text:
The Weird History Of Alchemy
By Benito Cereno/Updated: Dec. 26, 2020 12:52 am EST
The word "alchemy" alone is enough to conjure images of strange medieval scholars or magicians, combining strange powders and smoking acids in an attempt to transmute base matter into something valuable in some moldy dungeon laboratory filled with suspicious things in sealed jars. We can all imagine what the alchemist wants: to turn lead into gold. Though the goal may be common knowledge, the processes are secretive and byzantine. Alchemy as a subject is largely a mystery, because despite its connections to modern chemical sciences, alchemical practices were often cloaked in metaphorical language and esoteric, mystical philosophy.
Perhaps needless to say, alchemy is pretty weird. Can a person pour acid on mercury until it turns to gold, or inject human genetic material into manure until it becomes a small, magical person? No, of course not. We know that now, but years ago people believed bizarre things, all over the world. How did such practices come to be? Well, you'll have to read on to learn the weird history of alchemy.
What does alchemy want?
Joseph Wright/Wikipedia
Generally speaking, the kernel at the heart of all alchemical knowledge is if every substance is made up of some combination of the four Aristotelian elements–earth, fire, air, and water (no heart, alas)–then if you could figure out the right proportions of those four things, you could make whatever you wanted. This is, of course, the basic idea behind the most famous goal of alchemy–turning "base" metals like lead into precious metals like gold.
And as Britannica explains, transmutation was the throughline of much of alchemical thought: change a worthless metal to a valuable one, change a sick person to a healthy one, change an old person to a young one, or change something mundane into something supernatural. The goals of alchemy were always positive change, with the main goals being riches, long life, and indeed, immortality.
As such, besides the creation of gold, alchemists sought to create an elixir of immortality, panaceas that could cure any illness, and a universal solvent (i.e., a substance that could dissolve anything). At various times, any of these concepts was associated with the idea of the philosopher's stone (or sorcerer's stone, for any Americans out there). And, you know, if you just happen to make a tiny jar person that lets you turn into a cow or magically produce poisonous snakes, that's just another cool alchemical bonus.
Alchemy has its origins in Egypt
There are three major strands of alchemy that developed over the world. The form most modern people are likely most familiar with is Western alchemy, which began in Hellenistic Egypt before moving into the Arab world and finally into medieval Europe, where the image of a guy in a moldy old castle trying to grow a man in a jar would have taken shape. But before you get to European homunculi, you have to start in the great Egyptian city of Alexandria, at one time the center of all the world's knowledge.
As the Encyclopedia Britannica explains, Alexandria, as a melting pot of Egyptian, Greek, and Babylonian learning, became the natural starting point for the odd mix of philosophy, technology, and mysticism that is alchemy. One of the earliest recognized authors on the topic of alchemy is the possibly fictional Zosimus of Panopolis, who traced the origins of his work to the arts of metallurgy taught to human women by the fallen angels who made giant babies with them in the apocryphal Book of Enoch. Zosimus also credits most of the innovations of alchemy to a woman known only as Maria the Jewess.
Strangely, Maria the Jewess's most enduring legacy might be as the credited inventor of the heating apparatus known as a bain-marie (literally "Maria's bath"), which you might remember causing Steph to mess up her Stilton souffles on The Great British Baking Show.
The thrice-great god of alchemy
The central figure of the mythology of Hellenistic alchemy is Hermes Trismegistus ("Hermes the three-times-the-greatest"), who, like alchemy itself, is a weird mashup of Greek and Egyptian cultures. As the Gnosis Archive explains, at the heart of Hermes Trismegistus is, as you might guess, the Greek god Hermes. If you only have a passing familiarity with Greek mythology, you might just think of Hermes as the guy with the wing hat (and maybe he delivers flowers?), but really he was the god of such things as communication, quick thinking, and invention. However, one of the ways the Greeks and Romans were so successful in their empire building is they were able to reconcile their own polytheistic religion with those of their conquered territories by saying, "Hey, your guy is like our guy; they're the same, actually," a process known as syncretism.
So Hermes Trismegistus is Greek Hermes, but he's also Egyptian Thoth, who, like Hermes, was a god of communication, language, and secret knowledge. But he was also, like, a regular dude? In many of the writings surrounding Hermes Trismegistus, he is treated more like a mysterious prophet and teacher than Two Gods Who Are One. This fictional-or-is-he-two-gods prophet is the credited author of a wide body of sacred texts known as the Hermetic Corpus, which explain alchemy, astrology, and the nature of the cosmos, among other subjects.
The rise of Islamic alchemy
Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, which kicked off the era commonly referred to as the Dark Ages, the torch of alchemical knowledge was picked up by the Arab world, which became the leading intellectual center in this era. According to Explorable, Islamic alchemists refined the ideas of Greek alchemy into something more closely approaching recognizable scientific methods, perhaps ironically by focusing on the Aristotelian idea of the four classical elements.
One of the leading Islamic alchemists was Jabir ibn Hayyan, to whom a corpus of over 3,000 alchemical works–including a number of works by a Latin-speaking European impostor who called himself by the Latinized Geber–are credited with wildly varying degrees of probability. Jabir felt every substance contained some proportion of the four Aristotelian natures–hot, cold, wet, and dry–such that the portions of each nature in every substance added up to a multiple of 17. Science! He also argued all metals were made of some combination of mercury, which is the pure metal, and sulfur, which was a corruptive element. Find a way to balance that combination, and you can make whatever.
The ultimate goal of Jabir's work is a process known as takwin, by which he would be able to create artificial life in laboratory conditions, Frankenstein-style. Books within the Jabirian corpus include recipes for terrifying snakes, scorpions, and even humans, all of which would follow the commands of their creator.
Alchemy gets European
The dawn of what is known as the High Middle Ages in the 12th century saw a renaissance of sorts in which formerly lost knowledge was recovered, leading to an intellectual revitalization in Europe. Among the material introduced (or reintroduced) to medieval Europe at this time were translations of Arabic writings on alchemy and the works of Aristotle. And so it was, as ThoughtCo explains, alchemy reached its best-known form as the mixture of science, pseudoscience, philosophy, and the occult practiced by Europeans in funny hats we think of today.
Although many medieval alchemists were Catholic–including possibly the most famous theologian of all time Thomas Aquinas–the pre-Christian origins and secretive nature of alchemy led to the practice being condemned by the Church, and soon alchemists found themselves with reputations as liars, thieves, or wizards. In fact, Roger Bacon, a 13th century monk who was a very real human and the first European to figure out gunpowder, was widely reputed to have made a magical brass robot head powered by the Devil that could tell the future.
Another famous name associated with medieval alchemy is Nicholas Flamel, who was a real person and not just a Harry Potter character. While his posthumous reputation has been that of a great alchemist who actually managed to discover the philosopher's stone and achieve immortality, it turns out Flamel probably didn't actually practice alchemy at all.
Alchemy's magnum opus
Most of the processes related to alchemy ultimately aspired to the alteration and refinement of substances, and the greatest attainable height of that idea is frequently called the magnum opus–the great work–of alchemy. As Learn Religions explains, this process is difficult for us to understand from a modern perspective, because alchemists so frequently used coded and allegorical language to discuss their work, and because so many alchemical authors talk about it differently. The goal of the magnum opus seems to have been a refinement and purification of both body and soul relating to the creation of the philosopher's stone out of the prima materia, the base matter of the universe.
While hard to understand, the process included (usually) four different stages related to color: nigredo, a blackening, representing decomposition and decay; albedo, a whitening, representing purification; citrinitas, a yellowing, a transition from silver to gold; and rubedo, a reddening, as red was associated with the color gold. Through these processes, the prima materia (possibly an allegory for the soul) is broken down and refined again and again, ultimately being reduced to two opposite substances known as the red king and the white queen (which might be sulfur and mercury?). These substances combine in an allegorical process called a chemical marriage, which results in the creation of a two-headed hermaphroditic being called a rebis, which represents a unification of spirit and matter.
Alchemy in the Renaissance
Quentin Matsys/Wikipedia
Alchemy arguably reached its height in the Renaissance, thanks in part to new translations of the Hermetic Corpus and the writings of Plato from the 15th century allowing Greek-illiterate Europeans to experience these works for the first time. This saw a resurgence of Platonic philosophy and a hefty injection of Hermetic mysticism back into alchemy. As such, alchemy began at this time forming different branches, some of which pursued alchemy's more medical applications, and others that aspired for more occultic goals. Also at this time, many of history's most famous alchemists, such as Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, John Dee, and Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus, plied their trade.
Agrippa leaned into the occultic side of things, combining alchemy with Hermeticism and Jewish Kabbalah in a practice known as natural magic. As Llewellyn explains, natural magic arises from the mystical properties of natural objects such as herbs or the stars, as opposed to the magic that comes from performing rituals or summoning creepy demons. Agrippa and Dee (consultant to Queen Elizabeth I and renowned angel summoner) both held to the Hermetic principle "as above, so below," which states every material object is a reflection of higher spiritual powers.
Meanwhile, Paracelsus, while still a huckster in some respects, was instrumental in the transition from alchemy to chemistry, moving away from the pursuit of gold and examining the medicinal properties of various substances and exploring the ties between mental and physical health.
The accomplishments of alchemy
While in a lot of ways alchemy as a concept is a sort of representative shorthand for pseudoscience, you can't say literally no good came from it. Yes, it's true no one ever figured out how to turn aluminum foil to gold without some kind of particle accelerator and so far there hasn't been any real progress made on an elixir of immortality, but even if only by accident, medieval and early modern alchemists made a number of contributions that continue to affect our lives today.
Although Britannica is hesitant to credit alchemy with many of the developments that led to chemistry (preferring instead to attribute those discoveries to pharmacists and other medical chemists), even they can't deny the search for the philosopher's stone led to the discovery of substances such as sal ammoniac (very important to weird European candy) and saltpeter, as well as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sodium carbonate. Oh yeah: also alcohol, which you may have heard of. Alchemists were also the first to identify such elements as antimony, arsenic, and bismuth. Additionally, lots of the tools and laboratory devices developed by alchemists such as Maria the Jewess–including implements for distillation, sublimation, and heating–are still used today. So while, yes, alchemy was largely a practice of quacks and charlatans eager for gold, they might have accidentally done some good for science.
Alchemy in ancient China
While modern readers are likely most familiar with the Western alchemy that began in Hellenistic Egypt, alchemy actually developed independently in three different branches in three geographic regions. Of these, the earliest branch was Chinese alchemy, which, as Britannica explains, has roots stretching back earlier than the others, because it was based less in metallurgy than in an even earlier art: medicine. As such, Chinese alchemy was much less concerned with turning lead to gold than finding the Grand Elixir of Immortality. (Britannica posits the difference in goals between Chinese and Western alchemists might be down to the religions of the respective cultures: Western alchemists were less concerned with immortality since their religion promised it to them, whereas Chinese religions at the time made no such promises, so alchemy picked up the slack.)
And so Chinese alchemy's chief aim was creating a solution of "drinkable gold," which was supposed to have the magical properties that would endow the drinker with immortality. However, since the alchemical elixirs tended to be made of mercury, sulfur, and arsenic, the opposite effect was usually the result. In fact, a fashion for these elixirs among the upper class in the Song dynasty led to a series of accidental suicides among Chinese emperors. Ultimately, these deaths brought about the death of alchemy among the Chinese, who decided to give Buddhism a shot instead.
Alchemy in ancient India
Gururaj Malekar/Wikipedia
The last major branch of alchemy comes from the Indian subcontinent, but its origins are hard to pin down. According to Britannica, it's possible Indian alchemists were influenced by the Chinese and by Hellenistic Greeks in the Alexander the Great-instituted province of Gandhara, but it's also equally likely the reverse is true, and the Chinese and Greeks were influenced by Indian alchemy. As Indian alchemy bears similarities to the other two branches, it probably won't surprise you its chief aims were the creation of gold and immortality, ideas which all three branches saw as connected. That said, India was less concerned with turning trash into gold than the Europeans, and less concerned with immortality than the Chinese. Their chief interest seemed to be using mineral substances to remedy specific diseases and promoting long life.
Among the main goals of Indian alchemy were the creation of a divine body and the achievement of immortality while in that magic body. As with the other branches of alchemy, the two central metals of Indian alchemy were mercury and sulfur, which they interpreted as the, uh, typically male bodily fluid of the god Shiva and the, ahem, typically female bodily fluid of the goddess Devi. Presumably since drinking a mixture of those things was the source of eternal life, that's why no one ever attained it.
Alchemy and the occult revival
Alchemy more or less died out in the modern period thanks to the advances in what we would consider "actual science" during the Enlightenment, with the possibility of making gold via chemical means eventually disproved in the 19th century. Plus, the fact people were dying from drinking mercury and arsenic didn't help alchemy's chances. But as the rise of anti-vaxxers has shown, there is no practice so archaic, discredited, and dangerous that rich white people won't try to bring it back.
As the Gnosis Archives explains, the 19th century saw a revival in the interest of all things occult, which led to the creation of various esoteric and exclusive occult secret societies, many of whom resumed the pursuit of alchemy. However, by this time, alchemy had been fully divided from chemistry and was seen entirely as the realm of gold-making fraudsters, and so the new school of alchemists–who generally referred to themselves as Hermeticists–claimed alchemy was not at all a series of practical applications, but instead a series of allegories for spiritual purification and enlightenment. According to 19th century spiritual alchemist Mary Anne Atwood, "Alchemy is an universal art of vital chemistry which by fermenting the human spirit purifies and finally dissolves it," which sounds a lot like, "Um, actually, turning lead into gold obviously isn't a real thing and was just a metaphor the whole time and you were just too dumb to get it." Sure thing, Mary Anne.
The convoluted etymology of alchemy
Jan Matejko/Wikipedia
The concept of alchemy itself is a strange mishmash of cultures, so it's not a huge surprise even the word "alchemy" only gets to us via a fairly winding path through a murderer's row of major languages. As the Online Etymology Dictionary explains, the word alchemy comes to English directly from the Old French alchimie, which itself comes from the Medieval Latin word alkimia. That part isn't surprising; that's the exact origin of an enormous percentage of English words.
It's when you look into where the Latin word comes from things get complicated. The Latin alkimia comes from the Arabic word al-kimiya (the al here just meaning "the," which can also be seen in English words like algebra and alcohol), but the Arabic word comes from the Greek word khemeia. All of these words mean, well, roughly, "alchemy." So where did the Greek come from? Harder to say, but possibly from an old name for Egypt, Khemia, meaning "land of black earth," since alchemy first developed in Egypt, but it might also come from a Greek word meaning "juice," because alchemy is like a mingling of a bunch of weird juices mixed together. So, it either means "the black dirt thing" or "the juice thing" depending on who you believe.
And, yes, of course the word chemistry is related. The two words were synonymous for a while, but gained their scientific vs. pseudoscientific distinction around 1600.


