text:
Surgical interventions during pregnancy due to nontumor-like lesions and non-malignant and malignant genital cancers
Dobrosława L. Sikora-Szczęśniak
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Head of the Department, Mieczysław Szatanek, Poland
Maciej Szczesniak
DOI: 10.15761/JTS.1000351
Aim: The aim of study was to evaluate the results of treatment in pregnant women with various pathologies and benign neoplasms of the genital organs which required surgical management.
Material and methods: A retrospective analysis covered medical records of 33 pregnant women hospitalized in 1998-2017 operated on for pathologies affecting genital organs. The following parameters were assessed: age of patients, gestational age at the time of treatment, type of treatment, intraoperative histopathological diagnosis, and further course of pregnancy.
Results: Gynecological pathologies were diagnosed in 33 out of 44 (75%) pregnant women undergoing surgical operations/procedures in the 20-year period. Those included one case of pre-invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix in early pregnancy, two cases of mucous cystadenoma of borderline malignancy detected intraoperatively on histopathological examination. In 25 women, internal pathologies were operated on by laparotomy, and in two women by laparoscopy. Vaginal procedures and operations, i.e. ovarian and peri-salpingeal cyst punctures and cervical amputations were performed in 3 and 1 patient respectively. Serous, follicular, and corpus luteum ovarian cysts were the most numerous (11-33.3%) in the group of gynecological diseases. Operations for diseases and injuries of external genital organs were performed in 2 women. One of the women had a miscarriageon the 4th day after gynecological surgery. Another one left the Department with her pregnancy intact on the second day after surgery and did not report for further consultation. There were 3 (9.7%) premature births in 31 of 33 pregnant women operated on for gynecological diseases.
Conclusions: Surgical treatment in pregnancy due to genital disorders should be individualized, taking into account clinical symptoms, gestational age, results of imaging and laboratory examinations, and the woman's preferences. Surgical treatment due to gynecological diseases in pregnancy is associated with the risk of complications for the patient and obstetric failures such as miscarriages and premature births.
ovarian tumors, ovarian carcinoma, pregnancy
Cervical cancer is the most frequent malignancy in pregnancy with the incidence of 0.8-15.5 / 10, 000 pregnancies. If cervical cancer is suspected in pregnancy, diagnostic cervix conization is recommended between 14 and 20 hbd [1]. Neoplastic lesions in the adnexa occur in 0.5-2.2% pregnant women [2], and ovarian malignancies in 1 out of 15, 000-32, 000 pregnancies [3].
Some reports estimate the incidence of ovarian cancer as 1 per 10, 000 -100, 000 pregnancies [4-8]. In the studies cited by Ngu et al. ovarian cancer in pregnancy was diagnosed in 1 per 5, 000-1 per 47, 000 live births. However, the authors themselves reported these changes as 1 per 10, 000 live births [9].
Ovarian cancer is the most frequent among ovarian malignancies detected in pregnant women (49-75%), diagnosed in 1 per 15, 000-32, 000 pregnancies. The incidence of gonadal malignancies is 9-16%, and germinal tumors 6-40% [7,10,11].
The occurrence of ovarian malignancies and borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) in pregnant women varies from 2-3% to 2.15-13%. BOT-types are usually found in women at reproductive age; on average at the age of 38-45 years [4,6,8,11-13]. Among ovarian tumors, BOTs occur in 21 to 35% cases [5,7]. However, among ovarian cancers, they occur in more than 2/3 cases [14]. According to WHO, the basic criterion for borderline tumor is the absence of destructive invasion of the stroma [15].
Surgical treatment in pregnant women should be individualized, taking into account clinical symptoms, gestational age, results of imaging and laboratory investigations, and women's preferences. According to the literature, laparoscopy was the preferred technique in women with ovarian cysts of <10-cm in diameter, and laparotomy in the cysts of >10-cm in diameter [9]. However, laparoscopy performed in the first trimester of pregnancy may pose a greater risk to the fetus [16]. Ngu et al. did not find any significant differences in obstetric outcomes between the groups of women operated on before 20th hbd by laparoscopy and laparotomy due to pathological changes in the appendages [9]. Some authors preferred laparotomy, though [17].
The most common cause of surgery undertaken in pregnancy are pathologies in the adnexa. Most of them are ovarian tumors diagnosed in 1 per 1, 000 pregnancies [18]. Surgical treatment in pregnancy is recommended in the second trimester if it is possible at all. This is often due to the resorption of the lesions that were detected on ultrasound examination in the first trimester of pregnancy, e.g. luteal and tekaluteine cysts, when the progesterone production is taken over by the placenta, and after the completion of organogenesis [19].
In addition, ovarian endometriomas tended to decrease in size during pregnancy [20].
Complications associated with genital disorders in pregnancy include torsions and ruptures that may result in hemorrhage or evacuation of the cyst content to the peritoneal cavity, which is dangerous for a woman in the case of malignancy (possible progression of cancer) or dermoid cyst (possible chemical peritonitis) [21,22]. Surgical removal of adnexal cysts allows for the avoidance of acute complications such as torsion, ovarian cyst rupture, and delayed diagnosis of malignant disease [23].
The torsion of the appendages concerns mainly women at reproductive age. The right adnexa are more often (67-71%) twisted than on the left side. Currently, the incidence of ovarian cyst torsion is estimated at 2-7% [24]. The twist of the fallopian tube itself may be associated with hygromas or peri-salpingeal cysts which can also be twisted. Samborska et al. noted that among serous cysts of the adnexa found during Cesarean section, 61% were peri-salpingeal cysts, which are usually serous cysts. They are mentioned as one of the etiological factors likely to result in salpingeal torsion during pregnancy [25,26].
Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is a rare complication of pregnancy in which both ectopic pregnancy (EP) and intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) coexist. Clinical symptoms of HP are atypical, while about 50% of patients with HP may have no symptoms in the early period. Therefore, an early and accurate diagnosis is often difficult [27-30]. An important role in the diagnosis is transvaginal USG. However, based on the literature reviews from 1971-1993 and 1994-2004 approximately 59% and 74% of HP cases were not confirmed until after surgery respectively [31]. The treatment options include the removal of ectopic pregnancy by laparotomy or laparoscopy aside the transvaginal aspiration of ectopic embryo. However, treatment experience is limited as HP is a very rare pathology [32].
Uterine myomas occur in about 25% of women at procreation age [33]. In the last decades, the fertility period of women has extended. It is also more common to make decisions about having the first and next baby at the later age. The above-mentioned phenomena affect the increased incidence of ovarian malignancies and uterine myomas in pregnant women [34,35]. Many authors have noted increased occurrence of uterine myomasin pregnant women aged over 35 [36,37].
In the period from 1998 to 2017 in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Regional Specialist Hospital in Radom, Poland there were 36, 671 deliveries, including 26, 490 natural deliveries (72.2%), and 10, 181 (27.8%) by Caesarean section. The analysis included 33 pregnant women who underwent gynecological operations due to diseases affecting their genital organs.
Gynecological diseases (33 cases out of 44) accounted for 75% surgeries performed in pregnancy. Tables 1-4 show respectively:
Table 1. Surgical interventions in pregnancy [N=33] (1x-lateral peri-salpingeal cysts coexisting with uterine body myomas;
1xx–coexisting left peri-salpingeal cyst with ovarian cyst; 1XXX–coexisting peri-salpingeal cyst with 3-fold torsion of the fallopian tube;
1XXXX–release of adhesions and reposition of retrograde uterus)
Type of surgery
Cyst puncture of left ovary
Left salpingectomy
Excision of peri-salpingeal cyst
Puncture of pari-salpingeal cyst
Myoma (i): - excision
Amputation of uterine cervix
Excision of cyst from Bartholin gland
Hematoma of labia
Adnexectomy
Left salpingectomy with cyst removal
Excision/enucleation of ocarian cyst
- exploratory surgery
Evacuation of hematoma
n=11
Lower medline incision
Lower pararectus incision
Pfannenstiel incision
Vaginal route
Table 2. Histopathological results in cases of treatments and surgery in women who underwent surgery during pregnancy (N=33). 1X- bilateral cysts; 1XX- surgery after delivery:- Cystadenofibroma ovarii dex
Type of surgery/procedure
N= 5
Enucleation of ocarian cyst
and peri-salpingeal cyst (left)
Puncture of the ovarian cyst (right)
Salpingectomy (left)
Perisalpingectomy
Puncture of peri-salpingeal cyst
Exploratory laparotomy
Myomectomy. Amputation
Cystectomy. Evacuation of hematoma
Histopathological diagnosis
Mucous cystadenoma of the ovary with a focus of borderline malignancy
Mucous cystadenoma, cystoma, mucous cyst
Luteal cyst
Dermatoid cyst of the ovary
Serous, luteal cyst(s)
mucous cystoma
1 XX
Endometrial cyst
Heterotopic pregnancy
Torsion of the fallopian tube with peri-salpingeal cyst
Myoma (i) of the uterus
Preinvasive tumor of the uterine cevix
Cyst of the Bartholin gland
Post-traumatic hematoma of the labia
Table 3. Age of patients and gestational age on the operation day/day of treatment and delivery (N=31/33)
Age of the pregnant woman
(N=33)
Gestational age on the day of surgery
Gestational age on the day of delivery
Table 4. The list of operations and treatments due to non-neoplastic changes and genital diseases in each trimester of pregnancy (N=33)
Trimester on the day of surgery
N (%).
Excision/enucleation of cyst from
ovaries (n=1)
ovary (n=10)
Puncture of right ovarian cyst
Excision of the left ovary
Myoma ( i ): - excision
Amputation of the uterine cervix
Hematoma of the labia
Trimester I
N=13 (39.4%)
Trimester II
N=18 (54,5%)
Trimester III
N=2 (6.1%)
- type of surgical operations/procedures performed,
- results of postoperative histopathological examinations,
- age of patients and gestational age on the day of surgery and delivery,
- list of operations and procedures with account for trimesters of pregnancy.
Diagnostic tests providing insight view into genital organs included ultrasonography and, if necessary, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is characterized by high sensitivity and can be performed at any stage of pregnancywithout gadolinium [38,39]. The highest frequency of cyst detection in the ovaries was noted in the first trimester of pregnancy. Szczepańska et al. diagnosed ovarian tumors (96.5% cases) in the first trimester of pregnancy [17].
Cancer markers CA-125 antigen, α-fetoprotein, lactate dehydrogenase, and ß-HCG have little diagnostic value as they are elevated in physiological pregnancy, especially in the first trimester [11,14]. Also, in diagnostically difficult cases, laparoscopy which itself is a surgical treatment may be diagnostically used, too.
Preoperatively, one case of preinvasive carcinoma of the cervix was diagnosed. Cervical conization was performed in a 20-year-old woman in 7th hbd of her first pregnancy. Due to intrauterine infection of the fetus and marginal placenta previa the pregnancy was terminated in 35th hbd by Caesarean section. A newborn male was born, weighing 2990 g, scoring 7 on Apgar scale.
Intraoperative histopathological examination found 2 cases of mucous cystadenoma of borderline malignancy. Both patients underwent laparotomy from midline incision. One woman aged 30, pregnancy II, 14th hbd, underwent right adnexectomy. She gave birth (natural delivery) at 40th hbd to a son, body weight 3900 g, 10 Apgar score. The other patient, a 32-year old, pregnancy I, had left adnexectomy in 16th hbd. She gave birth by Caesarean section to a son, weighing 2, 480 g at 38th hbd, Apgar score 10, with signs of intrauterine dystrophy. On Caesarean section right appendages were inspected and turned out to be intact. Swabs were taken from under the diaphragm dome, and the omentummajus resected. Further exploration of the peritoneal cavity found smooth liver, extra-peritoneal lymph nodes normal, and other abdominal organs appeared normal on palpation.
Among 32 out of 33 operated pregnant women, 1 (3.0%) had a miscarriage. In the group of 31 out of 33 women preterm delivery was recorded in 3 (9.7%) cases.
Surgeries in pregnancy were carried out by:
- laparotomy-in 25 (75.6%) cases
- laparoscopy-in 2 (6.1%) cases
- vaginal route-in 3 (9.1%) cases
- transabdominal cyst puncture-in 1 (3.1%) case.
Other operations were performed in 2 (6.1%) of pregnant women. In two cases (6.1%) laparotomy was performed after conversion from laparoscopy. In one case in a 36-year-old woman, pregnancy IV, 12th hbd the decision to operate on was made because of the macroscopically suspicious cyst, which eventually turned out to be a cyst of the corpus luteum. In the other case, ectodermal cyst and serous cystoma of the left ovary were detected in a 28-year-old pregnant woman, pregnancy I, 7th hbd, transition to laparotomy occurred after the detection of multiple adhesions in the pelvis minor. Laparotomy was performed in 18 (54.5%) patients, and laparoscopy in 1 (3.0%) case.
Right ovarian cyst, 80 x 60 mm, displaced to the Pouch of Douglas was punctured in one (3.0%) case, in a 22-year-old woman, 14th hbd, pregnancy I. Under general anesthesia, a needle was inserted into the cyst, USG -guided, approached from the vaginal fornix, and about 230 ml of serous fluid evacuated from the cyst, which was sent for histopathological examination. Ovarian cysts were found again during hospitalization in 36th hbd due to threatening preterm delivery. She delivered naturally after 40th hbd. A baby-girl was born, body weight 3960 g, Apgar score 10. The mother and the baby were discharged from the Ward on the third day after giving birth. Three months later the cyst in the right ovary, 57 x 39 mm was excised by laparoscopy. Intra- and postoperative histopathology confirmed right ovarian cyst – Cystadenfibroma, fragment of the left ovary-Cystis follicularis ovarii. She was discharged from the Ward on the second day after surgery.
The results of postoperative histopathological examinations are presented in Table 2.
Ovarian tumors (20 cases-60.6%) were the main cause of pathologies of the genital organs. In this group the most numerous were serous cysts (7 cases-35%), mucous cystadenomas, cystoma and mucous cysts (5 cases-25%). Among them, two cases of borderline mucous cystadenomas constituted 10% of ovarian tumors and 6.1% of genital pathologies requiring surgical treatment followed by dermoid cyst (4 cases-20%), cyst of the corpus luteum (3 cases-15%), and endometrioma (1 case-5%).
Incarceration of the gravid uterus with acute urinary retention and coexisting ectodermal cyst of the right ovary required surgery (in a 28-year-old woman in 14th hbd). It was related to the history of past laparotomy at the age of 18, the enucleation of the left ovarian dermoid cyst, and resection of the right ovary fragment. In addition, during the operation the adhesions of the left ovary to the sigmoid fixing the uterus in the pelvis minor were detected. The ovarian cyst was resected, adhesions released, and the pregnant uterus dislodged from the pelvis minor. After surgery, further course of the pregnancy was uneventful. In 40th hbd the patient gave birth to a son (natural delivery), body weight of 2970g, Apgar score 10.
Adnexal torsion (3-fold) accompanied by ovarian serous cyst was detected in 2 cases, and 1-fold twist in 2 cases: in the patient in 9th hbd, pregnancy V, with the presence of a serous cyst in the right ovary, and in 7th hbd, pregnancy I, with a cyst of the corpus luteum in the left ovary and coexisting peri-salpingeal cyst.
Ovarian (left) rupture was recorded in 2 pregnant women: the one in 18 hbd, pregnancy III, with cysts os the corpus luteum in both ovaries, and the other in 9 hbd with 3-fold torsion of the left appendages.
Peri-salpingeal mucous cysts (6 cases-18.2%) were the second reason for surgeries in the group of 33 pregnant women. Laparotomy and laparoscopy were performed in 3 and 1 patient respectively, peri-salpingeal cysts were punctured in two patients.
In a 26-year old patient, 14th hbd, the peri-salpingeal cyst of 93 x 88 mm was punctured in the operating room conditions. Puncture needle was inserted into the posterior vaginal fornix, and approximately 100 ml of blood-streaked serous fluid evacuated. The delivery by Caesarean section was decided in 39th hbd due to cephalopelvic disproportion. On Caesarean section, bilateral cysts were dissected (histopathological examination confirmed Cystis cilioepithelialis). The mother and her newborn male, body weight of 3420 g, Apgar score of 10 were discharged from the Ward on the 6th day after giving birth.
In a 26-year-old female patient, 17th hbd, pregnancy I, trans-abdominal puncture was performed twice. Right peri-salpingeal cyst of 150 mm in diameter was punctured and a total of 510 ml of serous fluid evacuated. The Caesarean section was performed in 35th hbd due to the premature rupture of the amniotic sac. On Caesarean section, a right-sided peri-salpingeal cyst was dissected (histopathological examination confirmed Cystis serosa perisalpingealis et fimbriae oviducti). A male, body weight of 2410 g, Apgar score of 7 with features of prematurity and intrauterine infection was born. He was discharged from the Ward on the 14th day after birth weighing 2510 g.
Torsion of peri-salpingeal cyst was noted in 2 cases. One, in a patient in 37th hbd, pregnancy II, a 1-fold peri-salpingeal cyst was dissected and Caesarean section performed. In the other case, in the patient in 13th hbd a 3-fold twisted peri-salpingeal cyst and the left fallopian tube were excised.
In the case of an 11-week heterotopic pregnancy (HP) ultrasound examination detected ectopic pregnancy in the left fallopian tube and bleeding into the peritoneal cavity. The left fallopian tube and the ectopic pregnancy were removed by laparotomy from the lower median incision. Histopathological examination confirmed the fallopian tube widened up to 30 mm, and the 22-mm fetus in its lumen. The further course of her pregnancy was uneventful. The patient delivered naturally (pregnancy III) in 37th hbd.
Three pregnant women (9.1%) were operated on for uterine myomas. In two cases myomectomy was performed. In one patient, coexisting ovarian tumor was suspected, and exploratory laparotomy performed. Other 2 (6.1%) women were operated on for the cysts of the Bartholin gland and vulvar hematoma.
Operative procedures performed during pregnancy are associated with the risk of pregnancy loss, premature delivery, and fetal immaturity. However, in acute conditions detected in genital organs, the decision about surgical treatment should be made immediately. The goal of treatment is to avoid complications associated with postponed surgery or disease progression in the case of cancer [21].
Cervical preinvasive cancer at the initial stage of invasion was diagnosed in early pregnancy. According to the standards of cancer management in pregnant women, oncological consultation of the patient, including histopathology and colposcopy took place at the Oncology Center, Institute in Warsaw [1]. Cervical conization was recommended and performed at 7th hbd. Histopathological examination confirmed Carcinoma planoepithelialepraeinvasivumtypusprogrediens cum invasion punctate superficialisfocalis, Condylomaplanum. The pathological region was removed with healthy margins.
Moreover, the postponement of surgery in the case of ovarian cancer can lead to complications such as torsion or rupture of ovarian cysts complicating the further course of pregnancy and endangering the patient's health and life [16,23,40]. The best period for surgical treatment in pregnancy, including laparoscopy, is the second trimester, up to 23rd hbd. In the presented material 54.5% patients underwent surgical treatment (Table 4). After this period, the chance of resorption of the ovarian cyst diagnosed in the first trimester decreases. The risk of miscarriage as well as unfavorable effects on the fetus due to the surgery are smaller. On the other hand, surgery after this period is associated with a greater risk of preterm delivery [16,23].
Punctures of adnexal cysts were performed in 3/27 women by abdominal or vaginal route and constituted 11.1% of adnexal pathologies requiring surgery. There was one case of preterm delivery. The aspiration of simple ovarian cysts during pregnancy is a safe procedure and may prevent the need for surgical intervention. However, in some cases it may appear ultimate option. Depending on the cyst location, the procedure may be performed by vaginal or abdominal route [24,41,42].
In the reviewed meta-analyses, benign neoplasms constituted 90% of ovarian tumor surgeries. The most frequent among them were mature teratomas (23-37%), and mucous, serous, and endometrial cystadenomas (8-37%) [7,11,42,43]. Also, in the presented material benign ovarian pathologies accounted for 90% of the operated ovarian tumors. Among 18 pregnant women operated on for benign ovarian tumors and in one case of cyst puncture, there were 4 cases of mature teratomas (22.2%), which was close to 23-37% presented in the literature. Similarly, the frequency of luteal cysts (16.7%) ranged within 7-22% of non-malignant tumor presented in the literature. In contrast, a total of 61.1% were mucous cystadenomas, cystomas, mucous and serous cysts, and endometrial cyst (Table 2) [7,11,43,44]. Acute urinary retention due to retained retroverted uterus and coexisting dermatoid ovarian cyst are rare complications of pregnancy.
The presented case of endometrial cyst of the right ovary, 60 mm in diameter was noted in a 27-year-old patient who underwent surgery in 22th hbd, pregnancy III. In pregnancy those cysts tend to resorb (seen on USG). Rapid regression helps confirm benign nature of the observed lesion [20]. The high level of progesterone in pregnancy, temporary cessation of menstrual cycles, and the induction of apoptosis are probably the main causes of endometrios regression [45,46].
The analysis of the material revealed a 1-fold torsion of the appendages in two cases with left ovarian cyst and peri-salpingeal cyst, a 3-fold adnexal torsion in two pregnant women with right and left ovarian cysts, the torsion of the left fallopian tube with a peri-salpingeal cyst, and right peri-salpingeal cyst.
The review of our material found the torsion of adnexal structures differed from the published data. In our material it was 66.7% detected on the left side. Among 27 adnexal lesions, there were 6 (22.2%) cases of torsion. In one case the luteal cyst of the left ovary coexisted with a peri-salpingeal cyst. In other cases, they were ovarian serous cysts and per-salpingeal cysts.
Clinical symptoms of HP are atypical, while ca. 50% of HP cases may be asymptomatic in the early period. Therefore, early accurate diagnosis is often difficult [28-30]. Transvaginal ultrasound examination is essential in the diagnosis. However, based on literature reviews from 1971-1993 and 1994-2004 it was estimated that approximately 59% and 74% of HP cases respectively went undiagnosed before surgery [31,32]. In addition to the removal of ectopic pregnancy by laparotomy or laparoscopy, the management options included transvaginal aspiration of the ectopic embryo. However, as HP is very rare the treatment experience is limited [32].
In the presented case of HP, the pregnancy was conceived naturally, and was the sixth in turn after two natural deliveries and three miscarriages (including one gestational trophoblastic disease). Its occurrence was estimated as 1 in 36, 000 births, which is similar to the value presented in the literature (1 in 30, 000 births).
Pregnancy failure in the form of miscarriage after the operation of twisted cyst of the right ovary was associated with a 2-week postponement of surgery, as the woman left the Ward after the diagnosis of her own volition. The operation was not performed until the patient's next hospitalization. Premature births in 31/33 women operated on in pregnancy were reported in 3 (9.7%) cases.
According to current studies monitoring the health of the babies whose mothers underwent surgeries under general endotracheal anesthesia in pregnancy diseases were diagnosed in two (6.5%) cases. A 32-year old pregnant woman, pregnancy II underwent laparotomy in 17th hbd for right ovarian mucous cystoma. Her baby daughter born in 38th hbd, natural delivery, suffers from bronchial asthma diagnosed as early as 3 months after birth. The other 28-year old patient in her third pregnancy was operated on in 18th hbd for bilateral lutein cysts of the ovaries. Her second delivery was natural, and it took place after 40th hbd. Until the age of 10, the daughter's development was uneventful. Tetraparesaspastica manifested in puberty. Those diseases in newborns can hardly be related to negative effects of surgery during pregnancy. Nationwide monitoring of the health status of babies whose mothers underwent surgery in pregnancy would provide an answer to this question and therefore seems to be justified.
Postoperative monitoring of pregnant women who underwent surgical treatment in pregnancy due to malignant tumors, including borderline-types should be obligatory. It is especially important as the patients have been operated on during pregnancy and have undergone fertility-sparing surgery. In our material, two pregnant women were monitored postoperatively, one of them delivered naturally, and the other by Caesarean section. There are no data in the literature indicating the reasons for removal of the ovary and uterus left after giving birth to the planned number of children.
1. Surgical treatment in pregnancy due to genital disorders should be individualized, taking into account clinical symptoms, gestational age, imaging and laboratory results as well as woman's preferences.
2. Surgical treatment in pregnancy is associated with the risk of complications for the patient and obstetric failures such as miscarriages and premature births.
Muller CY, Smith HO (2005) Cervical neoplasia complicating pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 32: 533-546.
Marino T, Cralgo SD (2000) Managing adnexal masses in pregnancy. Contemp Ob Gyn 45: 130-137.
Goffinet F (2001) Ovarian cysts and pregnancy.J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)30: S100-108. [Crossref]
Aggarwal P, Kehoe S (2011) Ovarian tumours in pregnancy: a literature review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 155: 119-124.
Marret H, Lhomme C, Lecuru F, Canis M, Lévčque J, et al. (2010) Guidelines for the management of ovarian cancer during pregnancy.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol149: 18-21. [Crossref]
Kondi-Pafiti A, Grigoriadis C, Iavazzo C, Papakonstantinou E, Liapis A, et al. (2012) Clinicopathological characteristics of adnexal lesions diagnosed during pregnancy or cesarean section.Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol39: 458-461. [Crossref]
Oehler MK, Wain GV, Brand A (2003) Gynaecological malignancies in pregnancy: a review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 43: 414-420.
Pavlidis NA (2002) Coexistence of pregnancy and malignancy.Oncologist7: 279-287. [Crossref]
Ngu SF, Cheung VY, Pun TC (2014) Surgical management of adnexal masses in pregnancy.JSLS18: 71-75. [Crossref]
Mukhopadhyay A, Shinde A, Naik R (2016) Ovarian cysts and cancer in pregnancy.Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol33: 58-72. [Crossref]
Giuntoli RL 2nd, Vang RS, Bristow RE (2006) Evaluation and management of adnexal masses during pregnancy.Clin Obstet Gynecol49: 492-505. [Crossref]
Casanova J, Maciel R, Ferreira V, Fernandes E, Rodrigues RM (2013) Borderline Ovarian Tumor during Pregnancy: A Case Report.Case Rep Obstet Gynecol2013: 160319. [Crossref]
Oduncu FS, Kimmig R, Hepp H, Emmerich B (2003) Cancer in pregnancy: maternal-fetal conflict.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol129: 133-146. [Crossref]
Cavaco-Gomes J, Moreira CJ, Rocha, Mota R, Paiva V, et al. (2016) Investigation and management of adnexal masses pregnancy. Scientifica (Cairo). 3012802.
Tavassoli FA, Devilee P (2003) World Healt Organization classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the breast and female genital organs. Lyon. IARC, France: IARC Press; 2003.
Weiner E, Mizrachi Y, Keidar R, Kerner R, Golan A, et al. (2015) Laparoscopic surgery performed in advanced pregnancy compared to early pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 292: 1063-1068.
Szczepalska M, Rajewski M, Skrzypczak J (2011) The management of ovarian tumors in pregnancy and perinatal outcome.Ginekol Pol82: 265-271. [Crossref]
Hermans RH, Fischer DC, van der Putten HW, van de Putte G, Einzmann T, et al. (2003) Adnexal masses in pregnancy.Onkologie26: 167-172. [Crossref]
Zanetta G, Mariani E, Lissoni A, Ceruti P, Trio D, et al. (2003) A prospective study of the role of ultrasound in the management of adnexal masses in pregnancy.BJOG110: 578-583. [Crossref]
Pateman K, Moro F, Mavrelos D, Foo X, Hoo WL, et al. (2014) Natural history of ovarian endometrioma in pregnancy.BMC Womens Health14: 128. [Crossref]
21.Glanc P, Salem S, Farine D: Adnexal masses in the pregnant patient: a diagnostic and management challenge. Ultrasound Q 24: 225-2
Dobroslawa L, Sikora-Szczesniak, Szczesniak G, Sikora W (2006) Leczenie nowotworów germinalnych i gonadalnych jajnika na oddziale ginekologiczno-polozniczym. Current Gynecologic Oncology 11: 949-958.
Agarwal N, Parul, Kriplani A, Bhatla N, Gupta A (2003) Management and outcome of pregnancies complicated with adnexal masses.Arch Gynecol Obstet267: 148-152. [Crossref]
Condous G, Khalid A, Okaro E, Bourne T (2004) Should we be examining the ovaries in pregnancy? Prevalence and natural history of adnexal pathology detected at first-trimester sonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 24: 62-66.
Samborska M, Sipak-Szmigiel O, Engel K, Ronin-Walknowska E (2007) Adnexal masses diagnosed during cesarean section in the material of Department of Feto-Maternal Medicine of Pomeranian Medical University in years 1977-2007. Klin Perinatol Ginekol 43: 68-70.
Ergenoglu M, Yeniel O, Peker N (2011) Peri-salpingeal torsion during pregnancy - case report. Ginekol Pol 82: 287-290.
Perkins KM, Boulet SL, Kissin DM (2015) Risk of ectopic pregnancy associated with assisted reproductive technology in the United States, 2001-2011. Obstet Gynecol 125: 70-78.
Talbot K, Simpson R, Price N, Jackson SR (2011) Heterotopic pregnancy.J Obstet Gynaecol31: 7-12. [Crossref]
Yu Y, Xu W, Xie Z, Huang Q, Li S (2014) Management and outcome of 25 heterotopic pregnancies in Zhejiang, China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 180: 157-161.
Sun SY, Araujo JE, Elito JJ, Rolo LC, Camparharo FF, et al. (2012) Diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the first trimester of pregnancy: a case report. Case Rep Radiol 317592.
Barrenetxea G, Barinaga-Rementeria L, Lopez de Larruzea A, Agirregoikoa JA, Mandiola M, et al. (2007) Heterotpic pregnancy: two cases and a comparative review. Fertil Steril 87: 417.e9-15.
Li JB, Kong LZ, Yang JB, Niu G, Fan L, et al. (2016) Management of Heterotopic Pregnancy: Experience From 1 Tertiary Medical Center.Medicine (Baltimore)95: e2570. [Crossref]
Ligon AH, Morton CC (2000) Genetics of uterine leiomyomata.Genes Chromosomes Cancer28: 235-245. [Crossref]
Kowalska-Koprek U, Kus E, Berner-Trabska M, Nawarra D, Kulik V, et al. (2004) Huge uterine myoma complicated the pregnancy in 47-year old pregnant woman. Case report and review of the literature. Prz Menopauzal 4: 53-55.
Mogos MF, Salihu HM, Aliyu MH, Whiteman VE, Sultan DH (2013) Association between reproductive cancer and fetal outcomes: a population-based study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 23: 218-226.
Abu-Heija AT, Jallad MF, Abukteish F (2000) Maternal and perinatal outcome of pregnancies after the age of 45.J Obstet Gynaecol Res26: 27-30. [Crossref]
Ziadeh SM (2002) Maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparous women aged 35 and older.Gynecol Obstet Invest54: 6-10. [Crossref]
Kasai M, Koh B, Hanabusa K, Nakamura T (2015) Fetal effects of laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy. Jsgoe 30: 391-395.
Yumi H (2008) Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and use of laparoscopy for surgical problems during pregnancy: This statement was reviewed and approved by the Board of Governors of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), September 2007. It was prepared by the SAGES Guidelines Committee. Surg Endosc 22: 849-861.
de Bakker JK, Dijksman LM, Donkervoort SC (2011) Safety and outcome of general surgical open and laparoscopic procedures during pregnancy. Surg Endosc 25: 1574-1578.
Knudsen UB, Tabor A, Mosgaard B, Andersen ES, Kjer JJ, et al. (2004) Management of ovarian cysts.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand83: 1012-1021. [Crossref]
Caspi B, Ben-Arie A, Appelman Z, Or Y, Hagay Z, et al. (2000) Aspiration of simple pelvic cysts during pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 49: 102-105.
Hoover K, Jenkins TR (2011) Evaluation and management of adnexal mass in pregnancy.Am J Obstet Gynecol205: 97-102. [Crossref]
Yacobozzi M, Nguyen D, Rakita D (2012) Adnexal masses in pregnancy.Semin Ultrasound CT MR33: 55-64. [Crossref]
Meresman GF, Auge L, Baranao RI, Lombardi E, Tesone M, et al. (2002) Oral contraceptives suppress cell proliferation and enhance apoptosis of eutopic endometrial tissue from patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 77: 1141-1147.
Davis L, Kennedy SS, Moore J, Prentice A (2007) Modern combined oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 18: CD001019.
Terry Lichtor
Tsuyoshi Hirata
Shinya Mizuno
Giacomo Corrado
Received: September 06, 2019
Accepted: September 20, 2019
©2019 Dobrosława L Sikora-Szczęśniak. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Dobrosława L Sikora-Szczęśniak (2019) Surgical interventions during pregnancy due to nontumorlike lesions and non-malignant and malignant genital cancers. J Transl Sci 6: DOI: 10.15761/JTS.1000351.
Dobrossawa L. Sikora-Szczssniak
Gynecological Ward. Radom, Poland, Radomski Specialist Hospital, 26-610 Radom, Tochtermana, Poland


