What attributes do you ascribe to someone who you think of as intelligent? Do you think of them as really smart? Do they have to know a lot? Do they have to have a great memory? Understand math? Speak more than one language?
Intelligence is the capacity for reasoning, learning and understanding. A person with good intellect or intelligence quotient (IQ) is one who can look at things, assess them and make reasoned judgments about them.
Some years ago we realized that there were many people who had good intellect (IQ) but were lacking in their overall ability because they had poor emotional intelligence (EQ).
In other words, people with poor emotional intelligence are often unable to use their intellect to full capacity because their own emotions and their inability to understand other's emotions get in the way.
Someone could be smart in one way but dumb in another. In fact, people with higher emotional intelligence (EQ) are often better prepared for stressful events than those with a higher IQ.
It is therefore important to learn how to increase your emotional intelligence because it will likely help you to succeed, especially under pressure.
Jeff is smart, educated, and attractive.
After a string of relationships, he is at a loss as to why his partners kept breaking things off.
He wants his current relationship to last. But things aren't looking good. Couples counseling is his partner's latest suggestion and Jeff is seriously considering it.
Again and again (even at the office), Jeff had been told to work on his "people skills." He is often accused of never listening or paying attention. But he still wonders what they meant. What exactly is holding him back socially?
• Have you sensed or heard from others that your interactions with people or partners are difficult or not what they should be?
• Do you feel like, regardless of how smart or talented you are, your relationships just feel off?
• What does it take to get a handle on your own feelings, let alone grasp what's going on inside other people?
It may be that you are wrestling with your emotional quotient (EQ).
Well, just as your IQ measures your level of intellectual intelligence, the EQ is defined as a person's emotional intelligence. If you have a strong ability to notice, identify and respond appropriately to the emotions of others, you likely have a high EQ.
Understanding your level of emotional intelligence matters because head knowledge and physical skill will only take you so far. A disconnect between what you know in your head and how you interact emotionally makes it difficult to engage life and people fully.
Want to know where you fall on the EQ continuum?
According to well-known American psychologist Daniel Goleman, there are actually five recognized components of emotional intelligence. People with a high EQ generally have high levels of the following characteristics.
Self-awareness is the EQ foundation. It allows for effective boundary setting and a healthy ability to say no when necessary. Thus, overwhelm, burn out, and high degrees of stress are less likely. To improve in this area, routine reflection on your experiences, triggers, and values is crucial.
Self-regulation supports balanced perspective. If you find yourself to be overly demanding, anxious, prone to perfectionism, or resistant to change, this aspect of your EQ may need some attention.
Also, to become more receptive to others' feedback, consider time in an individual or couples counseling setting.
People with high emotional intelligence also tend to be highly motivated and positive. Does your partner seem frustrated with your behavior in this regard?
When it comes to relationships having a clear sense of purpose, goals and a positive attitude considerably boost your EQ. It's important to be able to identify your negative thoughts then re frame them so that you are able to cooperate well and reach your relationship goals.
What does emotionally intelligent motivation look like?
Motivated people know their strengths and weakness. High EQ is reflected in your ability to pursue what is best for you and those you care about with a high degree of positivity and consistency.
Fielding emotional signals and sending back the appropriate feedback in a comforting and understanding manner is a large part of a high EQ.
Without strong interpersonal skills, satisfying romantic and career interaction may be tough to secure. "People skills" support your life with others. Are these high EQ people skills easy or difficult for you?
• Influence. Are you persuasive, does your partner trust your point of view?
• Communication. Can you communicate clearly?
• Leadership. Can you inspire and guide without force or intimidation?
• Care. Do you nurture your relationships?
• Cooperation. Do you work well with others?
• Conflict management. Do you willingly engage, negotiate and reach mutual resolutions?
Essentially, an emotionally intelligent person hears, validates and responds effectively.
Need help boosting your emotional brain?
Emotional intelligence is an important element of healthy love. Couples counseling can be a part of developing your own EQ and getting the most out of your relationship or marriage.
Click here to learn more about couples counseling and how to have a successful relationship.
Dr. Stan Hyman is a licensed psychotherapist and life coach in private practice in Miami, Florida. He works with couples struggling with powerful issues such as infidelity, careers, intimacy, and communication. He also specializes in treating addictions, anger, anxiety, stress, depression and work-life balance.


Sign a new membership before the 1st of July and save R1188 on your next 12 months at Cape CrossFit!
We are restructuring our membership fees on the 1st of July.
Join us now and you too can become the fittest version of yourself in one of our boxes this winter! But we wouldn't be us if we didn't let any of our current members, or any of you sitting on the outside looking in, first get the chance to lock your fees in for the coming year at the lower fees available before the 1st of July 2016! Our memberships are still NOT based on a long term contract, but we still secure your fee at sign up for a full 12 months - meaning that you can not be affected by future price increases until your current 12 month period is up.
CCF GARDENS: Our Original CrossFit Box in Cape Town, just down the road from Gardens Centre.
CCF NEWLANDS: Our Southern Suburbs Box, on Claremont Main Road.
CCF FORESHORE: Our newest box on the lower end of Bree Street, close to the Waterfront.
CCF UNLIMITED: Our most popular membership as it gives you access to all classes, starting any time during the day, AND access to all three CCF Boxes! R1200 per month if signed before the 1st of July 2016.
CCF UNLIMITED - Off Peak: Same as the above, only limitation is that this membership gives access to classes starting from 07.00 in the morning to no later then 16.30 in the afternoon. R1000 per month if signed before the 1st of July 2016.
CCF BASE: This membership gives you local access to one CCF Box of your choice for up to 3 classes per week at any time during the day. R1000 per month if signed before the 1st of July 2016.
CCF BASE - Off Peak: Same as the above, local access to one CCF Box of your choice for up to 3 classes per week, but limited to classes starting from 07.00 in the morning to no later then 16.30 in the afternoon. R800 per month if signed before the 1st of July 2016.
These fees will be applicable to any membership signed from the 1st of July 2016 - If you sign up before then you will save R99/month on any of the memberships for a full 12 months!
Assigned Coach Program: All our members have their own assigned coach. We are actively working to make our members sit down with their coach regularly in what we call CCF Goal Getting Sessions.
Goal Getting Sessions: Everyone is different and we want to work with your individual goals in mind. All members have access to one Goal Getting Session per month, (bookable by the member), to talk about Nutrition, Goals, and work on any Skills of choice from the member.
Most of our training is done in a fun group environment, but we also believe that each athlete have individual needs that we cover in Personal sessions.
3 months sign up period - we believe in commitment to yourself!
With new memberships we do enforce a 3 months sign up period as we believe that you need to commit to yourself in order to see the best results. After the initial 3 months we have a simple 30 day cancellation policy as we believe that "we need to be good enough to make our members want to stay forever" rather then having long term contracts. Come and check us out in a FREE of charge intro and we are pretty sure that you will agree that you are worth a 3 months investment that will change your life. After that we reckon that you will never want to leave our healthy community, just like our current members.
Current members can extend their membership and secure their current fees for an additional 12 months!
If you are a current member at CCF you are already exempt from the price changes taking place on the 1st of July 2016 as it is (your current fee will always be applicable for your current 12 month membership period). You can however extend that period with an additional 12 months if you know that you want to keep on training in the best gym in the world for a long time. If you do sign an extension we will simply add that after your current 12 month contract expires and the only thing that carries over is that you do commit to adding a 3 months commitment to your membership. This is a bit technical and we will gladly explain in person, but as an example if you still have 6 months left on your current membership and do add another 12 months to lock in your fees but then have to cancel your agreement for any reason, then we simply require 3 more payments from the cancellation date - unless that date is already in to your next 12 months membership. Please email us if you have any questions on this!
What are you waiting for? Join our amazing community now!


