text:
Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is de grootste mixed-martial-artsorganisatie ter wereld. Ze is het bezit van de Amerikaanse amusementsorganisatie WME-IMG, die haar in juli 2016 voor vier miljard dollar kocht van sportpromotiebedrijf Zuffa. Voorzitter Dana White leidt het bedrijf op de voorgrond en is de belangrijkste woordvoerder van de UFC. De organisatie heeft tussen 2007 en 2011 concurrenten zoals Pride, Strikeforce en World Extreme Cagefighting overgenomen en zichzelf uitgebreid met de beste vechters van deze voormalige bonden.

Oorsprong
Het toernooiconcept om 's werelds beste vechter te achterhalen was het geesteskind van Art Davie, directeur van een in South Carolina gesitueerd reclamebureau. Davie ontmoette Rorion Gracie in 1991 toen hij MMA onderzocht voor een klant. Gracie baatte een Braziliaans jiujitsu-school uit in Torrance, Californië. De Graciefamilie had een rijke geschiedenis in de Braziliaanse vechtsport vale tudo (Portugees voor 'alles mag'), een voorloper van MMA. Davie werd een leerling van Gracie.

Geschiedenis
De UFC startte in 1993 als een toernooi om 's werelds beste vechtsporter te vinden, ongeacht in welke stijl die zijn oorsprong vond. Dit idee was gebaseerd op de Braziliaanse vechtsport vale tudo. De bedoeling was om het evenement eenmalig te houden, maar door het succes van de eerste editie volgden er meer. Hoewel er een beperkt aantal regels gold, waren UFC-wedstrijden vaak bruut en gewelddadig. Het eerste UFC-gevecht dat plaatsvond was dat tussen de Nederlandse karate- en savate-beoefenaar Gerard Gordeau en de Hawaïaanse sumoworstelaar Teila Tuli. Gordeau won nadat hij Tuli drie tanden uit zijn mond schopte. De eerste UFC-gevechten waren eerder spectaculair dan sportief, wat leidde tot beschuldigingen van bruutheid en "menselijke hanengevechten" door tegenstanders. Politieke druk leidde ertoe dat de UFC van het publieke toneel verdween en ondergronds ging.

Zuffa
Casino-ondernemers en broers Frank Fertitta III en Lorenzo Fertitta kochten in 2001 voor twee miljoen dollar 81% van de eigendomsrechten van UFC en begonnen het sportpromotiebedrijf Zuffa (Italiaans voor 'gevecht') om die in onder te brengen. Ze gingen daarbij in zee met Flash Entertainment (van de overheid van Abu Dhabi, 10% van de aandelen) en zakenman Dana White (9%), die tevens voorzitter en woordvoerder van de organisatie werd. De UFC omarmde striktere regelgeving, werd onderhevig aan regelgevende sportcommissies en profileerde zich als een legitiem sportevenement. Het no holds barred-predicaat schudde men van zich af en men ging verder onder de noemer mixed martial arts (MMA). Zo stond de UFC op uit haar politieke isolement, werd meer sociaal geaccepteerd en herwon haar positie binnen de wereld van pay-per-view-televisie. Er werd meer aandacht besteed aan promotie en met een overeenkomst met een kabelexploitant op zak en de legalisatie van MMA in Californië, mocht de UFC zich langzaam maar zeker op een toenemende mate van populariteit en media-aandacht verheugen. UFC-wedstrijden worden momenteel onder andere uitgezonden in de Verenigde Staten, Verenigd Koninkrijk/Ierland, Canada, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Brazilië en Abu Dhabi.

The Ultimate Fighter
Bekendheid bij het grote publiek verwierf de UFC in 2004 met een realityserie, genaamd The Ultimate Fighter. Hierin streden zestien MMA-vechters, verdeeld over twee gewichtsklassen, onder elkaar om een contract in de UFC te kunnen bemachtigen. Ze verbleven in een villa en hadden geen contact met hun vrienden of familie. Ze werden getraind en gecoacht door bekende UFC-vechters en enkele andere professionele trainers. De finale van deze competitie gaf de doorslag wat betreft de bekendheid van de UFC. In de strijd om het kampioenschap in het licht-zwaargewicht gaven Forrest Griffin en Stephan Bonnar zo'n spectaculair optreden weg dat het nog steeds als een van de beste MMA-gevechten ooit wordt gezien. Beide vechters zijn in 2013 opgenomen in de UFC Hall of Fame. Na het gevecht was de weg vrij voor de UFC om te gaan groeien. De show bracht enkele grote talenten op. Deelnemers die uiteindelijk UFC-kampioen werden zijn Forrest Griffin, Rashad Evans, Michael Bisping, Matt Serra, T.J. Dillashaw, Robert Whittaker, Julianna Peña, Carla Esparza, Kamaru Usman en Nicco Montaño. Deelnemers die voor het kampioenschap vochten maar wel verloren, zijn Nate Quarry, Kenny Florian (2x), Diego Sanchez, Josh Koscheck, Joe Stevenson, Patrick Côté, Manvil Gamburyan (voor een WEC-titel), Gray Maynard (2x), Nate Diaz en John Dodson.

WEC
In 2006 kocht Zuffa concurrent WEC (World Extreme Cagefighting) op. De zwaardere gewichtsklassen werden opgedoekt en alleen lichtgewicht, vedergewicht en bantamgewicht bleef bestaan in de WEC. Eind 2010 werd de WEC definitief gestopt en de meeste vechters werden in de UFC geplaatst. Kampioenen Dominick Cruz en José Aldo werden gekroond tot kampioenen aangezien respectievelijk bantamgewicht en vedergewicht nog niet bestond in de UFC. WEC kampioen lichtgewicht Anthony Pettis kreeg geen titel, maar werd wel hoog in de divisie geplaatst zodat hij snel kon meedingen voor de titel.

Eveneens in 2006 werd de WFA (World Fighting Alliance) opgekocht. De organisatie werd per direct opgedoekt en de contracten van de vechters werden overgenomen.

Pride
In maart 2007 kocht Zuffa de UFC's grootste concurrent Pride eveneens op. In de eerste plaats zouden beide competities gescheiden blijven, maar in oktober van datzelfde jaar werd het Pride-personeel ontslagen en de vechters opgenomen in de UFC. In 2008 vormde het bestuur van Pride een nieuwe organisatie, Dream. Deze had te lijden onder de grote concurrentie van de UFC en werd in 2012 opgedoekt.

Strikeforce
De laatste grote slag om de concurrentie achter zich te laten kwam in maart 2011, toen Strikeforce werd opgekocht. Wel bleven beide promoties los van elkaar fungeren; in de contracten werd niets veranderd. In oktober 2012 werd bekend dat televisiezender Showtime zou stoppen met het uitzenden van de Strikeforce-evenementen.
Er stond een evenement gepland op 12 januari 2013 waarbij alle (mannelijke) kampioenen in actie zouden komen. In december 2012 kwam het nieuws naar buiten dat dit het allerlaatste Strikeforce-evenement zou worden.
Vanwege verschillende blessures konden de strijd om zowel de titel voor het lichtgewicht als die voor het lichtzwaargewicht niet doorgaan. Kampioen in het bantamgewicht voor vrouwen Ronda Rousey werd gepromoveerd tot eerste vrouwelijke UFC-kampioen ooit. Alleen Nate Marquardt verdedigde uiteindelijk zijn titel in dat evenement. Hij verloor van de Belg Tarec Saffiedine. Een groot deel van de Strikeforce-contracten werd hierna overgeheveld naar de UFC.

