text:
Japan's Politics: A Move toward Nationalism or more of the Status Quo?
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. CREDIT: CSIS (CC)
DEVIN STEWART: Hi. I'm Devin Stewart here at Carnegie Council in New York City, and I'm speaking today with Sheila Smith of the Council on Foreign Relations. Today we're talking about Japan's current political situation.
Sheila, thanks so much for talking with me today.
SHEILA SMITH: Thanks, Devin. Thanks for having me. It's a pleasure.
DEVIN STEWART: Japan just had a big election. The ruling coalition won a super-majority. It seemed like a big victory for Prime Minister Abe. What do you make of the recent elections?
SHEILA SMITH: I think it's an important indicator of where the Japanese electorate is at the moment in terms of their support for the ruling coalition. Mr. Abe's Liberal Democrats (LDP) and their partner Komeito were really well-positioned, I think, going into this election.
There wasn't a really strong opposition party that could really challenge them in various ways. I think that one of the stories of Japan's current politics is that the opposition, the former DPJ (Democratic Party of Japan), now merged with a new Innovation Party to become the Democratic Party, are still not yet as cohesive as you might like and they're not yet in a position to really give the LDP a run for their money on policy choices.
DEVIN STEWART: What was the message here? What was this election really about? Was it a referendum about a particular issue, or was it just support for the status quo?
SHEILA SMITH: I read it pretty much as a support for the status quo. Two things were important here.
Again, for you listeners who are not following Japanese politics that closely, not all elections are equal. This is the Upper House of Japan. The Upper House, as opposed to the Lower House, of Parliament tends to be the place where the Japanese voter either vetoes or punishes the ruling party for decisions made that they don't like. But the Upper House is not where governments are made or broken. So this election was not going to determine whether Mr. Abe stayed in power or his party stayed in power or not.
But what was up this year was really this question of the consumption tax. I think more than any other issue in previous Japanese Upper House elections, the consumption tax, or the decision to move forward with the consumption tax, has often resulted in a pretty punishing vote by the electorate against the ruling party. You can go back to Mr. Nakasone in the 1980s, who introduced it, and then again to Mr. Hashimoto later on, who raised it. So I think Mr. Abe didn't want to go into this election raising the consumption tax. Instead, as you know, he backed away from a previous plan to raise it. So I think in many ways you can say that he didn't get the opprobrium that might have come had he not done that.
But the voter turnout was relatively low; it wasn't on the high side, in the low 50s. And again, the option was: Do you want really stability; do you want this government to continue to try to stimulate the Japanese economy?
I think you had a poll out this morning that showed that there are about 50 percent of the Japanese who don't think Abenomics is working and don't actually think it's going to work. So you still have a deep ambivalence, I think, on the economic prospects of Japan. But I do think that Mr. Abe seems to be for most Japanese the country's best prospect of stable, steady governance.
DEVIN STEWART: So Abe is probably better than the weak opposition. He's been framing this election as sort of a vote of confidence for his economic plans, known as Abenomics.
What do you think Abe can do to further stimulate the economy?
SHEILA SMITH: At the G7 meeting this year prior to the election, which was held in Japan, he clearly tried to persuade the other advanced industrialized economies, European and the United States, to collectively pursue greater stimulus to help stabilize the global economy. He didn't get very far with, of course, Chancellor Merkel in Germany, who is not predisposed toward stimulus as a tool of economic growth, or with Cameron, at the time the UK prime minister. But Abe has been trying to argue that stimulus as a tool is probably the most effective way for the advanced industrialized economies to deal with the current global economy.
He immediately on the evening when the results came in on Sunday set out to tell the Japanese people that he himself was going to stimulate the Japanese economy. He announced a huge program of transportation upgrades, building more high-speed bullet trains in the countryside, doing everything he could, I think, to demonstrate to people in rural areas, who are really feeling the hardest hit by Japan's current economic doldrums, that he was going to revitalize rural Japan's connection to urban Japan and bring that forward through infrastructure-building. So he's going to be stimulating the economy in Japan, and I think that's really the only instrument he has at the moment that could give him some ready policy results.
DEVIN STEWART: There has been some talk about trying to get the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the TPP, ratified in Japan. What do you think the prospects of TPP would be?
SHEILA SMITH: I think right now all eyes in Tokyo are really on the United States. Whether we can get it done or not, I think, seems to be the dominant conversation. For Mr. Abe, I think if we were at a point where we were moving this forward ourselves here in Washington, I think he'd have enough bounce to move it forward.
There were some signs in this election, though, of an electoral setback. Up in Hokkaido and in some other districts, the opposition seemed to capitalized on a kind of anti-TPP mood. Or at least in Tohoku, I believe, there were some farmers who had become more disgruntled with the LDP and with Mr. Abe's government than they had previously expressed.
So there may be some bumps along the way here. But I think the real question is not—he has a two-thirds majority in the Lower House; now, as you said, he has a two-thirds majority in the Upper House. I don't think, even with that kind of disgruntlement in the farming community, that he is going to be in trouble if he chooses to move it forward to ratification.
DEVIN STEWART: But that two-thirds now gives him the opportunity to look at revising the constitution. A lot of people have been speculating on whether he would veer away from economic reform, economic stimulus, away from that, to looking at revising the constitution. That would require a referendum, which would put the vote out to the public to allow Japan to be more assertive in global affairs in the military arena.
What do you think are the prospects of him using his two-thirds majority in the Diet to look at constitutional revision? What are the prospects of that?
SHEILA SMITH: I think the conversation is upon us. I think we've been watching it evolve. Again, I know that everybody focuses on Mr. Abe, and in particular on Article 9, especially in the wake of his reinterpretation of that Article 9 to allow for collective self-defense. That legislation he put forward last year was very controversial inside Japan. But I think the story of constitutional revision is a deeper story than that.
We just started a blog series at the Council on Foreign Relations, in fact, that's going to have people from Japan and experts on Japan talking about the conversation. We're going to run it over the next couple of months if people are interested.
But the Liberal Democrats, first and foremost, have always wanted constitutional revision. It has always been part of their platform. It has ebbed and flowed in terms of enthusiasm for that piece of the platform. Mr. Abe himself, as you know, has always seen himself as the person who really wanted to make inroads into changing the document that was imposed under the U.S. occupation in 1947. His grandfather, similarly, renegotiated the U.S.–Japan security treaty and had a similar sense that Japan needed to get itself out of this overlay of postwar defeat and occupation, the sentiment that many conservatives in Japan think is embedded in that constitution.
I think that the two-thirds majority—the parliament has been discussing constitutional revision now formally since 2000, or actually a couple years before that, so it's over a decade now.
Many of Japan's political parties have a constitutional revision committee, a Kenpou chousa suishin giin renmei, tasked with thinking about the constitution. Some are very pro, like the LDP. The new party, the Japan Innovation Party, that has just split and then has this complex alignment nationally and in Osaka, they have come into being basically on the premise of changing the constitutional balance of power between local and central authority in Japan.
So a lot of the conversation about the constitution inside Japan is not actually just about Article 9. Article 9 is definitive in terms of people's sense of the identity of that constitution, but there are other governance questions that run up against the way the constitution lays out political power and social power in Japan.
So I think you are going to see the committee meet and talk and continue to discuss. Whether you are actually going to see a national referendum, which you pointed out is a requisite to revision, in Mr. Abe's tenure as prime minister, I can't predict that. I think it's 50/50, frankly.
There is some talk that he wants to do something innocuous, something that all parties could agree with, and call it an amendment, much like the way the United States has amended its Constitution—in other words, not revising the whole document, but just adding something that's missing from the current document. By doing so, he would therefore cross that threshold of actually changing the document that has been in force now for almost 70 years.
