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Q: Python-- webscraping for the content in "expand" button with beautifulsoup I am scraping a yellow page to get the name of all physiotherapists in a city. With the url I get the list of 50 physiotherapists, however, when I expand the page, the url does not change. How do I  get the full list of names?
This is how I get the list of physiotherapist in city of Rostock.
url = 'https://www.gelbeseiten.de/Suche/Physiotherapie%20praxis/Rostock'
req = requests.get(url, headers= header)
soup = BeautifulSoup(req.content, 'html.parser')

names = []

business_name = soup.find_all('h2', attrs ={"data-wipe-name":"Titel"})
for name in business_name:

    names.append(name.get_text())

At the buttom of the url there is a button called Mehr Anzeigen, basically saying "show more". If I click there, the number of entries for physiotherapists changes from 50-60. There are entries for 90 physiotherapists. When I click the button multiple times, showing all the entries, the button disappears. This lists all the physiotherapists in the city, I want to get this.
How do I get all the entries I get after clicking "show more"?

A: There's no need to use Selenium for this simple task. By using Chrome's developer tools, you can observe that the website uses a simple POST request to https://www.gelbeseiten.de/AjaxSuche when pressing the 'Mehr anzeigen' button containing the following data:
umkreis: -1
WAS: Physiotherapie praxis
WO: rostock
position: 51
anzahl: 10
sortierung: relevanz

The json response contains a html key containing all your search results. Additionally, there are gesamtanzahlTreffer and anzahlTreffer keys inside the response. Unfortunately, it's not possible to get all search results with a single POST request by setting position=0 and anzahl=100. However, the first POST request contains the first 50 results (similar to the website) and by each new POST request we can obtain the next 10 results.
Long story short, you can parse all the results like this:
def post_ajax_search(was: str, wo: str, pos: int):
    req = requests.post("https://www.gelbeseiten.de/AjaxSuche", data={
        'umkreis': -1, 'WAS': was, 'WO': wo, 'position': pos, 'sortierung': 'relevanz'})
    r = req.json()
    return [r[key] for key in ("gesamtanzahlTreffer", "html", "anzahlTreffer")]

def parse_html(html: str) -> list[str]:
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
    return [i.text for i in soup.find_all("h2", {"data-wipe-name": "Titel"})]

def parser(was: str, wo: str) -> list[str]:
    total_treffer, html, parsed_treffer = post_ajax_search(was, wo, 0)
    all_items = parse_html(html)
    i = 0
    while parsed_treffer < total_treffer:
        _, html, treffer = post_ajax_search(was, wo, 51 + i)
        all_items += parse_html(html)
        parsed_treffer += treffer
        i += 10
    return all_items

for praxis in (praxen := parser("Physiotherapie praxis", "rostock")):
    print(praxis)

Output:
Göllner Sabine Krankengymnastik & Physiotherapie
Friemel Physiotherapie Inh. B. Neumann Krankengymnastik & Physiotherapie
Nehrenberg Dorothee Physiotherapie
Physiotherapiezentrum Marcel Frank
Silke Thiede Physiotherapie
Physiotherapie Kollmorgen
Buller Olaf Physiotherapie
Gemeinschaftspraxis Physiotherapie Möller & Norden
Physiotherapie Annekathrin Hinz
Physiotherapie Hinz Annekathrin Praxis für Physiotherapie
Physiotherapie K. Schuldt
Physiotherapie Richter Ralf-Uwe Physiotherapie
Sport-Physio Rostock, Inh. Tschiersch, Daniel Physiotherapie
Klimt Dagmar Physiotherapie
MedPrevio
Pause Andrea Physiotherapiepraxis
Sörgel Steffen
Doremans Monika Physiotherapie
Doremans Monika Physiotherapie
Friemel B. Physiotherapie
Physiotherapie Vital Speicher Katja Oestreich
Jürß Katherina Physiotherapie
Pietralczyk Regina Physiotherapie
Stoll Sven Physiotherapie
Tübbecke Carola Physiotherapie
Physiotherapie Reiser u. Behrens
Physiotherapeutische Praxis Rose
Arndt K. Physiotherapie
Arndt K. Physiotherapie
Hieke Gunnar Praxis für Physiotherapie
PTB Physiopraxis
PTB Physiopraxis
Physiotherapie Rhea Brüdigam
Duske Sandra
Achsnig Marion Physiotherapie
Berthold Physiopraxis
Bohn Katharina Praxis für Physiotherapie
Erdmann L. Physiotherapie
Hennig Heidlinde Physiotherapie
Klatt Gabriele Physiotherapie
Physio- & Hydrotherapie Evelyn Ruß-Deuschle
Physiometik-Physiotherapie und Kosmetik
PhysioPlus Martin Berthold
Physiotherapie Elke Wegener
Physiotherapie Inh. Doreen Bastian
Therapiewelten Fromm Inh. Andrea Fromm Physiotherapie
Therapiewelten Fromm Inh. Andrea Fromm Physiotherapie
Therapiewelten Fromm Inh. Andrea Fromm Physiotherapie
vital & physio GmbH Portwich, Rene & Kristina
Neumann Andre Physiotherapie
Physiotherapie Heike Braun u.Gisela Wessel-Schutz
Physiotherapie Monika Laasch
Physiotherapiepraxis Briese Inke u. Engel Katrin
Schawaller, Mertens Physiotherapie
Ahrens Ch. Hoffmann B. Kautz K. Wiechert M. Physiotherapiepraxis
Lenz Andrea Praxis für Physiotherapie
PhysioKiDa
Physiotherapie Birgit Paul
Physiotherapie Hirsch U.
Maaß Ingrid Physiotherapie
Physiotherapie Birgit Vogt
Müller Holger Physiotherapie
Physiotherapie A. Fischer-Pifrement
Physiotherapie Schuberth Simone
Skupin Anne, Praxis für Physiotherapie und Kinderphysiotherapie
Stoll Sven Physiotherapie
Physiotherapiepraxis Lasch
Physiotherapie Leyer
Simon Petra Physiotherapie
Erdmann Petra Physiotherapeutische Praxis
Doremans-Harms Monika Physiotherapie
Holz-Gräfe Ulrike Physiotherapie
Kannenberg u. Swensson Praxisgemeinschaft für Physiotherapie
Keßler Dirk Physiotherapie
Physiotherapie Ahrens Ch., Hoffmann B., Kautz K. u. Wiechert M.
Physiotherapie Dorit Schumacher Praxis für Physiotherapie
Physiotherapie Höhnerbach
Physiotherapie Kerstin Wikert Physiotherapeutin
Physiotherapie Kollmorgen
Physiotherapie Neumann
Physiotherapie Physikalische Therapie Inh. Karin Hellmuth
Physiotherapiepraxis Angela Keller
Pöschmann Kathleen Menschen"s"kinder Physiotherapie
PTB Physiopraxis
Roberto Kollmorgen
Rothkirch Physiotherapie Ramona
Schmidt Josephine Praxis für Physiotherapie
Stoll Sven Physiotherapie
Strauß Arne
Thoms Christiane Physiotherapie

A: BeautifulSoup is an HTML parser.
If you need to click buttons on an HTML page, use a tool that utilizes a real browser, like selenium.
Incase if you don't wish to learn about Selenium, a hacky solution is to download the HTML after clicking the Mehr Anzeigen and then parse that using BeautifulSoup. Here's a paste of the HTML after all the 90 entries are displayed: https://pastebin.pl/view/raw/277d9ea1


What If I Said No?
I thought I was in a good place.
I had experienced God's abundant life in so many ways since I had received Jesus as my Lord and Savior in 2004. My husband and I served. We gave financially to NewSpring. We were part of a small group. But one thing still was missing: I wanted to have daily time with Jesus, but having a devoted and consistent quiet time was a struggle.
God knew what I needed. One Sunday, I heard him ask me to volunteer at the Gauntlet. I remember that day as if it was a photograph, freeze-framed in my mind. My response was an immediate "yes." And the obedience of that moment has permanently changed my life and my relationship with God and His word.
At the Gauntlet, I met a woman who radiated love for Christ and spoke about Him as if He were her best friend. I wanted that intimacy. We ended up on the same bus home together, and she suggested a Bible study that changed and shaped not only her, but an entire small group of other women.
After returning home, God led me to propose this study in MY group. He said "You are to go on this journey with me using this bible study that will require of you an intense quiet time 5 days a week for 10 weeks and you will lead it!"
Going from not having a regular quiet time to leading others was quite a stretch, but usually our next steps are! The Lord never let up on increasing my faith. The study changed my heart and others in the group. Every woman gained trust to just believe God - for who He is, what He can do, who we are and what we can do in Christ! The impact was so profound and life altering, it even affected our husbands.
One woman, who would never have stepped out and led a home group committed to lead one with her husband. Two other women, whose husbands were considering work moves to other cities, were suddenly more open to change where once they had been terrified.
Far more than that, I can go to the Bible myself now and the Lord speaks to me! I had never before been aware of God's voice or guidance personally in His word. Had it not been for that Bible study, I also never would have been confident enough to write my own Bible study and devotional materials for our church's Discipleship team.
I now desire time with just me and Jesus each day. I hunger to know Him more and have a heart like His. And I am pursuing his will for my life through a role in full-time ministry. I also returned to serve at the Gauntlet two consecutive years to help others experience that transforming energy.
What if I had hesitated, or even worse said no that day to His call to volunteer at the Gauntlet? What if I had never gone on the trip, never met my friend, and never accepted the challenge of doing the study? So many blessings and so much growth may never have been experienced by not just me but others.
Through acts of obedience and stepping out on faith, we position ourselves to see God's faithfulness in a special way! It is always worth serving Him through obedience. Always.