text:
July 18, 2015 / 12:30 AM / in 4 years
Islamic State used poison gas in northeast Syria: Kurds, monitor
Tom Perry
BEIRUT (Reuters) - The Islamic State group used poison gas in attacks against Kurdish-controlled areas of northeastern Syria in late June, a Syrian Kurdish militia and a group monitoring the Syrian conflict said on Saturday.
Two UK-based organizations investigating the attack said they had confirmed Islamic State's use of chemical weapons against Kurdish forces and civilian targets in Syria and Iraq, where they said chemical agents were also used in an attack on an Iraqi Kurdish peshmerga position on June 21 or 22.
Kurdish forces are playing a vital role in the fight against Islamic State in both Syria and Iraq. The ultra-radical group has seized wide areas of both countries, declaring them part of a cross-border "caliphate" claiming to rule all Muslims.
The Syrian Kurdish YPG militia said Islamic State had fired "makeshift chemical projectiles" on June 28 at a YPG-controlled area of the city of Hasaka, and at YPG positions south of the town of Tel Brak to the northeast of Hasaka city.
It was the first Islamic State attack of its kind against the YPG, said Redur Xelil, spokesman for the militia.
The type of chemical used had not been definitively determined, he said. None of the YPG fighters exposed to the gas had died because they were quickly taken to hospital.
The White House said it was aware of the reports of chemical weapons use and was seeking additional information.
"We continue to monitor these reports closely," Alistair Baskey, a spokesman for the White House National Security Council, said in a statement.
The YPG has emerged as an important partner for the U.S.-led campaign against Islamic State. Backed by U.S.-led air strikes, the YPG has seized wide areas of northern Syria from Islamic State this year.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a UK-based group that reports on the war using an activist network on the ground, said it had also documented the use of poison gas by Islamic State in an attack on a village near Tel Brak on June 28.
It said 12 YPG fighters had been exposed to the gas. The Observatory also said it had received information about the gas attack on Hasaka city but gave no further details.
In a statement, the YPG said its forces had captured industrial grade gas masks in the last four weeks from Islamic State fighters, "confirming that they are prepared and equipped for chemical warfare along this sector of the front".
MOSUL DAM
It said soldiers exposed to the gas "experienced burning of the throat, eyes and nose, combined with severe headaches, muscle pain and impaired concentration and mobility".
"Prolonged exposure to the chemicals also caused vomiting," it added.
The YPG said it was investigating Islamic State's use of chemical weapons with help from international experts from UK organizations Conflict Armament Research and Sahan Research.
In a separate statement, those organizations said the three attacks - two in northeastern Syria and one in Iraq - were "the first documented use by (Islamic State) forces of projectile-delivered chemical agents against Kurdish forces and civilian targets".
In the attack in Iraq, Islamic State forces had fired a projectile "containing a liquid chemical agent at the peshmerga Mosul Dam checkpoint", they said. "The characteristics and clinical effects of this substance are consistent with a chlorine chemical agent," the statement said.
Iraqi Kurdish authorities said earlier this year they had evidence Islamic State had used chlorine against their peshmerga fighters in northern Iraq.
Reports of poison gas attacks by the Islamic State group could not be independently verified by Reuters.
The Nusra Front, al Qaeda's affiliate in the Syrian war, has previously accused Islamic State of setting a booby trap using barrels of chlorine.
Additional reporting by Roberta Rampton; Writing by Tom Perry; Editing by Toni Reinhold and Ken Wills

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package com.sap.research.primelife.utils;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;

import org.herasaf.xacml.core.policy.impl.TargetType;
import org.herasaf.xacml.core.simplePDP.SimplePDPFactory;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.sap.research.primelife.exceptions.SyntaxException;
import com.sap.research.primelife.exceptions.WritingException;
import com.sap.research.primelife.marshalling.UnmarshallImpl;

import eu.primelife.ppl.policy.impl.PolicySetType;
import eu.primelife.ppl.policy.impl.PolicyType;

/**
 *
 *
 * @date Nov 17, 2010
 *
 */
public class HerasConverterTest {

	@BeforeClass
	public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
		// HERAS initialization
		SimplePDPFactory.useDefaultInitializers();
		SimplePDPFactory.getSimplePDP();
	}

	/**
	 * Test converting a policy for HERAS.
	 * @throws SyntaxException
	 * @throws FileNotFoundException
	 * @throws WritingException
	 * @throws org.herasaf.xacml.core.SyntaxException
	 * @throws JAXBException
	 */
	@Test
	public void testConvertToHerasPolicy() throws SyntaxException, FileNotFoundException,
			WritingException, org.herasaf.xacml.core.SyntaxException, JAXBException {
		UnmarshallImpl unmarshaller = new UnmarshallImpl(PolicyType.class.getPackage());
		PolicyType addressPref = (PolicyType) unmarshaller.unmarshal(getClass()
				.getResourceAsStream("/herasConverterTest/AddressPreferences.xml"));
		assertNotNull(addressPref);
		org.herasaf.xacml.core.policy.impl.PolicyType herasAddressPref = ConverterFunctions
				.convertToHerasPolicy(addressPref);
		assertNotNull(herasAddressPref);

		PolicyType emailPref = (PolicyType) unmarshaller.unmarshal(getClass().getResourceAsStream(
				"/herasConverterTest/EmailPreferences.xml"));
		assertNotNull(emailPref);
		org.herasaf.xacml.core.policy.impl.PolicyType herasEmailPref = ConverterFunctions
				.convertToHerasPolicy(emailPref);
		assertNotNull(herasEmailPref);
	}

	/**
	 * Test converting a policySet for HERAS.
	 * @throws SyntaxException
	 * @throws FileNotFoundException
	 * @throws WritingException
	 * @throws org.herasaf.xacml.core.SyntaxException
	 * @throws JAXBException
	 */
	@Test
	public void testConvertToHerasPolicySet() throws SyntaxException, FileNotFoundException,
			WritingException, org.herasaf.xacml.core.SyntaxException, JAXBException {
		UnmarshallImpl unmarshaller = new UnmarshallImpl(PolicySetType.class.getPackage());
		PolicySetType policySetPref = (PolicySetType) unmarshaller.unmarshal(getClass()
				.getResourceAsStream("/herasConverterTest/PolicySetPreferences.xml"));
		assertNotNull(policySetPref);
		org.herasaf.xacml.core.policy.impl.PolicySetType herasPolicySetPref = ConverterFunctions
				.convertToHerasPolicySet(policySetPref);
		assertNotNull(herasPolicySetPref);
	}

	/**
	 * Test fromPPLTargetToHerasTarget
	 * converting a policy to target
	 * @throws SyntaxException
	 * @throws FileNotFoundException
	 * @throws WritingException
	 * @throws org.herasaf.xacml.core.SyntaxException
	 * @throws JAXBException
	 */
	@Test
	public void testConvert() throws SyntaxException, FileNotFoundException,
			WritingException, org.herasaf.xacml.core.SyntaxException, JAXBException {
		UnmarshallImpl unmarshaller = new UnmarshallImpl(PolicyType.class.getPackage());

