text:
A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (the long, slender projection of a neuron). Neurons are sometimes called nerve cells, though this term is technically imprecise since many neurons do not form nerves, and nerves also include the non-axon glial cells that ensheath the axons in myelin.
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2 Clinical importance
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Nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system. Afferent nerves convey sensory signals "to" the central nervous system, for example from skin or organs, while efferent nerves conduct stimulatory signals "from" the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. Afferent and efferent axons are often arranged together, forming mixed nerves. For example, the median nerve controls motor and sensory function in the hand.
Billions of long nerve cells, called neurons,make up the bodies's nervous system. Neurons receive and transmit chemical-electrical messages to and from the brain. Each neuron is long and thin. One end receives messages and the other transmits the message to the next neuron.The messages "jump" across a gap from one neuron cell to another.
Each peripheral nerve is covered externally by a dense sheath of connective tissue, the epineurium. Underlying this is a layer of flat cells forming a complete sleeve, the perineurium. Perineurial septa extend into the nerve and subdivide it into several bundles of fibres. Surrounding each such fibre is the endoneurial sheath. This forms an unbroken tube which extends from the surface of the spinal cord to the level at which the axon synapses with its muscle fibres or ends in sensory receptors. The endoneurial sheath consists of an inner sleeve of material called the glycocalyx and an outer, delicate, meshwork of collagen fibres. Peripheral nerves are richly supplied with blood.
Most nerves connect to the central nervous system through the spinal cord. The twelve cranial nerves, however, connect directly to parts of the brain. Spinal nerves are given letter-number combinations according to the vertebra through which they connect to the spinal column. Cranial nerves are assigned numbers, usually expressed as Roman numerals from I to XII. In addition, most major nerves have descriptive names. Inside the central nervous system, distinguishable bundles of axons are termed tracts rather than nerves.
The signals that nerves carry, sometimes called nerve impulses, are also known as action potentials. These are rapidly (up to 120 m/s) travelling electrical waves, which typically begin in the cell body of a neuron and propagate down the axon to its tip or "terminus." The signals cross over from the terminus of the axon to the adjacent neurotransmitter receptor through a gap called the synapse. Motor neurons innervate or activate muscles groups.
Clinical importance
Damage to nerves can be caused by physical injury, swelling (e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome), autoimmune diseases (e.g. Guillain-Barré syndrome), infection (neuritis), diabetes, or failure of the blood vessels surrounding the nerve. A pinched nerve occurs when pressure is placed on a nerve, usually from swelling due to an injury or pregnancy. Nerve damage or pinched nerves are usually accompanied by pain, numbness, weakness, or paralysis. Patients may feel these symptoms in areas far from the actual site of damage, a phenomenon called referred pain. Referred pain occurs because when a nerve is damaged, signalling is defective from all parts of the area from which the nerve receives input, not just the site of the damage. Neurologists usually diagnose disorders of the nerves by a physical examination, including the testing of reflexes, walking and other directed movements, muscle weakness, proprioception, and the sense of touch. This initial exam can be followed with tests such as nerve conduction study and electromyography (EMG).
Dermatomic area
Nerves: spinal nerves
Cervical (8)
anterior (Cervical plexus, Brachial plexus) - posterior (Posterior branches of cervical nerves, Suboccipital, Greater occipital, Third occipital)
Thoracic (12)
anterior (Intercostal, Intercostobrachial - T2, Thoraco-abdominal nerves - T7-T11, Subcostal - T12) - posterior (Posterior branches of thoracic nerves)
Lumbar (5)
anterior (Lumbar plexus, Lumbosacral trunk) - posterior (Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves, Superior cluneal L1-L3)
Sacral (5)
anterior (Sacral plexus) - posterior (Posterior branches of sacral nerves, Medial cluneal nerves)
Coccygeal (1)
anterior (Coccygeal plexus) - posterior (Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve)
Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves
I-IV
olfactory • optic • oculomotor (superior branch, inferior branch) • trochlear
V: trigeminal
trigeminal ganglion • ophthalmic • maxillary • mandibular
VI: abducens
no significant branches
VII: facial
nervus intermedius • geniculate • inside facial canal (greater petrosal, nerve to the stapedius, chorda tympani) • at exit from stylomastoid foramen (posterior auricular, digastric • stylohyoid) • on face (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical)
VIII: vestibulocochlear
cochlear (striae medullares, lateral lemniscus) • vestibular (Scarpa's ganglion)
IX: glossopharyngeal
nucleus ambiguus • ganglia (superior, petrous) • tympanic (tympanic plexus, lesser petrosal) • carotid sinus • pharyngeal branches • pharyngeal plexus
X: vagus
ganglia (jugular, nodose) • in the jugular fossa (meningeal branch, auricular branch) • in the neck (pharyngeal branch, superior laryngeal ext and int, recurrent laryngeal, superior cervical cardiac) • in the thorax (inferior cardiac, pulmonary branches, anterior vagal trunk, posterior vagal trunk) • in the abdomen (celiac branches - renal branches - hepatic branches of anterior vagal trunk - anterior gastric branches of anterior vagal trunk - posterior gastric branches of posterior vagal trunk)
XI-XII
accessory • hypoglossal
Nerves of head and neck: the cervical plexus
Lesser occipital • Greater auricular • Transverse cervical • Supraclavicular
Ansa cervicalis • Phrenic
Nerves of upper limbs (primarily): the brachial plexus
Supraclavicular
dorsal scapular • suprascapular • to the subclavius • long thoracic
Infraclavicular: lateral cord
musculocutaneous (lateral cutaneous of forearm) • lateral pectoral
lateral head of median (anterior interosseous, palmar, common palmar digital, proper palmar digital)
Infraclavicular: medial cord
medial pectoral • medial cutaneous of forearm • medial cutaneous of arm
ulnar (muscular branches, dorsal branch, palmar branch, superficial branch, deep branch)
medial head of median
Infraclavicular: posterior cord
subscapular (upper, lower) • thoracodorsal
axillary (superior lateral cutaneous of arm)
radial (muscular, inferior lateral cutaneous of arm, posterior cutaneous of arm, posterior cutaneous of forearm, superficial branch, deep branch, posterior interosseous)
cutaneous innervation of the upper limbs
Nerves - autonomic nervous system (sympathetic nervous system/ganglion/trunks and parasympathetic nervous system/ganglion)
Head/cranial
Ciliary ganglion (Short ciliary nerves) - Pterygopalatine ganglion (Nerve of pterygoid canal) - Submandibular ganglion - Otic ganglion
paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia (Superior, Middle, Inferior) - Stellate ganglion
prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus - Internal carotid
Chest/thorax
paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia
prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus - Esophageal plexus - Pulmonary plexus - Thoracic aortic plexus
splanchnic nerves: Thoracic splanchnic nerves
cardiac nerves: Superior - Middle - Inferior
Abdomen/Lumbar
paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia
prevertebral ganglia: Celiac ganglia (Aorticorenal) - Superior mesenteric ganglion - Inferior mesenteric ganglion
prevertebral plexus: Celiac plexus - (Hepatic, Splenic, Pancreatic) - aorticorenal (Abdominal aortic plexus, Renal/Suprarenal) - Superior mesenteric (Gastric) - Inferior mesenteric (Spermatic, Ovarian) - Superior hypogastric (hypogastric nerve, Superior rectal) - Inferior hypogastric (Vesical, Prostatic/Cavernous nerves of penis, Uterovaginal, Middle rectal)
splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves
enteric nervous system: Meissner's plexus • Auerbach's plexus
Pelvis/sacral
paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia - Ganglion impar
splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves - Sacral splanchnic nerves
Rami communicans (White, Gray) - Preganglionic fibers - Postganglionic fibers
Nerves of lower limbs and lower torso: the lumbosacral plexus
lumbar plexus (L1-L4)
iliohypogastric (lateral cutaneous branch, anterior cutaneous branch) - ilioinguinal (anterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀) - genitofemoral (femoral branch/lumboinguinal, genital branch) - lateral cutaneous of thigh (patellar) - obturator (anterior, cutaneous, posterior, accessory) - femoral (anterior cutaneous branches, saphenous)
sacral plexus (L4-S4)
muscular: superior gluteal/inferior gluteal - to quadratus femoris - to obturator internus - to the piriformis
sciatic: tibial (medial sural cutaneous, sural, medial calcaneal, medial plantar, lateral plantar)
sciatic: common fibular (lateral sural cutaneous, deep fibular, superficial fibular, medial dorsal cutaneous, intermediate dorsal cutaneous)
cutaneous: posterior cutaneous of thigh (inferior cluneal, perineal branches) - perforating cutaneous
coccygeal plexus (S4-Co)
pudendal: inferior anal - perineal (deep, posterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀) - dorsal of the penis ♂/clitoris ♀
anococcygeal
cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs
Categories: Nervous system | Neuroanatomy
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Nerve". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Nerve.html


