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On the Right to Rebel against Governors
Posted on May 29, 1776 April 25, 2013 Author Samuel WestPosted in Revolutionary America, Sermons1 Reply
Put them in mind to be subject to principalities and powers, to obey magistrates, to be ready to every good work.–Titus iii. 1.
The great Creator, having designed the human race for society, has made us dependent on one another for happiness. He has so constituted us that it becomes both our duty and interest to seek the public good; and that we may be the more firmly engaged to promote each other's welfare, the Deity has endowed us with tender and social affections, with generous and benevolent principles: hence the pain that we feel in seeing an object of distress; hence the satisfaction that arises in relieving the afflictions, and the superior pleasure which we experience in communicating happiness to the miserable. The Deity has also invested us with moral powers and faculties, by which we are enabled to discern the difference between right and wrong, truth and falsehood, good and evil; hence the approbation of mind that arises upon doing a good action, and the remorse of conscience which we experience when we counteract the moral sense and do that which is evil. This proves that, in what is commonly called a state of nature, we are the subjects of the divine law and government; that the Deity is our supreme magistrate, who has written his law in our hearts, and will reward or punish us according as we obey or disobey his commands. Had the human race uniformly persevered in a state of moral rectitude, there would have been little or no need of any other law besides that which is written in the heart,–for every one in such a state would be a law unto himself. There could be no occasion for enacting or enforcing of penal laws; for such are "not made for the righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly, and for sinners, for the unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers, for whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for men-stealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to" moral rectitude and the happiness of mankind. The necessity of forming ourselves into politic bodies, and granting to our rulers a power to enact laws for the public safety, and to enforce them by proper penalties, arises from our being in a fallen and degenerate state. The slightest view of the present state and condition of the human race is abundantly sufficient to convince any person of common sense and common honesty that civil government is absolutely necessary for the peace and safety of mankind; and, consequently, that all good magistrates, while they faithfully discharge the trust reposed in them, ought to be religiously and conscientiously obeyed. An enemy to good government is an enemy not only to his country, but to all mankind; for he plainly shows himself to be divested of those tender and social sentiments which are characteristic of a human temper, even of that generous and benevolent disposition which is the peculiar glory of a rational creature. An enemy to good government has degraded himself below the rank and dignity of a man, and deserves to be classed with the lower creation. Hence we find that wise and good men, of all nations and religions, have ever inculcated subjection to good government, and have borne their testimony against the licentious disturbers of the public peace.
Nor has Christianity been deficient in this capital point. We find our blessed Saviour directing the Jews to render to Caesar the things that were Caesar's; and the apostles and first preachers of the gospel not only exhibited a good example of subjection to the magistrate, in all things that were just and lawful, but they have also, in several places in the New Testament, strongly enjoined upon Christians the duty of submission to that government under which Providence had placed them. Hence we find that those who despise government, and are not afraid to speak evil of dignities, are, by the apostles Peter and Jude, classed among those presumptuous, self-willed sinners that are reserved to the judgment of the great day. And the apostle Paul judged submission to civil government to be a matter of such great importance, that he thought it worth his while to charge Titus to put his hearers in mind to be submissive to principalities and powers, to obey magistrates, to be ready to every good work; as much as to say, none can be ready to every good work, or be properly disposed to perform those actions that tend to promote the public good, who do not obey magistrates, and who do not become good subjects of civil government. If, then, obedience to the civil magistrates is so essential to the character of a Christian, that without it he cannot be disposed to perform those good works that are necessary for the welfare of mankind,–if the despisers of governments are those presumptuous, self-willed sinners who are reserved to the judgment of the great day,–it is certainly a matter of the utmost importance to us all to be thoroughly acquainted with the nature and extent of our duty, that we may yield the obedience required; for it is impossible that we should properly discharge a duty when we are strangers to the nature and extent of it.
In order, therefore, that we may form a right judgment of the duty enjoined in our text, I shall consider the nature and design of civil government, and shall show that the same principles which oblige us to submit to government do equally oblige us to resist tyranny; or that tyranny and magistracy are so opposed to each other that where the one begins the other ends. I shall then apply the present discourse to the grand controversy that at this day subsists between Great Britain and the American colonies.
That we may understand the nature and design of civil government, and discover the foundation of the magistrate's authority to command, and the duty of subjects to obey, it is necessary to derive civil government from its original, in order to which we must consider what "state all men are naturally in, and that is (as Mr. Locke observes) a state of perfect freedom to order all their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave or depending upon the will of any man." It is a state wherein all are equal,–no one having a right to control another, or oppose him in what he does, unless it be in his own defence, or in the defence of those that, being injured, stand in need of his assistance.
Had men persevered in a state of moral rectitude, every one would have been disposed to follow the law of nature, and pursue the general good. In such a state, the wisest and most experienced would undoubtedly be chosen to guide and direct those of less wisdom and experience than themselves,–there being nothing else that could afford the least show or appearance of any one's having the superiority or precedency over another; for the dictates of conscience and the precepts of natural law being uniformly and regularly obeyed, men would only need to be informed what things were most fit and prudent to be done in those cases where their inexperience or want of acquaintance left their minds in doubt what was the wisest and most regular method for them to pursue. In such cases it would be necessary for them to advise with those who were wiser and more experienced than themselves. But these advisers could claim no authority to compel or to use any forcible measures to oblige any one to comply with their direction or advice. There could be no occasion for the exertion of such a power; for every man, being under the government of right reason, would immediately feel himself constrained to comply with everything that appeared reasonable or fit to be done, or that would any way tend to promote the general good. This would have been the happy state of mankind had they closely adhered to the law of nature, and persevered in their primitive state.
Thus we see that a state of nature, though it be a state of perfect freedom, yet is very far from a state of licentiousness. The law of nature gives men no right to do anything that is immoral, or contrary to the will of God, and injurious to their fellow-creatures; for a state of nature is properly a state of law and government, even a government founded upon the unchangeable nature of the Deity, and a law resulting from the eternal fitness of things. Sooner shall heaven and earth pass away, and the whole frame of nature be dissolved, than any part even the smallest iota, of this law shall ever be abrogated; it is unchangeable as the Deity himself, being a transcript of his moral perfections. A revelation, pretending to be from God, that contradicts any part of natural law, ought immediately to be rejected as an imposture; for the Deity cannot make a law contrary to the law of nature without acting contrary to himself,–a thing in the strictest sense impossible, for that which implies contradiction is not an object of the divine power. Had this subject been properly attended to and understood, the world had remained free from a multitude of absurd and pernicious principles, which have been industriously propagated by artful and designing men, both in politics and divinity. The doctrine of nonresistance and unlimited passive obedience to the worst of tyrants could never have found credit among mankind had the voice of reason been hearkened to for a guide, because such a doctrine would immediately have been discerned to be contrary to natural law.
In a state of nature we have a right to make the persons that have injured us repair the damages that they have done us; and it is just in us to inflict such punishment upon them as is necessary to restrain them from doing the like for the future,–the whole end and design of punishing being either to reclaim the individual punished, or to deter others from being guilty of similar crimes. Whenever punishment exceeds these bounds it becomes cruelty and revenge, and directly contrary to the law of nature. Our wants and necessities being such as to render it impossible in most cases to enjoy life in any tolerable degree without entering into society, and there being innumerable cases wherein we need the assistance of others, which if not afforded we should very soon perish; hence the law of nature requires that we should endeavor to help one another to the utmost of our power in all cases where our assistance is necessary. It is our duty to endeavor always to promote the general good; to do to all as we would be willing to be done by were we in their circumstances; to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly before God. These are some of the laws of nature which every man in the world is bound to observe, and which whoever violates exposes himself to the resentment of mankind, the lashes of his own conscience, and the judgment of Heaven. This plainly shows that the highest state of liberty subjects us to the law of nature and the government of God. The most perfect freedom consists in obeying the dictates of right reason, and submitting to natural law. When a man goes beyond or contrary to the law of nature and reason, he becomes the slave of base passions and vile lusts; he introduces confusion and disorder into society, and brings misery and destruction upon himself. This, therefore, cannot be called a state of freedom, but a state of the vilest slavery and the most dreadful bondage. The servants of sin and corruption are subjected to the worst kind of tyranny in the universe. Hence we conclude that where licentiousness begins, liberty ends.
The law of nature is a perfect standard and measure of action for beings that persevere in a state of moral rectitude; but the case is far different with us, who are in a fallen and degenerate estate. We have a law in our members which is continually warring against the law of the mind, by which we often become enslaved to the basest lusts, and are brought into bondage to the vilest passions. The strong propensities of our animal nature often overcome the sober dictates of reason and conscience, and betray us into actions injurious to the public and destructive of the safety and happiness of society. Men of unbridled lusts, were they not restrained by the power of the civil magistrate, would spread horror and desolation all around them. This makes it absolutely necessary that societies should form themselves into politic bodies, that they may enact laws for the public safety, and appoint particular penalties for the violation of their laws, and invest a suitable number of persons with authority to put in execution and enforce the laws of the state, in order that wicked men may be restrained from doing mischief to their fellow-creatures, that the injured may have their rights restored to them, that the virtuous may be encouraged in doing good, and that every member of society may be protected and secured in the peaceable, quiet possession and enjoyment of all those liberties and privileges which the Deity has bestowed upon him; i.e., that he may safely enjoy and pursue whatever he chooses, that is consistent with the public good. This shows that the end and design of civil government cannot be to deprive men of their liberty or take away their freedom; but, on the contrary, the true design of civil government is to protect men in the enjoyment of liberty.
From hence it follows that tyranny and arbitrary power are utterly inconsistent with and subversive of the very end and design of civil government, and directly contrary to natural law, which is the true foundation of civil government and all politic law. Consequently, the authority of a tyrant is of itself null and void; for as no man can have a right to act contrary to the law of nature, it is impossible that any individual, or even the greatest number of men, can confer a right upon another of which they themselves are not possessed; i.e., no body of men can justly and lawfully authorize any person to tyrannize over and enslave his fellow-creatures, or do anything contrary to equity and goodness. As magistrates have no authority but what they derive from the people, whenever they act contrary to the public good, and pursue measures destructive of the peace and safety of the community, they forfeit their right to govern the people. Civil rulers and magistrates are properly of human creation; they are set up by the people to be the guardians of their rights, and to secure their persons from being injured or oppressed,–the safety of the public being the supreme law of the state, by which the magistrates are to be governed, and which they are to consult upon all occasions. The modes of administration may be very different, and the forms of government may vary from each other in different ages and nations; but, under every form, the end of civil government is the same, and cannot vary: It is like the laws of the Medes and Persians–it altereth not.
Though magistrates are to consider themselves as the servants of the people, seeing from them it is that they derive their power and authority, yet they may also be considered as the ministers of God ordained by him for the good of mankind; for, under him, as the Supreme Magistrate of the universe, they are to act: and it is God who has not only declared in his word what are the necessary qualifications of a ruler, but who also raises up and qualifies men for such an important station. The magistrate may also, in a more strict and proper sense, be said to be ordained of God, because reason, which is the voice of God, plainly requires such an order of men to be appointed for the public good. Now, whatever right reason requires as necessary to be done is as much the will and law of God as though it were enjoined us by an immediate revelation from heaven, or commanded in the sacred Scriptures.
From this account of the origin, nature, and design of civil government, we may be very easily led into a thorough knowledge of our duty; we may see the reason why we are bound to obey magistrates, viz., because they are the ministers of God for good unto the people. While, therefore, they rule in the fear of God, and while they promote the welfare of the state,– i.e., while they act in the character of magistrates,–it is the indispensable duty of all to submit to them, and to oppose a turbulent, factious, and libertine spirit, whenever and wherever it discovers itself. When a people have by their free consent conferred upon a number of men a power to rule and govern them, they are bound to obey them. Hence disobedience becomes a breach of faith; it is violating a constitution of their own appointing, and breaking a compact for which they ought to have the most sacred regard. Such a conduct discovers so base and disingenuous a temper of mind, that it must expose them to contempt in the judgment of all the sober, thinking part of mankind. Subjects are bound to obey lawful magistrates by every tender tie of human nature, which disposes us to consult the public good, and to seek the good of our brethren, our wives, our children, our friends and acquaintance; for he that opposes lawful authority does really oppose the safety and happiness of his fellow-creatures. A factious, seditious person, that opposes good government, is a monster in nature; for he is an enemy to his own species, and destitute of the sentiments of humanity.
Subjects are also bound to obey magistrates, for conscience' sake, out of regard to the divine authority, and out of obedience to the will of God; for if magistrates are the ministers of God, we cannot disobey them without being disobedient to the law of God; and this extends to all men in authority, from the highest ruler to the lowest officer in the state. To oppose them when in the exercise of lawful authority is an act of disobedience to the Deity, and, as such, will be punished by him. It will, doubtless, be readily granted by every honest man that we ought cheerfully to obey the magistrate, and submit to all such regulations of government as tend to promote the public good; but as this general definition may be liable to be misconstrued, and every man may think himself at liberty to disregard any laws that do not suit his interest, humor, or fancy, I would observe that, in a multitude of cases, many of us, for want of being properly acquainted with affairs of state, may be very improper judges of particular laws, whether they are just or not. In such cases it becomes us, as good members of society, peaceably and conscientiously to submit, though we cannot see the reasonableness of every law to which we submit, and that for this plain reason: if any number of men should take it upon themselves to oppose authority for acts, which may be really necessary for the public safety, only because they do not see the reasonableness of them, the direct consequence will be introducing confusion and anarchy into the state.
It is also necessary that the minor part should submit to the major; e.g., when legislators have enacted a set of laws which are highly approved by a large majority of the community as tending to promote the public good, in this case, if a small number of persons are so unhappy as to view the matter in a very different point of light from the public, though they have an undoubted right to show the reasons of their dissent from the judgment of the public, and may lawfully use all proper arguments to convince the public of what they judge to be an error, yet, if they fail in their attempt, and the majority still continue to approve of the laws that are enacted, it is the duty of those few that dissent peaceably and for conscience' sake to submit to the public judgment, unless something is required of them which they judge would be sinful for them to comply with; for in that case they ought to obey the dictates of their own consciences rather than any human authority whatever. Perhaps, also, some cases of intolerable oppression, where compliance would bring on inevitable ruin and destruction, may justly warrant the few to refuse submission to what they judge inconsistent with their peace and safety; for the law of self-preservation will always justify opposing a cruel and tyrannical imposition, except where opposition is attended with greater evils than submission, which is frequently the case where a few are oppressed by a large and powerful majority.* Except the above-named cases, the minor ought always to submit to the major; otherwise, there can be no peace nor harmony in society. And, besides, it is the major part of a community that have the sole right of establishing a constitution and authorizing magistrates; and consequently it is only the major part of the community that can claim the right of altering the constitution, and displacing the magistrates; for certainly common sense will tell us that it requires as great an authority to set aside a constitution as there was at first to establish it. The collective body, not a few individuals, ought to constitute the supreme authority of the state.
* This shows the reason why the primitive Christians did not oppose the cruel persecutions that were inflicted upon them by the heathen magistrates. They were few compared with the heathen world, and for them to have attempted to resist their enemies by force would have been like a small parcel of sheep endeavoring to oppose a large number of ravening wolves and savage beasts of prey. It would, without a miracle, have brought upon them inevitable ruin and destruction. Hence the wise and prudent advice of our Saviour to them is, "When they persecute you in this city, flee ye to another."
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Tarik Hodge says:
Tarik Hodge
HIUS 221-B21
There was this family, who like many had an occasion to disagree from time to time. One day the whole family sat around the table and began to eat the meal. One of the five teenagers were against hunting for he declared it to be barbaric and so horrible to the poor animal as he ripped the chicken leg from its thigh as he slurped down a glass of juice to wash the torn flesh down his throat.
Oh, hear ye the word of this traitor! No more eloquent, more beautiful than a young harlot in a lovely dress; for her words are lovely but her experiences has worn her health less than whole…beware! "When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation". (MindTap) (Thomas Jefferson, 1776)
While Mr. Jefferson pens a most eloquent argument for his cause, he fails to witness the irony falling from his lips, the false premise on the table with which he rests his parchment imbued with hypocrisy in every word with. For example: according to (MindTap) The human events to wit he basis his rational for leaving are enshrined in the description of a "Tyrannical King" what's more tyrannical than a slaveowner? This king demands high taxes in exchange for happiness. How happy are the Indians upon whose land the build, whose children they devoured and whose civilization they reduced to nothing? They were sent to colonize a land, kill off a people for the benefit of the nation that sponsored them (subjects of the crown from which they originated). Second false premise is that they are a people denied of basic freedom. Not to belabor the point of irony, so heavy the weight of a feather is as an elephant sitting on a coffee table. His unmitigated gall to demand freedom in the name of God while "denying" freedom of men (created by God) knows no boundary.
Events…these events he be cries so great the sound of victim-hood, whilst his slaves are building the wealth of his posterity with the burdens of the lash on their backs. This insolent child-like cry for independents as he sits in the home of the Indians whose children rotten corps feed the worms. How dare he cry righteous indignation as he pens the words of treason, declaring God to be his witness? For the very God that he so eloquently calls on as a witness to the plight of his poor helpless comrades has he well stated, "Rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft" and obedience (of which no less doth he demand so great of those in chains) is better than sacrifice! (1 Samuel 15:22)
This letter of treason is vast proof that lies and truth flow indeed from same fountain, these words so well spoken and so dimly viewed when looking upon the "savages" in the Indian and the "brute beast" in the African whilst their bed be warmed by the gentle touch of the broken "Bedwarmer" breed for servitude. With this irony writes he thus: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator…" One cannot help but wonder that upon reading these very words that this same document declared the Indian man a "Savage" and justified the hanging of the murder rape and torcher of the African. These are people who murdered millions of people and they are complaining about the taxes? This is nothing more than an opportunity for high treason. Like insolent adolescents complaining and demanding while in their parents' house eating their parent's food, wearing their parents' clothes and relying on the strength of their parents as ungrateful teenagers.
Oh, my tears flow for ravenous wolf kicked by the dear he tears apart. Irony, you invade a man's house steal his land eat his food like vermin bring diseases that kill him lie cheat him out of everything and he is the savage and you are the godly person.
This was without doubt treason by reason of greed.
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Whether it's because they're confused by the name or just too drunk to remember, most people don't realize that Oktoberfest actually starts at the end of September. That being said, I won't fault you if you didn't know that the world's largest fair kicks off this Saturday, September 22 — but there is absolutely no reason why you shouldn't be well-versed in Oktoberfest Beer, the main attraction of the German festival.
Not just any Märzen is fit to be served in mass quantities to blacked out Germans with pretzel breath, however. In order to be deemed an Oktoberfest Beer, brews must adhere to the Bavarian Purity Law (called Reinheitsgebot in German), have around 6% alcohol by volume, and be brewed by a local company within the city limits of Munich. Only six breweries currently meet these requirements and stock the entire festival: Spaten, Löwenbräu, Augustiner-Bräu, Hofbräu-München, Paulaner and Hacker-Pschorr.
Don't be fooled: around this time of year you'll see a lot of beers branded as "Oktoberfest" beers, but this is just a seasonal marketing technique. They may be brewed in the Märzen style, but if you're looking for a real taste of Bavaria outside of Oktoberfest you've gotta hustle to find one of those six brands. Judging solely by the fact that I've seen them on tap in bars and beer gardens around New York, I'd say that Hofbräu and Spaten are your best bet if you want to buy an authentic beer for an Oktoberfest party this fall.
Or you could always book a last-minute ticket to Munich — Oktoberfest doesn't end until October 7!
Have you ever been to Oktoberfest, or at least tried an authentic Oktoberfest Beer? Let us know about it in the comments!
Augustiner was my favouite beer at Oktoberfest. Definitely much stronger than the beer at home so watch out!