So I think you're going to see some pushing and pulling. His coalition partner, the Komeito, of course is not pro-revision. They have an interesting phrase; they want to "add to the constitution"—that's a direct translation of the way they talk about it. So they may be willing to be partners in an amendment process.
But again, it's an interesting time to watch the Japanese debate. It's not all colored by Mr. Abe's ambitions. But I think we're going to get a really interesting conversation among Japanese political parties, but also in the broader society, of whether or not this document needs a Japanese hand, an imprimatur that's different than the occupation intentions.
DEVIN STEWART: And speaking of society at large, what do you make of the various public opinions about the constitution?
SHEILA SMITH: It's deeply divided. I think one of the ways—that's why I caution people when they say, "Oh, this is a mandate for constitutional revision." If you look at the exit polling—and again, exit polling in Japan is not as mature as it is, for example, in the United States, so I think we should be a little cautious about reading exit polling as if it's gospel—but nonetheless, NHK, Asahi, and Jiji did these exit polls. They all had very disparate responses.
The NHK poll basically breaks down the people who went to the polls to vote this time roughly into thirds: a third are pro; a third are against; and a little bit, a couple of percentage points higher, just don't know.
The liberal-leaning Asahi, which would instinctively be anti-revision, their respondents seemed to give them a 49 percent pro and a 40-something percent against revision.
So I'm not sure we have a real good take on public opinion. But all of the media polling for sure reveals the Japanese public is deeply divided and uncertain about this idea of touching the document that has really been the foundation of Japanese democracy for generations.
DEVIN STEWART: Thank you, Sheila.
Looking at sort of the general direction of Japan politically, a lot of democracies are seeming to go toward embracing more of a nationalistic flavor these days. Do you see Japan moving more toward nationalism, or are the recent elections a sign that Japan is a stable place among a sea of chaos in the world?
SHEILA SMITH: Well, I think maybe it's somewhere in between. I think what surprised a lot of people, or have made people slightly anxious, is you see a right wing in Japan become more voluble, become more outspoken, and feel more comfortable in saying what they think in political discourse.
And of course, there are many people who see some of Mr. Abe's political friends as being members of that right wing. There's a lot of attention these days to the Nippon Kaigi, the Japan Conference, which is a nationally based organization that is pro-constitutional revision, pro-the emperor, pro-all of the kind of flag-waving and symbolic patriotic symbols of what the right represents in Japan.
You've also seen in the poisonous deterioration of Japan–South Korean relations, of course hate speech in Japan, anti-Korean hate speech, and in some organizations' demonstrations and protests, pro and con, that kind of approach to dealing with South Korea. So you've seen the kind of behavior that is reprehensible in all of our democracies emerge, the racism as well as the kind of nationalistic flag-waving kind of nationalism.
But I think you've also seen counterpunches in Japan. So last year, watching the Abe cabinet try to pass its security legislation, for the first time in a generation you saw university students take to the streets in the tens of thousands against Abe's "war bills." You see a new debate among young and older Japanese about their military, about their choices, about their security environment. I don't think Japan's democracy would allow the kind of militarism that we all know Japan experienced in the 1930s. I think that's no longer a part of contemporary Japan.
But I think we shouldn't be surprised if, like in the European democracies or in ours, you see advocates of nationalism, you see right-wing voices that draw on racial discrimination, and other kinds of politics. Japan's democracy is not immune.
But I think we should take heart in the fact that the individuals who are most conspicuous in some of these areas are not successful at the polls. One of the things on Sunday's election I was looking at—not because he's a nationalist—but I was looking at the kind of parties that were absolutely pro-constitution, were very, very much over on the right side of the spectrum. They weren't successful on that score. But neither were the very, very left, who are anti on this particular issue.
So I think what you see is diversity. I think what you have is a big sloppy middle in Japan. In that sense the "status quo" label fits. But I think that middle zone—both conservative and liberal, if we want to use those words instead of right and left—they understand their country has some pretty significant choices ahead of them, some of which have to do with security policy choices. Many of them have to do with social structure and social reorganization, some of which the conservatives are against and the liberals are for.
So you're going to see a pretty hearty debate in Japan going forward. But it's going to be in that sloppy middle. I don't see the country being dragged one way or the other, to the extreme right or the extreme left.
DEVIN STEWART: Speaking of security policy, the Hague tribunal recently ruled against China in favor of the Philippines on a claim in the South China Sea, and the Chinese have not been very happy with that outcome.
How do you see Japan's relations with China playing out, and in East Asia in general?
SHEILA SMITH: Well, I think we are at perhaps the cusp of a critical turning point in Asia. I think the Hague tribunal ruling gives lots of opportunity for dialogue now with China and among China and its neighbors, including the United States, on how to manage the maritime space.
I think, like every other rising power, if you want to use that language, there are some deep nationalistic and aspirational politics inside China as well. And I think we should all be respectful of the fact that China's transformation is rapid and that has social consequences within the country.
This weekend I've just been trying to write a little bit about Japan's experience as a rising power. Those of us who know our Japan history know that a lot of the early period of Japanese debate over its international ambitions in the early 20th century was driven by really divisive and deeply politicized and sometimes violent domestic politics. So societies that undergo rapid transformation are tender places to discuss foreign policy, especially when the foreign policies take on these kinds of issues of sovereignty and territorial rights.
DEVIN STEWART: Sheila, any final comments for people to look out for in Japan in the next few years? For example, as we approach the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, any final developments to look out for over the horizon?
SHEILA SMITH: I think when we're sitting outside Japan and in the commentary about Japan we often focus solely on Mr. Abe or the top level of governance there. I think we should be listening a little bit more carefully to some of the social debates in Japan.
Especially, I think it's interesting to focus on the younger Japanese. There was a little attention paid to them because they went to the polls on Sunday, 18- and 19-year-olds, for the first time. But again, this young generation, into their 20s and early 30s, they are facing a Japanese economy in which they've never experienced economic growth. Their prospects are far dimmer than their parents' prospects were at this age.
I know you have written extensively about some of the success stories of Japanese entrepreneurs, and I know that there's great energy. I don't mean to say that there isn't. But I think we should listen to the conversations that are coming out from younger Japanese and among younger Japanese of the kind of society they want and about the kind of economic opportunity that they will need to survive and thrive. Because Japan's demographics are the way they are, we give a lot of attention to the elderly in Japan and the role they are going to play. But I think we are not listening carefully enough to younger Japanese.
The only other thing I'd say is that this morning the news in Tokyo was that the Heisei emperor has announced his desire to abdicate the throne in favor of the next generation. This hasn't happened in 200 years. It will require a process that will open up another conversation, I think, about the procedures of succession, as well as open up the longstanding conversation about whether women can succeed or not. The succession, of course, of the crown prince's daughter has been a question mark now for a little while.
So I think that is not a huge social issue in Japan, but it does open up some of the social conversations that we should be listening to about how the Japanese envision their future society and what kind of mechanisms they see as being supportive of a Japan that needs really fundamentally to transform itself in a very globalized world.
DEVIN STEWART: Those are great final thoughts, Sheila. Thank you so much for our discussion today.
SHEILA SMITH: Thank you so much for having me. My pleasure.
Sheila A. Smith Council on Foreign RelationsView Bio
Devin T. Stewart Senior Fellow; Former Senior Program Director and CNL Staff AdviserView Bio
Asia DialoguesDemocracy Nationalism Security Trade Collective Security Economics International Trade East Asia Japan
Competing Moral Claims over the Nuclear Power-Weapons CrossoverKatsuhiko Mori
Political and Cultural Challenges to Gender Parity in JapanMari Miura, Devin T. Stewart
Abenomics Meets WomenomicsDevin T. Stewart
Japan's Change GenerationDevin T. Stewart
Can Japan Change? Yes, It Can!Devin T. Stewart
Now That Abe Won Control of the Government, the True Test of Abenomics BeginsDevin T. Stewart