		SimplePDPFactory.useDefaultInitializers();
		SimplePDPFactory.getSimplePDP();

		PolicyType policy = (PolicyType) unmarshaller.unmarshal(
				getClass().getResourceAsStream("/herasConverterTest/Policy.xml"));
		assertNotNull(policy);
		assertNotNull(policy.getTarget());
		TargetType targetHeras = ConverterFunctions.fromPPLTargetToHerasTarget(
				policy.getTarget());
		assertNotNull(targetHeras);
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


PHILADELPHIA (October 12, 2016) – For the month of October, breast cancer awareness month, Nicole Miller will donate 10 percent of all proceeds from its downtown Philadelphia and Manayunk locations to Fox Chase Cancer Center.
Supporters of Fox Chase will simply need to mention Fox Chase Cancer Center at checkout for the benefit to apply. Proceeds will benefit the Fox Chase Cancer Center Mobile Screening Unit, which brings breast and skin cancer screenings right into the community and is supported in part by a generous grant from the Philadelphia Flyers Wives.
At the end of the month, Fox Chase Cancer Center and the Philadelphia Flyers wives will welcome supporters for cocktails and an evening of invitation-only private shopping at Nicole Miller at The Bellevue Philadelphia.
WHEN: Wednesday, Oct. 26, 6 p.m. to 8 p.m.
Ten percent of the day's sales will benefit Fox Chase.
The Flyers Wives partnered with Fox Chase in 2015 to play an integral role in the fight against cancer. Support from the Flyers Wives has helped fund the mobile screening unit and molecular breast imaging initiatives at Fox Chase and has supported research on triple-negative breast cancer and the use of hormones to prevent breast cancer.
Ed. Note: In 2017, the Flyers Wives Charity was renamed Flyers Charities.


text:
Q: Operator PlusPlus in C As I already know, the operator ++ has a difference between two situations:
x++, and ++x;
Though,
When I try to write such a code:
int x = 5;
int* y = &x;
int value;
value = *y++ + ++*y;

the value of value, is 12, in the end of the equation.
If I swap the equation to be
value = ++*y + *y++;

It is also 12, and I don't understand the rule.
What is he doing first?
In two cases the y pointer points to garbage.
Thanks,
Uriah.

A: This line leads to undefined behaviour:value = *y++ + ++*y;
*y++ is equivalent to *(y++), so it increments the pointer, not the actual value.
After that, ++*y dereferences y which causes undefined behaviour.
In the second example, ++*y actually increments the value where y points to.
So x will be 6. After that *y++ dereferences y which will also give 6.
So thats why 12 is calculated in the second example.
Dereferencing y after also causes undefined behaviour, so its best to avoid code like this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


On February 27, 2014, Washington Ecology released WQWebSubmittals. This new application will accept most water quality permit required submittals electronically into Ecology's secure online service. Submittals include many types of documents, examples are: Annual Report; Wasteload Assessment; Outfall Evaluation; etc. If a submittal is required in your permit you can upload and sign it through this new application. If you are covered under a general permit you will be required to reapply for coverage using an electronic Notice of Intent which is or will also be located in the Portal. Individual permit holders will at first not be able to upload permit renewal applications but this will be a feature in the future. For questions contact WQWebPortal@ecy.wa.gov. Phone: 1-800-633-6193 (option 3).