In India, Ayurvedic tradition encourages a new mother to stay at home and be pampered for the first 22 days postpartum. Her role as a new exalted one is honored. This time of rest helps strengthen the infant-mother bond. In this precious lying in time, breastfeeding becomes smooth. Rest and protection of both the mother's and baby's delicate nervous systems are priorities. Few visitors are allowed. Mother and baby stay out of the wind and weather, decreasing the possibility to exposure to disease. Specially prepared foods are served to the mother.
In Bali, a mother does not enter her kitchen nor does she wash her hair until after the baby's cord stump has dried and fallen off; this ensures her rest. For the first 105 days of life, the child never touches the ground. She is held in arms continuously, floating like an angels from one loving person to another.
Most Indonesian women do not go out of the family compound (traditionally a cluster of homes for extended family, set among lovely gardens) or resume their regular responsibilities until the baby is 42 days old. On the 42nd day, the baby is named and a feast is held. For the first 3 nights postpartum, a Muslim Indonesian man must not sleep; he must guard his wife and baby.
Some American physicians advise their patients to refrain from "everything" for the first 6 weeks postpartum. Perhaps this was adopted from the Talmud which states "A woman who has just borne a child should not lie with her husband for 40 days." This Jewish practice is shared by many traditional cultures all over our planet.
The majority of the births in Holland take place at home. Excellent in-home postpartum care is provided by women called Kraamverpleegsters (professional maternity nurse). They arrive at 8am and leave at 5pm for 8 days. These angels take care of the laundry, cooking, shopping, child care, act as hostess for visitors, and do postpartum check-ups as well. They have daily contact with the midwife or doctors who attended the birth, reporting all progress of the mother and baby. Infant care is provided, parenting skills are taught and breastfeeding is supported.
This excerpt was taken from Robin Lim's "After the Baby's Birth" Revised Edition. We highly recommend getting your own copy. It's invaluable!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Birth, parenting, Postpartum doula. Bookmark the permalink.


