this combination of genetics and skin exposures. The goal is to determine unique signals in the skin that occur during development of food allergy. This will lead to approaches to intervene with those skin signals and block the development of food allergy. The study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01 HL124120, U01 AI131337 and R01 AI095282.


text:
New MRSA claims at hospital
Published: 6:33 AM April 1, 2005
MEDICAL experts are conducting urgent tests to investigate claims that traces of MRSA were found throughout the hospital where a two-day-old baby died after contracting the superbug.
Television station Sky News yesterdayclaimed to have discovered evidence of the bug in a number of places within Ipswich Hospital, including on the maternity ward where baby Luke Day died nearly two months ago.
It follows similar investigations conducted by national media, which reported high levels of MRSA being found at the hospital, despite the recent tragedy.
But Dr Philip Jones, a senior microbiologist at Ipswich Hospital, said last night he could not accept the findings.
He said experts from the Health Protection Agency would be conducting tests for MRSA at the hospital next week while internal tests are being carried out at the spots highlighted by the media investigations.
The Sky News investigation found high levels of MRSA on swabs taken from a corridor pay phone, a hospital trolley and in the men's toilets.
Low levels of the bug were also found in the lifts and on the maternity ward, while a sample taken from the urology laboratory was negative.
But Dr Jones said: "I don't accept these findings at face value - it would be wrong to do so.
"There are systems for validation and I have seen no evidence of that. If these tests can be proved I would be the first to accept it. But these reports are doing unjustifiable damage to the hospital.
"We are very happy for tests that are appropriate to be done at the hospital and we have nothing to hide.
"We are currently doing tests ourselves and the results of these tests will be made available. We are also going to have a team from the Health Protection Agency coming to visit to do tests."
He added: "We have looked at the [media] reports and tested the same areas. The results should be ready during the weekend."
Reacting to the Sky News investigation, baby Luke's father, Kevin Fenton, 24, from Woodbridge, said: "I'm not surprised - I believe it proves MRSA is still there and it's still a worry for anyone who goes into the hospital.
"They have had plenty of time to get it out of the ward. I lost my little boy and I don't want anyone else to go through that."
He added: "I don't think I could ever go back to the hospital again. Why don't they come out and tell us the truth?"
Luke, who is believed to be the youngest victim of the bug in Britain, died on February 3 from septicaemia caused by MRSA.
His family refused to sign his death certificate until MRSA was recorded on it.
Following Luke's death, the East Anglian Daily Times launched a Stamp Out MRSA campaign, which calls on the Government and NHS trusts to do more to eradicate the bug.
Dr Jones added: "We have done a great deal since the death of baby Luke and we are continuing to do a great deal.
"We have expended an awful lot of time and effort and trying to find out the source of the MRSA and have been very honest and said we haven't found that source.
"We took more than 100 samples and tested more than 60 members of staff and we have not found any traces of MRSA. Further tests are underway and we are trying to be as open and honest as possible."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Novell releases Suse Linux Enterprise 11
The latest version of the enterprise Linux distribution includes a full runtime environment for Microsoft .NET applications
By David Meyer | March 24, 2009 -- 13:06 GMT (06:06 PDT) | Topic: Tech Industry
Novell on Tuesday released Suse Linux Enterprise 11, which includes for the first time a full runtime environment for Microsoft .NET applications.
The open-source company said the new version of the datacentre operating system shows improvements over its predecessors in terms of interoperability, mission-critical computing and virtualisation.
One of the key enhancements in Suse Linux Enterprise 11 is its Mono Extension. Mono is an open-source project that aims to create a .NET-compatible set of programming tools, including elements such as a C# compiler. According to Novell's product director for the EMEA region, Holger Dyroff, the addition of commercial support for Mono means Suse Linux Enterprise 11 users can migrate their existing .NET applications across to the Linux platform.
"We have an online tool for customers to test their .NET applications and see if they run on Mono," Dyroff told ZDNet UK on Tuesday. Microsoft's rich web media technology, Silverlight, is now also supported with the inclusion of Moonlight, the Mono project's open-source alternative to Silverlight.
Novell has overseen Mono since it bought the developer Ximian in 2003. Asked why it took so long for Novell to provide commercial support for the project, Dyroff said it had in fact provided commercial support to some customers for a while, as part of Novell's consulting work.
"We needed to be convinced that Mono was completely enterprise-ready," Dyroff said, adding that Novell also had to be sure it could provide full support for the product. "The feature set is now rich enough to run most of those .NET applications — the success rate is now above 50 percent without changes, which is a big step forward for our Mono offering. It is important that, when we make a certain promise to the customers, we need to be knowledgeable enough and sure it's really going to run."
The Mono extension is joined in the new version of the platform by the High Availability Extension, a clustering product that will, according to Dyroff, "allow customers to run their mission-critical workload in a high-availability clustered way". The benefit of this feature for Novell, he said, was that it would allow the company to further tempt the Unix market to migrate to Linux.
"Customers running [Unix platforms such as] Solaris have told us they would turn away from that Unix platform if they had a high-performance, feature-rich high-availability offering in the Suse Linux portfolio," Dyroff said. "Unix-to-Linux migration still [brings] the most common new customers into the Linux platform."
Dyroff said IBM's rumoured desire to buy Sun had been helpful for Novell, by making Sun's customers wonder "what will happen in the future with the Solaris platform, the Sparc processor and so on".
Asked whether Novell's close collaboration with Microsoft weakened Suse's position as a challenger to Windows, Dyroff claimed such co-operation made it easier for customers to adopt Linux.
"I do think that the collaboration we're having on a technical level does not in any way influence the competition we are experiencing on a business level," Dyroff said. "We are fighting hard. We are working with customers and [independent software vendors] to put [products] together that attack areas which are Microsoft strongholds."
"Customers have a need to run Microsoft Windows and Suse Linux Enterprise or other Linux offerings side-by-side," Dyroff said. "Therefore, that technical collaboration is important to be able to do seamless migration and integration, and compete on a value level rather than disappointing the customer."
Novell said in a statement on Tuesday that Suse Linux Enterprise 11 is optimised to run at "near-native" performance on major hypervisors such as VMware ESX, Microsoft Hyper-V and Xen — the new Xen 3.3 hypervisor is included in Novell's new distribution.
The distribution will also be certified and supported for Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), making it possible to run Suse-based virtual machines in the cloud.
Novell has also released ZenWorks Linux Management 7.3, a management tool for desktop and server systems. This, along with Suse Linux Enterprise Server 11, Suse Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 and the Mono Extension, is available now.
The High Availability extension will be released in the second quarter of this year.
Novell also announced Suse Linux Enterprise JeOS (Just enough Operating System) on Tuesday, along with a set of tools that it said will allow independent software vendors to "assemble a virtual appliance with just the pieces of Suse Linux Enterprise necessary to support their specific application". That product will become available in April.
The company also said that later this year it will release updates for Suse Linux Enterprise Point of Service, Suse Linux Enterprise Real Time Extension and Suse Linux Enterprise Thin Client.
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For boarding the bus, you need to have a passport and a printed ticket. The data in the passenger's passport and his ticket must be the same.
In the absence of one of the listed conditions or the presence of another identity document, we are not able to guarantee the passenger boarding the bus, and the carrier has the right to refuse the passenger in boarding.
In the schedule and bus route information there is a detailed route and points of stops that the carrier transmits to us.
Please note that only the carrier can regulate the route, and only he determines the possibility of disembarking and landing outside the specified points of the route.
Additional questions about the stops or the route refinement can be obtained from the carrier's contact number indicated on the ticket.
Read the information on the ticket carefully. Sometimes the carrier specifies the required arrival time for check in. In other cases, we recommend to arrive at least an hour before departure.
Usually carriers open the sale on regular routes a month ahead and you can pre-purchase a ticket for the desired route.
All information that the Carrier transmitted to us, concerning the brand of the bus and the available services and facilities provided during the route, is displayed on our website while booking the ticket.
Additional information about the services on the bus you can always specify by the contacts of the Carrier, which are indicated in the ticket.
The ticket always indicates the local time of your location point. For example, if you have a ticket for a Warsaw - Minsk route, the departure will be due to Moscow time and your arrival will be according to the time in Kiev.We highly recommend you to pay attention to the difference in time zones if you are planning a connecting route.
Please note that the carrier has the right to refuse the passenger of the bus to carry hand baggage or baggage if this baggage blocks the passage of the vehicle to other passengers, or does not correspond to the number and size.
Information about the conditions of baggage on specific routes, you can always check with the carrier. Please contact our support team to contact the carrier before purchasing the ticket, or call the number listed on your ticket.
Our website displays all present routes with exact number of available seats for a selected date and number of passengers. We are constantly working on increasing the number of destinations and connecting new carriers. Perhaps the route you need will soon appear in the schedule.
All information about the route, including the exact address of departure, provided to us by the carrier, and is displayed on the website in the route schedule and in the ticket. You can always find out additional reference points or geolocation details by the carrier's contact number indicated on the ticket.
Use the search form on the main page of our website: specify the point of departure and arrival, the desired date of departure and the number of passengers, then click "Search for ticket". You will see a list of routes in the selected direction with the price and rating of carriers. Check out the schedule and select the appropriate route. If there are no seats or routes available on the selected date, the site will suggest the next date or alternative departure point.
We receive information about all changes on the bus route from the carrier, and therefore we cannot exclude the option of canceling the route for reasons beyond our control.
As soon as the carrier notifies us, we will immediately contact you and notify you of any changes on the route.
Additional information about the bus route and the bus number you can always find out by the contact number of the carrier specified in your ticket.
The average travel time, information about stops and the expected time of arrival at the final point of the route are displayed on our website in the bus route schedule and are always specified in the tickets.
Unfortunately, there are cases of unforeseen delay in arrival of the bus in connection with the situation on the road, the crossing of state borders or technical problems that can not be foreseen, that is why we strongly recommend that extra time be put on the trip and do not plan transfer or changing mode of transport less than 2 hours for domestic routes and less than 8 hours for international travelling.
While planning a trip with an animal, we strongly advise you to prepare in advance a veterinary passport with marks of vaccinations, an animal health certificate, a carrying bag or cage with a deaf bottom, as well as to ensure the availability of clean drinking water.
The carrier has the right to regulate the rules for transporting animals on the buses of their routes, so it is necessary to clarify this information individually. Please contact our support team in order to contact the carrier before purchasing the ticket, or call the number listed on your ticket.
After the trip, we will send to you an email with a travel assessment form to email address that is indicated in your booking. You can write a feedback and evaluate the carrier.
In virtue of each feedback that we receive, we generate a rating of the Carriers, which helps customers to choose the most reliable carrier.


