Work Groups are sub-committees established in terms of the NAMF Constitution to deliberate on and advice the Management Committee on service delivery and representation (advocacy) in designated interests areas of the industry. It comprises of 3-4 members of metal fabrication industry stakeholders, and is convened quarterly by the designated Chairperson. The Work Groups will be assisted by the Industry Growth Facilitator, Mr. Sam Geiseb in the execution of this responsibility.
Investigation of options for establishing a cost-effective buying house (implement if viable).
Establish a warehousing platform for the Metal Fabrication industry.
Market studies for new product lines.
Increase in government procurement of locally produced goods.
Market Share Promotion Scheme for metal fabrication industry.
Simon N. Shaninga (Carbon Twelve Mechanical Design cc).
Convener: Mr Festus Nuunyango at +264811242787 or Sam Geiseb (IGF) at +264813659122.
Establishment of the viability of secondary processing stage (feasibility studies for decoiling, advance cutting facilities and galvanization plants).
Expert audits of production processes and technologies.
Streamlined access (short-term) to foreign skills.
Inclusion of the metal fabrication industry as a beneficiary of the Industrial Upgrading and Modernization Programme (IUMP).
Streamlined application process for the manufacturing status.
Convener: Mr Himarua at +26481811247725 or Sam Geiseb (IGF) at +264813659122.
Development of national quality standards and certification requirements for the metal fabrication industry.
Convener: Mr. Tjazamo at +264812346946 or Sam Geiseb (IGF) at +264813659122.
The Namibian Association of Metal Fabrication (NAMF) is a voluntary association that exists to represent, promote and grow the interests of its members, legally involved in the value chain of Namibia's metal fabrication industry.


As has been well chronicled on this web site, all is not well with the commodity complex. For a wealthy, developed nation Canada has a heavy reliance on primary industry. Canada is one of the few remaining AAA rated sovereigns credits. Canada is a 1st world country with a 3rd world currency. Much has to do with the high correlation with oil, it has always been high at 0.80, but has been running at 0.94 of late.
Combined, the Oil & Gas and Mining & Metals sectors make up 35% of the stock market in Canada, versus 16% in the US. Both Canada's population and economy are about 1/10th of the US (34.75mm & $1.5tln respectively) and trade flows run predominantly North/South, 73% of exports and 63% of imports are with Uncle Sam.
"Just Like The States" is a compliment old timers still use for a job well done and approx. 85% of Canada's 34.75mm people live within 100 miles (165 km for the bulk of the world on the metric system) of the US border. Canada's unemployment rate stands at 7% (all US states are below 7% with the whole a low 5 handle) yet there is a high degree of regional disparity, with some in the double digits. There are only 4 cities in Canada with populations >1mm (Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary and Montreal).
The oil downdraft has had the largest effect on Alberta and the situation is not likely to improve in the near term. Much of the pipeline infrastructure focus has been on southbound KeyStone XL – Stage 4 which has been blocked by Obama (will Trump want naming rights to approve?). Part of the solution to the oil conundrum will be improving the mobility of trade across Provincial borders, with the added advantage of being able to settle in Canadian dollars. Justin Trudeau has arrived in the Prime Minister role (centerfold actually), bringing the Liberal party back to power with great fanfare and has promised spending of C$60bln over 10 years on infrastructure, with a front-end weighting. A portion of the infrastructure spend with likely be on critical intra-Canada linkages. While there are less viable road and rail options for this purpose, the Energy East pipeline and Trans Mountain pipeline twinning project are the two major proposed pipeline projects taking Alberta oil both East and West (in higher volume) respectively. New environmental hurdles have raised questions about the governments support for the pipelines, but in the end they make too much economic sense to not advance. This improved infrastructure would reduce and potentially eliminate the reliance on imported oil, which costs Canada > $20bln per annum. Venezuela and Nigeria are both on the watch list for major civil unrest in 2016, largely due to the swoon in oil prices. Canada also imports oil from the US (roughly 1/2 of the 630k bbl per day imported versus Canada's 2.7mm bbl a day habit), Norway and the UK. Azerbaijan, requesting $4bln in aid this week is the canary in the oil well. Brazil and South Africa (who just hikes short rates by 50bp to 6.75% yesterday to put a finger in the ZAR dyke yesterday), are also markets to watch for 2106.
The structural decline of the auto segment in Canada is a much tougher nut and there is almost no degree of currency depreciation that can bring production back above the 49th parallel. The first wave of market share losses were dolled out by manufacturers establishing non-union plants in the Southern US States. More recently, Mexico has been growing significantly, no longer hampered by a perceived product quality gap. Canada's unit automobile production (centred in Ontario) is down to 2.3mm unit per annum which is 24% below peak levels (99′).
No export discussion can leave out China. The Chinese Renminbi broke into the top 5 payment currencies in 2015, displacing the Canadian Dollar (CAD) to 6th rank. China had held the Yuan (CNY) steady in the face of significant easing by most of its trading partners up until August 2015 and still gained 3% world export share (to 13% from 10%). Read: China does not need a cheaper currency to be competitive. On the capital flight question, how much would China have to devalue the currency by to dissuade those so inclined from moving? A lot is the answer, hence the worries of a 10-15% de-valuation by China is overblown. There will likely be modest depreciation versus the USD going forward (inside of 5%), and relatively sanguine fluctuations should be expected versus a basket of their trading partners (which is PBOC's eventual intent). China runs a very large current account surplus (2%+ of GDP on a US$10tln+ economy) and there will likely be a spike going forward as the rate of domestic investment will fall at a much faster pace than the savings rate falls. Flooding the global markets with industrial goods when protectionism is on the rise is not a formula for getting along, but get along we must.
Canada has a vast advantage over the US in two key areas. Corporate taxes are a full 13% lower than in the US. Canada has the most educated population in the OECD with 51% of adults aged 25-64 having finished post secondary education (OECD avg. 31%). Canada heavily subsidises education and the world class ranking of the top schools attracts many foreign students.
As a developed market, birth rates are modest at 1.6 children per woman (2.1 required for a stable population base), but Canada has a long standing immigration policy that ensures, at least from a demographic perspective, that Canada keeps growing. Immigration to Canada is 260,000 per year (US is 1mm, 10x would be 2.6mm), 0.74% of the country's population per annum (10% of those in the refugee category, 7% for the US). Life expectancy in Canada is 81.24 years versus 78.74 for the USA.
Canada is the 11th largest economy in the world, representing 2.9% of world GDP. Canada is home to 68 of the top 2000 companies in the world, for a tie for 5th with France.
Last week CAD and SGD, the Singapore Dollar traded at parity for the first time in 21 years, at 1.43 per USD. The commodity super cycle took CAD/SGD to near 1.60 over that 2 decade + period. Singapore has none of the resource riches that Canada boasts, yet is has largely through will, minimizing graft and superior execution created the largest financial centre in South East Asia. The parallels to North America are strong, Hong Kong is like New York, Singapore is like Toronto. Singapore is one of the largest shipping centres in the world, depending on metric of throughput or value Singapore is often #1 (currently #2 to Shanghai). Singapore recently displaced Tokyo as the 3rd largest global fx trading centre after London and New York. Singapore boast > 30,000 multinationals that run their regional treasury centres for Asia (and in many cases broadened to include Europe and MENA) from a Singapore base.
Faced with the opportunity Canada has at hand, Singapore would have a crack team of government officials on tactical missions to entice multinational firms to relocate to Canada. Based on corporate taxation differentials alone (-13%), tax inversions make abundant sense. The grass is greener on the other side largely because it is fertilized with bull*hit, but in Canada's case, the merits are largely beyond assail. The cash laden US tech sector in particular would be fertile with targets to entice to Canada's Silicon Valley, Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario. EDC, The Export Development Corporation of Canada, an Agent of her Majesty in right of Canada (AAA/Aaa) stands at the ready to insure global trade.
Resident of Canada's largest cities (Vancouver & Toronto) are admittedly over their skis with respect to residential property valuation at present (by 20% at Fitch's latest tally), but even a modicum of success in leading a migration north of corporate America would make it look dirt cheap 3-5 year out.