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text:
Корисні копалини Лівії.

Загальна характеристика

У Лівії відомі великі родовища нафти, природного газу, зал. руд і невеликі родов. калійної і магнезіальної солей, соди, фосфоритів, гіпсу, вапняків, глини і вугілля (табл.). Мінеральні родовища включають також мармур, бентоніт, пісок кремнезему, є прояви золота і базових металів.

Таблиця. – Основні корисні копалини Лівії станом на 1998-1999 рр.

Окремі види корисних копалин

Нафта і газ. За запасами нафти Лівія посідає 1-е місце в Африці [Mining Annual Review 2002]. У країні виявлено бл. 90 нафтових і бл. 10 газових родов. в нафто-газоносних областях Хамра на заході і Сирт на сході. Нафтогазоносна область Хамра приурочена до сх. частини Алжиро-Лівійського бас., виконаного палеозойськими переважно теригенними морськими і континентальними відкладами потужністю до 4 км, перекритими на півночі піщано-глинистими і вапняковими відкладами мезозою (потужність — до 2 км). Тут у відкладах ордовика — ниж. тріасу виявлено 35 нафтових і газових родовищ. Колектори високої пористості (18-25%). Найбільші родов. — Хамра, Емгаєт. Нафти легкі (до 840 кг/м3), малосірчисті. У нафтогазоносній області Сирт, яка входить до Сахаро-Середземноморського нафтогазоносного бас. продуктивні пісковики кембрію-ордовика, доломіти і рифогенні вапняки верх. крейди, вапняки і рифогенні вапняки палеоцену-еоцену (до 12 горизонтів). Родов. пов'язані з пологими брахіантикліналями. Поклади пластові склепінчасті (у вапняках масивні), локалізовані в осн. на глиб. 900—2500 м. Виявлено 80 родов., в тому числі гігантське родов. Серір і найбільші (з запасами понад 100 млн т) родов. нафти Амаль, Нафура, Рагуба, Інтісар Д, Насер (Зельтен), Бахі, Ваха, Самах, Дефа та ін., а також родов. газу Хатейба (339 млрд м3). Нафти легкі і середні (до 860 кг/м3).

У 1988, коли були виявлені останні значні родовища нафти на території країни, обсяг запасів нафти оцінювався в 3 млрд т. Найбільші родовища нафти — Серір, Бахі, Нафура, Рагуба, Інтісар, Насер, Ваха, Самах — розташовані на південь від затоки Сидру і сполучені нафтопроводами з узбережжям.

За оцінками British Petroleum на 2003 р у Лівії запаси нафти 30 млрд бар., частка у світі — 3%, за рівнем споживання майбутній продуктивний період — 59 р.

За запасами природного газу Лівія займає 3-є місце в Африці (після Алжиру і Нігерії). Найбільше родовище Хатейба (339 млрд куб. м). На початку 1990-х років в нафтогазоносному басейні Сурт (Сирт) були виявлені нові запаси природного газу.

Вугілля. Запаси вугілля в країні встановлені східніше Мурзука, де в нубійських пісковиках залягає пласт вугілля потужністю бл. 10 м (Завіла), на півночі — вугленосний горизонт в нижньокрейдових відкладах (Налут, Кікла, Тархуна).

Залізо. Родов. зал. руд осадового типу є в районі Еш-Шаті. Рудоносні товщі верх. девону представлені глинисто-піщанистими відкладами з прошарками вапняків і мергелей. Загальна довжина рудоносної зони 180 км, шир. 10-15 км, потужність рудної пачки 50 м. У розрізі виділено 5 продуктивних пластів потужністю 4-9 м. Руди представлені гематитом, гетитом, сидеритом оолітової будови. Найбільші родов.: Півд. Тарут, Ашкеда, Ед-Дуеса і Ель-Ауджа та ін. Характерна особливість зал. руд — підвищений вміст фосфору.

Фосфорити. У Л. відомі родов. і вияви фосфоритів у відкладах верх. тріасу і маастріхт-палеогенового віку на півн.-заході.

Лінзоподібні промислові пласти піщанистих зернистих фосфоритів мають потужність 0,2-0,3 м, вміст Р2О5, до 31,4%.

Нерудні мінерали. Родов. гіпсу приурочені до відкладів ниж. юри і поширені на півн.-зах. Триполітанії, в районі Ер-Румія. Потужність гіпсоносної товщі 270 м. Родов. калійних і магнезіальних солей пов'язані з міоценовими відкладами в озерній улоговині району г. Марада. Сода видобувається з озер западини Мурзук, найбільш великі озера досягають розміру 60х450 м при глиб. 0,5-1 м.

Концентрація ропи 23-205 г/л сухого залишку. При пересиханні озер потужність кірки солей 15-30 см (вміст Na2СО3 34,1-66,5%). Родов. глин пов'язані з відкладами ниж. крейди в районі г. Гар'ян, вапняків (для виробництва цементу) — з міоценовими відкладами в районі гір Хомс і Бенгазі.

Див. також

 Геологія Лівії,
 Історія освоєння мінеральних ресурсів Лівії,
 Гірнича промисловість Лівії.