Conference of Major Superannuation Funds - Why exhibit at CMSF Central?
Why exhibit at CMSF Central?
Looking to expose your brand to the superannuation industry and meet key decision makers?
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CMSF Central provides a limited number of booths to ensure maximum return for exhibitors while profiling new products and services and positioning your company in the mind of the superannuation industry's key decision makers.
If you are looking to profile your brand, product or service to the $1.4 trillion profit-to-member superannuation sector, you cannot afford to miss CMSF 2020.


As a hiring manager, it's important to ask the right questions to potential candidates for a construction crew. Centered around safety, reliability, and expertise, the following interview questions for construction workers will help you uncover the best of the best hires.
It's paramount to find candidates who take the initiative and make their voice heard on projects. Dig deep on this one — how did the job turn out? How did the team react?
Discuss the biggest roadblocks you've encountered during a project. How did you resolve them?
It's hardly possible to satisfy everyone all of the time. However, construction crews must ensure a client is happy with the end product. If a customer has issues with the quality of a candidate's work, then the candidate should always confer with the customer to determine what went wrong. What measures would they take to correct the problem?
There's nothing more important than being able to understand blueprints and electrical drawings in the construction industry. Because all construction-related activities depend on these two things, if a candidate cannot read and interpret these, they can't plan and execute successful construction activities. You might even ask the candidate to take a look at some sample blueprints to search for possible problems and ask them to describe what they're seeing.
Through our TruProcess, we are able to consistently deliver exceptional candidates that help organizations continue down successful paths.


Harmonic minor mode I : Harmonic minor scale (minor). It is the most used of the seven modes.The formula is 1- 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - 7.
Harmonic minor mode II : Locrian 13 or Locrian 6 (half-diminished). Formula is 1 - b2 - b3 - 4 - b5 - 6 - b7.
Harmonic minor mode III : Ionian #5 (augmented). Formula is 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - #5 - 6 - 7.
Harmonic minor mode IV : Dorian #11 (or dorian #4) (minor). Formula is 1 - 2 - b3 - #4 - 5 - 6 - b7.
Harmonic minor mode V : Phrygian dominant (dominant). Formula is 1 - b2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7.
Harmonic minor mode VI : Lydian #2 (major). Formula is 1 - #2 - 3 - #4 - 5 - 6 -7 .
Harmonic minor mode VII. Super locrian bb7 (diminished). Formula is 1 - b2 - b3 - b4 - b5 - b6 - bb7.
The harmonic minor scale is an efficient choice when you want to improvise over a minor chord in a minor ii-V-I sequence. This jazz guitar lesson explains how to play the harmonic minor scale on guitar and provides some guitar diagrams, scale charts and jazz guitar licks to master it.
Understanding the Locrian natural 6 mode. This guitar lesson show you how to build and how to play the Locrian natural 6 mode aka Locrian #6 mode, the second mode of the harmonic minor scale. You will find on this page some guitar diagrams and scale charts to play the Locrian 13 scale on the guitar.
Understanding and learning how to play the Ionian #5 scale, the third mode of the harmonic minor scale on the guitar. This guitar lesson will help you understand the Ionian #5 mode through guitar neck diagrams and scale charts.
The Dorian #4 mode is also named Dorian #11 or Romanian scale or Romanian minor scale. This is the fourth mode of the harmonic minor scale. This guitar lesson with diagrams and scale charts explain how the Dorian #4 mode is built and how to play it on the guitar .
This lesson with diagrams and charts show you how is built the Phrygian dominant mode and how to play it on the guitar. This is the fifth mode of the harmonic minor scale, sometimes referred to as Phrygian major, or Mixolydian b9 b13 scale. It is a great choice when you want to improvise over dominant chords.
This jazz guitar lesson provides neck diagrams and charts about the Lydian #2 scale, the sixth mode of the harmonic minor scale. It contains the same notes as the Lydian mode, but with an augmented 2 instead of a natural 2. It can be interesting to use it over major chords when you want to add spice to your playing.
It is important not to confuse the super Locrian mode aka ultra Locrian with the super Locrian scale also known as the altered scale. This jazz guitar lesson provides some guitar shapes, diagrams and scale charts to learn how to play the Super Locrian mode on your guitar. Check it out.


text:
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A Florida manatee, or West Indian Manatee, swims slowly through the clear waters of Crystal River.
Species: West indian manatee, Trichechus manatus
Location: Three Sisters Springs, Crystal River, Florida
Purple owls clover, Rancho La Costa, Carlsbad.
Location: Rancho La Costa, Carlsbad, California
The bisons massive head is its most characteristic feature. Its forehead bulges because of its convex-shaped frontal bone. Its shoulder hump, dwindling bowlike to the haunches, is supported by unusually long spinal vertebrae. Over powerful neck and shoulder muscles grows a great shaggy coat of curly brown fur, and over the head, like an immense hood, grows a shock of black hair. Its forequarters are higher and much heavier than its haunches. A mature bull stands about 6 1/2 feet (2 meters) at the shoulder and weighs more than 2,000 pounds (900 kilograms). The bisons horns are short and black. In the male they are thick at the base and taper abruptly to sharp points as they curve outward and upward; the females horns are more slender.
Species: American bison, Bison bison
Location: Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
Delicate Arch, dusted with snow, at sunset, with the snow-covered La Sal mountains in the distance. Delicate Arch stands 45 feet high, with a span of 33 feet, atop of bowl of slickrock sandstone.
Location: Delicate Arch, Arches National Park, Utah
Owl Canyon, a beautiful slot canyon that is part of the larger Antelope Canyon system. Page, Arizona.
Location: Navajo Tribal Lands, Page, Arizona
Long-tailed meadowlark, Leistes loyca, Patagonia.
Species: Long Tailed Meadowlark, Leistes loyca
Location: Puerto Piramides, Chubut, Argentina
Patagonian burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia, Valdes Peninsula, Argentina.
Devil's Postpile, a spectacular example of columnar basalt. Once molten and under great pressure underground, the lava that makes up Devil's Postpile cooled evenly and slowly, contracting and fracturing into polygonal-sided columns. The age of the formation is estimated between 100 and 700 thousand years old. Sometime after the basalt columns formed, a glacier passed over the formation, cutting and polishing the tops of the columns. The columns have from three to seven sides, varying because of differences in how quickly portions of the lava cooled.
Location: Devils Postpile National Monument, California
Guineafowl puffer fish, black phase.
Location: Isla San Diego, Baja California, Mexico
Lowlying plants grow where a forest fire has cleared the forest floor of debris, allowing seeds of small shrubs and trees to take root. The charred and burnt trees remain behind, some of them still alive in spite of their blackened appearance.
Location: Mariposa Grove, Yosemite National Park, California
All photographs copyright © Phillip Colla / Oceanlight.com, all rights reserved worldwide.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Cezar John Mutuc
Cezar John Mutuc shot it out with anti-drug operatives who tried to arrest him in Barangay Malhacan, Meycauayan at around 3:30 p. m., police said. Four sachets of shabu, a .38-caliber revolver and marked money were reportedly recovered from the fatality.
Cezar John Mutuc shot it out with anti-drug operatives who tried to arrest him in Barangay Malhacan, Meycauayan at around 3:30 p. m., police said.
Four sachets of shabu, a .38-caliber revolver and marked money were reportedly recovered from the fatality.
Barangay Malhacan, Meycauayan, Bulacan
https://www.philstar.com/nation/2018/04/25/1809081/1-dead-cop-arrested-drug-stings#m9U0lC3t4OGlGhbF.99


