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Uneven Development Progress Leaves Rural Women Behind
May 1, 2017 | Oluwabusayo Sotunde | Rural Reporters
MWANZA, TANZANIA – For years, the patriarchal nature of Tanzania has marginalised and disempowered women. In Mwanza, the second biggest city in Tanzania after Dar es Salaam, the rural nature of island communities in the lake zone area is a major social, cultural and economic setback for most women. Not many can go to school, own property or have a career. Today, more women are stepping up as the breadwinner of their families.
When Deborah's husband died in 2014, she was left with almost nothing. Sending her son to school was a big challenge and her work as a journalist could not sustain them. Several months of salaries were yet to be paid. After struggling to make ends meet, she summoned the courage to quit her job. In 2016, she started a vegetable farm.
"My situation has improved for the better. It has helped me to pay the school fees of my son, buy my own car and build a house," she said.
However, while women like Deborah -who are urban, educated and connected -have been able to move ahead of their counterpart, a lot of women in the rural areas are still grappling with the discriminatory traditional practice that relegates the role of women strictly to procreative and household work.
Hassan Abdul Kilaka, the acting executive Mwanza Women Development Association [MWDA], an indigenous NGO that caters for the needs of disadvantaged women in rural and urban Mwanza, says while an increasing number of women are becoming more socially and economically liberated, the same cannot be said for women in the rural areas.
"Women in rural areas are left behind in terms of development. If you go to Ukerewe [an island community in Mwanza], the retention of girls in primary and secondary school is still a big problem. The same goes for other small islands. Development is hard to reach there [rural areas] because it is on an island -far from the city."
According to him, gender violence and discrimination are still prevalent in rural Mwanza. "In some community, women have no right to anything," he said. "There are still a significant number of young girls who are out of school …this will create a social problem in the future when they become a woman because they will not only be uneducated, they will be un-empowered."
In spite of this, many rural women serve as the breadwinner to extended families. For instance, every market day, Tabu Machele travel from Ukara to Ukerewe to sell dried Dagaa [silver cyprinid].
Tabu's job isn't as simple as that. Apart from maintaining a small farm at home, her Dagaa selling business feeds nine mouths -Tabu, her seven kids and her husband, who she says have been out of a job for a while.
Khadija Liganga, a women rights activist in Mwanza says there are many women like Tamu in Tanzania -who are not educated but are taking on the breadwinner role.
"There are many women who have men in the house and yet the man still does not contribute to the welfare of the family. That is a common story".
"Now, men are neglecting agriculture. But it is the small farms maintained by women that are providing for the family and used to send their children to school, regardless of the problem they might have encountered," she said.
But like most rural women, Tabu is not getting much support to assist her in her economic role as a primary provider in the rural economy.
A bag of dried Dagaa costs TSH60, 000. While she sells a small paint plastic for TSH3500 shilling. She makes just TSH500 on each plastic sale. Every market day, traders like Tabu pay TSH4000 daily to bring their products from Ukara to neighbouring Island, Ukerewe.
"When you bring this product into the market, you are supposed to pay TSH500. Also, when you get here, you are supposed to pay another TSH500. That makes TSH1000 in taxes every day. I have to pay another TSH1000 before I leave the market".
"The taxes are affecting us. We pay money at the ferry, and we also have to pay money at the market before we sell. At the end of the day, we barely make TSH5000 as profit," she said.
Tabu said, apart from this she has been unable to improve her business because she couldn't get loan. However, Tabu and some of the market women stated that they are planning to form an association so that they can have access to a loan.
But getting access to finance or loan is very difficult for women, especially those who are living in rural Tanzania. To obtain a loan in Tanzania, one needs to use a valuable asset as collateral. This mostly consists of land, which is quite difficult for most women who live in rural areas because of cultural norms that hinder women from owning properties or lands.
A 2003 International Labour Organization (ILO) study says women in Tanzania face difficulties in accessing bank finance due to lack of property rights (collateral), underestimation by bank officials of women's capacity to borrow and repay as well as pressure by corrupt officials to give sexual favours.
Besides, some rural women are mostly uneducated about how to obtain official deeds for land or access loan.
In Tanzania, as elsewhere in Africa, when divorced or widowed, most African culture strip the woman of the right to use their husband's land, which they may have tended for years, thus losing their main source of income, and compromising their economic future. While there are different legal and constitutional provisions that ensure equality for women to rights to land, discriminatory customary laws still prevent women from land ownership and other rights they are supposed to enjoy.
For those in the city like Deborah, the biggest challenge is the sexual proposition they get in a guise of help from men.
Deborah said when she was looking for funds to start her business; she got propositioned by men who wanted her to engage in sexual affairs.
"If the person I am seeking help from is a man, he wants me to have sex with him. That is a big challenge in Tanzania. If you don't want him, you will lose everything. If you say yes, you will be okay, but you will be his slave forever," she said; adding that "It doesn't matter if you are married or single or you are a grandmother. When they want you, they will do everything to get you".
In spite of this, women persevere. They are willing to face whatever challenges to secure the future of their children.
However, Khadija says while it is good news that women are increasingly becoming empowered and taking financial responsibility within their families, it is equally a challenge.
"There are women who work in the office but do not have control on how their salary is spent. They have to give their salary to their husbands at the end of the month."
"The same goes for those in the rural areas, during the farming period, the women and men do together. They farm, cultivate and harvest the crop together. But when it is the time of sales, they leave the selling to the women and wait at home to collect and lord over the money -stating what and how the money will be shared," she said.
To empower women in Mwanza, every first day of the year, Khadija organises 'women roundtable', a forum that "brings women of different profession around Mwanza together to learn from each other".
"The network is important for women because it helps them to connect with each other and share ideas on solutions to the problem. We use one woman to be an ambassador to another," she said. "At the women roundtable, we gather women from different profession so that they can learn from each other."
In its first year [2016], the programme attracted only 12 participants. In the following year, 150 women participated in the women round table. Khadija says the group is looking forward to organising a forum for men in the future "to know their responsibility because women are taking over men's responsibility as the provider."
But the problem is rural women rarely get to enjoy such economic empowerment programmes.
Abdul Kilaka says "Most of the women empowerment campaigns and programmes are done in the urban areas. Organisations advocating about women empowerment should also go to the rural areas."
He also urged the government to raise more awareness about women rights and empowerment in rural areas. "The Community Development Officers should be mostly employed in the rural areas where they can address issues concerning women empowerment and not in urban centres," he said.
In spite of these challenges, Abdul Kilaka says there is a bright future for women in Mwanza, especially those in urban areas. "In the city, you will find that the number of girl enrolment in schools has increased and there are now more women-focused and led NGOSs and CBOs".
But for women in the rural areas, he said, "more work needs to be done."
This story was reported with the support of an African Great Lakes Fellowship from the International Women's Media Foundation.
Oluwabusayo Sotunde
Oluwabusayo Sotunde is an independent Nigerian journalist and Managing Editor at RuralReporters.com. A graduate of Nigerian Institute of Journalism, Oluwabusayo reports on business, agriculture, entrepreneurship, reproductive health, migration and other… Read More.
Rural Reporters
Forced to Be a House Girl: The Fight to Free Tanzania's Child Slaves The Paradox of Youth Employment in Tanzania In Tanzania, unemployed youths turn to agriculture See All