This website will give any photo booth company everything it needs to establish a great internet presence. This website is customized to fit any photo booth company's needs. As all of our websites it has responsive design to be viewed on most devices.
This deluxe website will give any photo booth company everything it needs to establish a great internet presence. This website is customized to fit any photo booth company's needs. As all of our websites it has responsive design to be viewed on most devices. This website includes online booking, testimonial widget and other premium features.
This website does not come with regular monthly maintenance and updates once the website is live. Monthly maintenance and updates are available for an additional cost.
This website does not include monthly hosting. Hosting is available with our company for additional cost.
This website does not include the purchase of a domain name. Domain names can be purchase with our company for additional cost.


after installing u2000 v100r002c01spc100 on our hp proliant dl380 server (running win 2003 server) to work as a replacement nms for broadband network, i defined all the dslams ma5600 v3r3c5 we had in n2000 bms, but i faced problem the all the dslam are not giving any information.
then i tried to make ne synchronization for each dslam but the result was negative also.
at the same time i defined ne40 routers, firewalls and switches and all of them are working properly and they got synchronized and we managed to synchronize all the traps and alarms sent by these equipments. but after defining gpons on u2000 we had the same result as dslams.
after that the synchronization issues will be solved.
the synchronization problem is in access equipments db only.
the attached files include the logs.
if bms data in u2000 for access equipments are not synchronized well we have to change the operate id from 16 to 99916 in bmsdb..bms_gdm_resversiontab.


Pacific Insurance Group works with multiple disability income insurance companies, below are the disablity income quoters for Principal and Illinois Mutual.
A paraprofessional is a person who is trained, certified or licensed to assist a doctor, surgeon, dentist, veterinarian, registered nurse or other professional.
A skilled trades worker is a person who is trained, certified or licensed in a particular trade or type of work that requires special training, advanced skill or manual proficiency.
It took years of training, education and commitment to get where you are. And now you have a lifestyle and a financial future to protect if you become too sick or hurt to work. If your occupation is in any of these industries below, please use Principal for your DI quote.


Chris Burke is earning the right to be part of the Astros lineup daily. He has hit safely in nine of his last thirteen games; and last night became the spark behind Houston's explosive hitting that beat the Chicago Cubs 9-2.
It was a career night for Burke, going 4-for-4, scoring 5 runs and driving in one, with a solo homer off starter Sean Marshall. Lance Berkman was also a main force, going 2-for-4 with 3 RBI.
Since early this season, we knew the Astros had plenty of capable outfielders suited for playing every day. Burke definitely wants to prove he has what it takes to do just that. It's interesting to see that Burke and Mike Lamb, not precisely marquee players, taking the offensive lead. Phil Garner will have a hard time trying to sit them on the bench anytime soon.
And pitching-wise, it was a very good night for Andy Pettitte, who struggled in the beginning but was able to get himself on the right track, in an outing that was quite an improvement over his previous starts. Five hits and an earned run in seven frames. Brad Lidge had some trouble but the damage was small.
There isn't much to complain about when the bats are swinging the right way, and especially when Pettitte, who's had a big share of difficulties, has a strong appearance like this one.
Yay, explosive hitting! How about Chris Burke? It's hard to argue that he should sit and Willy T should play, but my heart aches a little every time Willy comes in to play the ninth with a big lead, or whatever. It must be difficult for Willy to lose his starting job like that… That being said, I love everything about Chris Burke–I love his style and his energy and his toughness. Maybe because he reminds me of Bidge.
How do you feel about Lane in the 3-spot?
Bidge, Burke, Berkman, Ensberg, Lamb, Lane, Ausmus, Everett and then the Pitcher..
See, now I like Lane batting third. I think it'll give him something to hit… if Berkman bats behind him. And you forgot Wilson 🙂 Whether we like it or not–he's in it for the duration, I'm afraid.
For me Lane is not out of the woods, not yet.
Garner will probably keep tinkering his lineup for a while, moving Lane, Lamb and Burke here or there, if Berkman or Biggio needs a day off.
Wilson shouldn't be knocked. After a slow start he hit .295 in May and is hitting .326 in June.
It's not looking good for Willy T. I'm tempted to ship him down to the minors to polish off his fundamentals and bring in one Luke Scott.
Who was the guy who hit the walk off homerun in the Astros 18 inning affair last year? My friend keeps saying it was Chris Burke and I think so too, but I am not sure.
Anyways, I missed the Santana show last night because of a migraine and am very upset. Talk about good pitching!
I saw your responses on MLBlogosphere. I remember Magic Johnson, but not him saying he had AIDs. I think I was two or three when that happened. I don't remember Johnny Carson at all though I was alive. However, I do remember the Red Sox winning the division in 1995. I was 5. Maybe this year they'll do it again.
Yes it was Chris Burke!
Arielle, I still have Milo Hamilton calling that homer on mp3.. I can send it to you so you can hear it..
Lisa, what do I think about Lane in the third spot? I told Thomas last night that Lane must be in situations just like that one so he can demonstrate if he's truly up to the task. I believe that's what Garner's going after. So I see it fitting.. he has what it takes and this is the moment in which he has to show he can do the job.
And as for Ensberg: Josh, I think we might just have to accept he's a streaky player. He had a torrid April, a ridiculous April, then a dismal May. We'll see what he can do… I still think last season was a breakout season for him and that he'll get it together. At least I hope so.