ATLANTA — Kenneth Calhoun is the new chairman of American Trucking Associations' Technology & Maintenance Council, taking over the one-year leadership position at TMC's closing banquet dinner during its annual meeting on March 20.
Ford Motor Co. plans to spend about $900 million and hire about 900 workers to build electric and self-driving vehicles in Michigan, while moving production of a small commercial van to Mexico from Europe.
An online presence for sharing potentially sensitive information about operations at federal transportation agencies was unveiled by a committee in the U.S. House of Representatives.
ATLANTA — Representatives from self-driving truck startups TuSimple and Embark and truck platooning firm Peloton Technology continued the industry's conversation about the emergence of automated trucking at American Trucking Associations' 2019 Technology & Maintenance Council annual meeting.


text:
package org.orekit.forces.maneuvers.trigger;

import org.hipparchus.CalculusFieldElement;
import org.orekit.propagation.FieldSpacecraftState;
import org.orekit.time.FieldAbsoluteDate;

/** Resetter for maneuver triggers.
 * @param <T> type of the field elements
 * @see AbstractManeuverTriggers
 * @author Luc Maisonobe
 * @since 11.1
 */
public interface FieldManeuverTriggersResetter<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> {

    /** Initialization method called at propagation start.
     *

     * The default implementation does nothing.
     *

     * @param initialState initial spacecraft state (at the start of propagation).
     * @param target date of propagation. Not equal to {@code initialState.getDate()}.
     */
    default void init(FieldSpacecraftState<T> initialState, FieldAbsoluteDate<T> target) {
        // nothing by default
    }

    /** Observe a maneuver trigger.
     *

     * The {@code start} parameter corresponds to physical flow of time
     * from past to future, not to propagation direction which can be backward.
     * This means that during forward propagations, the first call will have
     * {@code start} set to {@code true} and the second call will have
     * {@code start} set to {@code false}, whereas in backward propagation,
     * the first call will have {@code start} set to {@code false} and the second
     * call will have {@code start} set to {@code true}.
     *

     * @param state spacecraft state at trigger date (before applying the maneuver)
     * @param start if true, the trigger is the start of the maneuver
     */
    void maneuverTriggered(FieldSpacecraftState<T> state, boolean start);

    /** Reset state as a maneuver triggers.
     * @param state spacecraft state at trigger date
     * @return reset state taking into account maneuver start/stop
     */
    FieldSpacecraftState<T> resetState(FieldSpacecraftState<T> state);

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Tanuyan went to the art gallery Mithubishijisho ARTIUM (in Tenjin IMZ 8F) Fukuoka.
This exhibition is titled "Kyoichi Tsuzuki My private Kyushu".
Kyoichi Tsuzuki has unique standpoint.
The rabits & cats are from Fushigi Museum in Nakagawa-machi.
This museum opens only Sunday & national holidays(hivernation is closing).
If you Unsatisfactory by the usual Art,so I recommend.
This exhibition is until 30th of October 2016.


text:
Honor 8A Pro with Helio P35 launched: Price, specifications
Huawei sub-brand Honor has launched a new smartphone Honor 8A Pro in Russia today. The budget phone is powered by the new MediaTek Helio P35 SoC and sports a 6.09-inch HD+ display. Interestingly, in the times of dual cameras, the Honor 8A Pro comes with a single camera at the back.
Honor 8A Pro Full Specifications
The Honor 8A Pro sports a 6.09-inch HD+ (720×1560 pixels) IPS display with 19.5:9 aspect ratio. It is powered by octa-core MediaTek Helio P35 SoC with PowerVR GE8320 GPU. It packs 3GB RAM and 64GB storage which can be expanded up to 512GB via a dedicated microSD card slot.
In terms of camera, the handset comes with a 13-megapixel primary camera with f/1.8 aperture and LED flash. It sports an 8-megapixel selfie camera. The smartphone runs on on Android 9 Pie with EMUI 9.0 on top.
Connectivity options on the phone include 4G VoLTE support, Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n, Bluetooth 4.2, GPS, Glonass, and a Micro-USB port. The phone sports a rear-mounted fingerprint sensor as well. The Honor 8A Pro, further, includes a 3,020mAh battery.
The Honor 8A Pro is priced at RUB 13,990 (Rs. 14,700 approx.). However, just for today, it will be sold at just RUB 10,912 (roughly Rs. 11,500). The smartphone comes in two color options – Black and Blue. There is no word on its availability in other markets as of now.
"Honor 8A Pro with Helio P35 launched: Price, specifications", 5 out of 5 based on 1 ratings.
Bhavin Rajput April 13, 2019 at 13:33
the specs and features of the phone seem quite great! i am quite impressed to see the mediatek helio P90 processor inside


"Hospital pharmacists must be involved in the design, specification of parameters and evaluation of ICT within the medicines processes. This will ensure that pharmacy services are integrated within the general Information and Communication Technology (ICT) framework of the hospital including electronic health (eHealth) and mobile health (mHealth) procedures."
What does it mean for patients?All patients will receive required treatment and care by hospital pharmacists where appropriate. It is important to identify criteria in order to focus on the activities of the hospital pharmacy ensuring the best possible outcome for patients in line with the available resources.
What does it mean for healthcare professionals?Health systems have limited resources and these should be used responsibly. Hospital pharmacists should develop, together with other healthcare professionals, criteria in order to focus on the activities of the hospital pharmacy ensuring the minimal impact for patients.
What does it mean for Hospital Pharmacists?Criteria should be developed in-formally together with other healthcare professionals and administrators. The criteria should be rational, ethical and based on agreement of all parties.