text:
Nationalism and Private Property
The State of Nationalism
Eirik Magnus Fuglestad 2021
This article reviews research on the relationship between property rights and nationalism. A property rights perspective to the study of nationalism is relevant to understanding the origins and development of nationalism and nation states. Yet, key theorists of nationalism have mostly ignored the relationship between property rights and nationalism, or looked at it only indirectly. There are a variety of ways in which ownership or possession more generally can be related to nationalism, for instance through colonialism, racism, and dispossession (Bannerji et al. 2001; Bhandar 2016; Bhandar & Toscano 2015). This review, however, in order to build a consistent perspective on the historical emergence of nation states and nationalism, will have its main focus on property rights, property regimes and state-building. The literature on state-building and democratization bears important insights about this relationship which can be applied to the study of nationalism. This review will therefore draw on such literature, in addition to works on nationalism where the topic of property has been mentioned, to show how an integrated property rights perspective to the study of nationalism may yield important insights to our understanding of nations and nationalism. The article is structured as follows. First, it offers a brief discussion of what property rights are and why they are key to understanding the long-term historical development of nations and nationalism. After this, it outlines the links between property regimes and the formation of nation states, followed by a discussion of the conceptual links between nationalism and private property. The final section offers some brief reflections on Marxism, property and nationalism.
What are property rights?
Property rights are politically sanctioned rights that give individuals, groups or other entities rights of use over things and recourse to the exclusion of others. If person A has a property right over resource B, this then excludes person C from the free use of resource B. This, however, is not always so straightforward, and there are often exceptions to this. The modern state, for instance, sometimes has rights to encroach on the property of individuals, while in some property regimes, people may have rights to use land that somebody else owns (Reeve 1987; Macpherson 1978; Hoffman 2018). Modern property rights are primarily defined by two main features: 1) that they are exclusionary rights, and 2) that they regulates relations between things and persons. Historically and geographically, there have existed many different kinds of property regimes. There are forms of collective property or state property found in the former Soviet Union (Linklater 2013), there is feudal property with overlapping rights and dues (Anderson 1974), and property regimes where rights of use are more important, or at least as important as rights of ownership (Linklater 2013). There were also different kinds of ancient property regimes, such as those that existed in ancient Egypt and Israel, or in Babylon. These systems varied, but were generally marked by a combination of individual ownership rights and imperial or monarchical rights over land and property (Ellickson & Thorland 1995; Skinner & Garnsey 2007).
Property rights structure the distribution of wealth (Piketty 2014), and since property rights regulate the use of resources and wealth; since they govern the access and use of the fundamental conditions of life, they also shape the development of society in fundamental ways. Robert Brenner has put it like this: 'different class structures, specifically property relations […] once established, tend to impose rather strict limits and possibilities, indeed rather specific long term patterns on societies' (Aston & Kutcher 1985, 12). Andrew Reeve further notes that there are three power relations connected to property rights: economic power, dominium over others and various forms of authority (Reeve 1986). The power that property confers on individuals or institutions is connected to the exclusionary aspects of property rights. Morris Cohen, for instance, notes that it is the exclusive element of property that confers powers on those possessing this right:
The essence of private property is always the right to exclude others […] if, then, somebody else wants to use the food, the house, the land or the plough that the law calls mine, he has to get my consent. To the extent that these things are necessary to the life of my neighbour, the law thus confers on me power, limited but real, to make him do what I want. (Macpherson 1978, 159-60)
Property may be understood as a medium of power, and it is a way of ordering and organizing the distribution of resources and wealth. For these reasons, property rights have a fundamental impact on the development of the economic, ideological and political power structures of any society. Nationalism and nation states are, among other things, about organizing and structuring such relations of power. Thus, an understanding of the nature of property rights is central to understanding some of the key underlying mechanisms of nationalism and nation-formation.
Property regimes and the formation of states
In the literature dealing with the long-term development of nationalism and the historical preconditions for its emergence, little attention has been paid directly to the effects of property rights and property rights regimes. In Ernest Gellner's classic account of the emergence of nationalism (Gellner [1983] 2006) for instance, the transition from agrarian to industrial society plays the key role. Nothing, however, is said about how structures and ideas of property might have affected this transition. What role may the transition from agrarian to industrial forms of property have played here? It is clear that a transition from one type of society to another is central, and, at least if we follow classic materialist assumptions, as laid out for instance by Marx and Engels in The German Ideology (1845), this should also in some form involve changing property regimes (Aston & Kutcher 1985). Other classic and established works on the historical emergence of nationalism are equally quiet about property rights. Michael Mann writes about the emergence of the modern (nation) state and nationalism (Mann 1993), but pays little attention to how property relations might have influenced and shaped this. Eric Hobsbawm focuses on the bourgeoisie (Hobsbawm 1990), yet he does not discuss how actual patterns of ownership influenced the developments of nation states or nationalism. Recently, Rogers Brubaker has published works that re-emphasise the linguistic-religious aspects of nations and nationalism (Brubaker 2013). Andreas Wimmer has also further emphasised the ethnic aspects of nations and nationalism, intertwined with the role of war and the state (Wimmer 2012). In all these examples, issues of property and property regimes tend to be in the background.
If the classic studies of nationalism have not dealt much with the issue of property, this topic has been handled in the related literature on the historical developments of the modern state and democratization. The classic work on historical development of the modern state and property rights is Barrington Moore's Social origins of dictatorship and democracy (1966). In this book, Moore looks at how different agrarian property regimes affected the transition to industrial societies. One of the key points of the book is that property regimes of large and powerful landowners at the time of industrialization tended to result in totalitarian political regimes, while societies with an established bourgeois property structure at the time of industrialization tended to see a democratic state formation. Moore does not discuss nationalism as such, but it is clear that the different political regimes resulting from the different property regimes can be related to different kinds of nationalisms (liberal, authoritarian etc.). More recently, Andro Linklater (2013), in his study of the emergence of private property and the origins of the modern world, has added strength to this hypothesis, by showing how different property regimes historically have resulted in quite different forms of rule and government. Linklater focuses especially on how private property leads to a new way of understanding sovereignty as coming from the people. Again, this seems relevant for how different nationalisms understand and organize popular, national sovereignty, either understood in democratic, bottom-up terms, or in more totalitarian, top-down ways.
Classic theories of nationalism have tended to arrange forms of nationalism in different groups, such as eastern and western nationalism (Kohn 2005), or ethnic and civic nationalism (Brubaker 1996). One key question in relation to property, as I see it, is to what extent these different traditions coincide with the development of different property regimes, agrarian or industrial, collectivist or liberal. After Francis Fukuyama's 'end of history' (Fukuyama 1992), the liberal, private property based nation state became dominant. The point is, however, that the way in which property is organized, is connected to what kind of political forms and what types of civil society that emerges. As Kathrine Verdery observed just after the Cold War had ended:
…classic liberalism saw a tight connection among certain understandings of citizenship, property, and identity […] In the socialist world, however, the predominance of collective property and the attempt to weaken possessive relations to individual selves precluded such forms of citizenship and identity (Verdery 1998, 291)
Some national histories have been more focused than others on how property rights regimes have shaped political and social development in individual countries. In America, it has long been suggested that the relative widespread ownership of private land ownership at the time of the American Revolution contributed to the development of a liberal nationalism there (Hartz 1955). On a general level, Hartz argued that the lack of old feudal and aristocratic structures in the US led to a political ideological development that favoured liberal rights, and in particular the individual right to property as the basis for individual freedom. On the other hand, it has been suggested, in the form of the so-called Sonderweg thesis, that the more unequal distribution of landed property in the German lands was a contributing factor to the eventual emergence of totalitarian National Socialism (Kocka 1988). Also, for a country like Norway, it has been suggested that the property structure of a wide class of small freeholding farmers formed the basis for a Norwegian liberal Sonderweg – a special path – of nation formation where democratic institutions, and later social democracy, became strongly established (Koth 1926; Sejersted 2000). This can also be seen in various property regimes from places such as Latin America, Asia and Africa, which, historically resulted in different kinds of social and political organization (Linklater 2013). It can also be noted, as Macpherson (1962) and Fuglestad (2018) have suggested, that labour power can be understood as a form of property, and that industrial and consumerist societies thus alter understandings of sovereignty and self-determination through forms of ownership and democracy that are not necessarily connected to real property. More indirectly, nationalism scholar Miroslav Hroch has also pointed out the importance of different property regimes – through class composition – for how nations form in the transition from feudalism to capitalism (Hroch 1985).
Scattered conceptual links
In the discussion above I pointed out (1) how classic theories of the emergence of nations and nationalism has tended not to focus on the issue of property and property regimes, and (2) how property regimes might in fact be central to understanding nations and nationalism. In this section, I shall discuss how connections between nationalism and property have been acknowledged in some studies, albeit, often without being systematically integrated into the general understanding of nations and nationalism.
There is a field of research dealing with so-called 'resource nationalism', where states or agents from a certain state seek ownership or control over natural resources (Wilson 2015), which is one way in which property rights and nationalism are connected. Furthermore, property, especially in the form of land, has conceptual connections to state-building, and in particular to nation state-building. Andrew Reeve notes that:
Land provides the territorial dimension of the political unit. Modern states, at least, are defined in part by legal jurisdiction which they claim over a particular territory … land mediates, in this sense, between political power and individuals subject to it (Reeve 1986, 82).
It has also been pointed out by scholars that nations, as collectives, tend to claim property ownership over a certain territory. As Sam Fleischacker has noted:
Nations ought to own a state; the state ought to own a certain territory; and the relationship between the nation and the territory will then be much like the one between an individual property-owner and his things: an opportunity for the nation to express its character or interests or beliefs in the shaping of the material world (Fleischacker 2013, 374).
Jacob Metzer and Stanley Engerman further suggest, based on connections between ownership of land and political power, that there is a relationship between ownership of property and sovereignty in nationalism. They write:
While the ownership of land as prerequisite for enfranchisement has long been abandoned in modern democratic states […] this may reflect some kind of an accommodation between nationalism, whose basic attitude towards land as a place – a homeland belonging to the nationals – made the thinking often blur the distinction between sovereignty and ownership. (Metzer & Engerman 2004, 10).
They point out that the nation states that emerged during the first wave of nationalism in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century very often had property qualifications for participating in the national democracies, while at the same time claiming sovereignty, and thus ownership, over a particular territory of land.
Through this connection to sovereignty, nationalism is also linked to the idea of self-determination and notions of freedom and power, both within society and between nations (Mayall 1999; Conversi 2016). Individual ownership of private property has a long tradition of being the basis for both citizenship and sovereignty. Property, especially property in land, represents what the Romans called dominium; it was the power and freedom of the aristocrats vis-à-vis the emperor. Ellen Meiksins Wood notes:
The roman concept of dominium, when applied to private property, articulates with exceptional clarity, the idea of private, exclusive and individual ownership, with all the powers it entails, while the imperium defines the right of command attached to certain civil magistrates, and eventually the emperor himself. (Wood 2012, 7)
This legal distinction meant that the Roman Empire was, as Wood describes it, ruled by amateurs: it was an oligarchy of landed aristocrats. Property in land was the basis both of the aristocrats' rights of citizenship in Rome, and of their legislative powers, which they had by virtue of owning private landed property. Most of the nation states that emerged in the time of the American and the French revolutions were, similar to the Roman praxis, communities of propertied landholders (Metzer & Engerman 2004). Related to this, and following Benedict Anderson's famous concept of the nation as an imagined community (Anderson [1983] 2006), Bannerji et al. has asked whether 'the modern nation-state itself constitute the imagined community as property possessing subjects?' (Bannerji et al. 2001, 4).
Bannerji et al. formulated their question in relation to nationalism, class and gender, and this indicates how issues about property can be interwoven with power structures within nation states that also defines relations between genders and other social groups. This can be extended to include racial constructions and relations to indigenous peoples (Bhandar 2016). I myself (Fuglestad 2018) have asked to what extent the nation may be defined, on a general level, as a community of proprietors, to what degree the nation is an imagined and real 'propertied community'. This is based on the idea of property as sovereignty, and that nationalism seeks to create national sovereignty through communities of property holders. This becomes particularly clear if we look at the historical period when the first nation states emerged, in the wake of the American and the French revolutions. The American and the Norwegian nation states that emerged then, for instance, were communities where ownership of land was the main prerequisite for enfranchisement, that is, for participation in national sovereignty. Equally important, and different from previous historical periods, they were communities where individual property was written as a universal right for all the members of the nation through national laws made and guarded by men of property.
The Marxian suspicion about nation and property
When discussing property rights and nationalism, Karl Marx must be mentioned specifically. The old Marxian suspicion that the nation state is nothing more than a 'committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie' stands out (Manifesto of the Communist Party, ch.1). The bourgeoisie, as Marx wrote in the manifesto: 'put an end to all feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations. It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties that bound man to his "natural superiors"' (ibid.) This is all part of what Marx saw as the natural progression of historical development; where complex feudal ties and property relations became dissolved into more straightforward bourgeois property relations of buying and selling. According to Marx, this simplified the class struggle by the creation of two main classes with the same formal rights within the framework of the state.
Other scholars in the Marxian tradition note that the nation state, whether ruled by the bourgeoisie or not, has had an effect of establishing formal equality of (property) rights. Hannah Arendt, for instance, in line with Marx's argument, points out that the nation state was marked by dissolving privileges of the aristocrats giving all members of the nation, in theory, the same rights (Arendt 1958). In the slightly alternative school or strand of Marxism, C.B Macpherson discusses how the right to property is the most important of these rights, at least in liberal nation states. As he sees it, in an expansion of the Marxian view, the very ideological and practical foundation for these states is what he called possessive individualism. This is a philosophy in which every individual is the free proprietor of his person and may freely alienate his or her labour, which makes possible the constant flux and change of social and economic relations between individuals that capitalism requires and which nationalism makes possible (Macpherson 1962).
This fluidity of social relations has been pointed to by many scholars of nationalism, most famously by Gellner in his emphasis on the mobility within the national community (Gellner [1983] 2006). The nation, in a sense, as Liah Greenfeld puts it, elevates every member of the nation to the position of elite (Greenfeld 1993). This may also be what Marx (again) hinted at when he, in The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852), described the French peasants under Napoleon III as a sack of potatoes: they had been granted rights both of property and of voting – but rather like putting a bunch of potatoes in a sack, it meant grouping differently shaped entities and calling it a unit. This is just a crude way of saying that what the modern nation state does, is integrate different groups of people by giving them the same rights, beginning with the right to property. This is in line with classical works on political science where the integration of peasants and the working class into the state by gradually giving them more and more rights (where the right to property and the right to vote are key) has been a central topic. This has been outlined famously by Stein Rokkan in his collection of essays entitled State, Nation, Class (1987).
In this review I started by explaining how an understanding of property rights may be important in understanding the nature of nations and nationalism because property rights have a fundamental impact on the economic, ideological and political development of any society through its exclusionary nature. I then noted how a property rights perspective to the study of nationalism is a relatively new area of study, and that the subject has not been treated systematically in the literature on nations and nationalism. The review then discussed relevant literature on state building, property regimes and democratization, pointing out how these studies can provide us with important insights on the relationship between nationalism and property rights – most importantly on how property regimes affect state formation and political regimes. This was followed by a review of central conceptual links between nationalism and property rights, pointing out how the notion of national sovereignty and ownership of property may be related, and indicating that issues of gender and race in nationalism may be informed by notions of property. In the last part of the review, I looked at some Marxist assumptions about property rights and nationalism and suggested that the establishing of private property rights and nationalism are strongly related.
There are central and important links between property rights and property regimes, on the one hand, and nations and nationalism, on the other. A future task would be to systematically integrate a property rights perspective into the study of nations and nationalism. This could advance our understanding of the origins and development of nationalism as historical phenomena, as well as giving insights into the internal logic of nationalism as an ideology.
Eirik Magnus Fuglestad
Eirik Magnus Fuglestad has a PhD in sociology from the University of Edinburgh (2016). He is currently working as a researcher at Ruralis – Institute for Rural and Regional Research, Trondheim, Norway. His research combine historical and sociological perspectives in studying themes such as nationalism, property rights and change in rural areas and agriculture. Dr Fuglestad has published a monograph on the relationship between property rights and nationalism entitled Private Property and the Origins of Nationalism in the United States and Norway: the making of Propertied Communities (Palgrave, 2018), and he is co-editor of the book Politics and Policies of Rural Authenticity (Routledge, forthcoming). He has also published a number of articles in leading journals on nationalism, rural studies and historical sociology.
Ethics of Nationalism
Timothy Berk 2021
Nation-Building
Harris Mylonas 2021
Nationalism and globalization
Gal Ariely 2020
Nationalism and Media
Michael Skey 2020
All material published with SoN is written by experts, peer-reviewed, and open-source. To submit an article, please contact Mr Stefan Poland at editor@stateofnationalism.eu.
© 2023 The State of Nationalism