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Q: d3js v7: animate projectile between two nodes in forceSimulation I have the following implementation of two nodes in a d3 v7 forceSimulation:

function anim() {
  d3.select("#test").attr("class", "link anim");
  setTimeout(() => {
      d3.select("#test").attr("class", "link");
  }, 1000);
}

var svg = d3.select("svg"),
  width = +svg.attr("width"),
  height = +svg.attr("height");

graph = {
  nodes: [],
  links: [],
}

var simulation = d3.forceSimulation()
  .force("center", d3.forceCenter(width / 2, height / 2).strength(0.01))
  .nodes(graph.nodes)
  .force("link", d3.forceLink(graph.links).distance(100))
  .on("tick", function() {
    svg.selectAll('.link')
      .attr("x1", function (d) { return d.source.x })
      .attr("y1", function (d) { return d.source.y })
      .attr("x2", function (d) { return d.target.x })
      .attr("y2", function (d) { return d.target.y })

    svg.selectAll('.node')
      .attr("cx", function (d) { return d.x })
      .attr("cy", function (d) { return d.y })
      .attr("transform", function (d) {
        return "translate(" + d.x + "," + d.y + ")";
      })
  }).alphaDecay(0.0002)

function update() {
  // update links
  var link = svg.selectAll('.link').data(graph.links);
  link.enter()
    .insert('line', '.node')
    .attr('class', 'link')
    .attr('id', "test")
    .style('stroke', '#d9d9d9');
  link
    .exit()
    .remove()