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http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/ComicBook/FallenAngels2019
Comic Book / Fallen Angels (2019)
Create New - Create New - Analysis Characters FanficRecs FanWorks Haiku Headscratchers ImageLinks Laconic PlayingWith Quotes Recap ReferencedBy Synopsis Timeline Trivia WMG
"You are not dreaming, Psylocke. Listen. These are the most important words you will ever hear. Your enemy is named Apoth. You must kill a god. Do not ask my name! When Abraham heard the voice of truth, he did not ask. He listened. He placed his child on the slab. He raised the knife. I am truth. And you are not dreaming. You'll wither here, Psylocke. In the bosom of Xavier's peace. Take up this war."
— Fallen Angels #1
Fallen Angels is a 2019 comic book series, starring Kwannon (formerly known as Revanche) as the new Psylocke, alongside X-23, Kid Cable, Husk and Bling. The series is part of the Dawn of X relaunch, and is written by Bryan Hill (Detective Comics (Rebirth)) and drawn by Szymon Kudranski (The Punisher).
Psylocke finds herself in a new world of mutantkind, not sure of her place in it. When someone from her past is murdered, she joins two other individuals with a similar outlook to help her on a quest for Revenge, a quest that could jeopardize all of mutantkind!
Not all belong in paradise. Some become fallen angels.
Fallen Angels provides the following tropes:
Anti-Hero Team: We have a ninja assassin who once served the Hand, a Tyke Bomb born and raised to be a killer, and a deadly mercenary who grew up in a Bad Future. These are the heroes of the story.
And I Must Scream: Kwannon reveals that all the time Betsy was using her body, she was still there and conscious the entire time.
Ascended Extra: Kwannon was always a very minor character in the X-Men mythos, as she hasn't even appeared in 40 issues since her 1993 debut.note The Marvel Database counts 26 appearances alive or in flashback, plus a handful for her dead body. Her body was well-known (as Betsy's) for the longest time, but she herself was not. Now, as the new Psylocke, Kwannon receives a massive upgrade in prominence, starting with the fact that she's the main character of her own comic series (which never would've happened before).
Blood Knight: While Kwannon's investigation into her nightmares starts the mission, it's the trio's fatigue with a peaceful paradise and a need for conflict that led to the team's formation.
Boobs-and-Butt Pose: Not for nothing is this known as the "Psylocke pose", as the cover of the first issue has her doing it; albeit in a little more realistic and natural compared to Betsy's abnormal spine-bending version.
Butterfly of Death and Rebirth: Among the many things Kwannon inherits from Betsy is a butterfly motif. She discusses the symbolism in the second issue, representing how she is changing as a person. Although literal rebirth is not involved, Kwannon very obviously views the events of Dawn of X as a second chance at life.
By "No", I Mean "Yes": As of the first issue, you have to obtain Magneto's permission before leaving the island. While he is disinclined to grant it, he may provide some ideas about how to get around that.
Character Shilling: Kwannon has been hit particularly hard with accusations of this, as she's being put forward as a mentor figured for the already considerably badass X-23 and Cable. While this iteration of Nathan is still effectively a child, he's nonetheless a hardened combat veteran, while Laura is a grown woman who is just as experienced as Kwannon (allowing for the time Kwannon has spent either dead or trapped in in her own mind while Betsy was driving her body). Kwannon's dialogue comes across as patronizing at best, with both characters' extensive skills and experiences being subsumed to prop up Kwannon. This has not sit well with fans of either character.
Child of Forbidden Love: It turns out Kwannon has a secret daughter. Back when she was in training as a Hand assassin, she was with a boy and got pregnant. This was forbidden by the Hand and they executed the boy and took her daughter away as a hostage.
Fantastic Drug: The arc is set up with some worldbuilding over a new drug on the market in the form of an electronic device that directly interfaces with the brain to do alter consciousness. This is noted to make overdose impossible, since chemicals aren't involved, but still runs the risk of directly inducing psychological damage.
Guys Smash, Girls Shoot: Inverted. The two girls have melee-oriented power sets, while the one guy is a cyborg gunman who mostly settles his problems at a distance.
Hotter and Sexier: We once again have a Psylocke with the ninja bathing suit design, thong and all. Before, when Betsy returned to her original body, Psylocke had been heavily desexualized. Even before then, the sex appeal was played down, as she traded the thong for leggings. Either way, this is a definite step up in sexiness.
Legacy Character: Kwannon is the new Psylocke, following Betsy Braddock moving to the Captain Britain identity and leading Excalibur. It's rather fitting, since her body was Psylocke for a long time, and is far and away the most famous version of it.
Line in the Sand: In issue 5, X-23 is training Bling!, Husk, and Cable for the looming fight with Apoth. She pops a foot claw, draws one of these, and challenges them to try to land a hit on her. She takes them all on at once. They don't.
No Place for Me There: The initial team members Kwannon, Laura and Cable have all fought for mutantkind, but find themselves uneasy living peacefully in the sanctuary of Krakoa and thus take the first clue they can to get away and keep fighting for other causes.
Recycled Title: Fallen Angels was the title of a very different 1987 comic series featuring Sunspot, Warlock, and Boom Boom, of which this series has no connection to.
Retcon: Two major ones for Kwannon:
The first, is that while past stories clearly established that Kwannon's consciousness was dead while Betsy was inhabiting her body, Fallen Angels instead states that she was aware and trapped the entire time.
The butterfly motif was originally entirely Betsy's, originating in her original body and before she and Kwannon were swapped. At no point was it ever associated with Kwannon. Fallen Angels reverses this and reveals that butterflies were significant to her as well, under the premise that Kwannon takes it as a sign she and Betsy were always destined to be linked with one another.
Ship Sinking: The announcement of X-23 and the new Teen Cable being on a book together started more than a few comments about the daughter of Wolverine and son of Cyclops hooking up, which was further fueled by their interactions in issue 1. However Bryan Hill stated in no uncertain terms that such a thing would not be happening, and he had no qualms against giving that sort of spoiler.
Franchise/X-Men
First X-Men
Excalibur (2019)
Marvel Comics Series
X-Force (2019)
ComicBook/Dawn of X
Faith (Valiant Comics)
Comic Books of the 2010s
Fall of The Hulks
ComicBook/Marvel: A Fresh Start

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In "Batman: Death Of Innocents", the Dark Knight takes on the tragic horror of landmines and finds himself in the unusual position of being relatively helpless against the scale of the problem himself. That scale is highlighted in the forward by Senator ('real-life', not DC Universe) Patrick Leahy and the afterword articles by (again, from 'our' world) Col. David H. Hackworth [US Army], Jody Williams [Vietnam Veterans Of America Foundation, International Campaign To Ban Landmines] and Jerry White [Co-Director, Landmine Survivors Network], which give background information on the tens of millions of landmines deployed around the world, often active for decades after their war is over, and killing or maiming many, many more non-combatants (Very often children) than whatever enemy the side that laid them in the first place intended them for use against (unless, of course, their intended target Was the civilian populace, which has been the case with both terrorist organizations and government dictatorships), and the tens of thousands total (soldiers, civilians, aid workers, anyone or anything you can think of) killed every year. I should point out that the comic itself does not take a stand as 'for' or 'against' the justifications or morality of any given war, using instead the fictitious country of Kravia as the main ground for the story; it instead focuses on the horrendously indiscriminate killing of landmines against anything that moves, and that, as Col. Hackworth notes, "can't tell a tank from a tricycle".


As mentioned in the podcast for today, the Mustache Rangers would like your help to spread their words. Today, you can do three things. Tell 5 people about the Mustache Rangers. Digg the Mustache Rangers. Leave positive feedback for the Mustache Rangers on iTunes.
It's that easy. Do all or one of them, but don't you dare do none. Now, enjoy this week's episode!