text:
Cases reported "Agnosia"
Filtering documents. Please wait...
1/58. Memories are made of this: the effects of time on stored visual knowledge in a case of visual agnosia.
We report the effects of the passage of time on the longterm visual knowledge for objects in a patient with visual agnosia (H.J.A.). The naming of real objects was found to have improved, although this was not associated with any change in H.J.A.'s basic perceptual abilities which were stable over a 16-year period. The improvement in object naming was attributed to better use of non-contour-based visual information (such as surface detail and depth cues). In addition, we demonstrate a deterioration in H.J.A.'s long-term memory for the visual properties of objects, and argue that this has occurred as a result of his having impaired perceptual input. The deterioration was only apparent in drawing from memory and in the verbal descriptions of items; with forced-choice testing, H.J.A. operated at ceiling; we propose that current tests of visual imagery may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect subtle impairments of visual memory. Our findings can be taken to indicate that perceptual and memorial processes are not functionally independent, but are linked in an interactive manner.
ranking = 1
keywords = information
(Clic here for more details about this article)
2/58. Tactile morphagnosia secondary to spatial deficits.
A 73-year old man showed visual and tactile agnosia following bilateral haemorrhagic stroke. Tactile agnosia was present in both hands, as shown by his impaired recognition of objects, geometrical shapes, letters and nonsense shapes. Basic somatosensory functions and the appreciation of substance qualities (hylognosis) were preserved. The patient's inability to identify the stimulus shape (morphagnosia) was associated with a striking impairment in detecting the orientation of a line or a rod in two- and three-dimensional space. This spatial deficit was thought to underlie morphagnosia, since in the tactile modality form recognition is built upon the integration of the successive changes of orientation in space made by the hand as it explores the stimulus. Indirect support for this hypothesis was provided by the location of the lesions, which could not account for the severe impairment of both hands. Only those located in the right hemisphere encroached upon the posterior parietal cortex, which is the region assumed to be specialised in shape recognition. The left hemisphere damage spared the corresponding area and could not, therefore, be held responsible for the right hand tactile agnosia. We submit that tactile agnosia can result from the disruption of two discrete mechanisms and has different features. It may arise from a parietal lesion damaging the high level processing of somatosensory information that culminates in the structured description of the object. In this case, tactile recognition is impaired in the hand contralateral to the side of the lesion. Alternatively, it may be caused by a profound derangement of spatial skills, particularly those involved in detecting the orientation in space of lines, segments and complex patterns. This deficit results in morphagnosia, which affects both hands to the same degree.
3/58. Unconscious letter discrimination is enhanced by association with conscious color perception in visual form agnosia.
Adaptive behavior guided by unconscious visual cues occurs in patients with various kinds of brain damage as well as in normal observers, all of whom can process visual information of which they are fully unaware [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]. Little is known on the possibility that unconscious vision is influenced by visual cues that have access to consciousness [9]. Here we report a 'blind' letter discrimination induced through a semantic interaction with conscious color processing in a patient who is agnosic for visual shapes, but has normal color vision and visual imagery. In seeing the initial letters of color names printed in different colors, it is normally easier to name the print color when it is congruent with the initial letter of the color name than when it is not [10]. The patient could discriminate the initial letters of the words 'red' and 'green' printed in the corresponding colors significantly above chance but without any conscious accompaniment, whereas he performed at chance with the reverse color-letter mapping as well as in standard tests of letter reading. We suggest that the consciously perceived colors activated a representation of the corresponding word names and their component letters, which in turn brought out a partially successful, unconscious processing of visual inputs corresponding to the activated letter representations.
4/58. Auditory agnosia and auditory spatial deficits following left hemispheric lesions: evidence for distinct processing pathways.
Auditory recognition and auditory spatial functions were studied in four patients with circumscribed left hemispheric lesions. Patient FD was severely deficient in recognition of environmental sounds but normal in auditory localisation and auditory motion perception. The lesion included the left superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri and lateral auditory areas (as identified in previous anatomical studies), but spared Heschl's gyrus, the acoustic radiation and the thalamus. Patient SD had the same profile as FD, with deficient recognition of environmental sounds but normal auditory localisation and motion perception. The lesion comprised the postero-inferior part of the frontal convexity and the anterior third of the temporal lobe; data from non-human primates indicate that the latter are interconnected with lateral auditory areas. Patient MA was deficient in recognition of environmental sounds, auditory localisation and auditory motion perception, confirming that auditory spatial functions can be disturbed by left unilateral damage; the lesion involved the supratemporal region as well as the temporal, postero-inferior frontal and antero-inferior parietal convexities. Patient CZ was severely deficient in auditory motion perception and partially deficient in auditory localisation, but normal in recognition of environmental sounds; the lesion involved large parts of the parieto-frontal convexity and the supratemporal region. We propose that auditory information is processed in the human auditory cortex along two distinct pathways, one lateral devoted to auditory recognition and one medial and posterior devoted to auditory spatial functions.
5/58. Neuronal representation of object orientation.
The dissociation between object identity and object orientation observed in six patients with brain damage, has been taken as evidence for a view-invariant model of object recognition. However, there was also some indication that these patients were not generally agnosic for object orientation but were able to gain access to at least some information about objects' canonical upright. We studied a new case (KB) with spared knowledge of object identity and impaired perception of object orientation using a forced choice paradigm to contrast directly the patient's ability to perceive objects' canonical upright vs non-upright orientations. We presented 2D-pictures of objects with unambiguous canonical upright orientations in four different orientations (0 degrees, -90 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees ). KB showed no impairment in identifying letters, objects, animals, or faces irrespective of their given orientation. Also, her knowledge of upright orientation of stimuli was perfectly preserved. In sharp contrast, KB was not able to judge the orientation when the stimuli were presented in a non-upright orientation. The findings give further support for a distributed view-based representation of objects in which neurons become tuned to the features present in certain views of an object. Since we see more upright than inverted animals and familiar objects, the statistics of these images leads to a larger number of neurons tuned for objects in an upright orientation. We suppose that probably for this reason KB's knowledge of upright orientation was found to be more robust against neuronal damage than knowledge of other orientations.
6/58. Task-specific effects of orientation information: neuropsychological evidence.
The deficits underlying orientation agnosia in a patient (MB) with a right fronto-temporo-parietal lesion were examined. Like similar patients in the literature, MB was impaired at discriminating whether objects were upright or not and, in copying, she tended to re-represent stimuli as upright. In addition, MB failed to show the normal effects of rotation on object identification; her naming of objects rotated 45 degrees from upright was no slower than her naming of upright items. Effects of the degree of rotation did emerge, however, when she had to perform a matching task that required mental rotation. The evidence suggests that orientation may be coded in several ways (e.g. separately between objects and relative to the viewer), and that brain-damage can selectively affect the use of some but not all types of orientation information.
7/58. Monocular and binocular distance cues: insights from visual form agnosia I (of III).
The human nervous system constructs a Euclidean representation of near (personal) space by combining multiple sources of information (cues). We investigated the cues used for the representation of personal space in a patient with visual form agnosia (DF). Our results indicated that DF relies predominantly on binocular vergence information when determining the distance of a target despite the presence of other (retinal) cues. Notably, DF was able to construct an Euclidean representation of personal space from vergence alone. This finding supports previous assertions that vergence provides the nervous system with veridical information for the construction of personal space. The results from the current study, together with those of others, suggest that: (i) the ventral stream is responsible for extracting depth and distance information from "monocular" retinal cues (i.e. from shading, texture, perspective) and (ii) the dorsal stream has access to binocular information (from horizontal image disparities and vergence). These results also indicate that DF was not able to use size information to gauge target distance, suggesting that intact temporal cortex is necessary for "learned size" to influence distance processing. Our findings further suggest that in neurologically intact humans, object information extracted in the ventral pathway is combined with the products of dorsal stream processing for guiding prehension. Finally, we studied the "size-distance paradox" in visual form agnosia in order to explore the cognitive use of size information. The results of this experiment were consistent with a previous suggestion that the paradox is a cognitive phenomenon.
8/58. Vertical gaze angle as a distance cue for programming reaching: insights from visual form agnosia II (of III).
It has been shown that a patient with visual form agnosia (DF) relies predominantly on vergence information when gauging target distance in an open-loop pointing task. This finding suggested that the programming of prehension might be severely disrupted if DF viewed target objects through ophthalmic prisms. An initial experiment showed that this prediction was not upheld; DF was able to programme reasonably accurate movements to objects located on a tabletop despite large changes in vergence angle. A second experiment, however, showed that placing the target objects at eye height whilst manipulating vergence angle caused gross disruption to prehension, with DF mis-programming the reach component in a predictable manner. Notably, the evidence for DF's reliance on vergence distance information was obtained in a task where the targets were viewed at eye height. These experiments indicate that DF uses vertical gaze angle to gauge target distance in normal prehension and suggest that this extra-retinal cue may be a useful source of distance information for the human nervous system, especially where pictorial cues are impoverished.
9/58. The role of size and binocular information in guiding reaching: insights from virtual reality and visual form agnosia III (of III).
Reaching out to grasp an object requires information about the size of the object and the distance between the object and the body. We used a virtual reality system with a control population and a patient with visual form agnosia (DF) in order to explore the use of binocular information and size cues in prehension. The experiments consisted of a perceptual matching task in addition to a prehension task. In the prehension task, control participants modified their reach distance in response to step changes in vergence in the absence of any clear reference for relative disparity. Their reach distance was unaffected by equivalent step changes in size, even though they used this information to modify grasp and showed a size bias in a distance matching task. Notably, DF showed the same pattern of results as the controls but was far more sensitive to step changes in vergence. This finding complements previous research suggesting that DF relies predominantly on vergence information when gauging target distance. The results from the perceptual matching tasks confirmed previous findings suggesting that DF is unable to make use of size information for perceptual matching, including distance comparisons. These data are discussed with regard to the properties of the pathways subserving the two visual cortical processing streams.
10/58. visual perception without awareness in a patient with posterior cortical atrophy: impaired explicit but not implicit processing of global information.
A patient with progressive posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) was examined on several tests of visual cognition. The patient displayed multiple visual cognitive deficits, which included problems identifying degraded stimuli, attending to two or more stimuli simultaneously, recognizing faces, tracing simple visual stimuli, matching simple shapes, and copying objects. The patient was also impaired in identifying visual targets contained at the global level within global-local stimuli (i.e., smaller letters that compose a larger letter). Although the patient denied any conscious awareness of the global form, he nevertheless displayed a normal pattern of global interference when asked to identify local level targets. Thus, the patient processed the global information despite not being consciously aware of such information. These results suggest that global-local processing can take place in the absence of awareness. Possible neurocognitive mechanisms explaining this dissociation are discussed.
| Next ->
Leave a message about 'Agnosia'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Magnetic bracelets magnetic necklaces copper bracelets tifosi sunglornamentes and sterling silver jewelry are on sale ship free worldwide and come with a Timeless style abounds with this sterling silver diamond tennis bracelet.Sterling Silver Small Byzantine Bracelet. Free shipping & easy 30-day returns. Fabulous jewelry. Great prices. Since 1952.
Find great deals on eBay for white gold diamond bracelet and white gold diamond tennis bracelet. Shop with confidence.Shop for diamond bracelet 18k gold on Etsy Droplet Diamond Bracelet in 18k solid gold with white diamonds adjustable VivienFrankDesigns. 5 out Buy Bracelets at Macys. Shop fine jewelry for charm bracelets diamond bracelets gold bracelets & more. Free Shipping with 99 Purchase.
Google is compensated by these merchants. Payment is one of several factors used to rank these results. Tax and shipping costs are estimates.Full wrist-time review with jewelry & original photos of the Rolex Submariner 116610LV Hulk watch including price specs & jewelryysis.Antique Gold Hallmarks Question Searching for a Jewelry Manufacturer Ask the Hallmark Guru on the Hallmark Channel..