  // update nodes
  var node = svg.selectAll('.node').data(graph.nodes);
  var g = node.enter()
            .append('g')
            .attr('class', 'node');
  g.append('circle')
    .attr("r", 20)
    .style("fill", "#d9d9d9")
    .attr("cursor", "move");
  g.append('text')
    .attr("class", "text")
    .attr("dy", -25)
    .text(function (d) { return d.name });

  var drag = d3.drag()
    .on("drag", function(event, d) {
        d.fx = event.x;
        d.fy = event.y;
        simulation.alpha(0.3).restart();
    })
    .on("end", function(event, d) {
        d.fx = null;
        d.fy = null;
    });

  node.call(drag);

  node
    .exit()
    .remove();

  // update simulation
  simulation
    .nodes(graph.nodes)
    .force("link", d3.forceLink(graph.links).distance(100))
    .force("charge", d3.forceManyBody().strength(-200))
    .restart()
};

function addNode(node) {
  graph.nodes.push(node);
  update();
};

function connectNodes(source, target) {
  graph.links.push({
    source: source,
    target: target,
  });
  update();
};

addNode({
  id: "you",
  name: "you",
});

addNode({
    id: "other",
    name: "other"
});

connectNodes(0, 1);
.anim {
  animation: dash 1s linear forwards;
}

@keyframes dash {
  from {
    stroke-dasharray: 100;
    stroke-dashoffset: 100;
  }
  to {
    stroke-dasharray: 100;
    stroke-dashoffset: 0;
  }
}
<html>
<head>
  <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <svg width="400" height="200"></svg>
   <button onclick="anim()">Animate</button>
</body>
</html>

When the user clicks the "Animate" button, the line between the nodes gets redrawn. This solution is based of an article on how to animate lines being drawn. However, 1) I would like the line to stay static, and have the animation draw a projectile between the nodes instead - like a bullet being fired from "you" to "other". I couldn't figure out how do this with d3.
And 2) is there a better solution than removing the anim class after three seconds inside the anim() function ? I believe one could reset the css animation instead as suggested here: https://css-tricks.com/restart-css-animation/, but I am not sure how this would work in the d3 context. A problem with my solution is that spamming the Animate button does not reset the animation properly. With 1) implemented I would like the spamming effect two draw multiple bullets in succession (it does not need to wait for the animation to finish).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This standards track specification is in good shape from a transport point of view. Topics considered in this assessment were its discovery mechanism, its support of tools for denial of service and rate control issues on both the server and clients side, its ordering and data flow for the allowed disparate client endpoints, and its transport mapping, which is mandatory HTTPS.
One question that is referred to other areas is what recommendations would be given (or what spec referenced) for validation of uploaded blob objects (it looks like the flow control for these is fine).


To claim this profile, please confirm you are Serita Nunez.
To follow this profile, please let us know your relationship to Serita Nunez.
RESULTWin Varsity softball @ Hawkins.
The View Park varsity softball team won Friday's away conference game against Hawkins (Los Angeles, CA) by a score of 28-0.
Serita's softball stats have been updated for the win @ Fremont.
RESULTWin Varsity softball @ Fremont.
The View Park varsity softball team won Wednesday's away conference game against Fremont (Los Angeles, CA) by a score of 20-0.
The View Park varsity softball team lost Saturday's neutral tournament game against Barstow (CA) by a score of 7-0.
The View Park varsity softball team lost Saturday's neutral tournament game against Cleveland (Reseda, CA) by a score of 10-3.
RESULTWin Varsity softball vs. Dorsey.
The View Park varsity softball team won Friday's home conference game against Dorsey (Los Angeles, CA) by a score of 18-1.
RESULTWin Varsity softball vs. Locke.
The View Park varsity softball team won Wednesday's home conference game against Locke (Los Angeles, CA) by a score of 22-0.
The View Park varsity softball team lost Monday's home tournament game against Marshall (Los Angeles, CA) by a score of 1-0.
RESULTWin Varsity softball vs. Harbor Teacher.
The View Park varsity softball team won Friday's home non-conference game against Harbor Teacher (Wilmington, CA) by a score of 4-1.
RESULTLoss Varsity softball vs. Bell.
The View Park varsity softball team lost Monday's neutral non-conference game against Bell (CA) by a score of 2-1.
Serita has been added to the View Park softball roster.


Today we speak about two incredible missions conducted with Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (or AUVs). We first speak with Oscar Schofield from Rutgers University in the US about his fleet of gliders that can spend months at a time at sea, and some of their amazing achievements like crossing the Atlantic ocean. Our second guest is Mark Moline from the Center for Coastal Marine Sciences at Cal Poly State in California. He just came back from an expedition in the arctic where he used AUVs to discover that there are some agitated forms of life, in the deep cold.
Oscar Schofield is Professor of Bio-Optical Oceanography at the Rutgers Coastal Ocean Observation Lab or COOL lab at Rutgers University. Schofield tells us about the autonomous underwater gliders that the COOL lab uses to explore the depths of the ocean for months at a time, mapping currents and collecting valuable data on our oceans. These masters of efficiency cruise the oceans by taking advantage of small changes in buoyancy, gliding through the water in a saw-tooth pattern by pumping small amounts of water in and out of their torpedo-like bodies.
Schofield focuses on the specific case of the Scarlet Knight, a fantastic little glider that managed to cross the Atlantic Ocean fully autonomously while dodging fishing nets, strong currents and even the occasional shark. This resilient little glider's mission was meant to inspire a new generation of engineers and scientists to take advantage of the power of robotics to take care of our planet and help preserve its wealth.
Mark Moline is Professor at the Biological Sciences Department and part of the Center for Coastal Marine Sciences at Cal Poly State in California.
He just came home from a month-long expedition in the arctic with a team of 17 people and different types of exploration robots. In particular, he tells us about the work done with his AUVs in observing life under the icy arctic surface. To his surprise, the organisms and life forms he found there were well awake, courting and moving instead of the cold winter stupor which was expected. Moline also discusses challenges which arise when using robots in freezing conditions, such as ice accumulating on the robot when it is at the surface or having to find holes in the ice to emerge. Interestingly, the technology used to scan the ice could prove useful to effectively monitor global warming. Finally, he tells us about other missions he's planning with AUVs to monitor penguins and discusses the use of underwater robots to study biology in the future.
While the definition does fit many robots out there, we were able to find, as promised, a couple counter examples. For example, artistic robots, entertainment robots and useless robots, don't necessary fit the bill. We'll be continuing the discussion until we get our holy grail definition so keep them coming at info@robotspodcast.com.
For more information on the Willow Garage's free PR2 robots, lateral sense organs for robots and the two innovative Taiwanese burglars misusing a low-noise surveillance helicopter, visit the Robots Forum.