Concept, How to Keep Kitchen Cabinet Paint From Chipping – 11 Kitchen Cabinet and Storage Ideas From Design Consultants – Whereas kitchen cabinet and storage design might not be as thrilling as choosing seating or lighting, this is without doubt one of the most important areas to contemplate when designing a kitchen. From construction to hardware to layout, 11 design experts give their advice on what to do, and keep away from, when designing a kitchen's cupboards and storage.
While kitchen cabinet and storage design will not be as thrilling as selecting seating or lighting, this is likely one of the most important areas to think about when designing a kitchen. From construction to hardware to format, 11 design specialists give their advice on what to do, and keep away from, when designing a kitchen's cabinets and storage.
Related Post "13 Kitchen Cabinets San Jose Concept, How to Keep Kitchen Cabinet Paint From Chipping"


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Britain's (likely) next PM is being sent to trial for… lying?
Jazz ShawPosted at 8:01 am on May 29, 2019
Say it ain't so, Joe!
As the departure of British Prime Minister Theresa May draws near, the race is on to see who will replace her at 10 Downing Street. Well… in reality, it's probably not so much of a "race" as a reality show because nobody with the sense God gave a goat wants the job right about now. But there's a growing consensus that it might wind up being former London Mayor and Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson. This is great news, at least if you're a blogger looking for funny stories to write about because Boris is something of a gaffe machine.
His prospects may be a bit more limited after this week, however. A surprising headline popped up in the British media yesterday, claiming that a judge has ordered Boris to go to trial on three counts of lying. Wait… a politician telling a lie? It seems that's illegal in the UK. (Reuters)
A British judge has ordered that Boris Johnson, the favorite to replace Theresa May as prime minister, must attend court to answer a private summons for allegations he lied to the public over Brexit.
"Having considered all the relevant factors I am satisfied that this is a proper case to issue the summons as requested for the three offences as drafted," District Judge Margot Coleman said in a written ruling at Westminster Magistrates' Court.
"This means the proposed defendant will be required to attend this court for a preliminary hearing, and the case will then be sent to the Crown Court for trial."
The offenses in question all involve speeches he gave during the runup to the Brexit referendum in 2016. His is quoted as having said that the cost of EU membership was 350 million pounds ($442 million) per week. Since that figure was widely tossed around during the campaign, it's being alleged that the dubious figure might constitute a "breach of duty" under a really vague law governing the conduct of elected officials.
For his part, Johnson's spokesperson is describing the suit as a political stunt and not something that can be proven. I suppose the Crown Court will eventually decide that. But even if convicted, he's unlikely to go to jail and it wouldn't prevent him standing for the Prime Minister's office anyway. And since the Brits are quite familiar with Johnson's history, it's tough to imagine they'll do much more than shrug their shoulders over "Boris being Boris."
Here's one interesting fact you might not know. If Johnson does somehow become the PM he will be the first American Prime Minister of Britain. Boris was born in New York City and holds both American and British citizenship. (In theory, if he moved back to New York he could run for President.)
He also has a rich history of humorous quotes. One particularly applicable one given the current circumstances was, "My chances of being PM are about as good as the chances of finding Elvis on Mars, or my being reincarnated as an olive."
Here are a couple more to close out this article.
"The dreadful truth is that when people come to see their [Member of Parliament] they have run out of better ideas."
"My friends, as I have discovered myself, there are no disasters, only opportunities. And, indeed, opportunities for fresh disasters."
Tags: Boris Johnson Brexit Britain lying prime minister trial

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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FG working with Miyetti Allah to recover weapons from herdsmen, Presidency says
The government is meeting with Miyetti Allah to stem the spate of violence committed by herdsmen. The Senior Special Assistant to President Muhammadu Buhari on Media and Publicity, Garba Shehu, has disclosed that the Federal Government is working with the Miyetti Allah group to discuss how to end the activities of killer herdsmen. The struggle
The government is meeting with Miyetti Allah to stem the spate of violence committed by herdsmen.
The Senior Special Assistant to President Muhammadu Buhari on Media and Publicity, Garba Shehu, has disclosed that the Federal Government is working with the Miyetti Allah group to discuss how to end the activities of killer herdsmen.
The struggle for economic resources like land and water between farmers and nomadic cattle herders, usually of the Fulani extraction but not exclusively, has led to a lot of bloodshed in the country in the past year.
Nearly 1,700 violent deaths were attributed to Fulani herdsmen in attacks carried out between January and September 2018, according to the 2018 Global Terrorism Index.
The Buhari-led administration has come under fire recently after it was rumoured to be meeting with the Fulani group and offering them money in exchange for peace.
However, while speaking during an interview on Channels TV's Sunrise Daily on Tuesday, May 7, 2019, Shehu said nothing was offered to the Miyetti Allah group as payoff to stop killings. He said the most prominent topic of discussion was how the cultural group could help the government to retrieve weapons from its "errant members".
He said, "Nothing about money was discussed. All of the issues were about the involvement of the leadership of this group in getting them to prevail upon their errant members, and how do they assist government to recover weapons that are widely-owned by a lot of these elements."
The government's request is a contradiction of President Buhari's repeated public claims that
herdsmen don't carry weapons that can be used to cause serious harm. He has also heaped most of the attacks blamed on herdsmen on foreign invaders who exploit Nigeria's porous borders to wreak havoc.
Miyetti Allah defends Fulani herdsmen over Catholic priest's murder
Miyetti Allah: Herdsmen not responsible for Fasoranti daughter's murder
Afenifere can't order herdsmen out of South West – Miyetti Allah warns


