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10 Remarkable Romanesque Architectures That Inspired Modern Sculpture
Romanesque architecture describes the buildings which flourished during the Medieval Era. It was influenced by Roman architecture, Islamic art, and Byzantine art.
Rupesh Chhabra
Romanesque architecture, the name, implies the architecture inspired by Roman architecture. It describes the European architecture that emerged in the late tenth century and evolved into Gothic architecture during the 12th century. The term Romanesque was introduced by Charles-Alexis-Adrien de Greville in 1818 to describe the form of architecture and art that preceded Gothic.
Combining the features of Byzantine buildings and ancient Roman, Romanesque architecture is well known for its round arches, decorative arcading, thick walls, and sturdy pillars. Most buildings that are constructed based on Noman architecture have symmetrical plans. Romanesque architecture can be identified across entire Europe. The number of castles during that period were more than churches. A few of them are still standing but are not used frequently.
Earlier it was believed that the ancient people were backward and simple. But this is not true. There are architecture, well-engineered highways, and other things that we owe to Romans. Know about some significant contributions by Romans to the modern world. From the 5th to10th century, several churches were built using Romanesque architecture.
Romanesque Architecture - First Romanesque and Romanesque Style
Romanesque architecture is divided into Romanesque style and First Romanesque.
The First Romanesque style was developed in Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula in the 10th century. It is also known as the Lombard Romanesque style. It is identified by the presence of rhythmic ornamental arches that are called Lombard bands.
The Romanesque style is characterized by the increased use of dressed stone and a more refined style. Check out a few amazing works of Romanesque architecture below.
1. Notre Dame de Tournai - Belgium
Source = Wikimedia
Notre Dame de Tournai in Belgium is one of the landmarks that have been declared as World Heritage sites. It is a rare piece that combines three periods of architectural influence- The Gothic, Romanesque, and The Transitional. This Romanesque Architecture is a gem of the medieval period and has been titled as a World Heritage site and Wallonia's major heritage.
The site was completed in 1700 and featured the character of the Romanesque with its semicircular arcs. It was during WWII, some of the cathedral buildings got damaged. The cathedral remains open for visitors from April to October. On weekdays, you can visit the site from 9 am to 6 pm and during holidays from 10-12 am and 2-6 pm. In winter, it is open from November to March from 9 am to 5 pm.
2. Church of St. Trophime, Arles, France
Source = Kastatic
Church of St. Trophime was built between the 12th and 15th centuries. It is a very beautiful pilgrimage site and is one of the best examples of Romanesque architecture. Dedicated to St. Trophimus, first Bishop of Arles, it served for long as a cathedral and was the location for several events such as coronations (ceremony of crowning a sovereign's consort) King of Burgundy and King of Arles.
This beautiful architecture has undergone renovation several times, and the original furnishings were demolished during the Revolution. Church of St. Trophime is a prominent ensemble of French sculpture and reflects the artistic and religious significance of Arls.
The 17th-century Statue of Our Lady of Grace is worth noting at a site. This marble statue of Madonna and Child was created by sculptor Leonardo Mirano. Another notable structure is of Ancient Sarcophagi. It stands along the north wall and features partially damaged figures.
In 2012, after the completion of document work, on the exterior, the east and north gallery elevations were restored. Inside the gallery, the stone works were cleaned and restored.
3. Basilica of Saint Servatius, Netherlands
Source = Sacredsites
The Basilica of Saint Servatius in the Netherlands is dedicated to Saint Servatius. He was an Armenian missionary who was buried in Maastricht in 384. Over the years, the church underwent many changes. The present building is a mix of several architectural styles.
In the 17th century, the rod screen of the life of Servatius was destroyed. By the 18th century, the church was painted white, and glass windows were replaced by colorless glass. In 1846, a few panels of Saint Servatius were sold to a dealer and then added to the Royal Museums of Art and History in Brussels. The old church was replaced by a church in the 7th century, which was later replaced by the current structure after several modifications.
The exterior and interior of this Romanesque architecture contain architectural sculpture that is considered the most beautiful and amazing piece in the Mosan region. The mortal remains of the Saint are kept in the box and displayed in the Treasury of Saint Servatius Church.
The site is a perfect location for holidaying. After visiting the church, you can enjoy drinks and beautiful views at several hotels at a nearby location.
4. Gniezno Doors, Poland
These famous doors have attracted art historians and tourists since the 18th century. The doors feature 18 panels. Each of the panels is engraved with scenes from the life of St. Adalbert of Prague. The left door exhibits his early life, and the right door describes his missionary activities.
The story starts from its birth from the left and then goes upwards. It features the baptism of Adalbert. He was then sent to the monastery in Magdeburg. The right door going downwards describes the baptism of Prussians, Adalbert celebrating his holy mass, his martyrdom, and when his body was moved from Prussia to Gniezno.
Unfortunately, the name of the creators of this door is vanished now. Damage blurred the names of the craftsmen. However, studies suggest that at least three men designed the door. The left door is 84 cm wide and 328 cm high, and the right door is 83 cm wide and 323 high. The only door that can be compared with Gniezno door was made in Magdeburg in about 1150 for the Plock cathedral.
5. St Martin's Cathedral, Bratislava
Source = Welcometobratislava
St Martin's Cathedral in Bratislava is one of the oldest churches in the town and is known for being the coronation church of the Kingdom of Hungary. The interior of the site is 16.02 meters high and 22.85 meters wide and features a divided portal and a relief of Holy Trinity.
It is the most important Gothic building in Slovakia's capital and was built during the 13 and 14th centuries. It features the picturesque remains of outbuildings, working seminary on cobblestone sidestreet.
Long before, when the church was constructed, there was a market and a chapel. Inside the church lie the marble tombstones of the Zapolsky Family and paintings describing the coronation of Charles Robert of Anjou.
If you ever plan to visit Bratislava, do not miss visiting St Martin's Cathedral. It is the second most popular tourist attraction in the town.
6. Lund Cathedral, Scania, Sweden
Source = Vaticannews
Lund Cathedral is the center of attention of the city Lund. It features impressive work of medieval architecture and is also the oldest church in Scandinavia. It was built in 1104 as a Romanesque basilica with two lower side aisles. It was in 1234 when the site got damaged by fire. Most of the renovation was done during the 16th century, but it lasted until the 19th century, and then the church was restored.
The astronomical clock near the main entrance is the attraction of the site. It was created around 1425 and even displays the zodiac signs, moon phases, and dates over 200 years. Its construction is the best example of Romanesque architecture with tall stone arches adorning its front.
Source = Netdna-ssl
Come at 12 and 3 pm, and you will be entertained by the medieval jubilee in Dulci Jubilo and a procession of three kings describing the medieval continents. The exterior of the Lund cathedral is impressive, and its interiors are awesome.
It played an important role in Denmark's history as it was the place for meetings between nobility and kings. Located in the middle of Lund, the place is free to visit and is very near to top restaurants and cafes. It is dark and has a few small windows to allow sunshine.
7. Durham Cathedral, England
Source = Worldatlas
Durham Cathedral, or Blessed Mary the Virgin, or commonly identified as the Cathedral Church of Christ, is located in the city of Durham, England. The site features a thousand years of the social, political, and religious history of the British. Durham Cathedral was constructed between 1133 in the Romanesque style. It is well known for its Romanesque architecture and was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site with Durham castle.
The construction of the site was started in 1093 by Bishop William of St Calais. The cathedral has been in use since its first construction. It is a place of worship, tourist attraction, and holds over 1500 services a year. The new construction of the place features the towering sandstone pillars and stunning wall paintings. Also, don't miss the medieval Cloister, which was shown in two Harry Potter films.
8. New Cathedral of Salamanca
Source = Skidmore
The Cathedral of Salamanca has unique carvings, but its most unusual carving is of astronauts. Besides unique carvings on the facade, an astronaut with breathing apparatus and tubes attached on his back are the center of attention.
Source = Irishtimes
The astronaut was carved during restoration in 1992. The old Salamanca was built in the 15th century and was designed according to the Romanesque architectural style. The site was rebuilt in the 17th century, but the style became old, so it was changed into the Gothic style. However, you can still see the Romanesque style through its transept and tower. It is the only church that has this kind of modern art engraved.
Source = Theculturetrip
Besides and astronaut, the Cathedral of Salamanca has a dragon engraved eating ice cream. The point is that ice cream cones were not invented until the 20th century. Read the mystery of astronaut and modern figures from the cathedral of the 16th century.
9. Basilica de Santa Maria Maggiore, Italy
Source = Mywowo
Santa Maria Maggiore is the largest Catholic Marian church in Rome. Over the years, the site had many different names like Santa Maria Liberia, Saint Mary of the Snow, and it was finally renamed as Santa Maria Maggiore.