TIP TOP IV is a Loading... luxury yacht, built by Pesca Polaris and delivered in 2006. Her top speed is 12.0kn and she boasts a maximum cruising range of 600.0nm at 12.0kn with power coming from two 442.0hp Deutz-MWM BF8M1015MC diesel engines. She can accommodate up to 16 people with 8 crew members waiting on their every need.


READY TO SUBMIT A JOB?
Mr. Copy specializes in color copies. Most orders that do not require finishing will be prepared while you wait. Just bring in your print-ready PDF file. We'll make you a sample and, if you approve it, we'll run your job while you wait. Orders up to 500 copies take less than 10 minutes on most papers. For jobs requiring folding or stapling, just plan on leaving it with us for awhile but almost all orders can be completed the same day. Having the PDF is key, so make sure you save your file as a PDF before you head over. The best way to submit your PDF file is on a thumb drive or in your email.


Where buy pink gold promise rings for sale - Find the pink gold promise rings brands, reviews and great prices!
www.ringsxhq.ddns.info offers the absolute best online shopping experience for gear. If you can't make up your mind on which pink gold promise rings to get then take a look at our pink gold promise rings reviews and compare leading brands to discover a product which is ideal for you. Our on-line product reviews of pink gold promise rings can help you obtain the information you want and let you discover which pink gold promise rings consumers believe are the best available on the market. Regardless your personality, age, or status, we have the best diamond rings in East Alabama to suit your style. whether you are looking for mens tough wedding rings, authentic diamond nose rings or full finger engagement rings, we've chosen the best for your needs.


Download Nintendo Switch Emulator and enjoy the New Switch Games on your platforms. Ps2 bios emulator for android. If you own a reasonably powerful computer then PCSX2 is a great emulator.
More often than not emulators carry additional features that surpass the limitations of the original hardware, timescale control, clearer quality, such as broader controller compatibility, greater performance easier access. Nintendo Switch Emulator for PC Android MAC. Today I' m going to tell you how you can play PlayStation 2 Games on your Android Device with the help of brand new DamonPS2 Pro PS2 Emulator. Without a doubt the iFive Mini 4S, this one really surprised with a fully laminated premium x 1536 high res screen.
AS we all know that Bios Files are are required for running PCsx2 PS2 Emulator which helps the games improvement. The compatibility rates for the emulator boast over 80% of all PS2 games as playable.
A video game console emulator is a type of emulator that allows a computing device to emulate a video game console' s hardware and play its games on the emulating platform. Without this bios files, you will not unable to load pcsx2. 01) ( Sony Playstation 2).
BIOS ini nantinya yang akan kita masukkan dalam penyetingan emulator selanjutnya. PCSX2 is a Playstation 2 emulator for PC. SmartPCFixer™ is a fully featured and easy- to- use system optimization suite.
Guide to download PS3 emulator on PC to play PS3 games on windows 7 8. LANGKAH LANGKAH CARA SETTING EMULATOR PS2 1.
For those as old as me those just rediscovering the genre here are the best World War II Games on Android. Pada file PS2 Emulator yang telah di extract tadi KLIK KANAN - OPEN.
66Ghz Core2Duo ' s game information and ROM download page for SegaCD Model 2 BIOS V2. For the rest of us, the Sony Playstation Portable is one of the best machines of its. I am providing the best Bios for PCsx2. With it fix errors, defrag disk, remove cache files, you can clean windows registry, update windows, download ' s game information ROM ( ISO) download page for Star Wars - Battlefront II ( v1.
An emulator is a program that allows one computer platform ( example PC with Windows XP Win98 Mac with Mac OS X) to mimic another for the purposes of running its software - in our case Games = DS roms. エミュレータの概要. FNF iFive Mini 4S.
The application also provides support for lower end computers as well, so all owners of. 0 adalah emulator untuk memainkan game PS2 di Windows dengan revisi update terbaru dan sudah banyak perbaikan bug dari versi sebelumnya juga terdapat penambahan fitur terbaru yang mencolok yaitu Emotion engine( EE) overclocking, pada intinya fitur ini berguna supaya game yang dijalankan lancar dan tidak lelet tentunya PC yang digunakan minimal harus memenuhi syarat yang.
Testing System: 2. If you own a reasonably powerful computer then PCSX2 is a great w this guide isn' t about the software end only because there are so many tutorials that explain it better than I could, but I will give a quick explanation as well as link you to some of my favorite tutorials.
For those of us who want the ultimate retro gaming experience, there' s the Hyperkin RetroN 5. 0 / day nintendo ds emulator 157.
PS3 emulator for PC : PS3 is best gaming console. We have also mentioned a very helpful guide on how to play ps2 games on android devices easily for free.
Now this guide isn' t about the software end but I will give a quick explanation, only because there are so many tutorials that explain it better than I could as well as link you to some of my favorite tutorials. With it fix errors, remove cache files, defrag disk, update windows, you can clean windows registry download dlls.
' s game information and ROM ( ISO) download page for Tales of Legendia ( Sony Playstation 2). Ps2 bios emulator for android.
Ps2 bios emulator for android. You' ll be surprised what we found.
Download here for all ' s game information and ROM ( ISO) download page for Star Wars - Battlefront II ( v1. I am sure you love PS3 games as you' re here. Ps2 bios emulator for android.
Here you can download Pcsx2 Playstation 2 Emulator Setup full version download links available after post content. Lalu akan muncul seperti pada gambar dibawah ini. 11 ( Sega Genesis).
PCSX2 a Playstation 2 emulator for Windows Linux Mac. 0 / day download free nintendo ds emulators 16. SONY Playstation 1 ( PSX/ PS1) The PSX is a 32- bit game console first released in Japan on December 3rd still is the third bestselling console of all times ( behind PS2 , 1994 Nintendo DS).
0 / day gameboy ds working emu games nds hyperds win ensata. Metal and glass build. Go through this post if you want to learn how to play ps3 games on pc by the use of play station3 emulators.
Post that in here! Page notes: ensata 1. Have a question comment pertaining to the administrating of ?
エミュレータとは、 ゲーム機やpcの機械部分の動作を模倣( エミュレート) して再現するソフトウェア. 1 xp vista computer/ laptop.


Due to the popularity of the destination and high seasonality, we strongly recommend early booking of hotel accommodation in order to benefit from the special rates for IFSO 2013 participants.
Free shuttles will be provided between congress hotels and the Haliç Congress Center twice daily. Meeting points will be announced closer to the date of the congress.
Istanbul is well known with its heavy traffic, we strongly recommend to use official accommodation facilities listed by the local organization below. Your selection of any hotel at your own will other than the official hotels might end up with 45 to 60 minutes driving due to heavy traffic.
Rooms will only be reserved after receiving one night deposit by credit card or bank transfer, and will be confirmed after receiving full payment. Payments should be completed before or on April 30, 2013.
For reservation requests on or after May 1, 2013, full payment by credit card or bank transfer will be required for confirmation.
Reservations only made through the IFSO 2013 Registration Secretariat (DEKON) will be honoured by free shuttle between the hotels and the congress venue.
Shuttle tickets will not be available for the reservations made through other sources. Shuttle tickets are not for sale.
Meeting points for the shuttle services will be announced between August 1 - 15, 2013.
Cancellations or changes should be received in writing by the IFSO 2013 Registration Secretariat (DEKON) by fax at +90 212 347 63 63, or via e-mail to registration@ifso2013.com . Please do not contact the hotels directly.
Please note that accommodation refunds will be processed within 30 days after the end of IFSO 2013, bank charges will be deducted from the refund.
Shuttle transfer can be operated with a minimum of 5 attendees. Dekon may cancel a transfer service if the minimum number of people required is not reached. In such cases, the fees will be fully refunded.