Hydration, hydration, hydration! This is what the Korean skincare is all about. Each step of the skin routine focuses on nourishing skin and providing humectants which will keep your skin healthy and hydrated.
Surprisingly, it is not that simple to keep the skin balanced and nicely hydrated. As the heat is here we want to spend as much time outdoors as possible. All of a sudden dry patches start appearing on the face which requires soothing and the right skincare. Recently we received a number of questions about the best moisturising and hydrating routine during summer that will be fast and limited to only a few products. Therefore, on top of the k-beauty summer essentials, in this post, we give you some extra inspiration on a quick skin routine.
It is always recommended to use only lukewarm water for washing the face. Using direct hot water on the skin impacts natural oils of the skin and disturbs retaining the moisture. Use the cleansers with light texture such as Klairs Rich Moist Foaming Cleanser.
Hydrating toners are overlooked by many in Western countries but not by the Korean women. For glowing and hydrated skin, they use toners. They help reduce pores, hydrate and prepare the skin for the next products to be applied.
Hydrate your skin with a hydrating sheet mask at least twice a week. This will not only help in hydrating the skin but also in removing excess of oils and other impurities. This is a must-do to improve the appearance of your skin.
If your skin is oily or combination, this line will be perfect for you!
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For the thirsty dry skin, we have another solution.
Hydra Intensive line was created for skin which is constantly thirsty and needs special treatment without creating a greasy cast. It contains 6 natural moisturising factors (NMF) and moisturises rough and dry skin from the first step of your skincare routine. The products within this line will fight dryness of inner and outer skin.
Yes, every morning apply a sun cream, even if the day is not too sunny. Even sun creams or BB creams can hydrate the skin.
This entry was posted in Beauty Routines And Tricks and tagged beauty tricks, dewy glow, dullness, hydration, summer skin.


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Vandalism Of Francis Scott Key Statue Raises Questions About 'The Star-Spangled Banner'
Published September 14, 2017 at 1:52 PM EDT
A U.S. flag with 15 stripes and 15 stars, like the one that was flown Fort McHenry during the War of 1812, frames the Battle Monument during the Star Spangled Spectacular Sept. 12, 2014, in Baltimore. (Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)
The mayor of Baltimore says she has no plans to remove the city's monument to Francis Scott Key, after the words "racist anthem" were sprayed this week on a statue of him. Key wrote what would become the national anthem 205 years ago today while he was held captive on a British ship during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812.
Loyola University professor Karsonya Wise Whitehead (@kayewhitehead) joins Here & Now's Robin Young to explain why some people think the anthem's rarely sung third verse is racist.


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Rome Boutique Hotel & Spa Pattaya is a 4-star hotel in South Pattaya Pattaya. Rome Boutique Hotel & Spa aims to provide a comfortable stay by offering spacious guestrooms with standard facilities. Guests can enjoy hotel facilities such as 24hr Reception,Bar/Lounge,Restaurant,Spa Rome Boutique Hotel & Spa is a great choice for leisure travelers.


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Центральная научная библиотека НАНА (ЦНБ НАНА) — Ведущая научная библиотека в Азербайджане с универсальным подходом, имеющая богатые фонды научных изданий национального и мирового значения.

История
Центральная научная библиотека начала свою деятельность в 1923 году при поддержке «Общество изучения и исследования Азербайджана» (1923), по инициативе интеллигенции Азербайджана — Нариман Нариманова, Абдуррагима Ахвердова, Таги Шахбази, Ханафи Зейналлы и др. «Библиографическое бюро», основанное 4 ноября 1923 году, под руководством выдающегося литературоведа — библиографа, профессора Александра Васильевича Багрия, стало начальной базой для формирования ЦНБ.

18 ноября 1923 году на собрании «Общества изучения и исследования Азербайджана» принимается решение о создании библиотеки и, с этого времени, при Обществе научная библиотека начинает свою деятельность. В это время фонд библиотеки состоял из 430 книг и 1200 экземпляров ценных рукописей. В 1925 году на собрании Центрального Совета «Общества изучения и исследования Азербайджана», с целью устранения параллельности в работах Научной библиотеки Общества и Библиографического Бюро и библиографизации всех материалов библиотеки, бюро и библиотека объединяются, и формируется Библиотечно-библиографическое бюро. Председателем Библиотечно-библиографического бюро стал Ханафи Зейналлы.

Первоначальные мероприятия, предпринятые для создания Центральной научной библиотеки, были проведены в 1923—1924 годах. В 1945 году, в связи созданием Академии наук Азербайджанской ССР, в истории Центральной научной библиотеки начался новый этап развития. В 1963—1984 годах Центральная научная библиотека называлась Фундаментальная научная библиотека Академии наук Азербайджанской ССР. С 1984 года носит название Центральной научной библиотеки.

Центральная научная библиотека НАНА перешла на основной путь развития в годы президентства Гейдара Алиева. Указом Президента Азербайджанской Республики от 4 января 2003 года о Статусе Национальной академии наук пункт 54 статьи 5-ой Центральная научная библиотека получила статус научного учреждения.

Международное сотрудничество
Центральная научная библиотека НАНА в 1993 году стала членом Международной федерации библиотечных ассоциаций и учреждений (International Federation of Library Associations. IFLA) . В 2012 году Центральная научная библиотека (ЦНБ) Национальной академии наук Азербайджана (НАНА) была принята в члены Ассоциации научных библиотек при Совете Европы. ЦНБ НАНА стала первой библиотекой в Азербайджане, ставшей членом этой организации.

Фонды
 Фонд литературы на азербайджанском языке — В фонде содержится 79 171 книг. Так же имеются 18 530 журналов, 1 514 газет, 5 856 диссертаций, 15 993 авторефератов и 56 334 периодических изданий.
 Фонд литературы на русском языке- насчитывает более 600 тыс. Экземпляров. В состав фонда входит разные научные и литературные издания, начиная со средних веков, словари, фотокопии и летописи периодических изданий.
 Фонд литературы на восточных языках- насчитывает более 73 855 тыс. экземпляров. Особое место в фонде занимают личные книжные коллекции знаменитых востоковедов XX века. В фонде хранится коллекция из 427 книг, 847 журналов и ряда архивных материалов известного тюрколога, венгерского академика, члена Академии наук Венгрии профессора Георга Хазаи, 4 384 книги член-корреспондента АН СССР, лауреата Государственной премии СССР Е. Э. Бертельса — востоковеда, специалиста в области истории персидской, таджикской и ряда тюркских литератур, творчества Фирдовси, Джами, Наваи, Низами; 233 книги профессора, всемирно известного востоковеда Е. А. Беляева, 2 115 книг ученого-востоковеда Б. Н. Заходера, 478 книг дипломата Захид Гусейнзаде, 62 книги маэстро Ниязи.
 Фонд литературы на Западно-Европейских языках - в составе фонда 59 503 книг, 150 500 журналов. Фонд осуществляет международный обмен печатными изданиями с крупнейшими библиотеками, организациями, учеными и специалистами университетов Западной Европы
 Фонд редкой книги — Состав 14 215 печатных изданий. В фонде имеется личная коллекция известного советского историка, археолога и нумизмата член-корреспондента АН Азербайджанской ССР профессора Е. А. Пахомова. В коллекции есть научные труды по археологии, этнографии и нумизматики Азербайджана. Фонд редкой книги содержит многотомные энциклопедии, напечатанные в XIX—XX веках на английском, французском, немецком и других языках. «Encyclopaedia of Americana», «Encyclopaedia of Britannica»,"Alpha encyclopaedia", «La grande encyclopaedigue universelle en couleure», «Encyclopaediaof İslam», «Encyclopaedia İranica» и др. энциклопедии общественных наук.
 Фонд периодических изданий — Состав фонда 2 757 газет на азербайджанском и русском языках, 303 320 журналов, 640 фотокопий, 9 062 летопись периодических изданий, 66 561 продолжающихся изданий.
 Фонд диссертаций — фонд содержит 51 168 диссертаций и авторефератов на азербайджанском, русском и других языках.
 Обменный фонд — Фонд поддерживает отношения с передовыми университетами, крупнейшими библиотеками, издательствами и организациями США, стран Европы, Турции, Ирана, Саудовской Аравии и стран СНГ.
 Вспомогательный фонд — состав 2 181 экземпляров литературы.
 Фонд личных коллекций — Объём книжной коллекции свыше 4 718 единиц хранения. В него входит коллекции представителей Азербайджанской интеллигенции, таких как Имам Мустафаев, Мирза Ибрагимов, Микаил Усейнов, Худу Мамедов, Расим Казимов и Аббас Заманов, а так же Национального музея истории Азербайджана, Нахичеванского отделения НАНА, Общества геологов-нефтяников Азербайджана.