Women's MMA
Alhoewel UFC-president Dana White lange tijd geen vrouwelijke divisie wilde hebben in zijn organisatie, werd er na het opdoeken van Strikeforce toch een vrouwelijke divisie in het bantamgewicht toegevoegd. Strikeforce-kampioene Ronda Rousey werd direct tot UFC-kampioene gekroond. Het eerste UFC-gevecht tussen twee vrouwen ooit werd gehouden op 23 februari 2013 tussen Rousey en Liz Carmouche. Carmouche was een grote underdog maar wist Rousey toch in de problemen te brengen toen zij haar in een staande rear naked choke/face crank wist te vangen. Rousey ontsnapte en liet Carmouche nog in de eerste ronde afkloppen middels een armklem. Carmouche was tevens de eerste openlijk homoseksuele vechter ooit in de UFC.
Het 18de seizoen van The Ultimate Fighter was het eerste seizoen met vrouwelijke coaches en vechters. Ronda Rousey zou het in eerste instantie opnemen tegen Cat Zingano, maar vanwege een knieblessure werd zij vervangen door Miesha Tate.
Op 11 december 2012 kwam het nieuws naar buiten dat de UFC de gehele 115 pound-divisie van Invicta FC, een promotie met enkel vrouwelijke vechters, had overgenomen. Het zou gaan om elf contracten. Deze en enkele andere vrouwen streden in het twintigste seizoen van The Ultimate Fighter om zowel de toernooiwinst als de UFC-titel. In dit seizoen werden voor het eerst de vechters gerangschikt naar kwaliteit. In de eerste ronde streed de nummer één tegen de nummer zestien, nummer twee tegen nummer vijftien, en zo verder. Alle vechters hadden een vaste plek in het toernooiformaat waardoor in de volgende ronden deze ranking niet meer van toepassing was. Nummer één Carla Esparza, de kampioene van de strogewichtdivisie van Invicta, streed in de finale op 12-12-2014 tegen nummer zeven Rose Namajunas. Esparza was dominant met haar worsteltechnieken en liet Namajunas uiteindelijk in de derde ronde afkloppen.

WME-IMG
Zuffa verkocht de UFC op 11 juli 2016 voor vier miljard dollar aan de Amerikaanse amusementsorganisatie WME-IMG. De broers Fertitta verkochten daarmee het grootste deel van hun aandelen. Flash Entertainment behield 10%. White werd eigenaar van een kleiner deel van zijn oorspronkelijke percentage in de aandelen en bleef aan als voorzitter.

Regels
De regels die momenteel in de UFC gelden zijn opgesteld door de New Jersey State Athletic Control Board (SACB). Deze Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts zijn overgenomen door andere Amerikaanse staten die MMA reguleren, waaronder Nevada, Louisiana en Californië. De regels werden door vele andere organisaties in de VS gehanteerd en werden verplicht voor de staten welke de regels overnamen. Zo werden ze de de facto-regels voor het professionele MMA in de VS.

Rondes
Een ronde in een UFC-wedstrijd duurt vijf minuten. Titelgevechten hebben vijf ronden, alsook de hoofdact (main event) van ieder UFC-evenement. Andere wedstrijden hebben drie ronden. Tussen de ronden wordt er een minuut gepauzeerd waarin eventuele verwondingen verzorgd worden en de coaches de kooi in mogen om de strategie van hun vechter bij te sturen.

Gewichtsklassen
De UFC hanteert twaalf gewichtsklassen, acht voor de mannen en vier voor de vrouwen.

Mannen

Vrouwen

Kooi
De UFC gebruikt een achthoekige kooi, de 'octagon', als gevechtsomgeving. Oorspronkelijk had de organisatie SEG patent op het gebruik van een achthoekige kooi en werd het andere MMA-organisaties verboden deze te gebruiken. In 2001 gaf Zuffa LLC andere organisaties toestemming deze ook te gebruiken. De kooi bestaat uit een achtzijdig met vinyl bedekt metalen hekwerk met een diameter van 11,6 m, waardoor van hoek-tot-hoek 9,14 m ruimte ontstaat. Het hek is 1,83 m hoog en de kooi bevindt zich op een 1,22 m hoog platform. Bovenop is het hekwerk met schuimrubber bedekt. De kooi heeft twee tegenover elkaar liggende toegangsdeuren.

Kleding
Alle vechters moeten in de toegestane korte broekjes vechten, zonder schoenen en enige vorm van voetbedekking. Shirts, uniformen en lange broeken zijn niet toegestaan. Vechters moeten officiële lichte handschoenen (113-170 g) dragen waarbij de vingers grotendeels vrij blijven. De handschoenen staan harde stoten toe, terwijl het risico op blessures minder groot is dan bij blote handen.
Initieel was er sprake van weinig-geen regelgeving op het gebied van kledij. Veel vechters kozen ervoor om strakke broekjes of boksshorts te dragen, terwijl anderen lange broeken of worsteloutfits droegen. Meervoudig toernooiwinnaar Royce Gracie droeg bij zijn eerste gevechten een jiujitsu-gi, het traditionele jiujitsutrainingsuniform.
Op 9 augustus 2011 werden broekjes zonder pijpen door Dana White verboden nadat Dennis Hallman hierin verscheen voor een gevecht met Brian Ebersole.

Beslissing
Een wedstrijd wordt meestal beslist/beëindigd door:
Opgave van de tegenstander, die aan zijn tegenstander verbaal of via (driemaal of meer) afkloppen aangeeft niet meer verder te kunnen/willen vechten.
Een knock-out (K.O.), een vechter gaat na een toegestane klap door de tegenstander neer en is bewusteloos of niet in staat direct het gevecht te hervatten.
Een technische knock-out (T.K.O.), het gevecht wordt door de scheidsrechter beëindigd, als deze van mening is dat de vechter zich niet meer kan verdedigen; als waarschuwingen aan het adres van een vechter om zijn vechthouding/verdediging te verbeteren niet worden opgevolgd (doorgaans worden er twee waarschuwingen met tussenpoos van vijf seconden gegeven); als een bij het gevecht aanwezige arts het onverantwoord vindt dat een vechter de wedstrijd voortzet als gevolg van een blessure.
Een jurybeslissing, afhankelijk van de score eindigt de wedstrijd met een:
unanimous decision (alle drie de scheidsrechters noteren winst voor één vechter),
majority decision (twee scheidsrechters noteren winst voor één vechter, een scheidsrechter een gelijkspel),
split decision (twee scheidsrechters noteren winst voor één vechter, een scheidsrechter voor de andere vechter),
unanimous draw (alle drie de scheidsrechters noteren een gelijkspel),
majority draw (twee scheidsrechters noteren een gelijkspel).
split draw (het totaal aantal punten voor elke vechter is gelijk)

Een gevecht kan ook eindigen met een technische beslissing, technisch gelijkspel, een diskwalificatie, het verspelen van het gevecht, of in een 'no contest' (geen wedstrijd). Dit laatste gebeurt bijvoorbeeld wanneer de ene vechter de andere het doorvechten onmogelijk maakt door middel van een niet opzettelijk uitgevoerde illegale actie. Doorgaan is dan onopzettelijk onmogelijk geworden, terwijl nog niemand de overwinning heeft verdiend.

Jurycriteria
Er is een tienpuntensysteem van toepassing op alle UFC-gevechten; drie juryleden noteren elke ronde een winnaar, die tien punten krijgt, de verliezer van een ronde krijgt negen punten of minder. Als de ronde gelijk is, krijgen beide vechters tien punten. In New Jersey mag de verliezer niet minder dan zeven punten krijgen, in andere staten is het ongewoon om een vechter minder dan zeven punten toe te kennen.

Overtredingen
De Nevada State Athletic Commission merkt de volgende handelingen als overtredingen aan:
Kopstoten
Het aanvallen van de ogen
Bijten
Aan de haren trekken
Fish hooking, het stoppen van (een) vinger(s) in de mond, neusgaten of andere lichaamsholten van de tegenstander
Het aanvallen van de geslachtsdelen
Het stoppen van (een) vinger(s) in sneeën of verwondingen anderzijds van de tegenstander
Het verdraaien van, trekken aan of buigen van vingers en tenen
Klappen op de achterkant van het hoofd of op de ruggengraat
Naar beneden gerichte aanvallen met de punt van de elleboog
Aanvallen naar de keel en het vastgrijpen van de luchtpijp
Krabben, knijpen en verdraaien van de huid
Het sleutelbeen vastgrijpen
Het naar het hoofd trappen van een op de grond liggende tegenstander
Het met de knieën naar het hoofd van een op de grond liggende tegenstander uithalen
Het met de hiel/hak of voet vertrappen van een op de grond liggende tegenstander
Het met de hiel/hak trappen naar de nieren
Het op het hoofd van de en op de nek van de tegenstander gaan zitten/knielen
Het uit de ring/kooi werpen van de tegenstander
Het broekje of de handschoenen van de tegenstander vastgrijpen
Spugen naar een tegenstander
Onsportief gedrag jegens een tegenstander vertonen dat in een blessure kan resulteren
Het vastgrijpen van de touwen of het hekwerk
Het in de ring uiten van krachttermen, schelden
Het tijdens de pauze aanvallen van de tegenstander
Het aanvallen van de tegenstander wanneer de scheidsrechter zich met deze bezigt
Het na de bel/gong aanvallen van de tegenstander
Het negeren van aanwijzingen/instructies van de scheidsrechter
Passieve houding, vermijden van contact met de tegenstander, het opzettelijk of voortdurend uitspuwen van de gebitsbeschermer en het simuleren van een blessure
Tussenkomst vanuit de hoek

Wanneer een overtreding wordt begaan, mag de scheidsrechter als straf punten aftrekken. Als de tegenstander bij de overtreding betrokken wordt, kan er diskwalificatie volgen wanneer er sprake was van een opzettelijke overtreding, of een 'no contest' als er sprake was van een onopzettelijke overtreding. Als een overtreding tot gevolg heeft dat de tegenstander het gevecht niet kan voortzetten, eindigt het gevecht met een technische beslissing en winst voor de tegenstander als deze op punten voorstaat, anders eindigt het gevecht met een technisch gelijkspel.