Submitted by Mondego on 2015-10-13 06:55.
There was a conflict between sigil int. and rtc_texture.
A sky.txi in rtc_texture pack, was trying to interact whit a sky.dds texture in sigil int., of course this makes the tolset crash, or you where not able to use the: window, main door, and stern bar, or the set crashes.
So, i used a null sky.txi, an empty txt, thath will override the rtc one, and all its ok now, just be shure to use this tileset above the rtc_main pack and rtc_texture.


text:
Home ⇾ Case Commentary ⇾ The "Return" of "Textualism" at the SCC?
Posted by: Mark Mancini in Case Commentary, Featured April 10, 2019	1 Comment
Under the so-called "modern approach" to statutory interpretation, courts are instructed to take into account the text, context, and purpose of a statute. But perhaps because the "text, context, and purpose" recital is so commonplace, other difficult interpretive questions are masked under its patina. For example, which takes priority—text or purpose? The Supreme Court has said that clear text is dominant in the interpretive process (see Placer Dome, at para 21; Canada Trustco, at para 10), but at the same time, the Court has often adverted to the role of purpose in interpretation, to the extent that purpose or policy considerations could override clear text (see the opinion of then-Chief Justice McLachlin in West Fraser Mills, at paras 40, 43). And, even if one could work out what the proper relationship is between text and purpose ,there is no guidance from the Court about what purpose, at what level of abstraction, should be relevant in the analysis. I have written about these issues before.
Luckily, the Supreme Court has provided some guidance to answering these questions in Telus Communications v Wellman, 2019 SCC 19. While the approach advanced in the case is not strictly textualist, it does represent the important idea that text dominates in the interpretive process, and that overall policy goals should not be permitted to override that text. While the Supreme Court is a laggard to these important conclusions (see the opinions of Stratas JA in Williams, Cheema, and Hillier), they come better late than never.
The case involved an important question of statutory interpretation under Ontario's Arbitration Actand Consumer Protection Act. Wellman filed a class action against Telus, consisting of both "consumers and non-consumers" [2]. The action alleged that Telus "engaged in an undisclosed practice of 'rounding up' calls to the next minute such that customers were overcharged…" [2]. All of the contracts binding the class provided that any claims "arising out of or in relation to the contract, apart from the collection of accounts by Telus, shall be determined through mediation, and failing that, arbitration" [3].
The problem for Wellman et al, though, was that not all of the members of the class were "consumers." Under the Consumer Protection Act, the arbitration clauses in the contracts are invalid, because "it would otherwise prevent class members who qualify as 'consumers' from commencing or joining a class action of the kind commenced by Mr. Wellman" [4]. The Consumer Protection Act"shields consumers from a stay of proceedings under the Arbitration Act" [4]. Telus conceded this point as regards the consumers. But there were non-consumer, business customers included in the class. The core question was whether they could escape the effect of a stay sought by Telus.
Wellman said that, under the Arbitration Act, s.7(5), the court had discretion to refuse Telus' request for a stay against the business customers, so that the business customers could continue in the class. Section 7(5) says the following:
7 (5) The court may stay the proceeding with respect to the matters dealt with in the arbitration agreement and allow it to continue with respect to other matters if it finds that,
(a) the agreement deals with only some of the matters in respect of which the proceeding was commenced; and
(b) it is reasonable to separate the matters dealt with in the agreement from the other matters.
Telus, though, fundamentally disputed this claim, arguing that under other provisions of the Arbitration Act, exceptions are set out that are exhaustive of all the legislative exceptions in the Arbitration Act scheme. Accordingly, to Telus, the Consumer Protection Act does not apply to the business consumers, and instead, the business claims should be stayed under the Arbitration Act [7].
Analysis in the Case
Moldaver J wrote for the majority, accepting Telus' argument. After citing the general modern approach to statutory interpretation of text, context, and purpose, he first grounded his view of the statute in its purpose. One of the principles of the Arbitration Act, appearing in the legislative history, was the need to ensure that parties "abide by their agreements," and that the law was designed to enshrine this idea [50]. Subsequent cases in courts across the country, to Moldaver J, accepted this idea [54].
Turning to the text, specifically s.7(1) of the Arbitration Act, Moldaver J wrote that it established a general rule: "where a party to an arbitration agreement commences a proceeding in respect of a matter dealt with in the agreement….the court "shall," on the motion of another party to the agreement, stay the court proceeding in favour of arbitration" [63]. This is, obviously, a mandatory statutory rule. Wellman, though, argued that s.7(5) excerpted above is an "independent, standalone" exception to s.7(1) [74]. This provision, which permits a "partial stay"—meaning that the court has a discretion to stay some of the claims for arbitration—is available if certain statutory preconditions are met and if the court exercises its discretion in favour of the stay. Wellman argued that s.7(5) could be read so that the court "may refuse to stay" the business customers' claims. But Moldaver J rejected this proposition, focusing on the text of s.7(5) in its statutory context. The text of s.7(5) says nothing about a court "refusing to grant a stay," and to him: "…where the legislature intended to authorize the court to refuse a stay, it did so through the words 'may refuse to stay'" [73]. Those words did not appear in s.7(5). And, with this text and context in mind, Moldaver J turned to purpose: allowing Wellman's argument would "reduce the degree of certainty and predictability associated with arbitration agreements," permitting the business customers to escape the effect of a stay [76].
Wellman also relied on certain policy considerations to support his preferred interpretation of the text [77]. One of these was a general principle of "access to justice," which "[removes] barriers to seeking relief in court" [77]. But there were two problems with importing this idea as a decisive principle for the case: (1) a rarefied idea of access to justice should not "be permitted to distort the actual words of the statute, read harmoniously with the scheme of the statute, its object, and the intention of the legislature, so as to make the provision say something it does not…the responsibility for setting policy in a parliamentary democracy rests with the legislature, not the courts…[i]t is not the role of this Court to re-write legislation [79]; and (2) the Ontario regime pursues access to justice by "shielding consumers from potentially harsh results of enforcing arbitration agreements…" by exempting consumers "and only consumers" from "otherwise freely negotiated agreements" [80]. This is in conjunction with the Arbitration Act's pursuit of the overall principle that parties should abide by their agreements. Access to justice, as a general idea, should not "be permitted to overwhelm the other important objectives pursued by the Arbitration Act…" [83].
While I do not have space to recount the minority opinion of Abella and Karakatsanis JJ, I want to note a particularly fiery charge that they chose to level at Moldaver J: "The majority's approach, with respect, in effect represents the return of textualism. The words have been permitted to dominate and extinguish the contextual policy objectives of both the Arbitration Act and the Class Proceedings Act [citations omitted]…" [109]. To the minority, the "overall purpose" of the Arbitration Act "was to promote access to justice" [137].
I want to say three things about this case. First, the minority's charge of "textualism" against Moldaver J is inaccurate and sloppy; (2) Moldaver J's approach, while not textualism, represents a defensible "textually constrained purposivism," that guards against a court aggrandizing to itself the power to "read-in" language to a statute; (3) both of the opinions show why relying on legislative history is such a fraught enterprise.
Consider first the minority's textualism charge. I can only imagine that Abella and Karakatsanis JJ were trying to make a rhetorical point, because I cannot believe that they—learned judges of our Supreme Court—could so misunderstand an entire school of interpretive thought. Textualism is directly opposite to "purposivism," which is primarily concerned with the ends a statute pursues. To the textualist, purpose is encompassed in the means the statute pursues. It is not concerned with an overall statement of purpose, per se: consider Scalia J's opinion in MCIand WVUH v Casey, and also Judge Easterbrook's article, "Statutes' Domains."
But Moldaver J's opinion does not just focus on means. It considers the ends of the Arbitration Act, including the overall "purpose" of respecting the agreement reached by parties in their contracts. Moldaver J's approach is much more realistic than the minority's approach, which chooses the "access to justice" purpose as the "overall purpose"—with no justification other than, apparently, judicial fiat. Moldaver J's approach recognizes that there are other purposes of the statute at play. This is not textualism.
That said, Moldaver J's approach does recognize that purposes do not exist in the abstract. They must be tied to statutory means. What is relevant is not the court's appreciation of what access to justice means, but what the legislature thinks it means, and the words the legislature used to represent that idea. And that legislative instantiation is existent in the Arbitration Act and Consumer Protection Act, working in pari materia. As Moldaver J noted, the Ontario regime is focused on permitting access to justice for "consumers," by allowing them to pursue claims in court. When we are talking about business customers, though, the legislation does not speak in abstract terms about access to justice writ large–the Arbitration Act has defined means to grant a partial stay, not means to refuse to grant a stay. It pursues the goal with limited means, in conjunction with other fairly discernible statutory purposes. Abella and Karakatsanis JJ—poets, apparently—say that "a provision must be assessed in all its textures — language, purpose, effect — to prevent the suffocation of its meaning by a technical literal reading of the words" [130]. But here, poetry suffocated prose, because the language of the statute works in symbiosis with purpose. Purpose does not override text. And in this respect, to my knowledge, it is not hornbook law that the Canadian approach is "intentionalist," as Abella and Karakatsanis JJ say [107], understood in the sense that intentions should override text. Intentionalism would mean taking a psychologist's armchair and determining what a legislator meant to say; not what was said.
This makes sense from a democratic perspective. Legislators, in their heads, may think of purposes when they enact laws. These purposes may range from "the public good," on one hand, to minute, technical considerations on the other. Because a court cannot discern which purpose ended up becoming law, we have to think about what the best evidence of the law could be in the circumstances. Usually, text is that best evidence. While it is not always definitive and clear—because language is not always definitive and clear—it is better than unexpressed intentions or abstract, tangential purposes.
I want to raise a final note about the use of legislative history. Both sides of the case relied on different aspects of the legislative history to support their particular interpretation. Because various statements existing in the legislative history are not ranked by importance, it is difficult for any court or observer to put more or less weight on various statements. So, like Judge Leventhal once said, legislative history is like looking over a crowd and picking out your friends. A judge predisposed to one interpretation will use legislative history to support his own view of the matter. If we are going to allow legislative history to be a valid part of statutory interpretation, it should only be relied on with severe caution, as an afterthought, and with the idea that its probative value is exceedingly low.
Notwithstanding the quibble about legislative history, Moldaver J's opinion is worthy of note because it finally recognizes that judges, under the guise of judicially divined "purposes," cannot override a contextual interpretation of the text. The text is what the legislature enacted. It should govern.
*This post originally appeared on Double Aspect*
purposivism statutory interpretation textualism	2019-04-10
Mark Mancini
Tagged with: purposivism statutory interpretation textualism
Previous: ARL Files Factum in Stillman Appeal
Next: The Original Meaning of Military Law
Unearthing Canadian Originalism: Reflections on my Conversation with Justice Stratas
A Matter of Deductions: Resolving Uncertainty in MVA Litigation
Statutory Interpretation in Canadian Administrative Law
chad madill
hey Mark, could negative textualism come under the hood of sexualism? and in what circumstances?
Leave a Reply to chad madill Cancel reply
By Mark Mancini
The Administrative Law "Trilogy": The Stare Decisis Trap