Залы библиотеки
Залы имеются на каждом этаже библиотеки. Всего в библиотеке 14 читальных залов.
 Зал для академиков.
 Диссертационный зал.
 Комната для обсуждений.
 Конференц-зал.

Примечания

Библиотеки Баку
Научные библиотеки по странам

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Sleeping With Sirens rebuke unwanted expectations in "Bloody Knuckles"
Sleeping With Sirens are back for the first time since their 2019 album How It Feels To Be Lost with "Bloody Knuckles." The rapid-fire, heavy-hitting ballad is a defiant anthem about forging your own path when the people in your life insist on your demise. Remini...
Record Store Day 2021 drops include iDKHOW, FFTL, K.Flay and more
Record Store Day 2021 is quickly approaching, and the annual event has finally released its list of exclusive and limited vinyl. I DONT KNOW HOW BUT THEY FOUND ME, From First To Last, K.Flay, twenty one pilots and Linkin Park are among the lengthy list of RSD selections that includes more than 400 releases for the two-day event being held on June 12 and July 17...
40 new artists you need to hear in April
Everyone loves to jam out to their favorite artists and classic hits, but let's not forget about all the fresh talent constantly popping up around the world. From pop and indie to punk and post-hardcore, there's always a new name in music waiting to be heard. We kno...
Alyssa Quiles
18 musicians' Hogwarts houses and why they make sense
Harry Potter fans, known as Potterheads, and casual fans alike have taken the Pottermore Sorting Hat quiz to discover which of the four houses they would be sorted into if they attended Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry alongside the boy wizard himself. Som...
Ali Cooper
13 things we can't wait to see in 'American Satan' spinoff 'Paradise City'
Three years after the release of American Satan, the movie that brought rock and the devil together featuring Black Veil Brides' Andy Biersack and Ben Bruce of Asking Alexandria, its spinoff television series Paradise City is almost ready to hit our TV screens. Cont...
Lil Lotus is rewriting the emo playbook and there are no rules
Lil Lotus grins as he admits, "I've always stood out like a sore fucking thumb." With a sawed-off shotgun tattooed above his eyebrow, a self-beheading angel on one cheek and a bleeding heart inked on the other, the 26-year-old vocalist has always shied away from expectations—with his music being no exception. By utilizing his seemi...
Jack Angell
Kellin Quinn joins spoken-word poet Dear Me on relaxing single
Spoken-word poet Dear Me, aka Luke Kanipe, is teaming up with AltPress to debut his collaboration with Hannah Goldman (HJ) and Kellin Quinn of Sleeping With Sirens on "Rose Coloured Catastrophe." Kanipe started his career as a spoken-word poet in 2017 after seeing others perform the art on YouTube. When he decided...
Kellin Quinn reflects on Sleeping With Sirens debut album, 10 years later
Ten years ago, Sleeping With Sirens erupted with Kellin Quinn's piercing vocals layered over splitting riffs and breakdowns. In their seemingly overnight success, the band's creativity, natural songwriting abilities and inexhaustible energy propelled them forward and marked them as a scene staple. Now 10 ...
Vic Fuentes, Kellin Quinn on "King For A Day" and working together again
Let's face it: Vic Fuentes and Kellin Quinn undoubtedly caught lightning in a bottle when they released the Pierce The Veil collaboration "King For A Day." Featured on PTV's third album, Collide With The Sky, the match made in heaven recently celebrated the track going platinum. AltPress sat down w...
Vic Fuentes, Kellin Quinn on why they couldn't "ever beat" "King For A Day"
When Pierce The Veil released their collaboration featuring Kellin Quinn in 2012, it seemed like a match made in heaven. PTV frontman Vic Fuentes and Quinn joined their powerhouse voices together on "King For A Day," and the rest is history. However...
The Gutter Daisies on how Chester Bennington inspired "Celebrity Suicide"
While you might not recognize the Gutter Daisies just yet, you're bound to have heard (or at least heard of) frontman Doug Rockwell's past work with 5 Seconds Of Summer (Good Girls EP) and Sleeping With Sirens (Madness). The vocalist also has credits working on the music for Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn (which starred The Umbrella Academy's Aidan Gallagher), Marvel Rising and Disney+ original Hi
Top 10 Poppy metal moments that defined the journey to 'I Disagree'
2019 was the year of Poppy, and she hasn't even gotten started yet. The YouTuber-turned-musician has been exploring the metal genre, with both an upcoming album, I Disagree, and a tour set to arrive at the beginning of 2020. She's had quite a few iconic moments throughout her career, especially this year as she gains more notoriety as a metal artist. Read mor...
Here are 19 albums you won't believe are turning 10 in 2020
With the decade coming to an end, it's hard to believe that 2010 was already 10 years ago. From post-hardcore to pop punk, the scene did not disappoint. We saw major releases (and some temporary final releases) from My Chemical Romance, A Day To Remember, Circa Survive and Underoath, just to name a few. Rea...
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The best emo songs of the decade that defined the 2010s
One of the greatest feats of the emo genre is its ability to cross barriers, genres and fandoms to unite us all under the common denominator of music. Whether there's a tinge of rap or a twist of pop-punk, the branches of emo music all extend from the same familiar source. Whil...
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Sleeping With Sirens reveal the Medicine tour dates with Set It Off, more
After a few days of some not-so-secret hints at a new tour, Sleeping With Sirens are unveiling the next round of dates. As anticipated from said teasers, Set It Off, Belmont and Point North will be joining the band on the Medicine tour in January...
Sleeping With Sirens unveil 'How It Feels To Be Lost' EU/UK tour support
Sleeping With Sirens have revealed who will be joining them on their EU/UK run of their How It Feels To Be Lost tour. Check out who will be hitting the road with SWS below! Read more: Chris Cornell documentary 'Like A Stone' reveals actor playing late singer Earlier this month, Sleeping With Sirens debuted their first album on Sumerian Records, How It Feels To Be Lost. To top off the incredible r.
Sleeping With Sirens electrify and heal fans with 'How It Feels To Be Lost'
Sleeping With Sirens like many of the greats today, dropped a new album—How It Feels To Be Lost. While the band has certainly garnered enough praise over the years to know they're superstars, it's always nice when that new project slaps this damn hard. Rea...
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Good things are worth the wait, and the sixth studio album from Sleeping With Sirens is no exception. To top off an incredible release, SWS have debuted a brand new music video for the album's title track, "How It Feels To Be Lost." Check it out below...
Sleeping With Sirens find hope, resilience and a future on new album—review
Let's be honest: Did anybody really expect Sleeping With Sirens to last for two album cycles, let alone 10 years? This is the band who famously got a one-star review of their first album in AP while picking up thousands of fans in their jet stream. Six ...
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Sleeping With Sirens return to heavy roots with 'How It Feels To Be Lost'
With nearly two years passing since Sleeping With Sirens took their major label venture with Gossip, it's clear the band made it a point to prove they never really left with How It Feels To Be Lost. With one holiday song, "Christmas On The Road," and a collab with tourmates the Rocket Summer, "Another Day," fans were itching for any sign of the next album cycle. Upon entering the winter of ... Rea