Kampioenen

Huidige
De UFC kent 12 verschillende kampioensgordels toe, 8 bij de mannen en 4 bij de vrouwen.

Mannen

Vrouwen

† = Prestaties tot dusver in de gehele professionele MMA-carrière. Te lezen als: winst-verlies of eventueel winst-verlies-gelijkspel.
Laatste update: 11 september 2022

Voormalige (incompleet)

Laatste update: 18 september 2020

Evenementen
UFC-evenementen kennen een aantal verschillende formaten. De hoofdevenementen worden gekenmerkt door een nummer gevolgd met een kop van het meest aansprekende gevecht. Tijdens deze evenementen vinden meestal de titelgevechten plaats. De shows zijn te bewonderen via Pay-per-view. Er zijn daarnaast ook reguliere evenementen die ook wel "Fight Nights" worden genoemd. Deze worden uitgezonden op ESPN+. Verder zijn er nog evenementen die worden vernoemd naar de uitzender; UFC on ESPN, UFC on Fox of UFC on ABC.

In de onderstaande tabel zijn de winnaars van de hoofdgevechten uit de eerste 17 hoofdevenementen terug te vinden. Anno 2021 hebben er bijna 270 hoofdevenementen en meer dan 500 evenementen in totaal plaatsgevonden.

Bonuswinnaars
De UFC Bonus Awards zijn bonussen die worden uitgereikt aan vechters met het beste gevecht van de avond (Fight of the Night of FotN) en de twee meest spectaculaire knock-outs en/of submissions (Performance of the Night of PotN). PotN heeft per 11 februari 2014 de beste knock-out (KotN) en de beste submission (SotN) vervangen. Het prijzengeld varieert per evenement, maar zit meestal rond $50.000 per vechter. De hoogste bonus die ooit is uitgekeerd was die aan Diego Sanchez en Martin Kampmann voor hun FotN tijdens UFC Live: Sanchez vs. Kampmann. Beiden kregen $160.000. De andere winnaars van dat evenement (Brian Bowles met de submission en Shane Roller met de KO) kregen 'slechts' $40.000. Het evenement met het hoogste totaalbedrag aan bonusuitkeringen was UFC 129: St-Pierre vs. Shields. José Aldo en Mark Hominick (FotN), Lyoto Machida (KotN) en Pablo Garza (SotN) kregen allen $129.000.

Vechters met minstens zeven bonussen:

† = wordt niet meer uitgereikt

 Laatste update: 16 april 2017

Winnaars van The Ultimate Fighter

Amerikaanse seizoenen

Internationale seizoenen

UFC Hall of Fame

Trivia
Donald Cerrone won tot nu toe de meeste gevechten in de UFC, namelijk 23.
De langste reeks opeenvolgende overwinningen staat op naam van Anderson Silva met 16 keer. Hoewel hij doorgaans in de middengewichtsklasse vecht, waren enkele daarvan in het lichtzwaargewicht.
Het record van meeste gevechten in de UFC is van Donald Cerrone en Jim Miller; zij stonden allebei 33 keer in het Octagon.
Het grootste aantal gewonnen titelgevechten staat op naam van Georges St-Pierre met het aantal van 12.
Demetrious Johnson bezit de langste reeks opeenvolgende titelverdedigingen met 11 keer.
Randy Couture vocht in de meeste titelgevechten: 15 keer.
De snelste knock-out in een titelgevecht vond plaats op 12 december 2015. Conor McGregor sloeg toen José Aldo in dertien seconden knock-out.
Jon Jones was op een leeftijd van 23 jaar en acht maanden de jongste UFC-kampioen.
Randy Couture was met 45 jaar en 146 dagen de oudste UFC-kampioen.
Frankie Edgar stond in totaal het langst in het Octagon, namelijk 6 uur, 17 minuten en 51 seconden.
Momenteel zijn er drie Nederlanders actief binnen de UFC: zwaargewichten Alistair Overeem en Stefan Struve en vrouwelijk vedergewicht Germaine de Randamie. De Belgische vechters die actief zijn in de UFC zijn weltergewicht Tarec Saffiedine en vrouwelijk bantamgewicht Cindy Dandois.
Op 8 mei 2016 vond UFC Fight Night: Overeem vs. Arlovski plaats in Rotterdam Ahoy. Dit was het eerste UFC-evenement dat plaatsvond in Nederland. Onder anderen de Nederlanders Germaine de Randamie, Stefan Struve en Alistair Overeem (in die volgorde) maakten deel uit van het programma. Zij wonnen die dag alle drie op basis van knock-out of technische knock-out.

Computerspellen
Sinds 2000 zijn er een aantal officiële UFC-computerspellen op de markt gebracht:
Ultimate Fighting Championship (2000)
UFC: Tapout (2002)
UFC: Throwdown (2002)
UFC: Tapout 2 (2003)
UFC: Sudden Impact (2004)
UFC 2009 Undisputed (2009)
UFC Undisputed 2010 (2010)
UFC Personal Trainer (2011)
UFC Undisputed 3 (2012)
EA Sports UFC (2014)
EA Sports UFC 2 (2016)
EA Sports UFC 3 (2018)
EA Sports UFC 4 (2020)