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12 Independent Women From Literature Who'd Make Great Valentines
Sometimes going stag is the way to go.
By Maddie Crum
HPMG
It's almost Valentine's Day! If the imminent approach of the world's least romantic holiday dedicated to romance isn't exclamation-worthy to you, know you're not alone.
Rebelling against the traditions tied to Feb. 14 seems to have become as popular as reveling in Russell Stover's-fueled giddiness. To help you out with your iconoclasm -- or at least your assertion of hard-won independence, we've compiled our very favorite fictional characters who are more than OK with striking out on their own.
Velvet from The Mare by Mary Gaitskill
Gaitskill's most recent novel is a departure from her earlier works, as it adds race to the already labyrinthine list of complex issues she confronts in her writing. The Mare is about a woman who becomes emotionally dependent on the Dominican girl she mentors, the fiery Velvet who's often distracted from her studies by boys and popular girls. Nevertheless, Velvet's boldness shines in the story; she asserts her independence by continually visiting her mentor's horse -- a sort of kindred spirit -- in spite of explicit orders from her mother.
Read our review of The Mare
Ruby from Ruby by Cynthia Bond
In spite of her deeply painful childhood and adolescence, Ruby Bell sets out to make a life for herself in New York City, relying not on love interests, but her own willpower, to distance herself from the abuses she's suffered. She flees her tiny East Texas hometown, but is called to return -- and quickly unravels. There's a love story embedded in Bond's tragic novel, but the romance shifts around a steady constant: Ruby's fraught history and admirable perseverance.
Elyria from Nobody is Ever Missing by Catherine Lacey
A woman prone to repressing her deepest, darkest emotions flees her comfortable life to hitchhike across New Zealand. Removing herself from the comforts provided by her husband, and her generally easy lifestyle, she gets in touch with her anger, passion and confusion, but loses her sense of who she truly is along the way.
Kirsten from Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel
When most of society was wiped out by a sort of mega-flu, Kirsten -- a girl among the somehow immune survivors -- was 8 years old. She was performing onstage as a child actress in "King Lear" when the lead -- a Hollywood star -- dropped dead. The post-apocalyptic life becomes, for her, an ode to the beauty and power of artistic performance, and she travels throughout Mandel's pages, and the sprawling Midwest, spreading her creed.
Read our review of Station Eleven
Clee from The First Bad Man by Miranda July
OK, the antagonistic young woman at the center of Miranda July's latest novel is a huge pain. She's messy, irresponsible and superficial. But her own self-created form of womanhood -- one that embraces violence and subverts gender norms -- is commendable. The story follows Clee's stumbling emotional development, which careens through new ideas of how femininity can be defined, with laugh track-worthy lines dispersed throughout.
Read our review of The First Bad Man
Sheila from How Should a Person Be? by Sheila Heti
If anything serves as a moral compass for the narrator of Heti's novel-from-life, it's her friend Margeaux, who she deeply admires and is also pretty jealous of. Or, maybe it's her desire to live wholly for the sake of her art that motivates her choices, which aren't always in her own best interest. Whatever it is that makes her tick, it's certainly not whatever dude she's currently seeing, making this deeply personal book a keeper.
Ruth from Green Girl by Kate Zambreno
Ruth, the wild and wildly funny protagonist of Zambreno's novel, knows better than anyone that independence is a difficult thing for a woman to grasp, even if said woman is as modern and subversive as they come. She spends her days working in a department store doling out perfume samples, and her nights continuing to perform and to question the performances she keeps up throughout the day. It's a messy story with an equally messy -- and therefore true to life -- girl standing tall at its center.
Ifemelu from Americanah by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
This powerful novel's narrator comes to America for college after fleeing war-torn Lagos. Her life in America isn't easy, either, as she learns quickly about the hold racism has on the supposedly free country. Although prejudice colors her everyday interactions, she finds success blogging about her experiences, and when she comes home to Nigeria and reunites with a childhood love, she reassesses everything that she's valued over the course of her life so far.
Tiffany from The Wallcreeper by Nell Zink
At the beginning of Zink's debut novel, narrator Tiffany is anything but independent. Financially reliant on her husband, she leaves the life she knows and moves to Berne, where her tumultuous marriage leads her to discover her truer passions: environmentalist pursuits.
Read our review of The Wallcreeper
Nora from Nora Webster by Colm Toibin
Like his book-turned-movie Brooklyn, Toibin's more recent Nora Webster follows a young Irish woman as she comes to grips with lost love. Unlike Brooklyn's protagonist, however, Nora Webster doesn't assuage her grief with the attention of a romantic partner. She instead writes a complex self-analysis and wields the beauty of her own voice by learning to sing.
Purity from Purity by Jonathan Franzen
Franzen's book has a few problems, some of them more defensible than others. But, its plucky protagonist is irrefutably a fully formed young woman with steadfast principles -- at least by the time the novel winds down. Purity "Pip" Tyler juggles a job she's not passionate about with half-heartedly dating men in the Bay Area, but her devotion to her ragtag crew of roommates, and to the new family she discovers on a bizarre, globe-hopping adventure, is laudable.
Lila from The Story of the Lost Child by Elena Ferrante
By the time she's reached middle age, Lila -- one of the women that comprises the very real, complicated friendship that Ferrante's series centers on -- has been married, divorced, and partnered up again. But none of these romantic pursuits have colored her principles, or her ambitious career pursuits. She may be stubborn and competitive, but she's unabashedly herself.
Maddie Crum
Books and Culture Reporter, HuffPost
Valentine's Day Independent Women In Literature The First Bad Man Green Girl Elena Ferrante
Sons and Lovers
According to <i>Banned Books: Challenging our Freedom to Read</i>: "In 1961 an Oklahoma City group called Mothers United for Decency hired a trailer, dubbed it "smutmobile," and displayed books deemed objectionable, including Lawrence's novel."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Having been with you all at Christ Church for over five years means that June and July will include a longer break for me than usual. Thanks to your generous provision, each year I have received leave-time for vacation and continuing education. This year, in addition, I will also receive the first of three sabbatical months as provided in our Letter of Agreement. Sabbatical leave for clergy after five years of service is standard in the Episcopal Church; however, instead of receiving it all in one year, spreading the sabbatical over three years seems a better fit for Christ Church and for me. In this, I am following the precedent of your former rector, the Rev. Norman Macleod. So, I will be away starting from the afternoon of June 5, and return to our parish life in time for Sunday, July 31.
Now, you may be saying, "That's fine for you, but what about us?" Not to worry: worship, pastoral care, fellowship, and parish administration will continue. Our parish administrator Pat Wakefield will be in the office as usual, handling the day-to-day details of our parish life, and connecting you to clergy who are on-call for pastoral emergencies; our Senior Warden Pat Daunic will chair our June and July Vestry meetings, and help with questions that might usually go to me. Our Finance team -- Treasurer Ted Sands, Bookkeeper Melissa Lamoreaux, the Finance Committee, and Counters -- will continue their sound fiscal management. With the support of Pat Wakefield and Sexton Sheward Hagerty, Junior Warden Susan Shackford and the Vestry will continue their stewardship of our historic buildings and grounds, but without any interference from me. The Pastoral Care Committee recently baked and froze another round of meatloaves-to-go, as part of their continuing ministry of care and concern. As usual, Pat Wakefield can put you in touch with these compassionate friends.
As for worship, our Music Director Mark Sullivan will be in the balcony to support congregational singing as usual, and to provide or accompany other inspiring music for reflection. June and July would be particularly good times for you to talk with Mark about sharing your musical gift in worship to God's glory. Please also check in with the Altar Guild and be sure they have the help they need!
I am very grateful that three terrific priest-colleagues have agreed to celebrate and preach in my absence. They are the Rev. Jane Stickney, the Rev. Kent Smith, and the Rev. Anne Richards.
Many of you will remember the Rev. Jane Stickney from her years of service in Guilford at St. John's Church, and for serving on occasion at Christ Church during the interim period before I arrived. Please take advantage of Jane's wisdom and spiritual depth on June 12 and 19.
On June 26 and July 3, the Rev. Kent Smith will again serve in his role as "Official National Holiday Supply." You may know Kent+ and Margaret from their participation in the civic life of Guilford, but I wonder how many of us have taken advantage of his knowledge of Chinese language and history -- the focus of his university study and teaching.
The Rev. Anne Richards will have the use of the rectory during her stay in Guilford for the Sundays of July 10, 17, and 24. Following her service in the Diocese of New York, Anne+ had a distinguished ministry with St. Mark's Church in New Canaan. Her husband, the Rt. Rev. Richard Grein, retired bishop of New York, may accompany her on occasion.
So what will I be up to? In June, I plan to continue the work I began last year in the Advanced Degree Program at the School of Theology of the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee. With the sabbatical, I will have time to finish the classwork on my time and not the parish's. Through this work, I hope to have more resources for ministry with you -- especially for preaching. After returning to Connecticut, I expect to officiate at a Service of Thanksgiving for the Life of parishioner Barbara Letts at Christ Church on Saturday, July 2. Then I will head to Oregon for time with my family, and then to Cape Cod for time with friends. By then I will be more than ready to return, rested and refreshed, to my home and the life I treasure here in Guilford, with you.
Thank you (I think!) for electing me as your Junior Warden. You know that you have started your first term when an usher walks up to you and hands you a broken kneeler stop on the same Sunday as our Annual Meeting and voting!
In this report I am going to talk about the approach that I am taking to start resolving a list of issues that Harrison and I compiled. The list is made up of issues/projects that have been identified and are not resolved as of yet, plus new-found items or requests reported by parish members. These items were found both in and outside of the church, parish house, and rectory. A Thank You goes to members of the parish who have been identifying issues and problems. Your input is very important and much appreciated.
The list was compiled and statements of work were given to contractors for bids. Next step was a meeting with Harrison and then with the Finance Committee to request funds. I first had to find a balance between what issues were safety-related and what items were deemed critical. We then had to match cost of those items to the availability of funds. This is always a challenge. The next step in the process was to put together a proposal and present it to the Vestry for approval.