To all the single ladies feeling like Beyoncé.
From his music project Restoration of an American Idol.
With modern jazz and hip-hop beats influences, London siren Jorja Smith is on track to become the next successful soulful singer.
Another visually striking video coming from the Starboy singer.
Jaden on that Bruce Wayne steez.
Yo Skateboard P! Are we getting a new video from you every week?
Atlanta rapper 24hrs released a chill summer jam that should be on your next house party playlist.
An upcoming streetwear documentary is what the industry needs right now. Watch this short clip featuring the founders of The Hundreds discussing the early years of their brand.


A major share of the Elementary Particle Physics (HEP) group activities is focused on the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN. CMS is currently recording the proton-proton collisions at seven teraelectronvolt produced by CERN's flagship accelerator: the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The LHC has opened a new high energy frontier for the field.
The most powerful ever human-made instrument to explore the ultimate nature of the universe, to discover the fundamental laws of nature: new underlying symmetries, undiscovered dimensions of the space and the ultimate tool to put and end to the long standing mystery of the mechanism responsible for the breaking of the electroweek symmetry. But Above all, the LHC allows probing a complete new territory and the most exciting result will be the unexpected discovery of new processes or particles.
To achieve this goal the LHC experiments have chosen the use the techniques of grid computing to organize the immense amount of data storage and processing power required. The EPP IFCA group has been one the pioneers of this field.
At IFCA, while exploring the LHC's uncharted landscape, we are getting ready for the future, contributing to the upgrade activities of the LHC to push forward again the energy and intensity frontier. We are also currently engaged in the R&D phase towards a new experiment, an electron-positron collider able to reach the Teraelectronvolt energy scale. The clean experimental conditions of the electron-positron experiments allows the precise determination of many of properties the expected and unexpected new particles to-be-discovered at LHC.
In connection with the ongoing experimental effort at IFCA, research is being carried by the theory group to match the experimental precision with the theoretical calculations. These calculation should allow us to select a particular theoretical framework out of the experimental results.