text:
25 of Britain's best stately homes
Sally Hales
Blenheim Palace. Credit: Pixabay
We've toured the British Isles to bring you 25 of Britain's best stately homes, from the World Heritage Site of Blenheim Palace to the 'real' Downton Abbey, Highclere Castle…
The number of heritage buildings still standing proudly across our land never fails to amaze us. Most of our stately homes have hosted kings and queens, prime ministers, actors and poets – all manner of illustrious guests.
Here are some of Britain's best stately homes, from examples of architectural brilliance to places that hide unbelievable stories. So read on, enjoy, and start planning your next trip.
1. Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire
We simply had to mention Blenheim, the sprawling Oxfordshire estate that was built for John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. The palace was built on land gifted to Churchill by Queen Anne. Anne also awarded him £240,000 for his victory over the French in the War of the Spanish Succession.
It was at Blenheim almost two centuries later that one of the duke's descendants, Sir Winston Churchill, was born. The future prime minister even chose to propose to Clementine Hozier here, by the Temple of Diana, in 1908.
The house – the only non-royal or non-episcopal country house in England to be called a palace – is a masterpiece of English Baroque architecture. Designed by Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor, it includes many beautiful features, such as the painted ceiling in the Saloon.
However, Blenheim's 2,000 acres of gardens – one of the most exquisite works of 18th-century landscape architect Lancelot 'Capability' Brown – are what really make it special. It's small wonder UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1987.
2. Highclere Castle, West Berkshire
Highclere Castle is the 'real' Downton Abbey
With news that a Downton Abbey film is in the works, surely it's time to revisit the glorious Berkshire ancestral home that has formed the backdrop to so many scenes of the Crawley family and their household.
The 'real' Downton Abbey, Highclere Castle, is the family seat of the Earls of Carnarvon. It was the current countess, Lady Carnarvon, a close friend of Downton Abbey writer Julian Fellowes, who saw the value in opening the house up to the period drama that has revived the estate's fortunes.
Although Highclere has been in the hands of the Carnarvon family since 1679, (and its gardens were also designed by Capability Brown), the current house was remodelled in the Jacobean style in 1838 for the 3rd Earl of Carnarvon by Sir Charles Barry, the man who famously rebuilt the Palace of Westminster.
Highclere Castle became the focus of a media circus in 1922 when the 5th Earl discovered the Tomb of Tutankhamun. The earl died shortly after the discovery, leading to the story of the 'Curse of Tutankhamun'. However the earl's death could be explained by blood poisoning from an infected mosquito bite.
3. Chatsworth, Derbyshire
The state apartments of Chatsworth House are extraordinary. Credit: Paul Barker
Few English estates draw such delight as this one in the heart of the Peak District. Chatsworth is known to many as Pemberley in the 2005 film adaptation of Pride and Prejudice, starring Keira Knightley. Eagle-eyed viewers may also remember it from another Knightley film, The Duchess.
Chatsworth has been the seat of the Dukes of Devonshire since 1549 and has passed through the hands of 16 generations of the Cavendish family.
The house is famed for its art collection, which spans four centuries, but its state apartments, overhauled to accommodate a visit from King William III and Queen Mary II that never actually happened, are extraordinary.
4. Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire
Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall. Credit: Eleanor Scriven/Robert Harding World Imagery/Corbis
Bess of Hardwick was one of the most influential figures in Elizabethan times – she was second in wealth only to Queen Elizabeth I – and Hardwick Hall was one of her homes.
It is a magnificent example of a prodigy house – showy properties built to house the queen on her annual progresses.
The plentiful windows – an extravagance as glass was expensive – led to the rhyme, 'Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall.'
5. Wentworth Woodhouse, South Yorkshire
The East Front of Wentworth Woodhouse, the longest country house frontage in England. Credit: Leo RosserAlamy
The largest private residence in Europe, Wentworth is twice the width of Buckingham Palace. This 18th-century mansion has recently been bought and will undergo £40m of restoration work over the next 20 years.
It was once the home of Charles I's ill-fated administrator, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford. Wentworth was tried and beheaded for treason in 1641. The house also hosted a visit by King George V and Queen Mary in 1912.
6. Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire
The Cloisters at Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire. Credit: National Trust Images/Mark Bolton
This quirky country house, near the historic town of Lacock, was built on a former nunnery and represented the 'real' Wolf Hall, the family seat of the Seymours, in the recent TV adaptation of Hilary Mantel's novels.
Scenes depicting King Henry VIII's bedroom and his lodgings at Calais were also filmed here. In real life, Henry sold Lacock to one of his courtiers, Sir William Sharington, following the Dissolution of the Monasteries. It is now in the care of the National Trust.
7. Stonor, Oxfordshire
Edmund Campion printed his famous Decem Rationes at Stonor
Although it is one of our oldest manor houses, Stonor is also one of our lesser-known stately homes, despite the fact that one of the most significant religious events in British history took place here.
In 1581 Edmund Campion hid in the roof space while he printed 400 copies of his famous treatise, Decem Rationes, arguing for Catholicism. However, he was soon caught and tortured before being hung, drawn and quartered.
The house is open at select times from April to September and holds a rare copy of the Decem Rationes.
8. Castle Howard, North Yorkshire
It took over 100 years to build Yorkshire's castle Howard
So ambitious was the vision for Castle Howard, the private residence of the Howard family for more than 300 years, that the Baroque building took over 100 years to complete. The result was astounding, though, with two symmetrical wings and a central dome.
Although much of Castle Howard was devastated by fire in the 1940s, over the years many rooms have been restored. However, when the house was used as the backdrop for the film version of Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited in 2008, parts were superficially restored and the East Wing remains a shell.
9. Crag Hall, Derbyshire
You can hire out the whole of Crag Hall
Until recently this sandstone Georgian country house with views over Peak District National Park was the private shooting lodge and holiday home of the Earl and Countess of Derby, but now you can hire it for your own gathering.
Located amid historic royal hunting ground, this 12-bedroomed property can accommodate up to 21 guests. A perfect set-up for living out your Downton Abbey fantasies.
10. Kenwood House, London
The newly restored library at Kenwood House. Credit: English Heritage/Patricia Payne
Hidden in London's Hampstead Heath, Kenwood House is a Robert Adam's house, remodelled by the architect in 1764 to include a new entrance, attic-storey bedrooms and one of his most famous interiors – the Great Library, which was restored to its original colours during a major restoration project in 2013.
The grounds are home to ancient woodland and landscaped gardens, probably designed by Humphry Repton, and feature sculptures from the likes of Barbara Hepworth and Henry Moore.
11. Lyme Park, Cheshire
The Dining Room at Lyme Park. Credit: National Trust Images/Andreas von Einsiedel
Best known for its starring role as Mr Darcy's Pemberley in the 1995 BBC adaptation of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice (yes, that scene when Colin Firth emerges from the lake), Lyme Park is a fine example of an Italianate palace.
Outside, the 1,300 acres are home to a medieval herd of red and fallow deer, while inside you'll find an incredible collection of English clocks and the famous Mortlake tapestries. The Edwardian era was when Lyme Park was in its heyday and the house is a time capsule of that period.
12. Buscot Park, Oxfordshire
Buscot Park is home to the impressive paintings of the Farringdon Collection. Credit: The National Trust Photolibrary/Alamy
This stately home was built in the Renaissance Revival style of architecture between 1779 and 1783 for Edward Loveden Townsend. Buscot also houses the Farringdon Collection, with paintings by Rembrandt, Reynolds, Rubens and Van Dyck.
13. Great Chalfield Manor and Garden, Wiltshire
15th-century Great Chalfield Manor, Wiltshire. Credit: National Trust Images/Andrew Butler
The stand-in for Thomas Cromwell's home of Austin Friars in TV's Wolf Hall, Great Chalfield is as pretty an English country house as you can imagine.
The 15th-century moated manor house is set in tranquil countryside and features a gatehouse and stunning oriel windows, all of which withstood a siege by Royalists during the English Civil War. The private residence offers guided tours, or you can book into one of Chalfield Manor's reasonably priced gorgeous four-poster bedrooms for the night.
14. Burghley House, Lincolnshire
Burghley is one of England's great Elizabethan houses. Credit: Andreas von Einsiedel/Alamy
Described as 'England's greatest Elizabethan house', Burghley was built and designed by William Cecil, Lord High Treasurer to Queen Elizabeth I, between 1555 and 1587. Its grounds includes 2,000 acres of Capability Brown gardens, (which were added later), and a deer park.
The interior is lavish and features sumptuous fabrics and carvings by Grinling Gibbons. In the Pagoda Room are portraits of Queen Elizabeth I, King Henry VIII, Oliver Cromwell and members of the Cecil family.
Some say that beneath its foundations lie the remains of the medieval settlement of Burghley, mentioned in the Domesday Book, which so far has evaded archaeologists.
15. Mount Stuart, Isle of Bute
Mount Stuart is a house of many firsts. Credit: MST and Keith Hunter
It may come as a surprise that the first house in Britain to have an indoor heated swimming pool is hidden on the tiny Isle of Bute in the Firth of Clyde in Scotland, but then Mount Stuart is no ordinary place. It was also probably the first property in Scotland to have electric lighting, central heating and a passenger lift – a horse-drawn railway was needed to build the house.
The Gothic Revival building, which replaced an earlier Georgian property, is a feat of Victorian engineering. It was created for John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute – the richest man in Britain in the late 19th century.
16. Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire
A Stag at Woburn Abbey Safari Park. Credit: VisitEngland/Woburn Safari Park
Woburn has been in the Russell family since King Edward VI gifted it to John Russell in 1547. In 1550 John was made the first Earl of Bedford.
It's been the family seat since the 1620s and it was turned into the English Palladian home in the 1800s. The estate first opened to the public in 1955 and its impressive art collection includes the largest private collection of Venetian views painted by Canaletto on public view and the Armada Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I.
17. Longleat House, Wiltshire
Longleat is set amid 900 acres of Capability Brown landscaped parkland. Credit: VisitBritain/Britain on View
Completed in 1580, Longleat is another of our great Elizabethan houses. Set in 900 acres of Capability Brown parkland, it also has one of the largest book collections in Europe. Look out for the bloodstained waistcoat of King Charles in the Great Hall – he reportedly wore it at his execution.
Now home to the 7th Marquess of Bath and run by his son, Viscount Weymouth, Longleat has come a long way from the property bought by MP John Thynne in 1540 for £53.
18. Llancaiach Fawr Manor, South Wales
Llancaiach Fawr Manor House was once visited by King Charles I. Credit: Keith Beeson/Alamy
Built circa 1550 for Dafydd ap Richard, this house is a great example of a semi-fortified manor house. It's laid out much as it would have been in 1645 when King Charles I visited. Charles must have angered the owner, Colonel Edward Prichard, as he switched allegiances to the Roundheads.
19. Luton Hoo, Bedfordshire
Luton Hoo is now a lavish hotel
A house has stood at Luton Hoo since at least 1601 when Sir Robert Napier, 1st Baronet, purchased the estate. The house we see today dates from the late 18th century. At the time it was the seat of the 3rd Earl of Bute, then prime minister to King George III. Like many of Britain's best stately homes, it too has Capability Brown designed gardens.
Guests at Luton Hoo hotel can enjoy the Edwardian Belle Epoque interiors introduced by the people behind the Ritz. One highlight is the Wernher Restaurant, named after the owner who ordered the works. Over the years the estate has fulfilled many roles, including testing tanks during the Second World War.
Today it's a fantastic place to get a taste of the English country life. Take afternoon tea or have a go at archery, much as past guests of its distinguished owners would have done.
20. Hatfield House, Hertfordshire
Hatfield House is easily accessible from London
Within easy reach of London, this Jacobean-style property was built for Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, on the site of Hatfield Palace. Cecil had exchanged Hatfield with King James I for the nearby Cecil family home of Theobalds.
Like the king, Robert Cecil wasn't keen on the rather old-fashioned Hatfield Palace, which had been owned by King Henry VIII, and so he rebuilt it as Hatfield House.
It was here that Henry VIII's offspring, Mary, Elizabeth and Edward played as children. Elizabeth was even supposedly told of her ascension to the throne at Hatfield.
The Marble Hall takes its name from the chequered black and white flooring where guests would have danced at balls. Guests were overlooked by the Rainbow Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I – perhaps the most colourful portrait of the Tudor era. The inscription 'Non sine sole iris', meaning 'no rainbow without the sun', reminds viewers that only the queen's wisdom can ensure peace and prosperity.
21. Norton Conyers, North Yorkshire
Did Norton Conyers provide inspiration for Jane Eyre's woman in the attic?
It is one of the most enduring images in English literature: the mad woman locked away in the attic. And it was at Norton Conyers that Charlotte Brontë is said to have taken inspiration for her novel, Jane Eyre.
Charlotte Brontë visited the medieval house in 1839, before she wrote her seminal novel. Could it be mere coincidence that Norton Conyers has its own legend of a woman hidden in an attic? The discovery of a blocked staircase in 2004, much like the one in the novel, seemed to confirm the theory. The house has recently been restored and reopened to the public on a few select days each year.
22. Blickling Hall, Norfolk
The South Drawing Room at Blickling Hall. Credit: National Trust Images/Nadia Mackenzie
Was this red brick mansion built on the site of the birthplace of Anne Boleyn? The house was built on the ruins of the former Boleyn home during the reign of King James I. Anne's parents lived here from 1499 to 1505, so if Anne was indeed born in 1501 then it's highly probable.
On the staircase of the Great Hall there are reliefs of Anne and her daughter, Queen Elizabeth I. Anne's ghost is also said to appear carrying her severed head every year on the anniversary of her execution. The South Drawing Room, with its Jacobean-style chimneypiece and ceiling, is also highly impressive.
23. Montacute House, Somerset
Montacute House. Credit: National Trust Images/Stuart Cox
This late Elizabethan house was Greenwich Palace in TV's Wolf Hall and is considered a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture. The house's biggest draw by far is its Long Gallery, the longest of its kind in England. Montacute's Long Gallery displays over 60 Tudor and Elizabethan portraits loaned to the house by the National Portrait Gallery.
24. Sudeley Castle, Gloucestershire
Sudeley Castle is the final resting place of Catherine Parr. Credit: VisitBritain/Britain on View
The final resting place of King Henry VIII's last wife, Catherine Parr, this beautiful private castle is perhaps as well known for its colourful gardens as its restored Tudor buildings.
Situated in the heart of the Cotswolds, in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, just a few miles from Broadway, Sudeley lay in ruin for almost 200 years following the English Civil War when Cromwell ordered its 'slighting', until an ambitious restoration project began in 1837.
25. Somerleyton Hall, Suffolk
Somerleyton Hall is open to the public from April to September
This gorgeous Tudor palace opens to the public from April to September. It grounds feature one of Britain's finest yew hedge mazes and a 70ft-long pergola.