The basilica shows different architectural styles like Baroque and Christian. The ceiling of the site is the original wood from the 15th century and is covered in gold. You can't miss a piece of Jesus crib that was brought from Bethlehem in the 7th century.
The interior of Santa Maria preserves its Early Christian form, which was important in Rome in the 5th century. It is a complex structure and represents the period between the 5th and 13th centuries. The church retains the original structure, however additional constructions are being made after the earthquake in 1348.
The mosaics found in this church are the oldest representations of the Virgin Mary in Christian Late Antiquity. The mosaics represent the insights of religious, artistic, and social movements during this time.
10. San Nicola di Trullas, Italy
Source = Sardegnaturismo
It is one of the most amazing buildings with Romanesque architecture in Italy. The church of San Nicola de Trullas was built by the Athen family and donated to the Camaldolese monks. Along with the beauty of architectural forms, there is a fresco that decorates its interior beautifully.
It is an example of Pisan-Lombardy Romanesque architecture. The facade of the church is divided into two parts. The lower part shows the architrave portal, whereas, the upper part shows the small arches on columns that create a false loggia.
No doubt, these Romanesque architectures have fascinated a lot of people from around the world. The interiors and exteriors of these churches are unique in their way and would never be created again. But several churches have weird interiors that can give goosebumps and also hold some secrets. Would you ever dare to visit them?
These were the best examples of Romanesque architecture turned into tourist attractions. Check a few extraordinary examples of French Baroque architecture, which became the striking style of the 17th century.
Have you ever visited any of these Romanesque architectures? If so, how was your experience? Share it with us.
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text:
MacCallum-Stewart, Esther
Maeder, Dominik, University of Siegen (Germany)
Maher, John, University of Limerick, Ireland (Ireland)
Manker, Jon, Södertörn University (Sweden)
Martin, Paul
McAllister, Ken S., University of Arizona
McAllister, Ken S., The University of Arizona
McArthur, Victoria, School of Journalism and Communication Carleton University Ottawa, Canada (Canada)
McDougall, Julian, Newman University College
Medler, Ben, Georgia Institute of Technology
Meintema, Ruben Aize, University of Groningen (Netherlands)
Meister, Helle
Mitgutsch, Konstantin, University of Vienna
Mitgutsch, Konstantin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (United States)
Mittell, Jason, Middlebury College (United States)
Moberly, Kevin, Old Dominion University
Moeller, Ryan M., Utah State University
Moreton, Robert
Morsi, Khaled, San Diego State University (United States)
Mullen, Mark, The George Washington University
Murray, Liam, University of Limerick, Ireland (Ireland)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Lieutenant (Hardcover)
By Kate Grenville
September 2009 Indie Next List
"Kate Grenville brings alive the rigors of life in the newly established penal colony in Sydney Harbor and the thrill and excitement of the first exchange of information across two unintelligible languages. The first encounters of two cultures are told from the unique perspective of a gentle mathematician, who begins to empathize with the native tribes, to the lasting detriment of his military and scientific career."
— Darwin Ellis, Books on the Common, Ridgefield, CT
A stunning follow-up to her Commonwealth Writers' Prize-winning book, The Secret River, Grenville's The Lieutenant is a gripping story about friendship, self-discovery, and the power of language set along the unspoiled shores of 1788 New South Wales. As a boy, Daniel Rooke was an outsider. Ridiculed in school and misunderstood by his parents, Daniel could only hope that he would one day find his place in life. When he joins the marines and travels to Australia as a lieutenant on the First Fleet, Daniel finally sees his chance for a new beginning. As his countrymen struggle to control their cargo of convicts and communicate with nearby Aboriginal tribes, Daniel constructs an observatory to chart the stars and begin the work he prays will make him famous. But the place where they have landed will prove far more revelatory than the night sky. Out on his isolated point, Daniel comes to intimately know the local Aborigines and forges a remarkable connection with one girl that will change the course of his life. The Lieutenant is a remarkable story about the poignancy of a friendship that defies linguistic and cultural barriers, and shows one man that he is capable of exceptional courage.
Grenville's portrait of the obtuse yet engaging Rooke and her descriptions of this strange territory are marvelously evocative. . . . The fragility of the encounters [between Rooke and Tagaran] further heightens the suspense that Grenville so deftly sustains. Tragedy looms, of course, just outside the delicate frame of this elegiac novel, but Grenville allows us to marvel at one universe in the act of encountering another' even as we dread the inevitable result."Anna Mundow, The Boston Globe
[A] richly imagined portrait of a deeply introspective, and quite remarkable, man."Alison McCulloch, The New York Times Book Review
Exquisite . . . Grenville has created a magnificent work of fiction that encompasses the excitement of adventure, the thrill of discovery, the mysteries of the unknown, the ambiguity of relationships and the ethical and moral dilemma of choosing between duty to country or to mankind."Corinna Lothar, The Washington Times
A prescriptive plea for cultural understanding [that] draws revelatory connections between emotional empathy and scientific discovery. . . . The crisp prose of The Lieutenant [often] approaches poetry . . . [and] compels as a historical novel exploring the sins of Australia's colonial past, an admirable testament to the necessity that the West learn to appreciate rather than condemn the Other. But Grenville's most thrilling achievement is to filter that lesson in social acceptance through the computational consciousness of a man whose head is in the stars."Bill Marx, Los Angeles Times
"What differentiates The Lieutenant from The Secret River is a surprising and refreshing theme of belonging and connectivity. Present are Grenville's consistent abilities to understand and re-birth history into a contextual narrative, but here those skills coalesce into an overarching message: 'Everything is part of every other thing, now and forever.' . . . Understanding and meaning [can be] found far from anything we could have imagined. The Lieutenant is a great read that reminds us the finding is possible."--Michelle AuBuchon, Brooklyn Rail
Vivid . . . Delightful . . . Grenville's storytelling shines: the backdrop is lush and Daniel is a wonderful creationa conflicted, curious and endearing eccentric."Publishers Weekly
Grenville displays a graceful touch with the characters and the history that so clearly move her, and her writing sparkles with life. Highly recommended."Library Journal (starred review)
Grenville follows The Secret River with another lyrical and literary exploration of the history of Australia. . . . Loosely based on historical facts, this novel of discovery is about much more than exploring new lands. It is about one man's personal voyage into the heart of a people."Mary Ellen Quinn, Booklist
I'm a shamefully late, and enraptured, discoverer of Kate Grenville, whose The Lieutenant is a supremely good novel. . . . [It] has excited me more than any novel I've read since those of W. G. Sebald." Diana Athill, author of Somewhere Toward the End
[The Lieutenant] glows with life: imaginative in its re-creations, respectful of what cannot be imagined, and thoughtful in its interrogation of the past. . . . Grenville's most intellectually sophisticated novel to date." Kerryn Goldsworthy, The Age (Australia)
[The Lieutenant] has a potency and beauty that lingers in both the heart and mind's eye. . . . Rooke and Tagaran are superbly written, and Grenville conveys not only the sense of true kinship that grows between them, but also the euphoria of connection and understanding between two people from different universes. [The Lieutenant] visits a part of Australian black-white history and finds a true heart of goodness there." Lucy Clark, The Sunday Telegraph (Australia)
Grenville inhabits characters with a rare completeness . . . and writes with a poet's sense of rhythm and imagery. . . . [She] explores the natural rifts that arise between settlers and native people with a deep understanding of the ambiguities inherent in such conflicts . . . [and] occupies the mind of Rooke with a kind of vivid insistence, and his isolationand moral dilemmasbecome ours." Jay Parini, The Guardian (UK)
Masterful . . . Grenville's easy writing leads us gently toward the inevitable cultural collision, building subtle tension as the playing field becomes more and more uneven. And woven throughout this fictionalized history is a moving and compassionate glimpse into the proud intelligence of the Aboriginal tribes in that moment of hesitation before good intentions are swept aside in the name of queen and country."Judith Meyrick, The Chronicle Herald
Grenville has fashioned an original, inviting tale that makes her country's colonial history as fresh as it is to her wide-eyed protagonist in 1788. . . . Grenville's prose is clear and clean . . . [with] an innocence to the voice that is almost reminiscent of a fairytale and its purposeful naivety well suits the point of view of a curious but inexperienced hero. . . . Basing her tale on real events and a real historical character, Grenville has brought imagination and compassion to the source of so much of Australia's retroactive hand-wringing. What distinguishes her portrayal of the Aboriginal culture is that for once appreciation, sympathy, and admiration get the better of impotent guilt."Lionel Shriver, The Telegraph (UK)
A particular kind of stillness marks out Grenville's characters as uniquely hers. . . . The relationship between the awkward soldier, in his red coat and brass buttons, and the young naked girl, is a beautifully uplifting piece of fiction. Nimbly avoiding categorizations of filial, fraternal or sexual love, their sharing of language and then understanding simply describes the love that one human being finally finds for another. . . . Between the words and among them, this is a profoundly uplifting novelone that leaves you understanding Rooke's premise: that 'Truth [needs] hundreds of words, or none.'"Katy Guest, The Independent (UK)
The encounters between Rooke and the Gadigal, especially a young girl called Tagaran, are wonderfully shimmering and authenticgripping, I couldn't put it down."Weekend Herald (New Zealand)