Externe links
 Officiële website
 State.nj.us: NJSACB Mission Statement


text:
Board index Battleship Bismarck Forums Bismarck General Discussion
PoW's gunnery VS BSM's gunnery
Discussions about the history of the ship, technical details, etc.
Moderator: Bill Jurens
lightyear
Post by lightyear » Sun Jan 27, 2019 8:13 am
This idea is from a forum thread here which I can not find anymore. There were a intense discussion about if PoW shoot better than Bismarck.
One idea is that Pow only had 5-6 guns most of the time and acquired 3 hits while Bismarck had 8 achieved 4 including one deep water hit which should have detonated before reach the hull if the fuze was not disabled by the water impact. If it has all 10 guns, it would be better than Bismarck?
On another hand, PoW fired a fairly long time without being supressed. The straddles he achieved on BSM is only 3( 6th, 9th and 13th). 3 straddles got 3 hits is a impressive luck. One shouldn't take it for granted and think this ratio is a natrual property of the gun. Therefore the idea can not stand.
I have the later opinion at beginning. However I found it is a little bit complicated than I thought after read the official report of POW gunnery. There is a chart with every salvos' position. Pow found the range quite slow. It cost him 5 salvos to finally get straddle and lost the range due to Bismarck changing course. From 9th to 16th salvo the courses of both sides are relative steady. Pow got 9th and 13th as straddle and 11th is a very near shot on the map. What is going on for the rest of them? why they are far and short?
The first question raised is: Can't FC computer deal with this "steady approching course" situation?
It looks like PoW have problem to get the right range when ships drawing near. The report said gun officer use 200 yards zigzag to shoot. But...they have straddled BSM before. Can they calculate out his next position? Did they have to use this way to "try" enemy's next positon? It is not even a radar thing. I think it is the FC computing system's work.
The second question is: Are Pow's 9th to 14th Salvos counted as in effective?
Someone told me that PoW's salvos are in effect. Even without straddle salvos were still in range so they have probability to hit. Therefore POW was not getting 3 hits out of 3 slavos but 3 hits out of a lot of slavos. He earned the hits hard without particular luck. I think if the landing zone is near enough it can be regarded as effective but there must a way to define it. But I don't know the Navy's standards on this issue.
There goes the third question: Is this a common place in a gun shooting procedure?
I mean you straddle and use this range to adjust by xxx yards zigzaging all the way and every navy do the same?
The last questions are: How did BSM do in PoW's engagement? Did it also shoot zigzag falling far and short constantly as PoW did? Do you know how his salvos went?
This is the official report I read
http://www.hmshood.org.uk/reference/off ... 09guns.htm
Alberto Virtuani
Location: Milan (Italy)
Re: PoW's gunnery VS BSM's gunnery
Post by Alberto Virtuani » Sun Jan 27, 2019 11:25 am
Hi lightyear,
you are right: these aspects have been (hotly) discussed in several threads, the last one is this very long one (that I do suggest you to read anyway): viewtopic.php?f=1&t=5752, especially the last year posts, covering many aspects of the comparison between BS and PoW gunnery performance. I'm reluctant to re-open to this discussion, that will soon become a "fight" as it was in the past, while we are trying to get at least an initial consensus about the battle reconstruction (viewtopic.php?f=1&t=8335).
In addition to the PoW GAR, if you are interested to see more:
1) at Churchill Archives there is a long letter of Mr.Wilkinson (director at Vickers Armament) with enclosed a report from Mr.Barber (foreman in charge of Vickers on board during the battle), giving more details about PoW guns and problems (drop me a private message in case you are interested to know more about it)
2) I think the most complete published work about Hood, Bismarck and PoW gunnery as of today is Adm.Santarini's book ("Bismarck and Hood", Fonthill, 2013) where the performances of the involved ships are compared and evaluated by a gunnery expert in a quite fair way.
Of course the real problem is that we don't have the Bismarck gunnery reports to make this comparison 100% reliable...
Bye, Alberto
"It takes three years to build a ship; it takes three centuries to build a tradition" (Adm.A.B.Cunningham)
"There's always a danger running in the enemy at close range" (Adm.W.F.Wake-Walker)
Post by lightyear » Mon Jan 28, 2019 2:32 am
Alberto Virtuani wrote: ↑
Got it. I had a glance of that battlefield and saw heavy players of the forum react ferociously... I don't intend to start a new fight. Just curious about the shooting methodology of navies. In Denmark strait battle. British navy looks like using 100 yards zigzag to cover enemy's course. I was told BS' exact course, although steady, can not be acquired. So pow didn't know BS' exact angle of approach therefore didn't know its next position. That's why they zigzag and even deliberatly increase the dispersion to increase the chance.
How about German shooting method? Did they have a way to determin enemy's angle to anticipate its future position? or they have to use the same way where they need constantly "try" enemy's range during rapid shooting. I think KSM must have documents for their shooting method and it will be tech details too clear to cause a fight.
After radar's evolving in the war. I heard a reliable bearing can be acquired via radar. Did British abandoned zigzag shooting after that?
Post by Alberto Virtuani » Mon Jan 28, 2019 8:14 am
I'm surely not an expert of the German firing methodology, what I know is what has been kindly shared on this forum by the members like Thorsten Wahl, Herr Nilsson, Dave Saxton, etc. that you can all find looking at all the (long) threads on Bismarck here.
IMO the best account of how Germans fired is in two places:
1) Jasper Gunnery Report,describing the opening fire procedure (full salvo + semi-salvos scaled in range) that is available in the PG KTB:http://www.kbismarck.com/archives/pg-ktb.zip
2) Rowell observations about Bismarck firing method in his answers at the second Hood board of inquiry,decently accounting for the salvos (despite attributing to Bismarck the PG hit on the boat deck and not adding any exact timing) but explicitly referring to a kind of "zig-zag ladder" methodology too: http://www.hmshood.org.uk/reference/off ... htm#Rowell
dunmunro
Location: Langley BC Canada
Post by dunmunro » Fri Feb 22, 2019 9:22 pm
lightyear wrote: ↑
PoW had, on average, about 6-7 guns in action from salvos 1 to 18. PoW scored 3 hits. Bismarck scored at least 4 hits, 3 on PoW and at least one on Hood - the true number may never be known with certainty.
During the time that Bismarck turned it's 38cm guns on PoW (0558 onward) Bismarck scored 3 hits and PoW scored one. If you accept the idea that Bismarck didn't engage PoW until 0600 then it is 3 to 0 in favour of Bismarck. Additionally PE scored 4 more hits during this time frame.
PoW's radar systems all failed and the conditions for optical ranging were very poor. Consequently PoW could not create an accurate range rate for Bismarck and when Hood exploded (probably 0557-0558) PoW had to make abrupt turns that disrupted her gunnery. Bismarck and PE both had radar ranging systems and this allowed them to create accurate range and range rate plots. Bismarck was probably salvo chasing to disrupt PoW's attempts to build a range rate from her salvo locations.
PoW's gunnery was excellent given her lack of radar and optical ranging but it was poor compared to what she should have accomplished had she had effective radar ranging. I would estimate that PoW would have scored 6 to 9 hits if her type 284 and/or type 281 radars had performed properly.
During the time after Hood exploded PoW's gunnery compared very unfavourably to Bismarck and PE's and consequently it was extremely likely that PoW would have been crippled or even sunk without inflicting severe damage to Bismarck in return, had she not radically turned to open the range.
Post by Alberto Virtuani » Sat Feb 23, 2019 6:50 pm
Dunmunro wrote: "PoW's gunnery was excellent given her lack of radar "
This is not correct. From PoW G.O. (http://www.hmshood.com/history/denmarks ... letter.htm):
McMullen_PoW_Radar_Ranges.jpg (14.99 KiB) Viewed 1858 times
The 284 radar (director tower set) failed to provide the range only initially (possibly because switched on too late due to the fast approaching rate or just because enemy was out of its maximum range...here only Dave Saxton can provide his view about that 284 model performances), however, after the range was down to 20000 yards (just after 05:56:xx, after salvo 6, therefore well before the critical part of the battle) the radar of PoW worked perfectly, providing the true ranges that both McMullen and Leach wrote in the official report.
Of course, the fact that PoW radar did not provide the initial range, was used by the writers of the "fairy tales" to create another excuse to justify Leach decision to disengage, while at that time (6:01) the 284 was already providing a "good range plot" since 10 salvos, explaining the excellent gunnery performance of PoW.
We don't know, despite Mr.Dunmunro assertion above, how much the radar helped BS and PG (Jasper does not account for any radar range), but we can assume it did, as accounts point to initial German salvos being quite close. Despite this help PoW hit the enemy before BS did.
Regarding the guns in action, we have already discussed all the aspects here (viewtopic.php?f=1&t=5752), I just remind to everybody that Prinz Eugen had 1 gun out of action almost since the beginning + other minor failures (but nobody complained about this fact): She lost 15% of her output vs the 26% lost by PoW (and a possible 14% lost by Bismarck, assuming 108 ordered shots, we don't know exactly how many salvos were ordered but 104 to 112 look reasonable based on the available accounts and photos/film).
For sure we can say that, due to the 10 PoW guns vs the 8 BS guns), the effective PoW RoF was 7 shells per minute vs 6,4 shells per minute of Bismarck during the whole action. This is not dependent on any assumption except the duration of 14 minutes fire action for BS.
Post by dunmunro » Sat Feb 23, 2019 7:28 pm
McMullen_PoW_Radar_Ranges.jpg
Old men's memories are not reliable and anyone who uses them in preference to data recorded at the time are probably not reliable historians either.
From PoW's GAR:
4. No results were obtained from either Type 281 or 284 R.D.F.; it is understood that Signal School Officers are now of the opinion that Type 281 suffered interference and Type 284 was defective, although it appeared at the time that 284 was also suffering from interference.
The above is what was stated at the time the events occurred and the radar failure was investigated by an independent branch of the RN, and their report is probably on file somewhere.
as usual, back we are with such low insinuations of "dementia" (Tovey), "poor old sailor autobiography" (Ellis) or "failing memories" (brand NEW one, referred to McMullen too) when faced to evidences that are indigestible for their side-taken approach
The PoW GAR does not say that radars were not working DURING the battle (http://www.hmshood.org.uk/reference/off ... 09guns.htm) . The extract posted by Mr.Dunmunro above is referring to a time BEFORE fire was opened, as Mr.Dunmunro knows very well.