Kindly fill-up the following form. We shall get in touch with you soon.
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TIP! Attend wine tasting events! These are fun events that help you step outside the box when it comes to your wine preference. Make the wine tasting a social event.
How much do you know about wine? Do you want to learn more? People don't want to appear foolish in front of their friends and colleagues when ordering wine. Maybe you are making a special dish. No matter what it is, read on to discover what you must know to make the night the best.
Attend all the wine tastings you can. Wine tastings are fun to go to and can teach you a lot about wine. It can be a terrific social event. Invite friends and family to enjoy the wine with you. It's a great way to enjoy the company of others.
Your gut will tell you which wine to buy. Do not buy a bottle of expensive wine just because a friend said it was pleasant. Instead of spending the money on a wine you will probably not like, see if you can sample it at a restaurant before making a commitment to an entire bottle.
Get some Windex ready if you accidentally spill wine on your shirt. This chemical has the power to clean your wine without smearing. Use Windex right away or you will have a hard time removing the stain completely.
You need to be thinking about your taste of wine when purchasing. There are countless experts out there who state that one type of wine is better because of the area or winery it comes from, but everyone has a different palate. If the wine you love is cheap and tastes great to you, buy it because it makes you happy! After all, the most important thing is to drink what you enjoy.
If you plan to drink your wine at a casual event away from home, you should get a bottle that does not need a corkscrew. Screw tops can be much easier to manage. If any wine remains after the party, a lid seals more effectively than a cork.
Pay attention to the experts but do not take them too seriously. The best wine expert is one that continues to evolve, and whom can admit their mistakes. And keep in mind that every wine connoisseur has their own preferences, and yours might be different from the experts you are getting your advice from. So, this is why it's important to take experts with a grain of salt.
With all you've now learned about wine, it's obvious how much it's now going to help you. Now it is simply a matter of putting this information to good use. It is possible to impress your friends, family and significant others with the information above.


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Appleby > Community Partnerships
Through our Community Investment Programme, Appleby are actively committed to each of the communities in which we are based through a range of sponsorships and partnerships.
More than 450 people
Over 200 Lawyers
Our clients and our colleagues expect corporate responsibility to be at the core of our business. That is our aim.
Group Managing Partner
For Appleby, corporate social responsibility is more than a channel for promoting our brand. It's about engaging our colleagues and building strong relationships with local community groups to contribute to and support the communities in which we operate.
A global approach
We identify partners with whom we can make a positive impact, and develop sustainable, mutually beneficial relationships.
We have considered the needs of our community and selected a range of projects providing support in education, sports development, the arts and disadvantaged groups which generate a positive contribution to this community.
Our projects aim to:
Encourage the development of local knowledge, skills and talent.
Provide support and add value to our local communities.
Align to our global partnerships and sponsorships to bring these to our local communities.
Provide opportunities for our colleagues to be actively involved and engaged in the projects we support.
You can find out more about our approach in the local communities where we operate below.
Location: AllBermudaBritish Virgin IslandsCayman IslandsGuernseyHong KongIsle of ManJerseyMauritiusSeychellesShanghai
Les Bourgs Hospice >
Sponsoring the annual 30 Runs in 30 Days fundraising event.
Purple4Polio >
Helping to raise awareness and funds to eliminate polio.
Set Sail Trust >
Supporting the development within Guernsey of marine activities with respect to schools and clubs.
Floral Guernsey >
Supporting local initiatives to help enhance community resources.
Guernsey Golf Union >
Sponsors of the Guernsey Junior Golf team and the Tri-Golf festival.
Beresford Street Kitchen >
Apprentice Programme, providing support and training in a work-based environment for people with learning disabilities and autism. The apprentice's learn the basics of catering, hospitality and retail as well as important skills for work.
Durrell – Mission Possible >
Durrell Challenge invites all children under the age of 10 years to complete an important mission for Durrell! Young spy agents will need to complete the spy challenge and seek out the animals that need saving situated around Jersey Zoo.
The Big Bake Jersey
This is the 'ultimate afternoon tea' cooking competition which has been launched by Freedom Media and aims at raising funds for Jersey Cheshire Home.
The Weekender >
A family friendly festival in Jersey, fusing music, food and entertainment to almost 6000 attendees. The Islands Stage is designed to provide an opportunity for up-and-coming local talent to experience performing to a festival audience. The sponsorship is one of grass roots music development in Jersey.
TEDx Bermuda >
TEDx Bermuda In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience.
Deputy Governor's 5K run/walk >
Appleby has been the exclusive platinum sponsor of this event which brings together thousands of residents from across the island.
Cayman Annual Charity Day >
For the past seven years, non-profits in the areas of child & family welfare, animal welfare and education have received funding through the Appleby Charity Day, held in March each year.
Cedar Cup Football Tournament
Team Appleby participates in this challenge each year in the British Virgin Islands.
Appleby Academy >
The Appleby Academy is an exciting programme ran by Appleby in partnership with Junior Achievement. Over the course of the 12 week programme, and with the help from an Appleby mentor, students present their ideas on how they would meet a particular business challenge for the chance to win a paid, summer placement with Appleby.
Manx Youth Sailing Squad >
Appleby Isle of Man are proud sponsors of the Manx Youth Sailing Squad. The sponsorship allows the squad to continue providing top-level coaching to young sailors and prepare them for national and international events.
Triskelion Polo Club >
Looking to grow and develop what is a relatively new sport on the island, the Triskelion Polo Club partnership is the latest initiative Appleby is backing as part of its ongoing commitment to support the island through its pillars of sport, education and youth.
Isle of Man Bursary Scheme >
Launched in April 2018, the Appleby Bursary Scheme is the island's first and only scheme, which supports students interested in pursuing a career in law.
Guernsey Literary Festival >
Sponsors and supporters of one of the island's great arts events.
BVI Cancer Society >
Works to prevent the development of cancer, and to counsel and support cancer patients and their families.
The Humane Society of Tortola >
Caring for, and sheltering unwanted companion animals until loving homes can be found.
Bermuda Festival of the Performing Arts >
Artists from a range of disciplines come from around the globe to perform and appeal to a wide and diverse audience.
Bermuda Football Association >
Improving sportsmanship and instilling values in players from a young age, on and off the field.
Bermuda Half Marathon >
Celebrating the island's unique heritage with more than 1,000 runners participating each year.
Give Back Games – The Centre on Philanthropy >
An annual competition, featuring corporate teams raising money for a charity of choice.
STAR >
Offers support throughout the island to persons living with HIV by way of confidential counselling and personal caregivers.
The Reading Clinic >
A not-for profit, registered charity, founded to help students who have specific language-based learning difference (dyslexia).
Youthnet >
Supporting the empowerment of students to make positive life choices through school-based mentoring.
Legal Befrienders Clinic >
For those seeking free legal advice on issues such as domestic violence, divorce, immigration and more, The Family Resource Centre offer The Legal Befrienders Clinic and phone line. At the Clinic, qualified attorneys offer free legal advice on a walk-in, first come first serve basis. No appointments are necessary.
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds >
Pro-bono work for the largest nature conservation charity in the UK, consistently delivering successful conservation, forging powerful new partnerships with other organisations and inspiring others to stand up and give nature the home it deserves.


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Insulinska pumpa ili kontinuirana supkutana insulinska infuzija (skraćeno CSII) od () je sofisticirano medicinsko sredstvo, odnosno uređaj koji omogućava kontinuiranu isporuku insulina u potkožno tkivo svih 24 sata u danu.