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SER101: Introduction to Social Welfare (Martin): APA
Developed by the American Psychological Association, this style is widely used in the sciences and social sciences.
Each citation consists of two parts: the in text citation, which provides brief identifying information within the text, and the reference list (list of sources used) which provides full bibliographic information. APA Style gives prominence to the date of a publication. In-text citations use the author's last name and the date, separated by a comma, as a brief reference in the text of the article to refer the reader to complete information in the reference list.
For help with this or any other writing questions, please visit your local campus Writing Center.
Formatting In Text Citations
(Austin, 1998)
If the author's name is mentioned in the narrative, then only the date need be given:
Austin (1998) compared institutional support
Two authors. Always use both names every time they are referred to in the text. Use the ampersand (&) to connect the names in the parentheses, but spell out "and" in the running text.
(Parker & Mokhesi-Parker, 1998)
Parker and Mokhesi-Parker (1998) in examining institutional design and function …
Three to five authors. Cite all the authors in text the first time a reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al.
First reference:
(Parker, Mokhesi-Parker, AuthorC, AuthorD & AuthorE, 1998)
Subsequent references:
(Parker et al.)
Six or more authors. Cite in text only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year for the first and subsequent citations.
(Parker et al., 1998)
Group or corporate authors. Use the name of the body in the citation:
(World Bank, 1998)
Unknown author. Use the first few words of the title as the reference in the text:
("Structuring lawmaking", 2002)
Author is listed as "Anonymous". Use it as if it were the author's name.
(Anonymous, 2003)
When paraphrasing, APA style does not require page numbers in the in-text citation. However, authors are encouraged to include page numbers if it will help the reader locate the relevant information in longer texts. Consult with your professor regarding the need for page numbers for paraphrased information.
If the reference is to an exact quotation, the author, year and page number must be included. The page number can be given in parentheses at the end of the exact quotation or incorporated into the in-text citation.
Newman (1994) concluded "sibling conflict is so common that its occurence is taken for granted" (p. 123).
Such findings have prompted one researcher to conclude, "Sibling conflict is so common that its occurrence is taken for granted" (Newman, 1994, p. 123).
For exact quotations from sources without page numbers, use paragraph numbers, if available. If the paragraphs are not numbered, but there are headings, use the heading name and count the number of paragraphs after the heading to the paragraph containing the quotation. In some cases page numbers, paragraphs, and headings do not exist. In this case, omit the location of the reference altogether. (Publication Manual, sec. 3.39, p. 120)
(Smith, 2003, para. 1) or (Smith, 2003, ¶ 1)
(Greene, 2003, Discussion, ¶ 4)
For citations taken from secondary sources, include the secondary source in the reference list and mention the original work in the text.
Text citation:
Goldman and Goldman's study (as cited in Linebarger, 2001) found ....
Linebarger, D. L. (2001). Learning to read from television: The effects of using captions and narration. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(2), 288-298.
Formatting a Reference List
Note: With all citations, regardless of format, the first line is flush to the left margin and all subsequent lines are indented one half inch (approximately 5 spaces).
Basic Format
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.
Single author
Austin, J. H. (1998). Zen and the brain: Toward an understanding of meditation
and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Multiple authors
Parker, P., & Mokhesi-Parker, J. (1998). In the shadow of Sharpeville: Apartheid
and criminal justice. New York: New York University Press.
Ickes, W. (Ed.). (1998). Empathic accuracy. New York: Guilford Press.
Group or corporate author
World Bank. (1998). Slovak Republic: A strategy for growth and European
integration.Washington, D.C.: Author.
Note: when the author and publisher are the same, use the word "Author" as the publisher.
Chapter or essay in book
Herrmann, R. K. (2002). Linking theory to evidence in international relations. In
W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse, & B. A. Simmons (Eds.), Handbook of
International Relations (pp. 119-136). London: SAGE.
Article from a reference book
Campbell, H. (2002). Pan-Africanism. In Krieger, J. (Ed.), The Oxford companion
to politics of the world (pp. 631-633). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Note: if there is no author, place the title in the author position.
OWL at Purdue states:
"When referencing a print article obtained from an online database (such as a database in the library), provide appropriate print citation information (formatted just like a "normal" print citation would be for that type of work). By providing this information, you allow people to retrieve the print version if they do not have access to the database from which you retrieved the article. You can also include the item number or accession number or database URL at the end, but the APA manual says that this is not required.
If you are citing an article from a database that is available in other places, such as a journal or magazine, include the homepage's URL. You may have to do a web search of the article's title, author, etc. to find the URL." (Article From a Database)
Article in a journal (one author)
Blass, E. M. (1997). Interactions between contact and chemosensory mechanisms in pain
modulation in 10-day-old rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 111, 147-154.
Article in a journal (multiple authors)
Gagne, P., Tewksbury, R., & McGaughey, D. (1997). Coming out and crossing over:
Identity formation and proclamation in a transgender community. Gender and Society,
11, 478-508.
Article in a popular magazine
Henry, W. A., III (1990, April 9) Beyond the melting pot. Time, 135, 28-31.
Article in a newspaper
Young, J. (2003, February 14). Prozac campus: more students seek counseling and take
psychiatric medication. The Chronicle of Higher Education, pp. A37-38.
Article from a full-text database
Hicks, J. E., Jones, J. F. Renner, J. H., & Schmaling, K. (1995). Chronic fatigue
syndrome: strategies that work. Patient Care, 29(10), 55.
Article from an e-journal collection
Hamilton, C. (1992). A way of seeing: culture as political expression in the works of
C.L.R. James. Journal of Black Studies, 22 (3), 429-443.
Article from a free web e-journal
Yu, D. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002, May 8). Preventing Depressive symptoms in
Chinese children. Prevention & Treatment, 5, Article 9.
Retrieved from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume5/ pre0050009a.html
Music Score No example given in APA Publication Manual for music score.
Writer, A. (Date of Copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist if different from writer]. On
Title of album [medium of recording: CD, record, cassette, etc], Location: Label.
(Recording date if different from copyright date)
Bevan, T., Fellner, E., Cavendish, J. (Producers), & Dryburgh, S. (Director). (2001). Bridget
Jones's diary [Motion Picture]. United States: Miramax Home Entertainment.
Producer, A. (Executive Producer). (Year, date of broadcast). Title of broadcast [Television
broadcast]. Place: Broadcasting Service.
Web/Online
Note: Different web browsers break the text in different places of a URL. The URL should begin on the same line as the rest of the citation information, with a break inserted after a slash, if needed.
The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press (2002, December 4). What the
world thinks in 2002. Retrieved February 26, 2003, from http://people-press.org/reports/
display.php3?ReportID=165.
Yu, D. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002, May 8). Preventing Depressive symptoms in Chinese
children. Prevention & Treatment, 5, Article 9. Retrieved May 6, 2003, from
http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume5/ pre0050009a.html
Hicks, J. E., Jones, J. F. Renner, J. H., & Schmaling, K. (1995). Chronic fatigue syndrome:
strategies that work. Patient Care, 29(10), 55. Retrieved March 17, 2002, from InfoTrac
Web Expanded Academic ASAP database.
Hamilton, C. (1992). A way of seeing: culture as political expression in the works of C.L.R.
James. Journal of Black Studies, 22 (3), 429-443. Retrieved February 26, 2003 from
JSTOR database.
See Citing Government Documents [automated fill-in form from Arizona State University Library]
APA Style Manual
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by American Psychological Association Staff
The official style manual from the American Psychological Association.
Rules for Writers with Writing about Literature (Tabbed Version) by Diana Hacker; Nancy Sommers
Offers valuable information for citing sources in APA and MLA style formats.
DOI vs. URL ??????
APA citation format calls for providing a web site URL (uniform resource locator) in order for the reader to easily and consistently locate web content cited.
Journal articles provide a different kind of "locator," called a digital object identifier (DOI); a permanent address, so to speak. The American Psychological Association describes a digital object identifier as "a unique string of letters, numbers, and symbols assigned to a published work to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet.
The DOI is typically located on the first page of an electronic document near the copyright notice and on the database landing page for the document. When DOIs are available, include them in the reference information. Specifically, place the DOI at the end of the reference, and don't add a period at the end of it." Here's an example:
Author, A. (year). Title of article. Journal Title, X, xxx–xxx. doi:xxxxxx
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Police officers have exposed criminal group which helped foreigners to receive citizenship of Ukraine for money. For the services malefactors asked from 5 to 10 thousand dollars of the USA. Have reported about it in the press service of GUNP.
to Troy of participants of group have been detained by employees of police special troops in a framework of complex quickly-profilaktichesky working off of the Odessa region. Employees oblupravleniya on fight against the crimes connected with human trafficking, workers of GUNP and prosecutor's office also participated in operation.
Malefactors looked for women who independently bring up children, and offered favorable cooperation. For 300-500 dollars of the USA mothers made changes to certificates on the birth of children, specifying by fathers of foreigners. It allowed the last to legalize the stay in Ukraine. Some women entered about fictitious marriages with foreigners.
nine facts of illegal legalization of foreigners in the territory of our state. These actions qualified by part 2 of Art. 332 of UK of Ukraine - "an illegal transportation of persons through the state border of Ukraine".
the Sanction of this article provides punishment in the form of imprisonment for the term from 5 to 7 years.


As longe as whanne Almena lay by Jove?
FORTUNE, 1343, etc.; wheel of, 935, etc.
FRAILLESS, in the original frayllesse. The line may signify, "glass (hard as it is) is brittle (and breaks), but youth, even less frail, is frail too." 1850.
LIVELY THREAD, an allusion to the three Fates, 501. See SISTERS THREE.
SEECH, seek, 2834. "His wits to seech," his wits wanting.


text:
Weirdguy – Ramblings by Katie and Sam
Katie's CV
Sam's Resume
30 Day Challange, Uncategorized
30 day challenge. Tech photos are done
August 7, 2014 sam	Leave a comment
So I finished my first 30 day challenge which was tech photos I'm not a photographer by any means but it was cool to see about how I looked at various examples of technology in my life. It really is all around us all the time and for better or worse it is here to stay. I do appreciate technology even if it does annoy me a lot of the time. It makes me wonder why I choose to work in a tech field repairing it all day.
It was a fun experience although sometimes a bit of a pain to force myself to do it. I hear so often about people doing these to try and jump start weight loss or life goals but for me it was much more about can I just do it and can I learn something new from it.
I will now seek out future 30 day challenges. Probably something involving cleaning the garage.
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Garage door springs hold the weight of the door for a smooth operation and are made to last long. Though they can last longer than other parts, they eventually wear out and need to be replaced as the door cannot operate without them. The broken garage springs replacement can only be done by a profession as they can sprout out and cause accidents.
Garage springs can be repaired to serve longer and also save the garage owner the cost of replacing them. Springs can be damaged when the door is not properly installed causing tension to one of the spring. In our company, we will be able to access the extent of the damage and offer the most appropriate solution to deal with broken springs.
When subjected to more tension the springs can be damaged beyond repair and the only solution left is to replace them. Our technicians are equipped with both knowledge and tools to replace the springs without damaging the door, walls and other fixtures. We advise our clients to replace the pair of the springs even when it is only one spring that is damaged. This is a safety measure as when one spring is damaged; the other is subjected to more tension thus making it weak.
Garage door springs need regular maintenance as they are directly affected by the door weight when opening, shutting or at a stationary state. The springs need oiling for a smooth operation and also to reduce friction. Our technicians will advise on maintenance services and the frequency to administer for a smooth door operation.
In our company, we will be able to repair, maintain or replace your garage door springs. Our technicians are conversant with the torsion springs, roll-up door springs as well as garage door extension springs. We have experience in all garage door springs and are well aware of the dangers they can expose you to if not properly installed, repaired and maintained.