Джерела

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Can students replace the social aspects of in-person school?
Five reasons for Las Vegans to feel optimistic ...
Not all bad: 2020 positives we hope carry ...
Las Vegas chefs share the secrets behind their ...
'Limitless' No Limits Wrestling Tournament
Genevie Durano
Thu, Aug 20, 2020 (9 a.m.)
One of the biggest impacts for children distance learning this fall will be losing the social interaction that school provides. It's especially true for younger children, who learn how to navigate the world beyond their family unit through early interactions with peers. Learning the basics of math and reading is important, but in those formative years, the social element is just as critical to children's development.
Questions abound as most Las Vegans return to school at home
How can we maximize children's chances for remote-learning success?
What should we do when students exhibit signs of depression over their social isolation?
What does school spirit look like without athletics or in-person extracurriculars?
Might online instruction widen the learning gap?
What do Southern Nevada's colleges have planned for fall instruction?
How will the college admissions process be impacted this fall?
There are metrics to measure academic achievement—or its drop-off—as a result of the pandemic, but the effects of social distancing are harder to quantify, and it's something with which parents will continue grappling when school begins. For Henderson mom Alexa Sullivan, telling her 6-year-old son and 3-year-old daughter why they can't be with their friends freely is an emotional undertaking. "I never thought that if I said no to something, their first reaction was going to be, 'Why? Because of COVID? Because everybody's sick?'"
Explaining to her son, who's starting first grade this year, why he's not going back to regular school was also another difficult conversation, Sullivan says. "I [had to tell him], 'You know, I understand that those things are sad, but this is the only way Mommy can ensure that your education is getting disrupted the least.'"
For now, Sullivan has cobbled together a small social network that she trusts to be doing the same things and making the same choices as her family when it comes to staying safe. "Having some of his friends come over once a week—we do a science project or an art project, [while] those moms get a little bit of a break—is really our best bet at this point."
Ashley Howson, mother to two girls, in third and fifth grade, is also taking the small-circle approach to socialization. "We are very fortunate to have some really great friends and some great support," she says. "With the people that we're comfortable with, we've started to integrate in small groups, maybe one family at a time. We're just keeping it limited."
When the school year's in full swing, Howson plans to deepen those social relationships and create a kind of support network for parents, who will no doubt be overwhelmed juggling work and schooling. "[The kids] do group FaceTime with some of their friends that they're not able to see, and then we have activities that the kids like to do," she says. "[We're] just trying to keep those things going, so that they are still getting interaction with other people and learning social etiquette."
Contact Genevie
As deputy editor at Las Vegas Weekly, Genevie Durano covers the Valley's dining scene. Previously she lived in New York ...
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Back in 2009, the auto industry was recovering from a recession. Designs were bland. Technology was archaic by today's standards. Just like people's appearances, a lot can happen in the auto industry in a decade. Check out a few cars and their features that may or may not have changed much since 2009.
Car keys were once as simple as house keys. They had one sole function and manual operation. In 2009, the BMW 7 Series had a key fob that didn't require being inserted into your ignition.
Now the 7 Series key is nearly as high tech as a smart phone. You can view your range, climate settings and even move your car forward or backwards by using the screen on the key fob.
Back in 2009, you were considered fancy if your car had a multi-color display that read more than a single line of information, like this 2009 Nissan Altima, below. Many cars that did had integrated HVAC controls, GPS and audio options within the same screen. Most cars still had a CD slot. If you were lucky, you could stream bluetooth audio.
Many 2019 models like this 2019 Nissan Altima, below, come standard with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto. Smartphone integration has eliminated the need for most factory GPS systems and even the CD slot by mirroring the display on your phone. This allows you to access things like Waze, Spotify and text messages without having to look away from the road and control your phone.
Back in 2009, the most powerful Challenger you could buy was the rear-wheel drive, 425hp SRT8 with a 6.1L Hemi.
For 2019, the most powerful Challenger available is the Challenger SRT Hellcat Redeye, packing a supercharged 6.2L that makes a whopping 797hp—nearly twice as much as the most powerful Challenger available back in 2009.
Unlike its competitor, the Challenger, the Ford Mustang has seen more significant updates in the last 10 years. The 2009 top trim, GT500 KR made a whopping (for 2009) 550hp.
The recently debuted GT500 features a significantly more aggressive frontend and packs a supercharged V8 that makes "over 700hp" sent to the independent rear suspension via DCT transmission.
Can you believe that the GT-R has been on sale in America for nearly as long as American fans begged for it to come here? It's had a few changes and steady price increases, but the GTR hasn't changed much since it first made its way to our shores.
On the other end of Nissan's product offerings is the Leaf electric car. Since its introduction in 2009, Nissan has sold nearly 400,000 Leafs world wide, making it the best selling electric car in the world.
The second-generation Leaf loses its anteater-like nose for one that looks more similar to a gasoline-powered Nissan. The range-topping Leaf Plus offers 3x more range than the original Leaf, which could only go 73 miles on a full charge.
In 2009, the Chrysler Pacifica was a forgettable mid-sized wannabe luxury crossover.
For 2019, the name was carried over to what used to be known as the Dodge Caravan and now lives on as a stylish minivan.
Unlike other cars on this list, Buick's 2009 offerings seemed to lack direction and originality. The 2009 Lacrosse was a front-wheel drive sedan with an odd quad headlight frontend.
Like a teenager with no direction, 10 years has done Buick good. It has found its way (as a brand) and gotten its look together.
No car on this list has "glowed up" like the Hyundai Sonata. The 2009 Sonata was a bland sedan with forgettable styling.
After a refresh in 2012, the Sonata became much edgier, and with powertrain options like a 276hp turbocharged four-cylinder, it was suddenly desirable. Though due for a redesign in a few years, the 2019 Sonata is still a handsome choice in the world of family sedans.
At a glance, the two interiors looks nearly the same.
A closer look shows that for 2019, Range Rover has replaced most of the buttons with screens. Even the HVAC dials have a display in them. Screens everywhere!
Can't decide whether Android Auto or Apple CarPlay is better? Read our review!


The MS-TestPro is the first affordable, elegant solution for in-the-field testing of HDBaseT-based systems and cabling. With its built-in monitoring, logging and diagnostics capabilities, installers and integrators have access to quick, efficient analysis and troubleshooting tools, helping to simplify audiovisual installations. The MS-TestPro supports HDBaseT Tx, Rx, and PoH (Power over HDBaseT) functionality, providing a highly-efficient testing platform for HDBaseT source and sink devices, powered devices, and up to 100 meters (328 feet) of CAT5e (or higher quality) cabling. The MS-TestPro can detect 4K sensitivities on the HDBaseT link, and assists installers in providing a guaranteed infrastructure for delivery of high-quality content using the market's most advanced AV technology.
The MS-TestPro affordable tester can analyze HDBaseT link quality effortlessly and on-the-spot. For the first time, installers and integrators can inspect quality test results in the field – and in less than a minute, detect any possible failure on the line.
Another important and first-of-its-kind MS-TestPro feature is its ability to generate a certification report detailing the quality and performance of each cable installed, before installations but also for existing infrastructure. The HDBaseT Report Generator automatically analyzes data collected by the MS-TestPro and details the quality and performance of a CATx cable forwarding HDBaseT traffic. The report can be transferred to a computer or even to a smartphone.
The MS-TestPro can even certify the readiness of an HDBaseT infrastructure for 4K content streaming quality, which is more sensitive to errors. Currently, HDBaseT is limited to a bandwidth of 8 Gbps. To quadruple the bandwidth, HDBaseT transitions to Pulse Amplitude Modulation with 16 levels (PAM-16) instead of 8 levels (PAM-8), increasing the possibility of error. MS-TestPro adjusts the testing criteria while switching from 1080P to a 4K resolution to meet the required transmission quality.