An extraordinary adventure into the nature of language, culture and human communication. It is also a thrilling alternative history of modern Australia's beginnings. . . . Grenville's great victory in this book is to show us that language is so much more than vocabulary or even grammar and syntax . . . Grenville's writing is so clear as to be transparentAll in all, an epiphanous book, her best, I think."Listener
An intelligent, spare, always engrossing imagining of first contact, in which the fictionalization of history allows a comment about current postcolonial race relationships which escapes the didacticism of special pleading."Patrick Denman Flanery, Times Literary Supplement
In lucid prose and perfectly measured strides, Grenville lays down her riveting tale."Stephanie Cross, The Daily Mail
Genuinely affecting, [The Lieutenant] is another capable tranche of character-based, historical fiction and a worthy foil to its predecessor."Melissa McClements, Financial Times
Rooke and Tagaran . . . develop together the first stumbling vocabulary and grammar of an indigenous Australian language for English speakers. . . . This exploration project, undertaken marvelously as a language adventure, is an Australian fiction delight. . . . Grenville hasn't written a historical novel. She has written astutely about dark hearts today."Nigel Krauth, Australian
[Grenville's] reflections on the relationship of language to life, perspective to meaning, literature to truth all sprout from the seeds of historical record and twine enticingly throughout the novel."Katharine England, Adelaide Advertiser
[With The Lieutenant] Grenville achieves what few Australian writers have accomplished: a convincing paean to Australia's seductiveness. . . . Character is one of [Grenville's] strong suits, and this vision of a budding relationship between the sparkling Aboriginal girl and the sensitive young man of science is a triumph of imaginative history. Grenville's book has a point of view, to be sure, but it also has a sense of humor--and its power, like that of all great novels, derives from the author's deep and abiding affection for all concerned."Christina Thompson, The Monthly (AU)
"From one of [Australia's] most accomplished novelists, [The Lieutenant] a universal story of the great and joyous gravity of decent human interaction, of finding then unlocking your soul. It is also a platonic love story that is profoundly moving. . . . This is a book about the power of languagewhat we say and don't say."Matthew Condon, Courier-Mail (AU)
A compelling and beautifully written bookeverything readers have come to expect from Kate Grenville."South Coast Register (AU)
Publisher: Atlantic Monthly Press
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The need for a country of having minimum wage-fixing machinery was stressed by the International Labour Organisation long back in 1928. Twenty years later our country passed the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. The reason given by the Government for passing the Act was that workers' organisations in the country were poorly developed and consequently their bargaining power also was very poor.
Like the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 this Act also is exhaustively amended by many States to widen its scope and application. The Act is a boon to a large number of poorly paid persons in this country.
To be fixed by the hour, by the day or by such a longer wage-period works on any day in excess of the number of hours constituting normal working day.
•	To be filled by before authority constituted under the Act within 6 months.
All workers irrespective of their status or salaries either directly or through contractor or a person recruited to work abroad.
On death or personal injury resulting into total or partial disablement or occupational disease caused to a workman arising out of and during the course of employment.
1068 words - 5 pages governmental intervention to raise wages so that people would've had a better standard of living, however this was not able to occur. In conclusion I think that we can see a great correlation between: the 18th century economy and the state of its labour market; and the classical view of economics and how they thought that wages would react to the changes in the supply and demand for labour. This is mainly due to the government's minimal input, the lack of a minimum wage and the fact that everyone's skill set was near enough the same.
415 words - 2 pages about the increment of the minimum wages in which she said that the weekly earnings rose about 2.4% with respect to the previous year. However, according to a report made recently by Mortimer B. Zuckerman in which he expresses some declining in hours of the manufacturing work week (from 40.8 to 40.6), fewer jobs (minus 236,000 positions) and other facts, leads to the conclusion that the U.S economy is approaching a stagnant recovery.
1798 words - 8 pages projects is bound to be viewed from the same perspective. References Gary, B. (2014). US job growth is rising solidly, so why isn't pay? The Economic Times. 3 (2) 23-25. Gorman, L. (2008). Minimum Wages. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics.2 (2) 45-47, 2008. Jeffrey S. (2008). Steve Jobs, The Journey is the Reward, New York, NY: Lynx Books Kurtz, D. (2010). Contemporary Marketing Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Paul. K. (2010). Apple Design: The Work of the Apple Industrial Design Group. London, UK: Sage publication.


I added a Social Button on our webinar registration confirmation page, to promote social sharing of our webinars while collecting social profile data as well.
But in a test run I now see that the "Marketo Social Twitter Id." field (which should contain the Twitter handle) is overwritten by number (of many digits) which seems meaningless to me. Shouldn't the Social Button automatically retrieve the Twitter handle once the user has given permission?
Twitter IDs are valid--they're just Twitter's internal view of an account instead of the username, which can change. For example, I have the amazingly even Twitter ID 44990000 even though my handle is @cougrimes.
TweeterID - Twitter ID and username converter offers a converter, as well as Twitter's API itself. Not sure why Marketo chose to record ID and not at least also capture the username as well in terms of design.
Username can be changed at will by the user, so it's not unique. I'm guessing that's why.
Oh, of course--I guess I would have just expected a username capture at time of recording in addition to the ID, mostly to prevent confusion.
Thanks Courtney, this is really helpful, the link to the converter helps.
Since we're collecting twitter handles via forms as well, I think I'll have to create a user-defined form field "twitter handle" to distinguish between the ID Twitter collects.


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Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL
In 2017, Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL had a population of 112k people with a median age of 40.7 and a median household income of $64,821. Between 2016 and 2017 the population of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL grew from 111,214 to 111,805, a 0.531% increase and its median household income grew from $62,351 to $64,821, a 3.96% increase.
The population of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL is 65.1% White Alone, 19.3% Hispanic or Latino, and 7.96% Black or African American Alone. 21.8% of the people in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL speak a non-English language, and 94.5% are U.S. citizens.
The largest universities in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL are Cambridge Institute of Allied Health & Technology (86 degrees awarded in 2017), City College-Altamonte Springs (82 degrees), and Remington College-Heathrow Campus (64 degrees).
The median property value in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL is $247,300, and the homeownership rate is 63.2%. Most people in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL commute by Drove Alone, and the average commute time is 24 minutes. The average car ownership in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL is 2 cars per household.
Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL borders Orange County (Northwest) PUMA, FL, Deltona & Lake Helen Cities PUMA, FL, DeLand, DeBary Cities & Pierson Town PUMA, FL, Orlando (North), Winter Park & Maitland Cities PUMA, FL, Seminole County (South Central) PUMA, FL, Seminole County (North Central) PUMA, FL, and Lake County (North) PUMA, FL.
Photo by Giuseppe Milo
United StatesFlorida
The economy of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL employs 53.5k people. The largest industries in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL are Restaurants & Food Services (3,158 people), Hospitals (3,120 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (3,068 people), and the highest paying industries are Performing arts, spectator sports & related industries ($164,131), Offices of physicians ($136,099), and Apparel, piece goods, & notions merchant wholesalers ($131,787).
Median household income in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL is $64,821. Males in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL have an average income that is 1.5 times higher than the average income of females, which is $55,212. The income inequality in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL (measured using the Gini index) is 0.495, which is higher than than the national average.
Households in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL have a median annual income of $64,821, which is more than the median annual income of $61,937 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $62,351 in 2016, which represents a 3.96% annual growth.
Look at the chart to see how the median household income in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
± $14,144
In 2017, full-time male employees in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL made 1.5 times more than female employees.
This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL by number of full-time employees.
In 2017 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.24 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity.
This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL by number of full-time employees.
In 2017, the income inequality in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was 0.495 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 2.04% growth from 2016 to 2017, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even.
The 2017 the GINI for Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was higher than than the national average of 0.479. In other words, wages are distributed less evenly in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL in comparison to the national average.