We have a shortage of qualified healthcare professionals in the United States, but the process of obtaining permanent resident status (green card) is nonetheless complex and challenging, particularly for allied healthcare workers such as physical therapists, dentists, speech pathologists, nurses, and physicians. For most, the first step will be to secure an H-1B visa, which authorizes a foreign-born healthcare professional to work in the U.S. Once in the country, the healthcare professional can then apply for permanent residency.
We will discuss this process in more detail below, but we also welcome you to contact our offices at any time to arrange a consultation with one of our qualified Columbus immigration attorneys. We have decades of experience delivering quality legal counsel to healthcare professionals of all kinds as they fulfill their goals of living and working in the United States.
To discuss your goals and needs, call (800) 625-3404 or contact us online.
The nurse passed the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses.
The nurse received a certificate from the Commission on Graduates in Foreign Nursing Schools.
The nurse has an unrestricted license from the state in which he or she will be employed.
Physical therapists may qualify for H-1B visa status to work in the U.S. even without state licensure. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) may allow a foreign-born physical therapist to come to the U.S. on an H-1B visa for a one-year term in order to obtain a license in the state in which they are to be employed.
Since 2005, an expedited green card process has been available for physical therapists, nurses, and other qualified allied healthcare professionals. Employers may file immigrant petitions on behalf of such professionals under Schedule A, which bypasses the majority of labor certification (PERM) processes.
To find out if you may qualify and how to move forward with an H-1B application and/or permanent residency, we recommend talking to one of our skilled lawyers at The Law Firm of Shihab & Associates. We can talk to you about your short-term and long-term immigration goals to chart out a plan of action that works for you.
Call (800) 625-3404 today to get started. In addition to our headquarters in Columbus, Ohio, we have offices in Columbus Ohio, Cleveland Ohio, Southfield Michigan and Washington, D.C.


The price of Brent oil has increased 2.7% to $77.28pb, underpinned by supply disruptions in Iran and Venezuela. This is 8% above the 2018 average ($71pb) and is dollar accretive to Nigeria.
President Buhari has withheld his assent to the Petroleum Industry Governance Bill (PIGB). The 10-year delay in enacting the legislation has led to chronic underinvestment in the petroleum sector. The sharp fall in the petroleum sector's Q2 GDP growth to -3.95% from 14.77% in the previous quarter is evidence of the need to expedite sector reform.


THE EXPEDITER 108 4 Leaf, 1625#; A=3.25", B=25.13"
4 Leaf, 1625#; A=3.25", B=25.13"
Great shipping. Ordered multiple parts that said they were all available then a few days later got money back for one part. Claimed they were out of stock. Looked online again and said it was still available. Got money back right away though so all in all very satisfied!


text:
Palisade Nunatak () is a substantial rock nunatak just north of Rohss Bay and 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) southeast of Hidden Lake on James Ross Island. Mapped from surveys by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) (1960–61). This distinctive ridge-backed nunatak with vertical columnar structure is the largest outcrop of hard intrusive rock on James Ross Island. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for its resemblance to a palisade.

Nunataks of Graham Land
Landforms of James Ross Island

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Over the years, we've loved sharing Napa Valley hot spots with our loyal followers. These popular "live like a local" posts have featured everything from hiking trails, to best breakfasts, to blow out dinners, and many in between. Now we're thrilled to bring you our favorite haunts in our favorite cities around the country. Each city has its own treasure trove of extraordinary restaurants, bars, tours, and hot spots, and we've asked our Round Pond friends and family to share their insider tips and local trending venues. Our last feature of this kind - Live Like a Local: San Francisco - was wildly popular, and we hope that you can put our newest list to good use and enjoy living like a local....in Chicago.
Don't forget to tell them Round Pond sent you!
RPM Italian is modern in style, but Italian in spirit and features a chef-driven menu of celebrated Italian classics with an elevated twist. Its sister restaurant, RPM Steak is a modern take on the traditional steakhouse. Both eateries are hugely popular with fantastic food choices, a well-curated craft cocktail program, and an award-winning wine list. Make sure you make reservations because it is not easy to find a free table. The Lobster Burrata is not to be missed! Whether its lunch, dinner, late night cocktails, or weekend brunch, at Siena Tavern you can expect to taste the same "from-scratch" Italian cooking in their delicious pastas, pizzas, mozzarellas, gelato and everything between.This polished and energetic restaurant's décor reflects a hybrid of a rustic Italian market, a fine dining restaurant and a modern, industrial tavern, combining old world comfort and hospitality with contemporary design.
Three Dots and a Dash is a cocktail focused tiki lounge that is unique to current day Chicago. The menu features a craft approach to both classic and modern tiki cocktails with fresh juices and syrups made in house daily and a selection of over 150 distinctive rums. The name Three Dots and a Dash is Morse Code for "V" standing for Victory. This code was used at the end of World War II when the soldiers were heading home. The wait can get crazy, so make a reservation if possible. Don't worry about the drink prices, because they make them strong, you will only need one! 9 Muses' hospitality is a nod to the Mediterranean way of life, which includes the use of the finest ingredients and exceptional service with great food in a relaxed environment. In the afternoon, hang and talk with your friends whilst drinking your frappe SLOWLY, allowing the foam time to revert back into coffee. It's the perfect bar scene to start or end the night in. If you can make it out of bed the next day, come here for lunch or early dinner, and make sure you try the Toast (ask for it Greek-Style, with just ham & cheese).
Fat Rice serves up unique Asian-fusion cuisine from Macau influenced by the legacy of Portuguese decolonization. This combination of cross-culture food results in an inspired menu of hand-rolled rice noodles, Macau's signature arroz gordo (for which the restaurant is named), and linguiça sausage that will make your meal here unforgettable. Pegasus is a great place for traditional Greek food in a comfortable setting. Large groups are always welcome, and their large "mezé" (Greek tapas) menu makes sharing the small dishes easy. In the summertime, mezé on the Veranda is the way to go with the fantastic view of the Chicago skyline right in front of you.
Japanese cuisine, using prime cuts of steak, seafood, and vegetables, plus sushi. A vibrant bar scene and the sleek dining space provides a stunning backdrop to the centrally located robata grill which is the heart of the visual/dining experience.
Topo Giogio is popular standout in historic Old Town Chicago that features a modern Tuscan-Style approach to Italian Cooking with an aesthetic feel straight out of the Sinatra era. This spot is especially popular in summer when the lively patio seating provides ample people-watching. Smoque (smōk) BBQcooks up slow-smoked regional southern-style BBQ good enough to make it a true destination. Slinging ribs, brisket, pulled pork, and more in a basic space with community tables, Smoque is a local favorite whose delicious BBQ aromas literally pull patrons through the door. This spot is BYOB, so bring along your favorite beer or wine that will make your BBQ bliss complete.
The downstairs bar at Tavern On Rush boasts large windows overlooking the panoramic view of lively Rush Street, great for people watching.Tavern's outdoor patio cafe is "the" place to see and be seen when you are looking for al fresco dining in downtown Chicago. Unfortunately, reservations are not accepted for patio seating so get there early! Castaways is located on the upstairs level of a boathouse on North Avenue Beach, and is affectionately known to locals as "Casty's. The downstairs concession stands serve hot dogs, hamburgers and ice cream, but the rooftop is a restaurant and bar with a full line-up of beer, wine, and beachy cocktails. Weekends bring live music, including rock, retro and contemporary bands. It should come as no surprise that beachwear is welcome, so hit the beach, grab and drink, and chill out.
square – a lively, spectacular gathering spot located in the heart of the city. Discover a state-of-the-art collection of architecture, landscape design and art that provide the backdrop for hundreds of free cultural programs including live summer concerts, exhibitions, tours, and family activities.
What other Chicago activities and places are on your list? Let us know in the comment section!