Items that were approved by the Vestry and completed as of this report date are: (1) Repairing a loose bit of sheathing that was sticking up on the rectory roof -- an issue that could have led to greater problems. (2) The thermostat for the church was not functioning properly; a new 7-day energy-saving thermostat is now installed. (3) A walkway of broken slate tiles – a safety concern -- that led out from the Robing Room steps has been replaced by a concrete sidewalk connecting to the walkway between the parking lot and the front of the church. (4) Repair work on the back-yard fence will start the week of May 1; all gates will be repaired, broken slats repaired or replaced throughout the fence, and downed sections will be uprighted.
Items approved and yet to be completed: (1) Parish house roof nail "pops," (2) gutter cleaning, and (3) installing a new exhaust fan in the currently unvented parish house attic (it will function automatically as temperature and humidity dictate).
The pull-down steps leading to the parish house attic storage area are difficult to operate and under review for repair versus replacement.
In the good news department: Many thanks to Chef Antonio Greco for cleaning the massive filters in the hood over the parish hall kitchen range, and reporting that they and the exhaust system are in good order. Thanks also to David Oshana for installing an appropriate lock in the Nursery lavatory.
On April 24, our seminarian, Stephen Douglas, gave a talk in the Parish Hall during the coffee hour on his recent trip to Rome and Canterbury Cathedral, a trip taken with several of his fellow Yale Divinity School students. He showed pictures of the awe-inspiring cathedrals and stained glass windows associated with our Christian faith, and also got to see the Pope during one of his outdoor audiences. It was a wonderful presentation, and we thank him for sharing this experience with us.
The Evening ECW continues hard at work! Since our last report, we have commissioned plans for updates to the Parish Hall from Patriquin Architects of New Haven, and those plans are now complete. We have held two informational sessions for the parish to let folks know what we're planning and to solicit input from the most important users: our church family! We hope to put the first phase of the project up for bid this summer and to begin on construction as well.
We held a very well-attended dessert social in April to kick off our Tag Sale, which will occur on September 24 this year, and have committee chairs for each of the functions needed to make the sale a grand success. However, we cannot do it alone! We need your help to make it happen, especially during the week leading up to the sale and on the "day of" as well. Rebecca Ervin is our Volunteer Chair this year and she can be reached at reervin69@gmail.com.
We have begun collecting donations of household and other items, and these can be brought to the church either during office hours or on Sundays. As we did last year, all Tag Sale items will be stored in the EECW room on the Sunday School level of the Parish Hall. Please keep clothing and furniture at home until September, and if you need a pickup for any items, please contact Jane Ferrall at jjferrall@yahoo.com.
We will continue meeting on the first Thursday of each month, from 7-8 p.m., throughout the summer. July will bring another cool social, so watch those emails!
Our ECW wishes to thank everyone who recently supported our "Roses for Mothers" and "A Rose for Mommy" project. We displayed over 300 roses on Mother's Day!!! What a beautiful sight. We donated 10 bouquets to the Pastoral Care committee for delivery to the homebound. They certainly brightened the day for those who were unable to attend church services.
We also wish to thank you for the donations of new socks and underwear for men, women, and children. The men's items were brought to New Haven by Leland Hubbard. They were given to homeless men during the distribution of food at the Midnight Run project on the Green. Lee has participated in the Midnight Run project for several years. Thank you, Lee!!
I delivered to Ella's on the Guilford Green the undergarments for women and children residing in women's shelters on the shoreline. You were very generous in the items we collected. Thank you for your support. This is an ongoing Outreach project.
to see the architect renderings for the Parish Hall? Well click here to go to the page containing the plans!
We ended this ECW year in celebration, both at our annual church picnic on Sunday, June 5, and on Thursday, June 9, at our annual June Luncheon.
This past spring, Diane Barker suggested that there were many hard-working, selfless individuals in our parish who should be recognized for their contributions. We all agreed that we wanted to recognize two such individuals this year and others in the future. So the "Pearl of Great Price" award was created and was awarded this year to Gene Bishop and Jeanette Koncz. Both are well deserving of this award, and the women of the ECW are proud to recognize their devotion to our parish and congregation.
Our annual luncheon was held at the Maritime Grill on Thursday, June 9. We had a lively group of 22 ladies that enjoyed this popular ECW activity. Thank you all who attended and all the good sports who played our FUN exchange game.
We also held a free-will collection to support the Diocese of Connecticut's ECW White Envelope project. Thank you all in your support of this program that gives grants to Connecticut Episcopal churches that apply for funds to provide needed programs or services in their community. They have also given grants outside of our diocese when applications are received and meet the requirements. Usually two grants are awarded annually.
Our next regular meeting will be held on Thursday, September 8, with an 11 a.m. meeting and 12 noon carry-in luncheon. Our hostesses will be Diane W. Link and Cindy Smith. The program will be a planning session for our upcoming year.
Our first fundraiser of the 2016-17 year will be a "Holiday Military Whist" on October 14 at 7 p.m. in the parish hall. Tickets will be $8 each, and table reservations may be made in advance. They will be available at the EECW tag sale on September 24.
All Christ Episcopal Church Women are members of our ECW. Our regular meetings are held on the second Thursday of each month, at 11 a.m. in the parish hall, with a carry-in luncheon at 12 noon with a program to follow. We do not have meetings in the summer. We meet all other Thursdays after Bible study, at 10:30 a.m. in the Guild room. We bring a sandwich and a hostess serves tea and dessert. Please join us!
On Sunday, June 5, we will celebrate a year of Sunday School, Middle School, and High School (Young Adult Program) classes and activities. We'll give thanks for the dedicated ministry of our Sunday School teachers and mentors during the 10 a.m. service, and we will greet five newly confirmed youth. They will have been confirmed at St. John's Church, Essex, with 45 others, on the day before! The celebration will continue at the Annual Parish Picnic. I think we all look forward to hamburgers and hot dogs from the grill and the wonderful potluck array of salads, sides, and desserts that you all provide. While I cannot guarantee beautiful weather, I will continue to do my best with the "Committee on Weather"!
The Choir will conclude their program year of musical leadership on Sunday, June 12. To help celebrate a Year of Music, they will also host a festive Coffee Hour. Please plan to join the celebration!
Noted the beauty of Holy Week and Easter Services; received the Rector's thanks for the new dishwasher and microwave in the rectory (replacing barely working equipment); and rejoiced in the success of the Youth Spaghetti Supper.
Received Treasurer Ted Sands's report for March and the Year-to-Date -- income from pledges in March was below that of 2015, even with Easter being a Sunday in March; pledged income in 2016 to date is also below expectations and last year's experience by 16%; nonetheless, Christ Church parishioners typically fulfill over 97% of what they have pledged and in 2015 gave more than 100%; the parish's expenses are fairly steady quarter to quarter, and with prepaid pledges the parish is able to meet its expenses.
Received a detailed report from Junior Warden Susan Shackford on the status of our buildings and grounds. Sue underscored needed repairs to roofs, fences, and the pull-down stairs to the Parish House attic; Sue also reported on the need to replace the hazardous walkway to the robing room (now broken slate tiles) with a proper sidewalk, and to properly ventilate the currently unventilated Parish House attic. The Vestry authorized the roof and fence repairs and installing the attic vent, to be paid from the operating budget, and the sidewalk to be paid from Capital Funds.
Discussed the results from the Vestry Workshop on April 9, going over "opportunities" for Vestry attention; and heard plans for the parish to review the results of the fall Hymn Sing and the fall/winter Home Gatherings, to culminate in a May 1 parish supper.
Learned that preparations for a new Parish Directory were under way, with details in a letter to be sent to parish households, and all were actively encouraged to participate.
Will meet next on Wednesday, May 18.
On May 5, five members of Christ Church ECW (Diane Link, Diane Barker, Cindy Smith, Rhoda Whitman, and Jean Valentine), along with our rector, Harrison West, journeyed to Aqua Turf in Plantsville, CT, for the 135th Annual Meeting of the Episcopal Churchwomen in Connecticut. After signing in and perusing the various tables and exhibits, the meeting began with Bishop Ian Douglas presiding over the Holy Eucharist and Bishop Laura Ahrens delivering a moving sermon on the Ascension. Various reports followed, with LaDene Monegan, UTO chairman, reporting that a little over $13,000 was taken in at the November Ingathering.
The speaker at the meeting was the Rev. Lindsay Hardin Freeman, author of two books on women in the Bible, The Scarlet Cord, Conversations With God's Chosen Women, and Bible Women, All Their Words and Why They Matter. In the latter book, she and a small group of researchers combed through every book of the Bible and found out that 93 women spoke 1.2% of the words in Scripture. Many of them came at pivotal moments, such as Rahab hiding the Hebrew spies prior to the battle of Jericho; Lazarus being raised from the dead at the home of his sisters Martha and Mary; and, most important of all, Mary saying YES to the angel Gabriel, consenting to be the mother of Jesus.
Following a delicious lunch, Bishop Douglas closed the meeting with a benediction. We look forward to the 136th meeting next May!
The regular April meeting was held on Thursday, April 14, 2016, at 11 a.m. in the Parish Hall, with a carry-in luncheon at 12 noon. Our hostesses were Diane Barker and Jeanette Koncz.
We did not have a program, but discussed the "Roses for Mothers" and "A Rose for Mommy" fund-raiser set for Mother's Day, Sunday, May 8. The proceeds of these projects will be given to the Altar Guild for the White Hangings Fund and also to the Acolytes program for their Washington, DC, trip to the National Cathedral.
We also made a decision to distribute the men's socks and underwear we collected, to be brought to the New Haven Green via the Midnight Run program. The women's underwear and socks will be brought to Ella's on the Guilford Green, to be given to a women's shelter.
We decided to hold our annual June luncheon at the Maritime Grill, Rt. 1, Guilford. We will meet at 12 noon, on Thursday, June 9. Further information will be posted on the bulletin board outside of the Guild Room and in the Sunday Bulletin as soon as all details are final. We will have our gift exchange game. Set the date aside now, as it is always a fun afternoon!
There will be five of our members, plus Harrison, attending the annual Diocesan ECW meeting on Thursday, May 5, at the Aqua Turf. We are looking forward to spending the day with other ECW groups from Connecticut and sharing time with old and new friends.
Our next meeting will be held on May 12, at 11 a.m., with a carry-in luncheon at 12 noon. Our hostesses will be Jean Courtney and Hope Sperry. Wendy Bellmore, of Christ and the Epiphany Episcopal Church, East Haven, will be our guest speaker. Wendy will be going to Mozambique as a medical missionary this summer. She recently retired from both the West Haven V.A. Hospital and the U.S. military and is looking forward to this missionary experience and sharing with us what she will be doing.
All Christ Episcopal Church women are members. We meet on the second Thursday of each month at 11 a.m. for a regular business meeting with a carry-in luncheon at 12 noon. These meetings have two hostesses. All other Thursdays we meet informally in the Guild Room. We bring our own sandwich and a hostess makes tea and provides dessert. We hope you will join us!