How Does Spiral Binding Differ from Wire-O Binding?
Both kinds of mechanical bindings may look similar at first glance. Each has loops of wire that hold together the pages of your book. However, if you look more closely, you will see that with the spiral binding, a single piece of wire extends in an actual spiral from the top to the bottom of the book. In contrast, Wire-O binding is made up of a series of parallel, double-loops attached to a wire that extends the length of the spine.
A Wire-O-bound book can lay flat on a table, just like a spiral-bound book. However, due to the diagonal nature of the spiral, when you lay a spiral-bound book flat on the table, the facing pages will not align exactly. In contrast, since the wire loops in a Wire-O-bound book are parallel to one another, when you lay the book flat on a table, facing pages will align exactly. This may be more desirable if you have images in your book that extend across two pages like a large photo or a map.
What Should You Remember About Coil Bindings?
1. Mechanical binding costs at least 20 percent more than perfect binding (the exact amount depending, of course, on printing variables such as the page count and press run), with Wire-O, plastic-coil, and spiral binding costing a little more than GBC binding (also known as plastic-comb binding). The book has to be trimmed on all four sides prior to binding, and the binding work itself is labor-intensive, requiring feeding the wire through all the holes. This usually involves handwork.
2. Both Wire-O and spiral bindings can be crushed, making it nearly impossible to turn the pages. However, plastic-coil (a variant of spiral using plastic wire) is more resilient and therefore minimizes the chance of crushing the binding (although if it is not crushed, the wire version actually lasts longer than the plastic version). Keep in mind, though, that like its metal counterpart, plastic-coil does not allow facing pages to align exactly.
3. Wire-O binding can be used to bind books that are up to 1.125" thick. Plastic-coil binding can be used for books that are up to 1" thick. Spiral (wire) binding is appropriate for books up to 7/8" thick.
4. Thicker books of this nature need GBC or plastic-comb binding. This method is appropriate for books up to 1.75" thick. Also requiring handwork (that is, time consuming and therefore costly work), this method involves inserting the long, flat plastic tines of the comb through the holes at the bind-edge of the book. The large, flat comb is made to curl in on itself into a cylinder going the length of the book (like a spine), holding all the pages together and allowing you to fold the book back around on itself so you only see one page. These books can also lay flat. Unfortunately, GBC binding is not particularly durable. With use and over time, the tines of the comb come unhooked from themselves and release portions of the pages. On the plus side, GBC comes in a multitude of colors, like plastic-coil binding.
The most important question is why would anyone specify such time-consuming, fragile, and unattractive binding methods? Basically, if you are producing a limited run (under 1,000 copies) of a manual (for instance) that will need to be opened flat for photocopying or referring to while you work on a computer (or if you're printing a cookbook that must lay flat on a table while you cook or bake), these are your best choices. For everything else, choose perfect-binding, the usual method for paperback book binding that provides you with a strong, reliable spine. The other option is saddle stitching, a bindery method that provides no spine and holds together all the pages with staples at the fold.
It's not what you thought in high school. To a printer it means something else.
When dust or a paper particle sticks to the press sheet and then is covered with the ink film as the press blanket comes into contact with the paper, a small white circle is formed on the sheet with a bit of ink at its center. Basically, the fleck of paper prevents the ink from reaching the substrate.
If you look at a number of printed sheets, you will see that the hickey appears and then disappears. It is the pressman's job to look for hickeys and get rid of the dust or paper particles, but hickeys are unavoidable nevertheless.
This is why it's imperative to check the proof for dust, particularly when you're working with a printer who images film and then uses the film to burn plates.


If any of you read the article saving money with the Metro Pioneer, you know that I am on a crusade to cut my family's spending down as low as I can. One of the ways I believe I can do this is by increasing the insulation in my house. I have many projects to complete in this area but eventually I will get them all done.
The first project I tackled was to save money by insulating my electrical outlets and switches. Insulating your electrical outlets or switches may sound like a waste of time but I believe it is worth the effort.
An article I read on the Consumers Energy website claims that 2 percent of a homes heat can be lost through electrical outlets and switches. I don't know how much money that equates to but I am sure it is way more than the six bucks I paid for the kits.
Insulating your electrical outlets and switches is a very simple task. In fact, my daughter was actually able to complete all the steps in the process once she watched me insulate a few. If a five year old can add insulation to an electrical outlet, you can!
If you are interested in saving money like I am, I strongly urge you to insulate your electrical outlets and switches this year! Remember you only have to insulate the plugs or switches on outside walls though.
Make sure to use an approved kit that has fire-proof material. I bought mine at Meijer.
Punch out the holes in the insulation and take off the cover of the outlet.
Add back on cover and you are done. Simple!
You can even do double outlets like this. These are a bit more tricky but still really easy.
My daughter did both outlets in her room all by herself.