text:
layout: post
category: Python
tags: Python库
title: 基于HTTP的文件传输 Python
---
因为需要最近看了一下通过POST请求传输文件的内容 并且自己写了Server和Client实现了一个简单的机遇HTTP的文件传输工具
# Server: #

	#coding=utf-8
	from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
	import cgi

	class   PostHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

	    def do_POST(self):
	        form = cgi.FieldStorage(
	            fp=self.rfile,
	            headers=self.headers,
	            environ={'REQUEST_METHOD':'POST',
	                     'CONTENT_TYPE':self.headers['Content-Type'],
	                     }
	        )

	        self.send_response(200)
	        self.end_headers()
	        self.wfile.write('Client: %sn ' % str(self.client_address) )
	        self.wfile.write('User-agent: %sn' % str(self.headers['user-agent']))
	        self.wfile.write('Path: %sn'%self.path)
	        self.wfile.write('Form data:n')

	        for field in form.keys():
	            field_item = form[field]
	            filename = field_item.filename
	            filevalue  = field_item.value
	            filesize = len(filevalue)#文件大小(字节)
	            print len(filevalue)
	            with open(filename.decode('utf-8')+'a','wb') as f:
	                f.write(filevalue)

	        return

	if __name__=='__main__':
	    from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer
	    sever = HTTPServer(('localhost',8080),PostHandler)
	    print 'Starting server, use <Ctrl-C> to stop'
	    sever.serve_forever()

# Client: #

	#coding=utf-8
	import requests

	url = 'http://localhost:8080'
	path = u'D:快盘阿狸头像.jpg'
	print path
	files = {'file': open(path, 'rb')}
	r = requests.post(url, files=files)
	print r.url,r.text

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Nonmilitary means of achieving military and strategic goals have grown and, in many cases, exceeded the power of weapons in their effectiveness… The information space opens wide asymmetrical possibilities for reducing the fighting potential of the enemy… It is necessary to perfect activities in the information space, including the defense of our own objects.
Gerasimov called for asymmetrical action that combines Special Forces and information warfare to create "a permanently operating front through the entire territory of the enemy state." This is exactly what unfolded in Crimea.
Long-distance, contactless actions against the enemy are becoming the main means of achieving combat and operational goals. The defeat of the enemy's objects is conducted throughout the entire depth of his territory. The differences between strategic, operational, and tactical levels, as well as between offensive and defensive operations, are being erased.
1. Destruction of the enemy's command and control centers and electronic warfare against its information and telecommunications systems.
2. Electronic intelligence to intercept and decipher information flows transmitted via communications channels.
3. Hacking into the enemy's information resources to steal, distort, or destroy the normal operations of these systems.
4. Psychological warfare to disseminate disinformation or tendentious information for influencing the opinions, intentions, and orientation of society and decision makers.
Russian Military Doctrine, published in Spring 2010, stressed the importance of information warfare during the initial phase of conflict, directed against enemy troops and populations. If the information dimension fails, the Russian military can resort to kinetic options.
In the 2008 invasion of Georgia, the first target for the Russian air force was the Harris Corporation military communication system co-located at the forward command base of the Georgian military. Georgia was quickly without the command and control of its forces and had to rely upon cell phones – that Russia easily intercepted. For Crimea, cell phone networks had already been disabled in Kiev at the outbreak of the Russia invasion and occupation of Ukraine to prevent communications among members of the government and to sow confusion. Today cyber attacks against Ukraine continue to be a constant feature with noted attacks on the electrical infrastructure of the country.
The use of the term "cyber war" is an unfortunate formulation because it stovepipes attention into a narrow spectrum of today's conflict. Rather it is better to understand Cyber Operations within the spectrum of low intensity conflict or unconventional warfare, more precisely part of Information Warfare or Active Measures.
Information technology has lowered the barrier between war and peace, creating an opportunity for the re-emergence and adaption of traditional Soviet Active Measure doctrine to today's cyber-information age. The Russian military has been developing an advanced information warfare doctrine since the mid-90's in combination with highly accurate military weapons and non-military means of influence to disorganize the targeted state administration.
The ultimate objective of this so-called hybrid warfare is to achieve complete information dominance over the opponent within the "battle space," which includes political/economic matters. It is designed to destroy state and societal institutions, create mass disorder, degrade the functioning of society and ultimately collapse the state. And most importantly, it seeks to achieve the most critical political and economic objectives without direct military contact with the opposing forces and without using high intensity armed combat – in which Russia cannot compete against Western military forces.
These principles have now been incorporated into Russia's whole government and private sector formulation of hybrid or non-linear warfare. It has information warfare as the centerpiece of strategy. It should not be surprising that criminal organizations play an important role in its operational execution.
As was demonstrated in Estonia in 2007 (cyber only), and in the 2008 Russo-Georgian war (cyber and military), cyber-attacks bring with them an implicit psychological impact. In 2006, Estonia experienced the debilitating effects that can occur with Botnet Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) cyber-attacks on banking and governmental networks.
Estonia suffered a 10-day attack on its Internet services, causing major disruption to its financial system. Estonia is commonly referred to as the world's most Internet-connected country and it was paralyzed. This attack, while orchestrated by the Kremlin, was executed by criminal cyber organizations, illustrating that criminal organizations must be viewed as a Russian cyber army in reserve. They can execute operations while Russia can deny its active involvement.
In a further twist, criminal hackers hijacked American identities and software tools, using them in an attack on Georgian government websites during the Russia-Georgia war in 2008, according to The Wall Street Journal. Furthermore, they changed common Microsoft Corp. software into a cyber-weapon and collaborated on popular U.S.-based social-networking sites, including Twitter and Facebook Inc., to coordinate assaults on Georgian sites. Additionally, identification and credit-card information stolen from Americans was used to register nine of these attack sites, while one site was established using information stolen from a French citizen.
In Estonia's case, the cyber-attacks were preceded by riots and a constant haranguing by Russian-language web forums criticizing Estonia for relocating the Unknown Soldier statue, a Russian icon. These websites incited "patriots" to protect Mother Russia from the "F–cking Estonian Fascists" and called for vengeance by destroying the e-government and business systems – one of Estonia's greatest achievements and an engine for its economic growth and efficiency. Messaging was used as the kindling to activate an army of hackavists to attack the Internet infrastructure with massive DDoS attacks.
As with all Russian military operations, and now combined arms hybrid strategy, Russian deception (maskarovka) operations contributed to Georgia's overconfidence in its government. This included the manipulation of Georgian intelligence sources in the Russian military in the run up to the KavKaz Russian military exercise in the North Caucasus. Disinformation on Russian readiness capabilities prepared the groundwork for perception management or reflexive control of Georgian decision-making. The intelligence reported that Russia did not have the readiness or will to invade. This was a successful ruse to lure Georgia into false confidence.
An important propaganda messaging campaign accompanied these conflicts: the target country and certain elements were labeled "fascist" in the Russia media for both internal and external perception purposes. The term has an extremely negative connotation within the Russian population after years of Soviet propaganda surrounding its victory over the Nazis in "The Great Patriotic War." It had a profound effect, providing Putin an effective means of bolstering domestic support for Russian covert cyber operations and political/military activities.
Ukraine's critical infrastructure suffered a series of assaults before Crimea was annexed.
Mobile phone and Internet connections were severely hampered by equipment installed immediately after the invasion by Russian Special Forces within Ukrtelecom networks in the Crimea region under control of Russia. Government websites were overwhelmed with DDoS attacks, social networks were corrupted, and Russian forces cut some of Ukraine's phone and Internet cables. One of the first set of military objectives for Russian "green men" was to capture Ukrainian telephonic switches and install special technical devices to take control of the cell networks.
Estonia, Georgia and Crimea/Ukraine all illustrate how cyber warfare is best understood within the continuum of low-intensity conflict, specifically, information operations (IO) and information warfare (IW). Cyber can lead the way in the run up to war and be an integral part an information and kinetic war.
These cyber-attacks were conducted covertly, with cutouts, cyber criminals who were used for mobilizing patriotic youth, or other criminal organizations. It is for this reason cyber-attacks should be considered as an "Active Measure" according to Russian intelligence doctrine.
While cyber operations clearly play a critical role, especially in initial phases of covert war, terror also plays a role during covert and overt phases of conflict, including cyber attacks.
I will only recall the last few key activities that the Russian Federation is engaged in, while constantly accusing Ukraine of violating Minsk agreements. It's the attempts to incite and provide media support for pseudo rallies on ethnic grounds; systemic spins of fake news, such as about the supply of missile engines to North Korea and detentions in Crimea and in occupied areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions of sabotage groups allegedly sent by the SBU.
Ukraine regularly experiences assassination and terrorist actions as the conflict continues in Eastern Ukraine. On December 19, 2014 members of the Ukrainian SBU arrested a suspected saboteur in central Kiev who, acting under instruction of her Russian superiors, had transported a powerful bomb from Luhansk under control of Russian-backed militants from the so-called "Luhansk People's Republic." She was picked up in Kiev's busy center right after she left a handbag with a bomb inside. It was St. Nicholas Day when the area would have been filled with families with young children.
In June 2017, a car bomb in the heart of Kiev shredded a black Mercedes being driven by senior intelligence leader, Col. Maksim Shapoval, chief of the Ukrainian military special-ops forces intelligence. This was merely the prelude to the main event: a massive, well-disciplined cyber-assault aimed to bring the Ukrainian state and society to a halt. A wide range of institutions including vast swaths of the private sector were targeted by cyber hacks, ransomware, and malware.
Russia continues to engage in global information and social media campaigns to shape international opinion around its invasion of Ukraine. It activated troll armies by recruiting and training a new cadre of online trolls that have been deployed to spread the Kremlin's message on the comments section of top American and Western websites and media centers to promote a number of false narratives .These include the idea that the people of the Crimea, in a free and fair elections nearly unanimously voted for succession from Ukraine. Another described the ouster of President Viktor Yanukovitch as a coup by fascists.
Foreign media are currently actively forming a negative image of the Russian Federation in the eyes of the global community. Additionally, the discussions formed by comments to those articles are also negative in tone. Like any brand formed by popular opinion, Russia has its supporters ('brand advocates') and its opponents. The main problem is that in the foreign Internet community, the ratio of supporters and opponents of Russia is about 20/80 respectively.
The timing and coordination of physical and cyber-attacks in Ukraine might have been a signal to the United States, which had embarrassed Russia in Syria. The United States had announced the day before the assassination of Shapoval and the cyber attacks that Syria was preparing a chemical-weapons attack, which American forces were prepared to disrupt.
Hackers proliferated Western networks and could be spotted amongst recent data breaches and website defacements. In conjunction with these activities were honeypot accounts – attractive-looking women or passionate political partisans – that appeared to be befriending certain audience members through social engineering. Above all, the FBI observed hecklers, synchronized trolling accounts that would attack political targets using similar talking points and follower patterns. These accounts included overtly Kremlin supported sites that promoted Russian foreign-policy positions. These activities targeted key English-speaking audiences throughout Europe and North America. From this pattern of activities, it was clearly a deliberate, well-organized, well-resourced, well-funded, wide-ranging effort commanded by Russia.
The New York Times reported in September 2017 that hundreds of fake Facebook accounts and pages bought $100,000 in political ads during the presidential campaign last year. These fake accounts and pages were connected to a Russian company called the Internet Research Agency, a company well known for using troll accounts to post Kremlin-approved messages on social media and post comments on news websites. One Russian newspaper put the number of employees at 400, with a budget of at least 20 million rubles (roughly $400,000) a month as reported by an earlier NYT story. The ads were not directly about a particular candidate but the hot button issues associated with them.
Russia has the strategy, the intellectual and scientific capital, the will and the organization to implement and carry out cyber and information warfare on a global scale. It does not have the global military capabilities of the Soviet past and knows it cannot match the United States in a toe-to-toe confrontation. Russian use of political and economic subversion has increasingly become its favored method of seeking to exert control and influence over foreign governments, increasing its political influence operations not only in Ukraine but also throughout Europe and the United States. It is a cheaper and less risky option to re-establish itself as a world power. Russia is a superpower in its neighborhood and has additional effective means with this doctrine to extend its influence and project its power.
The controversy that grips the American political system and public life today illustrates the effectiveness of Russian capabilities, the overriding goal of which is to weaken the target country. And the United States is the main adversary. Today, our institutions are under attack, our trust in government is challenged, and our allies are filled with doubt. The pressing challenge of the day is how the United States and its people will respond to this new form of warfare against the United States and its allies.
Paul M. Joyal is managing director of law enforcement and public safety practice at National Strategies (NSI).