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Money / Economy
Cities in Every State That Haven't Bounced Back From the 2008 Recession
By Cynthia Measom
The 2008 recession — aka the Great Recession — was America's worst financial decline since the Great Depression. Millions of jobs were lost, countless homes were foreclosed on and many people depleted their life savings in an attempt to stay financially afloat.
Even though it's been over a decade since the Great Recession hit and ended, some cities in the U.S. are still reeling from its effects. For example, in Illinois, one city suffered an almost 60% decline in home values, which it never recovered from. And one city in California saw an unemployment rate that escalated from 9.7% to 19.6% within a decade.
To discover which cities are still struggling to recover from the Great Recession, GOBankingRates analyzed median home values, unemployment rates, labor force participation rates and median household incomes from 2007, 2009, 2017 and 2019 in cities across the country. To offer some perspective, here are the U.S. averages for the most relevant statistics in the study:
Change in median home value from 2007-2019: 17.12%
Change in unemployment rate from 2009-2017: -0.6 percentage points
Change in labor force participation rate from 2009-2017: -1.6 percentage points
Change in median household income from 2007-2017: 15.29%
By looking over the data, you might be able to spot certain trends and learn the warning signs of another recession.
Last updated: Dec. 31, 2019
Make Your Money Work for You
Dothan has fared the worst among cities in this Southern state. Over a decade, unemployment rose by 2.6 percentage points — from 5.5% in 2007 to 8.1% in 2017. However, Montgomery had the most drastic change in median home value from 2007 to 2019. In approximately 12 years, home values in the city dropped by 18.29%, plummeting from a median home value of $102,500 to $83,750.
Fairbanks has seen the biggest negative changes in terms of its unemployment rate and labor force participation rate. The unemployment rate rose by 1.6 percentage points between 2007 and 2017, increasing from 7.8% to 9.4%. The labor force participation rate dropped by 3.9 percentage points — going from 76.8% to 72.9% between 2007 and 2017.
Overall, Catalina Foothills has struggled to bounce back from the 2008 recession. The median home value in the city plunged by 13.08% from 2007 to 2019, going from $635,758 to $552,590. Flagstaff, on the other hand, has fallen short mostly with its unemployment rate and labor force participation rate. Within 10 years, the unemployment rate rose by 3.7 percentage points, from 4% to 7.7%. During the same period, labor force participation dropped by 4.9 percentage points.
West Memphis has experienced the greatest decrease in home values among Arkansas cities. The median home value dropped from $74,408 to $68,490 between 2007 and 2019, equaling a 7.95% change. However, unemployment rates rose by 1.1 percentage points in Russellville, from 8.2% in 2007 to 9.3% in 2017. The city also experienced the largest decrease in median household income between 2007 and 2017, dropping from $36,390 to $35,295 — a 3% change.
Reedley has fared the worst overall, but its unemployment rate, in particular, stands out. The rate jumped by 8.5 percentage points over a decade — from 8% in 2007 to 16.5% in 2017. And out of the top five California cities that have recovered the least from the Great Recession, Indio saw the largest decrease in labor force participation. The participation rate dropped by 5.5 percentage points over 10 years.
Grand Junction qualifies as Colorado's most economically troubled city since the 2008 recession. For example, its unemployment rate jumped by 2 percentage points from 2007 to 2017, going from 6.5% to 8.5%. However, Highlands Ranch and Brighton stand out for their lack of labor force participation. Over the decade, labor force participation dropped by 5.2 percentage points and 5.7 percentage points in those cities, respectively.
Home values took a nosedive in many cities across Connecticut between 2007 and 2019. In Norwich, the median home value plunged from $214,575 to $157,490 — a decrease of 26.6%. And in Waterbury, the median home value dropped from $167,033 to $128,380, which is a decrease of 23.14%. Plus, New London had a 2.8 percentage point change in its unemployment rate between 2007 and 2017, from 9.4% to 12.2%.
Home values in Wilmington fell by 15.98% between 2007 and 2019 — from $152,800 to $128,380 — whereas home values in Newark dropped from $244,933 to $237,450 during those 12 years. The labor force participation rate also decreased in both cities. In Wilmington, the rate dropped by 2.5% from 2007 to 2017. In Newark, it dropped by 1.9% during that same period.
Titusville has struggled the most with unemployment. From 2007 to 2017, the unemployment rate increased by 5.8 percentage points, from 3.7% to 9.5%. Fruit Cove — the place that was the most affected by the recession — saw a 3.6 percentage point increase in unemployment, from 2.9% to 6.5%.
What Is a Recession? Learn What Happens and What It Means for You
The top three cities in Georgia that have struggled the most to bounce back from the 2008 recession are Albany, Valdosta and Columbus. In all three cities, home values took a hit between 2007 and 2019, with Columbus homeowners suffering the most. The median home value in that city dropped from $105,383 to $93,350 — an 11.42% change.
The unemployment rates for many cities in Hawaii may have risen between 2007 and 2009, but they typically decreased by 2017. Kahului and Kailua were the exceptions. Kahului experienced the largest unemployment rate increase — a change of 2.4 percentage points, rising from 2.8% to 5.2%. And Kailua experienced a 0.7 percentage point increase in its unemployment rate, going from 4.2% to 4.9%.
Rexburg saw the largest unemployment rate increase from 2007 to 2017 — a change of 1.4 percentage points, going from 9.1% to 10.5%. Labor force participation rates experienced the most dramatic decline in Meridian, with a decrease of 6.3 percentage points, dropping from 72.1% to 65.8%. The second-most dramatic decline in labor force participation happened in Post Falls, where the rate dropped by 4.9 percentage points, from 71.2% to 66.3%.
Overall, Harvey was hit the hardest by the recession compared to other cities in Illinois. From 2007 to 2019, the median home value nosedived from $104,592 to $42,550, which is a decrease of 59.32%. Plus, the median household income plummeted from $39,378 to $24,343 in just 10 years — a 38.18% decrease. However, Lansing suffered the most dramatic increase in unemployment rates, with a rise of 6.7 percentage points, from 5.8% to 12.5%.
Lawrence, the city that has struggled the most, also suffered the largest jump in unemployment. From 2007 to 2017, the unemployment rate in Lawrence increased by 3.1 percentage points, from 4.7% to 7.8%. Meanwhile, the city of Elkhart saw the largest decline in labor force participation during the same period, with an 8.1 percentage point decrease, from 71.3% to 63.2%.
Urbandale saw the largest jump in unemployment between 2007 to 2017. There was a 0.7 percentage point increase in the unemployment rate, going from 2.9% to 3.6%. The cities of Ames, Clinton and Davenport, however, saw the largest decline in labor participation rates, with a decrease of 5.6 percentage points, 4.2 percentage points and 3.8 percentage points, respectively.
Overall, Hutchinson has experienced the hardest time recovering from the Great Recession. One example of that is the city's unemployment rate, which increased by 0.7 percentage points between 2007 and 2017, rising from 4.6% to 5.3%. However, other cities have suffered as well. Topeka saw the largest decline in labor force participation over the decade, with the rate dropping by 3.3 percentage points. During the same period, labor force participation in Salina dropped by 3.2 percentage points.
Overall, Covington is the Kentucky city that has recovered the slowest from the recession — it had an unemployment rate that consistently increased between 2007 and 2017. The rate rose by 1.6 percentage points, from 7.6% to 9.2%. Additionally, the most dramatic change in labor force participation occurred in Nicholasville, which suffered a 5.8 percentage point decrease, from 71.4% to 65.6%.
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Slidell experienced the largest uptick in unemployment rate — 3.4 percentage points — from 2007 to 2017. The unemployment rate in Houma also rose by 2.8 percentage points during the same period. Meanwhile, the labor force participation rate in Bossier City declined by 4.8 percentage points between 2007 and 2017, dropping from 69.8% to 65%.
Among the cities in Maine, Bangor and South Portland experienced the largest increases in unemployment from 2007 to 2017. Bangor's unemployment rate rose by 4 percentage points, from 3.4% to 7.4%. South Portland's rate grew more slowly, gaining 1.4 percentage points over the decade, from 4.7% to 6.1%.
Montgomery Village saw a 27.33% decrease in home values from 2007 to 2009, with the median home value dropping from $333,117 to $242,083. In 2019, home values increased, but only to $289,910 — $43,207 below the median home value from 12 years earlier. The median household income in Montgomery Village also dropped between 2007 and 2017, going from $82,129 to $77,034.
In Massachusetts, Randolph has struggled the most to bounce back from the 2008 recession. Unemployment went up by 5.1 percentage points, from 5.5% in 2007 to 10.6% in 2017. Plus, the city's median household income has never quite recovered. In 2007, it was $70,506, and 10 years later it was just $69,969.
Flint has had to deal with not only the effects of the Great Recession, but also its own water crisis. In 2015, it was discovered that lead was present in the city's drinking water, which had previously been declared safe for consumption. By 2017, the effects of the recession and the water crisis had driven the median home value to 63% below where it was a decade earlier. Lincoln Park, Eastpointe and Lansing also experienced declines of 17.84%, 18.72% and 17.3% in median home values during the same period.
Owatonna, located in southern Minnesota, is approximately 65 miles south of Minneapolis. Its labor force participation rate decreased by 4.8 percentage points from 2007 to 2017. But Owatonna wasn't the only Minnesota city that experienced labor force woes. During the same period, Maple Grove and Inver Grove Heights both suffered a decline of 5.4 percentage points and 7.6 percentage points, respectively.
Among the cities in Mississippi, Hattiesburg and Pearl saw the greatest increases in unemployment, with rates rising by 4.1 percentage points in each city. Hattiesburg's unemployment rate increased from 10.5% to 14.6%, and Pearl's rate grew from 4.5% to 8.6%. Additionally, Biloxi has a median household income that's lower than what it was 10 years ago — $43,632 in 2017 versus $44,528 in 2007.
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Both Hazelwood and Florissant saw a decline in home values — changes of 7.64% and 12.05%, respectively — during the period between 2007 and 2019. In Hazelwood, the 2007 median home value was $122,925, which dropped to $113,530 by 2019. Florissant's median home value was $122,450 in 2007, but by 2019, it had decreased to $107,690.
Bozeman experienced a 1.5 percentage point increase in unemployment between 2007 and 2017, going from 3.6% to 5.1%. Within the same period, Missoula's unemployment rate experienced an increase of 1 percentage point, rising from 5.2% to 6.2%.
The unemployment rate in Bellevue rose by 0.3 percentage points, going from 5.6% in 2007 to 5.9% in 2017. In Grand Island, unemployment was also on the rise, increasing by 0.8 percentage points, from 5% to 5.8%. In Lincoln, however, it was labor force participation that suffered. Over the decade, the city's labor force participation rate saw a decline of 2.5 percentage points, dropping from 73.9% to 71.4%.
Home values in North Las Vegas declined by 48.32% from 2007 to 2009. By 2019, the median home value had climbed back up but was still 2.87% below where it sat in 2007. From 2007 to 2017, the unemployment rate in North Las Vegas also increased by 3.5 percentage points, going from 5.4% to 8.9%. And in 2017, the median household income in the city was $55,828 — it was higher in 2007, at $56,716.
While most cities in New Hampshire witnessed a decrease in unemployment between 2007 and 2017, Nashua is the only city that had a higher unemployment rate in 2017 than in 2007 — 5.5% vs. 5.3%. However, labor force participation rates declined for all cities in New Hampshire over the decade. As of 2017, none of those rates had recovered to what they were in 2007.
The median home value in New Brunswick took a nosedive of 10.4% between 2007 and 2019, declining from $300,517 in 2007 to $269,270 in 2019. Plus, the median household income in this city plummeted by 17.86% from 2007 to 2017. The unemployment rate was also notable, increasing by 4.6 percentage points between 2007 and 2017, from 4.9% to 9.5%.
Rio Rancho has been the slowest to recover from the recession, and its unemployment rate proves it. The rate increased by 2 percentage points between 2007 and 2017, going from 5.2% to 7.2%. Additionally, the city saw a 6.3 percentage point decrease in its labor participation rate, dropping from 69.5% to 63.2%.
The median home value in Shirley has declined by 14.55% since 2007, falling from $309,000 to $264,050. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate in Harrison increased by 3.3 percentage points between 2007 and 2017, going from 4.2% to 7.5%. In Deer Park, a 3 percentage point increase in the unemployment rate occurred over the decade, rising from 3.9% to 6.9%.
In Rocky Mount, the median home value went from $103,717 in 2007 to $91,460 in 2019 — a decrease of 11.82%. Plus, during the period from 2007 to 2017, the city's unemployment rate rose by 1.6 percentage points, going from 9.1% to 10.7%. In Matthews, however, the median household income declined by 5.74% during the decade.
Compared to the other cities in North Dakota, Grand Forks has struggled the most in recovering from the Great Recession. While it made gains in some areas, the city's unemployment level in 2017 was higher than its 2007 rate. Over the decade, the unemployment rate increased by 0.8 percentage points, going from 3.3% to 4.1%.
Garfield Heights has been the hardest-hit Ohio city. The median home value plunged from $103,650 in 2007 to $67,740 in 2019 — a decrease of 34.65%. Plus, it suffered a 2.78% decrease in median household income. During the same period, however, Euclid and Cleveland also experienced plummeting median home values, with decreases of 27.31% and 34.9%, respectively.
Midwest City saw the largest unemployment rate increase between 2007 and 2017, when unemployment rose 1.6 percentage points, from 4.1% to 5.7%. Broken Arrow had the second-largest unemployment rate increase — 1.3 percentage points. Owasso and Bartlesville tied for third, with a 1 percentage point increase in each city over the same period.
Labor force participation declined across this Northwestern state from 2007 to 2017. In Albany, the labor force participation rate dropped by 4.9 percentage points, going from 67.5% to 62.6%. Keizer's decreased by 4.5 percentage points, moving from 66.9% to 62.4%. And in Grants Pass, labor force participation dropped by 3.8 percentage points — 57.2% to 53.4%.
In Harrisburg, the median home value decreased by 18.3% between 2007 and 2019. Home values fell in Scranton too, but more drastically — by 24.26%. Harrisburg also suffered an increase in unemployment, going from 10.2% to 12.8% between 2017 and 2017, which amounted to a change of 2.6 percentage points.
Woonsocket has felt the biggest residual effects from the recession. The city's 2017 median household income was 3.07% below where it stood in 2007. Woonsocket's labor force participation rate also declined by 1.3 percentage points, going from 61.3% to 60%. And its unemployment rate has risen by 3.2 percentage points over the decade, growing from 5.4% to 8.6%.
Hilton Head has seen the largest decline in home values, which plummeted by 15.3% between 2007 and 2019. The median home value in Myrtle Beach also took a nosedive, with an 11.09% decline during the same period. Additionally, the unemployment rate in Myrtle Beach increased by 4.5 percentage points, going from 4.7% to 9.2%.
In Rapid City, the unemployment rate increased by 0.5 percentage points between 2007 and 2009, but it has since declined. However, the city's labor force participation rate also decreased by 2.9 percentage points between 2007 and 2017, going from 68.6% to 65.7%.
The unemployment rate in Cookeville rose by 2.6 percentage points between 2007 and 2017, going from 5.8% to 8.4%. Morristown's unemployment rate also grew by 3.1 percentage points over the same period, whereas Lebanon saw a slightly lower increase of 3 percentage points. Additionally, labor force participation in Bartlett dropped by 6.1 percentage points, moving from 70.5% to 64.4%.
As a result of the Great Recession, Harker Heights has fared the worst among the cities in Texas. Its unemployment rate increased by 2.7 percentage points between 2007 and 2017, jumping from 6.8% to 9.5%. Deer Park wasn't far behind, with an unemployment rate increase of 2.4 percentage points. Additionally, Harker Heights' labor force participation rate plummeted by 8 percentage points during the same period.
Read More: States Least Prepared for the Recession
The unemployment rate in American Fork rose by 3.2 percentage points between 2007 and 2017, from 2% to 5.2%. Meanwhile, St. George and West Jordan saw some of the biggest decreases in labor force participation, with their rates dropping by 3.1 and 2.8 percentage points, respectively.
Burlington experienced a slight decrease of 1.41% in home values between 2007 and 2009, but the median home value has since increased. And while the unemployment rate never increased between 2007 and 2017, labor force participation in the city declined by 1.8 percentage points, dropping from 67.1% to 65.3%.
More than one city in this state experienced a decline in home values between 2007 and 2019. The median home value plunged by 10.5% in Portsmouth, 9.28% in Newport News, 8.57% in Hampton and 8.75% in Suffolk. Additionally, in all four cities, unemployment increased during the same period. In 2017, unemployment rates were still higher than where they were 10 years prior.
Unemployment consistently rose from 2007 to 2017 in the cities of South Hill and Olympia, resulting in a 1.3 percentage point increase and a 2.2 percentage point increase, respectively. In Parkland, the unemployment rate rose by 1.7 percentage points during the same period. Additionally, South Hill saw the largest decrease in the labor force participation — 6.2 percentage points.
Between 2007 and 2017, Morgantown experienced the largest increase in unemployment — 2.7 percentage points. However, Huntington saw the largest decrease in labor force participation, with a drop of 2.7 percentage points. Charleston followed close behind with a 2.1 percentage point decrease, going from 61.5% to 59.4% in labor force participation.
Fitchburg witnessed the largest decrease in median household income, dropping by 4.76% between 2007 and 2017. However, during the same time frame, Fond du Lac and Franklin experienced decreases of 4 percentage points and 5.7 percentage points, respectively, in their labor participation rates. New Berlin fared slightly worse, with a 5.9 percentage point decrease in labor participation.
Between 2007 and 2017, the unemployment rate in Cheyenne outpaced that of other cities, increasing by 1.4 percentage points, from 4.5% to 5.9%. Laramie followed with an unemployment rate that increased by 0.9 percentage points. However, Gillette was the Wyoming city that saw the biggest dip in labor force participation — 8.2 percentage points — from 82.2% to 74% during the same period.
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Methodology: To find the cities in every state that haven't recovered from the 2008 recession, GOBankingRates looked at cities with 25,000-plus in total population according to the 2017 American Community Survey. They had to have the following data available: 2007, 2009 and 2019 median home values; 2007, 2009 and 2017 unemployment rates; 2007, 2009 and 2017 labor force participation rates; and 2007, 2009 and 2017 median household incomes. Home value data was sourced from Zillow, and all other data was sourced from the American Community Survey for each respective year. If the criteria were met, the cities moved on to be analyzed across the following eight factors: (1) percentage change in median home value from 2009 through 2019 (how it has recovered since the Great Recession); (2) percentage change in median home value from 2007 through 2019 (how it compares to pre-Great Recession figures); (3) change in unemployment rate from 2009 through 2017 (how it has recovered since the Great Recession); (4) change in unemployment rate from 2007 through 2017 (how it compares to pre-Great Recession figures); (5) change in labor force participation rate from 2009 through 2017 (how it has recovered since the Great Recession); (6) change in labor force participation rate from 2007 through 2017 (how it compares to pre-Great Recession figures); (7) percentage change in median household income from 2009 through 2017 (how it has recovered since the Great Recession); and (8) percentage change in median household income from 2007 through 2017 (how it compares to pre-Great Recession figures). These factors were scored among the other qualifying cities in each respective state. The cities with the highest scores were deemed to be the ones that are the least recovered from the 2008 recession. In final tallies, factors No. 5 and 6 were weighted 1/2 times the other factors. All data used to conduct this study was compiled and verified on Dec. 12, 2019.
Cynthia Measom
Cynthia Measom is a personal finance writer and editor with over 15 years of collective experience. Her articles have been featured in MSN, AOL, Yahoo Finance, INSIDER, Houston Chronicle and The Seattle Times. She attended the University of Texas at Austin and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English.
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The Family and Medical Leave Act, 29 USC 2612, was enacted to allow workers flexibility in scheduling time for medical problems and to alleviate some of the tension caused by the competing demands of work and family. Generally speaking, the act provides employees who have a "serious health condition" with an unpaid medical leave for up to 12 weeks per year. The employer must hold open a job for an employee on FMLA leave during the medical leave period.
Not all employees are eligible for an FMLA leave. Employees must have worked for the employer for 12 months before the leave begins and must have worked 1250 hours (about 24 hours per week on average) during the previous 12 months. Only employers who employ at least 50 employees at the location where the employee works (other locations within 75 miles of the employee's location may also be considered) are covered.
There are a few common misperceptions about the FMLA.
First, an employee does not have to use the words "FMLA" or "leave of absence" in order to be protected from being fired during if the employee misses work due to an injury or illness. He or see only needs to give the employer "enough information so that the employer may conclude that the employee has a serious health condition necessitating his absence."
Second, the damages in an FMLA case are not limted to income lost during the 12 week leave period permitted by the statute. Violating the FMLA may expose an employer to damages for lost wages well beyond the date the employee would have returned to work. FMLA liability includes an obligation for reinsatement, back pay, penalty or liquidated (double) damages , attorney fees, and costs of litigation.