McMullen wrote what happened on board that day, including the way he (over)estimated the range of Bismarck and then adjusted fire: the 284 radar was working perfectly under 20000 yards (http://www.hmshood.com/history/denmarks ... letter.htm) and it provided a "good range plot", thus the true ranges reported by McMullen and Leach in his official report are perfectly precise for PoW open and cease fire.
A bad new for the "indeterminateness" supporters, as they match perfectly Antonio Bonomi's reconstruction of the battle, as well as the open and cease fire ranges of Bismarck as reported by Lutjens (these ones surely just perfect, as German radars were well working according to Mr.Dunmunro).
Last edited by Alberto Virtuani on Sat Feb 23, 2019 10:08 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Post by dunmunro » Sat Feb 23, 2019 10:08 pm
back we are with such low insinuations of "dementia" (Tovey), "poor old sailor autobiography" (Ellis) or "failing memories" (now brand NEW referred to McMullen too) when faced to evidences that cannot be countered
The PoW GAR doesn't say that radars were not working DURING the battle (http://www.hmshood.org.uk/reference/off ... 09guns.htm) . The sentence posted by Mr.Dunmunro is referring to a time BEFORE fire was opened, as he knows very well.
McMullen wrote what happened exactly on board that day, including the way he (over)estimated the range of Bismarck and then straddled at the 6th salvo.
The 284 radar was working perfectly under 20000 yards (http://www.hmshood.com/history/denmarks ... letter.htm) and it provided a "good range plot", thus the true ranges reported by McMullen and Leach in his official report are perfectly precise. A bad new for the "indeterminateness" supporters.
Here's what the GAR states:
B - Events during First Action
24th May. - Enemy was sighted at 0537, range about 38,000 yards. The similarity between the two enemy ships was amazing and with the smaller ship "nearer", it was difficult at first to distinguish which was Bismarck.
2. This difficulty was evidently experienced in Hood as B.C.1 signalled GSB/337/L1 at 0549 (engage left-hand ship bearing 337° ), followed by GOB1 (shift target one ship right) just before opening fire.
The ships were at an inclination of about 130° and Gunnery and Spotting Officers in the fore D.C.T. both agreed at the time that at long range Prinz Eugene (sic) looked exactly like Dunkerque when "X" and "Y" turrets were "merged" into the after superstructure.
3. The rangefinders failed to develop a satisfactory range plot before opening fire; the fore D.C.T. 15-ft rangefinder was the only rangefinder which had a reasonable chance; the closing rate was very high and "A" and "B" rangefinders were able to see the enemy's superstructure for a short time only before "table turning." Conditions for ranging on the enemy's masts were not easy. As a result it required two down ladders to find the target.
5. Fire was opened at 0553, half a minute after Hood. A list of fire control signals made prior to opening fire is attached, as is also the zone time of each salvo fired by Prince of Wales on Form S.1148(f) with the number of guns fired in each salvo.
6. Salvoes 1 and 2 were spread for line, salvo 1 falling right and salvo 2 in line over. Salvoes 3 and 4 were fired as a down ladder and fell over. Salvoes 5 and 6 were fired as a further down ladder; 5 fell over and 6 straddled. It had been decided after Prince of Wales' last firing to use a 200-yard as opposed to a 100-yard zigzag, as the spreads were in the nature of 350 yards. Accordingly salvoes 7 and 8 were fired as a 200-yard zigzag about salvo 6's range. Both 7 and 8 were observed as over and salvoes 9 and 10 were fired as a regaining down ladder. Salvo 9 was seen to straddle, 10 short, and salvoes 11 and 12 were fired as a 200-yard zigzag about salvo 9's range. Both of these were spotted as short, and salvoes 13 and 14 were fired as a regaining ladder up: 13 appeared to straddle, 14 went over, and a further zigzag was fired with salvoes 15 and 16 about salvo 13's range; both of these appeared as short and salvoes 17 and 18 were fired as an up regaining ladder. The fall of shot of these salvoes is not certain, but it is probably that they went short; evidence of the Rate Officer's observations and settings and the fall of shot points to the fact that the enemy started altering away gradually at about salvo 14. Line was held throughout. A large line spread appeared temporarily in salvoes 11 and 12 and one or two shots fell ahead during this time. Spreads for elevation are not known, but it is thought that salvoes 17 and 18 were ragged as the ship was under full wheel at the time; the ship was listing heavily and it is known that there was considerable movement on both elevation and training pointers.
The true range on opening was 25,000 yards. The true range on ceasing fire was 14,500 yards.
No hits were observed, but it is likely from results observed that fire was effective between salvoes 5 and 16.
When the Fore Director was wooded during the turn away after salvo 18, the main switch in the T.S. was put over to after director. This director was also unable to see the enemy due to the ship's smoke screen, and the Officer of "Y" turret, using his own initiative, went into local control and fired three salvoes as he was able to see under the smoke.
The fall of shot of these three salvoes is uncertain.
"Y" turrets' shell ring jammed during the turn away and the turret was out of action until 0825, as has been described in Enclosure (III).
7. The 5.25-in. armament opened fire at a range of 18,600 yards. After firing a deflection triple, a 15-in. shell passed through the superstructure supporting the H.A. directors.
The shot caused the director to jam temporarily in training and the Control Officer of the latter ordered all turrets to go into "aft control". This was carried out, but about the same time a 15-in. shell burst on the boat deck and seriously upset the after starboard H.A. director. The crew of this director had already been considerably blasted by "Y" turret firing on a forward bearing. The 15-in. shell burst threw the Control Officer off his feet, broke his telephone lead, and a splinter hit his earphones and very slightly wounded him. By the time he had regained control of the situation, the target was lost behind smoke astern.
A careful inquiry has been held into the reason why the fore H.A. director jammed and no satisfactory explanation has been arrived at; the director was found to be "free" after the action and it is possible that the locking bolt jumped down and the Control Officer was too hasty in ordering "after control." This fact has not, however, been proved and it is also possible that the severe shaking the director had caused it to "bind" temporarily in training.
PoW's radar was working before and after the 1st action and McMullen obviously got confused, as he was recollecting events that occurred several decades earlier.
My emphasis via bolding and larger fonts.
Post by Alberto Virtuani » Sat Feb 23, 2019 10:12 pm
5. Fire was opened at 0553, half a minute after Hood.... "
Posting in large characters will not change the FACT that the GAR speaks about a time BEFORE fire was opened.
In his letter to Kennedy, McMullen explains very well that the 284 radar failed to provide the range until distance was down to 20000 yards, confirming the GAR, but he added that it provided a "good range plot" after that: http://www.hmshood.com/history/denmarks ... letter.htm
Sorry for Mr.Dunmunro and his low insinuations about memories, but I see very well how the McMullen letter above annoys his side-taken approach...
Last edited by Alberto Virtuani on Sat Feb 23, 2019 10:28 pm, edited 2 times in total.
In his letter to Kennedy, MCMullen explains very well that the 284 radar failed to provide the range until disatance was down to 20000 yards, then it provided a "good range plot" : http://www.hmshood.com/history/denmarks ... letter.htm
Sorry for Mr.Dunmunro and his insinuations...
No radar ranges were obtained during the 1st action. This is clearly stated in the GAR. Roskill personally inspected the radars before the action and this is from his history The War at Sea:
...The Prince of Wales' modem search radar set could also transmit ranges to the main armament. It must, however, be remembered that radar was at this time still in its infancy and that many ships were experiencing difficulty in obtaining the designed performance from their sets, owing, in no small measure, to inexperience of the operators in their maintenance and use. The Admiralty, fully alive to the great potentialities of this new development, had sent an officer to check both ships' sets at Scapa (16) — by chance on the day before they sailed on this operation— and they had then produced the designed performance. Both ships twice exercised with their sets during the westward passage and reported them correct. The radar policy ordered by Admiral Holland during the approach had, probably for reasons already suggested, forbidden the use of any set unless and until action became imminent, and it seems certain that transmission was not started until very shortly before fire was opened. In the Prince of Wales no results were obtained from either of her sets throughout the action. Yet the Suffolk, using a set identical to that fitted to the battleship's main armament, was successful in holding the Bismarck out to ten miles range. Whether the failure to obtain good ranging results was avoidable or not must remain a matter for conjecture. What is clear is that the angle of the approach gave the enemy the better chance of obtaining accurate initial ranges as well as the advantage in effective weight of broadsides. The handling of the four destroyers which remained to Admiral...
(16) The officer in question was the author of this history.
Roskill, Stephen. The War at Sea Volume I. The Defensive (HMSO Official History of WWII - Military Book 1)
was Roskill on board PoW directing her fire ? McMullen was, and his account is the only one we can trust, not showing any sign of dementia in his letter (http://www.hmshood.com/history/denmarks ... letter.htm).
Again, this refusal to accept what is written and clearly explained is the proof of the approach of this guy.
was Roskill on board PoW directing her fire ? McMullen was, and his account is the only one we can trust, not showing any sign of dementia (http://www.hmshood.com/history/denmarks ... letter.htm).
Old men's memories are unreliable and you can quote me on that.
Your inability to accept what was written at the time in favour of murky conspiracy theories speaks volumes about your integrity.
Bill Jurens
Post by Bill Jurens » Sat Feb 23, 2019 11:55 pm
K, gentlemen. Let's play nice and not get into another flurry of ad-hominems and personal criticisms, etc. These hardly ever, if ever at all, move the useful discussions forward. As before, there is no need for, or at least no need to continue the use of, emojis and extravagant font styles etc.
So far as sources are concerned, here is an old historical aphorism that may be useful here, namely "The most faded ink is worth more than the most vivid memory..."
Post by dunmunro » Sun Feb 24, 2019 4:14 am
Bill, I'm sorry that I expressed myself so directly but it'a pretty shocking when plain statements in the GAR are claimed to not to state what they plainly do state.
We know that if radar ranges had been used there would have been written notations made on PoW's AFCT paper plot and this would have been apparent during the creation of the GAR. Since Roskill personally inspected the radars on PoW prior to her leaving Scapa flow, I'm sure that he had a personal interest in getting that part of the story correct when he wrote The War at Sea.
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text:
Q: C shared memory with shmget-shmat not working like expected I found this strange behaviour when shearing memory between two processes
code 1
int main() {