I came to the New Braunfels area around 10 years ago as a High School teacher and a coach. After 34 years of working in the world of education I decided to retire. I immediately turned to my second love, real estate! I found that it was a natural transition from working with students and parents to helping families find the house or property of their dreams.
I am a full time agent who thoroughly enjoys the challenge of the hunt for that perfect home for you and your family. I would take great pride in having the opportunity to help find yours!
I work primarily with residential buyers and sellers in the NB area, as well as those families looking for a special place to lease. Whatever your housing needs please don't hesitate to call me!


For 55 years, the Polynesian Cultural Center has offered its guests an experience of cultures from across the Pacific Islands. Originally prophesied by President David O. McKay that thousands would come to Laie, it has also provided employment opportunities for students and since its beginning has become a fixture in the community of Laie.
PCC President Alfred Grace was interviewed and asked how the center had changed the community of Laie for the better.
What do the next 55 years hold in store?
Does the PCC have greater importance today than in the past?
Delsa Moe, the director of cultural presentations at the PCC, reflected on some of her favorite memories of the center.
"There are just too many to count. I think so many miracles have happened. They show how the Lord watches over this place. When we had the opening of the Tongan village, the weather was suspect that week. The entire grand opening was being held outdoors, and we just couldn't afford to have it rain. We had the King and Queen of Tonga coming.
Grace added, "One of the greatest blessings is to recognize the love that Heavenly Father has for this part of his vineyard.
Reni Brulton, a freshman employee from New Zealand majoring in marketing, said the PCC had changed her in just two months of working there.
When asked what the next 55 years would bring, she responded, "Ideally, PCC will continue to bless the lives of those who visit and work here. I can tell I am part of a very long legacy that will only grow greater. Since the gospel is why the PCC exists, I feel we all have a divine mission in serving here.


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Home | Inside Cover
Tags: ron | paul | $20 | million
Ron Paul Raises Record $20 Million
Tuesday, 01 January 2008 09:08 PM
Texas Congressman Ron Paul's presidential campaign had a record fundraising quarter, exceeding its original goal of $12 million by over 50 percent when it raised nearly $20 million during the months of October, November and December.
"Only Dr. Paul has the ability to inspire Americans to contribute and take action that is necessary if Republicans want to defeat the Democrats in November," said campaign chairman Kent Snyder.
In two 24-hour periods on November 5 and December 16, the campaign raised over $10 million dollars. The total of over $19.5 million represents an increase of nearly 300 percent from its third quarter total of $5.28 million.
For the quarter, the campaign had over 130,000 donors, including over 107,000 new donors. The total was reached with an average donation size that was just under $90.
Of the other Republican candidates, only Mike Huckabee - who reported $5.04 million this quarter - discloses his fundraising total online. However, Paul's total is over $9 million more than any Republican candidate raised in the third quarter.
Paul has caught fire on the Internet, attracting a national following among donors drawn to his opposition to U.S. troops in Iraq and his libertarian views.
By comparison, Democratic presidential hopefuls Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton raised more than $100 million for their campaigns in 2007, setting a historic new threshold in fundraising.
Sources familiar with the financial operations of both candidates said they surpassed the $100 million mark in 2007 -- the first time two candidates have raised the amount before the nation's first primary, The Washington Post reported Tuesday.
"It's unprecedented," Michael S. Berman, organizer of former Vice President Walter Mondale's 1984 presidential bid, told UPI. "What we did, it's not even relevant anymore. The amounts just keep growing. I don't know if there is an upper limit."
However, neither candidate quite reached President Bush's record for fundraising in a non-election year -- he raised $131.8 million in 2003.
InsideCover
Texas Congressman Ron Paul's presidential campaign had a record fundraising quarter, exceeding its original goal of $12 million by over 50 percent when it raised nearly $20 million during the months of October, November and December."Only Dr. Paul has the ability to inspire...
ron,paul,$20,million

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Wotofo Serpent Mini RTA follows on from the full sized Serpent and Conqueror RTA's, both excellent atomizers that perform well above their weight and price. For those looking for an RTA that focused on flavour with simple yet effective build options and plenty of airflow, the Wotofo series of RTA have been some of the best of 2016.
The original Serpent was quite a tall tank and while it vapes excellently, the build deck proved tricky for some. The Wotofo Serpent Mini RTA drops capacity to 3ml which in turn decreases the height which enables some very compact setups especially with mods such as the Eleaf Pico. They have improved the 2 post, single coil build deck to enable coils to be dropped into the slotted posts. Top filling and the ability to access the deck while the tank is full, rounds out the features of another awesome tank from Wotofo.


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Penguin wins British Brand of the Year at Walpole British excellence awards 2005
London - At the Banqueting House, Whitehall last night, Penguin triumphed at the annual Walpole British Excellence Awards, winning in the British Brand of the Year category, sponsored by Mastercard.
The evening honoured seven major British names, including the Financial Times for British Excellence Overseas, the Clore Duffield Foundation for British Cultural Excellence and the England Cricket Team for British Sporting Excellence. Additionally Medals of Excellence were presented to Lord Coe, for spearheading London's successful Olympic bid, and Stephen Fry , who hosted this year's awards.
In the British Brand of the Year category, Penguin was shortlisted alongside Duchy Originals, Freeplay Energy, Green & Black's and Mulberry. The group was judged by Wally Olins from Saffron Brand Consultants and Nick Hurrell from M & C Saatchi. Previous winners include: Burberry (2001), Jaguar Cars (2002), Land Rover (2003) and Triumph Motorcycles (2004).
Penguin Marketing and Publicity Director, Joanna Prior, accepted the silver Asprey-crafted award on behalf of Penguin, commenting "Penguin is delighted to have won this prize, particularly given the quality and reach of the other brands on the shortlist. Seventy years after Allen Lane brought great books, beautifully packaged to the largest possible audience, it is wonderful to see his legacy honoured by Walpole in 2005."
Claire O'Neill on (020) 7010 3257 or email claire.o'neill@uk.penguingroup.com


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Bright Spots of 2020: My Favorite Things This Year at Harvard Library
By Anna Burgess December 17, 2020
It's been quite a year – and not, generally, in the positive sense of that phrase. But we at Harvard Library have been lucky in many ways. Working for a library keeps us connected to institutional, national, and global history, which often provides much-needed perspective on the present. And working for an academic library keeps us connected to an inspiring community – of teachers, students, researchers, and staff – both within and outside Harvard.
This year I've learned a few of Harvard's lesser-known histories; had some especially meaningful exchanges with our users; and discovered fascinating, strange, and funny items in our collections.
So, as we approach the darkest day of what has been a pretty dark year, here are some of Harvard Library's bright spots of 2020.
Vellucci's Vendetta
While researching some of the iconic buildings on Harvard's campus for a 'Then and Now' photo series, I discovered a vehement loathing of the Harvard Lampoon 'Castle' by former Cambridge mayor Alfred Vellucci. The photo series includes a line about Vellucci's hatred of the building, but his (hilarious) vendetta deserves a story of its own – which it actually got, in a 1963 Crimson article.
According to the Crimson, members of Harvard's humor society the Lampoon proposed at a city council meeting on February 12, 1963, that the square where the building sits be named 'Lampoon Square.' In response, Vellucci pulled no punches. Not only did he call the "mock Flemish"-style building "the ugliest building in the world," he suggested the city seize the building by eminent domain and turn it into a public restroom. Luckily for generations of Lampooners, his proposal never got much traction!
Restart with Heart
We received an outpouring of gratitude and affection from our Instagram followers in mid-July, when we shared photos of the book processing backlog that awaited our Access Services staff members.
With new safety protocols in place, our staff was very excited to return to our libraries and restart user access to physical collections – but they were also somewhat overwhelmed by more than 10,000 returned items that needed to be processed.
They captured these photos which, between our Harvard Library social accounts and Harvard's flagship social accounts, received dozens of encouraging comments. Reading through the messages and sharing them with colleagues was definitely a highlight of the year.
A Class Day Speaker in a Class of His Own
Ahead of Juneteenth this year, I found this photo in the Harvard University Archives of student Clement Garnett Morgan, Harvard's 1890 class day speaker. His name was unfamiliar to me, so I started doing some background research and discovered that Morgan was a pretty extraordinary person.
He was born into slavery in Virginia but grew up to earn both an undergraduate and law degree from Harvard. He was Harvard's first African American class day speaker, and later became the first Black alderman not just in Cambridge but in New England. Morgan was also involved with the civil rights movement in more ways than one – as a student, he gave public speeches about the need for equality of opportunity and Black pride, while as an attorney he took on many civil rights cases and even led the Boston branch of the NAACP. I probably took a two-hour detour finding and reading information on him – time well-spent!
Safe Space in the Stacks
If I ever needed a reminder of why social media is social, I got one in June via a Twitter exchange with Harvard alum and writer Meredith Talusan.
An excerpt from Talusan's new book shared by O: The Oprah Magazine included a lovely description of the Widener Library stacks – plus Talusan's admission that, as a self-described 'queer immigrant,' she has always found Widener to be the place on Harvard's campus where she feels most safe.
It was gratifying to see one of our library spaces described this way, especially by someone in a marginalized community. I couldn't resist sharing my reaction and, seeing Talusan's excited response, was so glad I did.
Good, Bad, and Weird Political Buttons
Ahead of the presidential primaries back in March, I was looking to promote the Political Buttons Collection at HKS Library and began looking through hundreds of digitized buttons.
The sheer number of candidates and causes represented was impressive, and, knowing little or nothing about some of the candidates, I found myself appreciating the slogans and designs on their own merit. There were the puns (Make America McGovernable), and the nicknames (I Like Ike, I'm With the Duke).
Then there were the ones whose strategies were truly incomprehensible, like this one: Think About George Bush. This will probably always be my favorite political button, if only because it seems to fail completely in its goal – is it for or against George Bush? It's a mystery I hope I never solve.
Ali? Whee!
The anniversary of Muhammad Ali winning his third heavyweight title sent me searching for photos of Ali in our archives. Not only did I find this Radcliffe archival photo of Ali at Harvard in 1975, I learned his Harvard visit resulted in one of the athlete's most memorable speeches, given to graduating students on Commencement Weekend.
Ali gave the Harvard students some pearls of wisdom in his address, like, "Man desires to understand that which he cannot understand," and, "The greatness of a man depends on his heart, not on his education or wealth." He discussed civil rights and racism in America. But he also had fun, joking around with his student audience and demonstrating the 'Ali shuffle.' Arguably the best part is his invention of the world's shortest poem, about what it's like to be as great as he is: "Me? Whee!" I highly recommend watching as much of the address as you can find online.