This chart shows the number of workers in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL across various wage buckets compared to the national average.
TotalWhiteBlackAsianOtherTwo Or MoreWhite Non-HispanicHispanic
Weston, Pembroke Pines (Northwest) Cities & Southwest Ranches Town PUMA, FL
Coral Gables City, Pinecrest Village & Kendall (South) PUMA, FL
Wellington Village & Agricultural Reserve PUMA, FL
In 2018, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was Weston, Pembroke Pines (Northwest) Cities & Southwest Ranches Town PUMA, FL with a value of $109,903, followed by Coral Gables City, Pinecrest Village & Kendall (South) PUMA, FL and Wellington Village & Agricultural Reserve PUMA, FL, with respective values of $102,758 and $102,697.
The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL colored by their Median Household Income (Total).
Males 25 - 34
8.64% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL (9.6k out of 111k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 13.1%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Males 25 - 34, followed by Females 35 - 44 and then Females 25 - 34.
The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL is White, followed by Hispanic and Black.
From 2016 to 2017, employment in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL grew at a rate of 3.28%, from 51.8k employees to 53.5k employees.
The most common job groups, by number of people living in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL, are Miscellaneous managers (1,977 people), Retail salespersons (1,768 people), and Elementary & middle school teachers (1,737 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL.
The most common jobs held by residents of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL, by number of employees, are Miscellaneous managers (1,977 people), Retail salespersons (1,768 people), and Elementary & middle school teachers (1,737 people).
Compared to other pumas, Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL has an unusually high number of residents working as Miscellaneous entertainment attendants & related workers (4.38 times higher than expected), Hotel, motel, & resort desk clerks (4.36 times), and Veterinarians (4.13 times).
The highest paid jobs held by residents of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL, by average salary, are Physicians & surgeons ($315,816), Chief executives & legislators ($150,590), and Producers & directors ($142,088).
The most common employment sectors for those who live in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL, are Restaurants & Food Services (3,158 people), Hospitals (3,120 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (3,068 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL, though some of these residents may live in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.
The most common industries in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL, by number of employees, are Restaurants & Food Services (3,158 people), Hospitals (3,120 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (3,068 people).
Compared to other pumas, Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL has an unusually high number of Wholesale electronic markets & agents & brokers (6.42 times higher than expected), Data processing, hosting & related services (5.08 times), and Software publishing (4.59 times) industries.
The highest paying industries in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL, by average salary, are Performing arts, spectator sports & related industries ($164,131), Offices of physicians ($136,099), and Apparel, piece goods, & notions merchant wholesalers ($131,787).
Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Florida to other states, or from other states to Florida.
In 2015, the top outbound Florida product (by dollars) was Mixed freight with $63.5B, followed by Pharmaceuticals ($51.6B) and Electronics ($41.8B).
The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Florida products.
Showing data for Florida state.
In 2020, total outbound Florida trade was $497B. This is expected to increase 43.6% to $714B by 2045.
The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Florida trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.
Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Florida to other states, or from other states to Florida.
In 2015, the top outbound Florida domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Georgia with $19.5B, followed by Texas with $16.6B and California and $11.5B.
The following map shows the amount of trade that Florida shares with each state (excluding itself).
87.5% of the population of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL has health coverage, with 51.1% on employee plans, 7.35% on Medicaid, 11.2% on Medicare, 16.6% on non-group plans, and 1.29% on military or VA plans.
Per capita personal health care spending in the puma of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was $8,076 in 2014. This is a 5.05% increase from the previous year ($7,688).
Primary care physicians in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL see 1376 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.218% decrease from the previous year (1379 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1735 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 703 patients per year.
Comparing across all counties in the state, Gadsden County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (16.9%). Additionally, Liberty County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (39.6%)
Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Florida.
Primary care physicians in Florida see an average of 1,376 patients per year. This represents a 0.218% decrease from the previous year (1,379 patients).
The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Florida in comparison to neighboring states.
Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Florida (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 5.05%, from $7,688 to $8,076.
Between N/A and 2016, the percent of uninsured citizens in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL stayed by NaNk% from N/A% to 12.5%.
The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.
Gadsden County
Gadsden County has the highest prevalence of diabetes in Florida, at 16.9%.
The following map shows the prevalence of diabetes in Florida by county over multiple years.
Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL is home to a population of 112k people, from which 94.5% are citizens. As of 2016, 14.2% of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL residents were born outside of the country (15.8k people).
The ethnic composition of the population of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL is composed of 72.7k White Alone residents (65.1%), 21.6k Hispanic or Latino residents (19.3%), 8.9k Black or African American Alone residents (7.96%), 5.32k Asian Alone residents (4.76%), 2.81k Two or More Races residents (2.51%), 370 Some Other Race Alone residents (0.331%), 43 American Indian & Alaska Native Alone residents (0.0385%), and 24 Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander Alone residents (0.0215%).
The most common foreign languages spoken in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL are Spanish (14,632 speakers), Hindi (859 speakers), and Tagalog (Incl. Filipino) (786 speakers).
In 2017, the median age of all people in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was 40.7. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 39, were generally younger than than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 48. But people in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL are getting getting younger. In 2016, the average age of all Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL residents was 41.
As of 2016, 14.2% of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL residents (15.8k people) were born outside of the United States, which is higher than the national average of 13.7%. In 2015, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was 14.1%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.
The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
In 2017, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was Colombia, the natal country of 1,239 Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL residents, followed by India with 1,102 and Venezuela with 1,053.
As of 2017, 94.5% of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.2%. In 2016, the percentage of US citizens in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was 95.1%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.
The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
8.9k ± 1.17k
In 2017, there were 3.37 times more White Alone residents (72.7k people) in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL than any other race or ethnicity. There were 21.6k Hispanic or Latino and 8.9k Black or African American Alone residents, the second and third most common racial or ethnic groups.
The following bar chart shows the 8 races and ethnicities represented in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL as a share of the total population.
21.8% of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL citizens are speakers of a non-English language, which is lower than the national average of 21.9%. In 2017, the most common non-English language spoken in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was Spanish. 13.7% of the overall population of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL are native Spanish speakers. 0.807% speak Hindi and 0.738% speak Spanish, the next two most common languages.
Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.3 times greater than any other conflict.
In 2017, universities in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL awarded 296 degrees. The student population of Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL is skewed towards women, with 205 male students and 427 female students.
Most students graduating from Universities in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL are White (124 and 41.9%), followed by Black or African American (93 and 31.4%), Hispanic or Latino (55 and 18.6%), and Unknown (8 and 2.7%).
The largest universities in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL by number of degrees awarded are Cambridge Institute of Allied Health & Technology (86 and 29.1%), City College-Altamonte Springs (82 and 27.7%), and Remington College-Heathrow Campus (64 and 21.6%).
The most popular majors in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL are Golf Course Operation & Grounds Management (64 and 21.6%), Nursing Assistant & Patient Care Assistant (46 and 15.5%), and Other Practical Nursing, Vocational Nursing, & Nursing Assistants (34 and 11.5%).
The median tuition costs in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL are $14,316 for private four year colleges, and $N/A and $N/A respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.
< 1 Year Postsecondary Certificate1 to 2 Year Postsecondary CertificateAssociates DegreeBachelors Degree
Golf Course Operation & Grounds Management
In 2015, the most common concentation for Associates Degree recipients in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was Golf Course Operation & Grounds Management with 64 degrees awarded.
This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Associates Degree from schools in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL according to their major.
Cambridge Institute of Allied Health & Technology
City College-Altamonte Springs
Remington College-Heathrow Campus
In 2017, the Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL institution with the largest number of graduating students was Cambridge Institute of Allied Health & Technology with 86 degrees awarded.
In 2017, 100 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL, which is 0.51 times less than the 196 female students who received degrees in the same year.
This chart displays the gender disparity between the institutions in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL by degrees awarded.
In 2017 the majority of degrees awarded at institutions in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL were to White students. These 124 degrees mean that there were 1.33 times more White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 93 degrees awarded.
The median property value in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was $247,300 in 2017, which is 1.08 times larger than the national average of $229,700. Between 2016 and 2017 the median property value increased from $232,300 to $247,300, a 6.46% increase. The homeownership rate in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL is 63.2%, which is lower than the national average of 63.9%. People in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL have an average commute time of 24 minutes, and they commute by Drove Alone. Car ownership in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.
In 2017, the median property value in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL grew to to $247,300 from the previous year's value of $232,300.
The following charts display, first, the property values in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL the largest share of households have a property value in the $300k - $400k range.
In 2017, the median household income of the 42.7k households in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL grew to $64,821 from the previous year's value of $62,351.
The following chart displays the households in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.