Bitcoin Press Release: UTRUST has raised $3.5 Million from early private investors and its sold out pre-ICO for its blockchain payments platform; announcing early supporter rewards for anyone who registers on the UTRUST website before September 20th.
September 17th, 2017, Zug, Switzerland: UTRUST is pleased to announce it has so far raised $3.5 Million USD in total, for the world's first Bitcoin and cryptocurrency payments platform with consumer protections. To express gratitude and to show how much they appreciate the enthusiasm of their supporters, UTRUST has decided to introduce an Early Supporter Reward.
Anyone who is already registered, or who registers on the UTRUST website before the 20th of September 2017, will receive a 20% reward on the first $10,000 contributed during the ICO. For example, if a supporter contributes $1,000, they will receive $1,200 of UTRUST tokens.
UTRUST CEO Nuno Correia, and co-founder Filipe Castro, CIO also hosted a live video streaming AMA event on the 15th September. Nuno, Filipe, and Artur the CTO answered many questions from the community. The full recorded live stream can be viewed here.
Last week, UTRUST also announced that a new public ICO date will be shared in early October, with a more equitable public ICO structure.
UTRUST has currently raised $3.5 Million through private early investors and the sold out pre-ICO, with the public ICO to be announced in early October.
With 2.5 billion unbanked people in Emerging Markets yet to benefit from financial inclusion, UTRUST is also planning to build the bridge to enable the unbanked worldwide to access the mainstream global financial system.
UTRUST's public ICO will be set in October. The company will use the collected funds to establish key industry partnerships and to develop the world's first PayPal-like cryptocurrency payments platform. The ERC20 compatible tokens are created over the Ethereum protocol, and can be used as a means of payment on UTRUST's payment gateway along with other cryptocurrencies.
UTRUST's token can be used for making zero fee payments to the thousands of merchants accepting any cryptocurrency via UTRUST, and be traded against other currencies on supported exchange platforms.
UTRUST will allocate a certain portion of the revenues to buyback and destroy the tokens in circulation. Being a deflationary currency by design, the demand for UTRUST tokens will increase with time, which combined with buyback should lead to appreciation in its market value.
Nuno Correia is an early cryptocurrency investor who has been involved in the cryptomarkets since the beginning of 2011. Having founded multiple B2C businesses in the past, Correia has a background in Law and Marketing, and his passion lies in transforming the future of digital payments.
Filipe Castro holds a business degree from MSENG and is passionate about disruptive technologies. He has experience developing electronic payment systems and other software solutions during the early days of his career. Castro is engaged in business development and strategic development of new ventures.
Artur Goulão comes with previous experience in the payments industry. He has previously donned the role of a CTO in one of leading digital payment platform and is currently serving as the Head of Development at a Swiss-based Cybersecurity company. With a background in computer science from IST and MIT, Goulão is well-acquainted with both classical and blockchain smart contract based approach.
Founder and Product Manager at several startups prior to UTRUST, he has been leading different teams to build highly-reliable software products, with a focus on the end user experience. Previously, he has worked together with major international companies such as AT&T, Betfair, Airtel, and Uphold, being responsible for the vision outline, goals and product strategy of solutions used by millions of users.
Other significant team members include Luis Ferreira as Head of Engineering; Laura Esteves as Head of Operations; Joao Ferreira as Head of Design; Nick Olender as Head of Sales and Partnerships; and Francisco Baila as Product Designer. UTRUST has a team of software engineers like Miguel Palhas, Gabriel Poca, Ronaldo Sousa, Fernando Mendes, Bruno Azevedo, Pedro Costa, and Joao Justo.
UTRUST's diverse advisory team includes Francisco Maia, Francisco Cruz, Joao Paulo, Sergio Viana, Marc Howland, David Dryan, Daniel Pierce and Sascha Benz.