Looking for that perfect Intown Atlanta bungalow? To follow are all the Craftsman bungalows for sale in Atlanta GA (over $350K). Please note that some of the homes may not be 1920s or 1930s bungalows, so if you are a "purist", we would be happy to set up a customized search for you. This list is updated DAILY, so check back often!


text:
Describe the ethnic minority group selected. Describe the current health status of this group. How do race and ethnicity influence health for this group?
Select an ethnic minority group that is represented in the United States (American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian American, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander). Using health information available from Healthy People, the CDC, and other relevant government websites, analyze the health status for this group.
In a paper of 1,000-1,250 words, compare and contrast the health status of your selected minority group to the national average. Include the following:
What are the health disparities that exist for this group? What are the nutritional challenges for this group?
Discuss the barriers to health for this group resulting from culture, socioeconomics, education, and sociopolitical factors.
What health promotion activities are often practiced by this group?
Describe at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) that is likely to be the most effective in a care plan given the unique needs of the minority group you have selected. Provide an explanation of why it might be the most effective choice.
What cultural beliefs or practices must be considered when creating a care plan? What cultural theory or model would be best to support culturally competent health promotion for this population? Why?
Cite at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and public health content.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
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In 1995, twins Randy and Jesse Toor converted their apple orchard on Black Sage Road into a vineyard to grow reds for Domaine de Chaberton Estate Winery in Langley. The initial plan was to operate their own modest winery, selling a few thousand cases a year.
However, demand for their wines propelled them in 2006 to complete a major winery expansion, giving Desert Hills a capacity now for 10,000 cases a year. The Toors now own two vineyards on Black Sage Road and one near Osoyoos, with special emphasis on red varieties. They vintaged their first zinfandel in 2007.