text:
The Global Importance of ACEA 2021
Topics: Passenger Cars
it is difficult to think of many industries that are not impacted by some level of globalization. This is especially true for the automotive industry, with millions of vehicles in use far from where they were designed.
The European Union (EU) is the second largest regional manufacturer of passenger vehicles, producing one out of every four cars worldwide. Even though many vehicles are destined for sale within the EU, one third are exported to other markets across the world including the United States, China, Japan, South Korea and Australia to name a few.
While millions of EU-manufactured vehicles are located in different countries and different climates across the globe, one thing that remains constant is the engine lubricant requirement.
Since their introduction in 1996, the ACEA Oil Sequences have prescribed the minimum quality level of service-fill oils demanded by the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA) members for use in their vehicles; wherever in the world they may be located.
April 2021 saw a major upgrade with the release of ACEA 2021 Light Duty Oil Sequences, incorporating performance changes required by the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) together with the replacement of key tests from ACEA 2016.
The ACEA 2021 upgrade takes into account key trends happening in the vehicle parc and introduces two categories (ACEA A7/B7 and ACEA C6) for high-performance engines, with important new tests including Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI), chain wear and turbocharger deposits. ACEA 2021 also replaces four old tests with more up-to-date engine tests to better reflect the technologies and hardware being used in today's vehicle parc across the world.
What does ACEA 2021 mean in practice for different parts of the world, such as China, Australia and North America?
In China, European vehicle OEMs represent more than 20% of the passenger car market, meaning a large proportion of the market requires ACEA performance level engine lubricants. With the implementation of China 6a (effective January 2021) and China 6b (July 2023), China is acknowledged as having one of the most stringent emission standards in the world. The ACEA 2021 Oil Sequences play an important part in enabling a successful implementation of China 6; delivering lubricants that effectively reduce engine wear, prevent LSPI, reduce ash build-up and avoid blockage of the gasoline particulate filter (GPF) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems.
In Australia, the passenger vehicle parc with diesel applications continues to grow, especially in the Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) sector. With the significant presence of European OEMs, the ACEA Oil Sequences are important to ensure the lubricant delivers the latest levels of performance and durability demanded by the ACEA members for their vehicles.
In North America, while the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF categories meet the needs of North American OEM engine technologies, they do not fully address the durability requirements of the European OEMs. Lubricants meeting the ACEA Oil Sequences help bridge this gap, delivering the minimum performance levels demanded by the OEM for their engines and aftertreatment systems.
For the lubricant marketer, ACEA 2021 Light Duty claims are possible from the 1st May 2021. New ACEA 2016 claims can continue to be made until 1st May 2023, and all claims after this date must conform to ACEA 2021.
The Heavy Duty Oil Sequence document is anticipated for release during the second half of 2021.
With millions of EU passenger cars being exported each year, the global recognition and relevance of the ACEA Oil Sequences has never been higher.
The ACEA 2021 Light Duty Engine Oil Sequences play a very important part in the ongoing drive to improvements in lubricant performance, and provide a new baseline for the next generation of OEM specifications. Surpassing, rather than just meeting, the rigorous performance demands of the ACEA 2021 upgrade enables oil marketers to increase their brand value by delivering higher-performing engine lubricants that provide additional protection and performance benefits to light duty vehicles around the world.
For more information on the anticipated ACEA 2021 upgrade for light-duty engines, please contact your Lubrizol representative.
Discuss this article on LinkedIn