Ricky is available for adoption! Check out this super spunky monkey Ricky. Through no fault of his own this old lad has found himself searching for a loving family. Ricky is everyone's best mate though he particularly likes hanging out with males, I guess so they can do all the gross things us females don't like doing. 🤣 He needs a home without young children, a home where he can be indoors and have his special humans home more often than not. Ricky also likes doggies and would happily have one as his new bestie. He's a chilled out glass half full kind of guy, happy to head out on a walk or chill watching telly with you. If you think Ricky may be the man for you, email us at theinbetweenersanimalrescue@gmail.com to find out more.
Molly is on the search for her happy ever after! A real busy bee is our girl Molly, her family will need to be the same. Although this young lady would love some space to run around on keeping her mind stimulated is more important for this smart cookie. Molly is always looking for what next! So a family willing to put in the hards yards teaching her tricks or doing some kind of agility would be her ideal home. Molly loves other dogs large or small it doesn't matter she will play with them all. This lass is after a home where she will have the best of both worlds being allowed indoors snoozing away on the couch as well as hooning around the yard. Because Molly can be a little silly at time she would rather live with no young children incase she accidentally balls them over. Primary school age and older for this girl. Molly is smart, she will flourish and become incredibly loyal in the right home. She is sweet and a genuine lovley young dog who just needs a little training and guidance to become your perfect match. If you think Molly is the girl for you email Theinbetweenersanimalrescue@gmail.com today.


Tania O'Donnell, A History of Courtship: 800 Years of Seduction Techniques (Pen & Sword; Barnsley, 2017).
Have you ever wondered why we give flowers to people we like? About the origins of the rhyme 'Roses are red, violets are blue'? How people in the past dressed to catch the eye? Why the girls in costume dramas always have to have an older lady in tow? Or generally how our forebears went about signalling their intent and making a move? If the answer to these questions is 'yes', then Tania O'Donnell's History of Courtship may be the book for you.
O'Donnell focuses on, mainly British, sometimes American, and certainly Western, courtship, from the development of courtly love in the twelfth century up to (and including) the nineteenth century. The twentieth century is avoided on the basis that its sweeping technological and social changes made courtship a very different game, which is perhaps true, but I would have loved to see the story taken from Tristan and Isolde to the early rock'n'roll which retold their tale so many times.
Nevertheless, A History of Courtship leaps nimbly between periods, from the court poets and troubadours of Europe in the Middle Ages to the dangers of Tudor England, and from the grubby London of the Restoration to the more familiar romantic settings of Regency ballrooms and Victorian studies. The book gives only a superficial sense of how courtship may have changed between these periods but this is understandable given its thematic, rather than chronological, organization. It may even be justified given O'Donnell's awareness that people themselves change rather less than customs over time and that even some of these have a cyclical existence.
Thematically, A History of Courtship illustrates an impressive range of romantic tropes (love at first sight, childhood sweethearts, kidnapping, elopement, proposal, marriage, scandal) using an equally impressive range of sources (clothing, cosmetics, legislation, letters, songs, poems, plays, diaries, sermons, gifts). The book is well illustrated with apposite selections, which speak to the depth of the author's immersion in, and the breadth of her knowledge on, her subject. Although this is a slender, accessible volume, these provide something unique the more academic reader can appreciate as readily as the more casual. I found the intricate "lover's knot" created by a hapless nineteenth century Pennsylvanian Quaker for the unrequiting object of his affections particularly intriguing.
O'Donnell, however, does not concentrate purely on the sweeter side of courtship at the expense of its, sometimes more visceral, reality. Regular readers of this blog will be quite satisfied with the quantities of scandal, prostitution, venereal disease, and 'Vinegar' Valentine's cards in evidence. There is even a lengthy extract from the works of our late patron, John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester. Whilst not entirely alleviating the biases of the more traditional sources, O'Donnell's approach also helps to draw out some of the leaner evidence on illiterate, poor or gay courtships.
Finally, O'Donnell offers a way of looking at the past that might help shed some light on our own lives. With the benefit of a little perspective, she seems to suggest, perhaps we should not rush to judgement in the present. Certainly, we should be grateful for the relative freedoms we enjoy today and should be cautious of viewing the past through rose-tinted spectacles. Above all, we should celebrate our courtships and not let them end at marriage. Seductive arguments.
A reclining lady with a fan. Eleuterio Pagliano, 1876.
Before the Victorian era, fans were prohibitively expensive and were most commonly used in the royal courts of Denmark and France. English women wanting them in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were obliged to buy them imported. Fortunately for the thriftier ladies of fashion, the mass production of the Industrial Revolution soon made them available to the wider public.
The popularity of fans during the Victorian period was due in no small part to French fan-maker, Duvelleroy. When his first London shop opened on Regent Street in 1860, sales were propelled by the shop's proprietor, Duvelleroy's son, Jules, who encouraged the development of the language of fans through guides he published in leaflets. Some of these signals had been used before, but many of them he invented.
The "language" was a set of signals ladies could give with the fans to communicate with their suitors without speaking to them. While it is true that certain signals had been in use in the royal courts of Europe before Jules Duvelleroy captured the imagination of his shoppers, the much expanded set of signals he fostered started out as little more than a clever marketing gimmick. It was romantic, flirtatious, and ladies loved it.
Yes: Touch your right cheek with your fan and leave it there.
No: Touch your left cheek with your fan and leave it there.
I'm married: Fan yourself slowly.
I'm engaged: Fan yourself quickly.
I desire to be acquainted with you: Place the fan in your left hand in front of your face.
Follow me: Place the fan in your right hand in front of your face.
Wait for me: Open your fan wide.
You have won my affection: Place the fan over your heart.
Do you love me?: Present the fan closed to them.
I love you: Draw the fan across your cheek.
Kiss me: Press a half-open fan to your lips.
I love someone else: Twirl the fan in your right hand.
We are being watched: Twirl the fan in your left hand.
You are cruel: Open and close the fan several times.
I hate you: Draw the fan through your hand.
Forgive me: Hold the fan open in both hands.
I am sorry: Draw the fan across your eyes.
Go away: Hold the fan over your left ear.
Do not be so imprudent: Make "threatening movements" with closed fan.
Do not betray our secret: Cover left ear with fan.
We will be friends: Drop the fan.
It is unclear how many ladies actually used fan signals to successfully communicate with their suitors. Even in this short list, there is ample opportunity for misunderstanding, and one can only guess how the gentlemen were expected to respond without holding fans of their own. We can only hope those not blessed with an expressive gaze were able to communicate by blinking in code or perhaps with rapid eyebrows movements! It's easy to imagine a young suitor, totally baffled by the curious fan movements of his beloved, misunderstanding or giving up completely. Heaven help the poor lady who drops the thing or itches her ear with it and ruins her chances with someone by accident.
Art nouveau advertisement for Duvelleroy by Gendrot, 1905.
In spite of the potential for misunderstanding, the popularity of fans endured throughout the nineteenth century. Beautiful fans were status symbols and they were an essential accessory for stuffy halls and ballrooms. Duvelleroy enjoyed another surge in popularity when they later embraced art nouveau with new shapes and hand painted designs.
Duvelleroy is still open today, in fact, and you can read about their history and see some of their stunning fans from the last two hundred years here.
MacColl, Gail and McD. Wallace, Carol. To Marry an English Lord.
Paterson, Michael. Life in Victorian Britain.
Willett Cunnington, C. English Women's Clothing in the Nineteenth Century.


