When I was living in the U.K., I became a huge environmentalist and grew a passion for self sufficiency. My favourite book was the New Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency by John Seymour that a friend had given to me as a gift.
As much as I loved living in London, I pined for Ontario. I knew that it was home and I'd spend so much time pouring over that book and dreaming about a life of self sufficiency back home. When I moved home and before I met my husband in 2009, I had applied 3 times to Fleming College's sustainable building program and all 3 times I was put on a wait list. I didn't end up going, but my dream of living sustainably stayed with me.
When my husband and I first moved in together we house-sat for almost a year and then moved into to a super small apartment. It was there that we both had the idea to live in the hunting camp on my in-laws property and make our dream of self sufficiency a reality. The hunting camp was built by my husband and father-in-law many years ago as a place where their family could deer hunt. There was no running water or electricity in the camp, but it was mostly insulated. The idea was that we would purchase a piece of land from my in-laws and build a mortgage-free home.
Here are a few photos of the land we were going to buy.
I read Rob Roy's book Mortgage-Free! Radical Strategies for Home Ownership and was very inspired.
The idea was to live in a temporary shelter while building sections of a house over a longer period of time. So, in April 2011 my husband and I moved into the hunting camp. It was no longer referred to as the camp, but the "T.S." for temporary shelter. Here are some photos of what the camp looked like before we moved in.
As you can see there was a stove already installed and it was run on propane, so were the lights.
In early 2011 before we moved into the T.S. we spent some time debarking cedar logs. We did tons of research about when the best time to debark was and learned it was in the spring when the sap was starting to thaw. That would create a moist layer between the bark and the log to make it easier to remove. According to our sources, the bark should just peel off in strips. We made our own tools to give this a try. We figured if we started in early spring, we'd have all spring and summer to keep debarking. We wanted to build a cordwood home.
Making our own tool to debark cedar logs for a stack of cordwood for the exterior of our house.
Well, we debarked one cedar log and knew that doing enough for a cordwood house would be a crazy amount of work with both of us working full-time.
The one cedar log we debarked and it ended up being used as a floor support in the T.S.
We changed our minds so many times about what building materials we'd use for the house. We decided that some would be cordwood (a very small portion) and the rest would be straw bale. We went around Ontario to see straw bale homes and went to workshops. We also bulked up our library with sustainable building books.
Feeling defeated the first day we tried to debark logs, we went and tapped trees instead.
You can see the T.S. up in the far left corner.
Tree tappin' mama on the farm.
A good run of sap that needed to be taken to the sap house.
Here comes B with the tractor. We pumped the sap into grates and drove it down to the sap house for boilin'.


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CounterCorp seeks to spotlight, curtail, and ultimately prevent the corrosive economic, political, and social effects of corporate impunity around the world by raising public and media awareness, promoting critical thought and analysis, and encouraging informed discussion and debate about how corporations actually operate, and what they really add to — and subtract from — humanity's "bottom line".
Our flagship program is the Anti-Corporate Film Festival — a series of film screenings, post-screening Q & A's, and related events. By "anti-corporate" films we don't just mean ones that are independently made, but rather those that examine and reflect the role that corporations play in our daily lives, and the effects they have on people, communities, and cultures around the world, as well as the planet itself.
For more information about CounterCorp programs — including our main Twitter feed (below), Corporate Crime Blotter feed, and occasional Corporation Watch blog — you can subscribe to the low-volume CounterCorp News e-mail list by clicking on this link. To bring a film screening to your town or campus, please contact us.
Martyrs of Greed
BP oil platform explosion: 11
PG&E gas pipeline explosion: 8
Texas fertilizer co. explosion: 15
Dakha factory collapse: 1,127
Bangladesh factory fire: 8
Walmart "Black Friday": 1
"In the U.S. [the World Cup is on] Fox, which sells advertising time to big companies like #VW to use to assure us,… https://t.co/xwgdapz35h
"#Walmart valued international growth and cost-cutting over #compliance. The company could've avoided many of these… https://t.co/YyMkAZC1uB

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
import logging
import asyncio
import discord

client = discord.Client()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sid Eudy (født d. 4. juli 1960 er en tidligere amerikansk fribryder, bedst kendt som Sid Vicious.

Biografi

World Wrestling Federation
Sid debuterede for WWF i 1991 som Sid Justice. Hans højdepunkt i denne tidsperiode, var hans kamp mod Hulk Hogan ved WrestleMania 8, hvilken han tabte. Sid brød aftalen om at han skulle tabe til Hogan efter et leg drop, men sparkede ud. Sid blev fyret for hans aftalebrydende natur.

World Championship Wrestling
Sid debuterede i WCW som Sid Vicious i 1993. Her blev han en "bad guy", og dannede tag team med Vader. Sids tid i WCW blev dog ikke længe, da han blev involveret i et blodigt slagsmål med Arn Anderson, hvor han stak ham ned med en saks og blev fyret på stedet.

World Championship Wrestling - Del 2
Sid Eudy dukkede igen op i WCW som Sid Vicious i 1999. Han angreb Kevin Nash i hans titel kamp mod Randy Savage ved WCW Great American Bash 1999. Sid og Savage dannede Team Madness, og Sid hjalp Savage med at få WCW titlen ved WCW Bash at the Beach 1999. Herefter indledte Sid fejder mod bl.a. Sting og Chris Benoit, som han også lykkedes at vince WCW U.S. titlen fra. Ved WCW Starrcade 1999 mødte han Kevin Nash i en Powerbomb vs. Powerbomb match. I 2000 vandt Sid Vicious endelig WCW World Heavyweight titlen, da han besejrede Kevin Nash og Ron Harris i en handikap kamp, inde i et bur. Sid Vicious forsvarede titlen indtil Vince Russo og Eric Bischoff overtog WCW, og fratog ham titlen. Efter en kort fejde med The Wall forsvandt Sid fra WCW. Han dukkede først op i slutningen af 2000, som titeludfordrer til Scott Steiner. I januar 2001 blev Sid alvorligt skadet, og brækkede både sin fibula og tibula i benet.