Prva istraživanja u oblasti primene insulinskih pumpi počela su sa ciljem da se što vernije oponaša obrazac lučenja insulina poput onog u organizmu zdravih osoba. Nakon ovih istraživanja 1976. godine započela primena terapije kontinuiranom infuzijom insulina pomoću insulinskih pumpi. Za razliku od prvih insulinskih pumpi, koje su bile prevelike, današnje su malih dimenzija, kompjuterski sofisticirane i vrlo jednostavne za primenu, ali su zbog svoje visoke cene još uvek teško dostupne većini bolesnika.

Lečenje šećerne bolesti putem insulinske pumpe danas predstavlja sam vrh terapijskih mogučnosti u lečenju pre svega čećerne polesti tip I (u daljem tekstu skraćeno ŠBT1). Kako pumpa nije namenjena za sve kategorije bolesnike u izboru strategije lečenja insulinskom pumpom treba se strogo pridržavati indikacija.

Opšta razmatranja
Šećerna bolest predstavlja značajan uzrok morbiditeta i mortaliteta globalnom nivou, i predstavlja značajan uzrok kako morbiditeta, tako i mortaliteta. Primena
kontinuirane infuzije insulina u insulinskoj pumpi, za što kvalitetnije održavanje nivoa glikemije, danas se primenjuje u selekcioniranoj grupi bolesnika sa tipom I šećerne bolesti, naročito dece i mladih i trudnica.

Konačnu odluku o primeni insulinske pumpe donosi bolesnik nakon postavljanja indikacije za njenu primenu. Pre njene primene potrebna je detaljna edukacija o terapiji insulinskom pumpom, a bolesnik tehnički osposobljen za njenu primenu.

Za kontinuiranu supkutana insulinska infuzija (CSII) koriste se samo ultrakratko delujući insulinski analozi (aspart i lispro insulin) kako za bazalnu potrebu za insulinom, tako i za boluse insulina pred glavne obroke. Na taj način izbegnuta je potreba za dugodelujućim inslinima čije su varijacije u apsorpciji iz potkožnog tkiva veće u odnosu na ultrakratkodelujuće insuline, tako da su i varijacije u njihovom djelovanju izbegnute.

Tokom 24 sata pumpa isporučuje unapred programiranu bazalnu dozu insulina, zavisno od potreba bolesnika, a pred obroke prema proračunu ugljenohidratnog kalkulatora (zavisno od količine ugljenih hidrata u hrani i aktuelnoj glikemiji) koji je sastavni deo pumpe bolesnik pritiskom na dugme isporučuje potrebnu dopunsku—bolus dozu.

Kontinuirana infuzija insulina zahteva i standardne metode praćenja regulacije glikemije – selektivno merenje glukoze u samokontrolama, kao i glikoziliranih proteina. Kontinuirano merenje glukoze ima svoje mesto u lečenju šećerne bolesti, ovom metodom posebno kod loše regulisanog i nestabilnog oblika bolesti. Ono daje najdetaljniji i najpouzdaniji uvid u kretanje glikemije i učinak terapije te je najsigurnije prema njemu korigigovati terapiju insulinskom pumpom.

Indikacije
Terapija insulinskom pumpom nije namenjena za sve kategorije bolesnika sa dijabetesom. Takav oblik terapije pre svega mora biti prihvaćen od strane bolesnika,
Najčešće indikacije za lečenje pprimenom CSII su
 loša glukoregulacija — uprkos višekratnim (5-6) dnevnim dozama insulina,
 učestale i neprepoznate hipoglikemije,
 lečenje dece i adolescenata,
 prekoncepcija i trudnoća  — dobra prekoncepcijska glikoregulacija je značajan prognostički faktor ishoda i kvaliteta trudnoće. Značajno poboljšanje parametara glikoregulacije terapijom u CSII režimu doprinosi zadovoljavajućem ishodu i kvalitetu trudnoće.
 gastroenteropatija.
Pri utvrđivanju indikacija takođe treba imati u vidu da kontinuirana infuzija insulina ne znači manju potrebu za redovnim kontrolama glikemije, štaviše, samokontrola je jedan od važnih uslova sigurne i uspešne CSII terapije. Ako se bolesnik nemarno odnosi prema samokontroli i neredovno meri glikemiju, savetuje se da uopšte ne započinje terapiju pumpom, odnosno da je prekine zbog mogućih opasnosti od hipoglikemije i ketoacidoze.

Vrste pumpi
Danas su u primeni dve vrste pumpi, klasična i "patch" pumpa.
Klasična insulinska pumpa
Ovaj tip pumpe se sastoji od promenljivih srezervoara insulina i infuzijskog seta odnosno katetera (dužine 40-60 cm) sa kanilom koja se pričvršćuje na kožu i kučišta sa izvorom napajanja (baterijom), motorom i zaslonom.
"Patch" pumpa
Ova vrsta pumpe satoji se od daljinskog upravljača sa zaslonom i promenljivog kučišta zalepljenog na kožu u kojem su baterija, motor, rezervoar insulina i kanila.

Obuka pacijenata za primenu insulinske pumpe
Pre uvođenja insulinske pumpe u terapiju, potrebno je bolesnika dobro obučiti o njenim tehničkim mogućnostima. U svim većim centrima edukaciju o upotrebi pumpe organizuje proizvođač koji pumpe uvozi i distribuira.

Tek kada je bolesnik savladao rad insulinske pumpe, medicinski tim obučava bolesnika o potrebnoj količini insulina za bazalnu i bolus dozu, o izračunavanju potrebnih jedinica insulina za ugljenohidratni obrok i korektivne faktore i primeno ostalih programa isporuke insulina.

Dobre i loše strane CSII

Dobre strane
Prednosti ove metoda nad višekratnim dnevnim subkutanim inekcijama inzulina (MDII) mogu biti:
 bolja metabolička regulacija,
 manje hipoglikemija,
 manje dnevne oscilacije glukoze u plazmi,
 manja potreba za inzulinom
 poboljšanje kvalitete života,
 smanjenjem broja uboda za aplikaciju inzulina (sa 1.825 na 130 godišnje).

Loše strane

Za razliku od prednosti, nedostaci CSII terapije mogu biti:
Brzi razvoj hiperglikemije i ketoacidoze
Hiperglikemije i ketoacidoza mogu nastati u slučaju prekida korišćenja pumpe ili prekida isporuke insulina usled začepljenja infuzijskog seta. Jedna od mogućih komplikacija prilikom primene insulinske pumpe je brzi razvoj ketoacidoze u slučaju prekida isporuke insulina. Naim isključenje pupme se dozvoljava u trajanju do 2 sata prilikom bavljenja kontaktnim sportovima ili plivanjem, odnosno za vrijme tuširanja. Kako se insulin pomoću pumpe isporučuje kontinuirano u vrlo maloj dozi, u slučaju prekida isporuke insulina kroz vremenski period duži od dva sata bolesnik može brzo razviti ketoacidozu.
Infekcije
Infekcije su moguće, retko, na mestima primene infuzionog sistema.
Alergijske reakcije
Alergijske reakcije najčešće javljaju na mestima aplikacije inulinskog katetera, najčešće zbog flastera koji ga pričvršćuje.
Cena
Pumpe i nihova primena je jako skupa. Tako npr. godišnja cena lečenja putem CSII u odnosu na MDII je 2,5 puta veća.
Potreba za većim nivoom edukacije
Edukacija je jako važna kako u smislu savladavanja tehičkih karkteristika rada pumpe tako i u nužnom poznavanj računanja ugljenih hidrata u obroku.