This chart shows the households in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.
In 2017, 63.2% of the housing units in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 64.7%.
This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 63.9%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.
Using averages, employees in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL have a shorter commute time (24 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.1 minutes). Additionally, 1.77% of the workforce in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.
The chart below shows how the median household income in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
In 2017, the most common method of travel for workers in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL was Drove Alone (82%), followed by those who Worked At Home (8.22%) and those who Carpooled (6.64%).
The following chart displays the households in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Seminole County (West) PUMA, FL have 2 cars, followed by 1 car.
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL
Seminole County, FL
Orange County (Northwest) PUMA, FL
Deltona & Lake Helen Cities PUMA, FL


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An exception is made for fantasy sports players. Win adequate at fantasy sports on the internet, and DraftKings provides a $10,000 seat Visit homepage at the final poker tournament in Las Vegas. One fantasy player who won a mouse click the next web page seat this year is Max Steinberg, 1 of numerous former professional poker players who switched to fantasy sports right after 3 key illegal poker websites had been shut down on April 15, 2011, now recognized as Black Friday.Taking a penalty kick in soccer is 1 of the most pressured and intense moments in a soccer game. It is a thoughts game as much as a physical achievement, and there are crucial components to recognize and maintain in thoughts when you happen to be the shooter of a penalty kick. 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There are several popular restaurant chains that make it a point to tell customers that they use peanut oil for cooking and frying. The Five Guys burger chain and Chick-fil-A are two that quickly come to mind.
Is peanut oil really a healthier choice for cooking, especially when it comes to a fast food type of joint? Chipotle, for example, uses rice bran oil instead. Before we delve into those issues, let's take a look at the nutrition and fatty acid profile of peanut oil.
Peanut oil is very mild tasting vegetable fat made from the oily, edible seed. Humans originally cultivated the peanut plant, a legume, in what is today Brazil or Peru at least as far back as 3,500 years ago.
Industrialized processing is not required to extract oil from peanuts. Thus, it is common in many cuisines of South American, African and Asian origin. Unrefined peanut oil is generally for cooking, with roasted versions used for flavoring much like toasted sesame oil.
Around the world, peanut oil is also known as groundnut oil or arachis oil (after its biological classification Arachis hypogea). In the Deep South, locals sometimes used the term goober oil. Peanuts are commonly called goobers in that part of the United States, with boiled (peanuts) goobers a popular snack.
Historically, humans have used peanut oil for many other purposes besides food. During the Civil War, the Confederacy used peanut oil as an affordable lubricant for locomotives due to a shortage of whale oil. It had the distinct advantage of not gumming up the machinery. Housewives used it as an illuminant for lamps as well as a stand-in for lard during times of scarcity (1).
Examination of the nutritional profile of roasted and unrefined oils from peanuts indicates that it is somewhat similar to olive oil, canola oil, safflower oil and sunflower oil (high oleic). All are high in monounsaturated fats with some important differences for peanut oil.
One of the best features of peanut oil is a high smoke point of 450°F / 232°C. Few unrefined fats are higher with the exception of ghee (485°F/ 252°C and avocado oil (520°F/ 271°C). The attractively high smokepoint makes peanut oil particularly suitable for frying foods.
Several refined oils have as high a smoke point as peanut oil. One of these that is widely used in the restaurant industry is soybean oil. However, the list of nourishing fats does not include highly refined and industrialized oils. As a result, we will exclude these factory fats from the discussion.
Note that there are little to no omega-3 fats in peanut oil. Hence the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is poor. In addition, there are scarcely any fat soluble vitamins present unless Vitamin E is added to improve shelf life.
Thus, the primary benefits from peanut oil are due its resistance to rancidity from heating.
Peanut oil is not as insanely high in rancidity prone, inflammation and obesity inducing linoleic acid as grapeseed oil, hemp seed oil or pumpkin seed oil. This is the good news.
The bad news is that the amount of omega-6 fats is high enough to be worrisome. It is fully 1/3 of the total oil, gram for gram, which is not a trivial amount. Within the context of the modern diet, this is especially problematic. Most people already consume far too many polyunsaturates on a daily basis.
Hence, consumers should use peanut oil with caution and sparingly if possible.
Certainly for home cooking efforts, there are much better choices such as grassfed butter, ghee, tallow, lard, coconut, red palm oil, and avocado oil. These are the only fats in my pantry and refrigerator. All are extremely low in omega-6, polyunsaturated fatty acids (less than 10%). Oil from peanuts contains over three times this amount!
Refined peanut (groundnut) oil, like all processed vegetable oil, is heavily refined, bleached and deodorized. Even when organic, smart consumers avoid refined oils. Processing heavily damages the fragile omega-6 fats resulting in free radicals. Since oil from peanuts is 1/3 polyunsaturate, this is a significant problem.
Unrefined peanut oil, on the other hand, is a much more informed choice. It is considered gourmet quality and can impart wonderful flavor to dishes.
Notice the color of the unrefined peanut oil in the picture above. It is a rich copper color compared to the bleached and deodorized refined oils on either side of it.
Refining the peanut oil in the picture above would result in a pale yellow color too!
What type of oil do you think restaurants like Chick-fil-A and Five Guys use? Yep, you guessed it – the refined kind.
Choosing to eat at a restaurant that uses peanut oil for cooking is without a doubt a better choice than the typical chain using soybean oil. Not only is the soybean oil used highly refined and of GMO origin (translation: loaded with Roundup residue), it is also nearly twice as high polyunsaturates.
Even though a better choice, there are still concerns with peanut oil for cooking and frying. Consuming these foods regularly is not a good idea. Let's explore why.
Monounsaturated and saturated fats in peanut oil are stable and don't oxidize easily when heated. On the other hand, the omega-6 polyunsaturated fats most definitely do! This is especially true in restaurants where the oil is heated for long periods of time – hours in fact. Those of you who have worked in the restaurant industry can likely attest to this practice.
In addition, the oil tends to be used several times before replacement with fresh oil. Someone I know who used to work for Chick-fil-A said the peanut oil in his restaurant was used all day long before replacing the following morning. While this may not be standard practice for all locations (hopefully not), you really don't know what you're getting when you pull into that drive through.
Another issue from reused oil is from starchy food bits heated to high temperatures for long periods of time along with the oil. This introduces health risks from carcinogenic acrylamides in addition to the free radicals from the heated oil.
Besides the issue of excessive omega-6 fats, potential mold issues in peanuts and their oil pose a danger to consumers.
Despite peanut oil's reputation as heart healthy, it is considered atherogenic. This means that consumption promotes the development of fatty plaques in the arteries. How can this be? Peanut oil is low in cholesterol and contains phytosterols that compete with cholesterol for absorption in the digestive system, right? Watch out. This marketing spin is a total red herring!
The problem is that groundnut oil comes from unsoaked peanuts, meaning the lectins can still be present. Animal studies of peanut oil indicate that the lectins contribute to hardening of the arteries, otherwise known as atherosclerosis.
Another study discovered that consuming a single handful of roasted peanuts caused intact lectins in the bloodstream within a few hours. Research animals with similar blood lectin levels as identified in that study develop heart disease.
Should You Use Peanut Oil or Eat at Restaurants that Use It?
In conclusion, avoiding peanut oil for home cooking is a wise idea. Far better choices are widely and affordably available that are much lower in inflammatory omega-6 fats without risk from aflatoxins and lectins.
With regard to eating at restaurants that use refined peanut oil, exercise caution. While an occasional meal cooked in refined peanut oil is not going to present an issue for most people, regular consumption of foods fried or cooked in it would not be advisable.
In our neck of the woods, we prefer Burger Monger to Five Guys, and our family never eats at Chick-fil-A (MSG headache waiting to happen). Burger Monger uses traditional beef fat for frying. Beef fat or tallow is a FAR healthier alternative for cooking and frying. When you use it, you don't have to add MSG to the food to give it a synthetic beef flavor plus you have lower risk from rancid fat.
Did you know that McDonald's used tallow decades ago for making french fries before it became politically incorrect in the 1980's to do so any longer. This is one big reason why fast food was healthier 30+ years ago than it is today!


There are over 300 renditions of "Hallelujah." On Wikipedia, it says that the original songwriter, Leonard Cohen, wrote over 80 verses for this song. Each time he performed the song it was a different version.
Reese Oliveira and Easton Shane recently collaborated on Youtube, and chose a Christian-based version of Hallelujah, as professionally recorded and performed by the Christian rock artist, Jake Hamilton.