Eksterne henvisninger

Wrestlere fra USA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Robert St. Clair
Associate Professor of French
319 Dartmouth Hall
B.A. Knox College
Licence, Université de Paris VII
M.A. Université de Franche-Comté
Ph.D. University of Minnesota
Nineteenth-century French poetry and prose; cultural genealogies of the long nineteenth century; psychoanalysis; theory and pragmatics of the literary; continental philosophy; sociocriticism; rhetoric, poetics and semiotics; ecopoetics and the urban
Poetry, Politics, and the Body in Rimbaud: Lyrical Material (Oxford University Press, 2018).
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/poetry-politics-and-the-body-in-rimbaud-9780198826583?cc=fr&lang=en&#
Bodies abound in Rimbaud's poetry in a way that is nearly unprecedented in the nineteenth-century poetic canon: lazy, creative, rule-breaking bodies, queer bodies, marginalized and impoverished bodies, revolting and revolutionary, historical bodies. The question that this book seeks to answer is: what does this sheer, corporeal density mean for reading Rimbaud? What kind of sense are we to make of this omnipresence of the body in the Rimbaldian corpus from the earliest poems celebrating the simple delight of running away from wherever one is and stretching one's legs out under a table, to the ultimate flight away from poetry itself? In response, it argues that the body appears – often literally – as a kind of gap, breach, or aperture through which Rimbaud's poems enter into contact with history and a larger body of other texts. Simply put, the body is privileged "lyrical material" for Rimbaud: a figure for human beings in their exposed, finite creatureliness and in their unpredictable agency and interconnectedness. Its presence in the early work allows us not only to contemplate what a strange, sensuous thing it is to be embodied, to be both singular and part of a collective, it also allows the poet to diagnose, and the reader to perceive, a set of seemingly intractable, "real" socio-economic, political, and symbolic problems. Rimbaud's bodies are, in other words, utopian bodies: sites where the historical and the lyrical, the ideal and the material, do not so much cancel each other out as become caught up in one another.
Reviews of Lyrical Material
https://www.fabula.org/revue/document12303.php
https://academic.oup.com/fs/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/fs/knz159/5537491
https://dissidences.hypotheses.org/11558
"Material Inscriptions - Charles Baudelaire and the Poetry of the Modern World," The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to World Literature, vol. 4, 1771-1919 (London: Wiley-Blackwell, forthcoming 2019), 12pp.
"Manières d'écrire, manières d'être (ensemble): l'Album zutique et la poésie de l'impropre," in Rimbaud, Verlaine et zut: hommage à Jean-Jacques Lefrère, S. Murphy, ed. (Paris: Classiques Garnier, forthcoming 2019), 16pp.
"Nature, the City, and Other Lyrical Material: Baudelaire with Rimbaud," L'Esprit créateur 58:1 (2018), special issue: Baudelaire and Other People, Maria Scott and Alexandra Wettlaufer, eds., 59-73.
"Dérèglements des sens de l'histoire: poétique et idéologie," Parade sauvage - numéro spécial: herméneutiques rimbaldiennes, Alain Vaillant, dir. (Paris: Classiques Garnier, 2018), 69-87.
"Failure is Our Only Option: Or, Some Thoughts on Reading" - Incipit: Reading (Chambers), Nineteenth-Century French Studies, 45:3-4 (Spring-Summer, 2017), 122-130.
http://muse.jhu.edu/article/657651/pdf
"Introduction: Time for Idleness..." (with Dr. Audrey Evrard, Fordham University), Nottingham French Studies 55:1 (March 2016), 1-4.
"Zut pictura poiesis: Lyric Relations and Legacies in Coin de table and the Sonnet du trou du cul," in Poets as Readers in Nineteenth-Century France: Critical Reflections, Joseph Acquisto, Adrianna Paliyenko, and Catherine Witt, eds. ( London: IGRS, 2015), 149-168.
"Reframing the Commune: Violence, Intertextuality, and Event in Tardi's Cri du peuple," Romance Notes, 55:1 (2015), 147-159.
"Écrire, la main dans la main: de la fleur parodique au communisme littéraire – 'Le Sonnet du trou du cul'," Parade sauvage 25 (2015), 69-104. (Highly commended for the Society of Dix-neuviémistes Publication Prize - best journal article by an early career researcher, 2016)
"Misères de la poésie – microlecture des économies de la violence dans Les Yeux des pauvres," Lectures du Spleen de Paris, Steve Murphy, ed. (Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2014), 307-320.
"Laughing Matter(s): Poetics, Politics, and Ethics of the (Utopian) Body in Rimbaud's Effarés,"Romanic Review 104.1-2 (2014), 83-104. (Official Commendation, Malcolm Bowie Prize 2014)
"Writing Poetry Against the Grain – or, What Can Be Seen in Les Yeux des pauvres," French Forum 39.1 (2014), 49-63.
"The Bomb in (and the Right to) the City: Batman, Argo, and Hollywood's Revolutionary Crowds," The International Journal of Žižek Studies 7:3 (Oct. 2013).
"Le Désordre du val: réflexions sur la blessure de l'histoire et le temps révolutionnaire dans un sonnet de 1870," Parade sauvage 23 (2012), 25-45.
"Le Moderne absolu ? Rimbaud et la contre-modernité," Nineteenth-Century French Studies 40: 3-4 (Spring-Summer 2012), 307-326.
"'Soyons chrétiens!'? Mémoire, anticapitalisme et communauté dans Paris," La poésie jubilatoire: Rimbaud, Verlaine et l'Album zutique, Seth Whidden, ed. (Paris: Classiques Garnier, 2010), 241-260.
"Arthur Rimbaud - poésies, lettres du voyant" - gallica.fr (forthcoming)
"Jules Vallès," "Gustave Courbet," "Prosper-O. Lissagaray," "Haussmann/Haussmannisation," "Coin de table", in Le Dictionnaire Verlaine, Arnaud Bernadet, ed. (Classiques Garnier, forthcoming 2018).
"Regimes of Art," in Understanding Rancière, Understanding Modernism, Patrick Bray, ed. (Bloomsbury Press, 2017), 255-260.
A book-length study of forms, figures, and meanings of (historical) loss and defeats in French literary modernity (Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine, Flaubert, Vallès) tentatively entitled Constellations of Loss: Counter-Modernities in Nineteenth-Century French Literature. Article-length studies of the "gift" of poetry, Victor Hugo, and poetic politics in a poem by Baudelaire; the prose-poetics of rage, irony and history in a prose poem by Baudelaire; homotextuality as antidisciplinary poetics of resistance and sociocritically-queered rhymes in Verlaine ("Autre," and "Monsieur Prudhomme"); mourning and the matter of (in)significance in Flaubert's "Un coeur simple."
Co-editor, Parade sauvage (international journal of Rimbaud studies)
Edited Volumes and Translations
La Commune n'est pas morte - a special issue of Nineteenth-Century French Studies, co-edited with Seth Whidden (Oxford).
https://www.fabula.org/actualites/la-commune-n-est-pas-morte-a-special-issue-of-nineteenth-century-french-studies_83649.php
Parade sauvage 28 (Spring, 2018) - co-edited with Denis Saint-Amand.
Nottingham French Studies 55: 1 (March 2016) - co-edited with Dr. Audrey Evrard (Fordham University).
https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/nfs.2016.0134
Jelica Šumič, "The For-All: Grappling With the Real of the Group," Crisis and Critique 06:01 (2019), 313-339.
Peter Brooks, "À la barre de l'Histoire," Lectures de L'Éducation sentimentale de Gustave Flaubert, S. Murphy, ed. (Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2017), 359-381.
Daniel Zamoura, "When Exploitation Replaces Exclusion: The Condition of the Surplus Population under Neo-Liberalism," nonsite.org (Fall 2013), 21pp.
Christian Haines, "Oscillations prolétaires: poésie du travail et travail de la poésie chez Whitman et Rimbaud," Parade sauvage 23 (2012), 65-101.
Bruno Chaouat, "Have French Jews Veered to the Right?," Politics and Culture 3:4 (January, 2011), http://www.politicsandculture.org/2011/01/18/have-french-jews-veered-to-the-right/
Fethi Benslama, "The Agony for Justice," in Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in the Francophone World," Nathalie Debrauwere-Miller, ed. (New York and London: Routledge, 2010), 123-141.
Anny Dayan Rosenman, "The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in France: A Conflict in Search of Novelistic Representations," in Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in the Francophone World," Nathalie Debrauwere-Miller, ed. (New York and London: Routledge, 2010), 81-93.
Parade sauvage - revue internationale d'études rimbaldiennes
"La Commune n'est pas morte" - Special Issue of Nineteenth-Century French Studies (2021)


The tables below list all tuition fees for new students in the 2018–2019 academic session, fees for continuing students will be released as soon as the relevant inflationary measures are available.
Please note that fees are charged by year of entry to the College and not year of study. The fees listed within this section are for new the 2018–2019 academic session. To find the fee for your department and course, first choose your course from the boxes below.
Please note that fees are charged by year of entry to the College and not year of study. The fees listed within this section are for new the 2018–2019 academic session. To find the fee for your department and course, first choose your department from the boxes below.


Home / Rubber Straps & Paddles / Brutus Rubber Paddle Black 24 x 4 in. (60 x 10 cm).
Brutus Rubber Paddle Black 24 x 4 in. (60 x 10 cm).
Brutus rubber paddle is 24 inches long and 4 in. large ( 60 X10 cm).
The handle is approx 8.5 – 9 in long with approx. 16 inches rubber blade with or without holes.
The blade is also offered with a stiff rubber blade or an even stiffer rubber blade ( very serious).
Split Tawse Rubber Strap 22 x 2 in.(56 x 5 cm).


text:
17 Kara Walker
African American artist Kara Walker famously creates large silhouettes that invoke her audience's discomfort through their imagery, featuring images of slavery. Her work is greatly influenced by race and her experience of life living in the South of the United States.[1] The imagery that she invokes brings attention to the history of her ancestors, the former slaves of the south, who were beaten and raped by the white slave owners. Her work deals with these histories, which are often hushed because they are too painful and disturbing to talk about. She puts these painful histories on display, and forces the audience to think about them.
Walker's silhouettes in her installation, Insurrection! Our Tools Were Rudimentary, Yet We Pressed On, display scenes of violence, often so full of shape and cluttered that it is difficult to tell exactly what is going on, or sometimes who is black and who is white.[2] There are glimpses of clarity, a young (presumably black) child holding up a frying pan to a crowd of tangled bodies, almost like a scene from a cartoon. A woman posed suggestively for a slouched man. The lighting in this installation was designed to make the viewer's silhouette appear alongside these disturbing silhouettes. Walker forces her audience to see themselves injected in the work, to see the role they play in it, the role their ancestors played in it.
Another Walker piece that represents the movement toward large scale interactive exhibitions is "A Subtlety, or the Marvelous Sugar Baby," a massive sculpture in a soon to be demolished Domino sugar factory, surrounded by smaller sculptures of slave children holding baskets of crops. The central figure is domineering, mimicking a sphinx, but with breasts and distinctly black female features, including earrings and a headwrap. When discussing her work's connections to history, she says "I don't think that my work is actually effectively dealing with history, I think of my work as kind of subsumed by history, or consumed by history"[3] The image of the Sphinx, a monument of African history, which has been altered to represent a powerful African American woman is an example of this. The sculptures' materials spoke both to the factory itself as well as the history of the farm workers who harvested the cane for the sugar and molasses that was made there. The work was incredibly temporary, as the Brooklyn Domino factory was set to be demolished, so it was only on view from May to July of 2014. The sculptures also spoke to this temporarity, in that they dripped molasses because they were made of the very materials that were once refined in the space.[4] The temporality of the work was as much a draw as the scale and interactivity of it, and the occasion was marked by the flood of 130,000+ visitors, including contemporary musicians Beyonce and Jay Z. Their fame is not the only thing that makes their viewing of this work so significant, it is also the thematic similarities, especially to the work of Beyonce, who referred significantly to the history of African Americans in the south in her album and film project Lemonade just two years later in 2016.[5] Walker's work in this and her other pieces created buzz and contributed to the spread of a historical statement, which exemplifies how large-scale interactive artworks push boundaries and narratives due to their interactiveness.
Guggenheim, "Insurrection! (Our Tools Were Rudimentary, Yet We Pressed On)"
Heartney, Eleanor. "The Long Shadows of Slavery." Art in America, vol. 95, no. 9, Sept. 2007,
pp. 170–226. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aft&AN=504377497&site=ehost-live.
"Kara Walker's "A Subtlety"." Creative Time. Accessed April 16, 2019. http://creativetime.org/projects/karawalker/.
Lubell, Ellen. "Gone! Melted Away Before Our Very Eyes." Sculpture Review 63, no. 3 (Fall 2014): 8–15. http://search.eb
scohost.com.libproxy.plymouth.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aft&AN=99384822&site=ehost-live.
Sutton, Benjamin. "Beyonce, Jay Z, and 130,552 Other People Visited Kara Walker's Sphinx." Artnet News. February 02,
2017. Accessed April 16, 2019. https://news.artnet.com/art- world/beyonce-jay-z-and-130552-other-people-visited-
kara-walkers-sphinx-57075.
https://news.artnet.com/art-world/beyonce-jay-z-and-130552-other-people-visited-kara- walkers-sphinx-57075
Heartney, Eleanor. "The Long Shadows of Slavery." ↵
Guggenheim, "Insurrection! (Our Tools Were Rudimentary, Yet We Pressed On)" ↵
"Kara Walker's "A Subtlety"." Creative Time. ↵
Lubell, Ellen. "Gone! Melted Away Before Our Very Eyes." ↵
Sutton, Benjamin. "Beyonce, Jay Z, and 130,552 Other People Visited Kara Walker's Sphinx." ↵
Previous: Large-Scale Interactive Installations
Next: Ai Weiwei