text:
Schulich School of Business MBA fees
Tuition Fees & Costs August 28, 2021 – 11:36 am
Tuition fees for Schulich programs have been approved by York's Board of Governors to April 2017 and are based on the four year framework set by the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities in 2013.
Fees listed below do not include Student Health Plan fees. For details on these and other additional student fees, visit the York Student Financial Services website.
The average completion time for the full-time MBA program is four academic terms. The full-time accelerated MBA may be completed in as few as two terms.
Canadian Citizen, Landed Immigrant,
Visa/Study Permit
Cost Per Term*
$18, 538 (Full-Time)
$7, 415 (Part-Time) $23, 751
Estimated Total Tuition Fee**
$80, 000 (Part-Time) , 500
*Domestic tuition fees for 2017 and beyond have not been set. Approximate tuition based on a 5% increase per year on 2016-2017 tuition. Fees are subject to change.
**Total tuition fees are approximate and vary with start date and program length. Total tuition fees include an estimated $450 per term ancillary and student referenda fee. For supplementary fee information please refer to the student financial services website.
The IMBA is only offered full-time.
$18, 538
MBA in India
Tuition per term
Ancillary and student referenda fees per term
N/A $450
Year 1 Financial Aid
Total Tuition (per year)
$32, 502 $50, 902
MBA / JD
Students in the full-time MBA/JD program progress according to the following fee schedule:
Fee Schedule – 4 Year Program
Fees must be paid as follows:
Year 1 or 2: Schulich tuition
Year 1 or 2 : Osgoode Hall tuition
Year 3 Term 1 Schulich tuition
Year 3 Term 2 and Year 4 Osgoode Hall tuition
Terms 1 and 4: Schulich tuition
Terms 2 and 3 : Osgoode Hall tuition
Estimated tuition fees at Schulich
MBA/JD students pay three terms of full-time tuition to Schulich and three terms of full-time tuition to Osgoode Hall Law School. For details regarding Osgoode's tuition fees, please visit the Osgoode Hall Law School website.
MBA / MFA / MA
Students in the full-time MBA/MFA or MBA/MA pay three terms of full-time tuition to Schulich and three terms of full-time tuition to the Faculty of Graduate Studies. For details regarding tuition fees for the Faculty of Graduate Studies, click here.
Master of Real Estate and Infrastructure
The full-time Master of Real Estate and Infrastructure can be completed over three consecutive terms. The following reflects tuition fees for students entering the program in January 2017.
2017-2018 $17, 210.10 $22, 501.22
Graduate Diplomas
The Financial Engineering Diploma (Stand Alone) may be completed part-time over three consecutive terms. The following reflects tuition fees for students entering the program in Fall 2016.
Estimated tuition fees for GDFE students commencing their studies in Fall 2016.
Domestic Part-time
International Part-time
Tuition Fee per Term 2016/17
$7, 290.41 $9, 476.25
Supplementary Fees Per Term*
Estimated Total Program Fee**
$22, 556.01 $29, 113.53
Diploma in Intermediate Accounting
The Diploma in Intermediate Accounting may be completed full-time over two terms.
2017-2018 $9, 452 $17, 553
Students who complete the DIAc are eligible for advanced standing in the Master of Accounting, which can be completed in two additional terms.
Diploma in Advanced Accounting
Post MBA in Advanced Management
The Post MBA in Advanced Management may be completed on a full or part-time basis. For tuition refer to the tuition tables for the full or part-time MBA (above).
For information on PhD fees, please see York University's Graduate Student Fees table.
Living Expenses in Toronto1
Books/Course Materials
Rent (on campus)2
$5, 000
Health Insurance3
(UHIP + GSA coverage)
Approximate Cost Per Term
1This does not include any tuition fees.
2Off campus housing varies in price from $500-$1, 200 per month depending on the location and options. For on-campus accommodation, visit www.yorku.ca/studhouse
Source: schulich.yorku.ca
Explain how the value-creating benefits of online communities can contribute to effective customer retention programs for marketers. (Collective Articles for your MBA: eBusiness Technology Book 5)
eBooks (Kurt Grashaw)
Fox School of Business MBA
Tuck School of Business MBA
McCombs School of Business Majors
London School of Business Studies


text:
In a Nutshell Reviews
In a Nutshell Reviews are my version of mini-reviews, because sometimes, you just want the highlights.
Courtney Summers
Age/Genre: Young Adult, Contemporary, Mystery
Publisher: Wednesday Books
Sadie hasn't had an easy life. Growing up on her own, she's been raising her sister Mattie in an isolated small town, trying her best to provide a normal life and keep their heads above water.
But when Mattie is found dead, Sadie's entire world crumbles. After a somewhat botched police investigation, Sadie is determined to bring her sister's killer to justice and hits the road following a few meagre clues to find him.
When West McCray—a radio personality working on a segment about small, forgotten towns in America—overhears Sadie's story at a local gas station, he becomes obsessed with finding the missing girl. He starts his own podcast as he tracks Sadie's journey, trying to figure out what happened, hoping to find her before it's too late.
I always like to throw back to my days as a high school teacher, and do the "three adjectives you would use to describe" thing. For this book: Sad, dark, and grim. Despite the fact that this is WAY outside of my comfort zone, I could not stop flipping the pages. I needed to find out what happened to The Girls, and Summers did a magnificent job telling their story.
Pro: Summers masterfully crafted the character of Sadie. I didn't really like her, but I felt so much for her. Here was a young woman, who lost her childhood due to abuse and an absent parent, but she was still able to find love in her heart, and pretty much gave it all to her sister. She was layers upon layers of complicated, and it was amazing the way Summers slowly peeled them away.
Pro: The format of this story was brilliant. It alternated between Sadie's first person narration and transcripts of The Girls podcast. It wasn't only the fact that the format was interesting, it was also used so well. We saw things first through Sadie's eyes, and then got a whole new perspective via the podcast, which sometimes added more clarity or more confusion about the events leading up to Sadie's disappearance.
Pro: This book incorporated several topics, including addiction, sexual abuse, and poverty. Summers did not tiptoe around the topics, nor did not shy away from the ugly parts of it all. She painted a heartbreaking portrait, and I appreciated her approach, because it felt real and left me with a lot to think about.
Con: Although I felt it fit the whole tone and feel of the book, I would have liked a little more from the ending.
Pro: One character I did really enjoy was West McCray. I loved his voice and the humanity he showed as he searched for Sadie. There were a lot of shady people in this story, and having him around kept a little light in the story for me.
Pro: The writing really stood out for me, as far as this book goes. In addition to well crafted characters and a fabulous format, Summers deftly created mood and tension. She had my emotions right where she wanted them at every point in this book.
Pro: It was incredible how invested I was in this story. I wanted justice, I wanted revenge, I wanted Sadie to be found, and my emotions rose and fell with each victory and defeat along the way.
Overall: Sadie was not an easy read, but it was powerful, heart wrenching, and painful in the best way.
**The publisher created a podcast for the book, which I think is pretty amazing.
In the space between West's podcast episodes is Sadie's truth--and he has to find her so she can tell it. Did you catch part 4 of THE GIRLS today?
That last line--I can't wait for next week.
Subscribe on your podcast platform of choice! More info here: https://t.co/XTw4LqGFB4 pic.twitter.com/8hBW9dMlcL
— courtney summers (@courtney_s) August 23, 2018
The Opposite of Innocent
Sonya Sones
Age/Genre: Young Adult, Contemporary
Poignant and chilling by turns, The Opposite of Innocent is award-winning author Sonya Sones's most gripping novel in verse yet. It's the story of a girl named Lily, who's been crushing on a man named Luke, a friend of her parents, ever since she can remember.
Luke has been away for two endless years, but he's finally returning today. Lily was only twelve when he left. But now, at fourteen, she feels transformed. She can't wait to see how Luke will react when he sees the new her. And when her mother tells her that Luke will be staying with them for a while, in the bedroom right next to hers, her heart nearly stops.
Having Luke back is better than Lily could have ever dreamed. His lingering looks set Lily on fire. Is she just imagining them? But then, when they're alone, he kisses her. Then he kisses her again. Lily's friends think anyone his age who wants to be with a fourteen-year-old must be really messed up. Maybe even dangerous. But Luke would never do anything to hurt her...would he?
In this powerful tale of a terrifying leap into young adulthood, readers will accompany Lily on her harrowing journey from hopelessness to hope.
She thought the sun rose and set with Luke, and felt like she was living the dream, when Luke finally began to see her as a woman. However, Lily soon learned how Luke was a wolf in sheep's clothing.
Pro: It amazed me how Sones could write about something so ugly in such a beautiful way.
Pro: This was a pretty emotional read. The story was told in such a way, that I felt my heart breaking piece by piece with each bit of innocence Luke stole from Lily.
Pro: Lily broke my heart. She was a young teen with a crush on her dad's friend. She had these wide open eyes and a wide open heart, and Luke robbed her of that. He trapped her in a web of secrets and lies, leaving her with no options, or so she believed.
Pro: I was a fan of the triatomics, Lily's group of friends. I liked how Sones used them as the norm to which Lily would compare her "relationship", and they were also just really supportive friends to Lily.
Pro: I felt like Lily had this big "eureka" moment at the end of the book, and I was really proud of her.
Con: BUT, I wish we had gotten more closure. I will never subscribe to the open ending, which allows me to draw my own conclusions thing. I always want definitive answers. Though I do understand, that if Sones met my requirements the endpoint would turn this into the Odyssey.
Pro: Sones built a compelling case for how this happened to Lily, which added to the believability of the story.
Overall: An emotional and painful story of abuse, which was beautifully told.
Summer Bird Blue
Akemi Dawn Bowman
Rumi Seto spends a lot of time worrying she doesn't have the answers to everything. What to eat, where to go, whom to love. But there is one thing she is absolutely sure of—she wants to spend the rest of her life writing music with her younger sister, Lea.
Then Lea dies in a car accident, and her mother sends her away to live with her aunt in Hawaii while she deals with her own grief. Now thousands of miles from home, Rumi struggles to navigate the loss of her sister, being abandoned by her mother, and the absence of music in her life. With the help of the "boys next door"—a teenage surfer named Kai, who smiles too much and doesn't take anything seriously, and an eighty-year-old named George Watanabe, who succumbed to his own grief years ago—Rumi attempts to find her way back to her music, to write the song she and Lea never had the chance to finish.
Rumi and her sister, Lea, dreamed of a life on the road, making music together. This dream was shattered in a heartbeat, when Lea's life was lost in a car accident. Though Rumi and her mother both survived, they had stopped living. Summer Bird Blue told the story of Rumi's summer of "goodbyes", and her trying to find a way to live without Lea.
Pro: The emotional impact of this book was unreal. I am sort of crying a little right now as I write this review, because Rumi's loss hit me really hard. Bowman expertly depicted her pain, suffering, and guilt, and my heart ached for Rumi.
Pro: Bowman shared Rumi's memories of Lea with us in each chapter, and the love between them was obvious. The dynamic between Rumi and Lea was wonderful, but complicated and real. I thought the memories were also well placed in the story, and helped me understand Rumi's pain better.
Pro: I was so touched by the relationship Rumi shared with Mr. Watanabe. He was a special source of support for Rumi, because he related to her pain and loss. I looked forward to the time they shared together, and was grateful he was able to open himself up to her.
Pro: Can we talk about Kai! Even with all his own problems weighing him down, he was able to be a great friend to Rumi. He was charming and fun and a really important part of Rumi's healing and self discovery.
Pro: This is the first book I have read with a questioning asexual character. I knew early on, that Rumi was leaning that way, but really found the exploration of her sexuality informative.
Pro: I got to go to Hawaii, and Bowman really showed us the sights, the smells, the tastes, and the little of the culture too.
Overall: A beautifully written and extremely moving book about love, loss, grief, forgiveness, and saying goodbye.
** ARCs received in exchange for honest reviews.
Have you read any of these books?
Labels: 3.5 stars, 4 stars, HarperTeen, review, sam, sam 3.5 stars, sam 4 stars, Simon Pulse, Wednesday Books
Nick August 27, 2018 at 5:10 AM
I've heard really good things about Sadie but I don't think it would be for me. It sounds like an intense and tough read!
I liked Summer Bird Blue a lot! I loved all the relationships in that book. Bowman is a favorite author now!
Samantha@WLABB August 27, 2018 at 6:27 AM
The relationships and the emotions she evoked won me over. I hope to read Bowman's debut soon
Shooting Stars Mag August 27, 2018 at 9:03 AM
Sounds like some good reads all around. I'm most excited about Sadie. It sounds great!
Samantha@WLABB August 27, 2018 at 6:37 PM
It was a really good and emotional batch for me. If you like gritty with a true crime feel, Sadie could work for you
Aj @ Read All The Things! August 27, 2018 at 9:23 AM
So many people are reading Sadie right now. I had no idea what it was about. I'm glad you liked it. Summer Blue Bird sounds good, too.
Summers is known for her dark and emotional books, and Sadie was really hard hitting. Yes, it made me uncomfortable, but not in a bad way. Summer Blue Bird was excellent, and Bowman is definitely one I will read more from.
I have Sadie coming up and everyone is commenting on how intense it is. I've loved Summers books so far.
Karen @ For What It's Worth
Yes, super intense. Sadie's life had so little joy, but the story was so compelling.
Tanya @ Girl Plus Books August 27, 2018 at 2:00 PM
Sadie sounds like such a dark and grim read. I'm intrigued but always not sure I really want to go there, you know? I'm a little thrown by the synopsis when it mentions West becomes obsessed with finding the missing girl. Who is missing? They know the sister is dead so she's not missing, right? Does Sadie go missing on her search? That part is a little confusing.
Btw, I mean the synopsis is a little confusing... not your review. :)
Sadie's sister is murdered, and Sadie goes searching for her killer. During her search, Sadie goes missing. The story flips back and forth between the podcasts, which are made after Sadie disappears, and Sadie's narrative, which is during the time she is searching for the murderer.
Tanya @ Girl Plus Books August 28, 2018 at 5:50 AM
Okay, makes more sense now. Thanks. :)
I've only read one Courtney Summers book and would definitely describe it as sad, depressing and hopeless. Looks like she has a style. Was the ending that disappointed you hopeless? Cause that's what drove me nuts about the book I read. I need at least a dash of hope.
The ending didn't leave me thinking there was a light at the end of the tunnel, which is probably why I would have preferred a definitive ending. I can usually do ok with a darker book, if it ends with some hope, but this, is a tough read. However, the story was told so well, and I was fully invested.
Heidi@Rainy Day Ramblings August 27, 2018 at 3:09 PM
I am looking forward to reading Sadie soon. Courtney Summers tends to be a powerful writer. I just wish that the endings in the first two books you reviewed were better. I struggle with lackluster/ open endings.
Sadie was frustrating, because the stakes were really high, and then, I don't get any answers, and I really needed some answers. I sort of understand why Sones ended the story, where she ended it. If she even went a little bit further, I know I would have wanted more after than, and like I said, we would have the Odyssey Part 2. The Opposite of Innocent didn't bother me as much, because it was clear, where it was going. I think I just wanted to see justice explicitly served.
Midnight Cowgirl August 27, 2018 at 6:03 PM
The Opposite of Innocent sounds like a very emotional read.
It was really sad, because the situation is so real, and seeing grown ups take advantage of children is just awful. I think I read Sadie and The Opposite of Innocent in a row. That was a lot of abuse for me to read about.
Greg August 27, 2018 at 6:06 PM
I already wanted to read Sadie but now I think I do even more- which kind of surprises me given the subject matter. I think it's just based on Courtney Summers' previous stuff, or at least what I've read of it. And that podcast is super cool- I may be going over to give a listen. :)
Nice review, thanks!
I think the concept and the execution of Sadie was incredible. I struggle a little with darker reads, and probably would have rated this higher had there been a little hope, but I think people, who read darker books, will love this one.
Angela August 27, 2018 at 7:08 PM
Summer Bird Blue sounds so emotional! I like that Rumi is able to find some people to help her through her grief, especially since it seems like her mother is really unavailable.
I was not even eased into the pain, it started right in chapter 1. The sadness and grief oozed off the page. A big part of the at book is how Rumi felt like she lost both her sister and her mother. Her father had left many years before and never looked back, and then her mother is so far in her grief, that her teenaged daughter is left to fend for herself. Thank goodness for the aunt, who never gave up on any of them. There are a million amazing things about that book.
Michelle August 27, 2018 at 7:13 PM
WOAH!! The Opposite of Innocent sounds INTENSE!! I mean, wow-- that's a hard subject. I've never heard of it before and now I'm slightly interested, slightly scared of it!!
I was so angry while I read that book, but happy with the way the character (slowly) came to the realization, that the situation was not right. I feel like I should have given it 4 stars, because I know I knocked it down the half star for the ending, and while I understand why it ended there, I wanted justice served.
Amber Elise @ Du Livre August 27, 2018 at 8:08 PM
I judged Sadie by its cover which was a shame because dark and grim are right up my alley!
Agreed - the cover doesn't not elude to a dark and gritty story, but it does have a little bit of mystery there.
Olivia's Catastrophe August 28, 2018 at 8:38 AM
It's so interesting that you didn't really like Sadie as a character but could still love her story, the writing and be so invested! I have it on my TBR and am so excited to be able to read that one now. I don't think the opposite of Innocence is going to be one for me, but Summer Blue sounds like it's really a kick in the emotions. I better be prepared!!
I felt empathy for her, but I think her life experiences left her a shell of who she was, and all that was really left behind was darkness and rage
Suzanne @ The Bookish Libra August 28, 2018 at 9:14 PM
I just started reading Summer Bird Blue tonight and so far am really enjoying it. Sadie is one of my most anticipated reads so I'm glad to see it earned high marks from you as well. I'm even more excited for that one than I already was after reading your review. It sounds even more intense than I was expecting it to be.
Summer Bird Blue was excellent. I wanted a few things to play out a little differently, and there were things that seemed forced into the story, but still an excellent story.
Shannon @ It Starts at Midnight August 28, 2018 at 9:44 PM
Whoa the podcast is real!? That is brilliant! I need to check this out (you know, on the off chance that they give me a real ending one of these days haha). I felt pretty much exactly the same as you did about Sadie, I thinK! Summer Bird Blue is definitely on my must-read list too, so I am very glad you liked it! The Opposite of Innocent sounds really interesting, but I don't know about the open ending- I'm already salty enough about Sadie hahah. Great reviews!
If Sadie's story hadn't been as interesting as it was, I would have been really bitter.
Verushka August 29, 2018 at 8:06 AM
YAS! I have been waiting for Sadie for ages and I am thrilled you rated it so high! I have been holding off listening to the podcast until I can get the book!!
I probably would have gone higher on Sadie had the ending given me a little more closure
Lindsi August 30, 2018 at 3:55 PM
The ending of Sadie matched the rest of the book, but like you... I wanted more. I can understand and respect the author's decision, though. I take comfort knowing she prevented a lot of other children from experiencing the pain that she did. It just felt too open-ended, and there's really no way to pretend something good will come out of that.
I haven't heard of the other two books, but I just added them to my TBR!
I was way too invested in Sadie to be satisfied with that ending
Veronika @ Wordy and Whimsical September 1, 2018 at 2:58 PM
I'm so excited for Summer Bird Blue and Sadie!! Sadie especially I'll have to read this fall, because it sounds the perfect rainy day read. Before getting to SBB I need to tackle Starfish - I've heard amazing things, and I've owned a copy of it for a looong time, so I feel so bad for not having read it yet. Anyhow, great reviews as always! :)
Veronika @ The Regal Critiques
Samantha@WLABB September 1, 2018 at 3:30 PM
Sadie is a tough read, but wow! So good, and written so well. When my review books start to slow down in the last quarter, I am going to read Starfish. I also have heard only raves about it.
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EAST RUTHERFORD, N.J. -- The New Jersey Nets will support four worldwide projects to offset carbon emissions when they play the Philadelphia 76ers on Tuesday night.
"We're definitely the first NBA team to have a carbon neutral game," said Julianne Waldron, the Nets' environmental manager. "I don't know if we're the first sports franchise, I can't speak to that, but I can say we are the first pro team to receive an accreditation of carbon neutral."
The CarbonNeutral Company calculated that 449 tons of carbon dioxide would be produced Tuesday by fans and Nets' personnel traveling to the game, energy use at the Izod Center and emissions from the 76ers bus trip from Philadelphia.
To offset that, the Nets will invest in a waste recovery project in India, a waste gas project in Germany, hydroplants in China and solar water heating systems in India.
Barclays PLC, the financial services firm which has bought naming rights for the Nets' planned arena in Brooklyn, N.Y., is covering the cost of the carbon free night.
"It's not a donation, it's actually an investment in clean energy," Waldron said.
Waldron declined to put a price tag on the night, but said the cost of carbon investment can range from $8 a ton to $20-plus a ton. As part of the evening, the Nets and Barclays will educate fans on what it means to be carbon neutral and what fans can do daily to help the environment.
In January, the Nets launched 'Netsgogreen.com' as an educational resource for fans to learn about energy conservation, global warming, sustainability, recycling, water conversation and other environmental matters.
"Being CarbonNeutral is an important step as we change our own behaviors and lead the way in environmental and sustainable initiatives in the sports and entertainment industries," Nets chief executive Brett Yormark said. "We have a social responsibility to do our part to combat climate change, but it also makes smart business sense."