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The 2020 Constitutional Court Law amendments: a 'gift' to judges?
Indonesia at Melbourne - September 3, 2020
Simon Butt – On 1 September, Indonesia's national legislature (DPR) passed amendments to the Constitutional Court Law. This statute, which has now been amended three times since its enactment in 2003, covers many aspects of the functioning of this Court, including its jurisdiction and the appointment and dismissal of its judges.
Well-regarded Indonesian legal academic, research and advocacy groups came together to form the so-called 'Save the Constitutional Court Coalition' to protest these amendments in the leadup to and after their enactment, claiming that they reflected vested interests and would damage the Court.
Some even claimed that the amendments reflect political interests – more specifically, that the amendments were a 'gift' to the Court's judges, intended to persuade them to side with the government and the legislature when they review controversial legislation. The Court is hearing a challenge to the widely-condemned amendments to the 2002 KPK Law and will no doubt be asked to review the "omnibus bill" on job creation, once enacted.
Critics have also argued that the amendments did not follow proper legislative processes. They point out that the amendments were – like many controversial bills the legislature has enacted recently, including the KPK Law amendments – not included on the list of legislative priorities and were deliberated very quickly.
The Constitutional Court Law amendments were deliberated for only two days in Commission III of the legislature despite 121 questions for discussion being raised by the government, before being put to a plenary session, where all party factions endorsed them. The timing of the amendments was certainly strange: it is unclear why the legislature decided to enact them in the midst of a devastating pandemic, given that there seemed no urgent need. The process also lacked transparency and public participation.
It is easy to see why the amendments might be seen as a 'gift' to Constitutional Court judges. The amendments certainly do provide judges – particularly serving judges – with various advantages. For one, the chief justice and deputy chief justice now serve five-year terms, doubling their previous term of 2.5 years. (As before, they can be reappointed once to their respective positions.)
The minimum age for Constitutional Court judges has also been lifted from 47 to 55, with the mandatory retirement age remaining at 70. In the past, judges could not be appointed if they were 65 or above, but this restriction was removed. Some have speculated that this change is aimed at facilitating the removal of some younger, and perhaps more legally adventurous, judges from the Court.
But one of the transitional provisions of the amendments dispels this theory. This provision states that judges serving when the amendments are passed can remain on the bench until they are 70, regardless of their current age or age when appointed. There is only one caveat: judges cannot serve on the Court for more than 15 years.
While these provisions are very beneficial to serving judges, raising the minimum age does constitute a significant barrier to entry onto the bench. In this context, it bears noting that some of the Court's most highly esteemed judges joined the Court when they were under 55, including the first and second chief justices of the Court – Jimly Asshiddiqie and Mahfud MD – former Chief Justice Hamdan Zoelva, and serving judge Saldi Isra. The amendments would have precluded them from serving on the Court when they did, although presumably they could have taken up a position on the Court later in their careers.
Perhaps the most significant amendment relates to the term of office for all Constitutional Court judges (whether chief justice, deputy chief justice, or not). The Court comprises nine judges, with the legislature, executive and Supreme Court nominating three positions each. Previously, these judges served five-year terms. Once their terms expired, they left the bench unless reappointed for a further (and final) second term by their nominating institution (or one of the other nominating institutions).
Under the amendments, once appointed, Constitutional Court judges now cannot be removed until they turn 70, unless they meet the conditions for dismissal (which include neglect of duties and misconduct).
Of course, claims of judicial negligence or misconduct might be manufactured by politicians who want to remove particular judges, but another amendment makes this difficult. The only body with power to investigate and remove Constitutional Court judges for misconduct is the Constitutional Court Honour Council, which enforces the Court's Code of Ethics.
Under the old rules, the Council was made up of representatives from all three nominating institutions – the legislature, executive, and Supreme Court – as well as a Constitutional Court judge and a member of the Judicial Commission. The amendments have removed all three nominating institution representatives from the Council: it now comprises only a Constitutional Court judge, a member of the Judicial Commission, and a legal academic.
The government and legislature have, therefore, erased their own formal powers to be involved in removing Constitutional Court judges. Even if members of this Council can be persuaded to side with political players seeking removal, it is now unclear whether the Council can, in fact, issue any sanctions against Constitutional Court judges. This is because the amendments also appear to have removed the provision that had set out the sanctions the Council can issue against errant judges, including dismissal. It is, therefore, possible to read these amendments as removing the power of the Council to dismiss judges for misconduct altogether.
If the legislature intended the amendments as a strategy to guarantee judicial loyalty, then the strategy appears to have backfired. Far from seeking to influence or control the Court by giving the 'gift' of tenure, the legislature and government have insulated the Constitutional Court judges from any retribution they may wish to exact for unfavourable decisions.
If anything, the amendments have given too much independence to Constitutional Court judges. It seems imprudent to weaken accountability measures for a court that has had two of its judges convicted for corruption over the past several years.
Ironically, one of the only ways these amendments can be wound back is to challenge their constitutionality before the Constitutional Court itself. However, if past decisions are anything to go by, the Court is unlikely to invalidate provisions that allow it to escape outside scrutiny. We can only hope that the honest and capable core of the Court is able to hold sway, to ensure the continued responsible exercise of the Court's considerable powers.
[Professor Simon Butt is a senior associate of the Centre for Indonesian Law, Islam and Society. He is also an ARC Future Fellow and associate director for the Centre for Asian and Pacific Law at The University of Sydney. The author thanks Miftah Fadhli for help in researching this piece.]
Source: https://indonesiaatmelbourne.unimelb.edu.au/the-2020-constitutional-court-law-amendments-a-gift-to-judges
Criminal Justice & Legal System
Another landmark ruling
Jakarta Post Editorial - January 17, 2023
Indonesia: New Criminal Code assaults rights
Human Rights Watch Statement - January 12, 2023
Man faces death sentence for alleged possession of 42 kgs of meth
Jakarta Globe - January 12, 2023
Jokowi faces lawsuit over Constitutional Court chief justice replacement
Tempo - January 6, 2023
Indonesia's new penal code: A setback for Indonesian democracy
Fulcrum - January 4, 2023
How Indonesia's adultery ban is enforced, as illustrated by prosecutor and lawyer's alleged affair
Coconuts Jakarta - January 3, 2023
Sex outside marriage ban tests Indonesia's relationship with democracy
CNN - December 30, 2022
Law and Human Rights Ministry grants 14,057 inmates Christmas remission
Indonesia's bid to woo investors complicated by 'sex ban' code
Al Jazeera - December 23, 2022
Under Indonesia's new criminal code, rights groups fear more women will be forced to marry their rapists to escape prosecution
ABC News - December 23, 2022
Indonesia's new Criminal Code leads to conflict with US
Hundson.org - December 21, 2022
Politics and Islam bring Indonesian compromise on criminal code: Analysis
Student rally in Jakarta depicts Jokowi as horse drawn buggy driven by oligarchy
Suara.com - December 20, 2022
Criminalising sin? Indonesian society not as conservative as elites imagine
Fulcrum - December 19, 2022
Govt asserts no overlapping rules between new Criminal Code and other laws
Interview: This Criminal Code damages Indonesia's reputation
Indonesia's new penal code revisions don't just threaten sexual freedoms
Global Voices - December 15, 2022
Workers rally in Central Jakarta against new Criminal code, Omnibus Law
Kompas.com - December 15, 2022
Indonesia introduces article on cohabitation in new Criminal Code to foreign press
Suddenly, with its new criminal code, Indonesia is a democracy in crisis
Crikey.com - December 14, 2022
UN letter on Criminal Code too Late: Deputy Minister
'Bali as usual': Officials race to contain panic over new criminal code
Lemhanas on new Criminal Code: Indonesia needs to assert its autonomy
EU looks into Indonesia's controversial Criminal Code
Indonesia summons UN official after criticism of new laws
Reuters - December 12, 2022