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Browse through all of the KSP History posts at http://www.ksphistory.com. Throughout history, comets have caused great awe and wonder to us, inspired us to make bold claims of good (or bad) luck, and made their way into the annals of historical record and various works of art. Through the work of astronomers, engineers, and visionaries, the space age that took hold of the world in the 1960s provided a means to finally explore the comets up close. This is the story of the most famous comet of them all.
In the year 109 BCE, the Chinese historian Sima Qian completed the "Records of the Grand Historian" or "Shiji". This monumental record of ancient China had been in the works for generations, having been started by Sima Qian's father, Sima Tan. In it, a great comet is described as having passed east to north, in the year 240 BCE.
In 164 BCE, the Babylonians spotted a similar comet, marking its passage in cuneiform surviving to this day.
In 87 BCE, the great Armenian King Tigranes, who had been crowned just eight years earlier, bore the comet on his bust for his kingdom's coins. Tigranes went on to expand Armenia's reach to its greatest extent, making it the most powerful kingdom east of Rome.
Some believe that this same comet was in fact the Star of Bethlehem, described in the Bible, on its 12 BCE passage, which is theorized to be near the actual birth of Christ.
The comet's 141 AD passing gave portent to the death of Yanaikatchai Mantaran Cheral Irumporai, a South Indian King. Poets of the time record that upon witnessing its passing, the King waited seven days and then died. Astronomers continued to record the comet's passing through the first centuries of the common era, but the lack of communication and cohesion, and life-long period of the comet, meant that no historians connected the repeating pattern.
In 1066, the Norman army of William the Conquerer marked the passing of the comet as a good omen. William then defeated Harold II, gaining control of England and establishing the English Monarchy as we know it today.
In 1301, the painter and father of the Italian Renaissance, Giotto di Bondone sighted the comet, and painted it in his "Adoration of the Magi". This painting of course, would inspire the name of the Giotto mission by the ESA.
Finally, in 1705, the astronomer Edmund Halley published "Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets", in which he surmises that the recorded comets of 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682 were in fact the same comet, on a 76 year orbit around the sun.
Halley, the son of a soap-maker from Haggerston, London, did not live to see the comet's return in 1759, but in his work successfully predicted it. When his prediction came true, the comet generally became known as Halley's Comet. This proved to be one of the first true demonstrations of Newtonian physics' ability to predict the motion of celestial bodies.
By the 20th century, naming comets after their discoverers became common practice, but as more and more instruments began discovering them, this became impractical. A numbering system was devised based on order of discovery for periodic comets. Being the first, Halley's Comet became known as 1P/Halley. 1910's passing brought the first photographs on record, like this one published in the New York Times. Little did the comet know, its next return to the inner solar system would bring it into the realm of man's exploration of space.
Concepts for Halley's exploration began in the 1970s. Originally, the ESA planned to collaborate with the US on a joint mission, but when the US backed out, they turned to others for help. The Soviets, still eager to beat the US at anything, launched their Vega 1 and 2 probes (http://imgur.com/a/eZlLL) in 1984. Then the Japanese contributed with Sakigake (http://imgur.com/a/rfNc4) and Suisei (http://imgur.com/a/O5pvb). The ESA would send Giotto (http://imgur.com/a/egjJd). Together, the probes would become known as "The Halley Armada".
To recreate the encounter, I did a little setup, a little cheating, and a little fine tuning. Grabbing a Class E Asteroid from the tracking centre, I named it appropriately, then edited my save file to input Halley's orbital characteristics upon it. You can see the four primary spacecraft approaching it here (I didn't actually launch Vega 2). I'm sure this might disappoint some of you, but I had to use some hyperedit help to set up the string of encounters - I just didn't have the time/skill to plan a launch schedule of four ships to pass within the exact distances of a retrograde comet.
1P/Halley orbits in a highly eccentric retrograde orbit, going against the motions of the planets at about 162 degrees. This makes rendezvous with it nearly impossible. The Armada would conduct only high-speed fly-bys, passing in front or behind the orbit as it passed through the ecliptic.
Suisei (http://imgur.com/a/O5pvb) went to work first. It's UV camera began taking up to six photos a day in November of 1985.
The image didn't show much - but it did allow the Japanese scientists to see the difference before and after various outbursts of gas.
Though not technically part of the Armada, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (http://imgur.com/a/AdlJt), launched eight years earlier, was able to monitor the comet from its orbit around Venus in February 1986.
Pioneer-Venus was able to monitor water loss using UV spectrometry at a time when Halley's proximity to the sun made it undetectable from Earth.
Finally, the encounters would begin, starting with the Armada's vanguard, Vega 1 (http://imgur.com/a/eZlLL). The onboard cameras began imaging the comet on March 4th 1986. Vega 2 followed suit three days later. Yes, Kraken hath stricken Vega.
Vega 1's closest approach was at 8,889km, and Vega 2 got closer, at 8,030km, happening just two days after photography began. This is the best shot taken by Vega. Though both spacecraft were battered by dust from Halley, their instruments remained intact. The Vega probes calculated the size of Halley at around 14km at nucleus, and determined its rotation at 53 hours.
Suisei also made it's closest approach around this time. Aided by guidance from Sakigake, it came within 151,000km of the comet on March 8th.
The photos didn't get much better, but Japan had just executed a very respectable fly-by distance for only their second mission to leave Earth Orbit.
Suisei's pathfinder did not get near - it's closest approach was on March 11th just shy of 7 million kilometers. It's primary mission had been to get Suisei closer, which it accomplished well. This paved the way for the main event...Giotto.
The Giotto mission (http://imgur.com/a/egjJd), armed with extra guidance from its Armada companions, lined up its approach to within 600km of the nucleus.
As Giotto approached and activated its scientific instruments, the dust from the comet began to pelt its kevlar shield. Things got rough and it would not have been a very safe place to be. Soon, a large impact knocked the satellite into an axial spin, turning the antenna away from Earth and exposing the instrumentation to damage. Thirty two minutes later, the little probe that could righted itself and resumed science.
Giotto's Multicolour Camera went to work. The ESA stitched this together based on the shots sent back, one of the most beautiful images of the comet that exists. It did so in the nick of time as well. Not long after, another impact destroyed the camera. From here, Giotto, battered and bruised, carried on into space.
Though the Americans did not send a dedicated mission to Halley, other spacecraft of theirs were in position to study it. Here, the International Cometary Explorer (http://imgur.com/a/Couuy), formerly known as ISEE-3, passes through the Comet tail at a distance of 28,000,000km, further than even the Earth was at that time.
Even Pioneer 7, launched in 1966, was able to study the solar wind's impact on the comet's tail.
After taking their photographs, both Vega 1 and Vega 2 passed into heliocentric orbit. Their propellant lasted only until early 1987. Then, attitude control failed, and contact was lost. These probes are considered some of the last great interplanetary missions by the Soviets/Russians.
Sakigake had been planned to make an encounter with the comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, but propellant shortages forced an end to the mission. Telemetry was lost in 1995, but its beacon signal could be detected as late as 1999. Suisei was able to execute course corrections which enabled it to complete an Earth fly-by in 1992. It too ran out of hydrazine, preventing two planned encounters with other comets. All in all, Japan had done well with their probes.
Giotto had conducted the best science. It determined the contents of the ejected materials (mostly water with some carbon monoxide, methane and ammonia) as well as the surface area that was active. Of course its pictures are what truly captivate us onward to this day.
Giotto was sent into a new trajectory after its encounter, coming back to Earth in 1990. There, it conducted a gravity assist manoeuvre. This allowed it to make a second visit to the comet 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup i 1992, though no photos exist due to the damage it sustained at Halley. In 1999, it made a second Earth fly-by, but by then, it was deactivated.
Throughout history, Halley's Comet has inspired humanity, from peasants to Kings, scholars to engineers, lovers and dreamers and everyone in between. Each time it passes, our understanding of it, and the nature of the outer solar system, increases. Halley's first encounter with mankind and its instruments proved fruitful, but it will not compare to its next pass. In 2061, when it returns, its tough not to dream of the technology and scientific advancements we'll use to study it again.


Our Halloween apparel for teenagers are jam-filled with bottomless apparel options. Rock one of our Fortnite pores and derma apparel (like the Cranium Trooper). Halloween hey boo. And yield your Halloween amusement to the afterward stage! For abounding individuals.
The aperture of the Spirit Halloween food of their boondocks marks the alpha of the Halloween season, and for acceptable cause.


text:
L'Armée de terre italienne (en italien, Esercito italiano [e'zrito ita'ljano]) est une des quatre forces armées en Italie, avec la Marina militare, l'Aeronautica militare et les Carabiniers (Carabinieri).

En son sein sont présentes des familles de tradition prestigieuse : les Alpini (en français chasseurs alpins) et les régiments de Bersaglieri [bersa'jri] créés par décret royal le  sur proposition du capitaine Alessandro La Marmora.

Histoire
L'Armée de terre italienne (Esercito Italiano) est issue des cinq divisions d'infanterie de l'Armée royale italienne (Regio Esercito) qui disparut en 1946 lors de la proclamation de la république.

