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Psycho: Long Night at the Bates Motel
Contains spoilers - if such a warning is necessary.
Last week, I almost wrote about Psycho as my #1 horror film. I went with The Shining instead - partly because it may actually be my favorite, partly because it's more exclusively a horror film than Psycho (which contains strong elements of mystery/suspense and psychological drama, with the horror elements consuming surprisingly little screen-time). Besides, the film had already been discussed in the last entry for the horror countdown I was paying tribute to (in a great picture post - check it out). On the other hand, the time was ripe to write about Psycho, as I had just managed to see on the big screen, proceeded by a playful introduction from critic David Thomson, who described his overwhelming desire to grab someone and hold on for dear life after the "big scene" - he even claimed that his 19-year-old self loudly proclaimed to no one in particular (except perhaps the auteur hiding behind the screen as if it was a shower curtain), "Oh please, don't do that to me again!"
Fascinating to me because, well, I've always known that the shower scene was coming. And I've always known that Mrs. Bates was Norman. Indeed, the film has never held many surprises for me, and as I watch it for the umpteenth time I find myself humoring some vaguely contrarian thoughts which perhaps have little bearing on the film itself, but a great deal on my own involvement with it. Psycho has probably been written about more times than any other film save Citizen Kane - although perhaps Norman's knife surpasses Charles' sled in inspiring critical prose. There's a great deal out there already both in print and the blogosphere (for a great example of the latter, check out the Film Doctor's in-depth analysis of the very first scene, tartly titled "Turn Momma's Picture to the Wall".) So what I have to offer here is just my own personal take on the film (which certainly may overlap with others' observations), some scattered reflections and observations, as sliced and diced as Marion's corpse after that fatal cleansing.
One reason I picked the above photo, with its peculiar texture, is that it represents how I first came across Psycho - in a book. I can't even recall the first time I discovered the shower scene; given the movie books I liked to leaf through as a kid, it must have been gleaned almost subconsciously. But I do remember reading my first synopsis of the plot, including its transgressive, transvestite denouement - I was about six or seven, in the throes of a horror-movie fascination, and had checked out a book from the library. Most of the entries discussed Universal monster movies and B creature flicks from the 50s but the book concluded, appropriately enough, with Pyscho. (Jamie Uhler has recently offered a convincing argument that Psycho represents not just a turning point in film art generally, but a crucial fulcrum within the horror genre itself.)
Who knows when I first saw a clip of the shower sequence, but I watched the film's conclusion in a TV clip in the late 90s, just before I finally saw the whole movie: I found the revelation of Norman (even though I had already read about it) to be a perfect blend of the horrifying, the weird, and the hilarious - that priceless expression on his face when he rushes into the room unconvincingly got-up as Mom. And the shrieking chords of Bernard Hermann's stabbing score are the perfect accompaniment; whereas the music is submerged in the shower sequence, almost a sound effect accompanying the murder, in this climax the violins stand out all the more because they are almost dissonant - for a moment there's no movement at all, just Norman's wacked-out visage as he poses in the doorway with a gleeful grimace on his face.
Anyway, this has always been my favorite part of the movie; it still gives me the shivers whereas the shower scene has become almost abstract, hard to see through all the intellectual and formal verbiage that has surrounded it over the years. When I finally saw the movie, I enjoyed it start to finish, even if it contained no surprises; it was fun to see how the plot I'd read about in summary unfolded in screen-time, and exciting to see how skillfully Hitchcock unwound his story and its effects. Psycho remained near the top of my favorite films list, although I always considered Vertigo my favorite Hitchcock, and probably the director's masterpiece. Nonetheless, I always had a few questions about the film and its reputation as an all-out shocker.
For one thing, what exactly were audiences expecting when the film was called Psycho? Did they really expect it to be about a young woman who absconds with $40,000 stolen from her boss' client? Of course not, and I suppose the argument is that Hitchcock involves us with this plotline despite the fact we know there must be more, yet sometimes I feel the surprise of Hitchcock's gear-shifting is exaggerated. I guess even if we know the story will take a turn for the demented, we're not expecting Janet Leigh to be knifed - yet look at those opening credits, and she appears last ("and Janet Leigh as Marion Crane"), which is hardly the proper form for listing a main character. Sure, this probably went over a lot of viewers' heads but I've always been attuned to this sort of thing, and I think a lot of other film fans have too - wasn't anybody suspicious in 1960 when the star's name was saved for last, as if she was making a special appearance in her own movie?
Then there's Norman Bates. Read a number of descriptions about the film, and you'll expect him to show up as a cheerful Boy Scout, the last person you'd ever expect to kill a woman straying at his motel. This is not how Anthony Perkins plays the part - sure, he's charming, and the actor had a reputation as a dashing pin-up boy at the time - but Norman is a creep from his very first encounter with Marion; furthermore, she seems to pick up on his creepiness right away. What's more, the Bates Motel is not set up as a mundane location in which murder will unexpectedly intervene, but rather an ominous locale, glimpsed in the rain with a seemingly haunted house hovering on the hillside. In other words, audiences might not have known what they were in for, but they certainly knew they were in for something.
This time around, for whatever reason, the Marion scenes did not grip me quite as much as they had in the past and I found myself impatient for Norman's appearance. I was not disappointed - Perkins' performance was even juicier and more entertaining than I remembered. Recall that everyone in the movie, released when the 60s was still the 50s, is pretty stiff and square. We like Marion because we're stuck with her, but her boyfriend is not particularly interesting and her sister is dowdy and frumpy (Hitchcock's revenge on Vera Miles, the actress who plays the part and who had skipped out on his Vertigo two years earlier). The detective plays like he's dropped in from "Dragnet," while the other characters are tiresomely lecherous old men, obnoxious co-workers, or reedy bosses who hide alcohol in the office.
By contrast, Norman Bates is something of a hep cat, with his black turtlenecks, scrawny physique, and especially his spontaneous, fidgety way with words. Sure he's a bit fucked up, but at least he's not a square. His dialogue with Marion in the bird-room is a masterpiece of who-is-this-guy?, with Marion politely nibbling on her sandwich while Norman - his weirdness just barely, and occasionally, hidden by his well-groomed appearance and frequent smiles and chuckles - rambles on about stuffing dead things, being best friends with his mother, and being completely locked up in a private trap which he only pretends to like. There's one shot which represents the most dramatic shift in mood in the film up to this point: a low-angle with a stuffed predator spreading its wings over Norman's head - his eyes have narrowed, his mouth is pursed, his head is displaced within the frame.
This image brims with malevolence, and it's soon followed by the first outright evidence that Norman is not just a slightly awkward but harmless young man - when he removes a picture from the wall, and peeps through a hole at Marion as she strips. As normal as Porky's, yet within the context of the film it's an uneasy shocker, and we're not sure who to identify with. After all, this is the first moment in the movie that we haven't been with Marion; in fact, I would argue that this scene, and not the clean-up after the shower, is where we really shift our point of view, and where the film changes its tone. It's a fascinating move on Hitchcock's part and with this perverse and perverted gesture, Psycho begins to soar.
Yet it doesn't stay in the air - as some disgruntled critics of the film have noted, we don't stay with Norman, but move back and forth between him and Marion's lover and sister, who are trying to trace the murder victim. What I like about this approach is how Hitchcock employs formal contrasts which not only work within the context of the film but also set up where the cinema in general will go later in the decade. After all, the shots focused on Norman, especially once Marion has left the room, tend toward abstraction. There are rich shadows and harsh light areas, the angles are skewed, the close-ups fragmented and dramatic - all of which may suggest noir, but something about the mundane settings and costumes, as well as the somewhat dehumanized approach to the cinematography avoid any connotations of an older style. Instead, 21st century viewers will recall Bergman's Persona or Polanski's Knife in the Water - it is with the visual focus on Norman and the reflection of his own fractured psyche that Psycho fully becomes a "Sixties" movie.
When we switch to brightly lit, carefully but somewhat impersonally composed master shots, the contrast couldn't be clearer. Norman belongs to the cinema of the future, uncertain, broken, full of skewed close-ups, long-lens, abstract inserts which call attention to themselves rather than "clarifying" an overall situation. Marion's sister, Marion's boyfriend, the detective - all belong to a cinema of the past, of the 50s (represented more by television than by the widescreen Technicolor epics of the era) which Norman is helping to kill alongside his human victims. On this viewing, it seemed to me that the film's greatness lay not in its twisty plot but in the character of Norman Bates, both for what he is (a fascinating individual, easily the most watchable in the movie) and for what he represents.
Even that pat conclusion, in which a psychologist explains every last aspect of Norman's behavior with a dime-store Freudianism, is strengthened by the subversive game Hitchcock is playing throughout. Whether intended or not, the scene's easy explanations and the peculiar, forced reactions of the actors (one gasp from Miles elicited widespread chuckles from the audience) just add to the campy vibe cultivated by the previous scene. We're more uncertain than ever whether to laugh, nod somberly, or shiver in our seats. And Simon Oakland delivers his cameo with such wacky gusto we're not sure if he's really a shrink, or just an inmate who escaped from an asylum and is impersonating a doctor (like Gregory Peck in Hitchcock's Spellbound).
Then, when we switch back to Norman Bates, the dissonance is more jarring than ever. From the easily identifiable geography of the sheriff's office, with everyone clustered together and walls, shelves, and desks all in their place, to Norman's cell, with its one long blank wall out of Antonioni, its figure isolated and imposed in front of it, huddled in a blanket, staring into the camera as if to burn the fourth wall out of existence with his wicked gaze - we've passed through much more than just a hallway, we've entered into another dimension.
Two last observations, one which I'd noticed long ago, and another which I'd forgotten but noticed again. The first is that dissolve from Norman to the car being pulled out of the bog, in which - just for a second - a decaying skull is glimpsed across Norman's fading face: his now-complete identification with the dead mother, or Marion's corpse glimpsed through the metal of the car's trunk? The second moment is brief but just as subversive as anything else in the movie: Norman walks up the stairs to his mother's bedroom and the audience begins to chuckle. Those who haven't caught on look closer and laugh themselves: Mr. Bates is ever so subtly sashaying up those steps, wiggling his rear as if he's walking in one of those tight-fitting dresses from the 40s. Turn Momma's picture to the wall indeed - the movies would never be the same again.
Labels: alfred hitchcock, american classic, horror, monday wild card, movie review/film essay
Jaime Grijalba said...
Amazing analysis, another winner here.
Thanks, Jaime.
Troy Olson said...
Great stuff here Joel. Your thoughts on whether the viewers of the time were truly so naive or if it's become a bit of an exaggeration is good food for thought. As you point out, so many of the clues are sitting right there, yet people weren't able to see it or weren't looking for it.
I liken it to when I first saw THE USUAL SUSPECTS. At the time, I was simply blown away at the swerve ending that Singer had pulled off. I hadn't seen many movies that pulled that particular trick (I'm not sure just how revolutionary or not that film is...) but the reason I fell for it, I now see, is that it wasn't done all the time and I was just looking for a "normal" film. Of course, after that, I looked for the twist in every movie and now it's so overdone that it's never a surprise at all.
This is a great paragraph and I couldn't agree more. The true shift in tone of the film begins the moment he peeps on Marion. It sets in motion the horrific events that are to come.
Also -- you mention the dullness of Gavin and Miles. It does seem reasonable that Hitch made the protagonists dull simply because he had no interest in them. It is this twisted sociopath who is truly interesting and whom Hitchcock really wants to create an iconic character for.
Oh, and finally -- I like the thought of a contrast between the adventurous shots when Norman is involved and the rudimentary nature of the shots when he isn't. That's a good reading on the film and one I wouldn't be surprised to find out is 100% accurate (and plays into my comment before that Hitch was probably much more interested in the scenes with Norman than in the others).
Thanks, Troy. One thing I loved about your Psycho visual tribute was the way it opened with that peeping scene (as I said over there, but it's worth reiterating). It's such a fascinating movie because it's like several folded into one. I think Hitch was definitely more interested in Norman but also that the shift in mise en scene serves a narrative purpose as well as a personal one, setting apart the two worlds visually.
As for the twist, I can definitely see how people could not see the particular twist coming (even though there's definitely a lot of clues) but when I hear they expected it to unfold as the story of Marion stealing money and going on the lam I have to scratch my head!
Well, maybe the people thought that Marion was the psycho of the title, killing everyone who got in the way of her money!
Okay, so you make a good point there...curious if there was a Q&A with Thomson, as I thought he wrote a "book" (more like an extended essay) on the whole phenomena/influence of PSYCHO. Perhaps he's have had more "eye-witness" type accounts of what people thought going in. I think there is also a similar book out there on the "shower" sequence and its influence that might get into this more.
Also, I just did a random search on PSYCHO and saw this:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hour_Psycho
Ever heard of that before?
He did a write a book, actually Sam bought it after the screening I think. As for 24-Hour Psycho, I'd heard the title but never knew what it was. Weird - that strikes me as the sort of thing which works only in concept; execution is kind of superfluous. Sort of like Van Sant's Psycho, come to think of it.
I've seen parts of Ken Jacobs' Tom Tom the Piper's Son and was not totally won over; it's the same sort of thing except it applies the slowed-down effect to a 10-minute film rather than a 2-hour one, so it's much longer.
Make that much shorter.
Jeff Pike said...
Weird -- I heard recently of something very similar done with A Hard Day's Night, called Day for Night (at three frames per second).
Great piece on Psycho.
Thanks, JPK. That is odd - I can see the reasoning with Psycho, since it's so iconic and such a visually-driven movie but with A Hard Day's Night it's a little harder to figure. Is the music slowed down too? Now THAT would be interesting, and probably maddening...
It was at some kind of festival in Toronto (La Nuit Blanche). My friend wrote: "Day for Night: a screening of A Hard Day's Night inside a church, projected at three frames per second, one-eighth the normal speed, with a drony live string quartet for accompaniment (supposedly playing songs from the movie, but it was hard to tell)--we saw about half-an-hour out of the scheduled twelve."
LOL - and I only use that shorthand when it's literally true! Actually, with all the fast cuts (plus the novelty not yet having worn off) I could see the first half-hour of that being pretty cool. Wonder how many people made it the full 12.


The story: Camilla Cream loves lima beans, but she cares too much about what other people think to actually eat them. As she tries to pick the perfect outfit to impress all of her classmates, she suddenly grows multi-colored stripes all over her body. The doctors and specialists can't figure out how to cure her and every remedy gives her a new addition - viruses, berries, more colors, and even a tail. Could the little old lady at the front door know what to do?
Mama opines: This book will make your little one laugh at the funny transformations that poor Camilla goes through. The pictures are wonderful. More than that, it will hopefully remind them that they do not have to please other people. Camilla is a big people pleaser, but she learns through this adventure that it's ok to march to your own drumbeat. If your child likes lima beans though, you may have to have them on hand for dinner after reading this book!
Thoughts from David: I like it because, well, A Bad Case of Stripes is my favorite book. Camilla turns all sorts of colors and looks like a beautiful rainbow!
Favorite part: She turns into a medicine, into a giant pill!
It's a fun one, isn't it? My sister was so kind to let David borrow some of her favorite childhood books...now that he doesn't chew on them or rip pages!
Just eat the beans already!! It must have been so much fun to illustrate that book.


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5 Channel Partner Updates: Wednesday 03 January 2018
Updates involving Amazon Linux 2 vs Red Hat RHEL, CloudScale365, Cohesity, T2 Tech Group, The 2112 Group, TrueIT, Zumasys, Arrow buys eInfochips & more.
by Joe Panettieri • Jan 3, 2018
Good morning, channel partners. Here are five technology news updates, insights, chatter, and plenty more to start your day for Wednesday, January 3, 2018.
Keith Macove
Actually, there are 13 timely updates designed for VARs, managed services providers (MSPs), cloud services providers (CSPs), independent software vendors (ISVs), telco master agents and telco agents to sip on. Take a look:
13. Talent Part One: Cohesity has hired Nimble Storage and NetApp veteran Keith Macove as senior director of North America channel sales. Cohesity, a fast-growing startup, specializes in secondary storage data consolidation.
12. Talent Part Two: T2 Tech Group, a healthcare-focused IT consulting firm in Los Angeles, has promoted Leigh Sleeman to partner. He previously was senior program manager, with a 17-year career in healthcare technology.
11. Funding – Disaster Recovery: One Concern has raised $20 million in Series A funding. The company develops artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies for next-generation disaster recovery. This isn't your typical business continuity story. Instead, One Concern focuses on technologies that allow communities and people to prepare mitigate, respond and recover from major disasters like earthquakes…
10. Abandoning Oracle?: Amazon and Salesforce are shifting workloads away from Oracle databases toward open source and homegrown alternatives, according to The Information. The report pressured Oracle's stock on Tuesday, but some skeptics think the story is overblown. A Drexel Hamilton financial analyst even called the report fake news…
9. Amazon vs Red Hat: Amazon's latest Linux 2 launch has some pundits worried about Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)… I've owned a few Red Hat shares for roughly a decade and I'm not ready to press the panic button. Yet.
8. Rural Broadband Expansion: Microsoft is partnering with organizations across the country to form Connect Americans Now (CAN), a coalition that will pressure policymakers to help bring broadband internet access to rural America, GeekWire reports. Hmmm… Sort of sounds like a next-generation MuniWireless movement.
7. Thank You: To The 2112 Group CEO and Chief Analyst Larry Walsh for a 30-second conversation yesterday. Rush vs. Pink Floyd? (Nope.) Patriots vs. Jets recap? (Please, no.) Star Trek vs. Star Wars (Not this particular conversation). The end of cloud, server and PC performance as we know it? Perhaps…
6. M&A – Apple iOS: Apple has acquired BuddyBuild, a mobile app development service provider. Financial terms were not disclosed. BuddyBuild launched in October 2015 and raised $7.6 million in Series A funding in May 2016. The company provides a "seamless continuous integration, continuous delivery, user feedback and crash reporting solution for mobile teams."
5. M&A – IoT Distribution: Arrow Electronics is acquiring eInfochips, a design and managed services company focused on IoT solutions for retail, healthcare, aerospace and other vertical markets. eInfochips, which has 1,500 employees, will expand Arrow's IoT "sensor-to-sunset" platform by adding engineering, solution architecture, embedded software development, security, mobile device connectivity, app development, cloud configuration and management, and managed services, Arrow indicated. Financial terms were not disclosed.
4. M&A – IT Services Providers: Three deals caught our attention in recent hours. They include:
Zumasys acquiring TCS Network Consulting;
CloudScale365 acquiring FuturTech Consulting; and
TrueIT finalizing the Summit Group buyout for Microsoft Dynamics expertise.
We'll share more details about each M&A deal later today.
3. Amazon and Next-Generation MSPs: We've already highlighted to the Top 50 MSPs for Amazon Web Services. But how can MSPs actually build profitable AWS consulting, migration and managed services business practices? The cloud giant and Forrester Research claim they've found the answers. We'll share more details really soon…
2. Top 100 MSP Buyers and Sellers: Who are they? We'll reveal the list on January 18 during our next webcast. Register now.
1. Hmmm: Keep your eyes on the MSP software sector… Something other than a blizzard is on the way.
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It's the middle of 2016, and Swapna STILL hasn't read these 5 graphic novels that have been on her shelves since 2015. We all need to read them!
One Rioter does some spring cleaning on her massive Goodreads TBR list, using a few hard and fast rules to make choosing what to read next more manageable.
Why one Rioter has ditched the TBR.


Before registering as a student, you need to determine whether or not you will have sufficient funds to finance your studies. In addition to the actual course/module fees, you should also provide for books, equipment, transport, accommodation and general living expenses.
Please note that fees and conditions are determined by NELSON MANDELA UNIVERSITY Council and are subject to change without prior notice.
For specific residence fees, please download the Student Accounts Guide on the right of this page.


If you are applying as part of a group, please provide name(s) of your collaborator(s).
Academic degrees with name(s) of awarding institution(s) and dates received.
If any, medical degrees and certifications, including awarding institutions and dates received.


The scissor lift or table lift, is an automated industrial lift that may be tailored to be used in retail, wholesale, manufacturing and production settings. Industrial scissor lifts have been used mostly within production and manufacturing facilities for many decades to successfully hoist and lower materials, people and other equipment. The scissor lift is a platform with wheels that functions like a lift truck. It is handy for duties that call for the mobility and speed of transporting people and material into the air.
Scissor lifts can reach anywhere from 6.5 to 18.8 meters or 21 to 62 feet when totally extended. It is not like other types of forklifts that utilize a straight support to elevate its platform, rather it has folding supports directly below the platform that come together to stretch the platform upwards. Offered with either an electric or hydraulic motor, the scissor lift provides a bumpy ride due to the lift's construction that keeps it from roaming with a steady velocity. Instead, it travels more rapidly in the middle of its path and slows down with more extension.
Ever since the first scissor lifts were created in the 1970's, they have experienced a lot of enhancements in the materials used and safety features added, while still keeping with the same base model. Closely associated to the forklift, scissor lifts are really known for their effectiveness and portability, as they are the only industrial platform lift that can be simply kept in a corner spot in the office. They are most commonly utilized indoors from warehouses to automotive repair, these machines function in many different worksites completing many different projects.


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Talk about what's in the news Listen Live - New FREE Internet Radio Stations - We Are Philadelphia!
High School Staffer Arrested Sex Assault; DOJ Sends Philly Letter; No More Perks Lt. Gov. Stack
A high school staff member in Chester County was arrested for sexually assaulting a teenage student. Tredyffrin Police arrested 67-year-old Arthur Phillips for sexually assaulting a 15-year-old female student. Phillips has worked at Conestoga High School as an instructional aide in the television production studio since 2006. The victim told police she befriended Phillips at the beginning of the school year. They would exchange e-mails and texts, and he would take her places in his car. The assaults began in January and lasted through April. Police say they had sex more than 10 times in his car or school office, although she told him "no". He would also touch, grope, and kiss her in his office. Police say he sent her explicit photos as well. Phillips is charged with institutional sexual assault, aggravated indecent assault without consent, and endangering the welfare of a child, among other related charges. He is being held on $500,000 cash bail and is not to have contact with the victim. He has been suspended pending termination.
The Department of Justice sent letters to several city and state governments on Friday reminding them that they must verify they are in compliance with federal immigration law or risk losing grant money. Philadelphia was one of those cities, including Chicago, New Orleans, Miami, Milwaukee, Las Vegas, and New York City. It was addressed to Mayor Kenney and signed by Acting Assistant Attorney General Alan Hanson. The specific segment of immigration law in question deals with how local governments communicate with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). 8 U.S. Code § 1373 basically says that no one may prohibit another from sending Immigration and Naturalization Service the immigration status of an individual. Philadelphia Police do not ask a person's status. The Prison System also does not comply with ICE detainers unless there is a federal warrant. The city has until June 30th to send a reply.
Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf hand delivered a letter to Lieutenant Governor Mike Stack and his wife Tonya on Friday informing them that they will no longer have a state police protective detail and other government services. The Stacks would usually have a protective detail during travel and work functions. Limited cleaning, groundskeeping and maintenance at the state owned lieutenant governor's mansion in Fort Indiantown Gap, PA will be provided under limited supervision at prearranged times. Earlier this month the Office of Inspector General launched an investigation into accusations of verbal abuse and mistreatment of staff by the Stacks. "I do not delight in this decision but I believe it is a necessary step to protect commonwealth employees," Wolf states in the letter.
Tonight, Cloudy, chance of a thunderstorm, temperatures in the upper 50's this evening in Center City


The Friday night lights illuminate the crimson and blue jerseys battling on the turf. The defense shutting down rushes and passes. The offense bulldozing through defenders into the in zone.
Ajay Lozada (10), a player on the Heritage football team, gives his opinion on this annual clash between Heritage and Liberty.
"I feel like it's going to be a good match between us and Liberty, even though we might get blown out," said Lozada.
This acknowledgement of defeat is common among Heritage students. They have come to assume that Heritage won't win the game based off of their performance during the season.
"It's fun to go but we're probably going to lose," said Jacob Murray (12), a student at Heritage.
This represents the overall attitude of most students that attend Heritage. Most Heritage students still attend the game because they have a good time during the game with their friends and enjoy the rivalry between the two schools.
Overall, the excitement towards the annual game is always throttled because of the good times had and the memories shared. It's the biggest game of the year for Heritage and it doesn't matter if they lose.


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The effect of national culture on pro-environmental behavioural intentions of tourists in the UK and China.
He, L. and Filimonau, V., 2020. The effect of national culture on pro-environmental behavioural intentions of tourists in the UK and China. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35 (July), 100716.
He and Filimonau 2020.pdf - Accepted Version
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100716
© 2020 National culture can affect consumer behaviour, but there is limited empirical evidence to establish the exact magnitude of this effect in particular consumption contexts and in specific consumption markets. This paper contributes to knowledge by exploring and comparing the extent to which national culture may contribute to pro-environmental behaviour of tourists in the UK and China. By drawing upon the five dimensions or values of national culture proposed by Hofstede, Schwartz and Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (Individualism, Power distance, Long-term Orientation, Harmony and Indulgence) and by applying the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, the study establishes the causal relationships between the cultural backgrounds of tourists, their environmental knowledge, pro-environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavioural intentions. The implications for policy-making, management and future research are discussed.
National culture, pro-environmental attitudes, pro-environmental behavioural intentions, China, UK
Bournemouth University Business School


Garmin fenix 3 HR vs Garmin forerunner 610 - Compare fitness trackers.
The Garmin fenix 3 HR is in the high-price range whereas the Garmin forerunner 610 is in the medium-price range and the Garmin fenix 3 HR was released in 2016; the Garmin forerunner 610 arrived in the market in 2011.
In addition, both watches track the quality of your sleep, and both trackers count the steps. The two fitness trackers have a clock integrated, the Garmin fenix 3 HR can be connected via bluetooth but the Garmin fenix 3 HR can't, The two fitness trackers have a GPS integrated, and finally the Garmin fenix 3 HR has a battery life of 50 hours and the Garmin fenix 3 HR has 50 hours .


Angie Arsenault is an Acadian francophone who grew up in rural Prince Edward Island, Canada and later moved to Montreal, Canada, armed with her first 4-song EP, "The First Set." Having come from a musical family, Angie advanced her knowledge of music while studying Classical music at the Moncton University in New Brunswick and spending her summer breaks singing, acting and dancing in a dinner theatre. Today, with an EP and 3 albums under her belt, Angie continues her musical journey and shares her gift through private voice lessons at her home studio and a training support system via a website, complete with a blog and a singer's forum designed to help her students practice at home .
In 2011, Angie produced and released her 2nd album, "Shadow Revelations", a mix of dark, industrial, pop sounds with an emphasis on rhythms and electronic noise, along with her signature melodic vocal harmonies.
Finally, in September 2014, Angie and her family released "The Roots Project", an Americana Folk album featuring her mother Louise, her sister Melissa, her brother Jonathan, and herself. This was a lifetime goal for this amazingly talented musical family and with the different musical styles and influences each brought to the project, the result is nothing short of spectacular.
** You will notice there is no price on the player for the individual songs; however, the price for the Limited Edition physical CD is $20.00 and the Digital Download is $8.00. Simply click the "Buy on Artists Website" button on the player and it will take you to the Roots Project store.
Guest singers for family choir on "We Will Rise Again": Shelley, Giselle, Kim, Brittany, Chelsea, Amy, Nathan and Emma.
Produced, Recorded and Mixed by Daniel Cinelli.


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What Is Soju Alcohol Content And History About Soju
Gourav J.
The fundamental element of soju is rice, quite often in the mix with different fixings, for example, wheat, grain, or sweet potatoes. Soju is clear-hued and soju alcohol content regularly differs from 10% to 25%. It was first known to have been refined around 1300 A.D.
Soju is the best-known of alcohol from Korea. It is refined, vodka-like, rice alcohol with high intensity and regularly enhanced also. It is smooth and clean in taste, which makes it simple to drink in blend with different Korean dishes.
In the event that you haven't known about it, well at that point you have a vulnerable side since it's been the top of the soju drink on the planet, as indicated by CNN.
Maybe that shouldn't come as amazement considering South Koreans drink a normal of 13.7 shots of alcohol every week, more than anyplace else around the world.
Soju is what could be compared to the Japanese purpose. So, Jinro is known to be the biggest maker of soju which recorded a clearance of 70 million cases in 2004. During that year, only south Koreans people have consumed around 3 billion a soju bottle.
As a result of its prepared accessibility and its low value with respect to other mixed drinks, soju drink has turned out to be one of the most well-known mixed refreshments in both Korea and Asian eateries and bars off seas.
Soju cocktail, for example, lemon, watermelon soju, and apple are known to be famous. Likewise, other mixed drinks that are prevalent from Korea are its mekjus (Beers); OB, Hite, and Cass.
Soju is presumably the most prominent soul that most Americans know besides nothing about. Many individuals consider it the Korean form of purpose. Packaging of the soju bottle can differ in terms of alcohol as low as 16 percent and as high as 53 percent. There's additional variety in its principle fixings.
Preparation theory of Soju drink
Soju is regularly made with rice as a base, but in 1960 there was a shortage of rice that occurred so rice was banned to use in production Soju Drink, therefore, they started using starched like sweet potatoes, wheat or grain.
Even though the ban was not for a longer time but soju makers keep looking for an alternative to make the drink more innovative and tasty. If you want to prepare your own soju you can follow the below steps:
Stage 1: To blend your very own soju liquor, you should initially absorb 2 cups white rice water for 60 minutes, at that point steam.
Stage 2: Once cooked, place the rice in a sealable holder and include 4 cups of cold water, yeast, and 8 tablespoons of Nuruk compound, which is sold explicitly for making rice wine.
Stage 3: Stir the blend two times every day for seven days, at that point let it be as it is for fourteen days.
Stage 4: When prepared, strain the blend, and pour two cups of water through the strainer into the fluid.
Stage 5: Lastly, break up 4 tablespoons of sugar in your drink and serve fantastic Soju alcohol Content!
Ways to consume Soju drink
Well, there are many different ways to consume Soju alcohol Content, there is no doubt in that. Like wine, soju is intended to be overwhelmed with food, and the other way as well.
Some people served as neat with a variety of meats. Some prefer in the form of cocktail, Soju cocktail is also famous all over the world.
when we use it as cocktails since it's around 20-percent ABV, sits somewhere close to wine and harder alcohol like gin and bourbon as far as strength.
The way of serving soju is traditionally varying. you never pour your own soju; it's constantly expanded as a common beverage. For the main beverage, a mostly older person from the gathering will start pouring some soju drink into a shot glass and hand it to you.
You take that shot glass with two hands, turn your face to the side so you aren't looking at the individual who gave you the glass and shoot it.
After the main drink, glasses are filled again at whatever point they're finished with the left one, and individuals pass the Soju bottle around the table. You can taste it in the event that you need, however shooting it is increasingly normal.
Various types of Soju drink in the market
Refined Soju Drink
Customary soju drink marks all fall into this classification. Initially, soju was refined and packaged with no different strides to the procedure to deliver a, for the most part, well-refine rice wine with a high liquor content.
The normal ABV of a refined soju liquor is around 25%, making it a moderately solid soul when taken in enormous sums as it as a rule as.
Not all brands in South Korea offer a straight refined adaptation of soju any longer as the lighter spirits are winding up progressively mainstream, however, you can, in any case, discover it with a portion of the more conventional fermenting organizations.
Modified/ Diluted Soju drink
Diluted soju is made similarly as refined soju with the exemption that water is added to lower to liquor content. At the outset brewers would just lower the ABV of soju alcohol Content percentage is 20%, more deliberate Koreans are searching for an even lower content, moving a few brewers to make the ABV as low as 14%.
The transition to bring down liquor substance of numerous brands of soju makes it progressively drinkable. Modified soju drink can be a progressively charming tasting soul that you can take all through supper without overdrinking.
Mixed drink Soju / Cocktail
To satisfy the need for increasingly delightful drinks the world over, soju is now and again delivered with fruity flavors.
These are called mixed drink soju and keeping in mind that they are not extremely mainstream all over the place, they are increasing some friction in South Korea and in the US.
Since the kind of a plain soju is extremely sensitive, blending it with juices can once in a while cover the genuine beverage itself and transform it into, best case scenario a light vodka substitute.
By making an enhanced soju/soju cocktails from the begin, blending isn't important and soju taste is uncompromised.
Variety wise in soju drink, you can get Tokki, Yobo, Hwa Yo 23, Hwa Yo 41.
Benefits of drinking Soju
The advantages of drinking soju of a kind eastern liquor extend from stroke avoidance to ear health issues:
Analysts have discovered that at any rate one beverage of Soju liquor every day averted strokes.
Blending this alcohol well with water is taken to help with puke and other stomach related issues.
Remotely, this liquor is utilized to help break down ear blockage.
Blending it with salt is taken to diminish chest torment, chocking, swelling, and irritation.
This solid alcohol is additionally prescribed as a treatment for looseness of the bowels/ diarrhea and excretory framework issues.
Cost of Soju Drink
Besides nothing, which most likely clarifies its prominence. "Cash is never an issue with regards to drinking in Korea since you generally have soju". In Korea, it's about $3 per 375-millilitre bottle.
Therefore, there are numerous reasons that individuals drink Korean soju. Some appreciate getting alcoholic with dear companions. Others drink soju to get rid of their worries and stress.
The alcohol is likewise prevalent on the grounds that it additionally goes well with numerous dishes.
Soju represents almost 40 percent of the all-out liquor taken by individuals in Korea every year, as per some recent reports.
Despite the fact that Koreans drink more brew than soju as far as outright volume, soju remains the most prominent alcohol when comparing volume and soju alcohol Content percentage.
What is soju similar to?
Well, soju differs in fragrance/ aroma and flavor. Soju has frequently used a drink with food, similar to wine, but on the other hand is utilized in mixed drinks, similar to a soul.
It has an unbiased flavor, similar to vodka, yet a large portion of the soju liquor content — it commonly drifts somewhere in the range of 20 and 34 percent ABV, contrasted with vodka's 40 percent ABV.
Soju is the top-selling alcohol by volume on the planet, however, it's not legitimately considered a soul all over the place
Is Soju drink stronger than sake?
Sake and Soju are drinks that are local to Japan and South Korea. Sake, which is ordinarily known as "rice wine," is a blended refreshment that has been refined from rice.
It is made like wine or beer and is aged and matured. Soju is essentially a Korean beverage that is viewed as simply like Vodka or bourbon.
Which soju is best?
Jinro Soju, Chum Churum, Saan, Andong, Lee Gang Ju.
Is Soju stronger than tequila?
Tequila is much stronger than Soju. In tequila, alcohol percentage is about 40 percent, while Soju has about 20%. Tequila is more famous among Mexican people because of its strong taste.
On the other hand, Soju is relatively thin and its smell is also not as strong as that of Tequilas. Many Koreans think Soju taste and aroma are bitter. Even many who love Soju don't want to smell it.
Gourav is the main writer of Alcohol By Volume. He is a wine steward and before starting on writing he has been working as a Food & Drink niche digital marketer for 8 years. He is totally a food and wine person. He is a lover of beaches, boozes, and music!
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Now that America is undergoing a blitzkrieg of reforms that are sending the Khazarians in panic, will the Eurozone be the Global Reformists' next focus?
Recent actions of the International Monetary Fund, the US and British regulators against the largest German bank, i.e. Deutsche Bank, and the integrity of the euro and the Eurozone itself, all suggest that the planned shutdown of the Khazarian EU project continues undeterred.
NEW YORK/FRANKFURT Deutsche Bank (DBKGn.DE) has agreed to pay $630 million in fines for organizing $10 billion in sham trades that could have been used to launder money out of Russia, the latest in a string of penalties that have hammered the German lender's finances.
The scheme involved so-called mirror trades carried out between 2011 to 2015 – for instance, buying Russian stocks in rubles for a client and selling the identical value of a security for U.S. dollars for a related customer.
"I have a billion ruble today … will you be able to find a security for this size," the watchdog cited one party to a deal as telling a Deutsche Bank trader in Moscow.
It said the scheme – in which the parties involved often lost money on the trades due to fees and commissions – could have been used for money laundering.
While U.S. and British regulators – which fined Deutsche $425 million and $204 million respectively – penalized the bank for not having adequate controls, they did not say top management was aware of the improper nature of the trades.
The fines – which comes weeks after a $7.2 billion U.S. penalty for the sale of toxic mortgage debt – marks another step in Deutsche Chief Executive John Cryan's attempts to draw a line under the bank's misdeeds in the wake of the financial crisis, as it sought to carve and then keep a foothold on Wall Street.
The euro was introduced to be the common currency within the EU and its 19 members have been struggling to maintain confidence in is since the start of the sovereign debt crisis of 2009. Put simply: a number of members have been struggling to repay or finance their government debt, largely because of increased public spending and slow growth.
However, the IMF has pointed to deeper problems within the Eurozone. Its latest report says many countries are running "excessive deficits" — spending more than they are earning — and one of the biggest challenges to the eurozone "are rooted in distorted political incentives" at both national and Eurozone levels.
One of the central principles of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) is that countries must not run an annual budget deficit — the difference between its income and its spending each year — of more than three percent of its GDP.
Both Spain and Portugal are in breach of the SGP, triggering the warning from the Commission, which should have imposed fines on both countries for breaking the rules of the common currency, but declined to over fears it would drive up anti-EU sentiment in both countries.
Taken together with the woes over the Greek third bailout — the subject itself of disagreement between the IMF and the Eurozone — the breaches are a further sign of the dysfunctionality of the single currency, because of a north-south divide in the economies of the member states. For the SGP to work, all euro member states must have similar fiscal policies and economic cycles — which they patently don't have.
At the height of the sovereign debt crisis of 2008-9, Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Cyprus were unable to repay or refinance their government debt or to bail out over-indebted banks without the assistance of third parties like other Eurozone countries, the European Central Bank (ECB), or the IMF — otherwise known as the Troika.
One of the fundamental issues of sovereign debt crisis is that — previously, when the countries all had their own currencies — the governments would have devalued the currency to recover the situation. With a shared currency, they were unable to adopt that course of action.
The IMF also says that oversight of the Eurozone is too complicated and political. The responsibility for enforcement is shared between the European Commission and the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN) — the finance ministers of the Eurozone.
The European Commission has the right and duty to monitor implementation of the SGP without having full power to take action in cases of noncompliance because ECOFIN has the final word on monitoring and enforcement decisions, the report says.
"This incomplete separation of powers between the two entities has long been seen as a weakness of the SGP for at least two reasons. First, the ECOFIN gathers officials responsible to their own countries' constituencies and with the mandate of advancing national interests. As a result, some have argued that the enforcement of the SGP has not been evenhanded, with preferential treatment granted to larger countries holding more voting rights.
Specifically pointing out the two culprits, i.e. bankers and politicians, the regulators are effectively saying that the European Union project, as it was designed by the Khazars, must go as it forces the population to bite the "austerity" bullet every time there's a financial crisis of their own making, just to keep the bankers afloat.
To make matters worse for the bankers, Donald Trump is expected to appoint an EU ambassador who advocates for the shorting of the euro as the EU currency could fail within the next 18 months.
What this all means is a continuation of the battle royale between Donald Trump and Angela Merkel, who was one of those who actively interfered with the last US elections.
Leaders and top officials from the UK, Germany, and France have "grossly interfered" in US internal affairs, "campaigned" for Hillary Clinton, and openly "demonized" Donald Trump, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said.
Speaking at a press conference following a meeting with Austrian counterpart Sebastian Kurz, Lavrov said Moscow "is tired" of accusations it meddled in the US election.
In fact, Lavrov said, it is time to "acknowledge the fact" that it was the other way around.
"US allies have grossly interfered in America's internal affairs, in the election campaign," Lavrov said.
"We noticed that Angela Merkel, Francois Hollande, Theresa May, and other European leaders" did so. He added that official representatives of some of the European countries did not mince words, and essentially "demonized" Donald Trump during the election campaign.
Since the money laundering penalties levied against Deuthsbank involved an attack of the Russian currency, Vladimir Putin could enter the fray (the Russian government is obviously supplying the critical data necessary for indictment), for whom Merkel's intelligence chief is already attending to.
Head of Berlin's BfV intelligence agency, Hans-Georg Maassen, condemned the Kremlin for increasing its "operations" against the German Chancellor and other government figures.
The surveillance chief, who raised similar concerns about Moscow efforts to interfere in German elections last month, said he expected further cyber attacks from Vladimir Putin'sintelligence agencies.
Knowing that the German bank is too interconnected with other big banks, it's understandable that whatever Trump does, bankers and media need to oppose.
Goldman Sachs CEO Lloyd Blankfein told employees that President Donald Trump's order to halt arrivals from seven Muslim-majority countries was not a policy the bank endorsed, according to a source familiar with the matter.
"This is not a policy we support, and I would note that it has already been challenged in federal court, and some of the order has been enjoined at least temporarily," Blankfein told employees in a voicemail on Sunday.
Blankfein said Goldman Sachs would work to minimize potential disruptions to employees and their families caused by Trump's order, according to a transcript seen by Reuters.
Most U.S. corporate bosses have stayed silent on Trump's immigration curbs, underscoring the sensitivities around opposing policies that could provoke a backlash from the White House.
While Apple, Alphabet Inc's Google and Facebook emailed their staff to denounce the order, many of their counterparts in other industries either declined to comment or responded with company statements reiterating their commitment to diversity.
It's now pretty obvious that, as the Reformist Collective gained the participation of the unorthodox Donald Trump, the once covert hybrid WW3 is now nearing its climax as both sides of the Atlantic will be run by populist leaderships that the Khazarians are not so happy about.
It is highly anticipated that one more departure, e.g. Frexit, and the whole one-currency bloc is history.
The global criminal syndicate may have stashed some of their loot in industrialized China, and elsewhere, to save them for the rainy days, it doesn't mean that the same game that they been playing will not be used against them, when necessary.
In fact, what amuses knowledgeable Asians is the inability of the Western oligarchs to play the same game, follow the same rules, that the latter themselves have set forth, a long time ago.
This is the main reason why the Eastern Alliance must regain control, as it has systematically done so, of the global economy.
There will be changes because we all want to leave this planet a lot better than we've found it, for the sake of the next generation.
We can help bring down the Khazarian Mafia by defunding their Fake Healthcare System earning $4 trillion annually, and supporting the fake news media networks which promote terrorism and regime change around the world. Find out how you can have your own Comprehensive Antiviral System, and start enjoying healthcare freedom today.
Beautiful picture of a father and his daughter. That's how it should be and for all fathers in the world.
Thanks for the real story.
Interesting to see Merkel and her father. Funny how this major detail went over the heads of the German people.


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New York's luxury real estate market is in correction
Michael Nagle | Bloomberg | Getty Images
Guests attend a pool party in the penthouse apartment at the 50 United Nations Plaza building in New York. About 3,574 newly built apartments will reach the market in 2016, according to brokerage Corcoran Sunshine Marketing Group.
Real estate sales in Manhattan plunged 25 percent in the first quarter from a year ago, as the new federal tax law, stock market swings and a glut of luxury condos spooked buyers.
Sales in the first quarter posted their largest drop in nearly a decade and reached their lowest level in more than six years, according to a report from Douglas Elliman and Miller Samuel. There were 2,180 sales in the first quarter, compared with 2,892 last year.
Prices are also under pressure. The average sales price dropped 8 percent compared from the same quarter last year.
Jonathan Miller, president of Miller Samuel, said the uncertainty over the new federal tax law — which prevents residents in high-tax states like New York from deducting their state and local taxes — weighed on the market. In addition, closings at new condo towers have largely dried up, making the decline look even steeper. Add to that the recent swoons in the stock market, which New Yorkers watch closely, and you have buyers who are increasingly deciding to sit on the sidelines.
"There is a lot of uncertainty embedded in the market," Miller said.
The high end of the market is getting hit the hardest, since it's the most discretionary segment. Prices for luxury apartments in Manhattan fell 15 percent and sales were down 24 percent in the quarter from last year.
With so many luxury apartments still overpriced, they are now sitting on the market on average of more than a year and a half — a 50 percent jump over last year.
Miller said the central problem at the upper end of the market is asking prices. Many sellers have yet to lower their prices in keeping with the tax law changes and general slowdown since 2014.
"The next couple of years will be all about price discovery," he said.
As more supply comes into the market, with several new condo towers going up this year and next, the overhang could get worse before it gets better.
"I think the decline will continue, but I think the rate of decline won't be as fast as the first quarter," he said.
["Source-cnbc"]
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text:
Kościół Najświętszego Zbawiciela w Pleszewie – rzymskokatolicki kościół parafialny należący do parafii pod tym samym wezwaniem (dekanat Pleszew diecezji kaliskiej).

Świątynia została wzniesiona w latach 1844-48 jako zbór ewangelicko-luterski. Po zakończeniu II wojny światowej ludność niemiecka wyznania ewangelickiego opuściła miasto Pleszew i okolice. Świątynia została bez gospodarza. W 1945 roku ówczesny proboszcz parafii Ścięcia Św. Jana Chrzciciela w Pleszewie ks. prałat Kazimierz Niesiołowski występuje do władz cywilnych o przejęcie kościoła, cmentarza i pastorówki (domu pastora) w zarząd Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego. W dniu 17 marca 1945 roku Rada Narodowa Miasta Pleszewa uchwala uczynić starania u właściwych władz o przyznanie świątyni poewangelickiej dla celów parafii katolickiej. Tymczasowy Zarząd Państwowy w Poznaniu oddaje świątynię w tymczasowe zarządzanie parafii katolickiej w dniu 13 sierpnia 1945 roku. Ta decyzja była podstawą do poświęcenia świątyni, którego dokonał ks. proboszcz Niesiołowski 9 września 1945 roku na mocy upoważnienia władzy duchownej z Gniezna. Okręgowy Urząd Likwidacyjny w Poznaniu na podstawie decyzji Głównego Urzędu Likwidacyjnego w Łodzi przekazał w dniu 18 kwietnia 1946 r. świątynię jednak bez cmentarza i pastorówki. Późniejsze starania o te nieruchomości nie przyniosły żadnych rezultatów. Budynek świątyni wymagał oczywiście remontu i przystosowania wystroju do wymogów liturgicznych kościoła rzymskokatolickiego. W 1945 roku w świątyni zostały usunięte balkony na drugim piętrze. Pozyskana świątynia zaczęła funkcjonować jako kościół filialny parafii Ścięcia św. Jana Chrzciciela. Przez jakiś czas świątynia ta pełniła funkcję kościoła garnizonowego, gdy w Pleszewie było wojsko i mogło chodzić do kościoła. Z biegiem lat w pobliżu świątyni zaczyna przybywać mieszkańców. Powstaje potrzeba duszpasterska zorganizowania w tym miejscu odrębnej parafii, co nie jest łatwe w czasie rządów komunistycznych. W dniu 22 lutego 1967 roku w świątyni został poświęcony obraz Matki Boskiej Nieustającej Pomocy, natomiast 18 czerwca tego samego roku została poświęcona chrzcielnica. Latem 1967 roku przy życzliwej pomocy pleszewskich stolarzy zostały zbudowane salki na miejscu balkonów II piętra. W 1968 roku zostały zakupione ławy z kościoła ewangelickiego w Nowej Rudzie. Stare ponad stuletnie ławy już się nie nadawały do użytku i zostały zamienione na ławy w lepszym stanie. W tym samym roku również zostały wykute w bocznych ścianach cztery wnęki w celu zamontowania w nich konfesjonałów. W 1969 roku zostały wyremontowane organy. Miech organowy został przeniesiony na wyższą kondygnację w wieży świątyni. W 1976 roku zostało poświęcone odnowione prezbiterium według projektu ks. Bolesława Dzierwy, wykonanego przez Ireneusza Daczkę z Rydzyny. W 1977 roku zostały dokonane dalsze zmiany w świątyni: pod stropem została założona kompozycja przedstawiająca Zesłanie Ducha Świętego, na kasetony sufitowe zostały nałożone plastikowe nakładki. Następnie zostały zlikwidowane dwa filary pod chórem, który został wzmocniony tragarzem. Spowodowało to efekt optyczny poszerzenia nawy świątyni. Następnie zostały założone kapitele na filary i boazeria. W dniu 7 lutego 1978 roku odpowiednim pismem Urzędu Wojewódzkiego w Kaliszu, Wydział do Spraw Wyznań poinformował Kurię w Gnieźnie, że nie zgłasza zastrzeżeń przeciwko erygowaniu nowej parafii przy kościele Najświętszego Zbawiciela w Pleszewie. Erekcja nowej parafii została zatwierdzona dekretem Prymasa Tysiąclecia z dnia 29 marca 1978 roku.

Przypisy

Świątynie pod wezwaniem Najświętszego Zbawiciela
Najświętszego Zbawiciela
Dawne kościoły protestanckie w województwie wielkopolskim
Budynki w Polsce oddane do użytku w 1848

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Your safety at work is non-negotiable – but right now, politicians and bosses are trying to weaken rail safety laws.
Bosses are putting together a proposal to significantly narrow the definition of "rail safety workers".
If they succeed, this will mean many rail workers will no longer get training and support needed to keep you, passengers and the wider public as safe as possible. It will also undermine hard-won pay and safe working conditions.
By their own admission, the only reason the bosses are pushing for this is to cut costs.
The only way to stop them is to stand up for your right to be safe in the workplace.
Complete our Rail Safety survey - Have your say about why rail safety is important for you. Download our survey here and send it back to us or complete it online here.
Spread the word at work – Let people at work know what is going on and encourage them to complete the survey.
Join the campaign – We'll be rolling out a campaign to build community and political support to protect rail safety standards.
Join the RTBU – Australian rail workers have been standing together to fight for their rights since 1861. Our strength is our solidarity.
Get your work colleagues to join – The more people in the Union, the stronger our campaign to protect your safety at work.


text:
Derry horticultural landmark Altnagelvin garden centre goes up for sale
Altnagelvin Garden Centre
The 1.25-acre garden centre is well known for its wide range of high quality plants as well as Christmas trees and pet supplies
Read More: Altnagelvin Garden Centre Garden Centre retail industry
One of the Derry's largest and best loved garden centres has been put up for sale for the first time, after over four decades of ownership by the same family. Altnagelvin Garden Centre, on Irish Street, is being marketed by commercial property estate agent Ernest Wilson with an asking price of £1.25 million.
The 1.25-acre garden centre, which is well known for its wide range of high quality plants as well as Christmas trees and pet supplies, is a favourite destination for Derry shoppers and also attracts regular repeat visits from customers from as far afield as Omagh and Fermanagh.
The garden centre's owners Pauline and Ian Peilow are selling the £1 million-turnover business, which employs ten staff, in order to retire. Started by her parents in 1977, Pauline had lived in the four-bedroom bungalow on the garden centre site since she was born, moving away for 12 years as a young adult, before returning home to run the business with her husband in 1996.
"Gardening has changed so much since we started out at Altnagelvin all those years ago," said Pauline Peilow. "There was a huge upsurge in gardening as a hobby in the 1990s which continued to develop, but the love that people began to show to their gardens during the pandemic certainly looks like it's an obsession that's here to stay and this year we have been busier than ever."
She added: "It's the end of an era for us. In many ways we will be sad to leave Altnagelvin, but the amazing feedback we get from our customers, who return season after season to buy our top-quality plants, as well as garden products such as furniture and pots, is something we will take with us as proof that we have created a fantastic business. In the hands of enthusiastic new owners I'm confident Altnagelvin will absolutely flourish."
Since 2018 the garden centre's annual turnover has grown by 40% from £716,000 to £1 million. Included in the sale of the 1.25-acre site is an extensive shop, greenhouses and a large car park. The on-site private bungalow is also part of the sale. With four bedrooms, a conservatory and home office, the property is set within its own private gardens.
Paul Williamson, managing director of Ernest Wilson, the specialist commercial property agent that is marketing the garden centre, and which buys and sells hundreds of businesses across the UK every year, said: "The chance to buy a local landmark business like this one, and in a market which is so buoyant, doesn't come along very often. Altnagelvin garden centre is an incredibly successful business, with an unrivalled reputation that Pauline and her family have worked tirelessly over more than four decades to build.
"The potential to develop the garden centre further as a business is enormous, and needless to say we have already had a great deal of interested from prospective buyers."
Anyone interested in the sale of the garden centre should contact the Leeds head office of Ernest Wilson on 0113 238 2900, or at www.ernest-wilson.co.uk
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New range supports the EPOS satellite navigation system, which lets the user create virtual cutting zones with the help of a mobile phone
Bloombux: the evergreen dwarf rhododendron that can be used in many ways
Whether as a group in a bed, as a solitary in a container or as a border for herb beds and the like, Bloombux provides lush green accents all year...


IRCAM welcomes several installations selected by the NIME 06 jury. Improvisers, performers, instrument inventers, and experimenters in digital technology, these artists push the limits of what is planned and what is composed, and make "interaction" their principal credo.
Acousmeaucorps (pronounced "acous-mo-cor") is an interactive sound installation that creates an acousmatic body space using a video camera, a computer, and four speakers.
The video camera (situated above the space and facing downward) is connected to a computer running Max/MSP/SoftVNS which uses movement and position data to generate spatialized sound. The human body thus becomes a performance instrument, generating and triggering sounds which build musical sequences through walking, running, making arm movements, or even just flexing one's fingers.
For the current version of Acousmeaucorps, the sounds are played on two levels. One is a resonant "mass" that seems to move like water in a wading pool, favoring different pitches depending on the area of movement. The other is the triggering of different "found objects" that seem to jump out of very specific locations within the space. Together the sound types encourage people to shed their inhibitions and enjoy searching with movements that become fluid and questioning, the idea of "body" and "space" taking on new significance. The visitors, moving freely within this space defined by the four corner speakers, become the creators and performers of their own simultaneous music and dance.
Musical interface using floating balloons.
The source sound for this work is taken from ping-pong balls rolling on an electric fan. The movement of the floating balloons then processes the sound. A video camera and a computer running Max/MSP/Jitter track the colors and the movements of the balloons. Each color creates its own effect, and the performer can control the movement by moving their hands and changing the wind from the electric fan.
Transformation of a 250 year-old loom into a sound and image instrument. The work was created in the context of northern France, where the loom has played a very important role in the region's economic development and recession during the last century.
Its mechanical motion, its sounds, and the flow of the threads do not only evoke an industrial past but also a whole set of collective emotions that range from poetic to distressing, depending on the person. It is in a way comparable to Japanese Haikus, where minimal words and syllables can generate a magnificent array of images.
At the same time, the loom is also of remarkable global significance to the history of new media art. Art historian Lev Manovich cites a remark made by Ada Augusta, the first computer programmer, who said: "the Analytical Engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the Jacquard loom weaves flowers and leaves...". The connection between the Jacquard loom and the Analytical Engine is not something historians of computers make much of, since, for them, computer image synthesis represents just one application of the modern digital computer out of thousands. But for a historian of new media it is full of significance. Here, this readymade from 250 years ago speaks individually to each spectator, each one having the freedom to make his own connections with local or global history and to weave a unique soundscape based on his experience with the work.
"The submitted work has won the unanimous approval of the jury, which recognizes the presented object and its magnificent poetic dimension (similar to the poetic effects of Japanese Haikus). The project is unanimously commended by the jury." Le Fresnoy–Studio National, 2005.
Electronic Engineer Francis Bras (InterfaceZ) | Studio Decors Jean-Pierre Courcelle | Video Capture Concept Jean-Baptiste Droulers | Production Manager Isabelle Bohnke | Artistic Adviser David Link, Andrea Cera, Christophe Kihm, Madeleine Van Doren.
Special Thanks to Richard Campagne, Matthieu Chéreau, Alain Fleischer, José Honoré (Musée du Jacquard), Joelle Pijaudier, Pascal Pronnier, Blandine Tourneux.
16:9 is an intercreative sound installation. Using a wireless, portable, and easy to use interface, sounds can be mixed and freely spatialized on a speaker canvas of several square meters by painting with colors on a handheld touch screen.Through the specially developed interface, the virtual painter is able to move freely in front of the canvas to interact with the acoustic painting in a tactile and playful way. 16:9 offers a projection screen for a user-generated audio painting.
Sixty-four independent speakers installed as a pattern in a large white field comprise the projection screen. Adapted to the architecture of the space, the speaker matrix is designed to be hung on a wall like a painting. The array of speakers offers a precise placement and radiation of sound. Realistic depth effects as well as great freedom in sound positioning are easily attainable and form the basis for the intercreative audio painting. In 16:9 urban sounds are used to produce the different sound/color textures in real-time (while exploring the city in which the installation is shown the composer seeks out unique sounds that are characteristic of this urban space). Out of taken recordings, the composer creates sound/colors that are later the base for a synesthetic virtual painting. By changing the character of these sounds or colors over several degrees of abstraction it is possible to experience a synaesthetic urban situation.
In 16:9 the visitor is integrated in the installation as the source of action. Without action no sound will appear on the canvas. Because the decision of how to mix and place a color depends on the visitor, the result will always be a unique interpretation. The installation will no longer only represent an idea thought out by the artist. In a creative process the painter is able to reflect his thoughts into the installation.
Sponsored by Apogee, der Senatsverwaltung für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur, Wolf and Elisabeth Teige, Dipl. Ing. Folkmar Hein, Thomas Seelig, Michael Hoeldke, and Dipl. Ing. Manfred Fox. Very special thanks to our producer Catherine Mahoney in New York, Dipl. Ing. Osswald Krienke from Digital Audio Service in Berlin, Hanjo Scharfenberg/ Galerie Rachel Haferkamp in Cologne and Apple Computers.
The focal point of this installation lies in the relationship between the visitors and an abstract audio visual world, the intersection between the space of a person in a room and an imaginary geometrical and acoustical space.
Processes: an abstract world is created in real-time by the means of generative drawing and electronic sounds. The evolution of the visual and acoustical processes depends on interaction with the visitors but is also partly autonomous, using information gathered from various sources on the net. The images represent an imaginary space in which relationships between entities are visible. It's a shifting scenery with a strong graphical look; like a painted film.
Interaction: the interaction gives the visitor the opportunity to interact directly with the process by means moving in the installation. The interactive system observes the exhibition space with a camera and then extracts information from the visitor's movements and behavior to control sonic and graphical processes.
Media: two layers of media appear in the installation: one consists of prepared footage and audio-recordings from urban and architectural spaces. The other is images and sounds from the actual gallery space. These are mixed, modified, and projected as fragments and textures into the imaginary space.
Space: the installation space is modified in such a way as to guide the visitor's attention from the actual to the imaginary space. Two images - one large, one small - are present, as well as an immersive surround sound system. A semitransparent screen divides the space, creating a path, which the visitor can take, from an "outside" with a single view to an "inside" where all elements of the installation are present.
Interactive installation that enables a synchronous expression sound and light.
Audiences can simultaneously control sound and a three dimensional light object, which appears in a cylindrical display. By moving handheld control device in the air, audience members can experience harmonious expression of sound and light. Once the audience member swings his arm up, the light object and sound emerge in space. When swings his arm up again, the light object vanishes without a trace.
The Audio Shaker explores our perceptual understanding of sound. Anything sung, spoken, clapped, whistled, or played near it is trapped inside, where it takes on an imagined yet tangible physicality.
Sounds caught in this void are transformed, given weight and permanence, reacting directly to the shaker's movements, subtle or violent. Shaken sounds have to settle down before becoming still and silent, behaving more like fluid than transient energy.
The linear timescale of sound is broken, a conversation is split into words and mixed up in the shaker, and can be poured out separately, tipped out in a simultaneous splash or added to and shaken up further.
Put simply, it is a tactile container to capture, shake up and pour out sounds. Creating a rich, intuitive experience that is purposefully open to interpretation and imagination.
Sonobotanics is still a widely unknown science; it studies plants whose life experience is predominantly in the auditory domain.
Since the 1970's Dr. Hortensia Audactor has carried out the core research in this area. Despite difficulties encountered in the publication of her results, she has collected a substantial body of research about the growth patterns, communication behavior, and other characteristics of these plants.
Recently, the field of Predictive Sonobotanics has been founded, attempting to create models of the plants with the aim of predicting the behavior of sonobotanic plants and to gain a deeper understanding of the subtleties in sonobotanic plant behavior.
In the exhibition models of the Periperceptoida Dendriformis Sensibilis and the Periperceptoida Dendriformis Imaginaris are presented.
Immersive interactive environment that makes use of small spherical electronic interfaces in an audio installation.
Transduction.2 happens in a space where five balls (the spherical interfaces) lie spread about here and there on the floor. The visitors just have to pick them up to trigger spatial sound diffusion and to interact with Transduction.2's immersive environment. By manipulating the interfaces, users trigger the creation and the distribution of sounds.
Sounds in Transduction.2 are only produced when an interface is being moved. The distribution of the sounds is determined by the position of the interfaces in the space. The sounds "follow" the interactors as they move in the space. The system also allows users to "throw" sound from one speaker to another by simply making a movement to throw the spheres toward the chosen speaker. Interactors can control the volume of the sound according to their position in the space.
Transduction.2 uses three types of sound: sound samples, sound produced by algorithms, and live sound introduced by the interactors in the system. They are sounds from natural elements (waves, wind, rocks, seagulls), from human activities (laughter, foot steps, kids on a swing), and from objects (gears, rolling trains, paper folding). Interactors have the possibility of introducing sounds into the system via a miniaturized microphone inserted into one of the interfaces. This allows interactors to input spoken words, breathing, music, rhythms or any other sound proposition. By moving the interface, they modify the sound they have input in real-time. These modifications are created using the same structure as the one used for the sound algorithms. The input of live sounds allows users to influence Transduction.2's sound environment in a very personal way and open up to the creation of unique sound performances.
Ubisense, a company based in Cambridge (England) and Denver (USA) developed the Local Positioning System (LPS) used in Transduction.2. For more than two years the creator of Transduction.2 has been a part of their research network.


After 70 years of serving as the regulatory body for California lawyers, the future of the unified State Bar is in the hands of the same body that created it in 1927 — the state legislature.
At least three separate funding bills were expected to be introduced when lawmakers reconvened Jan. 5.
Although most observers believe that the existence of a State Bar is certain, it appeared likely that the bar will split into mandatory and voluntary components.
"I think there is going to be a voluntary arm of the bar," said bar President Marc Adelman following a mid-December meeting in Sacramento with legislators, representatives of the governor and other parties.
Urgency legislation to restore the bar's funding was expected to be introduced into the legislature earlier this month, authored by Assemblyman Robert Hertzberg, D-Van Nuys.
At least two other bills dealing with the structure of the bar were also expected by longtime bar critics, Sen. Quentin Kopp, I-San Francisco, and Sen. Bill Morrow, R-Oceanside.
Seventy-seven California law firms and corporate legal departments had committed to pay their lawyers' State Bar dues voluntarily by mid-December.
The amount includes a $77 mandatory fee and an additional $381 authorized in the fee bill vetoed by Gov. Wilson in October. Under that bill, active attorneys in California with more than five years of experience would have been required to pay $458 in annual bar dues.
52 nonprofit providers and public agencies also have agreed to pay the full $458 fee voluntarily for their attorney employees.
Following the veto, the board of governors began to solicit voluntary payment of bar dues. Fee bills were sent to members in November.
Although the future of the State Bar's minimum continuing legal education (MCLE) program is uncertain, the 44,000 active attorneys in compliance group one are being asked to submit a compliance card.
At its regular meeting last month, the bar's board of governors decided to ask attorneys whose last names begin with the letters A - G to attest to completion of 36 hours of MCLE courses. At the same time, however, the board agreed not to assess the usual $75 late charge if lawyers do not show their compliance.
Briefing in the case (Warden v. State Bar of California) was completed in November, but oral argument before the Supreme Court is not yet scheduled. Once arguments are heard, the court must rule within 90 days.


It was a brilliant stoke of genius to pair guitarist Corey Harris with New Orleans pianist Henry Butler, and their collaboration is this month's Pick Hit.
The Blues Bytes team has always had a strong affection for Memphis blues, so it shouldn't come as a surprise that the new CD from the Daddy Mack Blues Band is our Surprise of the month feature.
One of the better CDs from Chicago's Magic Slim and the Teardrops was released in the early 1980s on Rooster Blues, and is now available on CD for the first time. You can read about it in this month's Flashback section.
This month's What's New section features reviews of new CDs from Son Seals, B.B. King, Mighty Mo Rodgers, Jeff Taylor, Alvin Youngblood Hart, James Solberg, and more.


Aztec Barcode ActiveX is Windows compatible. Aztec ActiveX is a powerful ATL-based barcode control generating the Aztec 2D barcode and can be used in any ActiveX-compliant environment like Word, Access, Excel, VB.Net, C#.Net, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Delphi and C++ Builder.
DataMatrix 2D Barcode ActiveX (Popularity: ) : DataMatrix ActiveX is a powerful ATL-based barcode control generating the DataMatrix 2D barcode and can be used in any ActiveX-compliant environment like Word, Access, Excel, VB.Net, C#.Net, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Delphi and C++ Builder.


We've moved into a really smart new office at the Oaklands Business Centre. Moving in to one office has enabled us to bring our people together to create one team with the sole objective of delivering high quality advice and service to our customers. You're very welcome to pop in and see us.
We are delighted to welcome Rob Roberts to the Team. With 15 years experience providing high quality advice and service Rob is a perfect fit for what we're doing at Chester Partnership.
After just two years, we are invited to become one of the Intrinsic Strategic Partner firms. With only 50 such firms (out of approx. 3,500) in the UK, this was further recognition of our commitment to financial planning done properly.
Congratulations and thanks to Dave Sale and Rob Hughes for the 10 years you've been with the company. Dave and Rob head up our Para-planning and Technical Support service, helping with the research and preparation of reports that form a vital part of the ADVICE process experienced by our clients. Here's to the next ten years men!
After 15 great years with Sesame, we left to become part of the Intrinsic Group. We look forward to maintaining our award winning ways with another of the UK's leading distributors of financial services.
April 2013 sees the launch of our new website and Riskograph! We believe the site offers so much more than the usual (boring?) financial adviser brochure sites and will, in the fullness of time become our next award winner! We hope you like it!!
At this year's Symposium our colleague Alun Davies is recognised by Sesame as the Best Adviser in the UK! A fantastic personal achievement for Alun and reflective of our continued commitment to financial planning that keeps the customer at the centre of everything we do.
The RDR – a 5 year review of the way financial services are distributed in the UK (Retail Distribution Review). Changes include a ban on commission for investment advice & higher qualifications for advisers. For the past 13 years we have pushed for such improvements and believe the RDR helps the industry take a long overdue and for some - quantum leap towards true professional status.
Another very swanky dinner at the London Hilton, Park Lane as we are shortlisted for the 2012 Professional Adviser Awards – Best Small Adviser Firm and Industry Charity Champion. We didn't win but were in the company of other very good, high quality firms.
The Financial Adviser School (FAS) accepts its first cohort of students. 3 years spent working with SBG in the design & creation of FAS ensures there is now a fully integrated route for bright, talented people to become the next generation of modern professional advisers. The School reflects our passion & commitment to support new people to join the industry and proves that dreams really can come true!
Our 10th anniversary and we are recognised as the Top IFA Firm in the North West. Stephen Young, CEO at Sesame Bankhall said, "The past year has been another challenging one for our industry and it is good to be able to celebrate the success of some of our member firms, along with our provider and lender partners, who have demonstrated continued success in these difficult times".
Sesame acquires the business of financial services providers Bankhall & PMS to create the Sesame Bankhall Group (SBG). Supporting over 11,000 financial advisers across the country SBG becomes the UK's largest distributor of retail financial advice. We are proud to be associated with this market leader.
We welcome Richard Cavey to the firm as we complete the acquisition of RKV Financial Services a well established & respected firm operating in the North Manchester & Oldham areas.
Our Principal & Director accepts a position on the North West Employers Board of the National Skills Academy for Financial Services. The NSAFS as the UK's leading body for the development & delivery of education, skills & training solutions has a vision to ensure the UK has a better educated financial services workforce. A vision we have a shared passion for!
The firm welcomes Ted Robertson as a Client Relationship Manager as it completes the acquisition of Robertson Walker, one of the Wirral's leading firms of financial advisers.
We are twice assessed by the Sesame Supervision Team with an 'A' grade for our positive & proactive attitude towards TCF initiatives and being able to provide good evidence of embedding TCF principles into the way we do business.
The Financial Services Authority (FSA) publishes its paper 'Treating Customers Fairly' (TCF) with principles that provide a regulatory breath of fresh air for the industry to deliver improved outcomes for retail consumers. A deadline is set of December 2008 for firms to clearly demonstrate they are consistently treating customers fairly.
The firm completes its move to a suite of prestigious offices at the newly refurbished Oaklands Business Centre, once the headquarters of British construction firm Alfred McAlpine plc.
The firm's creation of a Para-planning & Technical Support Department lays another foundation stone to support our ambitions to create 'something a little bit special'.
The start of the new millennium seems like an opportune time to launch our new business! With 8 advisers, 2 administrators, 2 computers and a few bits of furniture The Chester Partnership ventures forth into the brave new world of IFA's - independent financial advisers! We decide to buy support services from the Sesame, the largest & longest established service provider in the UK.
Working as Company Representatives for Royal Life, and then lately Royal Sun Alliance - the award winning Chester Branch gains the reputation as the firm's 'jewel in the crown'.
Joining Sun Life of Canada as newcomers to the industry we are taught to identify & prioritise the client's needs and then find the most appropriate solution! What a sound first cornerstone to include in the foundations for our future business!


The nightlife in London is famous worldwide and it isn't hard to see why. From stylish London bars, London nightclubs, London casinos and exclusive private member clubs, London has it all.
A huge range of particularised bars and pubs are located throughout London that offer fine wine, cocktails, aged liquors and much more. The perfect examples of these can be seen at many of the 5 star London hotels who provide only the best facilities for their guests.
Nightclubs in London are brimming with energy and are often full house on the weekend. Club nights are huge events where global DJ's play live music to the adoring crowds.
For Gambling, there are many Casinos in London that offer a variety of Casino games that are carried out by experienced staff in a rich setting.
For socialising away from the hustle and bustle of London City, private clubs are a haven for the rich to enjoy some comfort and luxury.
Read on to find out more about London nightlife.
London's Nightlife is world renowned & a destination for young or old! Not just about the clubs, but the arena of restaurants & lounges is continuously growing. I've selected excellent ideas for your time in London!


text:
package org.apache.nifi.minifi.bootstrap.configuration.ingestors;

import static org.apache.nifi.minifi.bootstrap.configuration.ingestors.PullHttpChangeIngestor.PULL_HTTP_BASE_KEY;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import org.apache.nifi.minifi.bootstrap.ConfigurationFileHolder;
import org.apache.nifi.minifi.bootstrap.configuration.ingestors.common.PullHttpChangeIngestorCommonTest;
import org.apache.nifi.minifi.commons.schema.ConfigSchema;
import org.apache.nifi.minifi.commons.schema.exception.SchemaLoaderException;
import org.apache.nifi.minifi.commons.schema.serialization.SchemaLoader;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.mockito.Mockito;

public class PullHttpChangeIngestorTest extends PullHttpChangeIngestorCommonTest {

    @BeforeAll
    public static void setUp() throws Exception {
        PullHttpChangeIngestorCommonTest.init();

        final ServerConnector http = new ServerConnector(jetty);

        http.setPort(0);
        http.setHost("localhost");

        http.setIdleTimeout(3000L);
        jetty.addConnector(http);

        jetty.start();

        Thread.sleep(1000);

        if (!jetty.isStarted()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Jetty server not started");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void pullHttpChangeIngestorInit(Properties properties) throws IOException, SchemaLoaderException {
        port = ((ServerConnector) jetty.getConnectors()[0]).getLocalPort();
        properties.put(PullHttpChangeIngestor.PORT_KEY, String.valueOf(port));
        properties.put(PullHttpChangeIngestor.HOST_KEY, "localhost");
        properties.put(PullHttpChangeIngestor.PULL_HTTP_POLLING_PERIOD_KEY, "30000");
        properties.put(PULL_HTTP_BASE_KEY + ".override.core", "true");
        ConfigurationFileHolder configurationFileHolder = Mockito.mock(ConfigurationFileHolder.class);

        ConfigSchema configSchema =
            SchemaLoader.loadConfigSchemaFromYaml(PullHttpChangeIngestorTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.yml"));
        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        SchemaLoader.toYaml(configSchema, writer);
        when(configurationFileHolder.getConfigFileReference()).thenReturn(new AtomicReference<>(ByteBuffer.wrap(writer.toString().getBytes())));

        pullHttpChangeIngestor = new PullHttpChangeIngestor();
        pullHttpChangeIngestor.initialize(properties, configurationFileHolder, testNotifier);
        pullHttpChangeIngestor.setDifferentiator(mockDifferentiator);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Ireland's First Students Of New Distilling Degree Course Graduate
October 25, 2019 2:36 PM By Donna Ahern
Ireland's first students of a new degree course in Brewing and Distilling graduated on Saturday, 19 October from Technological University Dublin.
This degree programme will serve as an important first step towards the establishment of a National Research Institute for Brewing and Distilling in Ireland and is underpinned by firm support from market-leading industry partners, Pernod Ricard and Diageo.
The course was initially launched in September 2017, and is spearheaded by Marie Byrne of Dublin-based distillers Chinnery Spirits'.
Future-Skills Gap
Inspired both by her own Science Degree from UCD and wide-ranging experience in the Irish whiskey industry, Byrne identified a future-skills gap in the Irish Brewing and Distilling industry brought on rapid growth in the sector, as well as exciting opportunities for new strategic alliances in R&D.
"This is a hugely significant step forward in the evolution of the Irish drinks industry," Byrne said.
The BSc has provided the candidates with the necessary scientific and engineering skills to pursue careers in both well established and new breweries and distilleries.
"This degree course with its unrivalled education, research projects and work placements is the first and most crucial step towards addressing current skills gaps."
© 2019 Checkout – your source for the latest Irish retail news. Article by Donna Ahern. Click sign-up to subscribe to Checkout.
Pernod Richard
Chinnery Spirits