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About TAG
The Advocate's Gateway Toolkits
These toolkits provide advocates with general good practice guidance when preparing for trial in cases involving a witness or a defendant with communication needs.
Information about specific communication abilities and needs should always be sought from the individual witness or defendant, or their family/ support worker/ teachers etc.
Using the Toolkits
Each toolkit contains the following statement "Questioning that contravenes principles for obtaining accurate information from a witness by exploiting his or her developmental limitations is not conducive to a fair trial and would contravene the Codes of Conduct".
The toolkits also provide:
links to source material
trial transcript questions, with suggestions about how they might be improved
highlighted examples of good practice and poor practice, and
lists of references, contributors and reviewers
Please note that if you intend to use The Advocate's Gateway materials or toolkits in order to assist with communication needs, for anything other than personal, non-commercial use, you must obtain permission in advance from The Advocate's Gateway.
Word Doc versions of the toolkits are available upon request.
Should you wish to access our archived Toolkits for educational or research purposes, please click here.
Toolkit 1: Ground Rules Hearings
Ground rules hearings and the fair treatment of vulnerable people in court
The toolkit contains information about ground rules hearings ('GRHs') in the criminal courts and is primarily intended for use by advocates as well as solicitors, police officers, social workers and judges. This toolkit is written with criminal proceedings in England and Wales in mind, however, the ground rules approach is also being applied in other parts of the justice system, for instance, the family courts, the employment tribunals and the Court of Protection.
To access the Toolkit, please click here or on the image.
To support Toolkit 1, please also see the Ground Rules Hearings Checklist.
Toolkit 1a: Case Management in Criminal Cases
Case management in criminal cases when a witness or a defendant is vulnerable
This toolkit has been designed to assist with case management when a witness or defendant is vulnerable. The layout of the toolkit is designed to reflect the normal stages of the pre-trial and trial process.
To support Toolkit 1a, please also see the Essential Questions Checklist.
Toolkit 2: General Principles from Research, Policy, and Guidance
General principles from research, policy and guidance: planning to question a vulnerable person or someone with communication needs
This toolkit contains general information about questioning a vulnerable person or somebody with communication needs and is primarily intended for use by advocates and judges, as well as police officers, social workers, solicitors and guardians. For more detailed guidance, please refer to the toolkit most appropriate for the person being questioned.
Toolkit 3: Planning to Question Someone with Autism
Planning to question someone with an autism spectrum disorder including Asperger syndrome
This toolkit aims to provide a practical guide for advocates about questioning either a witness or a defendant with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth 'autism'). The toolkit brings together policy, research and guidance relating to definitions of autism, how autism can affect communication, and what should be done to facilitate someone with autism's effective participation in the court process.
Toolkit 4: Planning to Question Someone with a Learning Disability
Planning to question someone with a learning disability
This toolkit brings together policy, research and guidance relating to definitions and characteristics of learning disability and how learning disability can affect communication. The guidance in this toolkit is not intended to be a replacement for a communication assessment that would provide advice specific to the individual person. An intermediary can help highlight an individual's communication needs.
For further guidance on the work of intermediaries, please refer to Toolkit 16 - Intermediaries: step by step.
Toolkit 5: Planning to Question Someone with 'Hidden Disabilities'
Planning to question someone with 'hidden' disabilities: specific language impairment, dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia and AD(H)D
This toolkit has been developed to assist in cases where specialised assistance is required. The court process is generally well-equipped to deal with the needs of witnesses with common difficulties. The responsibility for the conduct of a fair trial lies with the court and counsel. More specialised assistance may be required in the case of a witness who has a significant specific language difficulty of which there should be 'evidence' of a diagnosis, e.g. in the form of a recent educational psychologist's report, or statement of special educational needs.
Toolkit 6: Planning to Question a Child or Young Person
Planning to question a child or young person
This toolkit addresses the approach that should be taken when preparing to question a child or young person. Advocates must tailor their approach to the individual child and be flexible because no two children have the same profile of communication strengths and weaknesses. Advocates must adapt to the witness, not the other way round. Obtaining a full picture of the child's communication capabilities is essential and an intermediary can help with this by requesting information, e.g: about the child's education; whether he or she has additional support at home, school, college and so on.
Toolkit 7: Additional Factors Concerning Children under Seven
Additional factors concerning children under seven (or functioning at a very young age)
This toolkit considers the additional factors relevant to questioning a child under the age of seven. Children as young as three can be very competent communicators and can give accurate and reliable evidence if properly questioned. The child's communicative competence is very dependent on the competence of the questioner to adapt their communication in line with the child's needs. Very young children do not organise events in their minds in the same way as adults. They often leave out settings, descriptions, chronology and emotions in the telling of a past event. They can be particularly suggestible. However, when expectations are clear and questioning is modified appropriately, children as young as two can recall and report past experience accurately.
Toolkit 8: Effective Participation of Young Defendants
Effective participation of young defendants
This toolkit considers how an advocate may ensure the effective participation of young defendants. All children (those under 18) require special consideration by virtue of their age and developmental immaturity. Teenagers are at particular risk of miscommunication because of their reluctance to ask for clarification and adults' expectation of their ability to understand. Particular care is needed where a young person has mental health problems, learning or other disabilities or speech and language difficulties. These issues are not always identifiable at an early stage.
Toolkit 9: Planning to Question Someone using a Remote Link
Planning to question someone using a remote link
This toolkit seeks to advise on the appropriate planning needed to question someone using a remote link. When a person who is vulnerable is to give evidence, consideration should be given to the use of live link including a 'remote' live link. In preparation for trial, the court must take 'every reasonable step' to facilitate the attendance and participation of witnesses and defendants. One such step is to identify at the earliest opportunity those whose evidence would be best given via a remote link from a different court centre, police station, video-conferencing facility or any other suitable location.
Toolkit 10: Identifying Vulnerability in Witnesses
Identifying vulnerability in witnesses and parties and making adjustments
This toolkit brings together policy, research and guidance relating to the general principles and examples of adjustments for vulnerability, early identification of vulnerability, advocates' duties and responsibilities, obtaining expert advice, and special measures, liaison and diversion and other examples of good practice in criminal cases.
The toolkit contains information about vulnerable witnesses and parties. It is primarily intended for use by lawyers, witness supporters, judges, magistrates and police.
Toolkit 11: Planning to Question Someone who is Deaf
Planning to question someone who is deaf
This toolkit addresses the approach that should be taken when planning to question someone who is deaf. Deaf people are as diverse as the wider community – 'hearing' people and no two people who are deaf will have exactly the same profile of strengths and needs.
This toolkit contains general guidance and is not a replacement for assessment by an appropriate expert, for example, a psychologist and/or Deaf Registered Intermediary (Deaf RI) who will provide advice specific to the individual. Assessment should be considered in order to advise the court of a deaf person's communication needs and any adaptation to process which is required. The guidance pertains to both deaf adults and children, with even greater care needed in the case of deaf children, where specialist expertise in this field is essential.
Toolkit 12: General Principles when Questioning Witnesses and Defendants with Mental Disorder
General principles when questioning witnesses and defendants with mental disorder
This toolkit is currently under review, a revised version will be published in due course.
Toolkit 13: Vulnerable Witnesses in the Family Courts
Vulnerable witnesses and parties in the family courts
The toolkit contains information about vulnerable witnesses in the family and is primarily intended for use by advocates as well as solicitors, social workers, guardians, the Children and Family Court Advisory Service (CAFCASS) officers and judges. Advocates should be alert to risk factors which may indicate that a witness or party in family proceedings is vulnerable and, where necessary, expert advice should be sought. General risk factors which suggest a witness is vulnerable are outlined in Toolkit 10 - Identifying vulnerability in witnesses and defendants. However, this toolkit deals with the specific issues relating to vulnerable witnesses and parties in family proceedings involving children and aims to provide general guidance for family lawyers and advocates for use in family cases.
Toolkit 14: Using Communication Aids
Using communication aids in the criminal justice system
The toolkit contains information about aids to communication within the justice process, and is primarily intended for use by advocates as well as police officers, social workers, solicitors, guardians and judges. This toolkit aims to ensure that advocates are familiar with a range of communication aids. It is not suggested that advocates should devise communication aids of the sort described in this toolkit. This toolkit summarises communication aids: definition, function, cautions and safeguards, types of communication aids and how they can be used, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), and people who may require communication aids.
Toolkit 15: Witnesses and defendants with autism
Witnesses and defendants with autism: memory and sensory issues
This toolkit considers the principles relating to persons with autism, memory and sensory issues. Advocates must treat every person with autism as unique. Memory and sensory differences may be marked, mild or, at times, they may not even be apparent. It is important that expert evidence is available to the advocates and court about the individual and how their condition affects them. At a ground rules hearing, the judge and advocates should discuss whether the jury will be assisted by an explanation about the defendant's condition so as to avoid potential misinterpretation of his or her behaviour in court or behaviour relating to the offences charged
Toolkit 16: Intermediaries: Step by Step
Intermediaries: step by step
The toolkit contains information about intermediaries in criminal cases in England and Wales and is primarily intended for use by advocates as well as judges, solicitors, police officers, dock officers, expert witnesses and social workers. Courts must take every reasonable step to encourage and to facilitate the attendance of witnesses and to facilitate the participation of any person including the defendant. This facilitation includes giving directions for the appropriate treatment and questioning of a witness or defendant especially where there is an intermediary
Toolkit 17: Vulnerable Witnesses in the Civil Courts
Vulnerable witnesses and parties in the civil courts
This toolkit provides a general guide for many differing types of legal processes and is designed to focus attention on vulnerability at all stages of case preparation, including where a case is settled, as well as at court. Civil litigation can cover a wide range of civil and commercial disputes, immigration, employment, housing, public law and so on. It may also be a useful guide for formal inquiries, such as the Goddard Inquiry into institutional responses to child sexual abuse.
Toolkit 18: Working with traumatised witnesses, defendants and parties
Toolkit 19: Supporting Participation in Courts and Tribunals
Supporting Participation in Courts and Tribunals
This toolkit draws on the findings of research conducted by the authors which involved 159 interviews with judges, lawyers, court staff and other practitioners and over 300 hours' observational research conducted in in the criminal courts (both Crown and magistrates'), Family Court, Employment Tribunal and First-tier Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber).
Archived Toolkits
The toolkits contained within this area no longer can or should be relied upon as indicative of best practice for dealing with the vulnerabilities listed. Some of these toolkits have been 'retired' from the website because the subject of the toolkit has been deemed too complex or such that there are too many divided views as to the appropriate approach to take. Others contained here are in the process of being revised and newer versions being added to TAG's current and constantly evolving list of toolkits. However, these toolkits are being provided as a historical record and evidence of what was previously proffered as guidance in relation to certain vulnerabilities.
Please click on the relevant Toolkit to access the archived materials.
Toolkit 1a: Case management in criminal cases when a witness or a defendant is vulnerable (10 April 2017)
CHECKLIST: Essential questions on Toolkit 1a (10 April 2017)
Toolkit 1: Ground rules hearings and the fair treatment of vulnerable people in court (1 December 2016)
Ground rules hearing checklist (1 December 2016)
Toolkit 2: General principles from research, policy and guidance: planning to question a vulnerable person or someone with communication needs (30 November 2015)
Toolkit 3: Planning to question someone with an autism spectrum disorder including Asperger syndrome (1 December 2016)
Toolkit 4: Planning to question someone with a learning disability (30 November 2015)
Toolkit 5: Planning to question someone with 'hidden' disabilities: specific language impairment, dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia and AD(H)D (15 December 2015)
Toolkit 6: Planning to question a child or young person (15 December 2015)
Toolkit 7: Additional factors concerning children under seven (or functioning at a very young age) (15 December 2015)
Toolkit 8: Effective participation of young defendants (20 March 2017)
Toolkit 9: Planning to question someone using a remote link (20 March 2017)
Toolkit 10: Identifying vulnerability in witnesses and parties and making adjustments (20 March 2017)
Toolkit 11: Planning to question someone who is deaf (9 December 2016)
Toolkit 12: General principles when questioning witnesses and defendants with mental disorder (10 July 2014)
Toolkit 13: Vulnerable witnesses and parties in the family courts (8 November 2014)
Toolkit 14: Using communication aids in the criminal justice system (27 February 2015)
Toolkit 15: Witnesses and defendants with autism: memory and sensory issues (27 February 2015)
Toolkit 16: Intermediaries: step by step (10 April 2017)
Toolkit 17: Vulnerable witnesses and parties in the civil courts (31 July 2015)
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TAG TOOLKITS
The Toolkits are copyrighted materials.
Please refer to the terms of use.
Ground Rules Hearings Checklist
Essential Questions Checklist
Material on this website is for educational purposes only, nothing on this site should be construed as legal advice.
© 2012-2021 - The Advocate's Gateway