Guerre froide
Les besoins de l'Armée italienne à s'intégrer dans une défense globale contre une invasion soviétique potentielle, l'amène à intégrer l'OTAN dès sa création en 1949. Le commandement des forces terrestres alliées d'Europe du Sud (Allied Land Forces Southern Europe LANDSOUTH) créé en 1951, est confié à un italien, le Lieutenant-Général Mauricio Lazzaro De Castiglioni. À la tête de trois divisions d'infanterie et de trois brigades, il doit protéger le nord de l'Italie d'une invasion possible venant de Yougoslavie. Ces divisions étaient la division d'infanterie mécanisée Folgore basée à Trévise, la division d'infanterie motorisée Trieste basée à Bologne et la division d'infanterie Mantova basé à Udine. Les brigades étaient la brigade d'alpins Julia basée à Cividale del Friuli, la brigade d'alpins Tridentina basée à Bressanone et la brigade blindée Ariete basée à Pordenone. L'exercice Italic Weld est le premier exercice international (participation des armées de l'air turque, grecque et américaine) interarmes de l'Armée de terre italienne en .

Au cours des années 1950, l'Armée de terre italienne fut réorganisée en trois corps d'armée. Le troisième corps d'armée s'installa à Milan, le quatrième corps alpin d'armée s'installa à Bolzano et le cinquième corps d'armée s'installa à Vittorio Veneto. La réforme de 1975 entraîna la suppression des régiments (jusqu'en 1991) et les bataillons se retrouvaient directement sous le commandement des brigades. Une nouvelle réforme en 1986 renforça l'organisation vers trois corps d'armée lorsque les brigades du sud de l'Italie furent intégrées à ces trois corps.

Depuis 1991
À l'instar des armées occidentales, l'Armée de terre italienne a subi de nombreuses réformes, visant régulièrement une diminution de ses effectifs. Dès 1991, sept brigades (Aquileia, Brescia, Goito, Mameli, Orobica, Trieste et Vittorio Veneto) sont dissoutes. Une nouvelle réforme en 1997, voit la disparition de six brigades supplémentaires (Acqui, Cadore, Cremona, Gorizia, Legnano et Mantova) et une vaste réorganisation des trois corps d'armée (changements de bases, réassignations des unités...). Le troisième corps d'armée devient le commandement des forces de projection (COMFOP), le quatrième corps alpin d'armée devient le commandement des alpins (COMALP) et le cinquième corps d'armée devient le premier commandement des forces de défense (COMFOD1) pour le Nord de l'Italie. En 1998 est créé le second commandement des forces de défense (COMFOD2) pour le centre et le sud de la péninsule. Parallèlement, L'OTAN réorganise le LANDSOUTH qui devient le COMFOTER (commandement des forces opérationnelles terrestres) et le COMSUP (commandement de soutien) est créé en complément des quatre autres commandements italiens.

En 1998, la structure de l'Armée de terre s'organise ainsi :
COMFOTER
COMFOP
Brigade d'infanterie aéroportée Folgore
Brigade d'infanterie mécanisée Friuli
Brigade de bersagliers Garibaldi
COMALP
Brigade d'alpins Julia
Brigade d'alpins Taurinense
Brigade d'alpins Tridentina
COMFOD 1
Brigade blindée Ariete
Brigade d'infanterie mécanisée Centauro
Brigade de cavalerie Pozzuolo del Friuli
COMFOD 2
Brigade d'infanterie mécanisée Aosta
Brigade d'infanterie mécanisée Granatieri di Sardegna
Brigade d'infanterie mécanisée Sassari
Brigade blindée Pinerolo
COMSUP
Brigade d'artillerie
Brigade du génie
Commandement de l'aviation de l'Armée de terre
Commandement de l'artillerie anti-aérienne
Commandement du soutien logistique
Commandement des forces opérationnelles terrestres
En 2002, une nouvelle réforme décide de la fin de la conscription pour 2006, le COMFOP, réduit à une seule brigade, devient le NRDC-IT (corps de projection rapide de l'OTAN pour l'Italie). Les brigades Folgore et Friuli (cette dernière devenant une brigade aéroportée avec cavalerie, infanterie et aviation) intègrent le COMFOD 1, et la brigade Garibaldi passe sous commandement du COMFOD 2.

En 2011, le COMSUP a intégré les différentes écoles de l'Armée de terre et les réorganisa pour devenir des brigades de soutien potentielles. En outre, la brigade blindée Pinerolo devient une brigade d'infanterie mécanisée.

L'année 2013 voit une réforme majeure aboutir. Les commandements opérationnels COMALP, COMFOD 1 et 2 sont dissous. L'artillerie et le génie doivent intégrer le reste des brigades pour 2016. En outre, le commandement de l'Armée de terre historiquement placé au Nord (Vérone) déménage à Rome en 2015. À l'issue de cette réforme, en 2016, l'Armée de terre italienne est organisée autour de neuf brigades.
 2 brigades blindées (Ariete et Garibaldi)
 2 brigades mécanisées (Aosta et Pinerolo)
 4 brigades d'infanterie (Folgore, Julia, Taurinense et Sassari)
 1 brigade aéroportée (Pozzuolo del Friuli)

Organisation
L'Armée de terre italienne s'articule en 2016 autour de quatre commandements et neuf brigades de combat.
Le commandement de soutien opérationnel dispose de trois régiments du génie, deux régiments d'artillerie et d'un régiment spécialisé NBC. Le commandement des transmissions est divisé en deux brigades, l'une pour les transmissions (7 régiments), l'autre pour les missions spéciales (1 régiment d'écoute, et un régiment de guerre électronique). Le commandement de l'aviation de l'Armée de terre est constitué d'une brigade (trois régiments d'hélicoptères, et un escadron d'avions), d'un département du matériel (quatre régiments de soutien aérien) et d'un centre de formation (deux escadrons d'hélicoptères). Le commandement de la défense aérienne dispose de quatre régiments.