New 2011 Sram! This Race Mini Kit contains 2 cartridges of 16 gr, 1 adapter for inflating a case, an insulating membrane and two tire levers. Fits Presta and Schrader valves. Info: Watch these parts are not shippable in DOM TOM due to non compatibility airline!


Specialized products are serviced by Certified Fitters.
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Visit our store, located at 1340 Danforth Ave near Greenwood Ave!
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text:
//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// This file is a part of the 'BasicWebApp' project.
// Copyright 2015 Elmar Sonnenschein, esoco GmbH, Flensburg, Germany
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//	  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
package org.sdack.app.demo.server.entity;

import de.esoco.entity.Entity;

import org.obrel.core.RelationType;
import org.obrel.type.StandardTypes;

import static org.obrel.core.RelationTypes.newType;

/********************************************************************
 * An simplified entity class that contains user data.
 *
 * @author eso
 */
public class Person extends Entity
{
	//~ Static fields/initializers ---------------------------------------------

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	//- Attributes -------------------------------------------------------------
	/** The last or main name of the person. */
	public static final RelationType<String> NAME = StandardTypes.NAME;

	/** The optional first name(s) of a natural person. */
	public static final RelationType<String> FIRST_NAME =
		StandardTypes.FIRST_NAME;

	/** The login name of the person. */
	public static final RelationType<String> LOGIN_NAME = newType();

	/** The hashed value for the login password of the person. */
	public static final RelationType<String> PASSWORD_HASH = newType();
}


text:
Q: Confirming an answer for finding a limit I have to found the limit of the sequence $(x_n)$, which is equal to:
$((2^3-1)/(2^3+1))$ $((3^3-1)/(3^3+1))$ $...$ $((n^3-1)/(n^3+1))$,
and I used the tricks that $(n^3-1)$=$(n-1)(n^2+n+1)$, and that $(n^3+1)$=$(n+1)(n^2-n+1)$, and after cancellation, I found the limit is 2/3.  Can anyone confirm this please?  Thanks

A: Yes you are right!
$$\prod_{k=2}^n \dfrac{k^3 - 1}{k^3 + 1} = \dfrac{2(n^2 +n + 1)}{3n(n+1)} \to \frac{2}{3}$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Unia est le plus grand syndicat en Suisse. Il est actif dans les secteurs de l'industrie, de la construction et des services privés. Unia représente les intérêts de tous les travailleurs et propose à ses membres conseils, assistance juridique et autres services.

Unia gère également la plus importante caisse de chômage de Suisse. Unia est le plus grand syndicat de travailleurs et travailleuses du secteur privé et le plus grand membre de l'Union syndicale suisse.

Unia œuvre dans le monde du travail pour établir un rapport de force plus équilibré en faveur des travailleurs. Environ  ont rejoint le syndicat Unia et 270 conventions collectives de travail (CCT) ont été établies afin de protéger les conditions de travail d'environ un million de travailleurs en Suisse. A l'interne toutefois, de nombreux cas de mobbing et de licenciements abusifs ont été révélés au sein du propre personnel d'Unia.

Unia est également un syndicat actif sur le plan politique et s'engage entièrement pour une société plus juste et sociale. Unia s'implique fortement pour mener à bien des initiatives et participe à de nombreuses campagnes de votation.

Le syndicat Unia participe et organise de grandes manifestations et prend part aux rassemblements populaires.

Histoire
Le syndicat Unia est issu de la fusion du 16 octobre 2004 qui a rassemblé le SIB (Syndicat de l'industrie du bâtiment), de la FTMH (Fédération suisse des travailleurs de la métallurgie et de l'horlogerie) et de la FCTA (Fédération suisse des travailleurs du commerce, des transports et de l'alimentation), l'ancien syndicat « unia » (actif dans les services) et le syndicat genevois « actions » (actif dans le secteur tertiaire).