We had a delightful time playing in the outer foyer of Leekes to entertain bank holiday shoppers visiting the store in the surprisingly summer April morning.
Our tunes included Elvis Presley: "Always on my Mind", Robbie Williams: "Have You Met Miss Jones" & "Mack The Knife", Frank Sinatra: "My Way", Fool's Garden: "Lemon Tree", "Basin Street Blues", Beach Boys medley, "Teddy Bears' Picnic", "March: 1919", an Italian medley and other songs.
We ended our set with "We'll Meet Again"; it would certainly be great to be invited back next year!
We were delighted to play for a private audience a mix of our upbeat tunes followed by Christmas songs; taking many requests and fulfilling them to the enjoyment of all. It was a fantastic evening with both the band and guests having lots of fun – we hope to return next year!
We were happy to return to the Centre Parcs venue for another mix of songs to the delight of the families on holiday and our conductor, Alan, performed the bugle call at 11am.
The Central Methodist Church, Chippenham was the perfect place to play our part at a memorable event, 100 years on from the loss of Chippenham lives in the 1st World War.
Although there was a distinct chill in the air, there was a great turnout of people enjoying the park and our music. John Coles park was a cheerful place with people playing fetch with dogs, flying kites, cycling around the bandstand and sitting on benches enjoying ice cream. Whilst it was rather windy the potential rain held off and we had a brilliant concert to end the summer bandstand season at Chippenham.
We played several marches "Barnyard Castle", "Musket, Fife and Drum" and "Blaze Away" which are always well received. We also played medleys of familiar tunes including "Beach Boys" and "Viva Italia", some swing pieces such as "Cheek to Cheek" and songs to dance by – with our own conductor going off-stage to dance to "Rock Around the Clock". I wasn't certain if anyone joined in with the motions for "Loco-Motion" and the YMCA part of "Disco Lives" but I heard a few sing along to "Tequila"! Some film music made it to the mix including "Toy Story 2" and "Pirates of the Caribbean".
Despite an overcast day, there was a tremendous turnout of people attending the fair and it's various stalls. Morris dancers also entertained (thankfully far enough away so our music didn't clash!) We played a variety of pieces with the crowd applauding most the RAF March Past and Viva Italia medley. I couldn't tell if anyone joined in on the YMCA or sang along with Tequila as I was concentrating on playing!
Our two sets were at 12:30-13:30, 14:30-15:30 in front of the war memorial. Some ex-band members were a pleasant sight in the audience and band members' families enjoyed the afternoon too.
The National Trust car park, even with diligent car park attendants, had a queue almost back to the A350 before 12:00 so try to head over earlier if posssible.
Lacock Church itself is a great source of tea, coffee and generous portions of cake – all for a good cause.
Whilst not quite the deluge of our concert last September, the weather was a drastic change from the bright sunny weather of recent weeks; threatening to rain and strong winds! A valiant crowd still joined us for an afternoon of tunes. We mostly played marches and theme tunes. During the YMCA portion of "Disco Lives" a gust of wind caught several stands and instrument cases but we managed to play on!
Another superbly sunny afternoon for a splendid fete. Lots of stalls, vintage cars and even a family dog show. It was delightful to see so many dogs out and about! This was our second year to be invited to play at Tockenham and we enjoyed every second.
We played following the 2pm opening announcements, had a brief break for sandwiches, tea and delicious cake then continued until gone 4pm. Our repertoire included Beach Boys, Moon River, Toy Story 2, Mondo Glissando, A Bridge Too Far, Fly Me To The Moon, Barnyard Castle and Locomotion to name but a few.
The afternoon was bright and hot; we were very grateful for our marquee! There was a great turnout of locals attending the fete with a variety of stalls ranging from face painting to cream teas. We played marching pieces Barnyard Castle and A Bridge Too Far as well as relaxing tunes including Moon River, My Way and Can't Help Falling In Love. We also played various lighthearted songs such as Viva Italia (medley), Beach Boys (medley) and I've Had The Time Of My Life. Finishing as per tradition with We'll Meet Again; looking forward to next year!