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JetBlue to Launch Direct, Daily New York-Guayaquil Service
Tickets are already on sale for the route which starts December 5.
US low-cost carrier JetBlue is to begin non-stop daily flights from New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport to Ecuador's Guayaquil.
Tickets on the route are already up for sale, the carrier announced in a press release, adding that it chose to add the route to its network after seeing it "suffering from high fares and limited service choices".
JetBlue's new service will begin December 5, departing JFK at 14:00 and landing in Guayaquil at 21:04 local time.
The carrier will use Airbus A321neo aircraft.
Guayaquil is considered a gateway to the natural beauty of the Galapagos Islands.
"With quick and easy flight access from Guayaquil, travelers can get up close and personal with wildlife while surrounded by unique landscapes unlike anywhere else in the world," the airline stated.
Guayaquil marks the sixth city served by JetBlue in South America, with the airline first launching daily services between Fort Lauderdale and Quito in 2016. It also flies to the Guayaquil from Fort Lauderdale.
Nearly one third of JetBlue flights operate on Latin American routes, serving 40 destinations across the region.
Flexenclosure to Invest US$4.6 million to Build a Data Center in...
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The news comes barely weeks after the customer services provider said it was removing 115 employees following a loss of contract with one of its clients in the communications...
Gananoque, Canada: Not Your Typical Software Development Location
Find out why big river technologies chose Gananoque, a town with just over 5,000 people, as the location for its business.
Amazon's Expansion Puts Pressure on US Talent Pool
There will be many jobs for software developers, and specialists in artificial intelligence and machine learning, at the company's second and third headquarters in New York and Virginia.
JAMPRO Reopens New York Office
The new office is its second one in North America
JetBlue Announces New Route to Ecuador's Guayaquil
Guayaquil will be the carrier's second city in Ecuador along with its Quito routes, which launched in 2016.
Belatrix Named Employer of the Year at American Business Awards
The company was recognized for its fun culture, recruitment practices, training programs, and inclusive work environments.
Auxis Expands in the US with an Office in Manhattan
Technology consulting and back-office services provider Auxis has expanded in the United States with the launch of an office in Midtown Manhattan, New York.
Cognizant Unveils New Technology Center in Texas
The 50,000 square-foot facility will create 1,100 new jobs by 2023, providing digital transformation services to local industries, particularly insurance, healthcare, and retail.
Ecuador and Mexico Among the World's Best Countries for Expats
Ecuador, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Colombia have been ranked among the world's top 10 countries for expats to settle in, according to an InterNations survey.
JetBlue Expanding Mint Flights in LAC Region
US airline JetBlue is expanding its luxury Mint service in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) due to the increasing popularity of the flights.


Sunny-side-up eggs are essentially fried eggs not flipped during cooking. To fry an egg sunny-side up, add 1 tablespoon of butter or cooking oil to a nonstick frying pan over medium-high heat. When the butter is melted and sizzling, break the egg, pour it into the pan, and turn the heat immediately to medium-low. The transparent white of the raw egg will solidify and whiten as the egg cooks... Begin cooking as you would for sunny-side-up eggs, but rather than basting the egg, flip it gently with a spatula after the first side has set, and continue to cook for another minute, or until done to your liking.
31/05/2011 · Cook your egg just like the sunny-side up but this time, pour hot oil from the pan over the egg until the top is cooked slightly. DO NOT flip the egg. DO NOT flip the egg. 6.
The obvious danger, however, would be that the water would be too warm and the egg would start to cook. Worth a try perhaps but I personally prefer the room temperature method. Thanks for visiting and taking the time to comment.
This is similar to sunny-side up. However, instead of leaving the yolks as it was, hot oil from the pan is poured over the egg to let the top cook slightly. However, instead of leaving the yolks as it was, hot oil from the pan is poured over the egg to let the top cook slightly.
Just a note, this article should be named 'Cooking eggs sunny side up'. Cooking eggs over easy requires that you actually flip the egg over gently or easily so that you don't break the yolk. Still though a great tutorial on cooking sunny side up eggs.


text:
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Text;

namespace Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format
{
    internal class TableWriter
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Information about each column boudaries
        /// </summary>
        private class ColumnInfo
        {
            internal int startCol = 0;
            internal int width = 0;
            internal int alignment = TextAlignment.Left;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Class containing information about the tabular layout
        /// </summary>
        private class ScreenInfo
        {
            internal int screenColumns = 0;

            internal const int separatorCharacterCount = 1;

            internal const int minimumScreenColumns = 5;

            internal const int minimumColumnWidth = 1;

            internal ColumnInfo[] columnInfo = null;
        }

        private ScreenInfo _si;

        internal static int ComputeWideViewBestItemsPerRowFit(int stringLen, int screenColumns)
        {
            if (stringLen <= 0 || screenColumns < 1)
                return 1;

            if (stringLen >= screenColumns)
            {
                // we too wide anyways, we might have to trim even for a single column
                return 1;
            }

            // we try to fit more than one: start increasing until we do not fit anymore
            int columnNumber = 1;
            while (true)
            {
                // would we fit with one more column?
                int nextValue = columnNumber + 1;
                // compute the width if we added the extra column
                int width = stringLen * nextValue + (nextValue - 1) * ScreenInfo.separatorCharacterCount;

                if (width >= screenColumns)
                {
                    // we would not fit, so we are done
                    return columnNumber;
                }

                // try another round
                columnNumber++;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initalize the table specifying the width of each column
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftMarginIndent">left margin indentation</param>
        /// <param name="screenColumns">number of character columns on the screen</param>
        /// <param name="columnWidths">array of specified column widths</param>
        /// <param name="alignment">array of alignment flags</param>
        /// <param name="suppressHeader">if true, suppress header printing</param>
        internal void Initialize(int leftMarginIndent, int screenColumns, int[] columnWidths, int[] alignment, bool suppressHeader)
        {
            //Console.WriteLine("         1         2         3         4         5         6         7");
            //Console.WriteLine("01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789");

            if (leftMarginIndent < 0)
            {
                leftMarginIndent = 0;
            }
            if (screenColumns - leftMarginIndent < ScreenInfo.minimumScreenColumns)
            {
                _disabled = true;
                return;
            }
            _startColumn = leftMarginIndent;

            _hideHeader = suppressHeader;

            // make sure the column widths are correct; if not, take appropriate action
            ColumnWidthManager manager = new ColumnWidthManager(screenColumns - leftMarginIndent,
                                                        ScreenInfo.minimumColumnWidth,
                                                        ScreenInfo.separatorCharacterCount);

            manager.CalculateColumnWidths(columnWidths);

            // if all the columns are hidden, just disable
            bool oneValid = false;

            for (int k = 0; k < columnWidths.Length; k++)
            {
                if (columnWidths[k] >= ScreenInfo.minimumColumnWidth)
                {
                    oneValid = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (!oneValid)
            {
                _disabled = true;
                return;
            }

            // now set the run time data structures
            _si = new ScreenInfo();
            _si.screenColumns = screenColumns;
            _si.columnInfo = new ColumnInfo[columnWidths.Length];

            int startCol = _startColumn;
            for (int k = 0; k < columnWidths.Length; k++)
            {
                _si.columnInfo[k] = new ColumnInfo();
                _si.columnInfo[k].startCol = startCol;
                _si.columnInfo[k].width = columnWidths[k];
                _si.columnInfo[k].alignment = alignment[k];
                startCol += columnWidths[k] + ScreenInfo.separatorCharacterCount;
                //Console.WriteLine("start = {0} width = {1}", si.columnInfo[k].startCol, si.columnInfo[k].width);
            }
        }

        internal void GenerateHeader(string[] values, LineOutput lo)
        {
            if (_disabled)
                return;

            if (_hideHeader)
                return;

            // generate the row with the header labels
            GenerateRow(values, lo, true, null, lo.DisplayCells);

            // generate an array of "--" as header markers below
            // the column header labels
            string[] breakLine = new string[values.Length];
            for (int k = 0; k < _si.columnInfo.Length; k++)
            {
                // the column can be hidden
                if (_si.columnInfo[k].width <= 0)
                {
                    breakLine[k] = "";
                    continue;
                }
                // the title can be larger than the width
                int count = _si.columnInfo[k].width;
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(values[k]))
                {
                    int labelDisplayCells = lo.DisplayCells.Length(values[k]);
                    if (labelDisplayCells < count)
                        count = labelDisplayCells;
                }
                // NOTE: we can do this because "-" is a single cell character
                // on all devices. If changed to some other character, this assuption
                // would be invalidated
                breakLine[k] = new string('-', count);
            }
            GenerateRow(breakLine, lo, false, null, lo.DisplayCells);
        }

        internal void GenerateRow(string[] values, LineOutput lo, bool multiLine, int[] alignment, DisplayCells dc)
        {
            if (_disabled)
                return;

            // build the current row aligment settings
            int cols = _si.columnInfo.Length;
            int[] currentAlignment = new int[cols];

            if (alignment == null)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < cols; i++)
                {
                    currentAlignment[i] = _si.columnInfo[i].alignment;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < cols; i++)
                {
                    if (alignment[i] == TextAlignment.Undefined)
                        currentAlignment[i] = _si.columnInfo[i].alignment;
                    else
                        currentAlignment[i] = alignment[i];
                }
            }

            if (multiLine)
            {
                string[] lines = GenerateTableRow(values, currentAlignment, lo.DisplayCells);

                for (int k = 0; k < lines.Length; k++)
                {
                    lo.WriteLine(lines[k]);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                lo.WriteLine(GenerateRow(values, currentAlignment, dc));
            }
        }

        private string[] GenerateTableRow(string[] values, int[] alignment, DisplayCells ds)
        {
            // select the active columns (skip hidden ones)
            int[] validColumnArray = new int[_si.columnInfo.Length];
            int validColumnCount = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < _si.columnInfo.Length; k++)
            {
                if (_si.columnInfo[k].width > 0)
                {
                    validColumnArray[validColumnCount++] = k;
                }
            }

            if (validColumnCount == 0)
                return null;

            StringCollection[] scArray = new StringCollection[validColumnCount];
            for (int k = 0; k < scArray.Length; k++)
            {
                // obtain a set of tokens for each field
                scArray[k] = GenerateMultiLineRowField(values[validColumnArray[k]], validColumnArray[k],
                                                                        alignment[validColumnArray[k]], ds);

                // NOTE: the following padding operations assume that we
                // pad with a blank (or any character that ALWAYS maps to a single screen cell
                if (k > 0)
                {
                    // skipping the first ones, add a separator for catenation
                    for (int j = 0; j < scArray[k].Count; j++)
                    {
                        scArray[k][j] = new string(' ', ScreenInfo.separatorCharacterCount) + scArray[k][j];
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // add indentation padding if needed
                    if (_startColumn > 0)
                    {
                        for (int j = 0; j < scArray[k].Count; j++)
                        {
                            scArray[k][j] = new string(' ', _startColumn) + scArray[k][j];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // now we processed all the rows colums and we need to find the cell that occupies the most
            // rows
            int screenRows = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < scArray.Length; k++)
            {
                if (scArray[k].Count > screenRows)
                    screenRows = scArray[k].Count;
            }

            // add padding for the colums that are shorter
            for (int col = 0; col < scArray.Length; col++)
            {
                int paddingBlanks = _si.columnInfo[validColumnArray[col]].width;
                if (col > 0)
                    paddingBlanks += ScreenInfo.separatorCharacterCount;
                else
                {
                    paddingBlanks += _startColumn;
                }
                int paddingEntries = screenRows - scArray[col].Count;
                if (paddingEntries > 0)
                {
                    for (int j = 0; j < paddingEntries; j++)
                    {
                        scArray[col].Add(new string(' ', paddingBlanks));
                    }
                }
            }

            // finally, build an array of strings
            string[] rows = new string[screenRows];
            for (int row = 0; row < rows.Length; row++)
            {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                // for a give row, walk the columns
                for (int col = 0; col < scArray.Length; col++)
                {
                    sb.Append(scArray[col][row]);
                }
                rows[row] = sb.ToString();
            }
            return rows;
        }

        private StringCollection GenerateMultiLineRowField(string val, int k, int aligment, DisplayCells dc)
        {
            StringCollection sc = StringManipulationHelper.GenerateLines(dc, val,
                                        _si.columnInfo[k].width, _si.columnInfo[k].width);
            // if length is shorter, do some padding
            for (int col = 0; col < sc.Count; col++)
            {
                if (dc.Length(sc[col]) < _si.columnInfo[k].width)
                    sc[col] = GenerateRowField(sc[col], _si.columnInfo[k].width, aligment, dc);
            }
            return sc;
        }

        private string GenerateRow(string[] values, int[] alignment, DisplayCells dc)
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

            for (int k = 0; k < _si.columnInfo.Length; k++)
            {
                if (_si.columnInfo[k].width <= 0)
                {
                    // skip columns that are not at least a single character wide
                    continue;
                }
                int newRowIndex = sb.Length;

                // NOTE: the following padding operations assume that we
                // pad with a blank (or any character that ALWAYS maps to a single screen cell
                if (k > 0)
                {
                    sb.Append(new string(' ', ScreenInfo.separatorCharacterCount));
                }
                else
                {
                    // add indentation padding if needed
                    if (_startColumn > 0)
                    {
                        sb.Append(new string(' ', _startColumn));
                    }
                }
                sb.Append(GenerateRowField(values[k], _si.columnInfo[k].width, alignment[k], dc));
            }
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        private static string GenerateRowField(string val, int width, int alignment, DisplayCells dc)
        {
            // make sure the string does not have any embedded <CR> in it
            string s = StringManipulationHelper.TruncateAtNewLine(val) ?? "";

            string currentValue = s;
            int currentValueDisplayLength = dc.Length(currentValue);

            if (currentValueDisplayLength < width)
            {
                // the string is shorter than the width of the column
                // need to pad with with blanks to reach the desired width
                int padCount = width - currentValueDisplayLength;
                switch (alignment)
                {
                    case TextAlignment.Right:
                        {
                            s = new string(' ', padCount) + s;
                        }
                        break;

                    case TextAlignment.Center:
                        {
                            // add a bit at both ends of the string
                            int padLeft = padCount / 2;
                            int padRight = padCount - padLeft;

                            s = new string(' ', padLeft) + s + new string(' ', padRight);
                        }
                        break;

                    default:
                        {
                            // left align is the default
                            s += new string(' ', padCount);
                        }
                        break;
                }
            }
            else if (currentValueDisplayLength > width)
            {
                // the string is longer than the width of the column
                // truncate and add ellipsis if it's too long
                int truncationDisplayLength = width - ellipsis.Length;

                if (truncationDisplayLength > 0)
                {
                    // we have space for the ellipsis, add it
                    switch (alignment)
                    {
                        case TextAlignment.Right:
                            {
                                // get from "abcdef" to "...f"
                                int tailCount = dc.GetTailSplitLength(s, truncationDisplayLength);
                                s = s.Substring(s.Length - tailCount);
                                s = ellipsis + s;
                            }
                            break;

                        case TextAlignment.Center:
                            {
                                // get from "abcdef" to "a..."
                                s = s.Substring(0, dc.GetHeadSplitLength(s, truncationDisplayLength));
                                s += ellipsis;
                            }
                            break;

                        default:
                            {
                                // left align is the default
                                // get from "abcdef" to "a..."
                                s = s.Substring(0, dc.GetHeadSplitLength(s, truncationDisplayLength));
                                s += ellipsis;
                            }
                            break;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // not enough space for the ellipsis, just truncate at the width
                    int len = width;

                    switch (alignment)
                    {
                        case TextAlignment.Right:
                            {
                                // get from "abcdef" to "f"
                                int tailCount = dc.GetTailSplitLength(s, len);
                                s = s.Substring(s.Length - tailCount, tailCount);
                            }
                            break;

                        case TextAlignment.Center:
                            {
                                // get from "abcdef" to "a"
                                s = s.Substring(0, dc.GetHeadSplitLength(s, len));
                            }
                            break;

                        default:
                            {
                                // left align is the default
                                // get from "abcdef" to "a"
                                s = s.Substring(0, dc.GetHeadSplitLength(s, len));
                            }
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }

            // we need to take into consideration that truncation left the string one
            // display cell short if a double cell character got truncated
            // in this case, we need to pad with a blank
            int finalValueDisplayLength = dc.Length(s);
            if (finalValueDisplayLength == width)
            {
                return s;
            }
            // we have to pad
            System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(finalValueDisplayLength == width - 1, "padding is not correct");
            switch (alignment)
            {
                case TextAlignment.Right:
                    {
                        s = " " + s;
                    }
                    break;

                case TextAlignment.Center:
                    {
                        s += " ";
                    }
                    break;

                default:
                    {
                        // left align is the default
                        s += " ";
                    }
                    break;
            }

            return s;
        }

        private const string ellipsis = "...";

        private bool _disabled = false;

        private bool _hideHeader = false;

        private int _startColumn = 0;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Senate bill 20 – approved by the Senate last week – would result in a net increase of $1.2 billion in the state's gas tax over the next four years, according to legislative research projections. Naturally, advocacy groups of all stripes and North Carolina motorists are actively opposing such an increase.
Legislators, for their part, are claiming that the extra revenue is absolutely necessary to meet the state's future transportation funding needs.
At the same time state legislators are advancing a bill to sock it to NC motorists, however, they are also introducing bills to extend tax breaks to politically-favored corporations. HB 66 would extend the sales tax exemption provided to qualified data centers by adding to the definition of who can qualify. The specific nature of the bill hints that it is being created with a specific company & project in mind.
Meanwhile, the "NC Competes Act" that was mentioned in Gov. McCrory's State of the State address recently is being stuffed with corporate goodies. Political blog Daily Haymaker reports the draft of the bill includes an additional $45 million in corporate welfare handouts, along with the extension of targeted tax credits for aviation fuel for airlines, the above mentioned data center exemption, and the historic preservation tax credits.


Oct 11 Maddie is One!
This happy little thang turned ONE this week! She absolutely loved getting her photos taken! We had the best time. She's the youngest of 3 and has a super cool Mom & Dad.
Oct 1 Jameson's First Year!


Superior Engineering has put together a 2 inch lift kit to suit the current model Toyota Hilux / Vigo with Profender Remote Reservoir shock absorbers and front struts.
Could you please tell me what generation of Hilux These monotube with reservoir are good for? Or what years of Hilux models it will work?


Doctor Michael Gettelfinger attained his Bachelor of Science, B.S. 1976, and Doctor of Optometry, O.D. 1978, from Indiana University. Post-doctorate accomplishments include becoming a Fellow of the American Academy of Optometry, F.A.A.O. 1981, and achieving I.A.B. board certification in the Treatment and Management of Ocular Disease, 1988.
Dr. Gettelfinger has maintained his practice at the same location in New Albany, Indiana since 1978.
He continues to be a member of the American Optometric Association, and Indiana Optometric Association since 1978. Dr Gettelfinger was President of the Indiana Southeast Society in the early 1980s, and again is President, 2016-2017.
Since 1978, Dr Gettelfinger has been a member of The New Albany Lions Club. From 1978 to the present, he volunteers to see patients in their Eye Care Program. Originally providlng eye care to children as referred by the New Albany/ Floyd County School nurses, it has since been expanded to include all in the community.
From 1982 to 1986 Dr. Michael Gettelfinger was adjunct professor of Anatomy, Division of Biological Sciences, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, Indiana.
In the mid 1990s, he served 3 consecutive terms as President, Parish Council, Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic Church, New Albany, Indiana.
Dr Gettelfinger was Southern Indiana Chamber of Commerce, Professional Person of the Year, Award Finalist for 1992, and again 2009.
From 2002 to 2010, Dr. Gettelfinger volunteered one day a month at the Family Health Center in Jeffersonville. This facility provides medical, dental, and eye care to low income families. He supervised Interns (young doctors) from Indiana University, serving as adjunct clinical instructor for Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana.
Professional care is provided by our knowledgeable and courteous staff.
Our goal is to provide you the highest quality of eye care anywhere. We want your visit to be pleasant.