Celestial bodies such as the planets and the stars have huge impact on life on Earth. The concept of astrology actually dates back to ancient times, but beliefs about astrology vary in different regions and cultures. Typically, astrology can be classfied into two main categories: natural and judicial. Judicial astrology is based on the study of the effect of celestial bodies on humans, while natural astrology involves the charting of planetary positions. Astrology is also divided into Western, Indian and Chinese astrology.
Western astrology was first practiced by the people of Babylonia, from where it spread to other countries across the world. The Babylonians believed in the existence of five planets namely Jupiter, Saturn, Venus, Mars and Mercury. They also believed that the movements of the Sun, Moon and other planets had influence over human life and thought that they can predict the future events on Earth.
Horoscopic astrology was introduced after the occupation of Egypt by Alexander the Great. This form of astrology is based on the concept of horoscope. Horoscope is a birth chart of an individual, made on the basis of the positions of the planets and the stars at the time of the individual's birth. Read more if you want to find out some interesting facts about astrology!
Astrology began in ancient Babylon, and then spread across other countries including China, Tibet, India and Central America.
Astrology readers are 75% women.
Approximately 70 million Americans read their horoscope every day.
The most common zodiac signs in the world are Scorpio and Libra, while the least common signs are Leo and Aquarius.
The most famous astrologer is the world was Nostradamus, who has predicted events such as the Second World War and the attack on the World Trade Centre.
According to a recent study the words "Horoscope" and "Astrology" are among the most searched topics on the Internet.
Astrology is thought to be both a science and an art.
It is believed that Adolf Hitler used an astrologer throughout the Second World War.
People in America spend over $100 million a year on astrology.
It is believed that Alexander the Great's birth was delayed on purpose. The court astrologer was allowed in the room as Alexander's mother was giving birth and he told hter to hold off the birth a few more minutes to get a more favorable Moon and Ascendant for the baby. She did exactly as he said and upon his birth, the astrologer assured her that Alexander will indeed be "Great".


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text:
New Malware Variants More Malicious Than ILOVEYOU Bug
So no big surprise here, malware is getting more malicious! It's good to know though and it's good that companies out there like Messagelabs, under the watchful eye of Symantec, are trying to measure what is going on in malware land.
The malware/worm landscape has always been a fast moving one and my guess is it's only going to get faster as more of the World gets an Internet connection, a basic grasp of coding and a greed to scam money from people.
A decade after the Love Bug virus attacked millions of computers worldwide and put the Philippines in the IT world map in a negative way, computer security experts have noticed that today's computer attacks are more malicious than the original computer security threat. In its April 2010 security report, Symantec said it has detected 36,208 unique strains of malware that were designed to carry out targeted attacks.
MessageLabs, which was acquired by Symantec later, was the first one to raise the alert on the Love Bug virus, which was designed to overwrite and destroy data. The virus came in the form of a message attachment when, once opened, sent itself to the addresses of the email recipient and spread on from there.
Ten years since Symantec Hosted Services, then MessageLabs, intercepted 13,000 copies of the virus in a single day on 4 May 2000, MessageLabs Intelligence said it now stops 1.5 million copies of malicious e-mails each day.
The latest is that the malware of today is more malicious than the infamous ILOVEYOU worm that broke out 10 years ago in the year 2000.
You can see the jump is scales though, from 13,000 in a day to 1.5 million in a day. I still tell people the reason we need such vast storage clouds and such fast Internet connections is because of only 2 things – porn and spam.
It seems the dynamics have changed too, the bad guys are no longer writing mass spreading spammy malware – but sending much more malicious and highly targeted viruses.
"Although mass mailing viruses like the Love Bug are rare today, cyber criminals' techniques have evolved to more malicious, highly targeted attacks and they are motivated less by achievement and credibility than by financial gain and identity theft," Symantec said in a statement. "On 4 May, 2000, 1 in 28 e-mails contained the Love Bug virus. By comparison, 1 in 287.2 e-mails contained a virus on 9 April 2010, the peak for April. In April 2010 overall, MessageLabs Intelligence intercepted 36,208 unique strains of malware."
"The Love Bug was operating in the wake of the Melissa virus, a similarly destructive worm from the previous year," said MessageLabs Intelligence senior analyst Paul Wood. "Back then, users were less savvy, regarding the dangers posed by suspicious e-mail attachments and e-mails from unknown senders. The general public was also less aware of issues such as spam and denial of service attacks."
The April 2010 MessageLabs Intelligence Report also revealed that Rustock has surpassed Cutwail as the biggest botnet both in terms of the amount of spam it sends and the amount of active bots under its control.
Botnet dynamics have also shifted a bit with Cutwail being knocked off the top spot and replaced by Rustock.
Rustock was knocked back a while ago and the Next-gen botnets were touted to replace it along with Srizbi.
Source: Network World
Posted in: Hacking News
botnets, bots, malware, messagelabs, symantec
DAVTest – WebDAV Vulnerability Scanning (Scanner) Tool
OpenDLP – Free & Open-Source Data Loss Prevention (DLP) Tool
2 Responses to New Malware Variants More Malicious Than ILOVEYOU Bug
d347hm4n May 3, 2010 at 8:15 pm #
"I still tell people the reason we need such vast storage clouds and such fast Internet connections is because of only 2 things – porn and spam."
I smell an XKCD style cartoon/equation detailing a break down of the distribution of bandwidth on the internet.
BbUiDgZ May 4, 2010 at 12:36 pm #


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Home » News » Qatar 2022 and the Rise of African Football
Qatar 2022 and the Rise of African Football
Undoubtedly, the upcoming FIFA World Cup in 2022 will be a spectacular event, with some of the best teams and players in the world competing for global supremacy. However, one country that could provide even more excitement than most is Africa's own Morocco.
Although they could not secure qualification for Russia 2018, Morocco has made huge strides since then and is now considered by many as genuine contenders for victory in Qatar 2022.
At this point in the FIFA World Cup, there isn't a clear favorite in any of the remaining matches, which means that everyone is a favorite.
The fact that France is one of the top four teams does not come as a surprise, and Croatia's advancement to the semifinals is also not a big surprise anymore. Lionel Messi and Argentina will continue to have the support of one-third of the global population.
In the meantime, Morocco will have the backing of an entire continent and other factors.
If Morocco is victorious on 18th December, the entire footballing world will significantly transform. It will provide hope to the hundreds of millions of people in that country who undoubtedly believed their nation would never get this far.
They can make the kind of history that will become a footnote in history and one of our lifetimes most talked about sporting exploits if they are successful.
The allies of Walid Regragui stand a chance to play a role in history that is beyond their wildest dreams. When that happens, only then will they be free to write their history and possibly the history of an entire continent.
Regarding Morocco, the people of this North African country will keep their feet firmly planted on the ground regardless of the success they have had.
While their supporters are in the mood, Regragui's players will know the significance of the next match against the reigning world champions, France. Some people may declare they've reached their potential and that they should consider this a success. However, Morocco's goal is to go far, which is not out of the question.
Is it possible for Morocco to win the FIFA World Cup?
That is not the issue that has to be asked in this situation. Instead, one should ponder what sort of presence Morocco will carve out for itself on the international scene.
The Atlas Lions have gradually established themselves as the favorite team of the spectators, even though they are still determining if they will make it to the championship game given that they will face the reigning champions of the globe, France.
However, it is essential to look at who they will be competing against in this competition. They have been given a tougher draw than any other team that is moving on to the knockout stages, except Japan, who has been outstanding in all four games in which they have participated.
Morocco was placed in a group with Croatia and Belgium, two teams that advanced to the semifinals of the 2018 tournament. Despite this, Morocco was able to prevail with a semblance of composure. Following their victory over the Red Devils, Regragui's squad continued their winning streak by claiming first place in their pool with a win over Canada.
The impressive victory over Spain boosted the team's confidence heading into the quarterfinal match against Portugal. In recent years, the media has tended to focus their attention on him whenever Cristiano Ronaldo has been on the losing side of a controversy. Morocco, though, was able to steal the spotlight away from him.
As for Morocco's possibilities, there is an excellent opportunity for every team to go to the next round. Because of their experience and previous success in this competition, Morocco will be considered a favorite among neutral observers.
Despite this, they have already accomplished more for the Arab world and Africa than anyone else in the history of football. The importance of winning the grand prize cannot be overstated. There is no reason Morocco shouldn't be able to deliver the elusive World Cup success that has never been seen on African soil back home.
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Lots of European footy this week, ending with the Carling Cup on Sunday!
� � �Thursday we have a nice combination of Europa League and Championship football.��Stoke City�travel to�Valencia�to kick the day off, trailing the Spaniards after a loss last week at the�Britannia�stadium. �This game is followed by�Manchester United�playing host to Dutch side�Ajax. �United managed a 2-0 win away last week, and seem to be in a fairly comfortable position to advance. �The afternoons Europa League action is complimented by an Npower Championship clash between�Derby County�and�Leicester City. �This is a mid table clash in the Championship.
� � �The weekend starts off very early Saturday morning, as second place�West Ham�(two games in hand on leaders Southampton) take on�Crystal Palace. �Palace, who narrowly avoided relegation last year, are having a much better campaign this time around. �This early game leads us into a morning of EPL football, with�Chelsea, Fulham, Man�City, QPR, Bolton, and Blackburn�all featured. �The highlight match of the afternoon pits�AC Milan�against undefeated�Juventus�for the top of the table in Serie A. �Milan holds a one point advantage over Juve, despite having four losses to Juves none.
� � Despite all the other good football on throughout the week, Sunday mornings lineup perhaps takes the cake. �We start off with the North London derby between�Arsenal�and�Tottenham, with a 6:30am kickoff. �The Spurs sit a comfortable 10 points ahead of the Gunners in the Premiership table, holding down third and still in the fight for the title. �Arsenal is reeling after suffering a crushing defeat to AC Milan, and then dropping out of the FA Cup last weekend to Sunderland. �Spurs could deliver the death blow to Arsenals season here, or maybe the Gunners have a bit of fight left in them. �The other early kickoff has�Manchester United�travelling to�Norwich City�to take on the surprising Canaries. �Norwich has proven they are no joke, and can certainly provide a stiff test to United here. �Both of these early matches lead to our highlight game of the week as�Liverpool�and�Cardiff�travel to Wembley to compete for the�League Cup Final. �Cardiffs route to the final saw them only facing one Premiership side, Blackburn. �On the�other hand�Liverpool had to take on Stoke, Chelsea, and Manchester City to earn their shot at Carling Cup silverware. �Liverpool last won the League Cup in the 2002/03 season, while this is Cardiffs first berth in the Finals of this competition. �Surely the Welsh side are heavy underdogs; however, they are having a tremendous season in the Championship (currently sitting in fourth). �Both teams are hungry for Silverware, and this match should be a great one! �The weekends football concludes with Serie A, Ligue 1, and La Liga football.
� � �It is an International break midweek in Europe, with the highlight matches falling at lunchtime next Wednesday. �This may be worth taking a sick day, as the�USMNT�face�Italy�at the same time�England�take on the�Netherlands. �On the weekend we have�Liverpool v Arsenal, and�Tottenham v Manchester United�to look forward to.