This is Makayla Spencer's first year on The Jacket Journal. She is very thrilled to be a part of The Jacket Journal. She enjoys watching scary movies, and sometimes she writes creative stories for fun. She loves watching TV shows that have to do with solving murders. Makayla wants to go to college to be a Crime Scene Investigator (CSI) or a Forensic Nurse because it seems very interesting. She likes to spend her spare time either hanging out with her friends and/or family or "chillin" on her phone.


text:
Project managing a 400,000 tonne puzzle to help find a carbon-free future
Deep in the French countryside, 800 miles from where the world's leaders are gathering to broker a deal on climate change, an experiment called ITER is trying to point the way to a non-carbon future for the world. It is becoming an example of how rigorous project management can deliver real improvements in a complex situation of global importance.
The leaders of the world have gathered in Le Bourget to seek a legally binding global agreement on climate, the first such agreement in some 18 years of negotiation. Specifically the intention is seek agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to limit the global temperature increase to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.
The hope is that COP21 – yes, the 21st meeting – does not end up with a burst of worthy speeches, the flourishing of promises, and then the gritty reality that people – the population of the USA in particular - won't vote for the pain that may come from carbon restraint.
So it's seductive to think of a solution to the world's energy problems that might change the climate game totally. That solution is nuclear fusion.
Lord Rutherford said wryly "All science is either physics or stamp collecting" and when you look at fusion you can understand why he said it, even in jest. The potential is mindboggling, the engineering colossal in scale and difficulty, and the physics supremely challenging. Getting fusion to the point where we can derive electricity from it requires a long term game and significant amounts of money to be spent on a well-informed hunch.
Fusion has a history of excitement and expectation. Back in 1958, Prime Minister Harold Macmillan was asked by the New Zealand Prime Minister how Project ZETA, an exploration of fusion, worked. The British High Commissioner recalled: "'Well', said Mr McMillan, looking vaguely about him, 'You just take sea water and turn it into power'". He paused for effect before adding: "We are pretty good at sea water".
Macmillan was as right as a soundbite could be. The fuel for fusion comprises isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) which can be produced from lithium in our oceans. A few tons of lithium would power a 1 gigawatt fusion power station for a year. The oceans have vast reserves of lithium, so there is literally no fuel problem. The potential safety problems are negligible compared to fission reactors.
More than 200 tokamaks – the engines of fusion – have been built to try sequentially to demonstrate that fusion can be produced, that it is scientifically robust and that it will ultimately be commercially practicable. Colossal technical difficulties arise from the need to produce very high temperatures and from the difficulty in extracting heat from the magnetically confined plasma in the tokamak so that turbines can be driven for power.
A consortium of nations—China, the 28 states of the European Union plus Switzerland, India, Japan, Korea, Russia and the United States— came together to build ITER, in an expensive and long term gamble to get fusion to the point where power plants could then be designed to use it for commercial use.
ITER will be the world's largest tokamak, ten times larger than any other such machine operating today. Construction is underway in Saint-Paul-ls-Durance, France. It will be one of the most significant engineering and scientific projects this century. The tokamak alone will weigh 28,000 tonnes and it will sit within a structure weighing 400,000 tonnes.
At this stage, ITER is not expected to deliver more energy than it consumes until the 2030s and it will cost something in the order of 15-20 billion euros. The consortium behind ITER has held the article of faith that the physics and technologies built into ITER – Latin for journey – will lead the world to an astonishing benefit. But the project has been chewing its way through 200 million euros for every year that the timescale has slipped - and nobody can be totally sure that it will generate sufficient heat and then demonstrate the crucial "fusion burn" that will mark a leap forward towards some form of commercial application.
Meanwhile the Chinese are developing in parallel their own version which may catch ITER up, thanks to the vast resources which China can bring to bear.
France's chief nuclear official, Bernard Bigot, took over as Director-General this year, with a conviction that stronger project management was needed at ITER.
At its meeting on 18-19 November 2015, the ITER Council recognised the work which the Director-General had already done to "improve the project culture" and noted that "project teams have been created in areas of critical importance". An in-depth review had led to "much improved understanding of the scope, sequencing, risks and costs of the ITER project."
There's still a long way to go, and benefits realisation is still somewhat a matter of trust owing to the fragility of the physics. But, as you watch the leaders of the world promising change at COP21, spare a thought for the engineers who are piecing together a 400,000 tonne puzzle in the French countryside.
The project management community can watch, wait and learn from this extraordinary mission. ITER is becoming an example of how rigorous project management can deliver real improvements in a complex situation of global importance.
Julian Smith is Head of External Affairs at the Association for Project Management, the professional body for project managers. He writes here in a personal capacity and is not expressing a view on behalf of the Association. Follow him on Twitter @apm_xa.
Written byJulian Smith
Julian Smith was head of external affairs at APM.
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Ready, aim, fire! We know it's hard to believe, but we are only days away from this week's 11th Annual Pride Shoot, happening once again at Milford Hills Hunt Club in Johnson Creek.
Our sporting clays fundraiser is our most popular event that takes place on the second weekend in June. Both Lions and non-Lions come together to enjoy a day on the course in the beautiful rolling hills of Southern Wisconsin to support Lions Pride.
The day consists of an early breakfast followed by a challenging 22-round course with games and door prizes. After shooters have finished the course, they celebrate with beer, auction and delicious supper. The Pride Shoot is one of the most, unique and successful fundraisers that takes place for our organization.
Although we still have a lot of work ahead of us, we are eagerly anticipating Saturday's arrival. We are always reminded of Dewey's spirit, but it's even more present this time of year as he so looked forward to the annual shoot. We feel we have a personal responsibility to make the upcoming event even more rewarding than the last.
We'd like to thank all of our donors, sponsors and volunteers for all of your support – both leading up to, during and after the shoot. We know firsthand that it takes a village to create and implement a successful event, and the Pride Shoot would not be what it is without all of your help.
The world seems a little gloomier this week, as we have all lost a very great man. Our Chairman and CEO Dewey Carl passed away last Tuesday, and our board continues to mourn. We thought there would be no better way to honor him than with a post to celebrate his life dedicated to helping others.
Throughout his lifetime, Dewey held many roles – teacher, coach, businessman and philanthropist. He was committed to being an active community member. In 1974, Dewey joined the Manawa Lions Club and from that time on, dedicated his time and talents to the Lions Organization. He held numerous positions at the local, state and international levels. He became the Wisconsin Lions Foundation President in 1986 and served until 1987, and was District Governor from 1990 until 1991.
During that time, he was a need not being met and worked tirelessly to fulfill his dream of preserving, protecting and providing for the future with all WLF projects, including the Wisconsin Lions Camp.
Through Dewey's efforts, the Lions Pride Campaign received private funding arrangements. Work toward the campaign began in 2003 and in May 2005, the Lions of Wisconsin voted to approve the campaign. The campaign was introduced in 2006. In mid-2011, the WLF Board of Directors voted to establish two separate 501(c)(3) corporations, and the Lions Pride Endowment Fund was born.
In addition to his dedication to the Lions Organization, he served and worked with several other organizations including the city of Manawa, St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Northern Lakes Winnebago Private Industry Council Advisory Board of the W-2 program of Waupaca County, Fox Valley Workforce Development Board, Waupaca County Industries Advisory Board, Waupaca County Crime Stoppers Committee, Riverside Hospital Foundation Board, Riverside Hospital Foundation Board, New London Family Medical Foundation Board, Manawa School District Development Board, and The Little Wolf Trail Organization. In 2011, he was honored with the Outstanding Philanthropist Award from the Association of Fundraising Professionals of Northeast Wisconsin.
We honestly would not know where we would be today without the conviction of Dewey Carl. He showed us that there is nothing more important in life than working to improve the lives of others. His voice and spirit will live on to continue to inspire the success of our organization.
Thank you, Dewey, for your enthusiasm, dedication and commitment; you truly made the world a better place and will be deeply missed.
Dewey's family has designated Lions Pride Endowment Fund of Wisconsin for memorial contributions. To read his full obituary, please follow this link.
It's an employer's favorite day – Boss's Day! Many employees dedicate the day celebrating their supervisors by giving them all sorts of goodies including cards, gift certificates and flowers.
Surprisingly, the holiday is still rather new. Patricia Haroski, an employee of State Farm Insurance Company in Deerfield, Illinois, first introduced the idea in 1958. By registering the holiday with the United States Chamber of Commerce, she hoped to improve the relationship between supervisors and employees. For years later in 1962, Otto Kerner, Governor of Illinois, backed the idea and proclaimed the day a US holiday.
In honor of Boss's Day, we'd like to recognize our boss, Dewey Carl, with a blog dedicated specifically to him. Dewey is a former president of the Wisconsin Lions Foundation and past Council Chair of the Wisconsin Lions Councils of Governors. The Lions Pride Endowment Fund was started because along with the WLF and Long Range Planning Committee he saw a need.
Day after day, he works tirelessly to preserve, protect and provide significant financial support for the future of all WLF projects. Read more about the Lions Pride Story.
We'd like to wish a 'Happy Boss's Day' to Dewey and all of the other great bosses out there! We appreciate all that you do.
Welcome back! We hope you all had a great holiday weekend and your four day workweek is going smoothly.
Our workweek may be shorter, but is not any less busy! On Saturday, we will be participating in the Council of Governors and WLF Directors Training at Lions Camp.
During the training, our very own President, Dewey and Executive Director, Geri will be presenting. Their presentation titled, "Piece of the Puzzle" will talk about the history, future and importance of the Lions Pride Endowment Fund and how it supports the projects of the Wisconsin Lions Foundation today and in the future.
We are one piece of a very large puzzle that cannot be completed without each and every part. We play the piece of the future. Through the help of our generous donors, we are able to preserve, protect and provide financial support to the Wisconsin Lions Foundation. Our sole purpose is to support the Wisconsin Lions Camp and all WLF projects.
We love what we do and are so proud to be a part of such a large puzzle with a great mission. Check out our Facebook Page too!
It's everyone's favorite day of the year, (well, most of us still enjoy our birthdays!) A day when we can think back on the year we just completed and daydream about what the next year holds. A day when strangers will wish you well and it's easy to find a restaurant that will give you a dessert for free. It's a day when we can all feel truly special.
We have an extra special birthday happening at our office tomorrow. Our Chairman Dewey Carl will be celebrating his day of birth.
In honor of this day, we thought it would be fun to compile a list of birthday facts that we can all appreciate, even if it's not our special day!
Out of every 23 people, there is a 50/50 chance that two will share the same birthday.
August is the most popular birthday month. About 9 percent of the world's population is born in the eighth month of the year.
Birthday cards make up nearly 58 percent of all cards purchased in the United States.
The world's largest birthday cake was made in 1989 to celebrate the 100th birthday of Fort Payne, Indiana. The cake weighed over 128,000 pounds.
You can find out what special events happened on your birthday by visiting http://www.mybirthdayfacts.com.
We know that it can be sometimes difficult to find the perfect present for a loved one. Instead of the typical birthday card or flowers, give them something that will really make an impact. Make a donation in honor of the birthday boy or girl to Lions Pride. They will know that your gift truly came from the heart and you will know that your gift helps preserve, protect and support the continuation of all WLF projects. Now that's a birthday gift we can all agree on.
Happy birthday, Chairman Dewey Carl!


I have long said that before I die I want to see something similar to the Book of Acts take place once again. I am a lot closer to that "transition" to heaven than when I first started saying this:) and it is my hope and prayer that we are much closer to experiencing the glory of God and the power of His Spirit at work in our generation.
I just want to see a lot of lost people come to Jesus- Acts size numbers!
I want to watch bold believers sharing their faith without hesitation-Acts style!
This has been burning in my soul since last fall. And this summer by faith I left my secure job at NAMB and launched out to birth ifresh!- a coaching and consulting momentum focused resource for both pastors personally and for churches passionately.
I am giving the next decade of my life to the local church-any size-any shape-every style. I have rode the waves of incredible, Kingdom size growth as a pastor and the tsunamis of turmoil that come when congregations get off track.
I love pastors. I still believe in the church. I don't think we are winding down to a catastrophe. I believe we are gearing up for the last mighty move of the Lord before Christ returns, whether that is this year or in 100 years. But I have hope and trust that Jesus wants His bride growing, going and becoming greater in Kingdom impact before the Father sends Him to take His people home.
Would you like to experience a refreshing time in the Lord, that lasts?
Would you like to see many times more people come to Jesus this year than last?
Would it be of help to you to learn how to birth a disciple making-leadership pipeline in your church?
Would it be of benefit for me to help you create a vibrant personal evangelism culture in your church that is sustainable and lay driven?
Would it excite you to have "growth problems" rather than "program issues" in your church family?
I am not offering this as a detached expert. Nor am I doing this as one who hasn't seen it happen and experienced it over and over again. I am offering help from someone who is now on the front lines of being a pastor/church planter.
I am planting my third church right now between DC and Baltimore.
I have led churches of over a thousand birthed from a handful of faithful disciples.
I am now and have been a pastor for over 30 years.
I know what you go through serving the Lord and if I can be of help to you and to your church, I would love to do so.
Contact me if interested. I would enjoy working with you to help in any way needed.


The Trapp Family Lodge offers a trail systems that includes over 20 miles of doubletrack and 8 milesof intermediate to advanced singletrack.
The lodge offers mountain bike rentals and lesons. It also has two skills parks.
For more information go to the Trapp Family Lodge website.