Les neuf brigades de combat sont les suivantes :

Équipements

Armement individuel :
 Pistolets semi-automatique Beretta 92 FS, Glock 17 et Glock 19
 Pistolet mitrailleur Beretta M12S, HK MP5 et FN P90
 Fusils d'assaut ARX 160, AR 70/90, M4 A1, Franchi SPAS 15 et HK416
 Mitrailleuses FN Minimi, MG42/59 et M2 Browning
 Fusils de précision Accuracy International AWP, Sako TRG et Barrett M82
 Missiles antichars M72 LAW, Panzerfaust 3, Milan, BGM-71 TOW et Spike
 Missile anti-aérien FIM-92 Stinger

Véhicules blindés :

 Char d'assaut Ariete : 200
 Chasseur de char Centauro : 389
 Véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie Dardo : 300
 Véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie Freccia : 381
 Véhicule de transport de troupes M113 : plus de 1 000
 Véhicule de transport de troupes Puma : 550
 Véhicule de transport de troupes Orso 4x4 : 56
 Véhicule de transport de troupes VAB : 40
 Véhicule de transport de troupes Cougar HE : 12
 Véhicule de transport de troupes MaxxPro : 24
 Véhicule de transport léger Lince : 1800
 Véhicule de transport léger VM 90 : 2 000
 Véhicule de transport amphibie Bandvagn 206 : 300
 Véhicule d'assaut amphibie AAV-7A1 : 17
 Véhicule blindé du génie Buffalo : 7
 Canon automoteur PzH 2000 : 68
 Canon automoteur M109 : 96
 Lance-roquettes multiple M270: 24

Aéronefs :

 Hélicoptère polyvalent A109 : 17
 Hélicoptère d'attaque Mangusta : 59
 Hélicoptère de transport lourd Chinook : 18
 Hélicoptère de transport moyen NH90 TTH : 60
 Hélicoptère polyvalent Bell 212 : 18
 Hélicoptère polyvalent Bell 412 : 22
 Avion de transport Do 228 : 3
 Avion d'affaire Avanti : 3
 Drone de reconnaissance AAI Shadow 200 : 16
 Drone de reconnaissance FQM-151 Pointer : 6

Engagements
À l'issue de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, avec la perte de ses colonies, il fut convenu que l'Italie ne pourrait pas se déployer à l'étranger jusqu'en 1970. La première opération extérieure sera un détachement de soldats de la paix (FINUL) à Beyrouth en 1982. L'Armée de terre prit part à la guerre du Golfe en 1991, en évacuant les réfugiés kurdes au nord de l'Irak. L'Italie a contribué également à l'EUFOR (Bosnie-Herzégovine) et à la KFOR (Kosovo).

Après le , l'Italie apporte sa contribution à l'ISAF (Afghanistan) avec un contingent de  (en 2006) à  (en 2011). L'Armée de terre déploie une compagnie du génie, une unité de logistique et deux sections, une de police militaire et une spécialisée NBC. L'Italie a assuré le commandement régional ouest pour l'ISAF à Hérat. Une compagnie supplémentaire issue du  d'alpins a été chargée de protéger ce quartier général. À la fin du conflit, l'Italie a perdu .

La participation de l'Italie à la guerre d'Irak fut plus ambiguë. Lorsque les  italiens furent déployées à l'été 2003, la guerre avait été déclarée terminée par le président américain quelques mois auparavant. En 2005, les premiers retraits s'effectuent, et l'Italie évacue l'Irak dès 2006. Le bilan sera de , dont dix-neuf au cours d'une attaque suicide le .

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
Liste des régiments de l'armée de terre italienne
Forces armées italiennes

Liens externes
   Site officiel

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: recursive divison of number I have following code to divide one number recursively by another number:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int divide(int number,int dividend){
    int answer=0;
    if (number>dividend  || number==dividend ){
        answer+=1;
        return  divide(number-dividend,dividend);
    }
    return answer;
}

int main(){
    cout<<divide(20,5)<<endl;
    return 0;
}

but unfortunately I get zero as answer. Do you see what is wrong?

A: In the if branch you are incrementing answer but returning something unrelated (the result of the recursive call). I am sure, this is not what you want. Go from there.

A: Answer is a local variable. When you run this code, the first call to divide creates an instance of the answer variable, sets it to 0, and then increments it to 1. Then, when you recursively call divide again, it creates a brand new instance of the answer variable, sets that instance to 0, and then increments that instance to 1.
In your final call to divide, it creates a brand new instance of the answer variable, sets that instance to 0, but since now number<=dividend it doesn't increment it, and it returns that instance of answer which is 0.

A: You are recursively running the following code:
if (number>dividend  || number==dividend ){
    answer+=1;
    return  divide(number-dividend,dividend);
}

But once the recursive calling ends (which is number < dividend), you will ignore the if statement and return 0;

A: You do int answer=0; in the start of function call, so when the if statement is wrong, it returns 0 so you should define it as input parameter (by reference call) or make it global (not recommended) and do not set it to zero, just set it before your recursive function call.


text:
Ogun: Abiodun commissions 130 housing units, promises 2,500 houses
July 1, 2021 Hakeem Adegbenro News 0
Abiodun
Ogun state Governor, Prince Dapo Abiodun ,Thursday, commissioned about 130 housing units at the Kemta Housing Estate Abeokuta, with a promise that his administration will construct another 2500 units in the next four years.
Christened Prince Court Estate, the housing project falls within the first phase of the 300 detached and semi-detached of two and three-bedroom structures to be constructed at the site.
Governor Abiodun said the project is first in the series of housing estates being undertaken by his administration across the state, adding that the each estates will provided with amenities, such as tarred road, water supply, good drainage system, fence, security and power supply.
He said though shelter as one of the basic needs of human beings, has continued to be one of the most expensive assets to own by individuals, his government would harness all resources and manpower to reduce poverty and provide affordable shelter for the people.
Noting that the estate was an attestation of his administration's commitment towards infrastructural development in general and provision of decent shelter, Abiodun disclosed that the second phase of the 300 housing units would commence in the next few weeks, which according to him, will be over 10 percent of housing units targeted in four years.
He said housing projects were commenced simultaneously in the state through the the Ogun State Housing Corporation, Ministry of Housing and the Ogun State Property and Investment Corporation (OPIC), in order to be able to deliver the houses and reducing the housing deficits in the state.
The governor noted that the project was part of the incumbent government's wholesome design for Greater Abeokuta as a befitting Capital City.
Earlier in his remarks, the Commissioner for Housing, Jamiu Omoniyi, said the estate, which is in the category of affordable housing was built in 92 days and engaged 5,040 direct labourers drawn from the locality.
Bala to fertiliser coy: Sell commodity to genuine farmers
Group hails AbdulRazaq on Onagun's appointment as adviser