Reese Oliveira was recently named one of 2018 Utah Valley Magazine Fab 40, and has performed as Gracie Shinn in The Music Man at Hale Centre Theatre (Sandy), Young Cosette in Les Miserables at Hale Center Theater Orem, and other roles including Kira in Xanadu Jr (BAC), Child #1 in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (Hale Center Theater Orem), and Annie in Annie (BAC).
She trains in ballet at Barlow Arts Conservatory and is a soprano for One Voice Children's Choir. She is very excited to be portraying Young Beth in the upcoming Little Women movie.
Easton Shane has released his own album, "Roll With It" in October 2017, and is an endorsed artist for Heritage Guitars. He has received multiple national Downbeat Awards for his guitar abilities. He is also the leader of a local band, BEKM. In April 2018, Easton had the privilege of performing the National Anthem and his original song, "This Uniform's For You" at Our Military Kids Annual Gala, in Arlington, VA on April 26, 2018.
Easton was also one of four military children nationwide to be honored that evening as Our Military Kids, Kid of the Year and awarded a Certificate of Gratitude for Outstanding Service for his Family and Community. The award was presented by Maj. General Patrick A. Murphy, director of the National Guard Bureau Joint Staff in Washington D.C.
Both Reese and Easton represented the United States as part of One Voice Children's Choir's tour to Normandy, France for the 73rd D-Day Commemoration.
We hope you enjoy Reese and Easton's video, two incredibly talented young people who are shining light in our world.


Helping you Work, Rest & Play better!
Robin Lansman qualified at the British School of Osteopathy ( LONDON) in 1988 ( Now University College of Osteopathy ) and opened the first of his Body Back-Up Clinic. He has worked in GP Surgeries as well as gym and sports club environments over the years as well as private practice. He was Senior Tutor of Sports Injuries at the British School of Osteopathy for 10 years, treating sports injuries at both Recreational and Competitive levels and has been on hand to give practical help at several London Marathons supporting sponsored runners. Robin Lansman writes regularly for the national and medical press, speaks on BBC Radio and lectures and teaches extensively throughout the UK and Europe.
Highly recommended. I visited Body Back-up after my shoulders/upper back completely seized up. Robin treated my shoulders and underlying chronic back issues, and was thorough, professional and reassuring at all times. He gave me exercises to do between treatments and I am still reaping the benefits.
Being seeing Robin for almost two years, never disappointed and always feel great after! Can't recommend him highly enough!
Have been seeing Mr Lansman for treatment during the final trimester of my pregnancy - excellent care, great service in booking appointments, highly recommend.


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Q: Reading package error with apt-get command Every time I am using apt-get update command I am getting this error.
Reading package lists... Error!
W: The repository 'http://php53.dotdeb.org stable Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: Encountered a section with no Package: header
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E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.

I tried the following command
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Q: svg issue : xlink:href not working on ios with cordova and angularjs I got a strange issue with svg and ios. I'm using angularjs and cordova.
I include an external svg in an angular app, and display it in my view this way :
<svg viewBox="0 0 640 550">
    <use xlink:href="#mysvg"></use>
</svg>

In my external svg, I got several g elements with links inside :
<a xlink:href="/path/to/page"></a>

This works fine on android but not on ios when I export the webview with cordova. It works on my iphone simulator...
Can anyone help me with that?

A: Try adding the xlink namespace to your SVG.
<svg viewBox="0 0 640 550" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <use xlink:href="#mysvg"></use>
</svg>

A: Ok I just succeed with adding the xlink and namespace and put the links inside the svg with the use tag, not in the external svg. I had an other issue with the markup, apparently you have to close every tags otherwise each other tag will be wrapped in the first one, which breaks your layout ordering. For instance <path /> doesn't work and <path></path> works fine.
Finally, I got something like this :
<svg viewBox="0 0 640 550" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <use xlink:href="#mysvg"></use>
    <a xlink:href="/path/to/page">
        <path></path>
        <rect></rect>
        <text></text>
    </a>
</svg>


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text:
Divine Trickery
Was Jacob Justified in His Actions Concerning Esau?
Note (12 November, 2018, 4 Kislev, 5778): We have written other articles on the subject below. This one is similar but it contains additional information. It also has a corrected reference regarding the source of the Insight regarding Jacob giving Esau the food BEFORE buying the blessing.
Adapted from:
Was Jacob wrong to trick Esau into compromising his birthright?
https://www.quora.com/Was-Jacob-wrong-to-trick-Esau-into-compromising-his-birthright/answer/Yair-Davidiy
by Yair Davidiy, Researcher at Brit-Am/Hebrew Nations
We believe the Lost Ten Tribes are now among Western Peoples. Our proofs are derived from many fields but evidence from the Bible is the most important point source we have. This Biblical Evidence deals with Biblical Promises and prophecies. Expercially imporntat are the Blessings made to the forefathers. It may be shown how these Promises were fulfilled through the Ten Tribes. Understanding these prophecies is important to us. Jacob was also known as Israel. His brother was known as Esau and also as Edom. Jacob/Israel gave rise to the 12 Tribes of Israel. Jacob received the Blessings by first buying the Right of the Firstborn from his brother who was famished with hunger. After that he received the deathbed blessing from his father by disguising himself as Esau. We may ask questions about all this? Why did it have to be that way? Why could Israel have not been given the Blessings in a straightforward manner? What about the Ethics? Was it morally correct to act that way? The Bible says it so we believe it and accept it. Nevertheless we are allowed to ask questions about it. We often find that by making an investigation of matters that at a superficial level appear questionable we may actually strenthen our own faither and gain a deeper understandign of Scripture in general.
Abraham begat Isaac.
Isaac married Rebecca (in Hebrew "Rivka") and begat twins Esau and Jacob.
Esau emerged first so technically he was the "first-born."
Esau was red and hairy whereas Jacob was smooth skinned.
Before the twins were born Rebecca had been told in prophecy that:
23 Two nations are in your womb;
And two peoples will be separated from your body;
And one people shall be stronger than the other;
And the older shall serve the younger.
Esau was a hunter. One day he returned from the hunt famished with hunger. He requested to eat red lentils that Jacob had prepared. Jacob sold them to him. Jacob asked for the birthright and received it.
Later, when Isaac was about to die he requested that Esau hunt venison (deer flesh) for him and prepare a meal. After that Isaac intended to bless him.
Rebecca persuade Jacob to dress up in the clothes of Esau and pretend to be him. Isaac at the time was old and blind. Jacob did so and received the blessing instead of Esau.
The question is, where the actions of Jacob morally correct? How could they be justified?
To take advantage of his brother who is fainting from hunger? And force his brother to sell his birthright?
After that he disguises himself as his brother and deceives his father to take away the blessing and use it for himself?
Was this a moral thing to do? Is it honest? Would you do somethibg like that? Would like something like that done to you?
On the one hand, since we believe in the Bible we will accept what the Bible says. We might not undersand it but we will accept it.
Nevertheless, it might not help to have a more balanced comprehension of what actually did take place.
Concerning Jacob buying the Birthright:
Jacob did not trick nor exploit Esau. A close examination of the verses in question in the ORIGINAL HEBREW gives a different impression.
First, this is how the passage appears in translation:
Genesis (NASB) 25:
29 When Jacob had cooked stew, Esau came in from the field and he was famished; 30 and Esau said to Jacob, 'Please let me have a swallow of that red stuff there, for I am famished.' Therefore his name was called Edom. 31 But Jacob said, 'First sell me your birthright.' 32 Esau said, 'Behold, I am about to die; so of what use then is the birthright to me?' 33 And Jacob said, 'First swear to me'; so he swore to him, and sold his birthright to Jacob. 34 Then Jacob gave Esau bread and lentil stew; and he ate and drank, and rose and went on his way. Thus Esau despised his birthright.
Notice that the expression translated twice as 'First sell me' Genesis 25: 31 and 25:32 in Hebrew is "HaYom" i.e. "this day" not necessarily "first"!
The Zohar expands on the point (25:34) that "Esau despised His birthright." It should be translated as "Esau was despising his birthright" or "Esau would despise his birthright." Esau was in fact prepared to give it away. Having been born first in fact entailed two benefits, a spiritual aspect and a physical one. Esau rejected the spiritual facet. This was in line with what we know of his character from the beginning.
These matters are discussed by Rabbi Yaakov Tzvi Mecklenburg (1785-1865) who lived in what was then known as Prussia. [The obeservations by Rabbi Mecklenburg were first brought to our intention by Gill Yehudah.] Rabbi Mecklenburg was the authorof "Haketav VehaKabbalah" ("The Script and the Tradition"), 1839. Concerning Genesis 25:34 "VeYaacov Natan." Rabbi Mecklenburg notices the Zohar emphasizing the expression "And Jacob gave" or 'Jacob had given' (Genesis 25: 34). This has been wrongly translated above as "Then Jacob gave."
In the Original Hebrew ALL the verbs in Genesis 25:29-34 BUT one are in the imperfect tense.
What is intended by "imperfect tense?"
Wikipedia tells us:
# The imperfect (abbreviated imperf) is a verb form, found in various languages, which combines past tense (reference to a past time) and imperfective aspect (reference to a continuing or repeated event or state). It can therefore have meanings similar to the English "was walking" or "used to walk." #
As stated ALL the verbs here are in imperfect tense except the verb "gave" in the expression "And Jacob gave" (Genesis 25: 34). In this case the verb is perfect, i.e. simple past tense.
# All the verbs but one are in the past imperfect tense (also known as the vav-reversal..) #
For the sake of euphonics we could also render the imperfect as 'would do' and the perfect as 'had done,' i.e. pluper perfect.
We should therefore translate the verses in the following way (it is sufficient to translate the verses 25: 32-33 to make the point):
32 Esau would say, 'Behold, I am going to die; so of what use then is the birthright to me?' 33 Then Jacob would say, 'Swear to me, this day'; so he would swear unto him, and would sell his birthright to Jacob. 34 And Jacob HAD GIVEN Esau bread and lentil stew; and he would eat and would drink, and would rise and would go on his way. And Esau would despise his birthright.
Why is the verb "had given" in 25:33 in the past (perfect) tense?
It implies that Jacob had PREVIOUSLY given the food before the sale!
In other words Jacob had ALREADY given food to Esau before the sale was made!
In a similar instance the Commentator Rashi on Genesis 4:1 made a similar deduction when all the verbs excerpt one are in the imperfect tense and only one in the perfect.
In summation as the Zohar (quoted by Rabbi Mecklenburg) explains:
Esau despised the birthright. He would have been prepared to give it away just to avoid any responsibility it might impose on him.
Jacob however wanted to buy it so that the acquisition would be clear and certain. Esau came in from the field tired and famished. Jacob gave him food. After that Jacob asked Esau to sell him the birthright in exchange for the food he had just eaten. Esau agreed, rose from his place and went on his way.
This explanation may or may not be acceptable to others. It is however consistent with the grammar of the Original Hebrew.
Later, Jacob was to disguise himself as Esau in order to receive the Blessing of the First-Born from his father Isaac (Genesis ch. 28).
We saw above that 'Esau would despise the birthright' i.e. 'Esau was despising the birthright.' He had not been forced to sell it. After that as henceforth holder of the birthright Jacob had the right to the Blessing of the First-Born.
This is proven by the fact that DESPITE being misled by Jacob, Isaac immediately afterwards, when the truth had been made known to him, confirmed the blessing,
"Yes, and he shall be blessed" (Genesis 27:33). Later Isaac AGAIN confirmed the blessing to Jacob (Genesis 28:3-4).
Jacob valued the birthright.
At their birth it had been prophesied to Rebecca (the mother of Esau and Jacob) that Jacob would have pre-eminence over Esau (Genesis 25:23).
Jacob in first buying the birthright and later deceiving Isaac was doing what he had to do. In pretending to be Esau he was following the instructions of Rebecca (Genesis 27:6-17). Rebecca and Jacob were doing what they could to fulfill the Prophecy.
We should learn from this.
Prophecies for the good are meant to be fulfilled.
Prophecies for the bad however may be averted by changing our behavior to a more positive direction.
We should endeavor to do what we can to fulfill them.
Later Jacob received the Blessing from Isaac by deceiving him BUT Isaac confirmed the blessing to him after that:
33 "Yes, and he shall be blessed."
cf.
30 Now it came about, as soon as Isaac had finished blessing Jacob, and Jacob had hardly gone out from the presence of Isaac his father, that Esau his brother came in from his hunting. 31 Then he also made savory food, and brought it to his father; and he said to his father, 'Let my father arise and eat of his son's game, that you may bless me.' 32 Isaac his father said to him, 'Who are you?' And he said, 'I am your son, your firstborn, Esau.' 33 Then Isaac trembled violently, and said, 'Who was he then that hunted game and brought it to me, so that I ate of all of it before you came, and blessed him? Yes, and he shall be blessed.'
and again Isaac later consciously blessed Jacob saying:
3 May God Almighty bless you and make you fruitful and multiply you, that you may become a company of peoples. 4 May He also give you the blessing of Abraham, to you and to your descendants with you, that you may possess the land of your sojournings, which God gave to Abraham.
This is similar to the blessing Isaac had given to Jacob when he thought Jacob was Esau. In other words Isaac once again CONFIRMEDÂ the blessing! Isaac here gave to Jacob THE BLESSING OF ABRAHAM!
The function of blessing another in the Bible is to act as a conduit, e.g.
The Cohens (Priests), descendants of Aharon brother of Moses, were commanded to bless the People of Israel.
Numbers (ESV) 6:
22 The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
23 Speak to Aaron and his sons, saying, Thus you shall bless the people of Israel: you shall say to them,
24 The LORD bless you and keep you;
25 the LORD make his face to shine upon you and be gracious to you;
26 the LORD lift up his countenance upon you and give you peace.
27 So shall they put my name upon the people of Israel, and I will bless them.
We see here that that God is the one who blesses the People. The priests serve as a conduit for these blessings, as it says, "and I will bless them."
So too, the blessings given by Isaac did not emanate from him but from the Almighty. That is why Jacob was able to confirm the blessings to Jacob immediately afterwards (Genesis 27:33 "Yes, and he shall be blessed") and later to consciously repeat them in detail to Jacob (Genesis 28:3-4). ISAAC, WHEN HE GAVE THE BLESSINGS, KNEW THAT IT WAS GOD ALMIGHTY WHO WAS BESTOWING THE BLESSING! He may have thought it was Esau who was being blessed and he was mistaken in that BUT he was right in so far as the blessing was fromt he Almighty and he was the channel it was passing through. That is the way God wanted it and so it was!
What were the Blessings to Jacob?
"More Blessings to Jacob"
We see above (Genesis 28:3-4) that Isaac CONFIRMED THE BLESSINGS TO JACOB. Isaac blessed Jacob that God should make him fruitful and multiply him. That he should be a company of peoples. The blessing of Abraham should be his. The Land promised to Abraham also should become his.
22 So Jacob came close to Isaac his father, and he felt him and said, 'The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau.' 23 He did not recognize him, because his hands were hairy like his brother Esau's hands; so he blessed him. 24 And he said, 'Are you really my son Esau?' And he said, 'I am.' 25 So he said, 'Bring it to me, and I will eat of my son's game, that I may bless you.' And he brought it to him, and he ate; he also brought him wine and he drank. 26 Then his father Isaac said to him, 'Please come close and kiss me, my son.' 27 So he came close and kissed him; and when he smelled the smell of his garments, he blessed him and said,
[Jacob had to disguise himself as Esau. This hints at Jacob having to change his garments and disguise his identity. This happened when the Northern Israelites became the Lost Ten Tribes. They changed their identity and became similar superficially to Esau/Edom meaning the Gentile nations.]
Jacob continues:
Genesis 27:27 'See, the smell of my son
Is like the smell of a field which the LORD has blessed;
28 Now may God give you of the dew of heaven,
And of the fatness of the earth,
And an abundance of grain and new wine;
29 May peoples serve you,
And nations bow down to you;
Be master of your brothers,
And may your mother's sons bow down to you.
Cursed be those who curse you,
And blessed be those who bless you.'
Here Jacob was promised a fertile land and climate with agricultural bounty.
Other peoples were to be subject to him. His brothers (i.e. Ishmael and Esau, etc) would also serve him.
They who seek his good would be blessed. They who try to do him wrong would be cursed.


Mario Tennis Aces isn't just a party game — there's a short adventure mode that'll help you master the many mechanics of the game. Some of the toughest challenges are the boss fights, and some of these guys are seriously tough. It takes more than a quick whack with your racket to defeat this titanic foes. I was able to beat them all, so now I'm going to share some of the tips (and tricks) I learned that just might help you defeat all six bosses.
There is a boss in every "world" in Adventure Mode. After beating a boss, you'll usually earn a new court stage you can play with your friends. It's a pretty good reward, but I imagine there's probably a handful of players that just can't beat these bosses. They don't mess around. For a Mario game designed for children, you need serious reflexes to win before the time limit hits zero.
The bosses in Mario Tennis Aces all follow a similar pattern. You have a set time limit (300 seconds, or 5 minutes) to defeat them. They have three hearts, and three phases — you wear down the purple meter by returning the ball to the boss, then damage them with a Zone Shot.