Trendease covers over 100 design events a year; currently 27,000+ images in almost 1,000 reports keep 137 countries in the know!
Motifs, color shifts, visual techniques, production innovations, trendy details, award-winning designs, sustainability, bio-construction, ecological architecture, and more grace the web pages of this issue of Trendease. Milan Design Week cross-referenced with other must-see events bring together ideas of the future and where the industry is moving. Furnishings, lighting, tabletop, housewares, textiles, wall coverings, and decorative accessories will turn heads. Featured new talent and cutting-edge designers avail competitive advantages to all who read our content. Get inspired with the May edition!
Multiple European Cities — The most influential design event that took place in the last month was the design week held in Milan. Surely Milan is not the only topic found within this issue; however, many of the observations the Trendease Team made were that this event solidified many of the trends we have been tracking. It also hinted towards new directions. Jennifer outlines the trends here, along with a stunning gallery on the growing trend of contradictions in design.
Worldwide — Look carefully, but not too closely. Otherwise the colors mix, the lines waver, and the viewer is left slightly disoriented. Let yourself go in this blurry gallery of carpets, drapes, wallpaper, fabrics, and furnishings. Who knows what you might see in these obscure patterns. Do not worry, it's not your eyes.
Multiple European Cities — Wall treatments step into their own. Their colors get bright and their patterns get big; they are complex and layered, and can perform tricks; they draw inspiration from the whole world and the realm of art and the domain of fantasy. This weekend, do not be tempted by museums, the art will come to you and your walls.
Milan — Front jumped right off the page in Milan with their highly amusing installation. Although sketching is normally used to get a rough idea of how something will look, in this case, the artist's sketch has become the finished product. In this gallery the objects seem caught in mid-movement in the all-white landscape thanks to the illusion of depth and shadowing.
Worldwide — We stand in awe of big city skylines the way we stand before a breathtaking sunset. Drawing on this "urban nature" designers remind us that we are in constant contact with cities. They bring far away cities into our homes and make our own cities appear friendly and comfortable. Let's do some world traveling, right here with this Trendease gallery.
Multiple European Cities — Change the color of an object, and one's experience of it will change, sometimes drastically. Lights and televisions are supposed to create the conditions for various types of experience, so why not enable them to manipulate color to that end. Also, our findings from Paris come up with a clever new way to present clothes to customers that just may change the way we shop.
Worldwide — Last month Trendease reported on a trend of using light and air as structural elements in fabrics and home accessories. After visiting Milan Design Week and the Bangkok International Gift and Houseware Fairs in April, boy is there a plethora of new furniture designs to report on! So, here is a continuation of the Light and Air trend presenting a new angle on things.
London — The finalists of the Bombay Sapphire Award show us how versatile a material glass can be. From miniatures to enormous chandeliers; from kitchen accessories to anatomical models, these designers show an incredible range of designs. Pure art objects, pieces of cultural commentary, and lots of science; come take a look at an entire world made from a derivative of sand.
Multiple European Cities — Open space planning has been a trend in architecture, both for work locations and home interiors. There are many ways one can divide the space for various activities, dividers, partial walls, bookcases, curtains… But during our recent trip to Milan Design Week we found a couple of innovations at SaloneSatellite that have developed a creative way to diversify an interior for working or gathering.
Milan — Some of the best-known designers in the world put their heads together in this gallery to combat our environmental problems. Giving us a conceptual approach, some diagnose the problem; others build practical objects to take the difficulties head on. Since the solution must encompass the world, one of these designs might become a household staple not too far in the future.
Milan — The designers in our New Talent section play with familiar materials to make you smile. Folding over magnetic curtains, chairs that fit neatly into your closet, lamp cords woven into designs. Check out a dining table designed for games. Or you can watch a lamp whirl around like a Dervish. Observe many trends all connected by the trend of furniture that has built in humor, of course, inspiration.
Multiple European Cities — Since most of Paris is off from work this day it seems only appropriate to have a beautiful gallery of more than thirty images of beds that are ideal to dive right into. One can think about sleeping in without deviating from the task at hand: work. Whether you are enjoying the day off or are stuck at your desk, today's newsletter of the latest bedding to enter the market is something worth resting your head on. All daydreamers are welcome to cuddle up to the gallery found within.
Worldwide — This week's gallery is filled with a collection of images the Trendease Team has chosen from a selection of international trade shows and design events. These trendy plates are ideal for picnics or dinner parties with friends. From fine dining to fun dining, subscribers can enjoy the cool collection found within this gallery of images. Also view highlights from BIG show, an event beyond all proportions.
Worldwide — In this week's very international gallery lighting is letting it all hang out! Cross referencing the events the Trendease Team has covered from September to May in Europe, Asia, and the United States, it is plain to see that lighting isn't hanging onto the trends, but is creating them. Crystals, ceramic figures, felt, glass, garbage, gold, and fiber optics dangle in delight with the latest tidbits in this week's gallery.
Multiple European Cities — Today's photo selection will make readers want to jump into a soft world of squeaky cleanliness filled with fluffy towels and robes found within this gallery. From the colorful and decorative to the subtle and neutral, these bathing designs will make you want to do anything but drip dry.


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ÖH BUNDESVERTRETUNG (BV)
The ÖH Bundesvertretung is the highest level of representation for students in Austria.
Meetings of the "Bundesvertretung":
The 55 mandates of BV are directly elected every two years in the course of the ÖH elections. They form the legislative body within the ÖH structure and meet twice a semester to make decisions for the work of the ÖH. Only lists or fractions are allowed to vote for the federal representation.
ÖH Angewandte Hufak
All matters of representation at the individual universities are handled by the local university representatives of the universities.
The highest body of the university representation is the university representation meeting, which must meet twice per semester, analogous to the meeting of the Bundesvertretung. Depending on the election results, the candidate lists/groups send their mandates inside the University Representation, whereby 9 and 27 mandates are to be assigned.
If none of the candidate factions has won an absolute majority of seats, two or more factions must join together to form a coalition, which then forms the executive at the university. (hufak is in no coalition because there is only one list that ran for office, it is called "ZKF")
As at the federal level, there are also various thematic committees at the university level, to which the list/faction is delegated depending on the election results.
The work of the ÖH at the respective university is carried out by the executive and takes place primarily in departments and working areas, whereby here too the speaker must first be elected at a meeting of the university representatives.
The representative work in the fields of study is the responsibility of the study representatives. These form the smallest unit within the student representation structure in Austria.
Depending on the number of students, the student representatives consist of 3-5 persons, who are elected in the course of the ÖH election in a personal election. They take care of the interests of the students of their study program (f.e..: Stv architecture, StV Art&Science etc.) and are actively involved in curricular commissions for improvements in the daily study routine.