Position, prestige and panorama: the joy of life in Venice.
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Palazzo Garzoni Moro is an architectural jewel in the heart of the Grand Canal – apart. Over two hundred windows with enchanting views of Venice enrich the palazzo's Late-Gothic facade, accentuating its luminosity. The construction extends forward of neighboring buildings into the Grand Canal and provides rare amplitude with three waterfront facades - an exceptional quality on the world's most famous waterway. Venice's flawless fascination and its millenary history are embodied in this distinguished residential palace designed to suit contemporary tastes, for a new living experience.
The palazzo is placed in a central and strategic location, essential for moving about the heart of the city, yet discreetly tucked away from Venice's tourist scene. The adjacent Sant'Angelo stop provides quick connections by water taxi to the Marco Polo Airport and by waterbus to the Lido and other city areas. The San Tomà gondola ferry joins the two banks of the Grand Canal, connecting the San Polo and Dorsoduro districts to that of San Marco, and conveniently moors at the palazzo's entryway.
Enjoy convenient access to the "true" Venice as well as a quick retreat from the hustle and bustle by simply crossing the threshold of your own home: Palazzo Garzoni Moro makes this dream a daily reality.
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It is yet another intact example of the renowned Venetian secret gardens that magically connects us to "La Serenissima's" fascinating Oriental gardening tradition.
Palazzo Garzoni Moro dates back to the mid 15th century. Originally commisioned by a wealthy family of merchants, it later became the property of the Garzoni family in the 1600's. Acclaimed as one the Republic of Venice's most illustrious families, they maintained their remarkable tenure here for centuries. As an emblem of power and wealth, the Palace housed the library of Pietro Garzoni - the grandson of the family's progenitor and an eminent historian - in one of its grand halls at the time of "La Serenissima", thereby consecrating the palace as a symbol of the city of Venice.
An attentive and sympathetic restoration emanates from every detail. Thanks to passionate, scolarly restoration that has highlighted the building's rich architectural heritage assets, the Palazzo's authentic identity has been brought back to light, restituting it to tradition and to history. Venetian character emerges through the use of traditional Venetian surface finishes such as terazzo flooring, and marble and fine wood features that are elegantly showcased against a contemporary approach to living aimed at offering its residents an incomparable quality of life.
The Palazzo's intimate interior side has a collection of eight elegant apartments that offer two-bedroom accommodation on spacious square footage. The properties develop on either a single floor or on two floors, following a rational and efficient layout, with an excellent distribution of spaces.
A staircase and elevator provide comfortable access to the residences. The building also has a private water access with a mooring directly on the Grand Canal.
Precious marbles and stones, refined wooden decorations, Venetiann-style floorings, traditional-style balconies, exquisitely fine details that express the excellence of exceptional Italian craftsmanship and reflect the noble elegance of the Palace. Finishes and details ahve been defined using a considered, tailored approach in order to create custom-made homes that meet our dicerning clients' expectations and reflect the enchanting allure of Venice.
A pleasant walk from Palazzo Garzoni Moro is all it takes to be fully immersed in Venice's most lively and authentic scene - the same Venice that has for centuries held such an intense appeal in the collective immagination, drawing artists, writers and prominent figures to its sphere. A minute's walk connects Palazzo Garzoni Moro with the Rialto Bridge, Saint Mark's and the cultural and artistic sites that are symbols of the city, such as the Teatro La Fenice, Palazzo Grassi, the Peggy Guggenheim Collection and the Accademia Museum. Campo Santo Stefano and Campo Sant'Angelo - among the city's most animated and characteristic intersections - are in the immediate vicinity.


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text:
What Is a Formal Assessment?
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Find Top Rated Results - Search for The Best Results
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Search for Top-rated Results. Check Out the Latest Results Right Here. Look for Answers & Top Results. Find What You're Looking for With Top Results.
A formal assessment is a standardized method for testing how well a student has learned the material that has been taught. Formal assessments create statistical models that can be used to compute the performance of each student.
Four types of tests are used in formal assessments. Standardized tests, such as the ACT, compare a student's knowledge to that of a regional or national group of students. Program tests, such as common quizzes, are used to measure the level of knowledge retention. Essay tests, such as dissertations, are used to measure the student's intellectual breadth and level of discourse. Criterion-referenced tests, such as driving and citizenship exams, measure the student's level of proficiency in a subject based on established learning standards.
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What Is a Cumulative Exam?
How Do You Take a Predictive Index Test?
Facts About Primary and Secondary Data


text:
Q: Write current page URL into anchor tag for microdata I am trying to use jquery to write the current page's URL into an anchor tag, that I can then tag for schema.org microdata. Here's what I got so far:

This writes the current page's url onto the page, however it is not in an anchor tag, and that tag does not include the proper microdata label of: itemprop="url"
Here is an example of the anchor tag I hope to achieve:

I've tried searching around for a solution, but I simply do not know the programming language to accomplish this task. Any help would be appreciated!
Thanks - Alex

A: $('body').append($("").attr('href',document.URL).text(document.URL));

Demo ---> http://jsfiddle.net/kLu7j/
Or -
$('body').append($("",{
    href: document.URL,
    text: document.URL,
    itemprop:'url'
}));

Demo --> http://jsfiddle.net/kLu7j/1/


The son of Lord Luciano and the premium mare Anemone by Sabary presented himself very confident at the Webelsgrund foal championchip June 6th, 2010 - and he was proclaimed as the unchallenged champion. The colt is a clear stallion candidate, he's noble and masculine and he shows a good construction. He's got top grades concerning his traits, too.