Izvori

Spoljašnje veze

Шећерна болест
Минимално инвазивне терапијске методе

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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David Ralph Retuya
As Big As A CIty: NASA Discovers An Underground Cavern In Antarctica
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We're a few months in 2019 which means that the goals we've set for this year like live healthier and become a better person are in full effect. Studies show that people make..
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The Vietnam War is one of the bloodiest, most controversial wars in U.S history. To stop the rapid spread of the Soviet Union's political influence and communism, the U.S..
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Sports movies have become such a big part of modern culture, they tell stories of spirit triumphing over adversity, and teach us that, if you want something badly enough,..
Photographs That Are Completely Unedited
The dawn of technology has ushered in a whole new era for humanity; from artificial intelligence to realistic animations, we can now expect the unexpected. But amidst the..


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CelebritiesMMA Fighters
Stephan Bonnar Net Worth - Stephan Bonnar's Net Worth And Career History Stack Up Against Other UFC Fighters
Who Is Stephan Bonnar?
How Did Bonnar Get Into Fighting?
Stephan Bonnar Net Worth
Stephan Bonnar Retired From Being An MMA Fighter
Bonnar's amazing fighting tactics inside the ring never cease to astonish his followers.
Meanwhile, his life outside of the ring is full of shocks. Let's go into Stephan Bonnar net worth and his background outside the ring.
Who hasn't seen a UFC fight?
If you have, you are most likely familiar with Stephan Bonnar, a legendary boxer and wrestler.
He is a retired professional wrestler and mixed martial artist from the United States.
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For most of his UFC career, Bonnar fought as a Light Heavyweight.
Bonnar finished second on The Ultimate Fighter 1 and his TUF Ultimate Finale loss against Forrest Griffin is regarded as one of the most pivotal fights in UFC history.
Stephan Bonnar with his mouth open
Stephan Patrick Bonnar (born April 4, 1977) is a retired professional wrestler and mixed martial artist from the United States.
He is now under contract with Bellator MMA and has spent most of his MMA career playing the "role of the underdog," as seen by his battle with Anderson Silva at UFC 153.
Aside from Griffin and Silva, Bonnar battled Lyoto Machida, Tito Ortiz, Mark Coleman, Jon Jones, and Rashad Evans.
During the summer of 1999, Bonnar began training in Brazilian jiu-jitsu under the great Carlson Gracie, under whom he obtained his purple belt before Carlson's death.
During his time as a Carlson Gracie pupil, he earned the moniker Robocop.
Because of this, the majority of his fights have ended in submission.
Stephan is presently studying Brazilian jiu-jitsu with Master Sergio Penha in Las Vegas.
He has, however, trained in Muay Thai on multiple travels to Thailand.
Bonnar has been practicing Muay Thai in Las Vegas with Master One Kick Nick Blomgren at One Kick's Gym since the beginning of 2010.
Stephan Bonnar began wrestling when he was ten years old.
Bonner began Tae Kwon Do when he was 12 years old and achieved his blackbelt at the age of 16.
Bonnar also studied Brazilian jiu-jitsu at the age of 22 under the great Carlson Gracie before moving on to boxing and Muay Thai when he was 24.
He even earned a purple belt before Carlson died.
Stephan Bonnar raising his head
Stephan Bonnar is one of the wealthiest and most popular MMA fighters.
Stephan Bonnar, who has a current net worth of $500 thousand, is a retired mixed martial artist whose passion and enthusiasm for the sport began at a very young age.
Outside of the ring, he has a long and exciting life.
He began wrestling when he was 10 years old and Brazilian jiu-jitsu when he was twelve.
He obtained his first blackbelt in MMA at the age of sixteen.
He has a $0.5 million net worth and one child with his wife, Andrea Brown.
Among his other interests, he has worked as a pundit on multiple MMA shows and has been on numerous broadcast UFC shows.
He did not compete for the following two years before returning in 2009 at UFC 94 against Jon Jones, although he was beaten.
He faced two more defeats, including one by Krzysztof Soszynski, but the two fought in a rematch the following year, which Stephan won by technical knockout, earning Fight of the Night honors and significantly boosting his net worth.
He subsequently defeated Igor Pokrajac at The Ultimate Fighter 12 Finale and Kyle Kingsbury at UFC 139, his 15th professional MMA victory.
Stephan declared his retirement from MMA after his last bout in the UFC against Anderson Silva, which was his eighth career loss.
In addition, following the bout, he tested positive for yet another banned substance, Drostanolone.
He came out of retirement in 2014 when he joined Bellator MMA and fought Tito Ortiz, but lost by a split decision.
Stephan just joined the independent wrestling company House of Glory and made his debut against Sho Tanaka, beating the NPJW competitor.
Despite his age, Stephan hopes to continue his career as a professional wrestler.
Stephan was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame in July 2013 as a result of his tremendous MMA career.
Aside from fighting, Stephan's fortune grew as a result of his work as an MMA pundit for ESPN2 and Fox, among other networks.
Where Is Stephan Bonnar Now?
Stephan Bonnar is presently studying Brazilian jiu-jitsu with Master Sergio Penha in Las Vegas.
Are Stephan Bonnar And Forrest Griffin Friends?
They've been pals ever then, so much so that Bonnar named his kid Griffin after his fighting buddy.
Before their historic bout at the Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale, Forrest Griffin and Stephan Bonnar were not friends.
On the first season of the UFC's reality program, they scarcely spoke to each other. Griffin won unanimously that night ten years ago.
However, there were no losers. Because the bout was so outstanding, both men got UFC contracts.
Did Stephan Bonnar Get A UFC Contract?
Despite losing the reality show battle against Griffin in the season finale, the highly-acclaimed bout won Bonnar a six-figure deal with the UFC.
What Is Wrong With Stephan Bonnar?
Stephan Bonnar, a veteran of The Ultimate Fighter 1, has revealed that he was suffering from a serious staph infection during a recent emergency room visit and interview, which has many in the MMA industry concerned for his health.
Bonnar stated that immediately after the interview, he spent more than a month in the hospital after doctors discovered infected abscesses on both sides of a fractured spine he claimed he sustained during a pro wrestling battle.
How Many Times Did Forrest Griffin And Stephan Bonnar Fight?
The finalists battled for a contract with the UFC on national television in the show's conclusion.
In the light heavyweight final, Forrest Griffin, coached by Chuck Liddell, faced Stephan Bonnar, coached by Randy Couture.
Both fighters advanced to the final after defeating two opponents.
Stephan Bonnar defeated Team Liddell's Bobby Southworth in a split decision in episode seven.
In episode nine, Forrest Griffin defeated his first opponent, Alex Schoenauer, via TKO.
To select the Finals, the contenders fought the remaining teammate in their respective weight classes in the semi-finals.
Forrest Griffin won by TKO over Sam Hoger, while Stephan Bonnar won via triangle choke/armbar submission against teammate Mike Swick.
Stephan Bonnar net worth is believed to be $500,000.
He rose to prominence after winning the Spike TV reality show 'The Ultimate Fighter.'
He also holds black belts in Muay Thai and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.
His fortune will grow even more with his appearances on Fox Television Networks' "MMA Live" and "The Ultimate Fighter."
His total net worth exceeds $1 million.
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