text:
This entry is our analysis of a study added to the Effectiveness Bank. The original study was not published by Findings; click Title to order a copy. Free reprints may be available from the authors – click prepared e-mail. The summary conveys the findings and views expressed in the study. Below is a commentary from Drug and Alcohol Findings.
Preventing alcohol and tobacco exposed pregnancies: CHOICES Plus in primary care
https://findings.org.uk/PHP/dl.php?file=Velasquez_MM_4.cab&s=dd&sf=rel
Preventing alcohol and tobacco exposed pregnancies: CHOICES Plus in primary care.
Velasquez M.M., von Sternberg K.L., Floyd R.L. et al.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine: 2017, 53(1), p. 85–95.
Unable to obtain a copy by clicking title? Try asking the author for a reprint by adapting this prepared e-mail or by writing to Dr Velasquez at velasquez@mail.utexas.edu.
Compared to brief advice, the CHOICES Plus intervention significantly lowered the risk of alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies among women in a low-income primary care population. This US-based trial illustrates the efficacy of a bundle of 'pre-conception' services for risky drinking, smoking, and ineffective contraception.
Summary Drinking and smoking during pregnancy present significant and preventable risks to prenatal health (the period before birth) and perinatal health (around the time of birth). However, many pregnancies are unplanned, and women may continue drinking and smoking into their first and sometimes second trimesters unaware that they are pregnant.
From summary and commentary
The CHOICES Plus trial tested a bundle of services in predominantly low income primary care settings, addressing risky drinking, smoking, and ineffective contraception among 'at risk' women.
After nine months, women assigned to the intervention had a significantly lower risk of alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies than women assigned to brief advice.
Targeting interventions at women before they become pregnant could shift the focus in clinical practice from treatment of substance-exposed pregnancies to prevention of a major (and costly) public health concern.
Interventions designed to minimise or prevent harms have tended to focus on cessation of substance use during pregnancy. Project CHOICES was different; focusing instead on the period before conception, it aimed to increase participants' motivation and commitment to change risky drinking and ineffective contraception in order to prevent an alcohol-exposed pregnancy from occurring in the first place. The featured study tested an amended version called CHOICES Plus, which offered a bundle of services in primary care settings addressing drinking and ineffective contraception plus smoking, in half the number of sessions.
The trial compared two CHOICES Plus sessions and a contraceptive visit (131) with brief advice and referral to community resources (130).
The two 40-minute CHOICES Plus sessions were manualised and delivered by professionals with a specific postgraduate qualification in behavioural health. Discussions were tailored to each participant's self-rated readiness to change. Smokers were referred to one or two evidence-based smoking-cessation programmes that provide self-help materials and optional counselling (the American Cancer Society's Texas Quitline programme and Fresh Start programme offered by the Harris Health System). The contraceptive counselling visit was separate from the counselling sessions and provided by a family doctor or nurse practitioner. This included taking a medical history, discussing options for contraception, doing a physical exam and pregnancy test if requested, and providing contraception. In the comparison group, brief advice (also delivered by behavioural health professionals) involved brief advice about drinking and smoking, a 'healthy lifestyle' brochure addressing diet, exercise, and illicit drug use, a referral brochure to community services, and referrals to health services covering contraception, smoking, alcohol, and other drug services.
Participants were recruited using a brief screening instrument completed either in the clinics (60%) or by telephone (40%) in response to posters placed in clinic and hospital waiting rooms. Eligible participants were risky drinking women, under 45 years of age, whose recent sexual activity and contraceptive use meant they might become pregnant. They were considered at risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy if there was evidence of risky drinking and a risk of an unplanned pregnancy, whereas their risk of a tobacco-exposed pregnancy was determined by a combination of any current smoking and a risk of an unplanned pregnancy.
Everyone assigned to CHOICES Plus received the first session, 88% completed both sessions, 53% attended the contraceptive visit, and 71% of the 61 smokers in the CHOICES Plus intervention accepted a referral for Quitline (37) or Fresh Start (6). Of those accepting a Quitline referral, 57% received services; 50% received Fresh Start services. Everyone in the brief advice group received brief advice and referral.
The average age of participants was 31. Most were from low-income households (70% under $20,000) and identified as Hispanic (47%) or non-Hispanic black (42%). Nearly half (45%) were current smokers at risk of both alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies, and according to their AUDIT questionnaire scores, the average participant was drinking at hazardous or harmful levels. Just under half the women who qualified for the trial agreed to join it and all but 13 of the 261 women who joined it were followed up nine months later.
At the end of each follow-up period (three, six, and nine months), women's risk of alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies was significantly lower in the CHOICES Plus group than the brief advice group. It was estimated that CHOICES Plus participants were more than twice as likely to reduce their risk of both alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies than brief advice participants, were more likely to reduce individual behaviours associated with their risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, and were more likely to increase self-reported smoking cessation at nine months.
Describing the routes to reduced risk, more women (40%) in the CHOICES Plus group reduced both of the risk factors for alcohol-exposed pregnancies after nine months than either risk behaviour alone (24% risky drinking and 36% ineffective contraception). Although there was a significant change in smoking cessation at nine months in the CHOICES Plus group, reduced risk of tobacco-exposed pregnancy was reached primarily through the use of effective contraception (54%).
Additional analyses sought to assess the degree to which participant dropout might have influenced these findings:
• The optimistic scenario for alcohol-exposed pregnancies was that women in the CHOICES Plus group who could not be followed-up at nine months were at reduced risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy while women in the brief advice group were at risk. When this was tested it produced a significant treatment effect. This was also the case for tobacco-exposed pregnancies.
• The pessimistic scenario was that women in CHOICES Plus who could not be followed-up were at risk and all women in brief advice were at reduced risk. This still produced a reliable treatment effect. When this scenario was tested for tobacco-exposed pregnancies, on the other hand, there was no treatment effect.
The featured study found that CHOICES Plus significantly reduced the risk of alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies, demonstrating that addressing both issues in a single programme was both feasible and efficacious in a low-income primary care population.
These findings are important as many women of 'childbearing age' who drink and smoke may continue to do so before realising they are pregnant, and unknowingly risk an alcohol-exposed or tobacco-exposed pregnancy during a critical time for foetal development.
The generalisability of the study may be limited by the low (47%) consent rate. The time participants were required to commit to was the most frequent reason given for declining participation, making it difficult to separate interest in participating in the intervention from interest in participating in the study with its multiple follow-up sessions. However, among the women who did participate, the retention rate was high across all time points, and CHOICES Plus was consistently more effective than brief advice.
Reductions in the risk of drinking and increases in effective contraception for the CHOICES Plus women were comparable to those found in the original CHOICES efficacy trial. Future research could expand CHOICES Plus to include prevention of cannabis-exposed pregnancies, as nearly half (45%) of enrolled women were also using cannabis.
In contrast with the majority of interventions that focus on stopping substance use during pregnancy, CHOICES Plus focused on the period before conception, aiming to prevent both alcohol and smoking-exposed pregnancies in one bundle of services. Targeting interventions at women before they become pregnant could shift the focus in clinical practice from treatment of substance-exposed pregnancies to prevention of a major (and costly) public health concern.
commentary CHOICES Plus reduced the risk of alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies, indicating that the intervention from which it hailed (CHOICES) could be amended to target more than one risky behaviour, and in half the number of sessions.
Drinking and smoking during pregnancy are independently associated with poor outcomes, and when they occur concurrently, magnify the potential adverse effects – for example, further increasing the risk of early labour, low birth weight, and restricted child growth. While CHOICES Plus was specifically designed to address both risky drinking and smoking, smoking was not required for participation in the study. Among those randomised, less than half (45%) were current smokers at risk of both alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies, which limited the sample on which all primary outcomes could be assessed to 118 out of 261 people.
Interventions that can prevent alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies from occurring (or at least reduce their likelihood) have clear benefits over interventions that seek to mitigate the harms among women already pregnant; however, less clear is what criteria should be used to capture the pool of women at risk.
CHOICES Plus was an example of 'indicated prevention', aimed at those identified as high risk as opposed to the whole population. Of the 11,470 women screened (a big task in itself), 5% were considered eligible, and nearly half (47% or 261) consented to be included in the study. In 2016, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cast the net wider than this for its preventive work, advising all women to stop drinking alcohol if they were "trying to get pregnant or could get pregnant", or "not using birth control with sex". This recommendation was not received warmly; the goal was laudable, but the wording was seen as paternalistic, giving the impression that women were "incapable of making responsible choices about their reproductive health".
In the United States, these 'responsible choices' are arguably constrained to a greater degree than in the UK due to the lack of free or affordable healthcare – including the lack of free or affordable contraception. In October 2017, for example, the Trump administration issued a ruling that allowed employers to decline the provision of free birth control to employees through their company insurance on religious grounds. This context may give interventions like CHOICES Plus, which specifically seek out 'at risk' women in low-income populations, an even deeper significance. In the UK, contraception can be accessed free of charge on prescription via the National Health Service, though women can still experience barriers to finding suitable (and therefore effective) methods of preventing unplanned pregnancies (1 2).
Building capacity to prevent and manage 'foetal alcohol spectrum disorders' – lifelong physical, behavioural, and cognitive disabilities caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy – is a critical issue for the British Medical Association. In the UK, their recommendation for women who are pregnant, or considering a pregnancy, is that "the safest option is not to consume any alcohol". Similarly, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists advises that "The safest approach is not to drink alcohol at all if you are pregnant, if you think you could become pregnant or if you are breastfeeding".
Guidelines from the Chief Medical Officer also state that "If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, the safest approach is not to drink alcohol at all, to keep risks to your baby to a minimum". However, "The risk of harm to the baby is likely to be low if a woman has drunk only small amounts of alcohol before she knew she was pregnant or during pregnancy". A report commissioned by Alcohol Concern (which merged with Alcohol Research UK in 2017) found that key stakeholder groups including policy makers, health service practitioners, antenatal educators, and parents perceived the precautionary principle underpinning the advice above about drinking during/before pregnancy to be inconsistent with "the informed-choice approach that underpins alcohol advice for the general population". Some stakeholders concluded for themselves (ie, it was not explicit in the guidelines) that the guidance was intended to "provide an extra layer of protection to the foetus", and others that "it is intended to protect more vulnerable and less educated women who lack the capacity to interpret the evidence wisely". There was also a perception that this was "an example of over-reach, legitimising social surveillance of pregnant women" and "congruent with a normalised directive approach to communicating with women in pregnancy".
There are many reasons why women may continue to drink during pregnancy – for example, not knowing they are pregnant, not being aware of the risks of drinking during pregnancy, and having problems with alcohol dependence. They may also, in the absence of evidence that light drinking can cause serious lasting effects, want to continue to have 'a glass every now and again' for the same reasons why people who are not pregnant enjoy doing the same.
Emphasising the importance of removing the stigma from women who drink during pregnancy, or who enter pregnancy with existing drinking problems, the British Medical Association have advised that:
• Healthcare professionals should reassure pregnant patients that, while there is no definitive evidence, the risks associated with drinking small quantities of alcohol are likely to be low.
• Healthcare professionals should be given sufficient time and resources to ensure that any woman who is pregnant, or who is planning a pregnancy, and who is identified as drinking at low-to-moderate levels, is offered brief intervention counselling. This should occur at the earliest possible stage and be considered part of routine antenatal care.
• Where high levels of consumption are identified, and with this a high-risk of prenatal alcohol exposure, pregnant women should be offered referral to specialist alcohol services for appropriate treatment.
• Healthcare professionals should avoid blame, and create an environment where patients can disclose their drinking without feeling threatened or judged.
• There should be a deeper understanding of the many reasons why women may drink during pregnancy, and a deeper appreciation for the fact that "alcohol consumption during pregnancy does not occur in isolation [and…] must be viewed in the context of society's relationship with alcohol".
In this field (and indeed this paper), the term 'pre-conception' is used to identify where interventions are delivered before pregnancy, as opposed to during pregnancy. Depending on how it is used, this terminology can be problematic because it assumes a state of 'pre-pregnancy' among women of so-called childbearing age (who may not want to become pregnant or may not be able to become pregnant), and may not make sense where part of the goal of the intervention is to prevent pregnancy from occurring. However, the vernacular appears to come from a life-course view of alcohol harm prevention that reflects a primary focus on mitigating the harms to the foetus/child, but involves interventions delivered to the mother – hence why a phase of 'pre-conception' is assumed in the first place, and is followed by 'pregnancy', which is followed by 'childhood' (when the children are aged 0–18 years), and finally 'adulthood' (over 18 years).
With evidence across a range of settings that CHOICES can significantly reduce the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies, the original programme has already been embraced in the US, and implemented with funding from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The next step for CHOICES Plus is to be tested in relatively real-world conditions, showing, for example, how effective the manualised intervention would be when delivered by 'typical' practitioners.
Last revised 11 July 2018. First uploaded 15 June 2018
STUDY 2007 Preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial
STUDY 2019 The conversation matters: a qualitative study exploring the implementation of alcohol screening and brief interventions in antenatal care in Scotland
REVIEW 2019 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a systematic review of the cost of and savings from prevention in the United States and Canada
REVIEW 2010 Alcohol-use disorders: Preventing the development of hazardous and harmful drinking
STUDY 1992 Health promotion in the general practice consultation: a minute makes a difference
STUDY 2011 12-month follow-up after brief interventions in primary care for family members affected by the substance misuse problem of a close relative
REVIEW 2012 Behavioral counseling after screening for alcohol misuse in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
STUDY 2016 Improving the delivery of brief interventions for heavy drinking in primary health care: outcome results of the Optimizing Delivery of Health Care Intervention (ODHIN) five-country cluster randomized factorial trial
STUDY 2015 Computer-delivered screening and brief intervention for alcohol use in pregnancy: a pilot randomized trial


text:
GIT-stable point
Generally, given an action of a group on some space, then a stable point of the action is one whose stabilizer subgroup is a finite group. This means that the quotient stack restricted to the stable points is "tame" in that it is just an orbifold.
More specifically, in geometric invariant theory one gives criteria for (semi-)stability of points in projective varieties under the action of reductive groups. A central application here is to the construction of moduli stacks of (semi-)stable vector bundles, which are, roughly, the (semi-)stable points under the action of the gauge group.
A review of the definition of GIT-(semi-)stable points is in (Saiz 09, pp. 27-28). Review of (semi-)stable vector bundles as GIT-(semi-)stable points is in (Saiz 09, section 2.3).
Review is in
Alfonso Zamora Saiz, On the stability of vector bundles, Master thesis 2009 (pdf)
Wikipedia, Geometric invariant theory#Stability
For original references see at geometric invariant theory.
Created on July 14, 2014 at 05:28:33. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.
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A couple whose two-year-old son's life was saved by a St John Ambulance 'guardian angel' are now determined to learn emergency first aid and are urging all new parents to do the same.
It was the evening of Thursday 28 January when they found themselves faced with the kind of nightmare life or death situation which they thought only happened to other people.
'My wife Tina and I were watching television when there was a knock at the door and there was Kirsty with Buddy who was lifeless and not breathing,' he said.
Jim had been told by his doctors to 'take things easy' after his operation. He pulled a stomach muscle while reviving Buddy and has since started chemotherapy to destroy any remaining cancer cells.
Jim has worked for St John Ambulance since 1988. As one of our workplace trainers, he teaches first aid to employees of local businesses and he's also Safeguarding Manager for our East Region, responsible for the safety and welfare of young volunteers and vulnerable adults.
Earlier this year, we launched our nursery rhyme-themed national awareness campaign to teach parents and the wider public how to save the life of a baby who's stopped breathing.


text:
Outdoors Latest News | Larry Lockman | Bangor Metro | Weaponized Ticks | Today's Paper
Here's why moose-vehicle crashes have declined drastically in Maine
Stephen M. Katz | BDN
A bull moose stands defiantly in the middle of a timber road northeast of Millinocket.
By John Holyoke, BDN Staff • July 3, 2019 1:00 am
Updated: July 8, 2019 8:31 am
Drivers in Maine are colliding with the state's largest land mammal a lot less often than they used to, and a number of factors play into that, according to two state biologists.
Both of those men — Eric Ham of the Maine Department of Transportation and state moose biologist Lee Kantar of the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife — say a shrinking moose herd is among the most important reasons only 256 moose-vehicle crashes were registered in 2018. That number is just 34 percent of the total amassed back in 2001, when 754 of those crashes were reported.
DOT efforts to make the roads safer via signage, lighting, trimming back trees to give more visibility and doing landscape work to make areas less attractive to moose were also mentioned.
"Moose populations have been trending to the lower side, and most of the drop in crashes we have seen kind of coincides with that," Ham said.
According to DOT records, the number of moose-vehicle crashes in the state has declined each year for the past six, and the number of resulting fatalities has followed suit. For the five years between 2003 and 2007, a total of 15 people lost their lives in moose-related crashes. For the most recent five years, up until 2018, just five people died in similar crashes.
Kantar said that back in 2012, the DIF&W estimated the state's moose population at 75,000. By that time, Maine's herd was already several years into a decline.
"[In 1999] I am sure that the state had well over 100,000 moose," Kantar said. "Easily."
Kantar doesn't have an estimate for 2019, but said it's probably not a stretch to assume that if moose-related collisions have decreased by more than 50 percent since the turn of the century, that mirrors a population trend that could mean there are fewer than 50,000 moose on the landscape.
"Things change over time, and the habitat changes," Kantar said. "Our [moose population] changes and moves around. But you know, we still have a fairly robust commercial forest industry that provides, on a continuing basis, new food sources as it rotates through over time. And that's how Maine moose habitat is driven [in northern Maine]."
Ham said the DOT has responded to crash data by putting signs in places where there is a high density of moose-related crashes. And a fairly recent tactic involving landscaping techniques is seeming to help make roads safer.
"In some cases we'll increase the amount of rip-rap, or large angular rock that goes on the in-slope, in the thought that the moose don't really like to walk on it that much," Ham said. "Especially in an area where you might have low visibility, or you might just have a ton of activity, use of rip-rap in creative ways helps funnel the moose or keep the moose activity a little lower."
Kantar praised the DOT's contributions.
"The Department of Transportation has done an outstanding job on an educational basis with telling the public, 'Here's when moose get hit, here's the time of day and time of night people should be careful,'" Kantar said. "And then they've done all kinds of work trying to figure out physically on the ground how they can deal with the road systems."
A few things to keep in mind: June is the most dangerous month for moose crashes (349 incidents over the five years between 2013 and 2017), while July (228) and May (207) are ranked second and third.
As to where you're most apt to hit a moose, the answer is simple: Where most of the moose live. Aroostook County.
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Aroostook had more than double the number of moose-related crashes over those five years (698) than the second-highest ranked county, Penobscot (263). And as you might expect, coastal counties like Knox (4 crashes in five years), Sagadahoc (3) and Lincoln (5) were far safer.
Kantar said a reduction in the state's moose population isn't necessarily a bad thing, pointing at the incidence of often-deadly winter tick infestations, along with fatal brain worms in moose as potential results of overpopulation.
And now, the state's priority is not to simply grow the moose population, but to grow healthier moose.
A healthier moose herd means more cows will have twins on a more regular basis, and cows will have calves at a younger age, Kantar said. Fewer animals will contract brain worm, and be infested with winter ticks.
And that population level will likely be far short of that 100,000-animal level.
But that doesn't mean that Maine drivers ought to stop paying attention, Kantar cautions.
"When spring breaks out and summer starts, that's a tough time, and you know what? People need to be super-aware driving," Kantar said. "And I would say that regardless of a 50 percent decline in moose collisions, people still need to be just as vigilant as they ever were."
Watch: Mama moose charges bicyclist, news van in Alaska
Of brookies, bass, grandsons, and mating bears


Trampolines are quite a sensation in the modern times. Conventionally, they were reserved for children at the playground as the parents (adults) watched from afar. However, this situation has changed incredibly because the trampoline can be used for different functions including but not limited to exercise, sport, and entertainment. Therefore adults are now participants in the "playground" to capitalize on the enormous benefits brought about by the trampoline. Predominantly, adults use the trampoline for exercise and specifically for purposes of losing weight. Scientists have actually found that the trampoline is the most prescribed apparatus for getting rid of cellulite.
As much the trampoline is an amazing thing, the safety of you, your family a nd friends is in your hands, and you should, therefore, take necessary precautions to safeguard these individuals. The trampoline is designed to safe because vigorous activities are anticipated but if the necessary safety precautions are not taken into account, then the risk levels are heightened, read more. Whenever accidents have arisen, the causes have been attributed to negligence and lack of adherence to safety mechanisms. Some basic tips are narrated as follows.
The place in which the trampoline is set plays a vital role in influencing the safety of its users. The set up should be on the open ground where the vicinity is clear and without any encumbrances. The environment should be well trimmed and free of thorny plantations. If the location is your backyard, then it is prescribed that you are in a position in which can view the trampoline clearly. Bushy and hidden areas should be avoided at any cost.
Children should never be let to wander and merry without limitation and regulations. Before you allow the children you use the trampoline, you ought to set boundaries and limitations. Imposing sanctions on such rules helps he kids abstain from irregular behavior. However, it is not enough to set these ground rules because you should always be in a position to supervise them. It is prescribed that children below the age of 6 years are not allowed to use the trampoline.
The prime safety accessory that is paramount to a trampoline is a safety net or trampoline enclosures. Such nets are advised due to the vigorous nature of a trampoline activities. The pressure exerted by the persons on the trampoline needs to be controlled to ensure that no one is thrown off. Also, Kids should be taught how to control the impact of a bounce such that they do not keep bouncing uncontrollably.
Why Do People Love Basketball?


text:
Q: Numpy FileNotFoundError on python script for data preparation I am currently struggeling to accomplish step 1.1 ("Prepare your data") on this GitHub Repo.
The point of the according script is to organize audiofiles (MIT Flickr 8k Audio Corpus) in a specific way which is needed for further procedure.
The copied script looks like this:
from tqdm import tqdm
import numpy as np
import argparse
import shutil
import os

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--dataroot", type=str, default='/Users/luca/Desktop/flickr_audio', help="data root of flickr")
parser.add_argument("--outdir", type=str, default='/Users/luca/Desktop/dataprepped', help="output directory")
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args)

# This just gets the filenames with speaker referenes (because it is not clear in the filename otherwise)
textin = args.dataroot + 'wav2spk.txt'
speaker_files = np.genfromtxt(textin, dtype=[('mystring','S27'),('myint','i8')], delimiter=' ')

# Saves wavs belonging to speaker from list of speaker files
def flickr_prep_wavs(outdir, speaker_files, src):
    os.makedirs(outdir, exist_ok=True)

    files = [filename for (filename, spk) in speaker_files if spk == src]
    for filename in tqdm(files, desc="extracting spk %s"%src):
        f = args.dataroot + 'wavs/' + filename.decode()
        shutil.copy(f, outdir)

# Data preparation
flickr_prep_wavs(args.outdir+'spkr_1', speaker_files, 4)
flickr_prep_wavs(args.outdir+'spkr_2', speaker_files, 7)
#flickr_prep_wavs(args.outdir+'spkr_3', speaker_files, 49)  # uncomment to include another female
#flickr_prep_wavs(args.outdir+'spkr_4', speaker_files, 17)  # uncomment to include another male

The only thing I adjusted were the folder-paths in the parser arguments.
The Error message is the following:
Namespace(dataroot='/Users/luca/Desktop/flickr_audio', outdir='/Users/luca/Desktop/dataprepped')
Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "/Users/luca/PycharmProjects/datascript/flickr.py", line 15, in <module>
    speaker_files = np.genfromtxt(textin, dtype=[('mystring','S27'),('myint','i8')], delimiter=' ')

  File "/Users/luca/PycharmProjects/datascript/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/lib/npyio.py", line 1813, in genfromtxt
    fid = np.lib._datasource.open(fname, 'rt', encoding=encoding)

  File "/Users/luca/PycharmProjects/datascript/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/lib/_datasource.py", line 193, in open
    return ds.open(path, mode, encoding=encoding, newline=newline)

  File "/Users/luca/PycharmProjects/datascript/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/lib/_datasource.py", line 532, in open
    raise FileNotFoundError(f"{path} not found.")

FileNotFoundError: /Users/luca/Desktop/flickr_audiowav2spk.txt not found.

Process finished with exit code 1

I think it has something to do with maybe a parsing of a wrong path(?!) as I am new to MacOS.
Thanks in advance!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange