Why did you choose the Science Museum?
I chose the Science Museum because it was one of the only venues that offered both an auditorium and a reception space. Plus, as our event was focusing on innovation, the context of such a world-leading museum was ideal to capture our event's ethos.
Describe the brief of the event; What were the core goals and objectives?
The event was organised by French Tech London, the London hub of La French Tech. The event was directly supported by the French Republic President, Emmanuel Macron as it was under the High Patronage of Mr Emmanuel Macron, supported by La French Tech and sponsored by Mazars.
The core goals were for France to gain visibility in the UK tech scene by highlighting its capacity to welcome and develop scale-ups, reassuring the French expats within the delicate politic context in France and to unite the many French tech entrepreneurs, investors and corporates based in London. In the IMAX lounge, we organised a press session with journalists from key national titles in both France and the UK. After the conference, we held a reception with drinks and nibbles for our 400 guests who enjoyed networking and dancing to a DJ until the event's close at 1am.
Which spaces at the Science Museum did you use as part of the event and how did they enhance the experience for your guests?
We used the IMAX theatre for the conference and Tomorrow's World for the reception; the guests were particularly impressed by the venue. We accessed the event spaces via two additional galleries which was a definitive advantage as it was a good way to showcase the Science Museum's additional spaces.
Who were your catering and AV partners?
They were absolutely perfect and very flexible before and during the event.
Were there any added extras you were able to include as part of the event due to holding it at the Science Museum?
We were able to live stream the conference out of the museum, as well as include screens throughout the galleries and at the registration desk to play branded videos.
Any aspects of the event that proved challenging? If so, how were they overcome?
Due to the timings of public access we were only able to access the museum for setup in the evening, but this was overcome by the swift installation by the many volunteers and exceptional suppliers on hand.


text:
Home › News › History of the 1911
History of the 1911
1911 History: Maxim and the Spanish–American War
The history of the 1911 pistol can be traced to developments in the field of self-loading firearms and the aftermath of the Spanish–American War.
Maxim Gun
Following the invention of the Maxim gun in 1884 — the first truly automatic machine gun — small-arms designers began experimenting with recoil and gas-operated pistol and rifle actions. John Browning was among the engineers who took inspiration from Maxim's groundbreaking weapon.
Treaty of Paris and the Moro Rebellion
On December 10, 1898, the United States and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish–American War. One of the treaty conditions was that Spain would cede its colonial possessions to the U.S., including the Philippines.
However, following the U.S. victory at the Battle of Manila Bay, Filipino revolutionary Emilio Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines from self-imposed exile to issue the Philippine Declaration of Independence. The First Philippine Republic rejected the conditions of the Treaty of Paris, which led to the Philippine–American War and Moro Rebellion.
In Search of a New Caliber
In the late 19th century, the U.S. Navy adopted the Colt Model 1889 double-action/single-action revolver chambered in .38 Long Colt. Colt supplied a modified variant, the Model 1892, to the U.S. Army. During combat in the Philippines, it became evident that the .38-caliber bullet was ineffective at stopping determined juramentados (Moro swordsmen).
In response to official reports of the .38-caliber round's inadequacy, the Ordnance Office assembled a two-person board to investigate the topic of caliber and stopping power. Col. John T. Thompson (famous for designing the Thompson submachine gun) from the Ordnance Corps joined Col. Louis A. LaGarde from the Medical Corps.
Together, they conducted tests in 1904 using 10 different handgun cartridges on human cadavers and livestock. The lightest caliber was 7.65mm Luger, and the heaviest was .476 Eley. Thompson and LaGarde concluded that a caliber equal to or larger than .45 was necessary for a handgun to be effective as a military sidearm.
Colt 1911 History: Development and 1907 Trials
In response, Colt's technical staff began testing a modified M1902 pistol chambered in a .45-caliber cartridge. The first attempt was unsuccessful, as the modified .45 Colt cartridge was too long to function reliably.
Once it became clear that modifying the existing revolver cartridge wouldn't work, Colt developed a new round in cooperation with Winchester.
Following the development of this experimental ammunition, Browning and Colt repeatedly revised the design, resulting in the M1905 pistol, which Colt entered into the 1907 U.S. Army pistol trials.
Colt M1905 Pistol - Image source: Wikipedia
Initially announced in 1906, a series of delays postponed the trials until the following year. Several well-known firearms manufacturers submitted weapons for testing, including Luger and Savage. Colt's weapon showed the most promise. This resulted in additional revisions and tests.
Savage Model 1910 - