text:
Pakistan Arrests C.I.A. Informants in Bin Laden Raid
Jan 31, 2012 | Government Agenda, WAR: By Design
Muhammed Muheisen/Associated Press
Weeks after the raid that killed Osama bin Laden at this compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan arrested C.I.A. informants who had assisted in the operation.
By ERIC SCHMITT and MARK MAZZETT
WASHINGTON — Pakistan's top military spy agency has arrested some of the Pakistani informants who fed information to the Central Intelligence Agency in the months leading up to the raid that led to the death of Osama bin Laden, according to American officials.
Kuni Takahashi for The New York Times
A casualty of the recent tension between the countries is an ambitious Pentagon program to train Pakistani paramilitary troops to fight Al Qaeda and the Taliban in the northwestern tribal areas.
"With 'friends' like this who needs enemies?"
Fred, Up State NY
Read Full Comment »
Pakistan's detention of five C.I.A. informants, including a Pakistani Army major who officials said copied the license plates of cars visiting Bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, in the weeks before the raid, is the latest evidence of the fractured relationship between the United States and Pakistan. It comes at a time when the Obama administration is seeking Pakistan's support in brokering an endgame in the war in neighboring Afghanistan.
At a closed briefing last week, members of the Senate Intelligence Committee asked Michael J. Morell, the deputy C.I.A. director, to rate Pakistan's cooperation with the United States on counterterrorism operations, on a scale of 1 to 10.
"Three," Mr. Morell replied, according to officials familiar with the exchange.
The fate of the C.I.A. informants arrested in Pakistan is unclear, but American officials said that the C.I.A. director, Leon E. Panetta, raised the issue when he travelled to Islamabad last week to meet with Pakistani military and intelligence officers.
Some in Washington see the arrests as illustrative of the disconnect between Pakistani and American priorities at a time when they are supposed to be allies in the fight against Al Qaeda — instead of hunting down the support network that allowed Bin Laden to live comfortably for years, the Pakistani authorities are arresting those who assisted in the raid that killed the world's most wanted man.
The Bin Laden raid and more recent attacks by militants in Pakistan have been blows to the country's military, a revered institution in the country. Some officials and outside experts said the military is mired in its worst crisis of confidence in decades.
American officials cautioned that Mr. Morell's comments about Pakistani support was a snapshot of the current relationship, and did not represent the administration's overall assessment.
"We have a strong relationship with our Pakistani counterparts and work through issues when they arise," said Marie E. Harf, a C.I.A. spokeswoman. "Director Panetta had productive meetings last week in Islamabad. It's a crucial partnership, and we will continue to work together in the fight against Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups who threaten our country and theirs."
Husain Haqqani, Pakistan's ambassador to the United States, said in a brief telephone interview that the C.I.A. and the Pakistani spy agency "are working out mutually agreeable terms for their cooperation in fighting the menace of terrorism. It is not appropriate for us to get into the details at this stage."
Over the past several weeks the Pakistani military has been distancing itself from American intelligence and counterterrorism operations against militant groups in Pakistan. This has angered many in Washington who believe that Bin Laden's death has shaken Al Qaeda and that there is now an opportunity to further weaken the terrorist organization with more raids and armed drone strikes.
But in recent months, dating approximately to when a C.I.A. contractor killed two Pakistanis on a street in the eastern city of Lahore in January, American officials said that Pakistani spies from the Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence, known as the ISI, have been generally unwilling to carry out surveillance operations for the C.I.A. The Pakistanis have also resisted granting visas allowing American intelligence officers to operate in Pakistan, and have threatened to put greater restrictions on the drone flights.
It is the future of the drone program that is a particular worry for the C.I.A. American officials said that during his meetings in Pakistan last week, Mr. Panetta was particularly forceful about trying to get Pakistani officials to allow armed drones to fly over even wider areas in the northwest tribal regions. But the C.I.A. is already preparing for the worst: relocating some of the drones from Pakistan to a base in Afghanistan, where they can take off and fly east across the mountains and into the tribal areas, where terrorist groups find safe haven.
Another casualty of the recent tension is an ambitious Pentagon program to train Pakistani paramilitary troops to fight Al Qaeda and the Taliban in those same tribal areas. That program has ended, both American and Pakistani officials acknowledge, and the last of about 120 American military advisers have left the country.
American officials are now scrambling to find temporary jobs for about 50 Special Forces support personnel who had been helping the trainers with logistics and communications. Their visas were difficult to obtain and officials fear if these troops are sent home, Pakistan will not allow them to return.
In a sign of the growing anger on Capitol Hill, Representative Mike Rogers, a Michigan Republican who leads the House Intelligence Committee, said Tuesday that he believed elements of the ISI and the military had helped protect Bin Laden.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/15/world/asia/15policy.html?_r=1


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Q: C#: "using" directive and try/catch block I know how to use try/catch block in case of database calls and know how to use "using" directive in context of using try/finally construction as well.
But, can I mix them? I mean when I use "using" directive can I use try/catch construction as well because I still need to handle possible errors?

A: You can definitely use both together.
A using block is basically just a bit of syntactic sugar for a try/finally block and you can nest try/finally blocks if you wish.
using (var foo = ...)
{
     // ...
}

Is roughly equivalent to this:
var foo = ...;
try
{
    // ...
}
finally
{
    foo.Dispose();
}

A: Of course you can do it:
using (var con = new SomeConnection()) {
    try {
        // do some stuff
    }
    catch (SomeException ex) {
        // error handling
    }
}

using is translated by the compiler into a try..finally, so it's not very different from nesting a try..catch inside a try..finally.

A: This one is perfectly valid:
using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
{
    try
    {
        // Do something with the memory stream
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        // Do something to handle the exception
    }
}

The compiler would translate this into
var stream = new MemoryStream();
try
{
    try
    {
        // Do something with the memory stream
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        // Do something to handle the exception
    }
}
finally
{
    if (stream != null)
    {
        stream.Dispose();
    }
}

Of course this nesting works the other way round as well (as in nesting a using-block within a try...catch-block.

A: A using such as:
using (var connection = new SqlConnection())
{
    connection.Open
    // do some stuff with the connection
}

is just a syntactic shortcut for coding something like the following.
SqlConnection connection = null;
try
{
   connection = new SqlConnection();
   connection.Open
   // do some stuff with the connection
}
finally
{
   if (connection != null)
   {
      connection.Dispose()
   }
}

This means, yes, you can mix it with other try..catch, or whatever. It would just be like nesting a try..catch in a try..finally.
It is only there as a shortcut to make sure the item you are "using" is disposed of when it goes out of scope. It places no real limitation on what you do inside the scope, including providing your own try..catch exception handling.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Daisy Coker ;[Twin]. Given Name: Daisy. Surname: Coker ;[Twin].
Died ABT 29 MAY 1909. Hill City, Gordon, Georgia, United States.
No known carriers of Daisy's ancestors' mitochondrial DNA have taken an mtDNA test and no	close relatives have taken a 23andMe, AncestryDNA, or Family Tree DNA "Family Finder" test.
Last Name at Birth should be changed from Unknown to Coker.
Daisy is 21 degrees from Amy Gilpin, 20 degrees from Joshua Slocum and 17 degrees from Henry VIII of England on our single family tree. Login to find your connection.


Perfect Timing Personnel Services, Inc.
How much does Perfect Timing Personnel Services, Inc. in the United States pay?
Average Perfect Timing Personnel Services, Inc. hourly pay ranges from approximately $14.90 per hour for Laboratory Assistant to $45.22 per hour for Project Manager. The average Perfect Timing Personnel Services, Inc. salary ranges from approximately $37,000 per year for Office Assistant to $127,208 per year for Paralegal.
Salary information comes from 620 data points collected directly from employees, users, and past and present job advertisements on Indeed in the past 36 months.
Questions about Perfect Timing Personnel Services, Inc.
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Answered by Perfect Timing Personnel Services, Inc.
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Our Group offers the full range of specialist pre-retail services designed to improve and enhance the overall presentation of your products.
The pre-retail equipment that we use is of the highest standard, which includes a wide range of steam tunnels, pressing equipment and fully automated bagging and bag sealing systems.
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Incepted in the year 2013, we "Dimura Precitech Engineering" are known as the most reputed manufacturer and supplier of high quality array of Die for Plastic Processing Machinery and Screw Barrel. The offered products are manufactured by our experts using latest technology and quality tested raw material in compliance with the international quality standards. Known for their durability, sturdiness, easy to install, optimum strength, corrosion resistance and precisely designed, these products are highly demanded in the market. Also, these manufacturing processes are supervised by our experienced technicians. With the help of our ethical business policies, on-time delivery, transparent dealings and customer centric policies, we have been able to attain maximum satisfaction of our valuable clients.
Copyright © 2019. Raamda Machines All rights reserved.


The "Beast of the Green Hell" packs some serious punch courtesy of tuner-prescribed steroids.
If you feel like life's too short to wait for the Mercedes-AMG GT R Clubsport let alone the confirmed Black Series, tuners can satisfy your desire for a meaner coupe born in Affalterbach. Starting off with the base model or the hotter S version, a variety of tuners have come together to upgrade the AMG model and make it stand out from the either of the two versions of the GT.
The first order of business was to slap on a widebody kit giving the performance machine wider hips and a rear wing. Prior Design was in charge of providing the aftermarket package, which also includes some aero bits such as the front and rear flicks and the meaner diffuser at the back. AMG GT coupe aficionados know that's not the stock front grille, with the "Beast of the Green Hell" being fitted with a blacked-out setup reminiscent of the Panamericana grille.
The green shade is not a standard Mercedes paint, but a full-body Malachite Green vinyl wrap of which 50 rolls were made for Europe. It's nicely contrasted by the striking yellow accents noticeable at the front and rear as well as on the side skirts. Rounding off the changes on the outside is the 20-inch set of alloys provided by ADV.1 Wheels and complemented by matching tires and a slightly modified suspension with KW coil springs and H&R wheel spacers.
No tuning job would be complete without some modifications underneath the hood where the twin-turbo 4.0-liter V8 has been taken to new levels of power. The AMG engine produces 469 horsepower in the base GT and 577 hp in the range-topping GT R, but multiple upgrades have increased output to 650 hp. Torque is also significantly up, from the series 516 pound-feet (700 Newton-meters) available in the R to a mountain-moving 590 lb-ft (800 Nm).
German firm Fostla put together this Mercedes-AMG GT R ensemble of aftermarket goodies and dare we say they've managed to do a great job.


Edexcel 9-1. Pearson books for textbook (Early Elizabethan England, Weimar and Nazi Germany, Superpower Relations and the Cold War). Hodder textbook for Crime and Punishment through time.
Purple Edexcel 9-1 revision guides are recommended for revision.
Revision guides and workbooks can be purchased through the Mathematics department for £6 each.


text:
filed: September 7, 2021 • Australia
Wind farm nuisance test case starts in Victoria Supreme court
Credit: 'He's bricked in his bedroom window': Wind farm test case begins in Supreme Court | By Emma Field and Rio Davis | ABC Gippsland | September 7, 2021 | www.abc.net.au ~~
What could become a landmark legal battle to determine if a Victorian wind farm created a significant nuisance for its neighbours in underway in Victoria's Supreme Court.
The civil case against the Bald Hills wind farm near Tarwin Lower, in Victoria's south-east, is expected to run for two weeks.
The plaintiffs are John Zakula, who lives about a kilometre from the nearest turbine, and Noel Uren, who sold his property next to the wind farm in 2018.
They are claiming damages and aggravated damages, saying they suffered sleep deprivation, loss of income and decreased property values.
They also seeking an injunction to have the turbines turned off under certain conditions, particularly at night.
To establish nuisance, the plaintiffs must prove that the turbines caused them substantial and unreasonable interference with their enjoyment of their properties.
While the case could set a precedent, Justice Melinda Richards said it was constrained to the facts of the matter.
"There are a confined set of issues for determination," she said.
"It is not a broad-ranging inquiry into wind farms."
Court heads to South Gippsland
Justice Melinda Richards said she would visit the wind farm on Wednesday.
Victoria is in lockdown, but court officials and two lawyers have received permission to make the trip.
Justice Richards said she and two of her associates would take a COVID-19 test before they visited the farm and she encouraged the two lawyers to do the same.
The plaintiff's legal team set out a broad suite of evidence arguing the effects of the noise form the wind farm were both "substantial and unreasonable".
Mr Zakula's lawyers told the court on Monday he had taken drastic action to try and minimise the noise.
"Mr Zakula can't sleep most nights," barrister Joel Fetter said.
"He's bricked in his bedroom window to deal with the noise."
The court heard the nearest turbine was 1,131 metres from Mr Zakula's house, which he built in 2015.
Because the house was not built when the planning permit was issued, the condition of a maximum noise level does not apply to his residence.
But the wind farm's defence barrister, Albert Dinelli, said the operator had performed monitoring at his house and ensured the noise levels were under the permit levels.
"Your Honour ought conclude the conduct of the wind farm is of a responsible corporate citizen," he said.
Property values plunged, court told
Mr Zakula and Mr Uren's lawyers told the Supreme Court on Minday that the noise from the 52 wind turbines caused the men headaches and sleep deprivation.
The claimant's lawyers also said the noise meant Mr Zakula had abandoned plans to start an organic farm on his property and reduced his property's value by 25 per cent, or $200,000.
"He's had to give up the farm because he can't stand to be outside," Mr Fetter said.
The nearest turbine to Mr Uren's residence was 2,167m.
When he sold in 2018, the court heard, it had lost $191,000 in value.
The wind farm operators undertook several stages of "curtailment" measures before and during the operation of the turbines, the court was told.
Offers were made to Mr Zakula for further noise abatement on two separate occasions.
Mr Dinelli said while the two plaintiffs' subjective experience should be considered in the case, the findings of an "objective person" were more important.
Noise study questioned
A wind farm noise study ordered by Victoria's Planning Minister was also questioned by the plaintiffs and defended by Bald Hills' legal team.
Lawyers for the pair told the court a pre-operation noise survey to measure background noise report was not conducted at Mr Uren's property.
"Mr Uren's house is missed in this report," Mr Fetter said.
He said in order to make a full assessment of the wind farm noise the company commissioned to do the study required the background noise data, plus the reading of the turbine noise.
Mr Fetter said this would not have been possible without Mr Uren's data.
"The fact they never did background monitoring on his house means there is no background data on his house," he told the court.
"You've got to cheat and take background data from another location to get this data."
The defence's argument that the measurement was appropriate rests on the expert evidence of Chris Turnbull, an acoustic engineer who reviewed the company's sounds measurements.
But the defence will argue that taking background noise data from a proxy location – in this case a different neighbour's residence – is appropriate.
The case continues.
John Zakula and Noel Uren from Tarwin Lower claim noise from the Bald Hills wind farm reduced their enjoyment of their properties
The wind farm's operator says it's taken measures to mitigate noise, and the level of noise was reasonable for a rural area
One of the plaintiffs has bricked in his bedroom window and abandoned his farming plans, his lawyer says
2015: Wind farm begins operations, residents launch legal action
2020: Supreme Court case upholds the validity of a South Gippsland Shire Council-commissioned report
2021: Six plaintiffs launch case and are joined by seven other. Now only two remain
Source: 'He's bricked in his bedroom window': Wind farm test case begins in Supreme Court | By Emma Field and Rio Davis | ABC Gippsland | September 7, 2021 | www.abc.net.au

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Speciation in spider mites: disentangling the roles of Wolbachia-induced vs. nuclear mating incompatibilities
Jan Engelstaedter based on reviews by Wolfgang Miller and 1 anonymous reviewer
Miguel A. Cruz, Sara Magalhães, Élio Sucena, Flore Zélé. Wolbachia and host intrinsic reproductive barriers contribute additively to post-mating isolation in spider mites (2020), bioRxiv, 10.1101/2020.06.29.178699, ver. 4 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology. 10.1101/2020.06.29.178699
Submitted: 09 July 2020, Recommended: 23 November 2020
Jan Engelstaedter (2020) Speciation in spider mites: disentangling the roles of Wolbachia-induced vs. nuclear mating incompatibilities. Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology, 100116. 10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100116
Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is a mating incompatibility that is induced by maternally inherited endosymbionts in many arthropods. These endosymbionts include, most famously, the alpha-proteobacterium Wolbachia pipientis (Yen & Barr 1971; Werren et al. 2008) but also the Bacteroidetes bacterium Cardinium hertigii (Zchori-Fein et al. 2001), a gamma-proteobacterium of the genus Rickettsiella (Rosenwald et al. 2020) and another, as yet undescribed alpha-proteobacterium (Takano et al. 2017). CI manifests as embryonic mortality in crosses between infected males and females that are uninfected or infected with a different strain, whereas embryos develop normally in all other crosses. This phenotype may enable the endosymbionts to spread rapidly within their host population. Exploiting this, CI-inducing Wolbachia are being harnessed to control insect-borne diseases (e.g., O'Neill 2018). Much progress elucidating the genetic basis and developmental mechanism of CI has been made in recent years, but many open questions remain (Shropshire et al. 2020).
Immediately following the discovery and early study of CI in mosquitoes, Laven (1959, 1967) proposed that CI could be an important driver of speciation. Indeed, bi-directional CI can strongly reduce gene flow between two populations due to the elimination of F1 embryos, so that CI can act as a trigger for genetic differentiation in the host (Telschow et al. 2002, 2005). This idea has received much attention, and a potential role for CI in incipient speciation has been demonstrated in several species (e.g., Bordenstein et al. 2001; Jaenike et al. 2006). However, we still don't know how commonly CI actually triggers speciation, rather than being merely a minor player or secondary phenomenon. The problem is that in addition to CI, postzygotic reproductive isolation can also be caused by host-induced, nuclear incompatibilities. Determining the relative contributions of these two causes of isolation is difficult and has rarely been done.
The study by Cruz et al. (2020) addresses this problem head-on, using a study system of Tetranychus urticae spider mites. These cosmopolitan mites are infected with different strains of Wolbachia. They come in two different colour forms (red and green) that can co-occur sympatrically on the same host plant but exhibit various degrees of reproductive isolation. A complicating factor in spider mites is that they are haplodiploid: unfertilised eggs develop into haploid males and are therefore not affected by any postzygotic incompatibilities, whereas fertilised eggs normally develop into diploid females. In haplodiploids, Wolbachia-induced CI can either kill diploid embryos (as in diplodiploid species), or turn them into haploid males. In their study, Cruz et al. used three different populations (one of the green and two of the red form) and employed a full factorial experiment involving all possible combinations of crosses of Wolbachia infected or uninfected males and females. For each cross, they measured F1 embryonic and juvenile mortality as well as sex ratio, and they also measured F1 fertility and F2 viability. Their results showed that there is strong reduction in hybrid female production caused by Wolbachia-induced CI. However, independent of this and through a different mechanism, there is an even stronger reduction in hybrid production caused by host-associated incompatibilities. In combination with the also observed near-complete sterility of F1 hybrid females and full F2 hybrid breakdown (neither of which is caused by Wolbachia), the results indicate essentially complete reproductive isolation between the green and red forms of T. urticae.
Overall, this is an elegant study with an admirably clean and comprehensive experimental design. It demonstrates that Wolbachia can contribute to reproductive isolation between populations, but that host-induced mechanisms of reproductive isolation predominate in these spider mite populations. Further studies in this exiting system would be useful that also investigate the contribution of pre-zygotic isolation mechanisms such as assortative mating, ascertain whether the results can be generalised to other populations, and – most challengingly – establish the order in which the different mechanisms of reproductive isolation evolved.
Bordenstein, S. R., O'Hara, F. P., and Werren, J. H. (2001). Wolbachia-induced incompatibility precedes other hybrid incompatibilities in Nasonia. Nature, 409(6821), 707-710. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/35055543
Cruz, M. A., Magalhães, S., Sucena, É., and Zélé, F. (2020) Wolbachia and host intrinsic reproductive barriers contribute additively to post-mating isolation in spider mites. bioRxiv, 2020.06.29.178699, ver. 4 peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Evolutionary Biology. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.178699
Jaenike, J., Dyer, K. A., Cornish, C., and Minhas, M. S. (2006). Asymmetrical reinforcement and Wolbachia infection in Drosophila. PLoS Biol, 4(10), e325. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040325
Laven, H. (1959). SPECIATION IN MOSQUITOES Speciation by Cytoplasmic Isolation in the Culex Pipiens-Complex. In Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology (Vol. 24, pp. 166-173). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Laven, H. (1967). A possible model for speciation by cytoplasmic isolation in the Culex pipiens complex. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 37(2), 263-266.
O'Neill S.L. (2018) The Use of Wolbachia by the World Mosquito Program to Interrupt Transmission of Aedes aegypti Transmitted Viruses. In: Hilgenfeld R., Vasudevan S. (eds) Dengue and Zika: Control and Antiviral Treatment Strategies. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1062. Springer, Singapore. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_24
Rosenwald, L.C., Sitvarin, M.I. and White, J.A. (2020). Endosymbiotic Rickettsiella causes cytoplasmic incompatibility in a spider host. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1107
Shropshire, J. D., Leigh, B., and Bordenstein, S. R. (2020). Symbiont-mediated cytoplasmic incompatibility: what have we learned in 50 years?. Elife, 9, e61989. doi: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.61989
Takano et al. (2017). Unique clade of alphaproteobacterial endosymbionts induces complete cytoplasmic incompatibility in the coconut beetle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(23), 6110-6115. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618094114
Telschow, A., Hammerstein, P., and Werren, J. H. (2002). The effect of Wolbachia on genetic divergence between populations: models with two-way migration. the american naturalist, 160(S4), S54-S66. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/342153
Telschow, A., Hammerstein, P., and Werren, J. H. (2005). The effect of Wolbachia versus genetic incompatibilities on reinforcement and speciation. Evolution, 59(8), 1607-1619. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01812.x
Werren, J. H., Baldo, L., and Clark, M. E. (2008). Wolbachia: master manipulators of invertebrate biology. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 6(10), 741-751. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1969
Yen, J. H., and Barr, A. R. (1971). New hypothesis of the cause of cytoplasmic incompatibility in Culex pipiens L. Nature, 232(5313), 657-658. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/232657a0
Zchori-Fein, E., Gottlieb, Y., Kelly, S. E., Brown, J. K., Wilson, J. M., Karr, T. L., and Hunter, M. S. (2001). A newly discovered bacterium associated with parthenogenesis and a change in host selection behavior in parasitoid wasps. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(22), 12555-12560. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.221467498
The authors have done an excellent job addressing the reviewers' and my own comments, and I find the new version to be much improved. In particular, I'm happy with the extended introduction providing background on the spider mite system and the improved discussion of pre-mating isolation. The summary sentences at the end of the Results subsections are also very helpful, and I really like the new figures with their consistent colour scheme. I only have a few more very minor comments:
The first sentence in the Abstract seems to be its own paragraph, please merge the entire abstract into a single paragraph.
It seems that some of the packages loaded and presumably used in the R scripts (e.g. car and lme4) have not been cited. Please make sure that all packages are mentioned in the methods with citations.
-l.721: Perhaps "narrows" --> "limits", or somehow rephrase this sentence? It's a bit hard to understand at first.
Additional comment of the managing board
We'll send you (today) instructions in a separate e-mail to format your article
Preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.178699
Wolbachia is a widespread maternally inherited endosymbiont of arthropods. These bacteria often induce mating incompatibilities between males and females with different infection status, which suggests that they may play a role in host speciation. In this article, Cruz et al. investigate the contribution of Wolbachia to reproductive isolation between different population of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, relative to host-related incompatibilities.
Both reviewers commented positively on the experimental design of this study, and I agree that the experiments, based on a full factorial design testing all possible types of matings, are impressive in their scope and well suited to answering the questions posed. However, the reviewers also raise a number of issues that should be addressed in a revised manuscript. Most importantly, both reviewers suggest a thorough discussion of the role of pre-mating isolation in this system.
In addition, and related to this, I would also like see more context provided on the system in the introduction. The MD and FM types of CI are well explained but very little background information is given on the "biogeography" of these mites and their symbionts. E.g., do the green and red types co-occur symmetrically or only in allo- or parapatry? Is Wolbachia fixed in these populations or is there generally a polymorphism between infected and uninfected individuals? Are populations from the red and green type that are compatible infected with the same strain of Wolbachia, or are both uninfected? Given all that is known about this system, are the three populations chosen representative of the species (complex) as a whole?
Some other comments:
Abstract: "However, most studies focus on closely-related populations of single species" - this sounds as if the authors are setting up the stage for a follow-up sentence like "Here, we instead do ...", but the next sentence doesn't quite live up to that expectation (partly because the study system is also a single species).
Abstract: "these two sources": not quite clear which two sources are referred to because there's a sentence in-between, perhaps be more explicit here.
Fig.1 & 2: I was wondering why some of the crosses aren't shown here. Are those the ones that aren't as interesting for the questions asked, or is there another reason? Might be good to either add them or to mention why not in the figure legend.
Fig.1: I think the colour scheme used in Fig.2 is quite nice, perhaps the same scheme could be used for Fig. 1? (E.g., coloured circles above the plots instead of the numbers?)
Box S1 heading: I think it should be "relating to" instead of "relative to"
Some comments on "Wolbachia and host intrinsic reproductive barriers contribute additively to post-mating isolation in spider mites" by Miguel A. Cruz, Sara Magalhães, Élio Sucena, Flore Zélé (DOI https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.178699).
Cruz et al report here on a rather detailed and complete set of experiments aiming at assessing the respective contributions of Wolbachia-induced CI and other forms of incompatibilities on post-mating isolation between three populations of Tetranychus urticae. In fact, two of the populations are very close, and apparently not isolated at all, while the third is rather deeply divergent (over 5% divergence at the mtDNA level) and completely isolated. I do agree with the authors that teasing apart the effects of Wolbachia versus other causes in establishing reproductive isolation is important. I see, however, two limitations here, that the authors may want to discuss more specifically in a revised version of their manuscript. One is that the importance of pre-mating isolation is not known in this system, so that it is difficult to assess the actual contribution of post-mating isolation. The second is that isolation without Wolbachia seems so high already that it is difficult to derive conclusions with regard to the importance Wolbachia plays in current isolation or has played in establishing speciation.
Another general comment is that I found the Results section rather difficult to follow. It may help to guide the reader more gently through the results, possibly by asking / answering questions one at a time? In relation with this, it seems to me that useful take home numbers would be estimations of how much gene flow would be increased if one or the other causes of post-mating isolation were removed (assuming no premating isolation). I suggest trying to derive such numbers from this analysis.
Below are some more detailed comments, that I hope will be found helpful.
Some more details
L28: "polymorphs" => polymorphism ?
L30: "Moreover, whereas speciation induced by wCI…"; I think this idea could be made clearer by adding a few words: "Moreover, whereas speciation SOLELY induced by wCI may require very specific conditions, WOLBACHIA could STILL play a significant role in host speciation by interacting with other (intrinsic) isolation mechanisms."
L42: "However, in the latter scenarios…"; I think "however" could be removed.
L44: "additive or interacting effects"; but the words above "either a complementarity or a synergy" seem to indicate additivity in the first case and positive interaction in the second? So, in what sense have interaction's not been studied?
L68: "variable levels of wCI"; it seems the abbreviation "CI" would be better suited in this context.
L69: "In spider mites, as in some other haplodiploid species…": is this part of the paragraph at the best possible place? The paragraph starts with specific statements on the study system, and we thus have these general statements on CI in haplo-diploids, without any specific information on T. urticae. Here we would expect some statements on whether CI leads for male development or female mortality in this species?
L79: "Wolbachia-induced CI (wCI)"; the abbreviation was defined earlier
L91: "COI mtDNA"; the CO1 difference is very large (over 5%) and falls largely over standards for conspecific populations. It would be of interest to know how much this translates into effective isolation. Is information available on how much the nuclear compartments differ?
L130: I suppose "quiescent females" in this context means "young and thus virgin females", that will produce only males? Please provide explanations for the non-specialist.
L152: could it be that female cryptic choices introduces some errors in this estimation, for example, a trend to fertilise fewer eggs in crosses between U females and I males would lead to more males being produced even though diploid zygotes are killed by CI?
L157: I would add something like the following sentence: "𝑀𝐷cor is thus a measure of the excess in male production in comparisons with controls, taking a value close to 1 when this excess is maximal".
L197: "P-values were defined as…"; I don't understand this sentence and the meaning of these P-values. Could the authors clarify the rationale behind this test?
L230: "As F1 female fertility corresponds to their ability to lay at least one egg, and/or a normal number of eggs"; I don't understand this sentence very well; is it meant that the term fertility can mean both of these things (being fertile or sterile, versus being very much fertile or not?). This should be clarified; same comment on L257.
L245: "a single maternal chromosome"; so, these animals have only one pair of chromosomes? Was that mentioned earlier?
L253: "for males to mate"; isn't that a strange wording, considering that females do mate as well?
L274: "R statistical package"; I think "program" should be used rather than "package" (R includes many packages).
L312 "Overproduction of males (MD-type incompatibility)"; at the end of this section, at least after a 1st read, I must say it is difficult to have a clear view of what is causing this excess of males. I suggest adding some interpretations / hypotheses, rather than sticking to results only.
L35: again, "wCI" is used when it seems that the usual "CI" abbreviation would seem sufficient.
L425: "males mated with (and sons of) green females"; the bracket is not clear to me and does not read very well. Same comment L430 & 441 & 442.
L443: "cannot necessarily be explained"; I don't really understand this sentence, may be "necessarily" is superfluous?
One background issue that is not discussed is how much these different types of crosses could occur in nature, and thus what is the actual impact of the various post-zygotic problems seen here? Could it be that some of the post-zygotic barriers are simply not barriers because gene flow is prevented by other sources?
L453: "up to 2 times more"; some additional explanation of what this number means would help. Something like "how much gene flow would be increased if one or the other factor was removed" would be helpful.
L463: can you clarify what "unidirectional" means here?
L487: I don't think "Nevertheless" is useful here.
L524: "The combined effects…"; I am not at ease with the content of this paragraph. It is argued that one should try and quantify the respective contributions of CI and HI in restricting gene flow. If I understood well, it is seen that isolation would be complete even without Wolbachia. But still, it is argued that Wolbachia could play a critical role in isolation. The problem is that this Discussion faces a usual problem of interpretations of speciation processes: once several factors are at play, it is difficult to know which one actually mattered initially…
Reviewed by Wolfgang Miller, 2020-08-17 14:27
This is a carefully planned and painstakingly performed study aimed to estimate the contributions of Wolbachia-induced (wCI) and host-associated (HI) incompatibilities in the haplodiploid spider mite Tetranychus urticae at the post-mating level between sympatric populations differing genetically such as in coloration. By multi-factorial crosses within and between populations at different infection states they found that in this incipient speciation system HI dominates over wCI in effectivity (1.5 – 2), where wCI seems to affect mortality of female embryos but HI triggers symmetric F1 sterility and F2 hybrid breakdown in backcrosses. In addition, HI is causing the overproduction of sons in these incompatible crosses and not the Wolbachia endosymbiont. They further show that both mechanisms can act together synergistically and that possibly such cyto-nuclear incompatibilities might predate nuclear ones.
Hence, this elegant study has managed to dissect - for the first time to my knowledge - the different degrees of contributions of the two postmating isolation mechanisms acting in this system, i.e., cyto-nuclear vs nuclear-nuclear BDMIs.
Line 130: please explain to non spider mite experts what is meant with "quiescent females".
This last part is not meant as a critique: Although discussed later on, the design of this current study cannot rule out the possibility that not all females were inseminated by males in their crossing experiments and thereby the role of premating isolation is not yet fully determined. As nicely mentioned in the discussion, future cytological studies on early hybrid embryos will uncover additional mechanistic clues. In summary, however, this is a very important work that will further deepen our understanding in the short- and long-term dynamics of symbionts and their potential role in speciation, a highly exciting but still controversial subject in evolutionary and ecological biology.


6AAE. (1) The assessee undertaking agricultural extension project shall maintain separate books of account of the agricultural extension project notified under sub-section (1) of section 35CCC, and get such books of account audited by an accountant as defined in the Explanation below sub-section (2) of section 288.
(3) The assessee shall not accept an amount exceeding the amount as approved in the notification from the beneficiary under the eligible agricultural extension project for training, education, guidance or any material distributed for the purposes of such training, education or guidance.
(4) The assessee shall not get any direct or indirect benefit from the notified agricultural extension project except the deduction of the eligible expenditure in accordance with the provisions of section 35CCC of the Act, rule 6AAD and this rule.
(c) a certificate from the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, regarding the genuineness of the agricultural extension project undertaken by the assessee during the previous year.
(e) activities of the agricultural extension project are not being carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Act or the rules or the conditions subject to which the notification was issued, he may, after making appropriate inquires, furnish a report on the circumstances referred to in clauses (a) to (e) to the CBDT 2[for appropriate action as per the provisions of sub-rule (11) of rule 6AAD.


text:
Robert Plant asked The Runaways' Lita Ford to replace John Paul Jones in Led Zeppelin
The guitarist claims the frontman made the offer in 1975
Rhian Daly
Robert Plant apparently offered to sack Led Zeppelin bassist John Paul Jones and replace him with The Runaways' Lita Ford.
The guitarist claims in her new memoir Living Like A Runaway that the frontman made the approach after a Runaways gig in Los Angeles in 1975.
"[He] asked me if I could play bass," Consequence Of Sound reports that she wrote. "For who?' I asked. 'Led Zep.' He might have been drinking or pulling my leg, but he seemed to be dead serious in the moment."
Ford never heard back from Plant, but Jones did leave Led Zeppelin around the same time.
The Runaways guitarist covered Led Zeppelin's 'Rock And Roll' for a tribute album released in 1997.
It was recently confirmed that Plant and his band The Sensational Shape Shifters will headline this year's Wilderness Festival. The event will take place in Oxfordshire on August 4-7.


A native of northern Michigan, McCool has been teaching clients the ways of fly fishing and upland hunting for most of his life. "I've been blessed with a calling that provides an opportunity to share my passion for the natural world."
McCool has been reported in the New York Times, Fly Rod and Reel, Field and Stream, the United Kingdom's Trout Fisherman magazine, The Orvis News, Detroit News, Traverse the Magazine and other mainstream publications.


text:
Tennessee football reportedly under investigation by NCAA
Kristian Dyer | 1 month ago
Few things in life are certainties…death, taxes and…an investigation into Tennessee football every couple of years.
The Volunteers are under investigation (again), this time internally by their compliance department as well as by the NCAA. Improper benefits for players is at the center of the investigation, which is branching out to members of the coaching staff as well as recruiting and personnel.
The investigation, which started in early December, also includes current and former players.
According to 105.7 in Knoxville, the athletic department issued this following statement:
"In keeping with our institutional commitment to compliance, we often look closely at regulatory issues that are brought to our attention via internal or external channels. Maintaining compliance is a shared responsibility, and active monitoring is part of that process."
This isn't the first time that the program has been dragged through the mud over improper behavior.
Over two decades ago, Tennessee was accused of a massive cheating scandal. There was also a major lawsuit in 2016 that was settled, the lawsuit claiming a permissive attitude for student-athletes that led to claims of sexual assault.
And of course, there are claims of recruiting violations stemming back to former head coach Lane Kiffin.
This past September, a former Tennessee player accused the program of blackballing him.
Kristian Dyer


text:
Passport: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows...
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
Nope, it's not a new indie rock band. It's the name of J.K. Rowling's next and final thriller. That's almost as good as the fake Harry Potter titles that copycats have been profiting from around the world. Fun fact about the Harry Potter series: it topped the American Library Association's list of "most challenged books ...
605328_Harry-potter_chinese.thumbnail5.jpg
Nope, it's not a new indie rock band. It's the name of J.K. Rowling's next and final thriller.
Nope, it's not a new indie rock band. It's the name of J.K. Rowling's next and final thriller.
That's almost as good as the fake Harry Potter titles that copycats have been profiting from around the world.
Fun fact about the Harry Potter series: it topped the American Library Association's list of "most challenged books of 21st Century." Why? Because "it's mainstreaming witchcraft in a subtle and deceptive manner, in a children-friendly format," according to one angry parent. And we can't have that.
Tags: Culture, Media
Andrej Babis's Scorched-Earth Bid for the Czech Presidency


text:
Here's who you can vote for in Henley in the general election
General Election 2019: The candidates for Henley
By David Lynch @davidintherain Reporter
THE General Election is approaching swiftly, with less than a month for candidates to spread the word of why they should be the next person to represent the people in parliament.
We continue our series of features on the candidates in each of Oxfordshire's constituencies with a look at the candidates for Henley.
In the Henley constituency there are four candidates standing to become the next MP.
These are John Howell (Conservatives), Laura Coyle (Liberal Democrats), Zaid Marham (Labour) and Jo Robb (The Green Party).
The Conservatives
John Howell.
Conservative candidate John Howell was the area's MP until the general election was called at the end of last month and parliament was dissolved.
Mr Howell was first elected as MP for Henley in 2008, and went on to win subsequent elections in 2010, 2015, and 2017.
When the election was called, Mr Howell said issues important to his constituents including health and social care, housing and infrastructure, education and climate change were being 'drowned out' by Brexit.
He said: "I can find few who wish to go back to square one on this and start again. It is important that we have good relations with mainland Europe whatever the outcome of Brexit."
He added: "I shall be fighting an election on the widest range of topics and certainly not just on Brexit."
Laura Coyle.
Laura Coyle, Liberal Democrat candidate, has lived near Goring for eight years with her husband Ray and six-year-old son who attends the local school.
She also has two teenaged stepchildren.
She as previously worked as a Lib Dem councillor and campaigned for the homeless and those who are living in substandard and insecure housing.
Ms Coyle now works as a housing solicitor in Oxford providing advice and legal representation to tenants and homeless people, primarily through legal aid, and is also a director of a small almshouse charity.
She campaigned for Remain in 2016 and has continued to campaign against Brexit.
Her campaign website said she 'wants to give the people of Henley the chance to vote for someone who believes that the UK, and the world, will be a better, greener, safer place if the UK remains at the heart of Europe.'
READ MORE about candidates in the 2019 general election from across Oxfordshire here:
The general election candidates for Oxford East
The general election candidates for Oxford West and Abingdon
The general election candidates for Witney
The general election candidates for Wantage and Didcot
The general election candidates for Banbury
Zaid Marham.
Zaid Marham is the Labour Party Candidate for Henley.
He grew up in Oxfordshire, and lives in Oxford.
He has a degree in Molecular Biology and a Masters degree in Applied Genetics, and has been a tutor in science and maths for more than 20 years and runs a small tutorial establishment.
Mr Marham has been involved in various political campaigns from CND when he was at school to building support for the miners' strike in the mid 1980s and the campaign against the poll tax.
For the last 20 years the main focus of his political activity has been the peace movement, in which he has been actively involved at local level.
He joined the Labour Party in September 2015, when Jeremy Corbyn became leader.
He remains interested in foreign policy but is also strongly interested in education, health, and the environment which, along with housing, he considers the key local issues.
Jo Robb.
Jo Robb, Green Party Parliamentary candidate for Henley, was elected to represent the Woodcote and Rotherfield Ward on South Oxfordshire District Council in May.
Ms Robb has previously campaigned on climate change, fossil fuel divestment, preserving the Chilterns AONB and reforming planning law.
She is originally from Sydney, Australia, and studied law and English at the University of New South Wales.
She worked in the litigation department of a major Australian commercial law firm before moving to the UK in 2010 to become a journalist.
Ms Robb said: ""If you want to avoid an environmentally and economically damaging hard Brexit, if you want to see real action on climate change, and if you believe a People's Vote and Green New Deal are the best way to solve these issues, vote Green."
Henley was current prime minister Boris Johnson's seat in parliament between 2001 and 2008.
He then went on to become Mayor of London, before returning to parliament as MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip in 2015.


Which Natural Hair Loss Remedies can help You Safely?
The very best natural hair loss remedies do work but you must find out which ones will work for you. And, do so safely without any risk of causing more harm than good. This review will help. Just scan the list below and use the links to jump down the page.
#1. A Remedy for Hair Loss That Actually Works!
#3. Best Essential Oils for Hair Loss?
#10. Natural Hair Loss Remedies Sitting in Your Garage?
I managed to restore natural hair regrowth using my own special techniques. To find out how I did it, simply read my hair loss story.
See photos and learn how I saved my hair (just in time!) after seven years of frantic research: page 2.
All that hard work culminated in a published article for the Medical Hypotheses journal. And I created this website so that other men and women can use my techniques to help save their hair too. Learn about my techniques?
"Hi Paul, A big thank you for putting this information out there for those that need it. Your techniques are the only truthful hair loss remedy I have ever found, as it completely resolves the problem."
"This is worth more than any topical remedy that companies want you to waste your money on to treat and not cure."
"Had a run in with telogen effluvium a few months back, it was fantastic... I really think you're on to something."
Several hair loss remedies involve rubbing various natural substances onto your head. The idea, of course, is that they'll deliver active ingredients directly to the affected region of the scalp whilst at the same time save you money from buying expensive topical hair loss products. And many of these products typically contain extra ingredients which can cause undesirable side effects as well. For example, they'll often have an alcohol base which can over-dry the scalp. Hair loss products also tend to give off a very unnatural and unpleasant smell from the chemical cocktail they contain. So, that's three very good reasons why many people prefer to use natural substances instead.
Garlic and onion are often used as natural hair loss remedies largely due to the sulfur they contain. However, their high sulfur content also makes them very pungent - something that's extremely off-putting for a lot of people, maybe even more so than the chemical smell from hair loss products!
So if the thought of rubbing garlic or onion onto your head makes you want to cry, read the article below to get some other ideas for using garlic and sulfur to help grow your hair.
How to use garlic for hair growth.
The main idea behind using essential oils (aromatherapy) as safe, natural hair loss remedies is to put concentrated botanical extracts into your body. This is normally done using a "carrier" oil such as almond oil or olive oil. However, emu oil is often said to be the oil that's absorbed best by the body. So, if you use emu oil instead, it might deliver more of the essential oils down into your hair follicles and give yourself the best chance of dealing with the root cause of your hair loss problem.
Essential oils have been used for hundreds of years, so it's not really surprising that the number used as natural hair loss remedies form a very long list. And that also means the potential number of essential oil combinations you could blend together is mind-boggling!
So that's why my essential oils for hair loss review compares 5 scientific studies and brings together the top suggestions.
It should be quite easy to grow some very well known herbs used for hair loss in your own backyard.
As your herbs grow, they'll exude a pleasant aroma across your land.
You'll be eating fresh, organic herbs that are really healthy for you.
Save money. Herbs can be expensive!
Creating your own natural hair loss treatments using herbs is quite simple. You basically just need to take either fresh or dried* herbs and apply them directly to the hair loss region of the scalp in some topical form - either crush them or mix them with a liquid ingredient to help absorption (e.g., emu oil or your regular shampoo).
* Unless you can continuously grow and use fresh herbs all year round, it makes sense to dry some of the herbs you harvest, and then store them indoors for later use.
Some of the more exotic species of herbs used as hair loss remedies might not be quite so simple to grow yourself.
However, one exception is aloe vera, a herb widely used in many hair loss treatments and products. Aloe vera is a desert dweller, so it should be easy enough to grow indoors using plant pots or a conservatory (or even outdoors if you have a greenhouse or live somewhere hot and dry).
It's quite well known that cutting an aloe vera leaf and applying the inner gel/sap onto burns and wounds can help accelerate the healing process. So, by rubbing it into the hair loss region of the scalp, it might just be able to stimulate hair growth the same way. Remember though, as with all natural hair loss remedies, you'll probably need to persevere for several months - you can't expect results overnight!
To learn more about these herbs, how to use them, and which ones work best, read this article.
A dermaroller is a very simple product which aims to stimulate hair regrowth by rolling hundreds of tiny needles over your scalp on a regular basis.
This process (called microneedling) causes micro skin trauma which then activates the skin repair and hair growth mechanisms. Also, by perforating the skin, any topical products you're using will get better absorbed, making them more effective.
Hygiene - Obviously if you're sticking hundreds of needles into your head, you need to be careful! You must keep a dermaroller meticulously clean.
Needle length - A dermaroller with longer needles will penetrate deeper and carry a greater risk of infection or excessive skin trauma.
The needles can get snagged in your hair and pull it out.
Since needles and injections immediately make you think of medical procedures, you might think that dermarollers and microneedling are anything but natural hair loss remedies. However, bear in mind that the skin repair and hair growth mechanisms they induce, certainly are natural.
So, whilst a dermaroller might risk snagging your hair and pulling out more than you're trying to grow, simply pressing a comb into your scalp definitely won't. And, since everyone already has a comb, if this idea really works, then you've basically got yourself a completely free and totally natural remedy for hair loss.
Note: A comb probably won't increase absorption of any hair loss product, but it will increase scalp circulation for a while. Also, you have to be careful - if you press too hard and for too long you might make the skin raw and could even cause bleeding.
Learn more about using dermaroller products for hair loss?
Over the years, various types of scalp massage have become traditional folk remedies for hair loss. And it does make sense that something which can improve scalp circulation should also improve hair growth. So that's why, when many people start thinking about natural hair loss remedies, some form of scalp massage immediately springs to mind.
Magnet therapy can also increase scalp circulation to some extent, albeit in a different way - magnet therapy does it through ionization by magnetic induction (IMI), whereas scalp massage obviously uses physical manipulation.
But are magnets or scalp massage products really that effective as natural hair loss remedies? And what combined effect might they have when used together? Read my scalp massager and magnet therapy review to find out.
Many traditional hair loss remedies involve the use of gravity. The idea is, of course, to invert (or partially invert) so that gravity will assist the flow of blood to your scalp. A slightly strange idea perhaps, but let's face it, you don't see many bald bats, right? So, hanging around upside down might just be worth a go.
Several exercises exist (you can probably think up a few of your own too). But, shoulder stands (either with or without a wall to prop yourself up) are probably the fastest way to increase scalp circulation.
Other, less extreme versions that don't require the same degree of strength, flexibility and balance include simply lying on your back and lifting your legs up against a wall.
Natural hair loss remedies that use gravity are popular because they're very easy to perform and completely free. However, you can also buy special chairs or tables that are pivoted so you can spend much more time inverted.
1. Decrease in stress levels - Hair loss can sometimes be stress-related. So, since exercise is fun (right?) it should help relieve any type of stress you suffer which might be making your hair loss worse. Of course, you have to get the balance right. Very strenuous physical exercise might actually increase rather than decrease your stress levels. Clearly then, moderation and enjoyment are the keys to success. Exactly how much success you get obviously depends upon how large a role stress plays in the hair loss you have.
2. Increasing blood supply to the hair follicles - Aerobic exercise will increase your breathing rate, heart rate and blood pressure. All of which means more oxygen getting absorbed by your lungs, more blood pumping around your body, and improved circulation. And that also means more nutrients will get delivered to your scalp - something which can only help with hair growth.
3. Burning calories - If you burn off excess calories, that should mean fewer get converted into saturated fat. And since testosterone is manufactured from fat and cholesterol, that will also mean a decrease in testosterone* and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production as well.
4. Lower testosterone and DHT levels - Studies have shown that endurance (aerobic) exercise can reduce testosterone* levels which, in turn, should mean less DHT and less hair loss too.
* Testosterone and DHT relate to hair loss caused by androgenetic alopecia (male and female pattern baldness).
Note: heavy weight bearing (anaerobic) exercise will increase testosterone and DHT levels. That's why bodybuilding has been linked to hair loss. Basically, DHT encourages both muscle and bone growth. And this bone growth also includes certain bones of the skull in those men and women with the genetic link to hair loss. Learn how skull bone growth causes hair loss.
It might sound bonkers, but red light can stimulate faster hair growth. And that's the reason why laser hair loss therapy has had some success.
Now you might think that shining bright red lights onto your head (be they lasers or LEDs) doesn't sound much like natural hair loss remedies. But, there's no doubt that bathing ourselves in at least some sunlight every day is natural and healthy. So really it's just a question of whether extra exposure to the red end of the spectrum is beneficial or not. The fact that red light can speed up hair growth strongly suggests it is. However, lasers obviously aren't natural. So that's something which might lean you away from lasers and towards LEDs. But, then again, intense red light in any form doesn't occur naturally either.
There's also a real complexity to light therapy, and a balancing act you need to get right - something which can be difficult, as indicated by some very mixed results and reviews. So, perhaps it's not really surprising that the idea of using laser therapy for hair loss has raised many doubts for a lot of people.
Personally, from the research I've done, I don't see why there should be any real difference between using laser light and any other red light source. So I'd say that, if you're interested in using red light to tackle your hair loss, trying something that's a lot less expensive than laser therapy and much safer too, is worth thinking about.
Make sure you do some thorough research first though. Like I said, using red light for hair loss is complicated. Some of the things you need to research include: coherence, divergence, fluence, power level and wavelength.
However, if all that sounds a bit daunting, the good news is that you can quickly learn about all these things simply by reading my laser hair loss treatment review and HairMax LaserComb review.
You should quite easily be able to get hold of bike lights or LEDs with technical specifications that approximate to those used in laser hair loss therapy (wavelength 650 nanometers, power level 5 milliwatts, etc).
Good luck if you give this idea, or any of the other natural hair loss remedies on this page a go.
Note: before trying any of the natural hair loss remedies on this page, you should first consult with a doctor to find out what type of hair loss you have and which remedies might be best for you to try.
"I'm very pleased with the results, my hair loss has stopped and there has been some regrowth so thank you very much."


text:
package es.udc.fic.acs.infmsb01.atm.bank.model.processor.action;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.management.InstanceNotFoundException;

import es.udc.fic.acs.infmsb01.atm.bank.model.dao.BankDAO;
import es.udc.fic.acs.infmsb01.atm.bank.model.session.BankSession;
import es.udc.fic.acs.infmsb01.atm.common.model.dao.to.StateName;
import es.udc.fic.acs.infmsb01.atm.common.model.exception.BadAccountException;
import es.udc.fic.acs.infmsb01.atm.common.model.exception.BadCreditCardException;
import es.udc.fic.acs.infmsb01.atm.common.model.exception.InvalidStateException;
import es.udc.fic.acs.infmsb01.atm.common.model.message.DataRequestMessage;
import es.udc.fic.acs.infmsb01.atm.common.model.message.DataResponseMessage;

public abstract class DataRequestBankPersistenceAction extends
		BankPersistenceAction {

	public DataRequestBankPersistenceAction(boolean transactional) {
		super(transactional);
	}

	@Override
	public final Object execute(Connection connection)
			throws InvalidStateException, SQLException, BadCreditCardException,
			InstanceNotFoundException, BadAccountException, IOException,
			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {

		DataRequestMessage message = (DataRequestMessage) getMessage();
		BankSession bs = (BankSession) getSession();

		if (bs != null) {
			bs.acceptDataMessage();

			if (bs.getContextState().getStateName()
					.equals(StateName.RECOVERINGMESSAGES)) {

				try {
					// check whether response is already prepared
					DataResponseMessage drm = bs.getResponse(message);

					if (drm != null) {
						getTransport().send(drm);
						return message;
					}

				} catch (ClassCastException e) {

				}
			}

			return doExecute(connection);
		}

		return insertLogMessage(connection);

	}

	private Object insertLogMessage(Connection connection) throws SQLException,
			IOException {

		BankDAO dao = new BankDAO();

		dao.insertLogMessage(getMessage(), connection);

		return getMessage();

	}

	protected abstract Object doExecute(Connection connection)
			throws SQLException, BadCreditCardException,
			InstanceNotFoundException, BadAccountException, IOException,
			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException;

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We would be happy to answer any questions. If we are not able to answer your call, feel free to leave a message and we will get back to you as soon as possible.
If you would like to know our location, you can use our interactive map and it will provide you with best directions on how to find us.


text:
// Copyright (c) 2012 Ecma International.  All rights reserved.
// Ecma International makes this code available under the terms and conditions set
// forth on http://hg.ecmascript.org/tests/test262/raw-file/tip/LICENSE (the
// "Use Terms").   Any redistribution of this code must retain the above
// copyright and this notice and otherwise comply with the Use Terms.

/*---
es5id: 15.2.3.7-6-a-312
description: >
    Object.defineProperties - 'O' is an Arguments object, 'P' is
    generic own accessor property of 'O', test TypeError is thrown
    when updating the [[Enumerable]] attribute value of 'P' which is
    not configurable (10.6 [[DefineOwnProperty]] step 4)
includes: [propertyHelper.js]
---*/

var arg = (function () {
    return arguments;
}(1, 2, 3));

function setFun(value) {
    arg.genericPropertyString = value;
}
Object.defineProperty(arg, "genericProperty", {
    set: setFun,
    enumerable: true,
    configurable: false
});

try {
    Object.defineProperties(arg, {
        "genericProperty": {
            enumerable: false
        }
    });

    $ERROR("Expected an exception.");
} catch (e) {
    verifyWritable(arg, "genericProperty", "genericPropertyString");

    verifyEnumerable(arg, "genericProperty");

    verifyNotConfigurable(arg, "genericProperty");

    if (!(e instanceof TypeError)) {
        $ERROR("Expected TypeError, got " + e);
    }

}


For information about Pokemon Ultra Sun and Moon, click below. Pokemon Ultra Sum and Moon Guide Wiki This article contains information for the Fresh Snow Pokémon Glaceon in Pokémon Sun and Moon.
Eevolutions and the New Starters from Moon and Sun leafeon, rowler, flareon, litten, vaporeon, popplio, pokemon . Visit. Discover ideas about Popplio Pokemon. Pokemon - Eevolutions & Starters from Moon and Sun: Leafeon & Rowler, Flareon & Litten, Vaporeon & Popplio.


text:
Business In Other News 17 Sep 2019 TRAI seeks views on maximum duration for phone calls to ring
TRAI seeks views on maximum duration for phone calls to ring
Published : Sep 17, 2019, 9:17 am IST
Updated : Sep 17, 2019, 9:17 am IST
This may, in turn, impact the pattern of outgoing and incoming Minutes of Usage (MoU) on Point of Interconnection.
The deadline for statekholders comments has been fixed for September 30, 2019 and counter comments, if any, by October 07.
New Delhi: Telecom regulator Trai has sought the industry's views to discover appropriate duration for a call to ring in a bid to ensure optimal usage of network and spectrum resources.
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India's (Trai) latest discussion paper on 'Duration of alert for the called party' will also explore the "possibility of customisation of ringing duration" by the phone users, according to a statement.
"The objective of this consultation paper is to discover values for duration of ringing which should be configured by all the telecommunication service providers to force release calls in case no answer condition persists beyond the given duration," the regulator said.
The paper also seeks inputs on appropriate measures to be taken in this regard.
In telecommunication networks, ring tone is used to alert the called party about an incoming call, but a fine balance has to be struck giving suitable time for caller to pick a call and optimal utilisation of network resources.
"Configuration of duration of ringing time on lower side might save network resources but it may cause concerns related to network performances and customer experience if duration is much lower than the typical time one takes to answer the call," Trai said.
This may, in turn, impact the pattern of outgoing and incoming Minutes of Usage (MoU) on Point of Interconnection (PoI).
"Keeping in view the impact of ring duration on quality of service experience and network performances, it is important to discover the appropriate values," it added.
Tags: trai, phone calls, rings, duration, spectrum


text:
Q: Unnecessary download when upgrading to 16.10 I'm currently using 16.04 LTS and would like to upgrade to 16.10. Download size is 3.2GB for me. When I looked into the "to be upgraded" packages, there's 0ad game.
Currently on 16.04, its version is 0.0.20 (alpha 20) and no newer version is released yet. So, why is this large package (~1.5GB) listed in "upgrade" package list? (Question 1)
Question 2: If I hold this package (using apt-mark hold), can I play the game when I finished upgrading to 16.10?

A: Maybe new versions haven't been released, but the package did get a bump:

*

*xenial (16.04LTS) (games): Real-time strategy game of ancient warfare [universe]
0.0.20-1: amd64 arm64 armhf i386

*yakkety (16.10) (games): Real-time strategy game of ancient warfare [universe]
0.0.20-3: amd64 arm64 armhf i386

The changelog has this to say:
0ad (0.0.20-3) unstable; urgency=medium

  * Add debian/patches/fix-gcc6-segfault.patch to fix spidermonkey segfault
    when built with gcc6. (Closes: #835176)
  * Temporarily disable test suite on arm64 to fix arch-specific FTBFS.
  * Call dh_strip --dbgsym-migration to cleanly migrate from the old -dbg
    package to -dbgsym.

 -- Vincent Cheng <vcheng@debian.org>  Wed, 07 Sep 2016 22:44:22 -0700

0ad (0.0.20-2) unstable; urgency=medium

  * Team upload.
  * Drop 0ad-dbg package and use the automatic -dbgsym package instead.
  * d/rules: Remove override for dh_builddeb because xz is the default
    compression.
  * Declare compliance with Debian Policy 3.9.8.
  * Build-depend on python and fix FTBFS.
    Thanks to Lucas Nussbaum for the report. (Closes: #832870)
  * Ensure that 0ad can be built twice in a row by updating dh_auto_clean
    target. Thanks to Peter Green for the patch.

 -- Markus Koschany <apo@debian.org>  Sun, 21 Aug 2016 04:54:55 +0200

0ad (0.0.20-1) unstable; urgency=medium

  * New upstream release.
    - Drop build-dep on libjpeg-dev.
    - Refresh patches.
  * Remove debian/menu file as per tech-ctte decision in #741573.
  * Update Standards version to 3.9.7, no changes required.
  * Update jQuery/JavaScript related lintian overrides.

 -- Vincent Cheng <vcheng@debian.org>  Sun, 03 Apr 2016 19:42:21 -0700

I suppose none of the changes affect gameplay, and your method might work. I'm not sure of that, though.


I love this honey. It adds a great flavor to my tea.
This is the first time I've tried a creamed honey spread and I just love it. I will continue to order this in future. The creamy smoothness on toast is just right.
I couldn't be more pleased with the texture and taste of the creamed honey. Iv been dipping my spoon in the jar all day. I also Ordered the Apricot creamed honey which is just as lovely. A little pricey on the shipping and the honey itself isn't a modest amount but I must admit...I'm definitely rebuying. Honey lovers will be delighted.
I buy a jar of this whenever I cross the border into Washington state and savour it until the next time I can make the trip! Perfect consistency and amazing flavour every time.
This creamed honey is absolutely delicious. So creamy and melt- in- your mouth rich and honryful!!!! Will be buying again and again.


text:
The 2015–16 San Diego Toreros men's basketball team represented the University of San Diego during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. This was head coach Lamont Smith's first season at San Diego.  The Toreros competed in the West Coast Conference and played their home games at the Jenny Craig Pavilion. They finished the season 9–21, 4–14 in WCC play to finish in last place. They lost in the first round of the WCC tournament to Loyola Marymount.

Previous season
The Toreros finished the season 15–16, 8–10 in WCC play to finish in fifth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the WCC tournament to Pepperdine.

Departures

Recruits class of 2015

Roster

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#002654; color:#97CAFF;"| Exhibition

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#002654; color:#97CAFF;"| Non-conference regular season

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#002654; color:#97CAFF;"| WCC regular season

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#002654;"| WCC tournament

See also
2015–16 San Diego Toreros women's basketball team

References

San Diego Toreros men's basketball seasons
San Diego

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The country is divided in three regions – Brussels Capital with 19 municipalities, Flanders with 5 provinces and 308 municipalities, Wallonia with 5 provinces and 262 municipalities. The municipality is the closest authority to the citizens and enjoys a large autonomy, under the supervision of the regions. The municipalities are responsible for public order, civil status, population registry and social aid. They are also competent in public works, housing and education.
There are a total of 10 provinces, which are autonomous, under the supervision of superior public bodies. They are competent in social order and everything in provincial interest.
In the forthcoming elections all adults registered in the respective municipality before 31st of July having civil and political rights can participate. Residents of other countries can also vote, but only in municipal elections. For non-European citizens and additional requirement of 5 years of residence is in place.
Finally, an interesting practice can be mentioned: during the Election Day, there is a promotional campaign for organs donation. The electoral administrations in place will provide information and special declarations to all interested voters.


The Deer Park Kiwanis Club and WinterFest Planning Committee are pleased to announce that the entry form for the popular WinterFest Outhouse Race is now available. Also, participants for the WinterFest Frostbite 5K footrace can now enter on-line for this year's event. Forms and on-line links are provided below. As entry forms for the WinterFest Volleyball and Chess Tournaments become available, they will be posted here.
WinterFest 2019 is on January 19, 2019 at Deer Park High School. Hope to see you there!


text:
"Looks like old Biff" - reactions to Donald Trump's new hair comb-over
a month ago 113 views by Claudio Leng
- President of the USA, Donald Trump, has become synonymous with his unique toupee
- The controversial head of state is never far from news headlines and made waves as he sported a new look
- The new hairdo started a social media frenzy with many unsure on whether he looks better or worse
President of the USA, Donald Trump, has become known for his direct, brash and controversial views.
Another thing he is well known for, is his mop of hair.
Trump has traditionally sported the same unique toupee for years, but is now sporting a new look.
READ ALSO: TS Galaxy rocked as head coach's son dies days after Mbamba's funeral
At the ripe old age of 72, Trump has traded in his renowned bouffant for a comb-over.
Following an unscheduled stop at a church, the US head of state was pictured with a more traditional hairstyle.
The new look has caused a stir via social media – many gave the hairstyle the stamp of approval, while others weren't impressed.
READ ALSO: TS Galaxy's Mbamba laid to rest and club president pays tribute
Comparisons were drawn between Trump and one of the characters from the 'Back to the Future' movie franchise.
Some tweeps were raving about the "normal" look, but couldn't understand why he hasn't applied this approach long ago.
Enjoyed reading our story? Download BRIEFLY's news app on Google Play now and stay up-to-date with major South African news!
South Africa Latest NewsMzansi Latest News
Shona Ferguson pearl monama sjava umqhele Natasha Thahane biography a-reece
TS Galaxy rocked as head coach's son dies days after Mbamba's funeral


text:
Fire in Quebec seniors' residence leaves dozens homeless
Police say no one was injured in the blaze in Trois-Pistoles, about 4 1/2 hours northeast of Montreal. The fire was reported around 2 a.m. Sunday morning.
TROIS-PISTOLES, Que. — Dozens of people are without a home after a seniors' residence was destroyed by fire in Quebec's Bas-Saint-Laurent region early Sunday morning.
Quebec provincial police say the fire was first reported around 2 a.m. in the building in Trois-Pistoles, some 250 kilometres northeast of Quebec City.
Sgt. Beatrice Dorsainville says all of the 70 or so residents were evacuated safely and none were injured.
However, they will not be able to return to their units, and officials are currently looking for other places to house them.
A police investigation is underway and experts have been sent to the scene in order to determine the origins of the blaze.
Police say they aren't excluding the possibility of arson.
Québec solidaire's Catherine Dorion bounces into 2020 with trampoline video  A decade of upheaval in Quebec politics: Religion, corruption, the CAQ,...


text:
👉 Why do ppl fall out of love game?
Why do ppl fall out of love game?
Asked By: Neva Fisher
Date created: Sun, Jul 25, 2021 4:00 PM
Video answer: Matt le tissier: 'why i'm falling out of love with football'
FAQ. Those who are looking for an answer to the question «Why do ppl fall out of love game?» often ask the following questions
Video answer: 5 ways to restore your love of video games
Those who are looking for an answer to the question «Why do ppl fall out of love game?» often ask the following questions:
👉 Why do ppl fall in love?
ppl fall in love bcuz of deep feelings they have for each other.
Why do ppl fall out of love story?
Why do ppl love game of thrones?
How do actors kiss and not fall in love?
👉 How to make ppl fall in love?
How To Make A Player Fall In Love With You Tip #1 – Create That Friendship He's Going to Fall in Love With. If you are serious about landing this player for keeps, you will have to give him a solid friendship first. This teaches him to respect you on a higher level and not just as a womanizer looking to catch his next prey. Take a genuine interest in his life. Ask him about his family, hopes and dreams and, of course, about his interests and hobbies. Make sure you don't get ...
How do black ppl fall in love with white?
How do black ppl fall in love with white guys?
How do black ppl fall in love with white men?
👉 Why do ppl fall out of love?
Why Do People Fall Out of Love? All relationships face hurdles that stretch their resources.. There is almost nothing more tragic for intimate partners...
How do black ppl fall in love with white people?
How do black ppl fall in love with white women?
How do you make a dentist fall in love with you?
Video answer: John coleman: i'm falling out of love with football
Answered by Ludwig Gerhold on Sun, Jul 25, 2021 10:29 PM
The researchers theorize that this response evolved to prevent accidentally becoming sexually attracted to relatives, while at the same time guiding us to fall in love with long-term mates who are ...
Answered by Reanna Harvey on Mon, Jul 26, 2021 12:27 AM
The hormonal reactions aren't limited to romantic love, however. "Viewing pictures of beauty, nature, a loved one, [or even] your beloved pet, can cause us to feel relaxed or produce loving emotions, releasing oxytocin in the bloodstream," he explained, noting that oxytocin is regarded as the "love hormone." Why Some People Find Love More Easily
Answered by Danial Ward on Mon, Jul 26, 2021 1:47 AM
If only one answers in the affirmative, I know that serious trouble is on the horizon. Why? Because once you fall out of love, it is hard to fall back in. It is not impossible, but it is improbable.
Answered by Blaise Weber on Mon, Jul 26, 2021 3:43 AM
More than half of participants (57 percent) indicated that enhancing their self-esteem was a motive for their cheating. Out of anger. This was not the most commonly cited reason, but anger played ...
Answered by Dorothea Will on Mon, Jul 26, 2021 4:15 AM
They found that feelings of love lead to a suppression of activity in the areas of the brain controlling critical thought. So, once we feel close to a person, our brain decides that it's not necessary to assess their character or personality too deeply. 6. The love you have is unrealistic.
Answered by Gladys Weber on Mon, Jul 26, 2021 10:26 AM
Anger-motivated infidelity can happen for reasons other than revenge, though, including: frustration in a relationship when your partner doesn't seem to understand you or your needs. anger at a ...
Answered by Louisa Funk on Mon, Jul 26, 2021 12:50 PM
Ranger has spirits (Unique), druid has 10 target long duration might. giving a common boon like might is not op, spirits/spotter can be brought by any ranger (if must, not optimal). So druid is pretty close to fall out of raids. (and for one perspective, it is good.
Answered by Margaretta Sanford on Mon, Jul 26, 2021 3:18 PM
Just be careful you don't make yourself totally unavailable or he will lose interest. Play this pointer right and you will make him fall head over heels in love with you! Tip #5 – Show Him Your Confidence. When you are looking to make a player fall in love with you, it's vital you step up to the plate and show him how confident you are.
Answered by Delilah Rempel on Mon, Jul 26, 2021 8:53 PM
Unfortunately, despite their best curtain-hanging and chandelier-swinging efforts, many contestants do fall into the lava.
Answered by Ignacio Corwin on Tue, Jul 27, 2021 12:21 AM
They might push your buttons to get an emotional reaction out of you because they want to exploit it as weakness. They have no respect for you or your boundaries. There are plenty of theories why...
We've handpicked 24 related questions for you, similar to «Why do ppl fall out of love game?» so you can surely find the answer!
Why do ppl love love song quora mp3?
We're attracted to music for the same reason we're attracted to fire: it's been a critical survival tool for us for hundreds of thousands of years. image via Wikimedia commons Music cognition is one of the first high-level brain functions to emerg...
Why do ppl love love song quora roblox id?
How does in game advertising increase game revenue?
Since the completion rate is very high, mobile game publishers can get high eCPMs. That ultimately increases their in-game advertising revenue. This ad format is known for its high view rates and highly engaged players. On the flip side, there is a possibility that the players don't even glance at the ad content but only wait for the loot.
Is the traffic jam game a chess game?
Although the Traffic Jam game appears simple at first, it does involve some serious problem solving and critical thinking. Players must think ahead to see how each of their choices plays out, which is the same style of thinking you would use when playing chess.
Which pokemon game had best post game content?
Are there any post game content for Pokemon?
Here's the very best post-game Pokémon content, ranked! The Pokémon franchise is well known for providing players with some great post-game content. In fact, the one time Nintendo/Game Freak didn't add much post-game content (Pokémon: Black & White) fans made their displeasure known.
Are cps schools closed friday fall?
CHICAGO PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 42 W. Madison Street Chicago, IL 60602 773-553-1000 © 2021 Chicago Public Schools | 1.0.7922 | C3
Did cps just cancel fall sports?
Did CPS just cancel fall sports? ... It appears that CPS is going to opt out of fall sports, but the announcement wasn't exactly definitive. Early in the press conference, Ald. Michael Scott Jr. (24th) said his children all play sports and "their seasons have been canceled…
Video answer: Alessia cara
Does bids fall under ad group?
Your ad group default bids are used when there aren't more specific bids that apply. For example, if you set a different bid for one of your keywords, that bid will be used (instead of any ad group default bid) whenever that keyword triggers your ad to appear.
Does budget fall under ad group?
Google AdWords gives you the ability to set daily budgets for different groups of ads… Daily budgets are set at the campaign level, so if you want to set budgets for each group, you will need to ensure there is only one ad group within each campaign.
Does keywords fall under ad groups?
Keywords: Keywords will fall under each ad group, and are very important to controlling the way your ad is triggered. When someone types in the search box in Google, that search is called a "search query," which is then matched with a keyword, which then triggers an ad.
Video answer: Game of thrones; or the pain of falling out of love with a…
When cps start school fall 2018?
Always an exciting time when CPS releases the next school year calendar. Here are some of the important dates for the 2018-2019 CPS school year: First Day of School – 9/4/18, Last Day of School – 6/18/19.
When do fall tv shows return?
Series: "Hawkeye" Net: Disney+ Premiere Date: Wednesday, Nov. 24 Time: N/A. Series: "The Witcher" Net: Netflix Premiere Date: Friday, Dec. 17 Time: N/A. Read …
When does cps start 2018 fall?
Always an exciting time when CPS releases the next school year calendar. Here are some of the important dates for the 2018-2019 CPS school year: First Day of School - 9/4/18, Last Day of School - 6/18/19 Academic Quarters - Q1 - 11/1/18, Q2 - 1/31/19, Q3 - 4/4/19, Q4 - 6/18/19 Parent Teacher Conference Days - 11/14/18 (ES), 11/15/18 (HS), 4/10/19 (ES),…
When is cps called the fall?
A common misconception is that a CPS investigation means your child is going to be taken away. While it does happen, a call to CPS is not a guarantee of anything. So, what does happen when CPS is called? The Call. When CPS receives a report or tip, it must first determine whether or not an investigation is needed.
Will cps require masks this fall?
Chicago Public Schools students and staff will still be required to wear face coverings at schools this fall regardless of their vaccination status, officials announced Thursday.
1400 ad game?
"This set of rules is intended as a game system, by which the players can reproduce most types of siege warfare during the period covered. It is open-ended, in that the players may design their own conflicts, with variations in unit type, siege machinery, and fortifications. Many extra counters of different types are included, from cavalry to early cannons.
Ad libs game?
Fun, exciting, strange–the ad-lib can speak for the man himself, on a surface level. It's almost impossible to make this noise the way Chance does for seemingly anyone but Chance himself. Now there's a way to make sure that your signature remains yours.
Click button game?
Button clicker idle game. Welcome to Button Clicker. Button Clicker. 0. Click Button
Video answer: Alessia cara explains "out of love"
Gardenscapes ad game?
Welcome to Gardenscapes—the first hit from Playrix's Scapes™ series! Solve match-3 puzzles to restore a wonderful garden to its former glory! Embark on an adventurous journey: beat match-3 levels, restore and decorate different areas in the garden, get to the bottom of the secrets it holds, and enjoy the company of amusing in-game characters, including Austin, your butler!
In love with this track.. - why do ppl fake love?
Yejeone niga jal algo issdeon naega. Anigin mwoga anya nan nun meoreosseo. Sarangeun mwoga sarang It's all fake love. (Woo) I dunno I dunno I dunno why. (Woo) nado nal nado nal jal moreugesseo. (Woo) I just know I just know I just know why. Cuz its all Fake Love Fake Love Fake Love.
Video answer: Which terrible video game do you love?


NO TAX CUT MIRACLE: Think Reagan's tax cuts were a boon to the economy and budgets? Read on.
Ernest Dumas writes this week on a favorite but still useful topic — the myth of tax cuts for the wealthy as an economic stimulus. There's no record of it.
Dumas notes that Arkansas hasn't moved as brashly as some Republican states to slash taxes and what improvement our economy has to show can be linked not to tax cuts but the massive infusion of federal dollars through the Obama stimulus and, then particularly, Obamacare in the Medicaid expansion.
See Louisiana and Kansas for the disastrous impact of improvident tax-cutting.
Oh, and don't try to talk about Reagan. His column is worth reading, if facts matter to you. It followsL They don't matter to Arkansas Republican legislators, who are spoiling to hand out more alms to the wealthy.
Brookings Institution economists have taken a fresh look at the effect that tax cuts for high earners have on economic growth and jobs, 35 years after Jude Wanniski and Arthur Laffer persuaded Ronald Reagan and Jack Kemp that it would be nothing short of spectacular.
Here's a shocker: It turns out that the effect is the same as it was then, none. That has been true when the federal government tested it and the results have been the same when state governments tried it.
But faith in such a simple and rosy theory doesn't die easily. Republican candidates for president promise that they will make it work and a sizable element of the congressional party, not merely the "freedom caucus," say they will get it done if they get control of the executive branch.
Despite the cataclysmic results of drastic tax-cutting experiments in the nearby and economically similar states of Kansas and Louisiana, the Arkansas legislature set out on the same course when the GOP took control of the legislature in 2013 and again this year. Legislators were respectful enough of their new governor, who was wary of plunging the state into a fiscal crisis in his first two years, that it did not get too far out of hand.
But Hutchinson joined the euphoria about the impact that income-tax rate cuts would have. People are going to pick up stakes and leave California, Massachusetts and Connecticut to enjoy Arkansas's lower taxes, they said.
It was an absurd notion. When you factor the loss of federal deductions from the old, higher tax rates, the tax savings from the rate cuts will be hardly noticeable for an Arkansas taxpayer, and for a transient Californian the greater tax transfer to the IRS by moving to Arkansas would eliminate the incentive to move simply for tax purposes.
Even a casual review of tax history, both nationally and in Arkansas, ought to explode the myth that tax cuts for high incomes produce big growth and a flood of jobs, but the siren song never loses its allure. I've written that before, and there always is a chorus, "What about the big Reagan tax cuts of 1981?" The revisionist history is that Reagan inherited a jobless rate of 10.8 percent from Jimmy Carter, slashed taxes and spending and sent the economy on a stratospheric binge of growth.
Here's the real history. A mild recession in Carter's last year raised unemployment well above 7 percent and it had declined to 7.4 percent when Reagan took office. Congress quickly cut spending as Reagan asked and passed the giant Kemp-Roth tax bill. The economy fell into recession and the jobless rate was above 10 percent from September 1982 through July 1983, still the longest and steepest recession since World War II.
Revisionists might take the word of Martin Feldstein, Reagan's chief economist, and Doug Elmendorf, former director of the Congressional Budget Office, whose study found that the 1981 tax cuts had virtually no net impact on growth and jobs.
Who knows whether the results would have been different had Reagan not gotten Congress to raise taxes five times over the next seven years to try to stanch the flow of red ink? Champions of the old supply-side nostrum are free to claim that they would have.
Then you had George W. Bush's three rounds of tax cuts, 2001-03. No one now will claim that Bush was right when he proclaimed that he was "unleashing" the American economy. Tax rates on capital gains, ordinary income, dividends and estates were all slashed and they produced the most sluggish period in 70 years.
Stretch it over a longer history and compare us with the European democracies. Between 1960 and 2012 the top income tax rate in the United States fell by more than 40 percentage points and the country grew by 2 percent per capita, the same rate as Germany and Denmark, which kept their high marginal rates.
Some dozen states have cut personal or corporate income taxes significantly since 1992 but only those favored in the financial boom or the oil and gas production boom (New Mexico and Oklahoma) experienced a net gain in their employment share over the period.
Kansas and Louisiana are our role models. Governors Sam Brownback and Bobby Jindal came into office promising to take axes to the states's tax systems. Brownback said his tax cuts,which heavily slashed rates on high incomes, would be "like a shot of adrenaline into the heart of the Kansas economy." Kansas would point the way for the whole country. Jindal also planned to mount a campaign for the presidency on his incredible growth record in Louisiana.
You know what happened—plummeting tax receipts, sharp cuts in public services to avert illegal deficits and finally, this year, major tax increases begged by both flailing and intensely unpopular governors.
The most familiar scenario is that when states pull themselves out of the fiscal holes created by big tax cuts the new taxes fall heavily on low- and middle-income wage earners and not the well-to-do who were favored with the tax cuts. That's what happened in Kansas and Louisiana. Jindal also won the wrath of Louisianans, including Republican lawmakers, by insisting that no one call them tax increases.
Arkansas, as yet, has not been as rash as Brownback or Jindal, but if the worst still happens in 2017 the Republican authors already have an explanation. Obamacare did it.