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text:
Dirk Lindebaum
Understanding Freedom
Talks & Knowledge Exchange
Online Talks & Lectures
Copyright Dirk Lindebaum
Emancipation through Emotion Regulation at Work
Lindebaum, D. (forthcoming in spring 2017)
Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, UK
This book advocates the emancipation of emotion by enabling workers to regulate their emotions differently given emotional repression at work. Drawing on Critical Theory and Emotion Regulation, this book articulates two pathways to social control currently under-explored in management; one where the social functions of emotion are exploited, and one where the talk about emotion overrides its social function. While conducive to organizational control, workers may face adverse consequences as result of these pathways. The author illustrates the processes through which workers can start 'seeing through' the repression, and enlist specific emotion regulation strategies to emancipate themselves from it. Workers may use these strategies to buffer the adverse consequences of emotional repression in the short to medium-term. Yet, this book proposes that workers eventually may decide to change jobs in an attempt to remove themselves from the repression. If turnover frequency becomes unsustainable for organizations, it can potentially change the social structures that Critical Theory and its aim to emancipate is concerned with.
NOTE: Yiannis Gabriel has written a book review for Organization, which can be found here. Likewise, Paul Harvey wrote a book review for the Academy of Management Learning and Education. It will be online soon.


Monday-Friday, stop in from 5 – 6 p.m. for half-price wine and draft beer by the glass, as well as buy one, get one half-off appetizers..
Buy one lunch entree, get the second half-price. Includes only sections marked "Salads," "Burgers," "From the Grill," & full size pizzas.
Tuesday evenings, get half off bottles of wine (includes all but cellar list wines).
Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday evenings, try an 8, 12, 16 or 20 oz cut of our house-marinated, slow-roasted Certified Angus Beef.
25% off full-sized salads. Includes add-ons to a full-size salad.
20% off select menu items when served with soup du jour or chips. Salads do not include a side. No add-ons or substitutions.
Saturday mornings, buy one, get one half-off on mimosas.
At Stonewalls, we are proud to say that we aren't your typical fine dining restaurant. We are also the best steak house, seafood restaurant, breakfast restaurant and lunch restaurant in all of Rapid City. Save more on the most delicious and diverse restaurant in town by taking advantage of our incredible specials!


It's the season of giving. So present your favorite foodie — you know the one who's picky about pears, knows how to say foie gras and always has the best table at the newest restaurant in town — with the perfect gift for his or her discerning tastes. Chock full of local goodies from some of the area's best places, this basket could score you some friendship points or even a dinner party invitation.


text:
Eberlein Named Citizen of the Year
Department Intranet
Hernia Surgery
Surgical Prehabilitation and Readiness Program
Communicate securely with your physician's office
For Your Protection
Office of Surgical Education Staff
Appointment and Promotions Process
Time-Away Policy
Behavioral Code of Conduct
Campus Catch-Up
By William Morris • May 1, 2020 April 30, 2020
The Washington University campus community is making headlines every day. Members of the School of Medicine are regularly featured in local, national and international news stories. Department of Surgery faculty, staff and medical students are leaders in their specialties, and share their expertise when called upon. Campus Catch-Up collects some of these stories and celebrates members of the community who are receiving recognition.
Podcast: Preserving mental, physical health while isolating at home
From Show Me the Science Podcast
Graham Colditz, MD, DrPH, Division Chief of Public Health Sciences, says those confining themselves to their homes can take steps to stay mentally and physically healthy, the most important of which involves being kind to oneself.
The pandemic through the eyes of a medical student
From St. Louis Post-Dispatch
A medical student from Washington University School of Medicine describes the contributions of medical students nationwide in response to the pandemic, emphasizing the importance of studying infectious diseases.
Virtual Visits: The Doctor will See You Now
From Washington University Physicians
"A virtual visit is a phone call or video chat that allows a patient to privately address his or her health concerns with a provider without an in-person appointment." Washington University Physicians explains how to use virtual visits to meet health care needs.
From Siteman Cancer Center
Siteman Cancer Center wants to hear community questions regarding COVID-19 or cancer. A Washington University Physician will answer these questions in an upcoming video.
Do you have questions about COVID-19 or cancer? If so, please submit them at the link below. We're going to answer select questions in an upcoming video with a Washington University Physician.
Submit questions here: https://t.co/wXDdbdggtE
— SitemanCancerCenter (@SitemanCenter) April 17, 2020
Submit questions through the form linked on the Siteman Cancer Center Twitter.
National clinical trial to settle debate on managing airways in emergencies
Trauma doctors at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis are among nearly two dozen emergency medical care providers across the country conducting a clinical trial aimed at improving survival among people who have difficulty breathing after a trauma.
The trial will compare two strategies to help patients breathe at the scene of a trauma—endotracheal tube and supraglottic device—and determine if one increases survival more than the other.
Barnes-Jewish HospitalDepartment of SurgeryGraham ColditzNewsPublic Health SciencesSiteman Cancer CenterWashington University Physicians
Mary Culver Department of Surgery
4590 Children's Place, Suite 9600


text:
Q: Does concurrency happen even when only one thread is in a thread pool? I'm using Rails 5 and Ruby 2.4.  How can I figure out, or can you tell by looking at the below, whether there are multiple threads running at the same time?
pool = Concurrent::FixedThreadPool.new(1)
promises = links.map do |link|
  Concurrent::Promise.execute(executor: pool) do
    result = process_link(link)
    if result
      if result.kind_of?(Array)
        result.each do |my_obj|
          my_obj.update_attributes({ :a => a })
          records_processed = records_processed + my_obj.matches.count
        end
      else
        records_processed = records_processed + result.matches.count
        result.update_attributes({ :a => a })
      end
    end
  end
end
promises.map(&:wait).map(&:value!)

As I have set my pool to "1," my assumption is that nothing is running concurrently, but I keep getting this error ...
Error during processing: (ActiveRecord::ConnectionTimeoutError) could not obtain a connection from the pool within 5.000 seconds (waited 5.002 seconds); all pooled connections were in use
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:202:in `block in wait_poll'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:193:in `loop'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:193:in `wait_poll'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:154:in `internal_poll'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:278:in `internal_poll'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:148:in `block in poll'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/monitor.rb:214:in `mon_synchronize'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:158:in `synchronize'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:148:in `poll'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:717:in    `acquire_connection'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:490:in `checkout'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:364:in `connection'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:883:in `retrieve_connection'
/Users/nataliab/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activerecord-5.0.1/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:128:in `retrieve_connection'

I don't get the above error if I modify my code to run where I am positive there is no concurrency going on ...
links.each do |link|
  result = process_link(link)
  if result
    if result.kind_of?(Array)
      result.each do |race|
        my_obj.update_attributes({ :a => a })
        records_processed = records_processed + my_obj.matches.count
      end
    else
      records_processed = records_processed + result.matches.count
      result.update_attributes({ :a => a })
    end
  end
end

Edit: This is my database configuration for my development environment.  Also note that all of this is being run in the rails console.
development:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: utf8
  database: sims
  username: postgres
  password: password
  pool: 5
  timeout: 15000
  host: 127.0.0.1

A: Your assumption that multiple threads must be running concurrently just because the connection pool is being exhausted is not correct. Just because a connection is still 'checked out' from the connection pool doesn't mean that a query is currently being executed on the checked-out connection in a thread, it simply means that the thread's connection hasn't been checked back in. The thread could be sitting idle but still holding onto a connection from the connection pool as long as it hasn't been explicitly terminated.
Since ActiveRecord Connections are thread-local, you can exhaust the connection pool by running ActiveRecord queries on multiple threads, as you are doing in this case. (Every time Concurrent::FixedThreadPool.new(1) is called, a new thread is created.) Even if you're only running queries on a single thread at a time, by default a connection will still be held open on every thread until they are terminated.
To avoid this, you can either manually check in connections after using them, or ensure your threads are terminated (killed) so that their connections can be recovered (reaped) by the pool.

*

*To manually check in connections, refer to the ConnectionPool documentation for your options. The easiest way is to wrap your ActiveRecord code in a with_connection block:
Concurrent::Promise.execute(executor: pool) do
  ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.with_connection do
    # update_attributes, etc
  end
end

*To ensure all threads are terminated, call #shutdown followed by #wait_for_termination on the thread pool after you're finished using it:
values = promises.map(&:value!)
pool.shutdown
pool.wait_for_termination

A: You assumption that there is only one thread is incorrect. There are two - the one in the thread pool and the main one that spawned the one in the thread pool.
You might be confused as you made the main thread wait and it shouldn't access the database. That doesn't mean that it still doesn't hold a connection, hence preventing the other thread from acquiring one.
As a rule of thumb your database connection pool should be set to at least number of threads spawned + 1. In this case - 2.

Code to easily reproduce:
# migration
class CreateFoos < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    create_table :foos do |t|
      t.integer :bar
    end
  end
end

# model
class Foo < ApplicationRecord
end

# rake task
task experiment: :environment do
  Foo.create
  pool = Concurrent::FixedThreadPool.new(1)
  promise =
    Concurrent::Promise.execute(executor: pool) do
      Foo.first.update_attributes!(bar: rand(-42..42))
    end
  promise.wait.value!
end

Set pool to 1 in your config/database.yml and run the task. You will get an error. Set it to 2 - it will be just fine.
You can increase the number of threads in the pool and add at least that much promises for processing. You will consistently fail for database connection pool = number of threads in the thread pool and succeed if you add one more in config/database.yml.

A: Since you are defining the fixed thread pool to have one thread, I would assume that you are not achieving any kind of concurrency. Looking at your error it appears that the one available thread from the pool was busy for too long and caused the connection timeout exception.
When you altered your code implementation so that it did not contain a thread pool, the application was explicitly single threaded without the possibility of a connection timeout due to waiting on threads from a pool. Try increasing the size of your thread pool (perhaps to 3 or 5) and see if you are still getting that same exception.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Ford Top The List Of The Most Stolen SUV & Crossovers
Melissa Wade-Cutler is a native of North Carolina, where she was born and raised. She is the wife of Darryl and the mother of two beautiful children, daughter Darius and son Matthew. She attended the University of Carolina in Chapel Hill where she received her B.A. in Communications. She began her radio career in 1991 at WFXC in Durham. She has also worked with WQOK in Raleigh and WAMO in Pittsburgh, PA as a morning show co-host. Currently, you can hear Melissa Monday – Friday at the midday from 10am – 3pm on The Light 103.9, where she is widely known as Melissa "Wade in the Water." Melissa has been on the radio for over 25 years and is well known by her listeners and in the community. You can often find Melissa out in the community speaking at different events or even walking for some of her favorite causes. Melissa also has a love for the stage and is the Owner/CEO of "Wade in the Water" Productions. She has performed in various plays, and musicals, written and directed her own stage plays as well as others under her business umbrella "Wade In The Water, LLC." She conducts and acting camp for kids every summer; which teaches and features participating youth in an actual play presentation of acting and dance. You can read more about Melissa and upcoming events on her website at wadeinthewaterproductions.com Melissa is a Sr. Elder at Kingdom Community International in Bahama, NC, where she oversees the Arts department which includes: dance, step, mime, flag and a drama department.
Information gathered from the National Insurance Crime Bureau says Ford tops the most stolen SUV and Crossover vehicles.
Follow @thelightnc
Text "LIGHT" To 37890 for your chance at ticket giveaways and news before anyone else!…Standard Messaging Rates Apply
The top vehicles include:
1. Ford Escape
Edmunds.com says: The Ford Escape is not only popular with car shoppers, but it has a bull's eye on its tailgate when it comes to car thieves.
2. Ford Edge
3. Ford Explorer
4. Jeep Grand Cherokee
5. Kia Sorrento
6. Chevrolet Traverse
7. Nissan Rogue
8. Honda CR-V
9. Toyota RAV4
10. Chevrolet Equinox
source: msn.com; edmunds.com
LIKE The Light On Facebook To Keep Up With your favorite artist and celebrity news!
crossover Ford Edge Ford Escape Ford Explorer Most stolen SUV


text:
Beachwear businessman
Who is JD O'Brien? Meet The Apprentice 2016 candidate – here's what we know
JD says his voice is often what gets him noticed
by hannah shaw
4 Nov 2016, 8:42
Updated: 4 Nov 2016, 9:04
BEACHWEAR company owner JD O'Brien was booted out of this year's Apprentice in week 5 during the cycling crowdfunding task.
Lord Sugar told the defeated project manager: "It's not difficult for me to consider that you are responsible for the failure of this task, JD, and all you have done today is admit your mistakes, and it's something that I can't ignore. JD … you're fired."
The 37 year old from London is founder and owner of his own men's beachwear company.
JD O'Brien sees himself as a 'good bloke'Credit: PA:Press Association
Speaking in his distinctive voice to the BBC cameras ahead of the series, JD says "I've always had the gravelly voice since I was a kid, as long as I can remember.
"My voice does get noticed occasionally by ladies and men."
But will his voice help him stand out in the boardroom? JD will be up against eighteen other hopefuls to win The Apprentice and Lord Sugar's investment.
Speaking about his attitude to business he says "What excites me about business is making money, being successful, getting the plaudit from from your peers for being successful.
JD is one of the contestants on the new seriesCredit: BBC
"And a nice side effect from that is making money.
"I have a 'never say die' attitude, I keep going 'til the end and I won't sit down until I've achieved everything in life."
The Apprentice returns to our screens Thursdays at 9pm, the winning entrepreneur will receive a £250,000 investment from Lord Sugar to help grow their business.
There are 18 candidates taking part in this series, nine men and nine women are competing for Baroness Karren Brady and Claude Littner's approval, in the battle to become Lord Sugar's next apprentice.
When does The Apprentice 2016 start, who are the contestants and what can we expect?
Meet the 18 new Apprentice candidates fighting to secure £250,000 investment
Who is Frances Bishop? Meet The Apprentice 2016 candidate


Employment contracts and staff handbooks must be up to date, legally compliant, reflect the needs of the business and written in plain English. Get them wrong and you could regret it later on.
We advise clients in Fife, Lothian, Tayside and across Central Scotland. If you are looking for clear, practical employment contract & staff handbook drafting help from a real expert, give Ben a call today on 01383 27 2000 or fill out our online enquiry form – arrange your initial discussion about employment contract or staff handbook drafting or on any employment or HR issue today.


Hey its me again, Sara, from Twelve On Main. I am so excited to be here again today! I hope that you are thoroughly enjoying your summer so far, I know we are My favorite thing about the summer are the late sunsets. That means more hours in my day to do what ever we want. We are invariably always working on one project or another and why not? It's summer! Here are 10 DIY projects you must do this summer.
What a fun way to create some candles for your outdoor space. You could even make it with citronella candles to keep those nasty bugs away.
Aren't these lights adorable? I think I will make some to hang on my back porch.
This planter would look great to display your address on. I love the idea of planting some succulents in it.
This beverage station is super easy to make and would be a great addition to your outdoor dining space. It is also very economical and easily customizable to any style you may want.
This easy bench would be so cute in a garden area or on a front porch.
What a great way to start that garden you have always wanted to grow. Start small, this simple tutorial will get you there.
When you may not have enough space for planters a vertical herb garden is an excellent option.
I love this fire pit and how easy it is to make! Whats better than having a cookout in your own backyard? It is one of our most favorite things to do.
These citronella mason jar candles are so adorable. Keep those pesky bugs away in style.
This is one project that has been on my list for a while! It would be so great to spend some time outside watching a movie.
You should really try some of these easy DIY projects out. They can add so much to your outdoor spaces. I know there are a here that I will be working on….as soon as I get a little time. Thanks for letting me visit a little while today! I love to stop by and visit. Have a great day!
If you like this post, go checkout some of my other fun DIY projects and posts!
I am a mom of four kids, one German Shepherd named Bruin, and one husband. I have a huge passion for interior design, styling, baking, fashion, DIY projects and re-purposing. You can find me most days working on my home. Whether I am painting, building, or doing a DIY project, I can't get enough. I decided to start this blog at the request of my husband who is my partner for most of my projects. He definitely doesn't share the same passion I do, but he loves me enough to put up with it. Starting this blog was one of the best decisions I have made. While it is completely out of my comfort zone, I have learned so much and have made some incredible friendships. I hope you can find something here that speaks to you. So stick around, follow along, and enjoy my crazy life living at Twelve On Main.


Join Zaha Hadid, Winy Maas and other world renowned architects and thinkers for the first in a series of groundbreaking and provocative annual debates exploring the ideas and issues driving architectural practice in the 21st century. Le Corbusier's manifold legacy presents the perfect starting point for exploring the place of ethics in the architecture of our time. What ethical issues does Le Corbusier's practice pose for architects? Can we reconcile Le Corbusier's apparently destructive urbanist legacy with his humanist project? How are today's leading architects navigating the ethical dilemmas of building during a time of increasing economic disparities and diminishing resources? Early booking advised.


text:
The power of brand authenticity
October 18, 19 / by Katie Woodward
As we come to the end of 2019 and with annual trend reports likely well underway, we have been discussing the latest and greatest email trends and the priorities brands continue to tell us they're focusing on for email in 2020.
A topic we all feel about is the power of brand authenticity and how brands looking to achieve it. It is more important than ever for brands to offer authentic experiences, being true to their own mission and values in all that they do, including their communication with subscribers and customers. For a brand to be considered authentic, it must be perceived as reliable, respectful and real. According to Instapage, companies perceived to be authentic build brand loyalty and are likely to be more profitable.
As consumers, we feel inspired by authentic brands and emotionally invested in their success, so we buy their products even when there might be cheaper alternatives, so we demand that brands walk the talk. Whether about their features, benefits, quality, or even about how you should feel when using the product or what kind of lifestyle you should be able to achieve, if a brand is making a promise, we expect them to keep their promise (Forbes).
Over the past few years, it has been reported that consumers are becoming less loyal and trusting of brands, yet more demanding that they stand for something bigger than profits.
According to Fabrik, authentic brands thrive because:
You stand above the noise - if you can be authentic in everything you do and say, then your customers will do your marketing for you through word-of-mouth
You make stronger connections - genuine messages and ideas resonate more powerfully with people
You differentiate - an authentic brand stands out from dozens of competitors by being transparent building trust and generating long term loyalty
Put simply in email terms, authentic brands remain true to their identity and put the customer experience first to build brand affinity and stand out in a crowded inbox.
Let's look at three brands that provide authentic and engaging content in their emails.
Patagonia is a brand that screams sustainability from its culture and values, product design and manufacturing, to its marketing messages and advertising. Their business mission is "to save our home planet", proven by their business decisions such as buying 1 million acres of land in Patagonia, then donating it back to the government in 2017 and across their marketing channels.
The BAU emails below feature no product content but are promoting causes that the brand believes in and actively supports. By purchasing Patagonia products, customers feel like they're involved in the overall mission and are a part of a greater cause.
Selling more than their products, Gymshark aims to sell a lifestyle. As an example, this email features more than products; there's no direct selling content. They display content that's true to their brand vision, "To create the tools that help people unlock their full, incredible potential", including fitness advice, how to make workouts more environmentally friendly and a link to follow their Spotify account which has a wide range of playlists to motivate their followers.
This email is an innovative way to do a discount email differently with gamification. Fans of Sweaty Betty emails know to look out for this email every month or two. Subscribers are challenged to find Betty on a product page, somewhere on the website and receive 50% off the product where she's hiding. This not only encourages click through but increases product discoverability as subscribers actively scour the site to search through products hoping to find Betty and secure the discount.
Another great way to show authentic content in email is to display real customer reviews and user-generated content. According to Power Reviews, 97% of consumers depend on some form of review to inform purchase decision. Consumers expect information to be easily accessible to aid their purchase decisions. By showcasing reviews from real people wearing or experiencing the product someone is considering, this supports a consumer's purchase decision and builds trust in the brand.
This email from Yours Clothing shows ratings and reviews from customers in the email to encourage click through and purchase.
Using UGC in email is another powerful way to drive conversion. Through first-hand stories and experiences, UGC builds intimacy with your target audience and the results can be huge. A study by Olapic discovered retailers that use its user-generated content in email see a 43% increase in click-through rates and a 2-3X conversion rate. UGC transforms your product from a packaged showpiece on a virtual shelf into a genuine part of your 'tribes' lives (Klaviyo).
This email from Athleta features a product in the hero then both UGC and user reviews in the email using social proof to aid the consumer's decision.
We believe that brands must share regular and consistent, yet varied content that stays true to their values in order to build loyalty and drive repeat purchases. Over time, this is far more powerful than offering discounts to try to stand out in a loud marketplace.
in email marketing, open time email marketing, email predictions