    int *p;
    int shmID=shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,sizeof(int),0666|IPC_CREAT);
    p=shmat(shmID,NULL,0);
    *p=0;
    int pid=fork();
    if(pid>0)
        wait(NULL);

    *p=*p+1;
    printf("%d\n",*p);
return 0;

}

output 1
1
2

like expected
code 2
int main() {

    int *p;
    int shmID=shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,sizeof(int),0666|IPC_CREAT);
    p=shmat(shmID,NULL,0);
    *p=0;
    int pid=fork();
    if(pid>0)
        wait(NULL);

    *p=0;
    *p=*p+1;
    printf("%d\n",*p);
return 0;

}

output 2
1
1

When I give the sheared variable a value *p=0 then it beheves like it is not sheared between the processes.

A: You're making an assumption about the behavior of fork here. You're assuming that after the fork call both processes will run truly concurrently.
In addition to the inherent race condition in your code, that assumption may not hold and really depends on the implementation. It may be that the initial process continues until blocked, and only then the forked process runs, which would explain the results in #2 and also why you didn't actually run into the race condition in your experiments.

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text:
Q: html/css select last-child of last-child for ul/li I've got a

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so it would select the last
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one

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A: In your actual code, each ul is the last and only child of its parent div.accordionContent. That's why every ul is being matched by your selector.
Since the last div.accordionContent happens to also be the last child of your top-level element, you should be able to do this instead:
#accord_wrapper .accordionContent:last-child ul li:last-child

A: :last-child pseudo selector is from CSS3, so your browser needs to be compatible in order to use it. See http://caniuse.com/#search=%3Alast-child
By the way, .div ul:last-child li:last-child {border-bottom:1px etc} works as you described.

A: You can select any li inside your ul by using :nth-child(number)
Here's an example
html:

one

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let's say we want to select the third child inside ul, then we would use nth-child(3)
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News / Govt ready to bring in law if SC strikes down triple talaq: AG
Govt ready to bring in law if SC strikes down triple talaq: AG
12:47 PM, 15 May 2017
Union Government on Monday told the Supreme Court that it will come out with a law to regulate marriage and divorce among Muslims if triple talaq is held invalid and unconstitutional by the court.
Attorney General Mukul Rohatgi told a five-judge constitution bench headed by Chief Justice J S Khehar "If the practice of instant divorce (triple talaq) is struck down by the court, then Centre will bring a law to regulate marriage and divorce among the Muslim community."
Rohatgi's submission came when the court asked him what are the remedies for a Muslim man to come out of a marriage if such practices are struck down
Meanwhile, the Court made it clear to the Centre that it will only deal with the issue of triple talaq only. The bench said it will keep the issues of nikah halala and polygamy pending for now.
The Central Government on Monday insisted deliberations on these two issues as well and told the court that it will come out with legislation to regulate marriage and divorce among Muslims if court holds triple talaq as invalid and unconstitutional.
The five-judge bench headed by Justice Khehar was quoted, "It may not be possible to deal with all the three issues in the limited time we have. We will keep them pending for future", as saying by PTI.
A delegation of leaders from the Muslim community, under the umbrella of the Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind meeting Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi
The observation came after Attorney General (AG) Mukul Rohatgi said, "The scope of referring had all the three issues that was divorce, nikah halala, polygamy. All these three issues are before this court by virtue of the reference order of the two- judge bench."
The bench, which began hearing a clutch of petitions on 'instant triple talaq' or talaq-e-bidat last week, observed on its first hearing that it will first determine if instant triple talaq is fundamental to Islam while stating that it will not dwell on polygamy and nikah halala.
Monday's hearing was the third day of the hearing on a clutch of petitions challenging triple talaq, polygamy and 'nikah halala' which is going on before a bench comprising members of different religious communities including Sikh, Christian, Parsee, Hindu and Muslim.
Aun Jaitley on Triple Talaq, Supreme Court, Triple Talaq


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Ostrowieczko – wieś w Polsce położona w województwie wielkopolskim, w powiecie śremskim, w gminie Dolsk. W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość administracyjnie należała do województwa poznańskiego.

Niewielka wieś leżąca na stromym stoku opadającym w kierunku rynny jeziornej, położona przy drodze powiatowej nr 4082 z Dolska do Mchów przez Ostrowieczna i Ługi, 1,6 km na wschód od Dolska, we wsi znajduje się skrzyżowanie z drogą wiejską do Małego Trąbinka.

Wieś pierwszy raz w dokumentach pojawiła się w 1324 pod nazwą Ostrowitsko, wchodziła wtedy w skład dolskich majątków biskupów poznańskich. Właścicielami od XIX wieku byli Bojanowscy, następnie Carl Hoepfner, który wybudował w 1894 cegielnię, Stefan Chosłowski i Bolesław Kowalski.

10 października 1856 w miejscowości urodził się Brunon Edward Gardo – polski nauczyciel Katolickiej Szkoły Ludowej we Wrześni, związany ze strajkiem dzieci wrzesińskich w latach 1901-1902.

Zabytkiem wsi chronionym prawem jest zespół dworski składający się z dworu z XIX wieku, znanego z popularnej książki "Marianna i róże" oraz parku krajobrazowego o powierzchni 2,62 ha z początku XIX wieku.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Dolsk (gmina)


If This Then That is a way in which you can automate various tasks and activities across various platforms and systems. Below are some very simple "recipes" that might inspire you to make something new or to automate some of your daily tasks.
The system works like this, "If THIS then THAT" is the formula the system uses to listen and to identify what actions to take when it is activated. THIS is the causes. THAT is the result.
"If FACEBOOK then TWITTER" could be the recipe you would use to post on Twitter each time you posted on Facebook.


Big data analytics has had a transformative effect on health in recent years. Nurses are using analytics solutions to gather more information on their patients' health backgrounds, and physicians are adopting advanced technologies that help them predict future outcomes and develop effective prognoses.
It's important that as the health sector ramps up its attention to data-oriented solutions, it works to maintain data quality. There are grave risks inherent in working with health data - if just one piece of a patient's medical history is inaccurate, it can lead doctors to make erroneous diagnoses and proceed in misguided ways with treatment.
According to Nursing Times, the health industry is now beginning to feel a sense of urgency to recognize the importance of high-quality data. Anne Cooper, clinical informatics adviser for nursing at NHS England, believes that higher standards for data quality are essential.
"Data quality can be defined as data that is timely, complete, accurate, consistent and meaningful," Cooper stated. "We need to ensure the quality of our data when we record information about what we do. We should be recording consistently, accurately and avoiding duplication."
Cooper clarified that health organizations can adopt several effective strategies for ensuring data quality. One is placing a higher level of emphasis on clear, accurate record keeping. If health providers avoid making errors when recording information in the first place, they won't face the burden of having to correct their data clusters later.
Further, healthcare firms need to understand the systems they use for gathering and analyzing information. All employees need to be well versed in how to use the hardware and software tools at their disposal without any risk of malfunction or human error.
Data analysis can have a transformative - perhaps even life-saving - effect on patients everywhere. Quality data is therefore absolutely essential.