text:
Contact Kansas City
Metro Voice News Celebrating Faith, Family & Community
Kansas City Metro
Topeka & NE Kansas
Topeka PDF Editions
Topeka & Kansas News
Topeka Event Form
Topeka Classified
Topeka Church Guide
Topeka Metro Voice Facebook
Contact Us / Donate
KC Event Submission Form
Topeka Area Events
Back to School Directory
Adoption & Fostering Guide
Adoption, Fostering and Life Directory
2020 College and K-12 Guide
Home / News / Church & Ministry / City Union Mission takes homeless children to summer camp
City Union Mission takes homeless children to summer camp
Kansas City's at-risk and homeless children are getting ready to head to camp, thanks to City Union Mission. Registration is now open for the Mission's summer camping programs which give children an opportunity to enjoy safe and wholesome fun while developing self-confidence and learning their true potential.
City Union is an evangelical Christian ministry that shares the Gospel and meets the spiritual, physical, and emotional needs of people of all ages who are poor or homeless.
"Many of these children have never been to summer camp, and wouldn't otherwise have the opportunity to experience this empowering rite of passage," States Director Dan Doty. "It is a blessing that we can provide fun and safe summer-long programs to help children develop healthier attitudes, values and skills."
Throughout the summer months, their City Camp located in their Vanderberg Youth Center, offers wholesome and structured activities for as many as 79 boys and girls, ages 7 to 17. In the morning, homeless children who are guests in the Family Shelter are introduced to the Gospel and engage in activities that help them develop confidence and self-esteem. The afternoon session is community based, welcoming students from their City Corps after-school program, as well as boys and girls from the neighborhood and targeted public schools.
Both groups take part in devotions, recreation, arts and crafts, and educational field trips. The nine-week program runs Monday through Friday, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., and costs the Mission $44.80 per child, per week.
Children ages 4 to 16 can experience the Mission's residential camping program at Camp CUMCITO, nestled on 600 acres of forest and meadow land near Warsaw, Missouri. Beginning June 24, six one-week sessions are held for campers according to their age groups. As many as 628 boys and girls can attend and enjoy Bible studies and arts and crafts, along with outdoor activities such as swimming, canoeing and archery.
While it costs the Mission $420 to provide one week at Camp CUMCITO for one child, families are asked to pay only a $5 registration fee.
"These lessons can help them become responsible adults and break the cycle of poverty, which is incredibly powerful. Thanks to donor support, we are able to make a huge impact in some of Kansas City's most impoverished communities," Doty tells Metro Voice.
Donations to support the Mission's camping programs and help local kids participate can be made online at cityunionmission.org.
camp cumcito children city union mission donations faith fun gospel homeless kansas kansas city kids missouri OUTREACH summer summer camp volunteers 2019-06-29
Dwight Widaman
Tagged with: camp cumcito children city union mission donations faith fun gospel homeless kansas kansas city kids missouri OUTREACH summer summer camp volunteers
Previous: New book based on LifeWay Research shows VBS is 'Worth It'
Next: 'We can't save him:' Randy Travis fought back from coma
Lockdowns causing drug addictions and deaths to skyrocket
Christian leaders speak on QAnon movement
Meteor showers and planets will make 2021 spectacular
Moderate Democrat Joe Manchin calls Trump impeachment "ill-advised"
Merkel, world leaders defend President Trump over Big Tech bans
46 villagers killed by Islamists in Congo
In letter to public, Sen. Josh Hawley explains why he objected to electoral votes
Trump ban on social media costs tech giants more than $50 billion
Missouri House censures member for first time in its history
Giving Tuesday sees more than $2.5 billion raised
Pastors now more skittish to preach on race
Ministry brings hope to Russians like Nadia, who lost her son in terrorist attack
Adoption & Fostering Annual Guide
Adoption/Foster News
Go Deep
K-12 Education Guide
Kansas Voter Guide
Missouri Voter Guide
Online Adult Education
Persecuted Church
Retreat Planning Guide
Royals Faith and Family
Topeka News
Silk and Steel: French Fashion, Women and WWI National WWI Museum and Memorial 2 Memorial Drive, Kansas City, MO 6410
13NovAll Day11AprSilk and Steel: French Fashion, Women and WWI(All Day) National WWI Museum and Memorial, 2 Memorial Drive, Kansas City, MO 6410
November 13 (Friday) - April 11 (Sunday)
2 Memorial Drive, Kansas City, MO 6410
WWI exploded in the late summer of 1914. Armies took the field in bright uniforms. Navies steamed to sea flying the colors of their nations. For the ensuing years of
WWI exploded in the late summer of 1914. Armies took the field in bright uniforms. Navies steamed to sea flying the colors of their nations. For the ensuing years of global war until the peace treaty was signed on June 28, 1919, most history has centered on battles, leaders and destruction.
Throughout this time of global upheaval and a devastating war primarily fought by men, women around the world actively responded to the tumult by accepting, and at times actively pursuing, new responsibilities and roles. French women, like others, worked in war industries, in agriculture, in nursing, in transport, for suffrage and equal pay and respect. In France, recent scholarship has shown that the survival of women's fashion also played an important role in life during the Great War. Women's fashion needed to adapt to the necessities of new actions, scarcity of materials and ever-present societal morale needs. The fashion industry, particularly in France, responded.
Silk and Steel feature original dresses, coats, capes, hats, shoes, and accessories. Topics presented are the evolution of the war-time silhouette, Parisian designers during the war, military uniforms' influence, women's uniforms in France and America, war work, economics of fashion, and post-war emancipation.
This special exhibition, Silk and Steel: French Fashion, Women and WWI, is presented by the National WWI Museum and Memorial from Sept. 25, 2020 to April 11, 2021 in the Wylie Gallery
Virtual Retreat: The Lord's Prayer Conception Abbey 37174 HWY VV, Conception, MO 64433
15JanAll Day17Virtual Retreat: The Lord's Prayer(All Day) Conception Abbey, 37174 HWY VV, Conception, MO 64433
January 15 (Friday) - 17 (Sunday)
37174 HWY VV, Conception, MO 64433
How often has this traditional prayer taught to us by Jesus been recited with little thought
How often has this traditional prayer taught to us by Jesus been recited with little thought of the powerful meaning of each line? Take time to reflectively grasp the deep spiritual meaning of this prayer that is prayed so often and by so many every day. Led by Fr. Roger Schmit, OSB
This retreat will be given in virtual format only. Abbey Guest Center (660) 944-2809
Price: $25 per computer connection or household.
AVOID PROBATE SEMINARS Lewis Living Trust Center 700 N. East Langsford Road, Lee's Summit, MO 64063
19Jan7:00 pmAVOID PROBATE SEMINARS7:00 pm Lewis Living Trust Center, 700 N. East Langsford Road, Lee's Summit, MO 64063
(Tuesday) 7:00 pm
Lewis Living Trust Center
700 N. East Langsford Road, Lee's Summit, MO 64063
Learn How Wills Do Not Avoid Probate Learn How to Protect Your Home and Assets: • From unnecessary PROBATE COSTS at death or incapacity • From unfortunate ESTATE TAX consequences • From potential family
Learn How Wills Do Not Avoid Probate
Learn How to Protect Your Home and Assets:
• From unnecessary PROBATE COSTS at death or incapacity
• From unfortunate ESTATE TAX consequences
• From potential family disputes
• Through effective planning strategies
No Cost, No Obligation. Call for Reservations, Seating is Limited
Topeka Rally for Life Kansas Capitol SW 8th & SW Van Buren, Topeka, KS
21Jan8:45 am3:45 pmTopeka Rally for Life8:45 am - 3:45 pm Kansas Capitol, SW 8th & SW Van Buren, Topeka, KS
Kansas Capitol
SW 8th & SW Van Buren, Topeka, KS
United for mothers and babies!
Join special guests Kristen Day, Executive Director of Democrats for Life of America, and Kim Borchers, Kansas Republican National Committeewoman, as they stand united for mothers and babies! Life is truly the winning coalition!
8:30 a.m. – REGISTRATION – Get info on legislative activities, maps, lobbying, capitol tours, pro-life booths and more
9:00 a.m. – WORKSHOPS 1 &2 – 30-minute educational workshop sessions provided by KFL
10:30 a.m. – NON-DENOMINATIONAL RELIGIOUS SERVICE— Capitol workshop room
10:30 a.m. – Catholic Mass with Kansas Bishops at TPAC or stream it at www.livestream/ArchKCK/KSMassforLife
11:45 a.m. – MARCH FOR LIFE from TPAC to south steps of the state Capitol
12:15 p.m. – Rally for Life on the south Capitol steps
2:30 p.m. – WORKSHOPS 3 & 4 – 30-minute educational workshop sessions provided by KFL
All workshops will take place in the Capitol Visitor Center and are no charge.
Everyone is welcome for lunch any time between 11:00 a.m. and 2:30 p.m. for free-will donation in the Mater Dei Assumption Catholic Church basement. Mater Dei, 204 SW 8th Ave., is north and across the street from the Capitol.
If weather is a problem, the rally will be held on the 1st floor rotunda of the Capitol.
For details about the capitol building and parking information, visit www.kshs.org/p/kansas-state-capitol-plan-your-visit/18649. For emergency or media, please call KFL personnel Jeanne 785.383.8636 or Mary Kay 913.406.4446 Hosted by Kansans for Life
Women's Encouragement Day City Center Church 17500 West 87th Street Parkway, Lenexa, KS
23Jan8:30 am4:30 pmWomen's Encouragement Day8:30 am - 4:30 pm City Center Church, 17500 West 87th Street Parkway, Lenexa, KS
City Center Church
17500 West 87th Street Parkway, Lenexa, KS
Join us for a restful day in the middle of the school year set aside just for you! Our morning starts with coffee or tea while enjoying a light breakfast
Join us for a restful day in the middle of the school year set aside just for you! Our morning starts with coffee or tea while enjoying a light breakfast over good conversation with other mama's who homeschool. We will gather together to hear speakers, enjoy worship sprinkled throughout the day, and sit down to enjoy a delicious lunch – without any cleanup!!! You don't want to miss this day to be encouraged as local moms share what it looks like for them to say "it is well" as they dwell in the Lord through different seasons of life while homeschooling. We can't wait to see you! This year we will offer an online option for those that won't be joining us in person.
In-Person Prices
11/20–12/31 $20 Members/$30 Non-Members
1/1–1/15 $45 Everyone
Online Price (Must have a Facebook account)
11/20-12/31 $17 (everyone)
1/1–1/15 $37 (everyone)
The March for Life
29JanAll DayThe March for Life(All Day: friday) Washington DC National Mall
Washington DC National Mall
The March for Life is an inspiring, peaceful. Every year, tens of thousands of pro-lifers converge on the National Mall and march on Capitol Hill on the anniversary of the
The March for Life is an inspiring, peaceful. Every year, tens of thousands of pro-lifers converge on the National Mall and march on Capitol Hill on the anniversary of the Supreme Court's 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling which legalized abortion in all 50 states.
Pre-Rally Concert with Matthew West: 11:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Rally Program: 12:00 p.m. – 1:00 p.m.
March: 1:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.
Rose Dinner (virtual): 7:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m.
Caravans leave from the Kansas City area. https://www.missourilifecaravan.org/ Also local events. https://www.respectlifekcsj.org/march-for-life.html
MRL Prayer Vigil Ilus David Plaza 400 E 9th St, Kansas City, MO 64106
29Jan1:00 pm2:00 pmMRL Prayer Vigil1:00 pm - 2:00 pm Ilus David Plaza, 400 E 9th St, Kansas City, MO 64106
Ilus David Plaza
400 E 9th St, Kansas City, MO 64106
Come join us for a truly amazing experience. Join with pastors, students, and fellow pro-lifers to pray for the sanctity and protection of life in our country. Also, hear from
Come join us for a truly amazing experience. Join with pastors, students, and fellow pro-lifers to pray for the sanctity and protection of life in our country. Also, hear from various pro-life organizations that address issues such as education, legislation, lobbying, protesting, prevention, pregnancy, and healing.
Dress warm for cold and wind! Receive a goody bag to get informed and show off your pro-life pride!
Parking available at the Catholic Center Garage, 20 West 9th Street, KCMO
BTF_MPU_1
BTF_MPU_10
Kansas City Facebook Page
Topeka Metro Voice Facebook Page
Widaman Communications, Inc.
P.O. Box 1114, Lee's Summit, MO 64063
©Widaman Communications, Inc. 2020 | PO BOX 1114, Lee's Summit, MO 64063 | 816-524-4522


text:
El conejo en salmorejo se trata de un plato elaborado con conejo muy popular en la cocina canaria (aunque aparece con la misma denominación otro plato similar en la cocina aragonesa). El plato se elabora en tres etapas; en la primera se marinan los trozos de conejo en el salmorejo (no se trata del salmorejo andaluz, sino de otra salsa de marinado particular) y posteriormente, en la segunda etapa, se fríen en una sartén. Finalmente se realiza un hervor con la salsa resultante. El 'conejo en salmorejo' era muy popular en la cocina española y por esta razón aparece en el refranero. Este plato se suele preparar en los meses fríos.

Características
Este plato lleva un largo proceso de elaboración. La salsa del marinado (que se denomina salmorejo canario) consiste en un majado de mortero de ajo, sal gorda, el pimentón y pimienta con un poco de agua y aceite. Los trozos de carne de conejo se marinan en esta salsa durante un periodo de horas (dependiendo de la edad del conejo). Algunas recetas mencionan marinados de un día. Tras el marinado se fríen los trozos de conejo poco a poco, hasta que se encuentren dorados. Finalmente se cuecen los trozos en un hervor de minutos. Se sirve inmediatamente. En la cocina canaria suele servirse con unas papas arrugadas.

Referencias

Véase también
 Salmorejo canario

Gastronomía de Canarias
Platos de conejo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Stéphane Sanseverino (ur. 9 października 1961 w Paryżu) – francuski piosenkarz pochodzenia włoskiego (neapolitańskiego).

Dyskografia
 Le Tango des gens (2001)
 Les Sénégalaises (2004)
 Live au théâtre Sébastopol (2005)
 Exactement (2006)
 Les Faux Talbins (2009)
 Papillon (2015)
 Montreuil/Memphis (2017)

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Francuzi pochodzenia włoskiego
Urodzeni w 1961
Francuscy wokaliści popowi


This case looks at Viet Nam where over the past five years there has been a growing policy momentum around social protection issues, motivated by a concern to reduce poverty and vulnerability emphasised in the country's first and second phase national development plans, the Socio-Economic Development Plans (SEDP 1 2001-2005 and SEDP 2 2006-2010). Viet Nam now has an array of social protection programmes in place which include social assistance programmes such as the National Targeted Programme for Poverty Reducation (NTPPR).
The focus of this report is on the government's flagship programme, the NTPPR, which seeks to address a range of deprvations experienced by poor households and communities, and to improve their productive capacities. The purpose is to analyse the extent to which gender-specific economic and social risks, including food security, inform NTPPR programme design and implementation, with the aim of informing ongoing initiatives to strengthen social protection effectiveness.


text:
Morocco vs Spain, World Cup 2022 last 16: Date, kick-off time and TV channel
Telegraph Sport
4 December 2022, 10:22 am ·4-min read
Morocco vs Spain, World Cup 2022 last 16: Date, kick-off time and TV channel - AFP via Getty Images/Natalia Kolesnikova
Morocco head coach Walid Regragui promised more is to come from his side, who advanced to the round of 16 at the World Cup for the first time in 36 years after beating Canada.
Morocco needed a point to ensure they would advance regardless of the result in Group F runners-up Croatia's meeting with Belgium, which finished in a goalless draw.
Regragui credited the victory to an infusion of homegrown philosophy and inspiration from further afield, and his side will play Group E runners-up Spain next.
He added: "We didn't come just to play or to say 'oh, we almost got close'. Of course we want to play our own game. Our first half, the way we played, we will duplicate it. But this is not the time for this. We need to get the results and do as all European or South American teams do, Argentina, France. We need to emulate them.
"We needed to duplicate the play of European teams with our own values, so we needed to marry and mix the two. We need to actually, in the future, have the rigorous, tactical approach with the European style with our own identity. And, if we did this, we would win."
When is Morocco vs Spain?
The match is on Tuesday, December 6.
What time is kick-off?
The game will kick off at 3pm GMT (6pm local time and 10am EST).
What TV channel is it on?
The match will be shown on either BBC or ITV. Telegraph Sport will also be running a live blog on the game – you can bookmark this page now and return on Tuesday to follow along with our coverage.
How have Morocco fared so far?
Morocco progressed from what looked a challenging Group F as winners – eking out a goalless draw in their opener against 2018 runners-up Croatia, before beating Belgium 2-0 and Canada 2-1 in their final game.
What are Spain saying?
Spain coach Luis Enrique was critical of his team despite them making the knockout stages after they threw away a lead and lost 2-1 to Japan to finish second in Group E.
"I am not happy at all. Yes, we have qualified, I would have liked to be on top of winning this game. This was impossible because in five minutes, Japan scored two goals... we were out, we were dismantled," Enrique said.
The 52-year-old coach rejected the idea that he had got his team selection or tactics wrong.
"I didn't miss anything, because we tried it all. We had strikers playing infield, we tried to create the chances. They were defending aggressively, they were closing down the spaces," he said.
"And of course with those aspects, you are going to be in danger... this is what happens in football, and how can you manage this collapse that we suffered?
With all four teams still in contention, the group reached a wild climax as the Spaniards took the lead and dominated, only for Japan to come roaring back to ensure Germany's 4-2 win over Costa Rica was not enough to overtake either of them.
Enrique said that he was not aware that Spain were on course to head out of the tournament when Costa Rica led Germany. "If I had found out, I would have had a heart attack," he said.
How have Spain got on so far?
It's been a bit of a mixed bag. They laid down a marker by thrashing Costa Rica 7-0 in their opening game, then drew with Germany, before being stunned by Japan in their final game.
Spain vs Morocco results history
The two teams have played each other three times – with two wins for Spain and one draw. Their last meeting, at the 2018 World Cup, finished 2-2.
What is Morocco's World Cup record?
Morocco have taken part in five World Cup finals as an independent nation, competing before 1958 as part of France. Their highest finish came in 1986, when they progressed from the group stage to play West Germany in Mexico. They were knocked-out by the eventual finalists 1-0.
What is Spain's World Cup record?
Spain have qualified for every World Cup since 1978, but failed to make it past the quarter-final stage every time – apart from 2010 when they won the tournament.
A star-studded line-up containing Iker Casillas, Sergio Ramos, Xavi, Iniesta, David Villa and Fernando Torres came out on top against Netherlands in the final, thanks to Andreas Iniesta's extra-time winner.
Latest odds
Spain 4/7
Morocco 6/1
Draw 11/4
Report: Cardinals QB Kyler Murray expected to miss start of 2023 season, may not return until 2nd half
Australian Open: Djokovic is from 'other space' and received '77 therapies a day' - Ivanisevic
Overlooked Man Utd defender linked with last-minute January exit as agreement causes domino effect
Chelsea 'inform' Benfica they are 'willing' to pay '€120m without players involved' for Fernandez
Valtteri Bottas on 'crazy experience' of teaming up with 'big hero' Mika Hakkinen
Xavi wants more Gavi grit amid 'rough' criticism
Only three LaLiga players have given away more fouls in all competitions than the Barca youngster.
Man Utd waiting on scan for hugely influential Ten Hag signing who left on crutches after FA Cup win
The midfielder sustained a knock at the start of the second half and was then caught on the ankle by Reading forward Andy Carroll
Sean Dyche to kickstart Everton relegation battle with signing of influential Southampton ace
Dyche is already identifying potential targets for when he becomes the new Everton boss and is looking at signing a Southampton man, as per a report
FA Cup: Key talking points as Arsenal and Manchester City prepare for fourth-round showdown
Arsenal may be leading the way in the league, though City will be desperate to derail their rivals when it comes to the FA Cup. Here, we take a look at the five main talking points ahead of Friday's encounter. Who are the favourites? Form points to Arsenal, who are five points clear at the top of the Premier League, but experience favours City.
Saracens 20-19 Bristol: Francois Hougaard seals late win for relentless Gallagher Premiership leaders
Sarries seal 12th Premiership win of the season in dramatic fashion
Edu lauded as Arsenal told three reasons why they've made Chelsea look silly with January transfer
A pundit has sung the praises of Edu and Arsenal for how they reacted to a transfer miss, with the Gunners showing Chelsea up
Stefanos Tsitsipas into first Australian Open final after overcoming wobble and Karen Khachanov
The Greek will bid for a first Grand Slam title on Sunday.
Manchester City sneak past Arsenal into fifth round of FA Cup
The Netherlands defender steered home a low shot in the 64th minute as City landed the first blow in their trilogy of clashes with the Gunners over the coming months. Arsenal, the Premier League leaders, had enjoyed the better of the first half, with Takehiro Tomiyasu and Leandro Trossard both forcing good saves from Stefan Ortega. Guardiola, perhaps aware that a victory could also have a psychological impact heading into next month's league encounter between the sides, went with a strong side and made just two changes to Arteta's six.
Novak Djokovic plunged into fresh controversy and he needs to fix it quickly
Novak Djokovic needs to do all he can to clean up the mess created by his father as quickly as possible.


When you think of rum, what comes to mind first? Bloodthirsty pirates? A Coca-Cola-based drink you slurped back on spring break? Or maybe you think of a refined, complex spirit deserving of slow slips and careful consideration? If the latter, then you, sir or madam, must be a true connoisseur of exquisite rum, the kind of rum for which you would expect to pay, say $50,000 per bottle, no? Too much? How about just $2,600, then?
You can get a fine bottle of rum for about $50 and a truly great bottle for a little under $100. But to dabble in the best rums on the planet — or at least the most expensive — you're going to need to add a zero or two. Or three. Maybe overly expensive rum was the reason pirates stole things instead of paying for them? Or maybe they were just kind of jerks.
You might not think of the island of Mauritius when you think of great rum regions (though you may think of the dodo, the famously not-so-bright and very much extinct flightless bird once native to the land), but this tiny republic, situated in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar, produces some world-class liquor. New Grove has been producing rum since 1838, and they offer more than a dozen spirits, including affordable spiced rums, unique liqueurs made with rum and ingredients like honey, vanilla, or coffee, and their line of pricier, rarer rums like the Double Cask Moscatel Finish Rum, which is partially aged in wine barrels.
The Zafra rum distillery takes its name from the Spanish word for the process of harvesting sugar cane, the zafra. This rum is produced in Panama and then aged for three decades in bourbon barrels, taking on a deep, rich hue and notes of vanilla, fruit, and oak from the wood. It is sumptuous on its own, but the distillers from Zafra fully encourage its use in cocktails as well, including the Classic Daiquiri and the Mojito. And if $200 is more than you want to spend on a 30-year-old rum, how about $52 on Zafra's other rum, which is only aged for 21 years?
The name of this deep, dark, rum comes from a dark day indeed: on July 31, 1970, the British Royal Navy officially ended the daily rum ration issued to its sailors. The date came to be called Black Tot Day. This spirit was produced in homage to the rum the sailors used to get to help brace them for the hard work called for by life at sea, though the seaman's wages probably wouldn't have covered more than a dram or two. Bold notes of dark berries, dark chocolate, oak, and coffee pervade the aroma and palate of this pricey but superb spirit.
This rum was distilled in Martinique in 1980 and has been aged for almost four decades since, making perfect use of the island's terroir, including rich volcanic soil and plenty of sun and rain. The liquor releases a powerful bouquet of ripe fruit, caramel, and coffee, with a flavor adding in pepper and a faint anise taste in the long, gentle finish. Bottles are priced in pounds (one sells for £2,000) so the price in U.S. dollars will fluctuate with the exchange rate. If you don't want to spend about $2,620 but you still want a great rum from Martinique, try a bottle of Trois Rivières Rhum Ambré (Gold Rum), which has many of the same notes but costs just $45.
It might be hard to find a bottle of this limited-edition rum today, and you'll likely pay more than the $10,000 asking price, too. But as it was made from the last of this legacy distillery's oldest rum barrels, you'll be buying a true taste of history. Auld Trophy Rum was produced in 2017 to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the America's Cup sailing race given the event's taking place in the waters around Bermuda, home of the distillery. If 10 grand (or more) is a few dollars too many, try their more affordable Black Rum, or a bottle of Goslings Ginger Beer.