In March 2015, the federal government published final regulations amending investment rules under the Pension Benefits Standards Regulations, 1985 ("Regulations"). These reforms apply to federally registered pension plans and to pension plans registered in provincial jurisdictions that have adopted Schedule III of the Regulations, as amended (the "Federal Investment Rules" or "FIR").
As we previously reported, proposed amendments to the Regulations were released on September 19, 2014 for public comment. The final Regulations contain a number of important changes that address specific concerns raised by industry stakeholders during the consultation period.
In this FTR Now, we discuss these important pension investment changes.
Pension benefits standards legislation across Canada generally includes a requirement that pension fund assets be invested prudently. For pension plans subject to the federal Pension Benefits Standards Act ("PBSA"), the FIR also impose additional quantitative investment restrictions and specific investment rules. Pension plans registered in Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador or Saskatchewan ("Specified Jurisdictions") are also subject to the FIR because the FIR have been expressly adopted by reference into the pension benefits standards legislation in these jurisdictions.
Subject to enumerated exceptions, the Federal Investment Rules currently prohibit plan administrators from investing or lending more than 10% of a plan's assets in an entity or any associated or affiliated entities.
Effective July 1, 2016, a number of changes are being made to the "10% limit" rule. First, the 10% limit will change from a "book value" to a "market value" measurement of a plan's assets. The rule has also been revised to clarify that it applies to the total amount of a plan's debt and equity investment. Exemptions to the 10% limit will continue to be available, with some modification as noted below.
The new market value 10% limit test is to be measured when investments or loans of plan moneys are made. In other words, the new rules do not impose a duty to monitor compliance on a scheduled basis (e.g. at month end).
The 10% limit will also be applied to "member choice accounts," i.e. a defined contribution ("DC") account within a plan where the member directs the investment of his or her account. Exemptions to the 10% limit will apply to member choice accounts as well.
The existing related party rules allow an administrator to invest the moneys of a plan in the securities of a related party if the securities are purchased on a public exchange listed in the FIR. This important exemption is being eliminated effective July 1, 2016. However, a new exemption will allow an administrator to invest in a related party indirectly thorough an investment fund or segregated fund in which investors other than the administrator and its affiliates may invest (i.e. a widely available investment fund) and that complies with the 10% rule and the 30% rule (or in respect of member choice accounts, an investment fund or segregated fund that complies with the FIR 30% rule).
currently the FIR permit an administrator to enter into a transaction with a related party if the transaction is required for the operation or administration of the plan and if it is under terms and conditions that are not less favourable to the plan than market terms and conditions. This exception will be revised such that there is no longer a requirement that the transaction be required for the operation or administration of the plan but it will prohibit the lending or investing of the plan's money under this exemption.
The proposed Regulations released last Fall contemplated the elimination of the current exemption from the related party rules which permit an administrator to enter into a transaction with a related party if the value of the transaction is nominal or immaterial. However, in response to concerns that the proposed elimination would result in significant administration burdens, the final Regulations retained these exemptions.
Administrators will have until July 1, 2021 to comply with the new related party provisions (i.e. five (5) years from July 1, 2016). The FIR also provide a five (5) year compliance window in cases where the related party rules are contravened as a result of a transaction entered into by someone other than the administrator. This could occur in conjunction with a corporate transaction.
Effective April 1, 2015, SIPPs for federally regulated plans are no longer required to address a plan's investments relating to member choice accounts. Due to the structure of the FIR, this change does not apply to Ontario registered pension plans.
These changes to the FIR will require administrators of plans registered under the PBSA or Specified Jurisdictions to review their plans' investments for compliance with the new rules. Even if a plan is already compliant with the new rules, the plan's SIPP will likely need to be amended and changes to investment manager agreements may be required. The new rules relating to member choice accounts will require administrators of plans which hold DC accounts invested by members to put in place monitoring processes for the investments held in member choice accounts.
As a final note, the 2015 Federal Budget, "Strong Leadership: A Balanced-Budget, Low-Tax Plan for Jobs, Growth and Security," undertakes to hold public consultations on the "30% rule." This could lead to further reform of that investment rule.
If you have any questions regarding implementation of these significant reforms, please contact any member of Hicks Morley's Pension, Benefits and Executive Compensation group.
 A new definition for "marketplace" includes all investment platforms in recognition that pension plan investments may be bought/sold not only on public exchanges, but also on quotation and trade-reporting systems and other platforms.
 A new definition of "investment fund" will replace the definitions of "mutual fund" and "pooled fund." As defined, an investment fund includes pooled funds and mutual funds whether created as corporations, trusts or limited partnerships and, in general terms, provides for the pooling of investments with unitholders holding a proportionate interest in the assets of the fund.
 The current 30% rule generally prohibits an administrator from investing in securities of a corporation to which are attached more than 30% of the votes that may be cast to elect the corporation's directors.
 Related parties include the plan administrator, a person responsible for holding or investing the assets of the plan, any employer who participates in the plan, any entity that holds a substantial investment in the employer, affiliate corporations, and corporations that are directly or indirectly controlled by a person who otherwise falls within the definition of related party, in addition to other listed persons.