Structure
Le syndicat Unia est une association au sens du Code civil suisse. Les organes dirigeants sont le Comité central et le Comité directeur. Ses  sont répartis dans 14 régions, divisées en 45 sections actives au travers de ses 110 secrétariats locaux. Les activités sont gérées par corps de métiers en 4 secteurs : la construction, l'artisanat, l'industrie et le tertiaire. En outre, quatre groupes d'intérêt œuvrent dans les domaines liés à la jeunesse, les femmes, la migration et les retraités.
La caisse de chômage indépendante d'Unia comprend 69 offices de paiement en Suisse. En 2013, elle a versé des prestations d'assurance chômage pour plus de CHF 1 milliard.

Campagnes
Unia s'engage pour de nombreuses causes en faveur des salariés, notamment :
 pour un salaire minimum en Suisse

Pour Unia, un salaire minimum garantit la dignité de tous les employés. C'est une mesure efficace de lutte contre le dumping salarial. Un premier pas très important a été franchi dans ce domaine à Neuchâtel, où, en août 2017, un salaire minimum cantonal a été introduit à la suite d'une décision du tribunal fédéral.
 pour des mesures d'accompagnement à la libre circulation des personnes

Les mesures d'accompagnement protègent les conditions de travail en Suisse. Elles visent à prévenir le dumping salarial et les conditions de travail abusives. Pour Unia, quiconque travaille en Suisse doit le faire aux conditions suisses. Unia réclame notamment plus de contrôles et des sanctions plus sévères contre les entreprises qui ne respectent pas les lois en la matière.
 pour la santé au travail et contre le stress

Les stress augmente au travail et il pèse sur la santé des employés. Unia a réalisé une étude sur le stress au bureau. Le résultat est alarmant. Actuellement, deux initiatives parlementaires proposent d'assouplir la saisie du temps de travail. Pour Unia, cette saisie est très importante pour protéger la santé des employés. Unia se bat donc farouchement contre ces deux initiatives.
 pour que la numérisation de l'économie soit réalisée dans le respect de la santé et des droits des salariés

Dans tous les domaines économiques, la numérisation est en marche. Elle a des conséquences importantes sur l'emploi en Suisse, sur la nature du travail des employés, sur la qualité de leur vie professionnelle, etc. C'est pourquoi Unia se bat pour une numérisation sociale de l'économie avec des possibilités de formation et de reconversion pour les employés, dans le respect de leurs droits et des lois en vigueur.

Secteurs et branches
Unia s'engage pour les salariés dans quatre secteurs : industrie, arts et métiers, construction, tertiaire.
 tertiaire : En Suisse, plus de la moitié des salariés sont occupés dans le secteur tertiaire (vente, hôtellerie-restauration, bureaux, transport routier, etc.). Unia se bat pour davantage de conventions collectives de travail. Le syndicat a par exemple obtenu la signature d'une convention pour les employés des shops de stations-service. Unia milite également contre l'extension des heures d'ouverture des magasins, et s'oppose au dumping salarial et à de nombreux abus commis dans le domaine de l'hôtellerie et de la restauration, comme récemment dans un restaurant du canton de Neuchâtel au Creux du vent. Unia défend également les employés du secteur privé des soins, où les abus contre le personnel sont nombreux, avec des conséquences pour les patients et leurs familles.
 industrie : Unia doit souvent lutter dans ce secteur contre les licenciements collectifs, comme récemment chez Novartis : le groupe pharmaceutique veut supprimer des centaines d'emplois à Bâle. Les salariés ont remis 1 165 signatures à la direction pour s'opposer à tout licenciement. En Suisse romande, Unia défend également les salariés de Bombardier ou Thermo Fisher menacés de licenciement.
 arts et métiers : Le secteur suisse des arts et métiers est dominé par les petites entreprises. Il recouvre des domaines d'activités aussi divers que l'industrie du bois, la carrosserie, la plâtrerie-peinture, ou encore la sculpture et taille de pierre! , Unia soutient par exemple les électriciens dans leur campagne nationale en vue du renouvellement de leur convention collective de travail (CCT) et dans de nombreux conflits locaux, comme en septembre 2017 à Neuchâtel ou en août 2017 à Yverdon.
 construction : Unia est omniprésent dans la construction. D'où de bonnes conditions de travail dans beaucoup de branches du secteur. Régulièrement, Unia doit pourtant encore se battre pour le maintien des emplois et la protection des droits des travailleurs dans ce domaine, comme ce fut le cas en mars 2017 sur un chantier de l'entreprise Walo à Genève.

Dans son secteur construction, Unia défend aussi les intérêts des salariés dans les branches du paysagisme, du nettoyage, de la planification (contremaîtres), de l'industrie des matériaux de construction et de l'agriculture.

Groupes d'intérêt
Unia compte quatre groupes d'intérêt : femmes, jeunesse, Unia60+ et migrations.

Ces différents groupes mènent des campagnes pour défendre les droits de ces catégories de salariés, par exemple :

 pour l'égalité salariale : alors que l'égalité salariale entre hommes et femmes est inscrite dans la loi depuis 20 ans, elle n'est toujours pas appliquée en Suisse. Pour qu'hommes et femmes soient rémunérés équitablement, Unia et l'Union syndicale suisse projettent une initiative «Subito» pour la mise en œuvre de l'égalité salariale. Dans le canton du Jura, Unia a également lancé une initiative en faveur de l'égalité salariale en juin 2017.
 pour les droits des apprentis et les stagiaires : Unia demande de meilleures conditions pour les apprentis, car bien souvent les conditions d'apprentissage rebutent les jeunes et les éloignent de certains métiers. Les stagiaires, eux, sont souvent utilisés comme de la main d'œuvre bon marché.
 pour les travailleurs âgés : Unia défend aussi les intérêts des salariés à la retraite. Parmi ses membres, le syndicat compte plus de 20 000 retraités. Unia soutient actuellement la réforme des retraites PV2020, et milite pour une meilleure protection contre le licenciement des travailleurs âgés.
 pour les personnes issues de la migration : Unia défend tous les salariés, quel que soit leur passeport. Le syndicat a par exemple fait une campagne très active à l'hiver 2016-2017 en faveur de la naturalisation facilitée. Le 12 février 2017, les citoyens suisses ont décidé que les enfants nés en Suisse dont les grands-parents ont immigré en Suisse bénéficieront d'une naturalisation facilitée. Avec d'autres syndicats, Unia continue de faire campagne pour que tous les étrangers qui en ont la possibilité se naturalisent.

Controverses

Unia a été a plusieurs reprises l'objet de critiques quant à la gestion de son propre personnel. En 2013, un employé fait un burn-out après avoir accumulé 800 heures supplémentaires en un an, soit près de 3 heures par jour de travail, alors qu'Unia était au courant que cela violait le droit du travail. En 2014, le syndicat a été condamné à verser une indemnité à un ancien employé licencié abusivement. En 2016, une affaire de harcèlement sexuel secoue la section zurichoise d'Unia, qui aboutira à la mise à pied de l'auteur, chef de la section. En juillet 2017, la presse révèle une autre affaire de licenciement abusif datant de mars 2016. Finalement, de nouveaux cas de licenciement considérés comme abusifs au sein de la section vaudoise ont été révélés en 2019.

Catégories de travailleurs
 Construction
 Arts et métiers
 Industrie
 Tertiaire privé

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Droit du travail en Suisse
 Salaire minimum en Suisse

Liens externes
 Site officiel

Unia
Syndicat fondé en 2004

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