Mobile technology is enabling a broad transformation for companies in every industry. Organizations need to build foundational mobile capabilities in order to meet the changing demands of employees and their customers.
This blog gives everything an SMB needs to develop a digital vision and build new business models based on digital opportunities. We provide examples of organizations that have disrupted their industries by rethinking their approach to doing business, and we end with a recommended approach to jumpstarting your organization's digital journey.
A new digital industrial ecosystem known as Industry 4.0 is the interconnected factory where all equipment, people, and processes are online. The digital framework will make it possible to gather and analyze data across machines, enabling faster, more flexible, and more efficient processes to produce higher-quality products at lower costs.
Especially for small and medium scale manufacturing industries, a digital transformation will increase productivity, foster growth and ultimately change the competitiveness of a business.
Apart from product design, engineering, enterprise resources planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM), digital tools can address many pain-points of the services sector.
The most common challenges fall into the following four categories of digital applications.
What will be your return on investment?
The IBM Institute For Business Value found that 62% of IT leaders with a well-defined mobile strategy achieve ROI in 12 months or less, while VMWare's State of Business Mobility Report already have an average of 150% reported ROI on business mobility investments.
Beckman Coulter, Inc., a US-based medical devices manufacturing company that is dedicated to advancing and optimizing the laboratory. For more than 80 years, they have been a trusted partner for laboratory professionals, helping to advance scientific research and patient care. They are leaders in delivering better patient care, and a provider of trusted scientific solutions.
Their instruments are used in hospitals and other critical care settings around the world. Their instruments are used by physicians to diagnose disease, make treatment decisions and monitor patients.
Beckman's solutions are used in thousands of universities, government, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and commercial laboratories. Therefore, they have a robust support team to handle the servicing of instruments that need maintenance.
Beckman decided to invest in a mobile application that offers self-service support to their customers. The maintenance request, once filed by the customers, is then transferred to Beckman's TEC personal/service engineer who can view and act on the complaints that have been registered.
Previously done only through telephone and email, the mobile app offers a significant advantage in the quality and effectiveness of their support team. Their digital transformation now enables them to provide faster customer care.
Almost every element of our life now contains a digital component. A digital transformation is, therefore, an indispensable condition for the future survival of a company.
Non-digital companies will start to find things difficult within a matter of years. From the way employees work and collaborate, the way business processes are automated, or in the way the company understands and services customers, technology provides a wealth of opportunity to those willing to change their businesses to take advantage of it.


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Baptiste v. Ercole, Civil Action No. 9:08–CV–00728 (TJM).
Court United States District Courts. 2nd Circuit. United States District Court of Northern District of New York
Writing for the Court Hon. THOMAS J. McAVOY, Senior District Judge.
Citation 766 F.Supp.2d 339
Parties Malcolm BAPTISTE, Petitioner,v.Robert ERCOLE, Supt., Green Haven Correctional Facility, Respondent.
Docket Number Civil Action No. 9:08–CV–00728 (TJM).
Malcolm BAPTISTE, Petitioner,
Robert ERCOLE, Supt., Green Haven Correctional Facility, Respondent.
Civil Action No. 9:08–CV–00728 (TJM).
United States District Court, N.D. New York.
Jan. 21, 2011.
[766 F.Supp.2d 343]
Office of Jonathan I. Edelstein, Jonathan I. Edelstein, Esq., of Counsel, New York, NY, for Petitioner.Hon. Eric T. Schneiderman, Office of the Attorney General, Leilani J. Rodriguez, Esq., Ass't Attorney General, of Counsel, New York, NY, for Respondent.
DECISION AND ORDER Hon. THOMAS J. McAVOY, Senior District Judge.
Petitioner Malcolm Baptiste is an inmate in the custody of the New York Department of Correctional Services ("DOCS"). He was convicted by a jury in Schenectady County Court of two counts of second degree murder (N.Y. Penal Law § 125.25(2)) and second degree criminal possession of a weapon (N.Y. Penal Law § 265.03) and was sentenced to serve an aggregate term of fifty years to life in prison. Dkt. No. 1 at 2.
Petitioner seeks a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 on the grounds that: (1) the evidence was insufficient to prove depraved indifference murder; (2) his post-arrest statements should have been suppressed because police lacked probable cause to arrest him; (3) he was improperly precluded from calling a rebuttal witness; (4) trial counsel was ineffective; and (5) appellate counsel was ineffective. Dkt. No. 1 at 5–14, including attached pages; Dkt. No. 5, Memorandum of Law ("Mem.") at 10–32. Respondent has filed an answer, memorandum of law and the relevant state court records. Dkt. Nos. 13–20. Petitioner filed a reply memorandum. Dkt. No. 23. For the reasons that follow, the petition is denied and dismissed.
I. Relevant Background
The Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department, briefly summarized the facts of this case:
On August 11, 1995, defendant and his former girlfriend, Jeanette Cortijo, engaged in a verbal altercation, after which defendant uttered that he was tired of her and "I am going to kill her." In the early morning hours of August 12, 1995, the two had another altercation where defendant pushed Cortijo into her car. She then drove her car at defendant, causing him to fall off of the bicycle he was riding. He again stated that he was tired of her and was going to kill her. Defendant then retrieved his 9 millimeter gun from the apartment at 945 Emmett Street in the City of Schenectady, Schenectady County, where he lived with codefendant Jamal Dennis 1
and three women. He and Dennis located Cortijo, leading to another verbal altercation. While the two men attempted to walk away, Cortijo followed them in her car, drove away, then quickly returned. At that point, at approximately 3:30 A.M., defendant shot into Cortijo's car multiple times, killing her and her passenger, Chakima Dickerson.
Defendant and Dennis then fled and returned to their nearby apartment, where defendant admitted to one of the women that he killed Cortijo. At approximately 4:00 A.M., defendant called a girlfriend in Brooklyn to pick him up.
An individual informed the police that he saw three men running in the direction of an alley next to 945 Emmett Street at about the time of the shootings. Police saw defendant, Dennis and others hurriedly loading a cab from Brooklyn at that location at approximately 9:00 A.M. Police questioned these individuals regarding their actions and the cab was searched, revealing nothing. The vehicle then left for Brooklyn. Later that morning, a downstairs resident of 945 Emmett Street called the police. She had found a shirt wrapped around a gun clip in the backyard bushes, which had not been there around 1:00 A.M. The clip contained 9 millimeter bullets of the same brand as the casings recovered from the crime scene. As a result of this discovery, the Schenectady police sent a bulletin to the State Police requesting that they stop the cab and detain its occupants. Several State Police cars stopped the vehicle on the Thruway. Troopers approached with guns drawn, requesting that everyone exit the vehicle. Each occupant was patted down, handcuffed and then transported to the State Police barracks in separate police cars. At the barracks, defendant was shackled to the wall in an investigation room and read his Miranda rights; he sat for about two hours and then was questioned. At first, defendant denied knowing anything about the incident. Questioning continued, intermittently, for several hours, during which time defendant was provided food, beverages and cigarettes. Meanwhile, in Schenectady, police located a 9 millimeter Glock pistol and empty clip in a vacant lot two blocks from the murder scene and one block from 945 Emmett Street.
At about 5:30 P.M., an investigator spoke with defendant, after again reading him his Miranda rights. Questioning elicited that defendant knew Cortijo, she was a former girlfriend and they had argued the previous night. A few hours later, defendant made an incriminating, but also exculpatory, oral statement to the investigator. The investigator then went through defendant's story again, reducing it to writing, which defendant reviewed and signed at about 11:30 P.M.
Defendant was charged by indictment with 11 counts, including two counts of murder in the second degree in violation of Penal Law § 125.25(1), two counts of murder in the second degree in violation of Penal Law § 125.25(2), and one count of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree in violation of Penal Law § 265.03. Following an extensive Huntley hearing, County Court found the stop and subsequent arrest legal, rendering defendant's statements admissible. After a jury trial, during which several counts of the indictment were dismissed, defendant was convicted of two counts of second degree murder in violation of Penal Law § 125.25(2) (depraved mind murder) and one count of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree. Defense counsel unsuccessfully
moved for a new trial, pursuant to CPL 330.30. County Court sentenced defendant to two consecutive prison terms of 25 years to life for the murder counts, and a concurrent prison term of 5 to 15 years for the weapon count.
People v. Baptiste, 306 A.D.2d 562, 563–64, 760 N.Y.S.2d 594 (3d Dep't.2003).
Petitioner timely appealed his conviction, arguing that: (1) the trial court erred by failing to dismiss the depraved indifference murder charges because if he was guilty at all, the shootings were intentional and not reckless; (2) his statements should have been suppressed as fruit of the poisonous tree because police lacked probable cause to arrest him; (3) the trial court deprived him of his right to confront witnesses against him by not permitting him to call witnesses to impeach a prosecution witness; (4) trial counsel was ineffective; and (5) the sentence was harsh and excessive. Dkt. No. 16, Ex. F at 63–86. The People opposed the appeal, and Petitioner filed a reply brief. Id. at Exs. G–H.
On April 24, 2001, while Petitioner's direct appeal was pending, he filed a motion to vacate his conviction pursuant to New York Criminal Procedure Law ("CPL") § 440.10 on the ground that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to: (1) raise the defenses of mental disease or defect or temporary insanity; (2) discuss trial strategy or any potential defenses with Petitioner; (3) call an expert witness; (4) request a missing witness charge; and (5) assisting the prosecution in obtaining a key witness. Dkt. No. 16, Ex. A. The Schenectady County Court denied the motion on August 6, 2001, finding that Petitioner received "effective assistance of counsel." Id., Ex. C, at 2. On October 10, 2001, the Appellate Division, Third Department, granted Petitioner leave to appeal that decision and consolidated it with Petitioner's direct appeal. Id. at Ex. E.
On June 5, 2003, the Appellate Division affirmed both Petitioner's conviction and the denial of his section 440 motion. Baptiste, 306 A.D.2d at 562–70, 760 N.Y.S.2d 594. See Dkt. No. 16, Ex. J. Leave to appeal to the New York Court of Appeals was denied on January 26, 2004. Baptiste, 1 N.Y.3d 594, 776 N.Y.S.2d 226, 808 N.E.2d 362 (2004); Dkt. No. 16, Ex. L.
On December 1, 2004, Petitioner filed a second section 440 motion on the ground that counsel was ineffective for failing to argue that: (1) the depraved indifference murder statute was unconstitutional as applied to Petitioner; and (2) the evidence was solely consistent with intentional murder. Dkt. No. 16, Ex. M at 5–20. The People opposed the motion, and Petitioner filed a reply. Id. at Exs. N–O. On May 12, 2005, the Schenectady County Court denied the motion pursuant to CPL § 440.10(3)(c) because Petitioner previously filed a section 440 motion alleging ineffective assistance of counsel but did not raise these grounds, and pursuant to CPL § 440.10(2)(a) because Petitioner's challenge to the "submission and conviction of Depraved Indifference Murder was raised and affirmed on appeal." Dkt. No. 16, Ex. P, at 2. The court also noted that Petitioner raised an ineffective assistance of counsel claim on direct appeal that was rejected. Id. The Appellate Division denied leave to appeal on July 28, 2005. Dkt. No. 16, Ex. R.
On August 31, 2005, Petitioner filed a writ of error coram nobis in which he argued that appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to argue trial counsel was ineffective for not arguing that the depraved indifference murder statute was unconstitutionally vague as applied to Petitioner. Dkt. No. 16, Ex. S, at 5–18. Petitioner also asked the Appellate Division to vacate its June 5, 2003 decision affirming his conviction and to permit additional
briefing on whether the New York Court of Appeals's decision in People v. Payne, 3 N.Y.3d 266, 786 N.Y.S.2d 116, 819 N.E.2d 634 (2004) was retroactively applicable to Petitioner's case. Id. at 18–27. The People opposed the writ, and Petitioner filed a...
Hughes v. Sheahan, 9:15–CV–0896
United States District Courts. 2nd Circuit. United States District Court of Northern District of New York
...if so, which witnesses to call, is a tactical decision that generally should not be disturbed on habeas review." Baptiste v. Ercole , 766 F.Supp.2d 339, 363 (N.D.N.Y. 2011) (McAvoy, J.) (denying petitioner's claim that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to call exculpatory witnesses ......
Pine v. Superintendent, No. 9:13–CV–1458.
...regarding his plea, appellate counsel's performance was not deficient for failing to advance this claim.10See Baptiste v. Ercole,766 F.Supp.2d 339, 367 (N.D.N.Y.2011)("Since Petitioner's 'predicate claim for ineffective trial counsel is meritless, his claim for ineffective appellate counsel......
Rodriguez v. Smith, No. 10-CV-8306 (KMK) (LMS)
United States District Courts. 2nd Circuit. United States District Courts. 2nd Circuit. Southern District of New York
...(dismissing claim that the indictment was multiplicitous in violation of the Double Jeopardy Clause); see also Baptiste v. Ercole, 766 F. Supp. 2d 339, 356 (N.D.N.Y. 2011) ("The ultimate question under the AEDPA is whether the Appellate Division unreasonably applied clearly established Supr......
Blond v. Graham, No. 9:12-cv-1849-JKS
...have been called or what would have been the thrust of their testimony, and his claim is therefore rejected. See Baptiste v. Ercole, 766 F. Supp. 2d 339, 363 (N.D.N.Y. 2011) ("Petitioner has not identified any witness counsel failed to call, nor has he set forth any facts or arguments in su......


text:
Google Bloggsök är en variant på Googles "vanliga" sökmotor som används för att söka igenom bloggar på samma sätt som med standarsökmotorn.

Externa länkar
 http://blogsearch.google.com/

Bloggsök
Sökmotorer


text:
Percorso:ANSA > Nuova Europa > Science & Technology > AI: Udine-Klagenfurt,the first cybersecurity graduates today
AI: Udine-Klagenfurt,the first cybersecurity graduates today
"Double degree" between Friuli and Austria Universities
(ANSA) - UDINE, 21 OTT - Announced today at the University of Udine the first three master's graduates in "Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity," an international English-language degree program that provides a "double degree" from the University of Friuli and Alpen-Adria Universität in Klagenfurt, Austria, and requires at least one semester of study at the neighboring country's university. The three recent graduates, Renato Acampora, Alessio Fiorin, and Magdalena Maria Solitro, have already gained admission to Ph.D. programs in Italy (Udine), Spain (Tarragona), and Austria (Vienna), respectively.
Their theses, in English, were jointly supervised by a supervisor from Udine and one from Klagenfurt.
"We are proud of the first three graduates of this master's degree program we started two years ago," said the Dean of the Friulian university, Roberto Pinton, "a degree path shared with the University of Klagenfurt, and therefore the degree has a double value. We are among the first to have started it as a master's degree course, one of the steps in the evolution of the computer science area, which in our university boasts a 40-year tradition, as it started shortly after the foundation of the university." "The course - explained two of the creators, Agostino Dovier, new delegate for Didactics at the University of Udine, and Angelo Montanari, vice-rector - offers training on a wide spectrum of activities and profiles required by the companies, nationally and internationally, such as specialists in Artificial Intelligence and computer security, software or system analysts and designers." "It's a positive thing that students can gain research experience in both the universities of Udine and Klagenfurt - said Prof. Wolfgang Faber of the University of Klagenfurt - therefore, we are also very proud of this cooperation, which will continue in the coming years." (ANSA).


text:
#import <iWorkImport/GQHTextBox.h>

@interface GQHTextBox (Private)
+ (int)outputWrapSandbagsForShape:(id)arg1 layoutStyle:(id)arg2 state:(id)arg3;
+ (int)outputInnerSandbagsForShape:(id)arg1 layoutStyle:(id)arg2 state:(id)arg3;
+ (void)outputSandbag:(id)arg1 state:(id)arg2;
@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub