Q: Where will the 2008 SMS International Conference be held?
Q: Am I responsible for reserving a hotel guestroom?
A: Yes, all conference attendees are responsible for making their own hotel reservations. SMS has contracted a limited amount of guest rooms at the Maritim Hotel Cologne. Rooms are available for a special price on a first-come-first-serve basis. We advise all attendees to make reservations early to secure a room with the special conference rate.
Q: How can I make hotel reservations for the Cologne SMS Conference?
A: Reservations need to be made directly with the Maritim Hotel in Cologne. You can fax or email the hotel guestroom reservation form directly to the hotel. Please reference the "SMS Conference" to receive the conference rate.
Q: When do I have to make guestroom reservations?
A: The SMS Conference rate is available until the guestroom block is filled. But: Remaining rooms in our block that are not sold by September 4, 2008 will go back to the hotel and will no longer be available at the negotiated rate.
A: The conference hotel might make additional rooms available, but likely not at the special SMS conference rate. There are a number of other hotels in the area where you might be able to make your own arrangements.
Q: What are the options to travel to Cologne?
A:Those planning to attend the Cologne conference are spoiled with choices. Cologne is a hub within the European high-speed rail network.
In addition to the Koeln-Bonn International airport (CGN) serving the city directly, the Duesseldorf International airport (DUS) as well as the huge international airport in Frankfurt (FRA) are within easy reach. The new InterCityExpress trains connect downtown Cologne non-stop with the Frankfurt airport in only about 55 minutes.
The Cologne airport has many European connections and also is a hub for several low-cost airlines.
Q: What are the entry requirements for traveling to Germany?
A: All foreign nationals require a valid passport or other identification document to enter Germany. The passport must be valid for at least another four months after entry into Germany or the Schengen area.
For citizens of the EU countries a valid identity card is sufficient.
U.S. nationals require a passport for travel to Germany. A visa is not required for a stay of up to 90 days.
Citizens of certain countries require a visa to enter Germany. For detailed information, please visit the website for the Consulate for Germany where you will find country specific information, visa requirements, fees, and applications.
Q: When can I register for the conference?
A: General registration began April 15, 2008.
A: Please register online through the registration area on our conference website. If you do not have one yet, you will be required to create an online account (this only takes a few minutes) to be a recognized user on our website and access the registration pages.
Check: Mail a copy of registration invoice with a check drawn from a U.S. bank to the SMS Executive Office.
Wire transfer: Wiring instructions can be found on the downloadable registration invoice. Please make all wiring fees payable by sender, and please make sure your name is included in the transaction details.
A: Yes, on-site registration will be available every morning before the start of the program however the registration fees will be higher if you wait to register during the conference.
A: Yes there is a US$100 reduction of the conference fees for current SMS Members.
Q: Is there a reduced registration fee for Students?
A: Yes, there is a Student Bundle that includes a reduced registration fee as well as two years of SMS membership (2008 and 2009).
Q: What is included in the conference registration fee?
Q: Can I wait to register for the conference until I find out if I am accepted to participate in the PhD Workshop?
A: If you are a submitting author whose proposal has been accepted, you will be required to register by May 15, 2008 in order to secure a place to present your proposal.
A: No refunds will be issued for cancellation of your registration. You may transfer your registration to another person within your organization or to one of your co-authors before September 14, 2008.
Q: I will need an official letter of attendance/ participation for my institution? How can I obtain that?
A: After the conference, you can download and print an individual letter confirming your conference attendance from our conference website.
A: It is a sequence of 3-4 authors, who will present their research in a comprehensive fashion, followed by interaction between authors and audience on a number of papers in a related theme.
A: This position is often filled by one of the authors of a paper that is presented in the session. The main responsibility is to introduce the presenters and to make sure that the session starts and stays on its time schedule. Please contact the SMS Executive Office if you are interested in serving as a Session Chair.
A: It is more interactive session than the traditional paper sessions. The session includes authors of 5-6 proposals, who will conduct a facilitated discussion on the topic of their research. Click here to learn more.
A: The Common Ground sessions will be chaired and facilitated by known scholars in the session's topic. The facilitator is not an author on one of the 6 proposals, but will be familiar with the proposals presented and discussed. It is the responsibility of the facilitators to lead a productive discussion and allocate time among participants.
A: No. Apart from the initial indication of preferred session type at time of submission, authors will not be able to influence the session format for their proposal. The final program is designed by the Track Program Directors and the proposals in each session are determined by topical area and the developmental stage of the proposals.
Q: Does that mean that the type of session I present in cannot change?
A: No. During the planning process leading up to the conference, it is possible that your proposal may be assigned to a different session with a different type or that the session itself changes type. The program will be finalized and published no later than July.
A: You can probably imagine that scheduling hundreds of authors and presentations will be quite challenging. We will determine the schedule for all sessions and they can be anytime Monday, Tuesday, or Wednesday until noon. Unfortunately, we usually will not be able to accommodate special requests.
A: We will provide notification in July 2008.
Q: What AV equipment will be available for presenters?
A: Presenters in Paper Sessions will have LCD projectors available, but presenters will need to provide their own laptop computer.
Authors participating in Common Ground Sessions will have access to flipcharts only. Overhead projectors will not be used in any sessions.
Q: Will comments from the peer review process be made available to submitting authors?
A: Yes. We have asked reviewers to provide notes for authors. This is the first year we are doing this for the conference submissions and we are happy to announce that approximately 2/3 of the proposals received comments. In order to view comments, authors must login to their SMS account and click on "mySubmissions".
Q: Is it possible to get access to the full papers of what will be/has been presented?
A: All presenters will be invited to upload copies of their full papers to our website where they will be available to conference attendees to download.