text:
Essay, Paragraph / Global, Warming / By Haque / 2022-07-05 2022-07-05
Global Warming Essay & Paragraph
The increase in the average temperature of the earth is called global warming. This is due to the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and ozone trap radiation from the sun. It raises the temperature. If you are looking to write an essay on global warming, you need to have a clear idea about the interaction and effects of greenhouse gases and global warming. This is something that threatens the future of mankind. Here are a bunch of essays and paragraphs that shed light on the causes and effects of greenhouse gases and global warming, how they affect our lives and the environment, and ways to address the serious risks of global warming.
Therefore, hopefully, this post will guide you in writing a good essay on global warming.
A short essay on global warming in 500 words.
Essay on Global Warming in 500 Words
Essay on Global Warming: Causes & Solutions
Essay on Global Warming: Causes, Effects, Prevention
Essay on Global Warming & Greenhouse Effect in 500 Words
Global Warming Paragraph in 150 Words
Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming Paragraph in 250 Words
By: Haque | For class 9-10 | 01-04-'22
What is global warming? Global warming is the increase in temperature around the world. Climate change is happening due to various natural and man-made reasons. Especially in the last century, the temperature of this planet has increased the most. Therefore, climate change has created concern among the nations of the world.
Man is desperately interfering with nature for the evolution of civilization. Therefore, the temperature is constantly rising. So, the whole world is terrified. But to date, no sustainable approach has been discovered to get rid of this negative impact of climate.
A city in Iran recently recorded a temperature of 54 degrees Celsius. It will be one of the highest temperatures recorded in history. Is it a consequence of climate change? It may take some time to confirm, but if it does, governments should take action against possible consequences if temperatures continue to rise.
What causes global warming? The effects of greenhouse gases, widely discussed in the developed world, are one of the main causes of global warming. The sun's heat from space reaches the earth's surface, and most of it radiates back into the atmosphere. But too much carbon dioxide, methane, etc. in the atmosphere creates a serious barrier to the heat radiation of the surface, these gases absorb heat and keep the whole surface excessively hot.
Over the last century, carbon dioxide has increased by 25%, nitrous oxide by 19%, and methane by 100%. These figures suggest the severity of climate change. The amount of these harmful gases is also increasing alarmingly due to the expansion of factories and the desire for a comfortable life in the developed world.
Global warming is already having a direct impact on different parts of the world. As a result, excessive droughts, heavy rains, floods, desertification, loss of river navigability, salinity in the water, cyclones, tsunamis, tidal surges, landslides, earthquakes, river erosion, infectious diseases, and various natural disasters are commonplace today.
According to experts, 1.3 billion people in Asia depend on water from glaciers in the Himalayas. But due to the constant increase in temperature, these glaciers are melting very fast. Its harmful effects include flooding or sea-level rise, as well as severe drought. If it continues, the Maldives will gradually sink completely. About two-thirds of the coastal areas of Bangladesh will be submerged. There are also many islands in the Pacific Ocean that will be completely submerged if the temperature rises to just 1.5 degrees Celsius.
There is no debate among scientists about the dire consequences of global warming due to climate change. An international conference on this subject is being held every year. However, some of the industrialized nations, which are expected to reduce their production if appropriate steps are taken to control climate change, are unable to agree on a proposal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
In fact, in the interest of protecting the future of mankind on earth, all nations of the world must work together to tackle the harmful effects of climate change and global warming.
Global warming is a threat to the future of mankind. Image: sgkplanet
By: Haque; Words: 800; For higher students
What is global warming:
Global warming or change in the global average temperature is the biggest threat the whole is facing today. Precisely, global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere due to the increased concentration of certain greenhouse gases.
Is global warming real:
Some people are still debating if global warming is in progress and the long-term effects of pollution on the environment, but the general consensus among most scientists and researchers is that global warming has started and is going to increase at an uncontrollable rate in the very near future. Either our world leaders are going to recognize global warming as a real threat to humanity and address it properly or the entire human population may become extinct.
Effects of global warming:
The impacts of global warming are both formidable and frightening. As a result of global warming, the present global temperature is modestly increasing. It is found that this temperature will spiral upward causing severe climatic changes much to the agony of human beings.
The foremost among such changes is the abrupt change in the pattern of rainfall the world over. Some parts are likely to get heavy rainfall and some experience moderate and scanty rainfall. It is going to affect world agriculture worldwide. Seasons to grow foods will shorten in some areas and lengthen in other areas, while few farmers will be able to adapt to these changes quickly enough. Due to unpredictable weather conditions, a change in crop patterns and types is likely to take place. This will prove to bless somewhere and curse elsewhere. How far the vicissitudes of climatic factors are going to affect crop production and quality remains to be seen.
Another bitter consequence of global warming is the melting of ice caps in polar zones. Researchers warn that the effect of melting ice has started as the ocean levels are going up though at a negligible pace. With the increase in temperature, the world's oceans are to rise rapidly causing unwanted inundation of low-lying coastal areas and tsunami-like disasters causing widespread destruction of life and property. People will be forced to evacuate coastal cities, where most of the world's population now lives, to a higher ground that is more inland. No one knows for certain how high the world's oceans will increase; but whatever the height, global warming will decrease the amount of land available for human use. This will decrease the amount of farmland available, thus further decreasing the amount of food mankind can grow. Since a large percentage of the world's population already does not grow enough food, this will cause mass starvation. The sudden increase in population densities in smaller cities will cause severe sanitation, health-related, and law and order problems. Diseases will spread rapidly and crimes will be on a rise. Above all, food scarcity will be a regular phenomenon.
Furthermore, with the ice caps melting, the amount of sunlight reflected back into space will decrease thus increasing the temperature of the Earth even faster. Underneath these receding ice caps and glaciers is dead organic matter that when thawed with releases even more heat-trapping greenhouse gases (carbon emissions) into the environment. While all this time, humankind will continue to produce an ever-increasing amount of carbon emissions via pollution into the environment.
Eventually, global warming will melt enough of the polar ice to modify the world's oceans in two ways. First, the oceans will start to desalinate, in other words, the salt in the seawater will be more diluted by the freshwater from the ice. Second, the oceans' water temperature will drop because of the cold melting ice, and this will cause the oceans' currents to change. Since the world's ecosystem is regulated by the ocean's currents, this will cause another ice age.
Global warming will start another ice age. Human civilization is not equipped to survive an ice age that will last a few years let alone a few thousand years. The world's agriculture cannot sustain the world's population during an ice age. This may even cause the extinction of mankind. The cycle of temperature increases is followed by ice ages, but this time the changes are not natural. These changes are caused by man-made greenhouse gases released into the environment. Therefore scientists believe that the next ice age will start much sooner than the scientific evidence has proven to have happened in the past.
On the contrary, to the above analysis, some believe global warming will result in little more than warmer winters and increased plant growth. They point to the flaws in scientists' measurements, the complexity of the climate, and the uncertainty in the climate models used to predict climate change. They claim that attempting to lower greenhouse emissions may do more damage to the world economy and human society than any amount of global warming. However, in truth, the future probably fits somewhere between these two opposing scenarios.
How to slow down or stop global warming?
Coordinated efforts are needed to stop or slow down global warming. Every individual, institution and organization in the society has to take action according to the demands of their own situation. In general, experts believe that the following measures are effective in slowing down or stopping global warming:
We should use as much renewable energy as possible, such as solar and wind power, to electrify our homes and factories. This will reduce the release of heat-trapping gas into the atmosphere.
Burning fossil fuels is one of the main causes of global warming. So we can gradually increase the number of electric vehicles to reduce the burning of fossil fuels. We should also get used to using public transport instead of driving our own cars.
Carbon dioxide emissions are a major cause of global warming. We can invest more in commercial services that reduce or address these emissions. Such as planting trees, and technologies that remove carbon from the air.
To control carbon dioxide emissions we can set a maximum amount internationally, which all countries will be obliged to implement within a certain time frame.
By taking these steps, we can protect the future of the planet and mankind from the inevitable dangers of global warming.
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By: Haque; Words: 850; 10-01-'22
What is Global Warming?
The gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere is called global warming. It is believed to be changing the climate of the world permanently. The environment is being damaged, natural disasters are increasing, and the earth is becoming increasingly difficult for human habitation. According to the graph of global temperature that we see in various scientific research papers, the average temperature has risen close to one degree in the last 100-150 years. Scientists claim that if the situation continues, the world's biodiversity, including humans, will soon be destroyed.
Causes of Global Warming
There are many causes of global warming. The main reason is the increase in greenhouse gases which is the result of burning fossil fuels and deforestation. And the reason for deforestation is population growth. Because if the population increases, trees have to be cut down to collect timber for housing and to get out the cultivable land. Demand for more industries and vehicles rises. As a result, carbon emissions increase. The climate is also changing due to the explosion of atomic bombs, storms, earthquakes, environmental pollution etc. All of this is responsible for global warming as a whole.
Methane and carbon dioxide increase global warming. Mining for coal and oil releases methane into the atmosphere. Leaks from natural gas fields are an additional source of methane. Excessive deforestation increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and depletes oxygen, which in turn leads to an increase in the greenhouse effect. Nitrous oxide from fertilizers, refrigeration, and gases used in industrial processes are other factors that cannot be ignored as the cause of global warming.
Another source of methane is methane clathrate. It is a compound that holds a large amount of methane in the crystal structure of ice. The rate of global warming will increase significantly as methane escapes from the Arctic seabed.
Ice caps and glaciers reflect sunlight, and high-temperature sunlight returns to space far from Earth. When these ice caps melt, the Earth warms up because the dark oceans absorb a lot of thermal radiation from the sun.
When wood is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which raises the temperature.
Emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) also indirectly increase global warming. Unlike carbon, it does not retain heat, but in the presence of ultraviolet rays, chlorine separates from CFCs and moves into the stratosphere. These unattached chlorines catalyze the depletion of the ozone layer by converting ozone molecules into oxygen molecules.
Effects of Global Warming
Global warming might cause an increased incidence of Lyme disease, dengue fever, and malaria because the mosquitoes that are the transmitting agents for these diseases require winter temperatures of about 18 degrees Celsius for their survival. The increased floods and damages to sewage and water infrastructures further encourage the spread of diseases.
The melting glaciers, polar ice caps, and other frozen grounds are causing and will continue to cause the rise in sea levels. This will result in flooding and displacement of the human population worldwide.
The freshwater polar ice caps melting into the salt-water oceans alter the ocean gulf- stream patterns causing major changes in the temperature pattern around the Earth. This changing environment and temperature in the polar region will endanger the flora and fauna and imbalance in the ecosystem.
The ozone layer keeps out the ultraviolet radiations from the sun that harms lives on the earth. Some human-made gases rise into the atmosphere and destroy the ozone layer. Therefore global warming involves the pollution of the atmosphere, which in turn leads to the depletion of the ozone layer.
Global warming will delay the ozone recovery in Arctic regions making these people to be exposed to an ultra-violet dose, which is relatively higher. The penetration of the more ultra-violet radiations from the sun to the earth poses threats to lives like skin cancer.
Prevention of Global Warming
The burning of wood should be reduced to a greater extent as it releases oxidizable carbon to the atmosphere whose presence in a greater amount causes the elevation of temperature. LPG stoves can replace the firewood burning. Biogas plants can be encouraged in village units. Composting will help you to dispose of biodegradable waste.
The use of CFCs is a major reason for the depletion of the ozone layer causing global warming. The discharges and exhaust from automobiles also cause global warming. We could reduce it by identifying fuel-efficient cars, using bio-fuels, correcting the engine design, or using an electric car.
By not wasting energy at home we can avoid to some extent the global warming. This includes shutting down the systems when not in usage and also buying energy-efficient equipment. Solar energy, wind energy, and hydroelectricity can be used that reduce the pollution of the atmosphere to a greater extent.
People should be reminded that they share the earth and its resources with the other species that keep the ecosystem balanced, if the balance is gone then the life of every single species is threatened and even humans will not be spared from this.
Planting trees is a very good start that can help dilute the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime.
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What is Greenhouse Effect?
The greenhouse effect is not a new phenomenon. Scientists have known for centuries that a layer of gas surrounds the world. This layer of gases envelopes the earth like an insulating blanket. It traps the reflected energy of the sun and prevents it from escaping into space. This level has been compared to The Greenhouse, considering the similarity of the action. The gases that make up this layer are called greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases are mainly CO2 and CFC. Without the greenhouse gases, the world will be frozen and subsequently make it barren and lifeless.
Why Global Warming?
It has been found that recent human activities have boosted the concentrations of greenhouse gases and enhanced their heat-trapping ability. As a result, the world is becoming warmer day by day.
How the Greenhouse Works?
The greenhouse works in the following way—
Solar energy enters the atmosphere and the sun's rays are absorbed by the earth.
The rays are then reflected back at longer heat wavelengths.
Greenhouse gases absorb the heat and send it back to the surface.
When the concentration of greenhouse gases increases, more heat is trapped, resulting in an increase in temperature in the lower atmosphere and at the surface.
The Root of the Problem:
Every day we produce a huge amount of carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) and by clearing and burning forests. This carbon dioxide accounts for nearly half of global warming. CFCs are also responsible for 25 percent of global warming. But it is an agreed fact that the pivotal cause of global warming is the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. If the present conditions continue, global average temperatures could rise by two to four degrees centigrade and sea levels could rise by one foot by 2050.
Effect of Global Warming:
Consistent global warming is likely to cause severe consequences. Some of the effects of global warming have been described below—
It will make weather around the world more erratic and more extreme.
Overall temperature will rise. This increase will be more towards the poles than the equator and will cause the ice caps of the poles to melt.
Overall rainfall will also increase as higher temperatures boost evaporation from the seas. But the distribution of precipitation will shift. Some areas will become wetter and some others will be drier.
Tropical storms and droughts could both increase. The pattern of the monsoons may shift.
Ocean levels will also rise because water expands as it warms. As a result, people living in coastal regions like New York, London, Jakarta, Dhaka, and Chittagong will be in danger.
It is a good sign that people of this world are becoming environment conscious day by day. Many countries of the world have banned the use of CFC and have taken steps to cut down the emission of carbon-di-oxide. Nevertheless, we will have to be more serious about this problem. There are still many countries where the emission of greenhouse gases is still rising. So, everybody should be alert about global warming and try to stop the emission of greenhouse gases.
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Sentences: 11; Words: 150; For Class: 5, 6, 7.
The environment is an important part of human civilization. But for centuries, people have been poisoning the environment, spreading harmful waste and toxic gases. Thus nature is being choked. The temperature is rising. Animals are endangered. The key reason for the rise in temperature is the reaction of greenhouse gases. The inevitable consequence of global warming is the melting of polar ice caps and rising sea levels. It will submerge a large part of the earth under the sea. Global warming will cause frequent floods, droughts, salinity in the water, cyclones, storms, tidal surges, river erosion, disease, epidemics, disasters, and catastrophes. The way to get rid of this terrible consequence is for all the countries of the world to unite and adopt a scientific and effective strategy to mitigate climate change and prevent global warming. In this case, it is very important to innovate pollution-free technologies and use them properly.
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By: Haque; For Class: 9, 10, 11, 12; 23-01-'22
There is a layer of gas surrounding the world. This layer of gases envelopes the earth like an insulating blanket. It traps the reflected energy of the sun and prevents it from escaping into space. This layer has been compared with the greenhouse due to the likeness of action. The gases that make up this layer are called greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases are mainly CO2 and CFC. Without the greenhouse gases, the world will be frozen and subsequently make it barren and lifeless. It has been found that recent human activities have boosted the concentrations of greenhouse gases and enhanced their heat-trapping ability. As a result, the earth is getting warmer day by day. Every day we produce a huge amount of carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) and by clearing and burning forests. This carbon dioxide accounts for nearly half of global warming. CFCs are also responsible for 25 percent of global warming. If the present situation continues there could be an average temperature increase between two and four degrees centigrade and the sea level may increase a foot by 2050. As a result, the weather around the world will be more erratic and more extreme. The overall temperature will rise causing the ice caps of the poles to melt. Tropical storms and droughts could both increase. The pattern of the monsoons may shift. Ocean levels will also rise because water expands as it warms. As a result, people living in coastal regions like New York, London, Jakarta, Dhaka, and Chittagong will be in danger.
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Essay & Paragraph on a Cultural…