Primo has a huge advantage over most steroids, as it's stronger than testosterone at binding to the androgen receptor. As with most dihydrotestosterone (DHT) related AAS, it's a good aid for fat loss. In addition, primo doesn't aromatize, so you won't need an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or SERM with it. Interesting fact, primobolan was tested by old-school bodybuilders as (gyno) treatment back in the 70s and 80s. As strange as it sounds, it has been medically proven to reduce breast tumors in women (which are mainly estrogen related).


Conventional lamps replacement for all kinds of E27 or E40 base street lights, for all kinds of urban street lights.
LED industrial lighting provides substantial energy savings and a long life. They are manufactured from high quality materials and comply with all European certifications.
Weather and waterproof, substantial energy saving of up to 80% and constant-current control.
Purchase the E27 to E40 adapterto turn it into an E40 base lamp.


text:
Q: Timestamp proto and other proto files are not found eventhough they exist in /usr/local/bin/include/google/protobuf I had this issue:
grpc_tools._protoc_compiler.ProtocErrors: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto:-1:0 error: File not found.
google/protobuf/any.proto:-1:0 error: File not found.
google/protobuf/field_mask.proto:-1:0 error: File not found.
google/protobuf/duration.proto:-1:0 error: File not found.

It is indeed here:
usr/local/bin/include/google/protobuf

I checked sudo which protoc, it gave me:
/usr/local/bin/protoc

I am using Ubuntu 20.04. Anyone has idea? Thanks a lot!

A: The directory should be:
/usr/local/include
not
/usr/local/bin/include

NOTE because protoc has a pretty rapid release velocity, I've always tended to just download it to project directories and path it from there... e.g. PATH=${PATH}:${PWD}/protoc-${VERS}-${ARCH}/bin.


text:
Putin visits Belarus as Ukraine warns of new offensive: live updates
President Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus, left, spoke with President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia at the airport in Minsk, Belarus Monday.Credit…Sergei Karpukhin/Sputnik, via Reuters
WARSAW — Amid mounting pressure from the Kremlin to increase support for Russia's war in Ukraine, President Aleksandr G. Lukashenko of Belarus on Monday hosted a rare visit by his Russian counterpart Vladimir V. Putin.
Mr. Lukashenko, Mr. Putin's closest ally is counting on Moscow for financial, fuel and security aid to sustain his 28-year grip on power. The two men have met at least six times since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February, using Belarus as a launch pad for its failed attack on the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv. But these meetings all took place outside of Belarus, with most taking place in Russia.
After months of hiding in the Kremlin and on his countryside retreat near Moscow to stay away from Russia's military and diplomatic backlash, Mr Putin has said in recent weeks he has attempted to project a more hands-on image. His trip to Minsk, the capital of Belarus, on Monday follows a visit to Kyrgyzstan last week and a visit to a Russian military command post at an undisclosed location on Friday.
Mr. Putin jumped down the steps of his plane in Minsk on Monday. Mr. Lukashenko was waiting there to greet him on the tarmac and Mr. Putin hugged him. It was Mr. Putin's first visit to Belarus since 2019, according to Russian news agency Tass.
As Russia faltered on the battlefield, Mr Lukashenko has allowed Moscow to use his territory to launch missiles and bombing raids on Ukraine, but has so far resisted pressure from the Kremlin to send in his own troops. In statements reported by the state-run Belta news agency, the Belarusian strongman insisted his meeting with Mr Putin on Monday would focus on economic matters, particularly the price of Russian natural gas, on which Belarus is heavily dependent.
But he acknowledged that "of course we will not" avoid military issues and "we will talk about the defense capability and security of our state".
The meeting follows repeated warnings from Ukraine in recent days that Russian forces could be preparing a new offensive from Belarus, either aimed at making another attempt to seize Kyiv, just about 55 miles from the Belarusian border , or cut off the flow of western arms into Ukraine from Poland.
However, many military experts believe that Russia's military has been so badly battered by the nearly 10-month war that launching a new offensive from Belarus with or without the participation of Belarusian troops is not a condition.
The Institute for the Study of War, a Washington-based research group, said in a report released on Friday that a new Russian push into Ukraine is unlikely because "there is still no evidence that Russian forces in Belarus are a force form".
Defense ministers of Russia and Belarus signed an unspecified deal earlier this month to strengthen military ties, and last week Belarus said it was reviewing its troops' combat readiness. The last time this happened just days before Russia invaded Ukraine from its territory.
But the frenzy of military activity in Belarus, including the arrival of thousands of Russian troops ostensibly for training purposes, may be part of an elaborate ruse aimed at forcing Ukraine to divert its troops northward from active fronts in the country's east and south . Konrad Muzyka, an independent defense analyst, said open-source intelligence suggests that Russia engaged between 10,000 and 15,000 troops in training activities in Belarus, although that's a fraction of the number they had when they launched the full-scale invasion started.
Nevertheless, Mr. Putin's meeting with Mr. Lukashenko, according to the Institute for the Study of War, "will step up the Russian intelligence operation aimed at convincing Ukrainians and Westerners that Russia could attack Ukraine from Belarus."
Whatever Russia's goals, concerns are growing in Ukraine. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy held a meeting with his defense and security chiefs on Sunday at which Belarus was "the main item on the agenda," his office said in a statement. Mykhailo Podolyak, a senior adviser to Mr Zelenskyy, told the New York Times on Sunday that Ukraine is preparing for the possibility that Russia will escalate the war through a winter offensive.
In an unusual public admission that he believes he is so committed to Moscow that he can only comply with his demands, Mr Lukashenko on Friday dismissed as untrue talk that "there is no longer any power in Belarus, that the Russians already have everything govern" and insists: "No one but us governs Belarus."
Markus Santora contributed reporting.
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text:
Squirrel Mountain Valley – jednostka osadnicza w Stanach Zjednoczonych, w stanie Kalifornia, w hrabstwie Kern.

CDP w stanie Kalifornia