text:
Islamic marital jurisprudence
Title: Islamic marital jurisprudence
Subject: Fiqh, Sharia, Islam, Interracial marriage, Marriage in Pakistan
Collection: Fiqh, Marriage in Islam
Islamic jurisprudence
(fiqh)
Jizya
Nisab
Khums
Sadaqah (Waqf)
Bayt al-mal
Murabaha
Islamic leadership
Imamah
Wilayat al-faqih
Bay'ah
Dhimmi
Misyar
Halala
Urfi
Mut'ah
Iddah
Ma malakat aymanukum
Awrah
Maisir (gambling)
Zina (illicit sex)
Hirabah (unlawful warfare)
Fasad ("mischief")
Rajm (stoning)
Tazir (discretionary)
Qisas (retaliation)
Diyya (compensation)
Honorifics
Raka'ah
Qibla
Turbah
Sunnah salat
(Tahajjud
Tarawih)
Nafl salat
Sawm
Ihram (clothing
Mut'ah)
Tawaf
Umrah (and Hajj)
Taharah
Wudu
Masah
Ghusl
Tayammum
Najis
Dhabihah
Comparison with kashrut
Defensive jihad
Offensive jihad
Istijarah (asylum)
In Islamic law (sharia), marriage (zawaj زواج) is a legal bond and social contract between a man and a woman. Islam is totally opposed to monasticism and celibacy.[1] Marriage is an act of Sunnah in Islam and is strongly recommended;[1][2] the age of marriage being whenever the individuals feel ready, financially and emotionally.[2] Polygyny is permitted in Islam under some conditions, but polyandry is forbidden.[3]
Types of marriage 1
Nikah 1.1
Nikah mut'ah 1.2
Nikah misyar 1.3
Interfaith marriage 1.4
Restrictions on marriage 2
Polygyny 2.1
Permissible age 2.2
Other religions 2.3
Arranged and forced marriages 2.4
Adulterers 2.5
Mahr 2.7
Islamic marriage contract 2.8
Walima 3
Behavior within marriage 4
Spousal rights and obligations 4.1
Separate accommodation for wife 4.1.1
Sexuality 4.1.2
Gender roles 4.2
Types of marriage
A Muslim bride signing the nikkah nama or marriage certificate.
Nikah (Arabic: نكاح, literally, "to collect and bind together")[4] is the first—and most common—form of marriage for Muslims. It is described in the Qur'an in Surah 4:4.[5]
Regulations:
While intended to be a permanent state, it can be terminated by the husband engaging in the Talaq process or the wife seeking a Khula.
The couple inherit from each other.
A legal contract is signed when entering the marriage. However it is not a requirement that the contract be in writing, it may be oral especially amongst illiterates.
If an agreed end-date is determined in the Nikah contract:
In Sunni jurisprudence, the contract is voided.
In Shia jurisprudence, the contract is transformed into a nikah mut'ah.
Requirement of witnesses:
Sunni: either two (2) adult Muslim males or one (1) adult Muslim male and two (2) adult Muslim females .
Shia: two (2) adult Muslim males[6]
Permission from Wali:[7]
Sunni: Compulsory (Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali) or Strongly recommended (Hanafi)
Shia: Depending on the scholar, it is either obligatory or obligatory based on precaution.
Nikah mut'ah
Nikah mut'ah (Arabic: نكاح متعة, temporary marriage[8]), often referred as fixed-time marriage. Many of these marriages have a time limit, and is the second form of marriage, and is referred to in Al-Qur'an in Surah An-Nisa ayat 24, 4:24("اسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ"). There is controversy on the Islamic legality of this type of marriage, since Sunnis believe it was abrogated by Muhammad, while Shi'ia hold to Al-Qur'an and the ruling of Imam Ali (a.s.) that it is lawful in which he said "The first to ban Mut'ah was Omar[9]" and "Were it not for Omar banning Mut'ah only the sickest people would commit fornication.[10]" Nikah mut'ah has a preset time period to the marriage which is stated during the initiation of the contract. Traditionally the couple do not inherit from each other. The man usually is not responsible for the economic welfare of the woman and she usually may leave her home at her own discretion. For these reasons Sunnis frequently compare this type of marriage to adultery or prostitution. Nikah mut'ah also does not count toward a maximum of wives (four according to the Qur'an). However, similar to normal marriages that are common among Sunnis and Shi'ias, the woman still is given her mahr,and the woman must still observe the iddah, a period of time (exact time is debated but is between 2 and 4.5 months) where the woman cannot remarry. This is to ensure that there is no pregnancy from the ex-husband and thus clarifies paternal lineage.
Shia justification for Mut'ah:
Quran 4:24 (Pickthall)- And all married women (are forbidden unto you) save those (captives) whom your right hands possess. It is a decree of Allah for you. Lawful unto you are all beyond those mentioned, so that ye seek them with your wealth in honest wedlock, not debauchery. And those of whom ye seek content (by marrying them), give unto them their portions as a duty. And there is no sin for you in what ye do by mutual agreement after the duty (hath been done). Lo! Allah is ever Knower, Wise.
Nikah misyar
Nikah Misyaar is a Nikah in Sunni's carried out via the normal contractual procedure, with the specificity that the husband and wife give up several rights by their own free will, such as living together, equal division of nights between wives in cases of polygamy, the wife's rights to housing, and maintenance money ("nafaqa"), and the husband's right of homekeeping, and access etc.[11]
Interfaith marriage
Muslim males may marry a non-Muslim female, specifically, one from the "People of the Book", which includes Judaism and Christianity. Conversion is optional for the woman, but she is nonetheless charged with having a proper understanding of her respective faith as well as engaging in its true and thorough practise. Muslim women have generally forbidden from marrying non-Muslims by some interpretations. But today, more and more scholars have been questioning this ages-long assumption.
Restrictions on marriage
Muslim men are allowed to practise polygyny, that is, they can have more than one wife at the same time, up to a total of four, per Sura 4 Verse 3. A man does not need approval of his first wife for a second marriage as there is no evidence in the Qur'an or hadith to suggest this.[12][13][14] The only requirement required is to create fairness among his wives and never hurts one wife to please another as this would be unjust. If this requirement is unable to be fulfilled, then he can only marry one.
Polyandry, the practice of a woman having more than one husband, by contrast, is not permitted. One of the main reasons for this would be the potential questioning of paternal lineage. The Quran states: (30:21): "And among His signs is that He has created for you, from your selves, mates, that you may incline towards them and find rest in them, and He has engendered love and tenderness between you. Surely in this are signs for people who reflect."
Permissible age
Sahih Muslim permits marriage by reaching maturity sexually (I.e. menstruation, voice changing, wetdreams) (baligh). Sexual maturity in sharia law is typically understood to mean puberty.[15] At the same time, intercourse is forbidden until they are able to physically bear it.[16]
Other religions
Traditionally, Muslim jurists hold that Muslim women may only enter into marriage with Muslim men. The Qur'an explicitly allows Muslim men to marry chaste women of the People of the Book, a term which includes Jews and Christians.[17][18]
Arranged and forced marriages
An engagement may be arranged between families for their children, but Islamic requirements for a legal marriage include the requirement that both parties, bridegroom and guardian for the bride (wali), give their legal consent. A marriage without the consent of the bride or performed under coercion is illegal according to the majority of scholars.
If a girl has not attained the age of puberty, the vast majority of scholars hold that she cannot be married; and many stipulate that it must be in her best interest in order to be considered a valid marriage. There is some dispute as to whether or not an under-age bride can leave her family's custody and be transferred to her husband's custody, if she has not yet reached puberty. Some evidence supporting both sides can be seen in the following narrations from Muhammad:
Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 62, Number 65 Narrated 'Aisha: that the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old. Hisham said: I have been informed that 'Aisha remained with the Prophet for nine years (i.e. till his death).
Sahih Bukhari 7.18 Narrated 'Ursa: The Prophet asked Abu Bakr for 'Aisha's hand in marriage. Abu Bakr said "But I am your brother." The Prophet said, "You are my brother in Allah's religion and His Book, but she (Aisha) is lawful for me to marry."
however; evidence from other Islamic sources seems to suggest that this is not something allowed for all Muslims; rather specifically for Muhammad. The evidence for this view is as follows:
Abu Hurayrah reported that the Prophet said: "A non-virgin woman may not be married without her command, and a virgin may not be married without her permission; and it is permission enough for her to remain silent (because of her natural shyness)." [Al-Bukhari:6455, Muslim & Others]
It is reported in a hadith that A'ishah related that she once asked the Prophet : "In the case of a young girl whose parents marry her off, should her permission be sought or not?" He replied: "Yes, she must give her permission." She then said: "But a virgin would be shy, O Messenger of Allaah!" He replied: "Her silence is [considered as] her permission." [Al-Bukhari, Muslim, & Others]
It appears that the permission of an under-age bride is indeed necessary for her marriage to be considered valid;the above narrations seem to clearly make the approval of the bride a condition for a valid marriage contract.
Islam does not give adulterous men the right to marry a chaste woman and nor may an adulterous woman marry a chaste man, except if the matter has not gone to court and the two purify themselves of this sin by sincere repentance.[19][20]
Women of purity are for men of purity, and men of purity are for women of purity
— Quran 24:26
A woman or man may propose marriage directly or through an intermediary (matchmaker).
Recognition or celebration of same-sex marriage is completely unjustified in the view of Islamic law. Islam forbids homosexuality in Qur'anic injunctions and Islamic tradition.
A marriage is registered by the Qadi who performs the short ceremony.
Unlike the wedding ring in Western societies, there is no visible sign worn to show a woman or a man is married. However, some Muslims have found the wedding ring to be a non-religious tradition and have used a ring.
Mahr is a mandatory gift given by the groom to the bride. Unlike a bride price, however, it is given directly to the bride and not to her father. Although the gift is often money, it can be anything agreed upon by bride and groom such as a house or viable business that is put in her name and can be run and owned entirely by her if she chooses.
Islamic marriage contract
The purpose, rules, and regulations of the Islamic marriage contract. A Muslim marriage is not a sacrament, but a simple, legal agreement in which either partner is free to include conditions. These conditions are stipulated in a written contract. Violating any of the conditions stipulated in this contract is legal grounds for a partner seeking divorce. The first part of the Nikah, marriage ceremony is the signing of the marriage contract itself.
Various traditions may differ in how Nikah is performed because different groups accept different texts as authoritative. Therefore, Sunnis will likely accept the hadith of Muhammad al-Bukhari, while Shia will have their own collections, for example Furu al-Kafi, thus producing different procedures. This contract requires the consent of both parties. There is a tradition, outside of the religion, in some Muslim countries to pre-arrange a marriage for young children. However, the marriage still requires consent for the wedding to legally take place.
Divorce is not forbidden as a last resort, however the dissolution of the contract Talaq, is often described as the most disliked of permissible things in Islam and should be used as a last resort.
Walima
The Walima is a dinner given by the groom's side of the family to celebrate the welcoming of the bride to the family. It is a strong sunnah (the repetition of an action of Muhammad) and it is recommended to be held the earliest possible day after the Nikah.
Behavior within marriage
Spousal rights and obligations
Islam advocates a role-based relationship between husband and wife.
`Abd Allah ibn `Umar narrated:
The Prophet said, "All of you are guardians and are responsible for your wards. The ruler is a guardian and the man is a guardian of his family; the lady is a guardian and is responsible for her husband's house and his offspring; and so all of you are guardians and are responsible for your wards."
— Sahih al-Bukhari: Volume 7, Book 62, Number 128
It puts the main responsibility of earning over the husband. Both are obliged to fulfill the other's sexual needs. Both are obliged to treat each other with kindness.
Separate accommodation for wife
The wife has the right to live in separate accommodation with her husband and children, if she does not like to share it with anyone like her in-law or relatives. This is the view of most of the Hanafi, Shaafa'i and Hanbali fuqaha. She also has the right to refuse to live with her husband's father, mother and siblings.
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: That he heard Allah's Apostle saying, "Everyone of you is a guardian and is responsible for his charge; the ruler is a guardian and is responsible for his subjects; the man is a guardian in his family and responsible for his charges; a woman is a guardian of her husband's house and responsible for her charges; and the servant is a guardian of his master's property and is responsible for his charge." I definitely heard the above from the Prophet and think that the Prophet also said, "A man is a guardian of his father's property and responsible for his charges; so everyone of you is a guardian and responsible for his charges."[Sahih Bukhari]
This indicates that a wife is responsible for the house of her husband. Also that a man should be the guardian of his family, i.e., after his marriage he moves out of his father's house, and runs his own family affairs and is guardian of his family. In joint family, typically the head is either the father of the husband, or mother of the husband. This also indicates that a husband should look after his parent's house, as "a man is a guardian of his father's property". So the wife should not object to her husband when he is looking after affairs of his parents.[21]
Sexuality in Islam is largely described by the Qur'an, Islamic tradition, and religious leaders both past and present as being confined to marital relationships between men and women. While most traditions discourage celibacy, all encourage strict chastity and modesty with regards to any relationships across gender lines, holding forth that intimacy as perceived within Islam (encompassing a swath of life more broad than strictly sex) is to be reserved for marriage.
Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud narrated:
We were with the Prophet while we were young and had no wealth whatever. So Allah's Apostle said, "O young people! Whoever among you can marry, should marry, because it helps him lower his gaze and guard his modesty (i.e., his private parts from committing illegal sexual intercourse etc.), and whoever is not able to marry, should fast, as fasting diminishes his sexual desire."
— Volume 7, Book 62, Number 4:[22]
While adulterous relationships are strictly forbidden, permissible sexual relationships within marriage are described in Islamic sources as great wells of love and closeness for the couple involved. Sexual relationship between married couples are even source of rewards from God as doing the opposite; i.e., satisfying sexual needs through illicit means has punishment. Specific occasions (most notably daytime fasting (see sawm) and menstruation) are times forbidden for intercourse, though not for other ways of touching and being close to one another. Anal sex with one's wife is also strictly prohibited.
Islam has an open and playful approach to sex [23][24] so long as it is within marriage, free of lewdness, fornication and adultery. For Muslims, Sex with Reference to Quran indicates that, bar anal intercourse and adultery, a Muslim marital home bonded by Nikah marital contract between husband and his wife(s) should enjoy and even indulge, within the privacy of their marital home, in limitless scope of husband-wife straight sexual acts (within their monogamous marriage) or husband-wives straight, lesbian and bisexual acts (within their polygamous marriage).[25]
In Islam, women and men are not treated equally in the westernized sense. The Qur'an asserts that there are innate differences between women and men.[26] Therefore, Islam places different rights over the husband and wife.
Some similar rights which both the husband and wife owe to each other are:
The right to enjoy each other.
The right to inherit from each other.
The right of confirmation of the lineage of their children.
Some rights which the husband owes to his wife are:
The dower (Mahr)
Kind and proper treatment
Marital relations
Not to be beaten
Justice between multiple wives
To be taught her religion
Defense of her honor
Some rights which the wife owes to her husband are:
Being head of the household
To be obeyed in all that is not disobedience to Allah
That she not allow anyone in the house of whom he disapproves
That she not leave the house without his permission
That she cook for him and keep his house
To be thanked for his efforts
That she can only undertake a voluntary fast with his permission
These are some of the rights which spouses owe one another.[27][28]
Beena - a form of marriage used in pre-Islamic Arabia
Islamic views on slavery#Concubinage
Marriage and wedding customs in Islam
Nikah Ijtimah
The Sermon for Necessities
Sex with Reference to Quran
^ a b "Importance of Marriage in Islam". al-islam.org. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
^ a b http://www.onislam.net/english/ask-about-islam/ethics-and-values/muslim-character/166329-marriage-is-the-prophets-sunnah.html
^ http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article308231.ece
^ Nikah.com Information: Definitiion of Nikah (Islamic marriage)
^ Quran 4:4
^ Witnesses for Marriage
^ Nikah without Parents Knowledge?
^ Answering-Ansar.org :: Mut'ah, a comprehensive guide
^ http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/mutah/al_awail.jpg
^ http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/mutah/tafsir_kabir_v4_p41.jpg
^ Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf : Misyar marriage
^ Section 30
^ Validity of second marriage without consent of first
^ IslamWeb Fatwa Q&A
^ Islam and the Everyday World: Public Policy Dilemmas - Page 102, Sohrab Behdad, Farhad Nomani, Farhad Nomani - 2006
^ Requirement for Marriage
^ El Fadl, Abou (2006). "On Christian Men marrying Muslim Women". Scholar of the House. Retrieved 2008-01-20.
^ Quran 24:3, Quran 2:221
^ Javed Ahmed Ghamidi, Mizan, Chapter:The Social Law of Islam, Al-Mawrid
^ Rights of Spouses and issues with joint family
^ Wedlock, Marriage (Nikaah)
^ [4], Article titled "Sex: What Muslim women really want in the bedroom", by Shelina Janmohamed, The Telegraph, May 2, 2013, accessed on 23 September 2015.
^ [5], 100 Interesting Facts About …
^ [6],Sex in reference to Quran, by A Taha, Accessed on 22 October 2015
^ "And the male is not like the female."
^ Rights of spouses
^ See Section 18
Ali, Kecia (2010). Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam. Harvard University Press.
E-Book: Marriage - A Form of Ibada
E-Book: Wedding Customs and Non-Islamic Traditions
Rights of husband and wife, and issues with joint family system
The Etiquettes of Muslim Marriage
Islamic Philosophy of Marriage
VIDEO: British Man and French Woman talk about Becoming Muslims and how they got married.
VIDEO: A French Muslim Convert Talks about Hijab and Marriage
crescentlife.com's "Fundamentals of a happy marriage", a Muslim view of marriage structured around "21 F's", words beginning in F such as Faith, Forgiving, Forget, Forbearance, and so on. Similar content exists in multiple other sources, credited to various authors or uncredited.
Why Muslim Singles Cannot Get Married
The Wali in Islam:1,2,3,4,5
Islam Marriages and Qur'an Teachings
QuranicPath | Marriage of Believers
Islam topics
God in Islam
Five Pillars
Timeline of Muslim history
Ahl al-Bayt
Sahaba
Shi'a Imams
Caliphates
Rashidun
Quranism
Non-denominational Muslims
Nation of Islam (NOI)
Madrasas
Islam by country
Dhabiĥa
Sources of law
Medieval science
Alchemy and chemistry
Creationism (evolution)
Shu'ubiyya
Conversion to mosques
Criticism of Islam
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Cultural Muslim
Islamic view of miracles
Islam and antisemitism
Persecution of Muslims
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Marriage in Pakistan
Pakistan, Culture of Pakistan, Imam, %s%s, Muslim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
macular (adj.)
by 1806, "spotted, exhibiting or characterized by spots," from macula "a spot" + -ar. Meaning "pertaining to the macula lutea of the eye is by 1873.
Entries linking to macular
macula (n.)
plural maculae, "a spot, blotch," especially on the skin or eye, c. 1400, from Latin macula "spot, stain," used of various spots (sunspots, markings on minerals, etc.), from Proto-Italic *smalto-, which is of uncertain origin. The macula lutea of the eye, the yellow spot of the retina opposite the pupil (the position of the most distinct vision), is from 1848.
-ar
word-formation element meaning "pertaining to, of the nature of," from Latin -arem, -aris "of the kind of, belonging to," a secondary form (by dissimilation) of -alis, used after syllables with an -l- (such as insularis for *insulalis, stellaris for *stellalis).
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Etymology of macular by etymonline
Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of macular. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/macular
Harper Douglas, "Etymology of macular," Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed $(datetime), https://www.etymonline.com/word/macular.
Harper, Douglas. "Etymology of macular." Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/macular. Accessed $(datetimeMla).
D. Harper. "Etymology of macular." Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/macular (accessed $(datetime)).
Dictionary entries near macular
macrospore
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maculation
macule


I have learned from different experiences in life to enjoy the moment. As my schedule fills up with various meetings and activities, I enjoy the relational aspect of these things. Relationships are important to me and know there is purpose in the people for whom I come in contact. I truly believe it takes a village to accomplish great things.
However, I have also learned that people can let you down. I know I have let others down throughout my life and that I have been let down. It's part of human nature. No matter how perfect a person may seem, whether they are rich and powerful, or a spiritual mentor, at some point, they will show their humanness.
God is always a safe place to go. He can be trusted more than any human on earth. Depending on God is where we need to be and not on people. The Lord is a safe place.
Faith Tip: Think about the people you trust the most. They are God's gift to you, but they don't replace the ultimate value of the Giver.
This tends to be a busy time of year with graduations, weddings, end of ministries for the year and their celebration, along with everyday life and work. Sometimes we can become anxious about it all because it seems overwhelming. We wonder how we are going to do it all and forget that the One who created all things is there. If we can keep from grouping everything together in one chaotic mass and enjoy them one by one, day by day, minute by minute praying for God's grace and wisdom as you journey, the trip will go much smoother. Peace will descend upon you as you allow God into what you are doing. This peace will guard your hearts and minds as a protective barrier against evil.
Be thankful for prayer. Choose to use prayer in your every moment enjoying the presence of all mighty God.
Faith Tip: What's on your schedule today and tomorrow? Take one thing at a time and begin talking to Jesus about it. Accept the peace he has to offer.
Who is the greatest person we can think of in our time? Ideas such as a political figure, entertainer, or someone who has greatly given of themselves may come to mind. Would we even consider answering a small child? I think we would be as dumbfounded as the disciples were when Jesus presented a child as the greatest.
The difference is the way we think of greatness. We think of achievements that can only be done with the growing of our human experience. Jesus is thinking about faith. One thought pattern focuses on what we do and the other on what God does. God is the author of faith. If we look to God believing as a child would, no matter what the world tells us, our faith would grow and expand. Children have a capacity to believe in something strongly that adults seem to lose as they grow older. We want proof. God wants us to regain that child-like faith in him and trust.
Faith Tip: Regain the wonderment children have and explore God. The truths you find are treasure to your soul.
"Search me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my anxious thoughts. See if there is any offensive way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting" (Psalm 139:23-24).
Being married gives many opportunities to show the other person how much you love them. It's not only on special days like birthdays, anniversaries, and Valentine's Day that affection can be demonstrated, but every day. As we trust, help, encourage, pray for, and do other things for our spouse, we live out our love for them. We want them to know our heart for them.
We can live out our love for God in much the same way. We invite God to know how our heart beats for him. To test, practice and know, we are putting what we have learned to practice in loving God. We increase our trust, avail ourselves to his leading and follow obediently, we praise him for all he has done, and seek his face in all things. That is showing our heart to God in a real way.
Faith Tip: Show your love to God today and invite him to search your heart.


PRN is a group of specialists in healthcare communication, helping to improve interactions between patients and physicians. Our goal is to make communication between patients and providers more effective, efficient, and satisfying for all involved. Our team provides coaching in communication skills for physicians and other providers, as well as educational support for patients and their allies.
PRN means "as needed" in medical terms. (Pro re nata, in Latin.) We offer programs and services on an "as needed" basis to improve communication skills in healthcare.


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Magazine4U
Abbey Section Abbey Index Featured Abbeys Full List (a) Cathedrals and Major Churches
Christianity in Britain
No one knows for sure when Christianity arrived in Britain. The Roman Catholic version we know arrived around 600AD and others suggest far earlier, but the Roman Catholics became the major form, from the synod of Whitby in 664, when the Celtic church gave way to the catholic variant. Some would class this as the beginning of Christianity in Britain but earlier surviving texts tell us it was here far before this.
What we can say is that it was before the books that make up the New Testament section of the bible were written, and independent of political infighting that occurred within the Mediterranean are in the first few centuries of Christianity, and the establishment of the Catholic church.
We know, both from information in Europe and later activities of 'Catholic Christians' conquering other lands, that a lot of book burning and record destruction occurred, so that few remains exist of anything that differed from the political viewpoint they wished to promote.
So what can we find in early documentation:-
Tertullian (AD155-222) wrote in 'Adversus Judaeos' that Britain had already received and accepted the Gospel in his lifetime, writing: "… all the limits of the Spains, and the diverse nations of the Gauls, and the haunts of the Britons – inaccessible to the Romans, but subjugated to Christ."
Eusebius, (AD260-340) Bishop of Caesarea and one of the earliest and most comprehensive of church historians, wrote of Christ's disciples in 'Demonstratio Evangelica', saying that "some have crossed the Ocean and reached the Isles of Britain." Saint Hilary of Poitiers (AD300-376) also wrote (Tract XIV, Ps 8) that the Apostles had built churches and that the Gospel had passed into Britain.
This claim is echoed by Saint John Chrysostom (AD347-407), the Patriarch of Constantinople in 'Chrysostomo Orat. O Theos Xristos'
Hippolytus AD170-236), considered to have been one of the most learned Christian historians, identifies the seventy whom Jesus sent in Luke 10, and includes Aristobulus listed in Romans 16:10 with Joseph and states that he ended up becoming a Pastor in Britain.
This is further argued by St. Hilary in Tract XIV, Ps 8.
The Church in Britain seems to have developed the customary diocesan system as evidenced from the records of the Council of Arles in Gaul in 314. Represented at the Council were Bishops from thirty-five sees from Europe and North Africa, including three Bishops from Britain: Eborius of York, Restitutus of London, and Adelphius.
Much later in the 11th century, but heavily relied on in other areas of history, William of Malmesbury mentions Joseph going to Britain in one passage of his 'Chronicle of the English Kings'. He says Philip the Apostle sent twelve Christians to Britain, one of whom was his dearest friend, Joseph of Arimathea. William does not mention Joseph by name again, but he mentions the twelve evangelists generally. He claims Glastonbury Abbey was founded by them.
Elizabeth I cited Joseph's missionary work in England when she told Roman Catholic Bishops that the Church of England pre-dated the Roman Church in England.
Often discussion from this point looks at the likelihood and other information that suggests that Joseph of Arimathea, brought Christianity to Britain, and that he had previous trading links with Britain. There are also legends that he had previously brought Jesus here as a large child or young adult. We have legends associated with a thorn that grows on Glastonbury Tor coming from Josephs staff and of course all the discussion of the Holy Grail, in its original and renewed form. Some of which we have discussed before when looking at the legend of King Arthur and places associated with him.
In this article I want to return to the evidence of early Christianity in Britain, moving on to looking at evidence that Christianity existed while the Romans were in Britain.
There is a second century word 'square' that may be the earliest Roman artefact of Christianity in Britain. Not everyone however accepts this to be Christian.
Archaeological evidence for Christian communities begins to appear in the 3rd and 4th centuries. Small timber churches are suggested at Lincoln and Silchester, and fonts have been found at Icklingham and the Saxon Shore Fort at Richborough.
The Water Newton Treasure is a hoard of Christian silver church plate from the early fourth century and the Roman Villa at Lullingstone contained Christian wall paintings and the Roman Villa at Hinton St Mary contains Christian mosaics.
For the Roman Empire Theodosius I made Christianity the state religion of the empire in 391, and by the 5th century it was well-established. Saint Alban, the first British Christian martyr, is believed to have died in the early 4th century (although some date him in the middle 3rd century), followed by Saints Aaron and Julius of Isca Augusta.
Around Britain we find many ancient stone crosses, some clearly Celtic, many having no known origin. There were many more, but in the time of Cromwell, many were destroyed and pieces scattered.
One claimed heresy, 'Pelagianism', was originated by a British monk teaching in Rome, Pelagius lived c. 354 to c. 420/440. It is thought he originated from either Scotland or Ireland, but was for many years thought well of as he taught Christianity in Rome, later some of his teachings, although widely accepted, came into conflict with other developing ideas. Some suggest his preaching's represent the earliest form of Christianity in Britain, but others may dispute this.
Others suggest that the original form of Christianity in Britain had a single God, that wrapped around all others, so that, perhaps like some Pagan groups today, they viewed all forms or religions as different faces of the same God, which differs from the Catholic and derivative churches that are based upon a three person hierarchy, God, Son and Holy Ghost, with the Catholics adding Mary, providing 4 Godheads and matching better wrapping or renaming the four principle Roman Gods.
While the Romans were in Britain many religions were allowed to co-exist, and after they left this would have continued, although perhaps some new ones came in. Some suggest that in this period the earlier form of Christianity ceased, while others see it as continuing in family lines and through the establishment of monasteries.
Towards the end of the period the Romans were in Britain another religion Mithraism, gained a large foothold, this was a Roman mystery religion with no books, but their 'secrets' shared from one initiate to another. Religious practice was centred around the 'mithraeum' (Latin, from Greek 'mithraion'), either an adapted natural cave or cavern or an artificial building imitating a cavern. Mithraea were dark and windowless, even if they were not actually in a subterranean space or in a natural cave. When possible, the mithraeum was constructed within or below an existing building. The site of a mithraeum may also be identified by its separate entrance or vestibule, its "cave", called the 'spelaeum' or 'spelunca', with raised benches along the side walls for the ritual meal, and its sanctuary at the far end, often in a recess, before which the pedestal-like altar stood. Many mithraea that follow this basic plan are scattered over much of the Empire's former area, particularly where the legions were stationed along the frontiers, such as Britain. Others may be recognized by their characteristic layout, even though converted as crypts beneath Christian churches, suggesting that Christianity wrapped around and included this.
Ancient British sites often have 'fogo' some of the best being found in Cornwall, these subterranean caves may be connected with this, similarly in Scotland and elsewhere earlier underground structures exist, some others may be connected with springs and water offerings. Whatever format the religions involved, just about all were wrapped and absorbed into Christianly, sacred wells becoming holy wells, and most sites of other religions being developed and included into Christian churches.
In the Mediterranean through this period a lot of dramas were played out with a number of popes existing at the same time each excommunicating the others and wrapping different local religions, so that a number of variant forms of Christianity developed.
As other peoples moved into Britain, as today, they brought their religions with them. From each of these earlier belief systems, some aspects were absorbed into Christianity, for example the winter solstice being transformed to Christmas, and according the the monk Bede, Easter coming from Goddess Feast of the Anglo Saxon Pagan Goddess 'Eostre', which had occurred at the same time.
By around 600 catholic Christianity was being introduced to Britain, while at the same time a form of Celtic Christianity existed, some suggest this form of Celtic Christianity came from Ireland and western and northern Gaelic areas of Britain, perhaps surviving forms of early Christianity through the monasteries route. We know these two branches had different histories as their organisational structure was different, and Celtic monasteries were far more independent having more variation, some coming to accept the Bishop of Rome (Pope) as the supreme, others not.
Celtic Christianity sometimes called insular Christianity, was not accepted by Catholics as true Christianity to them, unity under a single Pope was a part of the definition.
By the seventh century, the established ecclesiastical structure for Catholicism on the Continent consisted of one Bishop for each diocese. The Bishop would reside in a "see", or a city able to support a cathedral. This structure was in part based on the secular administrative organisation of the Roman Empire, which had subdivided provinces into "dioceses".
The structure of Celtic or insular Christianity was based around monastic networks ruled by Abbots. These Abbots were of Royal kin. The nobility who ruled over different tribes, and whose sources of power were rural estates, integrated the monastic institutions they established into their Royal houses and domains. Abbots were monastic, and were not necessarily ordained so they were not necessarily priests or bishops, and so bishops were still needed, since certain sacramental functions were reserved only for the ordained, however, unlike on the Continent, these bishops had little authority within Celtic ecclesiastical structure. Of course in many of the areas they were located, such as Ireland and Scotland, there had never been a Roman administration, so no historical dioceses existed in any case.
There were other differences, Easter was calculated a different way so would be at different dates and the Monastic tonsure was different. At this time you could tell who a person was by the way their hair was cut, so the tonsure of the Celtic monks was the hair cut up from the bottom, like cutting around a small pudding bowl leaving hair on the top of the head, while the catholic monks tonsure was the opposite hair cut completely from the top of the head but a band of hair left around the head.
There was also dofferences of practice and belief, rites and orders. Prayer, baptism and confession practices differed.
While the Celtic or insular Christians saw nothing wrong with this, structured church of Rome did, and could not accept any variant formats.
This came to a head in different places and countries at different dates, and this is illustrated by the acceptance of the 'Church of Rome' way to calculate Easter. South Ireland, 626-8; North Ireland, 692; Northumbria (converted by Celtic missions), 664; East Devon and Somerset, the Celts under Wessex, 705; the Picts, 710; Iona, 716-8; Strathclyde, 721; North Wales, 768; South Wales, 777. Cornwall held out the longest of any, perhaps even, in parts, to the time of Bishop Aedwulf of Crediton (909).
At the same time some who felt strongly in favour of Celtic traditions expanded their influence and traditions throughout Europe. A lot of fragments of different rites and other information survives showing the diversity.
Over time, the Catholic church of Rome, became the public face of all Christian religion, and a strong political and financial force, supporting Kings, and supporting war and oppression. It was however not a totally one way movement, for example the system of confession came from the Irish Celtic church and was taken up by the Catholic church over time becoming established and totally bound into their beliefs in the 1200's.
Later after the reformation, the break away from Rome and formation of an independent church in Britain some of the Celtic traditions were rediscovered, and more recently we see many others surfacing in parts of new age belief systems.
Abbey and Religious Buildings Section for all articles, lists and location guides on Abbey's, Cathedrals, Churches, Holy Wells etc.
By: Keith Park Section: Abbey and Religious Buildings Key:
Page Ref: christianity_in_britain Topic: Abbeys Last Updated: 02/2011
Text linking: Christianity in Britain on Photographers Resource


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Tag Archive: Oddjob
Preview–James Bond takes on… Bruce Lee?… in Dynamite comic book series
Filed under: Comics & Books, Retro Fix — Leave a comment
Review by C.J. Bunce
First of all it's not really Bruce Lee. The character's name is John Lee, and he's an agent after the same target but backed by a different government–the South Korean intelligence agency–and with different objectives than our title character, Mr. Bond. Ian Fleming's James Bond 007 is smartly written by Greg Pak and drawn by Marc Laming, Stephen Mooney, and Eric Gapstur in a way that makes it easy for readers to imagine what could have been one great movie. More as if Bruce Lee was portraying his Dragon than Kato, this Mr. Lee and Mr. Bond are well-matched adversaries.
Until they aren't.
Taking some of the best bits from the spy trope, what will happen when MI6 teams up with South Korean spies against a common foe? It's Man from U.N.C.L.E meets Bond, as villains from MI6's past start popping up, including Oddjob and Goldfinger. A suitcase will explode if removed from, or taken too far away from, its handler. One town of innocent people has already seen the potential of this new technology.
This series has everything. Great tech gizmos, exotic women counter-spies, and locations across the globe. Mooney's artwork is fantastic, reminiscent of Mike Grell and Rick Hoberg's pencil work during the spy years of the DC Comics Green Arrow comic book series (including a great new character similar to their Shado). And Bond's dialogue reveals Pak knows the character well.
Take a look at this preview, courtesy of Dynamite Comics:
Tags: Ariana Maher, Bruce Lee, Dynamite Comics, Dynamite Entertainment, Eric Gapstur, Goldfinger, Green Arrow, Greg Pak, Ian Fleming, Ian Fleming's James Bond 007, Ian Fleming's James Bond 007 preview, Ian Fleming's James Bond 007 review, James Bond, Man from U.N.C.L.E., Marc Laming, Mike Grell, Oddjob, Own Voices, Rick Hoberg, Shado, Stephen Mooney, Triona Farrell
3D printing--Make your own imperial forces AT-AT at home
New Space Ghost exclusive coming your way from Entertainment Earth
Super 7 reveals huge line of new ReAction figures at New York Toy Fair 2018


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Watch Newsround
World's biggest floating Christmas tree lit in Brazil
4 Dec 20124 December 2012
Last updated at 12:13
To enjoy the CBBC Newsround website at its best you will need to have JavaScript turned on.
See the tree being lit.
A massive floating Christmas tree has been lit in the harbour of city, Rio de Janeiro.
The tree is listed as the biggest in the world by the Guinness book of world records.
It has 3.1 million light bulbs, is 85-metres high and weighs 542 tonnes.
There was an amazing six minute firework display when it was lit up as the start of the festive celebrations in the Brazilian city.
More than 100,000 people came to watch the show.
One of the spectators, Marcia Braune, said:
"It was the first time that I saw the lighting of this tree and I think it was really beautiful... I cried, I thought it was wonderful."
The Afghan children having to work instead of going to school
13 hours ago13 hours ago
Martin Luther King Day: Why people celebrate it
7 hours ago7 hours ago
Raducanu ready for Australian Open
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Q: Would an alien chestburster be classified as a parasite or as a hybrid? Aliens or Xenomorphs, form the Alien franchise go through several stages of development.
One of these is hard to define. The chest burster feeds on its host like a parasite,
Wiki - Parasitism

Parasitism is a type of non mutual relationship between organisms of different species where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host.

But its shape and form is determined by the host, like a hybrid.
Wiki - Hybrids

In general usage, hybrid is synonymous with heterozygous: any offspring resulting from the mating of two distinctly homozygous individuals

Which of these descriptions is most accurate? Can both be applied to the same creature? If not, then what sort of creature is a chestburster?

A: TL;DR: "Yes, both"

The question as written seems to imply - intentionally or not - that there is some sort of contradiction between the terms. But in biology, the two terms are fully orthogonal and not contradictory at all.

Parasitism is a type of non mutual relationship between organisms of different species where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host.

Based on that definition, chestburster is unquestionably a parasite. It feeds off of its host's body.
Hybrid has several possible definitions in biology, but in this case it probably is meant to be a taxonomic hybrid:

... offspring resulting from the interbreeding between two animals or plants of different species. (src: Keeton, William T. 1980. Biological science. New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-95021-2 page A9.)

While technically speaking, Xenomorphs are not part of sexual breeding process between the Queen and the host, the hybridization DOES occur via "Horisontal gene transfer" as per Xenomorph wikia.

Due to horizontal gene transfer during the gestation period, the Alien also takes on some of the basic physical attributes of the host from which it was born, allowing the individual Alien to adapt to the host's environment.

Therefore, you can validly call chestburster a hybrid depending on how narrow a definition of the term you pick, though a biologist might quibble with you (but most likely, they will agree)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


WITH that rather lacklustre conclusion, the latest ducks feature screeches to an end.
I really ought to thank Pastry for hosting my real-world musings for the past wee while. However, that would be redundant, as I didn't need permission to do so. If, on the other hand, you want to know all about my trip to London, I suggest that you flip over to Pastry, and read the top few posts. I might copy the text over and add some pictures, for the Holiday section, but you never know.
WELL, I hope you're having a nice time back at school, if, indeed, you are. I trust that you'll continue to have no respect for the senior management team. Remember, that's what they're paid for.
THERE'S a cornucopia of dreams that you may have been missing. Perhaps up to three posts. I'd check them now, as I believe one of them does fall into the vaunted category of Europe by Train. Because there's a train in it.


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Jānis Vanags (* 25. Mai 1958 in Liepāja) ist Erzbischof der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche Lettlands, die zum Lutherischen Weltbund gehört.

Biographie

Nach der Schulzeit studierte Jānis Vanags von 1976 bis 1982 Chemie an der Universität Lettlands und von 1984 bis 1989 am theologischen Seminar der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche Lettlands in Riga. Von 1982 bis 1985 arbeitete er als Chemielehrer an der Vilis Lācis-Schule (Rīgas 31. vidusskolā). Am 1. Dezember 1985 wurde er ordiniert und am 29. August 1993 zum Erzbischof seiner Kirche gewählt.

Bedeutung

In seine Amtszeit fiel die Reorganisation der Lutherischen Kirche Lettlands nach dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion. Neben der Rückgabe von Kirchengebäuden und deren Instandsetzung verfolgt Erzbischof Vanags einen konfessionell lutherischen Kurs seiner Kirche. Dies zeigt sich u. a. an der Rücknahme der Frauenordination. Mit der Wahl zum Erzbischof verwarf er die Ordination von Frauen mit der Begründung, sie sei mit der Bibel und den lutherischen Bekenntnisschriften nicht im Einklang und widerspreche diesen. Nach der Rücknahme der Frauenordination wurden Geldmittel seitens der lutherischen Landeskirchen in Deutschland gekürzt. Vanags unterhält enge Kontakte zur Lutherischen Kirche Missouri-Synode und zur Selbständigen Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche. Zwischen der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche Lettlands und der Missouri-Synode ist volle Kirchen- und Abendmahlsgemeinschaft festgestellt worden.

Kritik
Vanags ist in den liberalen Kirchen des Lutherischen Weltbunds (beispielsweise EKD-Landeskirchen, Schwedische Kirche, Dänische Volkskirche) umstritten, da er sich deutlich gegen die Ordination von Frauen sowie die im Westen vorherrschende liberale Theologie ausgesprochen hat. Diese Kritik wird von ihm jedoch mit der Begründung zurückgewiesen, dass die Lutherische Kirche Lettlands unabhängig sei und ihre Angelegenheiten selbst regelt.

Literatur

Weblinks

  deutsch
 Bericht in Welt-online von 1999
 Lebenslauf Janis Vanags auf der Website der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche Lettlands (lettisch)

Lutherischer Bischof (21. Jahrhundert)
Lutherischer Bischof (20. Jahrhundert)
Person (Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche Lettlands)
Erzbischof
Träger des Drei-Sterne-Ordens (Großoffizier)
Träger des Ordens des Marienland-Kreuzes (III. Klasse)
Lette
Geboren 1958
Mann
Bischof (Riga)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Kobra And The Lotus released their new song from Prevail II!
Kobra Paige has just announced the big news: soon to be released their new album, the title of Prevail II.
Earlier, they showed the list of songs and the album cover, as well the song "Losing My Hunamity" too.
Now another song came out from the album, which will be on the shelves of the stores on April 27th. This is Let Me Love You:
blog kobra and the lotus Kobra Paige let me love you new song News prevail ii wordpress
Tarja announced a joint tour with Stratovarius
MaYaN revealed their new album's cover and title


Remember the star trails I did last time? If you missed it, you can see it here. Here are the other photos from my camping trip. Obviously, I did not bring my camera along on the rafting trip, so there will be no photos from that. These photos was from around the campsite. I took both regular and HDR photos there. I hope you enjoy these!
If you want to see my star trails, you can see it here. There is also a tutorial on how you can do star trails on there too.
There were some baby ducklings in the pond near the campsite.
The duckling in the back was slightly blurred.
Can't tell if this was due to bad focusing or high ISO, but I thought the slight blur made a great effect for the photo. I suspect the blurring was bad focusing. Should have used AI SERVO on my camera instead of ONE SHOT.
Another shot of the ducklings.
Photography accessories for your camera!
American river, and a house in the background. I thought the golden color of the sun as it was setting for the day looked great on the house.
A photo of the sunset in Placerville. This was taken after the rafting trip on the way home.
The rest are the HDR compositions I made. In my option, they weren't very good subjects for HDR. LOL Please enjoy.
This is the pond the ducklings was swimming in. I don't think they are in this shot.
A shot of the American River. A 5-stop neutral density filter was used for the shot.
HDR composition of the house and the river. This time zoomed out a bit.
This is all the photos for this trip. I hope you have enjoyed those! Again, if you haven't checked out my star trails photo and instructions on how to do one yourself, you can see my post here. Please don't forget to share my blog posts with your friends! If you would like to get notifications next time I post, you can "Like" me on Facebook or follow me on Twitter and Google+. These links can also be found on the top of the right sidebar.
I noticed I have only been posting photos recently, and wanted to change things up a bit. For this post, I will be showing you all the photography equipment I have. :) This is most of my equipment and I usually carry all of it with me when I go on vacations to far places. I will usually skip over a few items if I'm only visiting nearby places depending on what I feel like shooting that day. I bring most of them to farther places when I visit because I don't know what to expect! No reviews of the products will be given here, but you can get an idea of what I bring and maybe what you are missing in your photography equipment collection. :) These photos do include the new 600EX-RT flash I purchased recently.
The first photo is of most of my equipment. My camera, tripod, and 1 of my lenses are not in the photo for obvious reasons.
Hoya Neutral Density Filters (9-stop and 5-stop filter).
Some lens cleaning cloths including a piece of chicken skin (which I bought in China), some random microfiber cleaning cloths, and a Nikon microfiber cleaning cloth.
Some one time use AAA batteries for my different remotes and my flashlight.
Extra LP-E6 Battery Pack for my camera.
Surprising how I can fit that much inside such a small camera bag right? LOL So now let's move onto the things that was not in that photo because I had to use my camera for that photo. The last 2 photos was taken using my Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
Here is a photo of the whole tripod with the camera on top. Photos also taken with my Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
So there you have it, most of the equipment I use and bring along for a photo shoot. :) It is very heavy. LOL Even though I have so much equipment, I can still quickly remember where I put it and quickly locate it in my bag. Sometimes I do hunt around a bit, but I usually don't. As a photographer, it's good to memorize where you store everything so you don't miss the perfect shot! As of right now, I actually don't have any space in my bag to store the flash. Not sure what changes I'll be making for that, but I bring most of these equipment along when I go on trips to far places. I most likely will probably just strap my flash to the outer part of my camera bag, the same way I'm storing my camera filters... If you read carefully, you'd know I usually cheap out and buy 3rd party equipment for all the parts that DO NOT affect optical quality! I never cheap out on lenses, batteries, or flash equipment... It's a very good money saving tip. :) Please don't forget to share my blog posts with your friends! If you would like to get notifications next time I post, you can "Like" me on Facebook or follow me on Twitter and Google+. These links can also be found on the top of the right sidebar.
I took a friend to Lake Chabot Regional Park a while back. Here are some photos from the trip. I didn't end up taking too many photos as it was too windy. Lake Chabot Regional Park is located in Castro Valley, California. If you are from the area, this park is a great exercise spot with lots of long trails! I hope you enjoy these photos!
I meant to do the photos from my white water rafting trip today, but I ended up uploading these. >.< Sorry, been having a lot on my mind lately with school and stuff. School has been very stressful for me, which is why I ended up uploading the wrong photos after such a big delay in my posts. Oh well, please enjoy these, and I will upload those photos next time!
Full Resolution Photos and Prints: If you want to see full resolution photos or buy prints of any of the photos you see, they are up on my portfolio for viewing. View my best photos from Lake Chabot Regional Park here. View all of my 2012 photos from Lake Chabot Regional Park here.
I'm not very sure on what flower this is. If anyone knows, please comment below!
Wild blackberries in the park. This is a close up photo of its flower.
This is a close up photo of the blackberry. These berries are edible once it turns black or almost black. These berries in the photo is not very ripe yet. They taste very good! :) I've ate them before. Generally, in the wilderness, you should never eat any berries you don't recognize! They may be poisonous. These berries, I do recognize, told to me by a park ranger it's safe, and tried before so I know it's safe.
I usually don't do portrait shots, but I thought the tree's shape looked really cool and shooting it in portrait was the only way to get the most out of it.
Some landscape of the lake.
This is all the photos for today. Hopefully I don't forget again, in the next post, I will have more photos from my white water rafting trip! I hope you have enjoyed these photos for today. Please don't forget to share my blog posts with your friends! If you would like to get notifications next time I post, you can "Like" me on Facebook or follow me on Twitter and Google+. These links can also be found on the top of the right sidebar.
Full Resolution Photos and Prints: If you want to see full resolution photos or buy prints of any of the photos you see, they are up on my portfolio for viewing. See my best backyard and at home photography photos from 2012 here. See all of my backyard and at home photography photos from 2012 here.
I hope you have enjoyed these cool photos. Again, sorry for the short post. :/ I promise there will be better photos next time! Please don't forget to share my blog posts with your friends! If you would like to get notifications next time I post, you can "Like" me on Facebook or follow me on Twitter and Google+. These links can also be found on the top of the right sidebar.


Will Long T-Shirts Make You Look Shorter?
When putting together an outfit, questions are common. This is especially true if you are trying a look for the first time. T- shirt lengths and what looks best is often questioned. Many people like long T-shirts because they feel that they cover a multitude of sins. Others prefer short T-shirts, because they feel like longer ones get in the way, restrict movement or look sloppy. It is important to know which looks better for you and what type of appearance a longer T-shirt will produce.
For those concerned with giving the appearance of height, a common question is will a long T-shirt make you look shorter? The answer is it depends on a number of factors. If you are wearing a long T-shirt as a dress or even with tight, dark leggings, a long T-shirt will not make you look shorter. Wearing long T-shirts as nightshirts or bathing suit cover-ups are also a great idea and will not alter the impression of height. However there are certain clothing combinations with long T-shirts that will make you look shorter.
If you choose to wear a long T-shirt with a contrasting bottom color, you run the risk of looking shorter and even over-emphasizing the things you are trying to hide with the T-shirt, like those few extra pounds. If you prefer to wear long t-shirts, try to match them in color to the pants you intend to wear them with to provide a more seamless, sleek look that will make you appear taller rather than shorter. If you absolutely must wear a contrasting bottom under your T-shirt, make sure it is fitted and dark in color, like leggings or a straight pencil-line shirt. It may help to project the image of the tee as a dress and make it appear less more flattering. It also pulls the look together better and is neater.
Another tip with long T-shirts is to ensure that your T-shirt is just long, not over-sized. Wearing over-sized T-shirts tends to look sloppy and emphasizes the fact that you are trying to cover up body flaws. Make sure the T-shirt fits your upper body well so that you do not appear lost in it. Do not tuck it in, as this defeats the purpose of the shirt and creates unnecessary bulk.
In general long T-shirts tend to work best on taller people. In fact if you are looking to cut the appearance of height, wearing a long T-shirt in a contrasting color to your pants or skirt will do so nicely. The illusion of height will be severed by the interruption in the line of the body. The longer T-shirt will also make your legs appear shorter than they actually are.
If you are ready to get some long T-shirts to put to work to your advantage, the best option is to order custom-made ones. You can choose the colors you want and have them printed with anything you want on them. You can have a tee that looks trendy, shows support for something you believe in and much more. Better still, that carefully chosen T-shirt will fit perfectly into your wardrobe and be ideal for correcting those body flaws we all have.


Keep your job for now and build your business for the future!
One of the most intimidating parts of going into business for yourself is quitting your current job. When you become a Sport Clips franchisee, we recommend that you keep your current career!
We have an outstanding Recruitment Program that'll help you find a great manager and excellent stylists to run the day-to-day operations. Sport Clips sponsors numerous scholarships and has worked with schools across the country to establish ourselves as a preferred employer. You'll never be alone or unprepared as you make hiring decisions.
You don't need to be onsite daily. You provide supervision, oversight and leadership on your own schedule.
The freedom to maintain your current employment affords you a steady income as the business grows. This provides you with reassuring stability. Built for multi-unit ownership, once your initial location is running successfully, we will help you open new ones. When the time is right and typically after you have three stores open, you can choose to leave your current career - making the exciting transition to full-time Sport Clips franchise owner!
We are expanding rapidly, and prime locations are still available. Don't delay... build a solid future with a strong work-life balance and financial independence as a Sport Clips franchisee.


What are my go-to staples in the kitchen? With the exception of olive oil and kosher salt, no pantry item is more essential to me than whole grain mustard.
When I was a kid I actually hated mustard, but that was because my exposure to it was the (in my opinion) not very pleasant neon-yellow hot dog mustard that lived on the door of our family refrigerator and was seemingly only enjoyed by my mother. It is to this day, one of only two foods in the world I will not eat (the other being sweet pickles). It mistakenly made it onto my McDonald's cheeseburger once at the mall food court when I was 8 and after one not very pleasant bite that was the last time I ever ate it – in fact I think that was the last time I ate a McDonald's cheeseburger for that matter.
It wasn't until I was fourteen and started working at a French bistro as an apprentice cook that my mustard world was changed forever. On one of my first days there, the chef had just made some duck and cranberry pate and offered me a taste, with a slice of cornichon (a tiny French pickle) and a dollop of what he said was mustard - but it was unlike any mustard I had ever seen. It was dark, thick, and speckled with grains of whole mustard seed. I was skeptical but popped the entire bite into my mouth.
The taste explosion was unreal – this was why I wanted to train to be a chef. It was a whole grain mustard from Dijon in France that came in a stoneware crock capped with a cork and sealed with red wax – a million miles away from the yellow bottle of Plochman's at home. This one bite changed all of my perceptions of food reality. This began my lifelong obsession with REAL mustard (and pickles for that matter, but that is another blog). This stuff was incredible! It was crunchy, it was tangy with vinegar and white wine, and it produced a strong nasal pop like horseradish. This was what mustard was supposed to be.
As I began to really dive into learning how to cook I quickly realized that mustard, in its various forms is in almost everything. Sure it is awesome on a sandwich or slathered on a brat but it is also the background player in so many things. It is for this reason that I am never without at least three different kinds of mustard in my pantry.
Want to know the secret to making really fabulous vinaigrettes? It's a couple teaspoons of mustard, with the vinegar, to add flavor and body, and help the oil to emulsify.
Mustard plays an important supporting role in any meatloaf I am making and it is the first thing I reach for when I am making a marinade for any meat or seafood. I use it as the base for glazes after I sear meats and fish either on the stove or the grill.
I use mustard like glue to make things stick (try searing lamb rack chops then brush them with whole grain mustard and roll in a mixture of bread crumbs, fresh chopped rosemary, and minced garlic before finishing them off in the oven.) I even add a couple tablespoons of coarse whole grain mustard to the liquid when I am making braised short ribs or beef stew.
To me mustard is the duct tape of the kitchen.
The secret weapon, the star player, or the supporting role – it is truly one of the most useful and essential pantry items there is.
What are some of your favorite ways to use mustard?


text:
Difference Between SpaceX and Starlink
By Chara Yadav / Fact Checked / Last Updated : January 19, 2023
Space transportation and communication services are all essential for research and future development as an aerospace manufacturer.
Business Quiz
Test your knowledge about topics related to business
This city has the highest cost of living in the world.
Geneva (Switzerland)
New York City (United States of America)
Tokyo (Japan)
Cash flow is:
Measured as time versus revenue
Is measured by output and input of hours
Money paid to employees
The movement of money into and out of a company
The six Ps are collectively known as the Marketing Mix. They are ways in which organisations differentiate themselves. They include
Product, Price, Promotion, Place, Planning and Process
Product, Price, Promotion, Place, Planning and People
Product, Price, Promotion, Place, People and Process
A person who risks both time and money to start and manage a business is called ___________.
Overachiever
Which country's currency is called the Baht?
SpaceX vs Starlink
What is SpaceX?
What is Starlink?
Main Differences Between SpaceX and Starlink
Elon Musk's private company SpaceX is responsible for this, and SpaceX's Starlink delivers internet connectivity to people all over the world. In reality, Starlink can be considered a unit of SpaceX.
The difference between SpaceX and Starlink is that SpaceX is a private organization that is an aerospace manufacturer, responsible for space transportation and communication services. On the other hand, Starlink runs by SpaceX and gives internet access to most of the world.
SpaceX is a private company founded by Elon musk that is responsible for aerospace manufacturing, space transportation, and communication services.
It was founded in 2002. Apparently, it also developed launch vehicles, rocket engines, dragon spacecraft, autonomous spaceport drone ships, starships, and Starlink.
However, the main goal was to reduce space transportation costs for the access to the colonization of Mars.
Starlink is a constellation of satellite internet that is operated by SpaceX and it provides access to the internet to most parts of the world. It has many satellites which also cover Lower Earth Orbit(LEO).
It is considered that it would cover most of the global population but it would need a license from each country to provide its service.
Definition SpaceX is a private company founded by Elon Musk in 2002. Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by SpaceX.
Founded/Launched SpaceX was founded in 2002. Starlink was launched in 2020.
Responsible SpaceX is responsible for the aerospace manufacturer, space transportation, and communication services, Starlink is responsible for providing access to the internet to most parts of the world.
Developed or launched SpaceX has developed Launch vehicles, rocket engines, dragon spacecraft, spaceport drone ships, starships, and Starlink. Starlink has launched 2,091 satellites till now.
Facilities SpaceX facilities include a manufacturing plant, research, and major operation test site, three launch sites, office spaces, mission control, and so on. Starlink provides satellite internet to underserved areas as well as urbanized areas.
SpaceX is an American private company founded by Elon Musk in 2002. The significant aim of SpaceX was to reduce space transportation costs and enable colonization on Mars.
Instead, it is known for aerospace manufacturing, space transportation, and communication services.
Apparently, it developed launch vehicles, rocket engines, dragon spacecraft, autonomous spaceport drone ships, starships, and Starlink.
Besides, the biggest achievement of SpaceX was the first privately funded liquid-propellant rocket to reach orbit around the Earth.
The achievement list of SpaceX is quite long as it was the first private to successfully launch, orbit and recover a spacecraft, and so on.
Even, it has sent astronauts to the International Space Station.
Moreover, it has developed three launch vehicles, as well as several rocket engines, have been developed for use in launch vehicles.
With that, the Dragon spacecraft of SpaceX is developed for transportation of cargo and astronauts to the International Space Station.
Additionally, starships are also developed that are fully reusable and super heavy-lift rockets. Last but not least, Starlink is also developed by SpaceX provides internet satellites across most parts of the world.
Furthermore, SpaceX has also been criticized for light pollution due to a large number of satellites as it was seen in both optical and radio wavelengths.
Even, there are dangers of space debris collisions due to the number of satellites.
Starlink is a constellation of internet satellites operated by SpaceX. It was launched in 2020 and almost 2,091 satellites have been launched till now.
Apparently, it was developed to provide access to the internet to most parts of the Earth. It is meant to be accessible by underserved areas as well as urbanized areas.
Constellation consists of mass-produced small satellites in Low Earth Orbit(LEO). Although it covers most parts of the world yet only those countries have licensed SpaceX to provide its internet services. As of now, it is only accessible by 25 countries only.
Moreover, it has launched 2,091 satellites into orbit and is planning to launch on the starship. This will eventually launch 400 satellites at once. SpaceX has approval for ground stations in five states of America, while Starlink uses the Ka-band to connect.
Furthermore, Stark received criticism and resistance due to many reasons, such as light pollution, space debris, United States federal funding, and customer service.
One of the reasons, Starlink received criticism was light pollution as the increasing number of satellites increased light pollution.
And several satellites in the orbit results in space debris which can be a risk as it can cause satellite collision and trigger Kessler Syndrome.
Being a part of SpaceX, Starlink is considered to be similar to SpaceX. However, SpaceX is a private company, while Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by SpaceX.
Aerospace manufacturer space transportation and communication is an essential factor for research and development on a broader aspect. Therefore, these services are continually being provided by SpaceX.
SpaceX is a private company founded by Elon Musk in 2002. Meanwhile, Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by SpaceX.
SpaceX was founded in 2002, while Starlink was launched in 2020.
SpaceX is responsible for the aerospace manufacturer, space transportation, and communication services. Meanwhile, Starlink is responsible for providing access to the internet to most parts of the world.
SpaceX has developed Launch vehicles, rocket engines, dragon spacecraft, spaceport drone ships, starships, and Starlink. Meanwhile, Starlink has launched 2,091 satellites till now.
SpaceX facilities include a manufacturing plant, research and major operation test site, three launch sites, office spaces, mission control, and so on, while Starlink provides satellite internet to the underserved areas as well as urbanized areas.
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=5VVDAAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=SpaceX&ots=OjCawtZfAC&sig=g_KPBw1HN-skMzEoveRg_8KcJTg
https://adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1982QJRAS..23..485D
Chara Yadav
My name is Chara Yadav, and my goal is to simplify finance-related topics. Read more at my bio page.
SpaceX vs Space Force – Difference Between SpaceX and Space Force
Difference Between SpaceX and NASA


text:
try:
    import json
except:
    import simplejson as json

from mongrel2 import tnetstrings

class Request(object):

    def __init__(self, sender, conn_id, path, headers, body):
        self.sender = sender
        self.path = path
        self.conn_id = conn_id
        self.headers = headers
        self.body = body

        if self.headers['METHOD'] == 'JSON':
            self.data = json.loads(body)
        else:
            self.data = {}

    @staticmethod
    def parse(msg):
        sender, conn_id, path, rest = msg.split(' ', 3)
        headers, rest = tnetstrings.parse(rest)
        body, _ = tnetstrings.parse(rest)

        if type(headers) is str:
            headers = json.loads(headers)

        return Request(sender, conn_id, path, headers, body)

    def is_disconnect(self):
        if self.headers.get('METHOD') == 'JSON':
            return self.data['type'] == 'disconnect'

    def should_close(self):
        if self.headers.get('connection') == 'close':
            return True
        elif self.headers.get('VERSION') == 'HTTP/1.0':
            return True
        else:
            return False

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
"I Did Not Miss Any, Only When I Had a Valid Reason": Accounting for Absences from Sociology Classes
In this study we explore how absence from sociology classes is understood by undergraduate students at University College Dublin. The authors use Scott and Lyman's (1968) concept of accounts to explore absence sociologically. Drawing on data generated via focus groups, an open-ended questionnaire, and an online survey with students, we outline the different excuses and justifications for missing classes used by students and present their understanding of attendance at classes as an optional feature of student life.
2014 Hans O. Mauksch Address: Neoliberalism and Higher Education: How a Misguided Philosophy Undermines Teaching Sociology
This article argues that neoliberalism is a critical public issue influencing the apparently private troubles of college students and teachers. For example, earning a college degree has become ever more important for success; yet, because of declining state support for public education, students are taking on extraordinary levels of debt. As a result, learning is being pushed aside by vocational and other considerations that result from neoliberal policy imperatives.
Everybody Eats: Using Hunger Banquets to Teach about Issues of Global Hunger and Inequality
Experiential and active learning exercises can benefit students in sociology courses, particularly, courses in which issues of inequality are central. In this paper, we describe using hunger banquets—an active learning exercise where participants are randomly stratified into three global classes and receive food based upon their class position—to enhance students' knowledge of global hunger and inequality. The nonprofit Oxfam America has made hunger banquets popular, but they are usually large public events.
Graduate Student Teacher Training: Still Relevant (and Missing?) 20 Years Later
Twenty years ago, Pescosolido and Milkie (1995) reported that 50 percent of U.S. and Canadian sociology graduate programs offered formal teacher training. Despite pronouncements that offerings have increased substantially, no similarly thorough and direct investigation has been published since. In this time of dramatic change and increasing scrutiny of higher education, graduate teacher training is arguably more important than ever before. Thus, we seek to provide a new baseline of teacher training in the discipline. Using a 2013 survey of U.S.
Why Worry about Evolution? Boundaries, Practices, and Moral Salience in Sunni and Evangelical High Schools
Previous work on conservative Protestant creationism fails to account for other creationists who are much less morally invested in opposition to evolution, raising the sociological question: What causes issues' moral salience? Through ethnographic fieldwork in four creationist high schools in the New York City area (two Sunni Muslim and two conservative Protestant), I argue that evolution is more important to the Christian schools because it is dissonant with their key practices and boundaries.
Early Behavior Problems Impact Long-Term Educational Attainment More for Boys than Girls
A new study finds that behavioral problems in early childhood have a larger negative effect on high school and college completion rates for boys than girls, which partially explains the substantial gender gap in educational attainment that currently exists in the United States.
ASA Applauds Supreme Court's Ruling to Uphold Affirmative Action Program at University of Texas
The American Sociological Association (ASA) applauds the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling today in the affirmative action case Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin. The judgement allows the university to continue using race as a factor in admissions decisions.
The Contingent Effects of Mental Well-being and Education on Volunteering
Mental health or well-being provides individuals with an enhanced agentic capacity for formal volunteering. However, this capacity may be realized more effectively through the structural resources for volunteering provided by education. Analyzing white respondents from the 1995-2005 National Survey of Midlife Development Panel Study (N = 1,431), we examine the contingent effects of mental well-being and education on the probability of formal volunteering.
Does the Center Hold? Reflections on a Sociological Core
Is there a distinct disciplinary core (or foundation of agreed on knowledge) in sociology? Should we define a core in our broad field to build consensus? If so, what should it look like? We address these questions by presenting three viewpoints that lean for and against identifying a core for department curricula, students, and the public face of sociology. First, "There really is not much, if any, core." Second, sociology is "a habit of the mind" (a sociological imagination). Third, key content of a sociological core can be identified using a long or short list.
The Center Does Hold: The Sociological Literacy Framework
This article provides a critique and an addition to observations raised by Ballantine et al. in this issue. After reviewing the strengths of Ballantine et al.'s article about the need for a core in sociology, I argue that this debate has gone on long enough and needs to be reframed around areas of agreement.
(-) Remove Biology and Sociology filter Biology and Sociology