What Kind Of Intent Is Required To Violate A Protective Order? - Roth Davies, LLC.What Kind Of Intent Is Required To Violate A Protective Order? - Roth Davies, LLC.
State v. Sinzogan, 2017, 388 P.3d 176, 53 Kan.App.2d 324, review granted in part.
Sinzogan was charged with stalking and violation of a protection from stalking order based on his actions at a Hutchinson mall on October 15, 2013. The victim, H.G., was Sinzogan's ex-wife. Both Sinzogan and H.G. agreed they were in the parking lot; however, their accounts of what occurred differed. Id. at 178.
According to H.G., she was in the mall parking lot with a friend when Sinzogan approached them wanting to talk. Id. Although H.G. indicated she did not want to talk, Sinzogan was insistent and would not let her go, at one point grabbing her wrist. He kept telling H.G. he loved her and wanted to be with her, scaring H.G. because he was acting irrationally. Id. After H.G. told Sinzogan she did not love him, he got back in his car and left.
Sinzogan's testimony focused on his marital relationship with the victim. Sinzogan testified he went to the mall to meet a new friend and recognized H.G.'s vehicle in the parking lot. As a result, he met his friend inside the mall and immediately left. Id.
Sinzogan moved for acquittal, arguing, in part, violation of a protective order and stalking were multiplicitous, but the district court denied his motion. Id. The defendant was convicted of both counts which he then appealed.
"Sinzogan argues his convictions for violating a protective order and stalking are multiplicitous and one of the convictions must be vacated. Multiplicity occurs when more than one count of a charging document results from a single offense; it violates the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution because it creates the potential for multiple punishments for the same crime." Id.
Violation of a protective order is knowingly violating "a protection from stalking order issued pursuant to K.S.A. 60–31a05 or 60–31a06, and amendments thereto." Id. at 179.
Stalking is: "After being served with, or otherwise provided notice of, any protective order included in K.S.A. 21–3843, prior to its repeal or K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21–5924, and amendments thereto, that prohibits contact with a targeted person, recklessly engaging in at least one act listed in subsection (f)(1) that violates the provisions of the order and would cause a reasonable person to fear for such person's safety, or the safety of a member of such person's immediate family and the targeted person is actually placed in such fear." Id.
Proving stalking pursuant to K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21–5427(a)(3) requires proof the defendant violated a protective order. Id. Seemingly, violation of a protective order is a lesser included crime of stalking pursuant to K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21–5427(a)(3). Id. However, the statutes require different culpable mental states. "Violation of a protective order requires the offense be committed knowingly." Id. "In contrast, stalking only requires proof the defendant recklessly violated the protective order." Id.
The court held that the culpable mental state for violation of a protective order—knowingly—is higher than the culpable mental state for stalking by violating a protective order—recklessly. Id. at 180. Violation of a protective order is not a lesser included offense of stalking. Id. The convictions were affirmed.
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Immigration attorney Leon Fresco joined a Bloomberg Law podcast where he discussed the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) decision to end Title 42 and the expected increase of immigrants at the U.S.-Mexico border. Title 42 allows the CDC to turn away migrants and asylum seekers at the border in the interest of public health, particularly during a situation like the pandemic, and the CDC announced it will lift it on May 23, 2022. Mr. Fresco discussed the buildup of people waiting across the border until the policy is lifted and talked about whether or not the Biden Administration is prepared for the anticipated influx in immigrants.
Duration: 28:25 (Interview begins at 13:04)
Leon Fresco
Immigration Litigation and Dispute Resolution


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