A website security check is an absolute must these days. If you haven't experienced an infiltration yet, a WordPress hack is just around the corner.
Even if your website does not use the world's most popular content management system (CMS), WordPress, you may still be vulnerable, so you should try to prevent hacking by using as many resources as you can.
WordPress is great in many ways, but a few seconds of inattentiveness or neglect could cause you weeks, if not months, of grief, not to mention loss of revenue.
For starters, you should always ensure that your WordPress website is up to date. Whether you do it yourself, or you pay someone to keep an eye on updates & implement them for you, updates are non-negotiable – a MUST-DO!
However, there are times when even an updated WordPress website can become vulnerable to hackers.
We have had two clients hacked in the past 12 months. This caused massive disruptions, with one client losing their MANY, valuable number one rankings (for about a month), and the other had hundreds of thousands of broken backlinks generated, throwing stats & reports all out of whack.
One hack was the well-known "Pharma Hack", and the other was… well, who knows. It was a bit of a dud, but still managed to do damage.
The problem with a lot of these hacks is that you often don't find them until it's too late. That is why we highly recommend using a website security check monitoring service to keep an 'eye' on your website.
To this end, we have recommended Sucuri for website security monitoring for some time now. Since they have been on board, they have thwarted several attacks, as well as cleaned up the mess left behind by hackers.
Depending on which package you buy (we suggest the "Professional" package), your site will be monitored once to several times per day, & if suspicious files are detected, they will be removed & the site cleaned.
There are a couple of other methods we may be able to use to help thwart "brute force" hacks as well.
This is what can also happen if your site is hacked, and Google picks it up before you do. How do you think this would look to prospective customers?
If you need more information, please get in touch, but I urge you all to sign up to Sucuri for some peace of mind. It's the old story: it may not happen to you, but if it does, you'll wish you had done something beforehand.


text:
De Nationale Legislatuur van Soedan (Arabisch: المجلس التشريعي السوداني, Al-Maǧlis al-Ttašriyʿiy; Engels: National Legislature) is het parlement van Soedan en bestaat uit twee Kamers:

Nationale Vergadering (Al-Maǧlis al-Waṭaniy) - lagerhuis, 426 leden;
Raad van Staten (Maǧlis al-Wilāyāt) - hogerhuis, 32 leden.

Na de staatsgreep van 11 april 2019 is de Nationale Legislatuur door de overgangsregering ontbonden, nadat deze al in een eerder door dictator Omar al-Bashir in februari van dat jaar buitenwerking was gesteld. Het overgangsregime heeft de Nationale Legislatuur voorlopig vervangen door de Voorlopige Wetgevende Raad. In 2022 vinden er algemene verkiezingen plaats in Soedan en zal de Nationale Legislatuur naar verwachting weer worden hersteld.

Ambtsbekleders

Externe links
 Officiële website Nationale Vergadering (gearchiveerd 12-04-2010)
 Officiële website Raad van Staten (gearchiveerd 09-06-2018)

Politiek in Soedan
Wetgevende macht

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Guyana Squash Association (GSA) is all set to host the Caribbean Area Squash Association Junior Championships (CASA) which runs from July 1 – 9 with ongoing rehabilitation works at the two main venues expected to host the championships.
Vice – president of the GSA, David Fernandes, told Stabroek Sport that the GSA is working in conjunction with the National Sports Commission (NSC) and the management of the Georgetown Club squash court to have the city venues in ideal shape for the championships which will commence in three weeks' time.
"We are working in partnership with the National Sports Commiss-ion (NSC) to do some small renovations to the National Racquet Center which will be one of the places hosting the tournament. The other location is where we are currently, which is the Georgetown Club, so we are also in partnership with the Georgetown Club to actually renovate this court and the facilities here as well," Fernandes revealed.
Teams are expected to arrive in Guyana on July 1, to take full advantage of the newly renovated facilities in a bid to halt Guyana's 12-year run as junior champions.
That task, however, will not be an easy one since Fernandes revealed that Guyana is pressing to stretch their success at the championships to 13 straight years.
"Our squad is currently in training, as you can see we have a number of kids in the Under 11s who are currently training on the court [at the Georgetown Club]," Fernandes said, pointing to the early morning effort being put in by the juniors to defend their crown.
The championships, however, are expected to attract in excess of 100 athletes, parents, and coaches who will be challenging to dethrone the locals.
Guyana, by virtue of hosting the tournament, sits in an advantageous position to field as many players as necessary.
This, according to Fernandes, places little pressure on the association to name a squad. A few familiar faces, though, are expected to beef up Guyana's defence during next month's assignment.
"Because we are hosting at home, we don't have to pick a team to go to the tournament. We actually get to identify players who the exposure will be good for them and allow them to play in the individuals at least.
The likes of Abosaide Cadogan, Taylor Fernandes, Shomari Wilshire, Makeda Harding, Kirsten Gomes, Madison Fernandes, Daniel Islam and Alexander Cheeks are expected to walk away with major placings.
Squash in Guyana a success story but….


Buying a home can be a confusing process. Especially when it comes to picking the right mortgage for you. This is something that your mortgage loan originator (MLO) can help you with. To give you a head start at understanding the different types of loans, I am going to share the basics of each loan type. Note: The eligibility and requirements for loans is on a lender-to-lender basis.
Conventional, Fixed Rate: Conventional loans offer some great perks. Down payments as low as 3%, however, if you make a 20% down payment, you don't have to purchase mortgage insurance. Mortgage insurance is cancelable when home equity reaches 20% and mortgage insurance is offered at a lower cost compared to FHA loans. The minimum required credit score is 620. Conventional loans allow for all occupancy types, including primary residence, second home, and investment properties.
FHA: An FHA loan is the most common loan type, especially among new home buyers. The minimum down payment required is 3.5% of the purchase price. However, some institutions offer special programs that can lower your down payment. Your total monthly mortgage payment cannot exceed 30% of your gross monthly income. You must have consistent employment for 2 years and verifiable income. Eligible properties for an FHA loan are a home with 1-4 units, a condominium unit, or a manufactured home that sits on a permanent foundation. These loans require mortgage insurance which helps protect the lender from losses due to defaults on mortgage loans.
FHA 203(k): This is a renovation loan. Say you want to buy a fixer upper or the home you wish to purchase is not exactly in its glory, this would be the loan for you. It adds the cost of repairs into the loan amount so you don't have to have the cash on hand for the fix-ups. Some of the repairs that can be included in this loan are roofs, flooring, basement/attic finishing, plumbing, electrical, bathroom/kitchen modernization and window/door replacement. FHA 203(k) loans require a minimum of $5,000 in needed repairs but have no maximum limitations. The repairs need to be quoted and executed by a licensed contractor.
VA (Veterans Affairs): VA loans do not require a down payment and limits your closing costs. VA loans also do not require you to purchase mortgage insurance although some implement a funding fee. There is no penalty to pay the loan off early. You must be the personal occupant of the home, have sufficient income and suitable credit. There are many other eligibility requirements for VA loans. To find out if you qualify, contact your MLO.


There is no shortage of information available about dental care. Stay informed on the best and latest dental care practices. Keep reading to learn the best way to utilize all of the information given to you.
Brush your teeth two times a day. The ADA recommends this frequency, so you need to heed their advice. Brushing your teeth should be a part of your daily routine that you don't even have to think about. You should also floss your teeth regularly.
Toothbrushing should last at least for two minutes. It takes that long to thoroughly clean all the crevices where plaque may develop. There should be plenty of time each morning along with at night to properly clean your teeth to not have a build-up of plaque.
Look around for different dentists if you are anxious and want to find one that makes you comfortable. Look for dentists who have great patient reviews, with a common theme being how at ease they help you feel. A good bedside manner will help you feel comfortable on your next visit.
You should never snack on ice for any reason. This can cause cracking in your teeth, allowing bacteria to get in and produce cavities. Be aware of the types of foods you are eating and how they will effect your teeth to avoid problems. If you've cracked a tooth, make an appointment to visit your dentist as soon as possible.
Most teenagers out there are pretty lazy when thinking about their dental care. Tell your teen that no one wants to smell their stinky breath. It can be quite motivational because people's opinions of them is important to them.
How are you feeling? Can you use these tips for better teeth? You know how to care for them now and you can do it. Use these tips and find your dental hygiene success.
Healthy teeth require much care. The following article will discuss dental care with you. The health of your mouth is an important factor in your overall level of comfort and health. Take the time to keep it healthy. Read on for some useful tips and advice.
To find an affordable dentist, try looking a couple places first. Dental schools are an option if you are uninsured and money is extremely tight. You should not let financial problems get in the way of your dental hygiene and go see a dentist at least twice a year.
If you're nervous about going to the dentist, research some of them ahead of time. Read reviews and choose a dentist with a good bedside manner. It is important you feel comfortable and relaxed during appointments.
If you have some anxiety when you're being worked on by a dentist, learn a few deep breathing techniques. Practice the technique on a regular basis. You will find the whole experience to be more relaxing.
The way you hold your toothbrush plays a major role in whether you are properly brushing your teeth or not. You should always try to keep your toothbrush at an angle. Next, move it around in a circular fashion. Avoid brushing with too much force to prevent gum irritation.
Your teeth can make you look old. See a restorative dentist if you have broken, discolored, or crooked teeth. A bad smile may make you look older. You can improve your appearance by seeing a dentist regularly and adopting a good hygiene at home.
You will have a gorgeous smile if you have healthy gums and teeth. Implement the advice you've just learned in order to keep your teeth healthy and bright for years to come. Though the trouble may not seem worth it, you are building a healthy smile daily.
Practicing proper dental care doesn't have to be hard at all. It tends to be overwhelming from time to time. This is a great article that can help a lot! The tips here are going to make you a pro at caring for your teeth, and you'll have a beautiful smile, too.
Make sure you brush your teeth two times a day. Any respectable dentist will tell you the same thing about how to care for your teeth. Make sure that you're brushing your teeth daily, so you can be sure that you're doing the right thing to take good care of your mouth. You should also floss your teeth regularly.
Always use a soft-bristled toothbrush of the right size for your mouth for best results when brushing your teeth. To prevent dangerous bacteria from forming on your toothbrush, let it air dry when you are not using it. Set it in a toothbrush holder or cup to keep it upright so air can circulate.
Try to limit the amount of sugary or acidic foods you eat. The sugar and acid can do lots of damage to your teeth, even if you brush regularly. Whenever you do indulge in sugary treats, eat them as part of a meal. You can also protect your teeth by brushing as soon as you can after eating.
It's important to brush your teeth soon after every meal. Do not wait too long or plaque will have time to form on your teeth. Brushing within 30 minutes of finishing a meal will limit plaque-related damage to your teeth. You will experience a lifetime reduction in dental problems.
You should be much better informed about your dental obligations now that you have read this piece. There is a lot more information you could learn, but this is just the beginning. Use what you've learned from thus advice to create a smile others can envy.


text:
<?php

namespace Magento\ConfigurableProduct\Model\Product\Type;

class VariationMatrix
{
    /**
     * Generate matrix of variation
     *
     * @param array $usedProductAttributes
     * @return array
     */
    public function getVariations($usedProductAttributes)
    {
        $variationalAttributes = $this->combineVariationalAttributes($usedProductAttributes);

        $attributesCount = count($variationalAttributes);
        if ($attributesCount === 0) {
            return [];
        }

        $variations = [];
        $currentVariation = array_fill(0, $attributesCount, 0);
        $variationalAttributes = array_reverse($variationalAttributes);
        $lastAttribute = $attributesCount - 1;
        do {
            $this->incrementVariationalIndex($attributesCount, $variationalAttributes, $currentVariation);
            if ($currentVariation[$lastAttribute] >= count($variationalAttributes[$lastAttribute]['values'])) {
                break;
            }

            $filledVariation = [];
            for ($attributeIndex = $attributesCount; $attributeIndex--;) {
                $currentAttribute = $variationalAttributes[$attributeIndex];
                $currentVariationValue = $currentVariation[$attributeIndex];
                $filledVariation[$currentAttribute['id']] = $currentAttribute['values'][$currentVariationValue];
            }

            $variations[] = $filledVariation;
            $currentVariation[0]++;
        } while (true);

        return $variations;
    }

    /**
     * Combine variational attributes
     *
     * @param array $usedProductAttributes
     * @return array
     */
    private function combineVariationalAttributes($usedProductAttributes)
    {
        $variationalAttributes = [];
        foreach ($usedProductAttributes as $attribute) {
            $options = [];
            foreach ($attribute['options'] as $valueInfo) {
                foreach ($attribute['values'] as $priceData) {
                    if (isset($priceData['value_index']) && $priceData['value_index'] == $valueInfo['value']
                        && (!isset($priceData['include']) || $priceData['include'])
                    ) {
                        $valueInfo['price'] = $priceData;
                        $options[] = $valueInfo;
                    }
                }
            }
            $variationalAttributes[] = ['id' => $attribute['attribute_id'], 'values' => $options];
        }
        return $variationalAttributes;
    }

    /**
     * Increment index in variation with shift if overflow
     *
     * @param int $attributesCount
     * @param array $variationalAttributes
     * @param array $currentVariation
     * @return void
     */
    private function incrementVariationalIndex($attributesCount, $variationalAttributes, &$currentVariation)
    {
        for ($attributeIndex = 0; $attributeIndex < $attributesCount - 1; ++$attributeIndex) {
            if ($currentVariation[$attributeIndex] >= count($variationalAttributes[$attributeIndex]['values'])) {
                $currentVariation[$attributeIndex] = 0;
                ++$currentVariation[$attributeIndex + 1];
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I bought A8 Max. I must change imei number. Because our customs very strict. Can you help me?
Before any action is recommended to make full backup.
How to restore IMEI. *#06# call to view your IMEI. The IMEI is inside the body of the smartphone.
Looking for the tab "Telephony" and then choose "GPRS"
Alternately select SIM1 and SIM2, enter IMEI and press "WRITE IMEI"
Restart your device and IMEI on the spot!


Halloween is coming up faster than you think: time to dust off the gravestones and the zombie lawn decorations! This year you may want to add a little something extra to give the trick-or-treaters a bit of a thrill. Using motion detectors and an Arduino you can trigger lights, fans, or even an pneumatically controlled cleaver-wielding clown to help add your house to the "if you dare" list.
There are different types of motion detectors. Some work by sensing sound, some send out light and sense when the beam is broken or reflected back. Another kind is known as the Passive Infared Motion Detector or PIR. These sense the infared radiation emitted by all objects above absolute zero. When something passes in front of a PIR sensor it detects the change in background temperature and then triggers an output voltage. This voltage can be read by an Arduino digital input and then the Arduino can act upon it.
The PIR Motion Sensor on the left is made by Parallax and sold by Radio Shack. The one on the right comes from Sparkfun. The difference between the two is important to note: The Sparkfun PIR has an open collector output — this means that the sensor requires a pullup resistor so that the output is always high, and when the sensor triggers it will pull the output low. The Parallax model is the opposite — the output is low until it is triggered, and then the output goes high. A simple way to think of the sensor is a switch; the diagram below explains the difference between the two approaches. It doesn't matter which approach is used as long as you know which one you are using so you can write the code accordingly.
Here is the circuit for the Sparkfun Active Low style sensor.
The code for the active low Sparkfun style motion detector looks like this.
Regardless of the type you are using the code does the same thing: Check to see if the sensor is triggered; if it is, flash the on-board LED in front of digital pin 13. This is a good way to not only test the sensor but to see if it is going to be too sensitive and trigger to early. If it's too sensitive you can use a cardboard tube to narrow the focus of the sensor. Just place the tube over the sensor to block any heat signatures approaching from the side.
Of course you can use multiple sensors and outputs to trigger different effects depending on your needs. The Arduino is capable of driving small loads like an LED without extra components. Next week we will look at driving larger loads like buzzers, lights and sound modules.
If you're new to the Arduino, you should read Brian McLaughlin's introductory articles about the Arduino. The Sparkfun PIR Sensor can be found on the Sparkfun Website as well as the the datasheet. The Parallax sensor can be found at Radioshack, and here is the datasheet.
Finally you should check out the Geekdad Community Forums. I will be setting this up as a project and you can post questions and comments there. Have fun playing with this and see you next week when we look at controlling bigger things with the Arduino.


text:
package org.jboss.resteasy.test.providers.atom.resource;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;

@XmlRootElement(name = "customer", namespace = "http://jboss.org/Customer")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class AtomProviderCustomer {
    @XmlElement
    private String name;

    public AtomProviderCustomer() {
    }

    public AtomProviderCustomer(final String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}


text:
AGN Election: The Plot To Stop Ibinabo Fiberisima
After a failed attempt to organise a chaos-free national election in Benin, Edo State early this year, the Actors' Guild of Nigeria Electoral Committee (AGNEC) is currently preparing to re-organise the election, but there are plots to stop star actress, Ibinabo Fiberisima, from contesting.
Fiberisima is contesting the post of the guild's national president alongside Emeka Rollas and Steve Eboh, but Nollywood Reel gathered that one of the contestants, Rollas, has taken her to court, claiming that as an ex-convict, she should be disqualified from contesting in the election. The matter is currently in a Lagos court.
The move is to hinder Fiberisima, who is perceived as the favourite among the candidates, from contesting in the election on the grounds that she is an ex-convict.
The complainant claimed that Fiberisima was convicted for murder and is supposed to be serving a five-year jail term but appealed and got a bail; otherwise she would have been in Kirikiri prisons.
Meanwhile, in a chat with Nollywood Reel, Emeka Rollas denied dragging his fellow contestant to court.
When asked if he masterminded the legal action against Fiberisima, Rollas said "It is not true. The matter is in court concerning her ex-convict status and only the court can decide. Please don't listen to rumours. It was the Lagos State Chairman, Emeka Rising, who took her to court, challenging her position and eligibility to contest."
Nollywood actresses now marked for blackmail - AGN President
Nollywood not dumping ground for BBNaija evictees - AGN
Why we chose Elisha Abbo as AGN patron - Emeka Rollas
Speaking with Nollywood Reel on phone yesterday, Fiberisima said: "I don't think there is a law that is bigger than that of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. I had a traffic accident sometimes ago, but that cannot stop me from contesting the election of my guild as being peddled by my fellow contestants.
"My aim is to serve my guild, and I am not fraudulent. My co-contestant is fraudulent and I have proofs for that."
The election in Benin was alleged to have been marred by some allegedly sponsored social miscreants after it was realised that Fiberisima was having the upper hand among other presidential candidates.
Meanwhile, an inside source squealed to Nollywood Reel that having realised that Ibinabo is still the strongest candidate for the presidential seat, the plot is to distract her with the court case, while the election will be held before she could be cleared to run for the election.
The source also stated that the election is likely to hold on Thursday, 27 September, this year.
Tags: Actors Guild of Nigeria AGN Election Emeka Rollas Ibinabo Fiberisima national election


Most dumpster rental companies in Stottville typically rent containers for a standard rate for 7 days, although most one time customers end up keeping their container an average of three and a half days. When you phone to reserve the container, talk with all the customer support representative about the duration of time you believe you will need.
If it turns out that your project takes longer than you anticipated, just telephone the dumpster business to explain. Most companies will bill you on a per-day basis following your initial seven days. It's very important to convey this additional need when you know you've it since most dumpster companies have a small variety of bins that may already be reserved. Most companies will work together with you to accommodate your extra rental time. If you believe you'll need the dumpster for an extra week or more, be sure to mention that; rates may change based on a longer period of time.
Front-load dumpsters have mechanical arms that can lift heavy things. It is a handy alternative for jobs that comprise lots of heavy items like appliances and concrete. In addition , they are good for emptying commercial dumpsters like the type eateries use.
Roll-off dumpsters are generally the right alternative for commercial and residential jobs like repairing a roof, remodeling a cellar, or including a room to your house. They've doors that swing open, allowing you to walk into the dumpster. Additionally they have open tops that allow you to throw debris into the container. Rental companies will normally leave a roll-off dumpster at your project place for a number of days or weeks. It is a handy alternative for both little and large jobs.
Paying a flat rate usually means that you simply get to prevent any hidden fees and costs. Businesses which usually do not charge flat fees may include additional costs for basic services like dropping off the dumpster. Keep in your mind, however, which you still might need to pay extra should you would like to include certain items and materials in the dumpster.
Having a flat rate also means you can prepare your payment ahead of time. This really is especially useful when you need someone else to make the payment for you. When you understand the exact amount, you can write a check ahead of time. Then, anyone can pay the rental company when its driver drops off the dumpster.
If you rent a 30 yard dumpster, you'll be getting a container that will carry 30 cubic yards of waste or debris. Your 30 yard container will measure about 22 feet long by 8 feet wide by 6 feet high. These numbers could change somewhat determined by the dumpster rental firm in Stottville you select. A 30 yard dumpster will carry between 9 and 15 pickup truck loads of waste, therefore it is an excellent option for whole-house residential cleanouts as well as commercial cleanup projects.
As with any service, it's always an excellent strategy to allow your dumpster as far ahead as you possibly can in order to make sure that the dumpster will be accessible when you require it. If you wait until the final minute, there is no guarantee that the business will probably have the capacity to fill your order.
Two or three days notice is usually adequate to ensure your dumpster delivery in time. Recall that the most active days are usually on Mondays and Fridays (encompassing the weekend), thus if you're able to organize your job for the middle of the week, you have a increased chance of getting the dumpster you will need.
Planning ahead for your dumpster rental in Stottville will make your project easier and safer to end on time. When renting a dumpster in Stottville, follow these tips to help you plan ahead.
There are a lot of things to consider when picking a local or national dumpster rental company in Stottville. Follow these guidelines to assist you choose which option is better for you.
A local dumpster rental company in Stottville may offer better customer services that help you finish your job while keeping prices low. Lots of them, however, have a limited number of dumpsters to rent. Should you not schedule an appointment in advance, you may not have the option you desire.
A national dumpster rental company in Stottville will typically have more sizes and designs to meet the exceptional needs of your endeavor. National firms are also an excellent choice for construction teams that work in several cities. Some people, however, complain that national firms are not as flexible as locally owned businesses.
2. Give you and also the rental company a lot of time. It is best to phone ahead at least a week or two before you want the dumpster. Should you attempt to schedule an appointment earlier than that, you could have a small collection.
Whether or not you require a long-term or roll-off dumpster depends on the type of job and service you need. Long-Lasting dumpster service is for ongoing demands that last longer than just a few days. This includes things like day to day waste and recycling needs. Temporary service is precisely what the name implies; a one time demand for job-special waste removal.
Temporary roll-off dumpsters are delivered on a truck and are rolled off where they will be used. All these are usually larger containers that can manage all the waste which is included with that special job. Long-Lasting dumpsters are usually smaller containers because they are emptied on a regular basis and so do not need to hold as much at one time.
Should you request a permanent dumpster, some companies demand at least a one-year service agreement for this dumpster. Rolloff dumpsters just require a rental fee for the time that you just keep the dumpster on the job.


text:
BA Degrees
Cologne Cathedral and surrounds
Lecture transcripts
Ramsay Podcast
Helen Pluckrose – Distinguished Speaker
On Tuesday 18 June Helen Pluckrose, Editor in Chief for Areo Magazine delivered the fourth Ramsay Lecture for 2019 at the Sydney Harbour Marriott Hotel. The title of her lecture was "The Rise and Whys of Grievance Studies".
Helen Pluckrose – Distinguished Speaker Program – transcript
The Rise and Whys of Grievance Studies
'Grievance Studies affair' hoaxer Helen Pluckrose to deliver the fourth Ramsay Lecture for 2019
Sydney, Tuesday 18 June: To test their theory that some fields in the humanities have become over-run by a 'victim mentality' that overrides genuine scholarship, a UK-based magazine editor and two US academics submitted 20 deliberately absurd, unevidenced papers for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Seven papers were accepted and seven more were "actively considered" for publication before their ruse ended late last year, following suspicion from the Wall Street Journal. The trio gained international notoriety. Their hoax became known as the 'Grievance Studies affair.'
Tonight, one of the 'hoaxers' and editor of Areo magazine Helen Pluckrose will deliver the fourth Ramsay Lecture for 2019, outlining the threat she believes 'grievance studies' pose to real academic progress in fields that should continue the work of the US civil rights movement.
"Studying social justice issues around race, gender and sexuality is important but this cannot be achieved by shoddy scholarship and inconsistent ethics and that is what we are seeing in these fields right now," Ms. Pluckrose says.
"Scholarship based less upon finding truth and more upon attending to social grievances has become firmly established, if not fully dominant. Increasingly we are shifting away from a society where everyone is free to argue anything, so long as they use evidence and reason, to one where identity and experience determines who speaks. This has major ramifications for scholarship and activism which will help inform the next generation."
The most famous of the Grievance Studies affair hoax papers was the fake 'dog park study' which suggested that dog parks are petri dishes for canine rape culture after examining 'dog humping' in hundreds of dog parks. The study was titled "Human reactions to rape culture and queer performativity at urban dog parks in Portland, Oregon," and received praise as having the potential to make "…an important contribution to feminist animal geography".
Another hoax paper suggested white and male university students should sit on the floor in chains, as a form of "experiential reparation", and listen and learn in silence. The paper was rejected but the author was encouraged to resubmit and received applause for identifying 'specific approaches' to redress epistemic injustice in the classroom.
Helen Pluckrose is the editor-in-chief of Areo, a digital magazine focusing on humanism, reason, science, culture and art. She has research interests in late medieval and early modern women's religious writing, receiving her bachelor's degree in English literature from the University of East London and her Master's in Early Modern Studies 1300-1700 from Queen Mary University London. Last month she was announced as a finalist for the UK Contrarian Prize, along with UK Prime Minister Theresa May, to be presented by broadcaster Jeremy Paxman on June 25.
The Ramsay Lecture series hosts speakers from all walks of life who have important and interesting perspectives relating to the world and our western heritage. Printed versions of the lectures and video recordings are available on our website: www.ramsaycentre.org
Media contact: Sarah Switzer 0407 816 098
Rod Dreher, Senior Editor, The American Conservative on western civilisation, Socratic teaching and Dante
Rod Dreher – Distinguished Speaker
On Tuesday 21 May Rod Dreher, Senior Editor for The American Conservative, delivered a Ramsay Lecture at the State Library of NSW. The title of his lecture was "Recovering and Sustaining Cultural Memory".
Rod Dreher – Distinguished Speaker Program – transcript
Recovering and Sustaining Cultural Memory
Les Murray's 'second funeral' and his everlasting poetry
Les Murray will be farewelled today at St Bernadette's Catholic Church, Krambach, just out of Bunyah. It will be his second funeral.
More than 20 years ago, Murray suffered an abscess on the liver and was in a coma for three weeks. Coming to, he discovered well-wishers had sent "a Spring-in-Winter love-barque of cards, / of flowers and phone calls and letters". Waking to the nation's love, which he'd "never dreamed was there", meant everything to him. He called it his "State Funeral". Now that he really has gone, the accolades have been even more numerous and good willed.
To be sure, some commentators have felt the need, in praising Murray, to indicate they were on the "other side" to him politically. What side would that be? Were they on the other side of Murray when it came to the working poor and marginalised? Were they on the other side to his advocacy, long before it was fashionable, of Indigenous Australians? Were they on the other side when he called out – long before anyone else – the problem of schoolyard bullying and its reverberations through the culture?
"Nothing a mob does is clean," Murray believed. That was the main thrust of his politics. Like the eponymous hero of his remarkable 1998 verse novel, Fredy Neptune, Murray would often step in to protect individuals from a mob, even if he disagreed with them. In an era of "Safe Schools" programs, this is a lesson that should be part of the curriculum, and there is no better way to teach it than through the work of our greatest poet. But there are, of course, many good reasons to encourage the young to read Murray. Indeed, there is an obligation on our schools and universities to do just that.
When I was 16, my father handed me a copy of the 1983 collection The People's Otherworld. I was confronted by the brazen dedication to the Glory of God, but I was even more challenged by the language itself: "Flashy wrists out of buttoned grass cuffs, feral whisky burning gravels, jazzy knuckles ajitter on soakages… migrating mouse-quivering water."
A year later, my interest was fostered by John Watkins, later deputy premier of NSW, who introduced his Year 11 English class to the early poetry, including Driving through Sawmill Towns, Spring Hail and An Absolutely Ordinary Rainbow. The difference between these poems and the more mature ones was stark, and intriguing. How to account for it?
Honestly, I was a slow learner. When I first encountered them I could make little literal sense of the more mature poems, but I felt their electric charge and kept returning to them, year after year, delighting when something suddenly became clear. The last line of the poem, Shower, for example: "Only in Europe is it enjoyed by telephone." What on earth was he talking about, I wondered for years, until I took a shower in Italy in 1997 and lifted the shower-head with its trailing cord from its fitting: a telephone!
I taught this poem to undergraduates over 10 years in an Australian literature course. Their reaction to the closing line was more often than not the same as mine had been, but I couldn't bear to make them wait as long as I had to to discover its meaning. I can still see their smiles of recognition when they "saw" for the first time what Murray was describing.
And when I see them in my memory, it is another poem of Murray's that captures their reaction: "Streaming, a hippo surfaces / like the head of someone / lifting, with still-entranced eyes, / from a lake of stanzas."
We owe it to every student in Australia's schools and university English departments to give them this experience.
Stephen McInerney is executive officer (academic) at the Ramsay Centre for Western Civilisation and author of The Enclosure of an Open Mystery: Sacrament and Incarnation in the Writings of Gerard Manley Hopkins, David Jones and Les Murray.
Article published in The Sydney Morning Herald 10 May 2019
Greg Sheridan AO, Foreign Editor, The Australian on western civilisation and religious belief
Greg Sheridan AO – Distinguished Speaker
On Tuesday 9 April, Greg Sheridan AO, Foreign Editor, The Australian and Author delivered the second Ramsay Lecture for 2019. The title of his lecture was "The Case for God: can Western Civilisation be sustained without belief?"
Greg Sheridan AO -Distinguished Speaker Program – transcript
On Tuesday 9 April, Greg Sheridan AO, Foreign Editor for The Australian and author of seven books, delivered the second Ramsay Lecture for 2019. The title of his lecture was "The Case for God: can Western Civilisation be sustained without belief?"
The Case for God: can Western Civilisation be sustained without belief
We are too weak to discover the truth by reason alone"
- Augustine


text:
Top-notch Restaurants in Manchester, Maryland
Staying at Manchester for a trip and want to know the best spots to have a mealat? We got your back! Direct from the city's best chefs and culinary specialists, and strongly recommended by the locals, we're going to help you indulge in the best foods only Manchester can bring you while you're in town. Here's a list of the finest 5 restaurants you should check out while you're in Manchester!
Conveniently located at the heart of Manchester, Sheetz is easily the most popular Convenience store among tourists and locals alike! Visit us at 3305 Main St, Manchester, MD 21102 and savor a Chain offering fuel & familiar convenience goods, including packaged snacks, drinks & takeaway fare. Schedule a reservation with us at (443) 639-5176 and indulge in an authentic Manchester dining experience at Sheetz. https://goo.gl/maps/GXisFD9dGBcZgpBMA
Fratellis Italian Restaurant
Looking for a first-class Italian restaurant to eat at while you're in the city? Fratellis Italian Restaurant has the one of the best food selections in Manchester, located in 2315 Hanover Pike A, Hampstead, MD 21074. Contact us at (410) 374-0909 and enjoy an Easygoing option for Italian comfort food, including many seafood options, plus cocktails & wine. that you can only see in this part of town! https://goo.gl/maps/2TN3ZRis1cTDiaZj7
China Manor
Situated right in the heart of Manchester, this Chinese restaurant lets you enjoy all the different flavors of the city. China Manor is a Chinese basics share the menu with a selection of sushi at this casual spot with a comfy interior in 2315 Hanover Pike, Hampstead, MD 21074, recommended by Manchester's finest chefs and various culinary pages. Give us a ring at (410) 374-2300 and eat out at one of the best local restaurants in the area! https://goo.gl/maps/KyDMxeXxSy8du3NUA
Greenmount Station
This is another terrific American restaurant to eat at while you're in Manchester. Situated in 1631 N Main St #4, Hampstead, MD 21074, Greenmount Station is a Buzzing gathering place known for crab cakes serving hearty pub fare, plus plenty of TVs and lets you experience flavors and dishes you'll only be able to get in Manchester. Call us at (410) 239-0063 and book a reservation at Greenmount Station! https://g.page/greenmountstation?share
Whether you're in Manchester for a few days or having an extended getaway, you absolutely have to include Subway on your itinerary. Situated at 2275 Hanover Pike, Hampstead, MD 21074, this Sandwich shop is a Casual counter-serve chain for build-your-own sandwiches & salads, with health-conscious options. Set up a reservation with us at (443) 508-2515 and enjoy one of Manchester's best restaurants! https://goo.gl/maps/1VP4fKawsQT29v5aA
Click here to find out more about the best bars to visit whilst visiting Manchester, Maryland.


Irish music is an oral tradition, passed on through the generations, learned by listening and doing. Here is a dear man who sat outside of the Rock of Cashel in County Cork, playing his accordian joyfully for the passersby. Joshua was fascinated, and this generous soul invited him to sit down and play awhile with him. It didn't matter that Joshua had never played an accordian in his life; this man's open and sharing spirit encouraged Joshua to feel as if he could. As my little guy pushed keys and squeezed away, the man nodded in time and tapped his foot. What a wonderful thing, and what a wonderful memory.
This entry was posted in Family, Life, Love, Music, Photography, Travel, Uncategorized and tagged accordian, celtic music, Children, Ireland, Irish music, learning, Music, oral tradition, teaching by lyonsroarforgod. Bookmark the permalink.
I love your blog so much!! What a BEAUTIFUL life you live!! Cherish every day!


Yes! Dan Tebbutt won a Specialized Diverge All-Road Bike by supporting our raffle for Community Care! We drew the winning ticket on 11 January 2019 and posted it on Facebook Live. Congrats, Dan! Big thanks to everyone who participated by buying draw-tickets, and coming to our Thunderdome fundraiser. Special thanks to Tryforce Niagara for their additional support! Community Care (St.Cath/Thorold) is a very worthwhile charity in the Region; We are happy to help them in collaboration with the cycling community in Niagara. Thank you!


text:
Heteralonia rivularis är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Johann Wilhelm Meigen 1820.  Heteralonia rivularis ingår i släktet Heteralonia och familjen svävflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Svävflugor
rivularis


Tune in to Guam's Only All Island Music Station – 99.5 The Shark for the newest jams from your favorite bands! We are unleashing the latest stuff from Common Kings (Above), Mariana P, Rebel Souljahz, Soja and more! Tune in and turn it up, it's only on 99.5 THE SHARK!