The trick is defeating them before the time limit is up. Various factors will remove time from your total score. Here's a quick list of everything that does (and doesn't) give you a time penalty.
You DO NOT lose time for breaking a racket.
You will instantly fail a boss fight if all of your rackets are broken.
Between phases, you'll have to dodge boss attacks. You can use Trick Shot to dodge attacks, and earn a little meter back with every successful dodge. Taking damage from a boss attack is the fastest way to lose time. The goal of every boss is to avoid taking damage or missing shots so you don't lose too much time.
I seriously recommend getting extra rackets as early as possible. You don't need them for the first boss battle, but once you reach Boss #3, extra rackets will help a lot. Bosses will use Zone Shot / Star Shot far more often, so you need to be prepared. Don't be afraid to lose a racket in a fight.
The first boss can be challenging when you're still learning the ropes. You don't need to learn specific shot types yet, and you don't need extra rackets to win. This fight sets up the basics of boss fights — hit the ball into the boss, and the boss will return the ball. Keep hitting it back until the boss' meter is empty. When a Zone Shot star appears, use it to knock the ball into the Piranha Plant's weak spot.
After hitting it with a Zone Shot, the boss will summons walls of tornado winds. Use Trick Shot to jump over them — or just run to the gap. He'll launch five waves of wind. If you dodge them all, you're likely to charge your meter.
Charging your meter is very, very useful. In the second phase, Petey will start to use Star Shot. This powerful shot type slows down time slightly before it launches. Any shot will send it back, but you need to time your shot precisely. To make it easier, slow down time [R] and then line up the ball directly next to Mario. Shoot and you'll block, instantly returning the ball to sender.
Rinse and repeat. The last wave has more tornadoes and more Star Shots. Use Zone Speed to precisely time your shot every single time. If you block properly, you'll earn back the meter you spent. If you have extra meter, use Special Shot to deal more damage to the boss' purple meter. For almost any boss, you'll want more than 90 seconds on the clock when the final phase begins.
The devious Mirror Queen uses Lob Shots and Spin Shots to bamboozle Mario. Stand in the center, and be prepared for some wild bounces. Don't worry, for this fight, you can miss the ball a few times and still win in the end. After returning the lobs, use Zone Shot and avoid the turned mirrors.
Between phases, the Mirror Queen summons floating furniture. Stand in the center and Trick Shot over when they sweep, or just avoid them. You don't necessarily near a full meter for this fight. You just need enough for Zone Speed in Phase 2. Once again, keep using Zone Speed — it does extra damage when you return Star Shots to the boss.
For the Zone Shot, knock out the mirror with a Zone Shot, then use a second Zone Shot to hit the mirror itself. During the dodge sequence, beware the final phase! The furniture will actually aim at you, so keep moving.
For the final phase, keep use Zone Speed. The boss will constantly use Star Shots, so Zone Speed is your best defense. You'll need to use Zone Shot 3-4 times to get through the shield of junk in the final phase. If you have enough meter, you can do it.
Here's a tough boss. This guy consists of two ice hands with eyes in the center. He'll actually attack you during the Tennis phase of the fight. One hand will volley the ball while the other attempts to crush Mario. These hands will also immediately start using Star Shot. It's tricky this early on when you don't have much meter.
For this fight, I recommend unlocking at least one or two extra rackets. To save time, you need to stop those Star Shots from getting past you. If you have more rackets, you can swing and hit too early / late. It damages your racket, but saves you time. It's better to attempt to block and hurt your racket. The Ice Racket is pretty tough, it helps a lot for this fight.
When the boss is vulnerable, hit your Zone Shot and slam through the guarding hand. One hit and you'll be able to hit the exposed eye on the fallen hand. The dodging sequence for this boss isn't too hard — you just need to jump over ice cubes. They don't move too fast, but you absolutely have to Trick Shot. You can't just dodge this time.
TIP: If you're running out of time, this is when you'll want to use Special Shot. Stand back in the court and charge your shots to increase your meter. In the last phase, your meter will charge a lot faster. Use it to unleash Special Shots — these will dramatically lower the boss meter if you successfully aim and hit one of the hands.
For the last phases, you'll need to block constant Star Shots. It gets annoying, but you don't have to master the timing just yet. You can still use Zone Speed to block those shots and have enough meter to damage the Ice Ogre when it is stunned.
This guy works a little different than other bosses. The giant sea squid plants a huge tentacle on the court. Don't touch it, or you'll lose time! It shoots balls of ink — if they miss, they don't give you a time penalty. Instead, the ink partially covers your screen. The ink is only temporary, so a single hit won't block too much. Multiple hits in a row will block almost the entire screen.
To get over the tentacle, use Trick Shot. The tough part is when the giant Blooper uses Star Shot, too — if you have to use Trick Shot to stop a Star Shot, just don't even both. Let the Star Shot sail by and ink you up. You don't lose time, so it isn't that bad. You just want to volley back as many ink balls as you can, and use Zone Speed to knock the Star Shot ink back when you can.
There's no trick to hitting the weak spot with Zone Shot this time around. The dodging sequence is very simple too — just avoid the spots covered in bubbles, and then stand in the center and Trick Shot left or right to avoid the swinging tentacles.
Now here's a tough battle. The giant statue of Bowser guards his castle, and it's just like those little fire-shooting statues from the original Mario on NES! Bowser shoots giant fireballs — three at a time — and you won't get a time penalty for missing. Instead, if the fireball hits the court, a spot of lava will stay on the court. Touch the lava, and you get a -10 second penalty.
The fireballs are very high, so stand back on the court to return them. Usually, you'll need to hit one, run to the second, then use a Trick Shot on the third. Sometimes, you'll need to use a Trick Shot to hit the second fireball — no matter what, you'll almost always need to use Trick Shots, so practice your timing. It helps to hit back as many fire balls as you can. If too many appear on the court, you won't be able to get around.
During the standard Tennis phase, you'll also have to dodge the statue's laser beam. It will shoot a laser that leaves a trail of fire. Run away, sticking to the edges of the court then move inward until the laser stops and you can continue.
This Bowser Statue doesn't use Star Shot as often as other bosses, and his Star Shots are absolutely massive, making them easier to counter. Just to be safe, I still recommend using Zone Speed. Just don't stand too close to the statue or you'll whiff.
This is another fight where I'll recommend building your meter and using Special Shot multiple times in the final round to rapidly remove his shield. You're bound to get hit with lava or fire, so the more damage you can do, the better.
The final battle forces you to know how to play Mario Tennis Aces. There are two things you absolutely must learn before you can win this fight — you must learn to block Star Shots without using Zone Speed, and you must learn how to aim shots with Topspin, Flat, and Lob Shots.
To damage Bowcien's meter, you need to hit the purple orbs that generate balls. The orbs randomly attack. Be prepared for regular or Star Shots.
The orbs appear in three tiers. If you miss the orbs and hit the shield, you won't get a time penalty, but after a few misses, the orbs will move to new positions.
To hit the orbs, you need to aim your shots.
Flat Shots hit the bottom row.
Topspin Shots hit the center row.
Lob Shots hit the top row.
Before you can win, I recommend just practicing your block. Fight the boss, and don't plan on winning — just try to counter Star Shots with a well-timed Block without using Zone Speed. You won't be able to win if you use Zone Speed to time every Block.
The center row is the hardest row to hit with Topspin shots. I always try to hit the bottom row first, then top row. For whatever reason, Topspin shots have a tendency to miss. If you block a Star Shot, you'll also send the ball back to the orb, knocking it out instantly.
When all the orbs are knocked out, you'll have to volley a Star Shot ball back to Bowser. You'll have to block the Star Shot four times in a row without missing — if you miss once, you'll have to restart. After hitting it back four times, you'll be able to Zone Shot the evil racket.
Between each phase, you'll need to dodge blast waves and wind attacks. This is when you can lose most of your time. It's very difficult dodging these attacks — it just take practice.
The final phase is the toughest. If you've been practicing your Star Shot blocks, you'll build your Special Meter very, very quickly. Use Special Shot as often as you can and aim for the largest cluster of orbs. If you can hit them, you'll do a lot more damage to Bowcien's meter.
You'll want as much time as possible for the final volley. Bowcien's Star Shots are incredibly fast in the final volley — hit your shot button slightly before the Star Shot reaches Mario. The more time you have, the more you can practice the timing of this brutal sequence. Think of it as a rhythm game. If you get the Block once, follow the rhythm and hit it back four times in a row.
That's one final boss that'll make your palms sweaty. If you've got your own tips and tricks, let us know in the comments!