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New records shed light on NEMLEC operations
SUN FILE PHOTO
A NEMLEC SWAT team responds in Dracut.
BOSTON (AP) — Newly released records have drawn back the curtain on the state's largest regional law enforcement association, which provides specialized police operations like SWAT teams and K-9 units to communities outside Boston.
Roughly 900 pages of information are being released Tuesday by the American Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts, which took the Northeastern Massachusetts Law Enforcement Council to court last June for refusing to release its records.
The ACLU says the documents suggest the state's SWAT units are increasingly being used for mostly minor drug-related arrests. The council says the documents don't give the full picture.
The council, which is governed by local police chiefs and is largely taxpayer-funded, had argued it was exempt from public disclosure laws because it's a private non-profit organization.
The two sides reached a settlement last month in which the council agreed to turn over the records.
"It's the right thing to do," says Carlisle Police Chief John Fisher, president of the NEMLEC's executive board, said Monday.
The records show that the law enforcement council responded to roughly 80 incidents over three years from 2012-2014, from drug raids and hostage negotiation situations to providing security and crowd control at the Boston Marathon, Red Sox championship parades and other major public events.
They show the council also owns two armored BearCat vehicles costing more than $386,000, as well as body armor, night vision goggles, grenades, powerful firearms and other military-grade equipment.
The records include budgets, audits, equipment inventories, meeting minutes, policy statements, by-laws and many other documents.
NEMLEC is the largest of at least five regionalized cooperatives meant to save local police departments money by sharing costly resources like K-9 units, search and rescue teams, SWAT teams and motorcycle units.
Kade Crockford, of the ACLU of Massachusetts, says the records suggest the state's SWAT units are increasingly being used for relatively minor, drug-related arrests and reflect a trend the organization has observed nationally.
Crockford says of the 79 incidents NEMLEC provided reports, 21 involved executing drug-related search warrants. Of those, just five reports mention actual drug seizures.
None, she suggests, were large enough seizures to justify deploying dozens of heavily-armed SWAT officers into residences where children or other unarmed civilians might be present.
"The drug hauls are not exactly Pablo Escobar-levels of seriousness," said Crockford, referring to the notorious Colombian drug lord. "In one case they found some pills. In another case they found some marijuana."
Fisher counters that the NEMLEC incident records don't provide the full picture: more detailed findings about the raids are typically maintained by local police departments in charge of the searches.
"Once that scene is safe, it's not uncommon that our guys are long gone before the narcotics are discovered," he said.
Crockford says the documents, which are being posted on the ACLU of Massachusetts' website, allow the public to judge for themselves.
"It's important for local communities who pay those police department salaries to understand what's really going on here," she said.
The ACLU hopes the settlement, which is currently awaiting a judge's approval, also helps open the door for more public information on SWAT teams in Massachusetts.
The organization had initially sought records from roughly nine regional law enforcement councils as part of a national effort to document the so-called "militarization" of local police departments.
Formally incorporated as a nonprofit in 1974, NEMLEC represents 58 communities in Essex and Middlesex county — including Cambridge, Gloucester, Lowell, Lynn, Salem and Somerville — that have a combined population of about 1.7 million residents.
Fisher says each member police department must designate at least ten percent of its manpower to NEMLEC units. They must also pay $4,825 a year in membership dues.
Those dues make up the lion's share of the council's annual budget, which was about $388,458 in the fiscal year that ended June 30. Fisher says that number has remained mostly steady over the years.
Expenses go mostly to administrative costs. Insurance and maintenance for vehicles, as well as costs for other equipment upkeep and software and technology upgrades, represent another large portion of expenses.
Going forward, Fisher says NEMLEC also hopes to hire an additional part-time staffer to help with record-keeping.


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De Mitropacup 1938 was de twaalfde editie van de internationale beker.

Er namen teams deel uit Hongarije, Tsjechoslowakije, Italië, Joegoslavië en Roemenië. Zwitserland dat vorig jaar voor de eerste keer teams instuurde was er dit jaar niet bij net als Oostenrijk dat door de Anschluss nu een deel van het Derde Rijk was geworden. Normaal gezien nam de landskampioen, vicekampioen en bekerwinnaar (of verliezend bekerfinalist) van elk land nam deel. Er werd gespeeld met knock-outsysteem in heen- en terugwedstrijden. Bij gelijke stand na twee wedstrijden zou er een beslissende wedstrijd komen. Alle clubs startten in de 1/8ste finale.

Titelverdediger Ferencvaros bereikte de finale en verloor daar van Slavia Praag.

1/8ste finale

Kwartfinale

Halve finale

Finale

Mitropacup
Voetbal in 1938


text:
About the Eye
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Center of Excellence I
Saving Thousands of Babies from Blindness
Blindness is devastating at any age. But a child without sight is especially tragic — with their entire future ahead of them.
Around 2009, doctors in Armenia began to see a large increase — an epidemic — of babies who were blind.
The blindness was caused by a debilitating eye disease called Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) that only affects premature infants.
As the healthcare system improved in Armenia, more premature infants were surviving, and those same babies were developing ROP — an eye disease that, at the time, was completely unknown and untreated in Armenia.
"It was completely new to us," Inga Sargsyan, a physician in Armenia, said. "We had never observed such cases and we did not know what to do."
"The burden of telling parents that 'Your child will never see again' was exasperating," AECP Physician Dr. Tadevos Hovhannisyan added.
Something had to be done.
In 2010, the Armenian EyeCare Project began a program to treat this growing epidemic in Armenia and save thousands of babies from going blind.
Ophthalmologists from abroad traveled to the country to train physicians to diagnose ROP and treat it at the onset. In a year's time, Armenian doctors were performing at the same level, if not better, than doctors in the U.S.
Our ROP program has been such a success in Armenia that it has since expanded into a full-fledged, state-of-the-art facility — the Center of Excellence for the Prevention of Childhood Blindness in Yerevan.
With an entire floor inside the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) dedicated to preventing childhood blindness, the Center of Excellence is equipped with all the necessary amenities, including the latest surgical equipment and a well-qualified surgical staff who have been trained by some of the best ophthalmologists in the world.
"Not only are we able to tell the parents about the problem, but we can also tell them that we can help," Dr. Hovhannisyan said.
Since its establishment, the Center of Excellence has been so effective that not only are Armenian families not having to send their children to other countries for aid, now, families from other countries are traveling to Armenia for help.
The most important part? Thanks to the Center of Excellence, blindness in children is being prevented — one tiny patient at a time.
Copyright © 2023 The Armenian EyeCare Project. All Rights Reserved.
949.933.4069 | 100 W. Foothill Blvd., Suite 203 San Dimas, CA 91773


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"Doctor Who": The REAL Revelations of "The Timeless Children" [OPINION]
by Adi Tantimedh
BBC's Doctor Who sparked off a storm of debate and hand-wringing amongst fans in the Series 12 finale "The Timeless Children". It was one of those "everything you knew was wrong!" types of retcons that are the vogue for Science Fiction and superhero stories these days. Love it or hate it, the new lore is here to stay.
As I watched and thought about the Doctor's new origin story, I found some interesting new meanings and answers to the Doctor's story. I'm slightly surprised no one else seemed to pick up on them or discussed them, so I might as well.
Jodie Whittaker as The Doctor, Sacha Dhawan as The Master – Doctor Who _ Season 12, Episode 10 – Photo Credit: James Pardon/BBC Studios/BBC America
"The Doctor is Non-Binary"
When he and the cast were promoting Series 11 at New York Comic Con in 2017, showrunner Chris Chibnall said, "The Doctor is non-binary." Hardly anybody made anything out of that statement, but with "The Timeless Children", Chibnall showed he meant it.
The Doctor had been a white male for over 50 years – the default of most TV heroes. He carried that privilege with him all that time. Russell T. Davies and Steven Moffat opened the door to the idea that Time Lords can change gender when they regenerate. Chibnall is the showrunner who finally walked through that door.
Jodie Whittaker as The Doctor – Doctor Who _ Season 12, Episode 10 – Photo Credit: James Pardon/BBC Studios/BBC America
In the reveal of the Timeless Child, the Doctor turned out to be a young girl of colour who came through a portal from another universe. Her adopted mother Tecteun discovered she couldn't die, that she could regenerate into a new body and even another gender. This forms a Science Fictional expression of The Doctor being non-binary. When Tecteun gives her regenerative ability to the other Time Lords, it makes them all non-binary as well.
Doctor Who has always had a strong LGBTQ fan following. LGBTQ fans told me they identify with the Doctor's otherness and outsider status. Now the Doctor truly is one of them, too.
A History of Exploitation, Abuse and Colonialism
The Timeless Child identity reveal also turns the Doctor's childhood into a story of a non-binary child who was systematically abused, exploited and lied to. They obliterated her memories and her origins as they made her their tool and resource, which can be read as an allegory for slavery as well. That she was a black child gives her story a layer of colonialism. That the Ruth Doctor (Jo Martin) is a black woman on the run from The Division, a brutal agency that forces her to do their bidding, also adds to this. This overturns the Doctor's 50-plus year history as a white patriarchal authority figure. She's an underdog again.
Now We Know Why The Doctor Ran Away From Gallifrey…
Exactly why the Doctor stole a TARDIS and ran away from Gallifrey was never made clear. There have been vague answers hinted at: it was an act of rebelling. He wanted to raise his granddaughter away from Gallifrey. Maybe he was just restless. Or he wanted to intervene in events through Space and Time. Moffat had the First Doctor mention that he wanted to test whether Good or Evil was the dominant force in the universe.
Chibnall doesn't spell it out either, but in the reveal of The Timeless Child, he gives us the strongest reasons for the Doctor to keep running away from Gallifrey.
The Doctor knows deep down that Gallifrey was never her true home. She might be unconsciously searching for her real home. She has also been systematically abused and exploited by the Time Lords for thousands, possibly millions of years. Abused children tend to run away from home. Even if she doesn't remember what they did to her, she still felt it.
At the end of the day, all this doesn't really change the show or the Doctor. Her character remains the same. The show remains the same. Maybe she might decide to find out where she originally came from, which opens up a new plotline. And there's nothing here that Chibnall or a future showrunner can't walk back or retcon out at a later date.
Posted in: BBC, Doctor Who, TV | Tagged: bbc, bbc america, bleeding cool, cable, chris chibnall, doctor who, Gallifrey, jo martin, jodie whittaker, russell t davies, steven moffat, streaming, tardis, television, Time Lords, tv
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About Adi Tantimedh
Adi Tantimedh is a filmmaker, screenwriter and novelist who just likes to writer. He wrote radio plays for the BBC Radio, "JLA: Age of Wonder" for DC Comics, "Blackshirt" for Moonstone Books, and "La Muse" for Big Head Press. Most recently, he wrote "Her Nightly Embrace", "Her Beautiful Monster" and "Her Fugitive Heart", a trilogy of novels featuring a British-Indian private eye published by Atria Books, a division Simon & Schuster.
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The very best part of campaigning for office is the people you meet. Stories of hard work and perseverance and the challenges and hardships that we face every day. I will carry these conversations with me, all the way to the State House and use them to serve the citizens of Middlesex 15th like they never have been served before.
Everywhere I go I see signs and bumper stickers! I can't thank you all enough for this groundswell of support!
CALex candidate forum, it was a great opportunity to meet everyone that came to meet the candidates. Thank you!
Great time celebrating Discovery Day in my home town of Lexington.
When I'm not campaigning I make a mean burger or 200. Woburn Lions doing good things for the community.
Wonderful to meet so many good people at the Woburn Democratic City Committee.
It's official the papers are in and I'm on the ballot! Next stop the State House!


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At Vernon Middle School we are dedicated to making the middle school experience a positive and rewarding program for all students. We serve students in grades 6-8.
We believe that all students can learn. In our belief, we will not allow life situations to spell failure for any student. We will engage each student in active learning that will be meaningful to the future of that student, thus enabling that person to develop the skills needed to contribute to society.
I will strive to be the kind of person that will be proud of myself and other people will be proud of me too. I came to school to learn and I will make the most of this day.


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Brooklyn Heights is a lovely residential neighborhood within the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Originally referred to as 'Brooklyn Village', it has been a prominent area of Brooklyn since 1834. As of 2000, Brooklyn Heights sustained a population of 22,594 people.
Brooklyn Heights stretches from Old Fulton Street near the Brooklyn Bridge south to Atlantic Avenue and from the East River east to Court Street and Cadman Plaza. Adjacent neighborhoods are: Dumbo, Downtown Brooklyn, Cobble Hill and Boerum Hill. It is directly across the East River from Manhattan, and easily accessible to Downtown and multiple subway lines.
The neighborhood is largely composed of block after block of picturesque rowhouses and a few mansions. A great range of architectural styles is represented, including a few Federal-style houses from the early 19th century in the northern part of the neighborhood, brick Greek Revival and Gothic Revival houses, and Italianate brownstones. A number of houses, particularly along Pierrepont Street and Pierrepont Place are authentic mansions. Brooklyn Heights was the first neighborhood protected by the 1965 Landmarks Preservation Law of New York City. Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims and Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Cathedral are in Brooklyn Heights.
Brooklyn Heights occupies a bluff that rises sharply from the river's edge and gradually recedes on the landward side. Before the Dutch settled on Long Island in the middle of the seventeenth century, this promontory was called Ihpetonga ("the high sandy bank") by the native Lenape American Indians.
The area was heavily fortified prior to the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War – The Battle of Long Island (also known as The Battle of Brooklyn). After British troops landed on Long Island and advanced towards Continental Army lines, General George Washington withdrew his troops here after heavy losses, but was able to make a skillful retreat across the East River to Manhattan without the loss of any troops or his remaining supplies.
This part of the Town of Brooklyn, south of the long-settled old Village of Brooklyn, became New York's first commuter town in the early 19th century when a new steam ferry service provided reliable service to Wall Street.
The executive offices of the Brooklyn Dodgers were, for many years, located in the Heights, near the intersection of Montague and Court Streets. A plaque on the office building that replaced the Dodgers' old headquarters at 215 Montague Street identifies it as the site where Jackie Robinson signed his major league contract.
The Promenade, cantilevered over the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (BQE), is a favorite spot among locals, offering magnificent vistas of the Statue of Liberty, the Manhattan skyline across the East River, as well as views of the Brooklyn Bridge, Manhattan Bridge, and spectacular fireworks displays over the East River. Robert Moses originally proposed to build the BQE through the heart of Brooklyn Heights. Opposition to this plan led to the re-routing of the expressway to the side of the bluff, allowing creation of the Promenade. The full story of the promenade's creation is chronicled by Henrik Krogius in his book "The Brooklyn Heights Promenade." It is a popular tourist destination, a fine termination point, with its spectacular views, after a breath-taking walk over the Brooklyn Bridge.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights
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on top of my JSP file and still It says `Unknown tag (c:forEach).
welcome.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
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 </c:forEach>
</body>
</html>

Project construction HERE

A: 1.Use only jstl-1.2.jar
2.Try to get some items to iterate, for example:
<c:forEach items="${requestScope.list}" var="item">
</c:forEach>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Bartolomeo Alberto (en religion Mauro) Cappellari, né à Bellune (en italien Belluno), ville du nord de la république de Venise, le  et décédé à Rome le , est un moine, prêtre et abbé camaldule qui fut le  pape sous le nom de  (en latin , en italien ), successeur de .

Élu le , il est sacré et intronisé le 6 du même mois. Il a défendu la doctrine traditionnelle contre les idées nouvelles ainsi que les États pontificaux contre les attaques des mouvements patriotiques italiens, et a relancé l'engagement missionnaire outre-mer.

Biographie

Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, futur , naquit le  à Mussoi, devenu actuellement un faubourg de Belluno, dans la maison de campagne de sa famille. Ses parents, Giovanni Battista Cappellari et Giulia (née Cesa), appartenaient tous deux à la petite noblesse et étaient enfants de notaires d'une famille originaire de Pesariis.

À Mussoi, petit village de la haute Venetie, existe toujours la maison de campagne de ses parents. Il se découvre une vocation religieuse à l'âge de  et entre, en 1783, au monastère camaldule de saint Michel de Murano. En 1786, il prononce ses vœux monastiques et prend le nom de 'Frère Maur' (Fra Mauro, d'après un célèbre moine camaldule et cartographe du ). Il reçoit l'année suivante l'ordination diaconale et sacerdotale. Se consacrant à l'étude de la philosophie et de la théologie, il s'occupe également de l'instruction des novices.

Envoyé à Rome en 1795, il réside au monastère Saint-Grégoire (San Gregorio), et en devient l'abbé en 1805.

C'est pendant cette période, ébranlée par la Révolution française, qu'il publie son ouvrage, Le Triomphe de la sainte Église, dans lequel il défend l'idée de l'infaillibilité pontificale contre les jansénistes italiens, et la souveraineté du pape sur les États pontificaux. Il s'oppose aussi aux efforts maçonniques visant à contrer l'influence de l'Église, et dénonce un complot pour affaiblir la papauté.

Devenant autrichienne puis française, la République de Venise disparaît dans la tourmente des guerres révolutionnaires, à l'instar des États pontificaux. L'exil du pape  à Savone, en 1808, interrompt son séjour romain. Il quitte Rome et retourne à Murano puis, en 1813, s'installe à Padoue. Le retour triomphal du pape  à Rome, en 1814, lui permet de réintégrer le monastère Saint-Grégoire.

Il refuse à deux reprises une nomination épiscopale. Cependant, le , le pape  le crée cardinal in pectore de San Callisto, création qu'il publie le , et lui confie la charge de Préfet de la Congrégation de la Propagation de la Foi. À ce titre, il négocie en 1827 avec succès un concordat avec le roi calviniste  des Pays-Bas, régissant les relations entre son royaume et l'Église catholique, principalement présente dans les provinces du Sud, la future Belgique qui accède à l'indépendance en 1830.

La situation de l'Église d'Arménie s'améliore également, grâce à la signature d'un accord similaire conclu entre le Saint-Siège et l'Empire ottoman.

Pontificat conservateur

Au début de 1831, à la suite du décès du pape  et au terme d'un conclave de , le cardinal Bartolomeo Capellari est élu pape. Âgé de 65 ans, il prend le nom de  et régnera 15 ans.

Élu pape le , le moine et cardinal n'est cependant pas évêque: c'est le dernier cas d'élection pontificale d'un ecclésiastique qui n'a pas la dignité épiscopale. Il fut consacré évêque de Rome le , dans la basilique patriarcale du Vatican, par le cardinal Pacca, évêque d'Ostie et de Velletri, doyen du Sacré-Collège des cardinaux, assistés de deux autres cardinaux-évêques, Pierfrancesco Galleffi et Tommaso Arezzo. Il fut intronisé le même jour par le cardinal Albani.

Esprit de la Restauration

En 1831, l'année suivant la révolution française dite des Trois Glorieuses et l'avènement du libéral  en tant que roi des Français,  reçoit à Rome les rédacteurs du quotidien français l'Avenir : Félicité de Lamennais, Henri Lacordaire et Charles de Montalembert, les « pèlerins de la liberté » mais il  condamne, le , leurs thèses du catholicisme libéral, par l'encyclique Mirari vos, dans laquelle il précise que :

On entend retentir les académies et les universités d'opinions nouvelles et monstrueuses ; ce n'est plus en secret ni sourdement qu'elles attaquent la foi catholique ; c'est une guerre horrible et impie qu'elles lui déclarent publiquement et à découvert. Or, dès que les leçons et les examens des maîtres pervertissent ainsi la jeunesse, les désastres de la religion prennent un accroissement immense, et la plus effrayante immoralité gagne et s'étend. Aussi, une fois rejetés les liens sacrés de la religion, qui seuls conservent les royaumes et maintiennent la force et la vigueur de l'autorité, on voit l'ordre public disparaître, l'autorité malade, et toute puissance légitime menacée d'une révolution toujours plus prochaine. (…)

Le but de vos efforts, et l'objet de votre vigilance continuelle, doit donc être de garder le dépôt de la foi au milieu de cette vaste conspiration d'hommes impies que nous voyons, avec la plus vive douleur, formée pour la dissiper et la perdre. Que tous s'en souviennent : le jugement sur la saine doctrine dont on doit nourrir le peuple, le gouvernement et l'administration de l'Église entière, appartiennent au Pontife romain, "à qui a été confié, par Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ", comme l'ont si clairement déclaré les Pères du concile de Florence, "le plein pouvoir de paître, de régir et de gouverner l'Église universelle" » (…)

Nous frémissons, vénérables frères, en considérant de quels monstres de doctrines, ou plutôt de quels prodiges d'erreurs nous sommes accablés ; erreurs disséminées au loin et de tous côtés par une multitude immense de livres, de brochures, et d'autres écrits, petits il est vrai en volume, mais énormes en perversité, d'où sort la malédiction qui couvre la face de la terre et fait couler nos larmes. Il est cependant -ô douleur !- des hommes emportés par un tel excès d'impudence, qu'ils ne craignent pas de soutenir opiniâtrement que le déluge d'erreurs qui découle de là est assez abondamment compensé par la publication de quelque livre imprimé pour défendre, au milieu de cet amas d'iniquités, la vérité et la religion. Mais c'est un crime, assurément, et un crime réprouvé par toute espèce de droit, de commettre de dessein prémédité, un mal certain et très grand, dans l'espérance que peut-être il en résultera quelque bien ; et quel homme sensé osera jamais dire qu'il est permis de répandre des poisons, de les vendre publiquement, de les colporter, bien plus, de les prendre avec avidité, sous prétexte qu'il existe quelque remède qui a parfois arraché à la mort ceux qui s'en sont servis ?!

Un nouveau texte, Singulari nos, critique, deux ans plus tard, les idées libérales de Lamennais.

Cette opposition de principe au modernisme s'illustre également en Allemagne, avec la publication de la lettre apostolique Dum acerbissima, le .

Autoritarisme politique

Dès son élection,  doit faire face à de graves problèmes politiques. Son secrétaire d'État, le cardinal Bernetti, ne parvient pas à étouffer l'insurrection libérale qui éclate dans les États de l'Église, et est remplacé par le cardinal Lambruschini, plus autoritaire. La souveraineté temporelle du pape sur les régions qui entourent Rome est d'ailleurs remise en cause par les "patriotes révolutionnaires". Le souverain pontife se décide alors à demander l'aide autrichienne. Après une  répression violente, l'ordre est rétabli au début du mois d'.

Cependant, les puissances européennes décident d'une réforme de l'administration des États de l'Église, qui se traduit par une simplification des institutions judiciaires.

 refuse de démocratiser l'élection des conseils ayant autorité sur le gouvernement des communes et des États ; il s'oppose également à la création d'un conseil d'élus laïcs, dont le pouvoir rivaliserait avec celui du Sacré Collège placé directement sous son autorité. Ces réformes décisives n'interviendront que quelques années plus tard, avec le pontificat de son successeur .

Les troubles reprennent à Césène, puis à Bologne. Une nouvelle intervention des Autrichiens en Romagne est donc nécessaire. L'année suivante, quelques détachements français occupent également les États de l'Église, jusqu'au départ définitif des Autrichiens en 1838.

Indépendance de l'Église, et difficultés diplomatiques

Le développement des mouvements libéraux, dans l'Europe issue du Congrès de Vienne, et les révolutions de 1830 contraignent bientôt le Saint Siège à prendre position.  publie en  l'encyclique Sollicitudo ecclesiarum, dans laquelle il réaffirme l'indépendance de l'Église, et son refus de s'immiscer dans les affaires dynastiques.

Sous son pontificat,  choisit de lutter dans les différents États européens afin de préserver les prérogatives de l'Église catholique :
 En 1831, Grégoire XVI condamne le soulèvement de la Pologne lors de l'Insurrection de Novembre. Lamennais considérant que le Pape voulait défendre davantage les rois que le peuple, s'oppose au pape et s'indigne contre cette décision. Le pape répond en condamnant en 1832 par l'encyclique Mirari vos les idées de Lamennais exprimées dans son journal L'Avenir.
 En 1832, il conclut les prêts des Rothschild au Saint-Siège.
 En Belgique, en 1833 : il donne, par son bref du , l'autorisation aux évêques de créer l'« université catholique de Belgique » («  »), appelée couramment « université catholique de Malines », qui sera inaugurée à Malines le , puis transférée à Louvain en 1835, où elle prend le nom d'Université catholique de Louvain, après la suppression de l'Université d'Etat de Louvain. Le premier recteur de l'Université catholique de Belgique, Monseigneur de Ram, veut, dans l'esprit de la reconquête catholique instaurée par Grégoire XVI, en faire un rempart qui puisse s'opposer  et faire obstacle .
 Il offrit en 1840 au baron Joseph van der Linden d'Hooghvorst les reliques de Saint-Florius qui deviendra le saint protecteur de Limal.  Et, en 1845, au comte Ferdinand de Meeûs, celles de Saint-Eusébien. Les deux martyrs reposaient dans les catacombes de Rome.
 Au Portugal, où se met en place une législation anticléricale, le siège de la nonciature à Lisbonne est bientôt supprimé. À partir de 1841, cependant, les relations entre le Saint Siège et le gouvernement de la reine  s'apaisent, sous la pression populaire ;
 En Espagne, la régence de la reine Marie-Christine est marquée par la suppression des ordres religieux, en 1835, tandis que vingt-deux diocèses sont laissés sans évêques ;
 En Allemagne, le problème des mariages mixtes est la cause de heurts fréquents entre l'Église catholique et les gouvernements. Ceci est la cause de l'arrestation de l'archevêque de Cologne, Droste zu Vischering, par les autorités prussiennes en 1837.
 Vis-à-vis de la France de Louis-Philippe, il reçoit solennellement, malgré les pressions du gouvernement français, le duc de Bordeaux, neveu et héritier du prétendant légitimiste au trône de France, en exil, le .
 en 1845, il proteste en vain contre la situation de l'Église catholique dans l'Empire russe.

Relance de l'engagement missionnaire

Un important effort missionnaire est constaté sous le pontificat de . Par le bref apostolique Multa praeclare, le pape libère les territoires missionnaires du contrôle du 'Padroado' portugais. Par la 'Propaganda Fide', dicastère romain pour l'évangélisation, il relance le travail missionnaire à partir de 1840.

Des missionnaires sont envoyés auprès des Indiens d'Amérique du Nord, tandis que de nouveaux diocèses sont créés, aux États-Unis. Sur le continent asiatique, la Chine et l'Inde mobilisent l'effort des congrégations religieuses. En Océanie, la prise de possession des archipels polynésiens par les puissances européennes favorise l'élan missionnaire. Le continent africain, notamment l'Abyssinie, est également l'objet de l'intérêt du souverain pontife.

L'affaire Montel
Cette volonté de reconquête catholique s'accompagne de décisions arbitraires : ainsi, en 1840, dans l'Affaire Montel, le pape cautionne d'abord l'enlèvement d'un enfant juif qui aurait été baptisé à l'insu de ses parents français par une habitante de Fiumicino. S'il accepte finalement de le libérer, c'est pour le remettre à un diplomate français, et exiger du gouvernement de Louis-Philippe que l'enfant soit élevé dans la religion catholique.

Les apparitions mariales

Sous son pontificat, la Vierge Marie serait apparue deux fois en France. D'abord à Catherine Labouré, novice des sœurs de la Charité et propagatrice de la Médaille miraculeuse, puis en 1846 à La Salette à deux enfants pauvres. Elle serait aussi apparue à Rome à Alphonse Ratisbonne dont la conversion causa un grand émoi en Europe.

Rejet de l'esclavage

 est l'un des papes qui demandera avec force l'abolition de l'esclavage. (Constitution In supremo apostolatus fastigio du , voir Denzinguer 2745).
 Nous avertissons tous les fidèles chrétiens, de toute condition, et Nous les conjurons instamment dans le Seigneur : que personne désormais n'ait l'audace de tourmenter injustement des Indiens, des Nègres et d'autres hommes de cette sorte, de les dépouiller de leurs biens ou de les réduire en esclavage, ou d'en aider ou d'en soutenir d'autres qui commettent de tels actes à leur égard, ou de pratiquer ce trafic inhumain par lequel des Nègres, qui ont été réduits en esclavage d'une manière ou d'une autre, comme s'ils n'étaient pas des hommes mais de purs et simples animaux, sont achetés et vendus sans aucune distinction, en opposition aux commandements de la justice et de l'humanité, et condamnés parfois à endurer les travaux les plus durs…

Fin de pontificat
Peu populaire auprès de ses sujets,  entreprend en  un voyage dans les États pontificaux. Sa politique engendre cependant des émeutes en Romagne et en Ombrie en 1843, puis dans la ville de Rimini en septembre 1845.

Il meurt à la suite d'une crise d'érésipèle, à Rome, le  à l'âge de 80 ans.

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Missions catholiques au
 Affaire Montel
 Villa Gregoriana et pont grégorien de Tivoli
 Ordre de saint Sylvestre ou de la Milice dorée
 Liste des cardinaux créés par
 Saints des catacombes

Liens externes

Naissance en septembre 1765
Naissance à Belluno
Décès en juin 1846

Cardinal italien du XIXe siècle
Cardinal créé in pectore
Cardinal créé par Léon XII
Pape italien
Pape du XIXe siècle
Décès à 80 ans
Camaldule
Personnalité inhumée dans la basilique Saint-Pierre
Décès à Rome


text:
Fazio's Mountain Masterpiece Turns 25 at Champion Hills
Champion Hills Community News
Hendersonville, NC (April 2, 2014) – Throughout his 40 years in golf course design, Tom Fazio has been recognized for creating award-winning courses around the world. No living designer has more credits on Golf Digest's list of America's 100 Greatest Golf Courses. Fazio has witnessed firsthand the ebbs and flows of the golf industry.
"It is capitalism 101," said Fazio. "The growth spurt in golf from 1992-2005 was just as much about real estate as it was about golf. During the 13-year period, the industry added 3,000 golf courses, a number that ultimately exceeded demand. Just as the real estate is slowly healing, the golf industry is slowly healing."
Fazio's primer for a successful community
Tom Fazio believes there are eight important criteria to analyze before joining a golf community.
A strong initial developer, quality golf, a central location, numerous churches and banks, access to healthcare, strong non-profits, a convenient airport, and a dedicated Board of Directors all play a role in the vitality of a club.
Fazio distinguishes between the word club and community. "In my mind, club refers to the physical amenities, community refers to the people," said Fazio.
"When a strong initial developer launches a club, the infrastructure is built to high standards and ages well," said Fazio. "Down the line, when the club is transitioned over to the members, the club is in every bit as good shape, sometimes better shape, than when it held its grand opening."
Fazio can't underscore the importance of quality golf. "I might be a bit biased since I designed the course at Champion Hills," smiled Fazio. "But, the fact is, a quality golf experience drives membership. The course is the core amenity everyone focuses on."
A central location is key. "We raised our family in Hendersonville. The possibility of driving 45 minutes to get to a grocery store was not an option," critiqued Fazio. "While removed from downtown, Champion Hills is only a 10 minute drive to Main Street Hendersonville." Fazio also advises to research the accessibility of churches, banks, and healthcare. "A town with a complete array of services shows people are serious about living there. Unfortunately, we can't cheat father time. As we get older, health care becomes more and more important. It is comforting to know Hendersonville is served by Pardee Hospital and Mission Hospital, a major regional medical center close by."
"We all want the next generation to excel. A strong school system guarantees our kids have a fighting chance in the ever more competitive business world," said Fazio. "For those families who need a little extra help, healthy non-profits are a lifeline. This year marks another important anniversary in Hendersonville. Twenty years ago, my wife and I founded the Boys and Girls Club of Henderson County, one of the premier non-profit charities in the state."
Finally, a strong Board insures that the stability of a community will endure. "Members must place trust in their elected Board of Directors," advised Fazio. "The destiny of the club is in their hands. At Champion Hills, the hierarchy of control is clearly defined. This creates strong oversight and crisp management decisions." As a result, even during the recent recession, the community remained debt-free and the member-owned club maintained a healthy financial reserve. In fact, in 2010, the club expanded the already extensive amenities with new dining options, renovation of the clubhouse and expansion of the fitness center.
"It does not surprise me Champion Hills is celebrating its 25th anniversary year, as a successful, well-run member club. It has all the pieces of the puzzle," said Fazio. "I'm proud to call it my summer course."
About Champion Hills:
The member-owned and operated private club is located 30 minutes south of Asheville, North Carolina, two-hours from Charlotte, and three hours from Atlanta. The Club and golf course are open year round.
Champion Hills is now offering potential members the opportunity to experience the lifestyle its members enjoy by introducing a limited number of Silver Anniversary Memberships that allow new members to join the club at a reduced initiation fee.
For those living outside Western North Carolina, you may wish to consider Champion Hills' National Membership. With a nominal initiation fee and reduced dues structure, as a nonresident member, you can enjoy everything the club has to offer while visiting. Champion Hills Club is a private, member-owned country club. Admission is member-sponsored and requires approval by the Board of Directors.
Read More About Champion Hills


text:
La ville de  est le siège du comté de Ransom, dans l'État du Dakota du Nord, aux États-Unis. Sa population, qui s'élevait à  lors du recensement , est estimée à  .

Histoire
La localité a été fondée en 1880 par Joseph L. Colton, qui l'a nommée en hommage à Lisbon, une ville de l'État de New York.

Démographie

Climat
Selon la classification de Köppen, Lisbon a un climat continental humide, abrégé Dfb.

Galerie photographique

Notes et références

Liens externes

City au Dakota du Nord
Localité dans le comté de Ransom
Siège de comté au Dakota du Nord


"I'm a very, very lucky lady," is all Dr. Cecilia Watkins can echo after her scare with breast cancer. We've all had an encounter with Lady Luck at some point in our chaotic lives but Dr. Watkins has no other way to describe her run in with cancer.
Dr. Cecilia Watkins is a beautiful, vivacious, intelligent woman with a contagious smile and electric personality. She taught high impact aerobics before becoming an avid runner. She's competed in marathons and triathlons as well as biked over 100 miles at a time. As an Associate Professor in Public Health at Western Kentucky University with a PhD in health education, she focuses on promoting a healthy workplace through her worksite wellness promotion and employee wellness programs. To say the least, she is the epitome of fitness and health.
Dr. Watkins was diagnosed with breast cancer in the summer of 2010. She had received abnormal mammograms in the past that always came back fine, so when doctors had different news for her, she was not prepared for what she heard. "I assumed it would be fine because it always had been." When the results came back, Dr. Watkins was shocked to hear that she had stage 0 breast cancer. "It was stage 0, which was good news, but it was also cancer." There was no family history of breast cancer so the news came as a complete shock. "I was stunned. It was surreal. I've always taken care of my body. I felt like it wasn't fair." She was determined to rid her body of cancer as soon as possible. "I was diagnosed on a Thursday and booked for surgery on the following Tuesday." Dr. Watkins decided upon a bilateral mastectomy. Only one breast was affected, but with a 20% chance of the cancer returning in her other breast, she made the decision to remove them both. "I wanted to get it out of my body." At this point, she had no attachment to her breasts. They were toxic and she wanted them gone. In less than a week, she went from a victim of cancer to a survivor.
During her recovery, she had a supportive family and amazing friends who took shifts to be at her bedside 24/7. In December of 2010, Dr. Watkins underwent reconstructive surgery and was feeling like a new woman. She had survived breast cancer and was finally able to get back to her life.
Come join us at Barre Co. for a morning dedicated to promoting breast cancer awareness. For only $40.00, we will provide you with a Barre Co. class, a t-shirt, lunch, an inspiring story from breast cancer survivor Dr. Cecilia Watkins, and a self-awareness presentation by Dr. Sara Mangold. Pre-registration will be provided at our studio in Bowling Green.


text:
Q: Metal draw 2 different objects, only one is showing I want to render 2 different objects with Metal...I have 2 different shaders, different renderpipeline, and command buffers, passDescriptors, they are all different..But there is only one object is drawing on the screen, I don't know where i went wrong.... Here is the draw function:
 dispatch_semaphore_wait(inflightSemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER)

            //Sky
            if let drawable = metalLayer.nextDrawable()
            {
                var modelMatrixTransSky = M4f()
                var modelMatrixRotSky = M4f()
                var modelMatrixScaleSky = M4f()

                modelMatrixTransSky = translate(0, y: 0, z: 0)
                modelMatrixRotSky = rotate(90, r: V3f(1,0,0)) * modelMatrixRotSky
                modelMatrixScaleSky = scaling(10, y: 10, z: 10)

                let modelMatrixSky = modelMatrixTransSky * modelMatrixRotSky * modelMatrixScaleSky
                var viewMatrixSky = M4f()
                viewMatrixSky = myCamera.setLookAt(viewMatrixSky)

                let modelViewMatrixSky = viewMatrixSky * modelMatrixSky

                let aspect = Float32(metalLayer.drawableSize.width) / Float32(metalLayer.drawableSize.height)
                let kFOVY:Float = 85.0
                let projectionMatrix = perspective_fov(kFOVY, aspect: aspect, near: 0.1, far: 180.0)

                let matricesSky = [projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrixSky]
                memcpy(uniformBufferSky.contents(), matricesSky, Int(sizeof(M4f) * 2))

                let commandBufferSky = commandQueue.commandBuffer()
                commandBufferSky.addCompletedHandler{ [weak self] commandBufferSky in
                    if let strongSelf = self {
                        dispatch_semaphore_signal(strongSelf.inflightSemaphore)
                    }
                    return
                }

                //Model
                var modelMatrixTransModel = M4f()
                var modelMatrixRotModel = M4f()
                var modelMatrixScaleModel = M4f()

                modelMatrixTransModel = translate(0, y: 0, z: 0)
                modelMatrixRotModel = rotate(0, r: V3f(1,0,0))
                modelMatrixScaleModel = scaling(10, y: 10, z: 10)

                let modelMatrixModel = modelMatrixTransModel * modelMatrixRotModel * modelMatrixScaleModel
                var viewMatrixModel = M4f()
                viewMatrixModel = myCamera.setLookAt(viewMatrixModel)

                let modelViewMatrixModel = viewMatrixModel * modelMatrixModel

                let matricesModel = [projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrixModel]
                memcpy(uniformBufferModel.contents(), matricesModel, Int(sizeof(M4f) * 2))

                let commandBufferModel = commandQueue.commandBuffer()
                commandBufferModel.addCompletedHandler{ [weak self] commandBufferModel in
                    if let strongSelf = self {
                        dispatch_semaphore_signal(strongSelf.inflightSemaphore)
                    }
                    return
                }

                //Sky
                let passDescriptorSky = MTLRenderPassDescriptor()
                passDescriptorSky.colorAttachments[0].texture = drawable.texture
                passDescriptorSky.colorAttachments[0].clearColor = MTLClearColorMake(0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 1)
                passDescriptorSky.colorAttachments[0].loadAction = .Clear
                passDescriptorSky.colorAttachments[0].storeAction = .Store

                passDescriptorSky.depthAttachment.texture = depthTextureSky
                passDescriptorSky.depthAttachment.clearDepth = 1
                passDescriptorSky.depthAttachment.loadAction = .Clear
                passDescriptorSky.depthAttachment.storeAction = .DontCare

                //Model
                let passDescriptorModel = MTLRenderPassDescriptor()
                passDescriptorModel.colorAttachments[0].texture = drawable.texture
                passDescriptorModel.colorAttachments[0].clearColor = MTLClearColorMake(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1)
                passDescriptorModel.colorAttachments[0].loadAction = .Clear
                passDescriptorModel.colorAttachments[0].storeAction = .Store

                //Sky
                let commandEncoderSky = commandBufferSky.renderCommandEncoderWithDescriptor(passDescriptorSky)
                let commandEncoderModel = commandBufferModel.renderCommandEncoderWithDescriptor(passDescriptorModel)

                commandEncoderSky.setRenderPipelineState(pipelineSky)
                commandEncoderSky.setDepthStencilState(depthStencilState)
                commandEncoderSky.setFrontFacingWinding(.CounterClockwise)
                commandEncoderSky.setCullMode(.Back)
                commandEncoderSky.setVertexBuffer(vertexBufferSky, offset:0, atIndex:0)
                commandEncoderSky.setVertexBuffer(uniformBufferSky, offset:0, atIndex:1)
                commandEncoderSky.setFragmentTexture(diffuseTextureSky, atIndex: 0)
                commandEncoderSky.setFragmentSamplerState(samplerStateSky, atIndex: 0)
                commandEncoderSky.drawPrimitives(.Triangle, vertexStart: 0, vertexCount: vertexCountSky)
                commandEncoderSky.endEncoding()
                commandBufferSky.presentDrawable(drawable)

                //Model
                commandEncoderModel.setRenderPipelineState(pipelineModel)
                commandEncoderModel.setDepthStencilState(depthStencilState)
                commandEncoderModel.setFrontFacingWinding(.CounterClockwise)
                commandEncoderModel.setCullMode(.Back)
                commandEncoderModel.setVertexBuffer(vertexBufferModel, offset:0, atIndex:0)
                commandEncoderModel.setVertexBuffer(normalBufferModel, offset:0, atIndex:1)
                commandEncoderModel.setVertexBuffer(colorBufferModel, offset:0, atIndex:2)
                commandEncoderModel.setVertexBuffer(uniformBufferModel, offset:0, atIndex:3)
                commandEncoderModel.setFragmentBuffer(uniformBufferModel, offset: 0, atIndex: 0)
                commandEncoderModel.drawPrimitives(.Point, vertexStart: 0, vertexCount: vertextCountModel)
                commandEncoderModel.endEncoding()
                commandBufferModel.presentDrawable(drawable)

                // bufferIndex matches the current semaphore controled frame index to ensure writing occurs at the correct region in the vertex buffer
                bufferIndex = (bufferIndex + 1) % MaxBuffers
                commandBufferSky.commit()

                bufferIndex = (bufferIndex + 1) % MaxBuffers
                commandBufferModel.commit()

            }

and here is the function for building the pipeline:
//Model
        let library = device!.newDefaultLibrary()!

        let vertexFunctionModel = library.newFunctionWithName("vertex_ply")
        let fragmentFunctionModel = library.newFunctionWithName("fragment_ply")
        let vertexFunctionSky = library.newFunctionWithName("vertex_sky")
        let fragmentFunctionSky = library.newFunctionWithName("fragment_sky")

        //Model
        let vertexDescriptorModel = MTLVertexDescriptor()
        vertexDescriptorModel.attributes[0].offset = 0
        vertexDescriptorModel.attributes[0].format = .Float4
        vertexDescriptorModel.attributes[0].bufferIndex = 0
        vertexDescriptorModel.layouts[0].stepFunction = .PerVertex
        vertexDescriptorModel.layouts[0].stride = sizeof(Float) * 4

        //Sky
        let vertexDescriptorSky = MTLVertexDescriptor()
        vertexDescriptorSky.attributes[0].offset = 0
        vertexDescriptorSky.attributes[0].format = .Float4
        vertexDescriptorSky.attributes[0].bufferIndex = 0
        vertexDescriptorSky.attributes[1].offset = sizeof(Float32) * 4
        vertexDescriptorSky.attributes[1].format = .Float4
        vertexDescriptorSky.attributes[1].bufferIndex = 0
        vertexDescriptorSky.attributes[2].offset = sizeof(Float32) * 8
        vertexDescriptorSky.attributes[2].format = .Float2
        vertexDescriptorSky.attributes[2].bufferIndex = 0
        vertexDescriptorSky.layouts[0].stepFunction = .PerVertex
        vertexDescriptorSky.layouts[0].stride = sizeof(Vertex)

        //Model
        let pipelineDescriptorModel = MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor()
        pipelineDescriptorModel.vertexFunction = vertexFunctionModel
        pipelineDescriptorModel.vertexDescriptor = vertexDescriptorModel
        pipelineDescriptorModel.fragmentFunction = fragmentFunctionModel
        pipelineDescriptorModel.colorAttachments[0].pixelFormat = .BGRA8Unorm

        //Sky
        let pipelineDescriptorSky = MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor()
        pipelineDescriptorSky.vertexFunction = vertexFunctionSky
        pipelineDescriptorSky.vertexDescriptor = vertexDescriptorSky
        pipelineDescriptorSky.fragmentFunction = fragmentFunctionSky
        pipelineDescriptorSky.colorAttachments[0].pixelFormat = .BGRA8Unorm
        pipelineDescriptorSky.depthAttachmentPixelFormat = .Depth32Float

        //Model
        do {
            pipelineModel = try device!.newRenderPipelineStateWithDescriptor(pipelineDescriptorModel)
        } catch {
            print("error with device.newRenderPipelineStateWithDescriptor")
        }

//        //Sky
        do {
            pipelineSky = try device!.newRenderPipelineStateWithDescriptor(pipelineDescriptorSky)
        } catch {
            print("error with device.newRenderPipelineStateWithDescriptor")
        }

        //Model
        let depthStencilDescriptor = MTLDepthStencilDescriptor()
        depthStencilDescriptor.depthCompareFunction = .Less
        depthStencilDescriptor.depthWriteEnabled = true
        depthStencilState = device!.newDepthStencilStateWithDescriptor(depthStencilDescriptor)
        commandQueue = device!.newCommandQueue()

        //Sky
        let samplerDescriptorSky = MTLSamplerDescriptor()
        samplerDescriptorSky.minFilter = .Nearest
        samplerDescriptorSky.magFilter = .Linear
        samplerStateSky = device!.newSamplerStateWithDescriptor(samplerDescriptorSky)

A: Unless you want to do encoding work across threads, you only need to create one command buffer per frame. Also, unless you need to perform rendering in multiple passes (not just multiple draw calls, actually reading image data back from one pass in a subsequent pass), you only need one render command encoder per command buffer.
In pseudocode, here's what one frame looks like:
// semaphore wait
commandBuffer = commandQueue.makeCommandBuffer()!
commandBuffer.addCompletedHandler {
    // semaphore signal
}
commandEncoder = commandBuffer.makeRenderCommandEncoder()!
for obj in objects {
    commandEncoder.setRenderPipelineState(renderPipeline)
    commandEncoder.setVertexBuffer(...)
    // set other per-draw state on the encoder
    commandEncoder.drawPrimitives(...)
}
commandEncoder.endEncoding()
commandBuffer.presentDrawable(currentDrawable)
commandBuffer.commit()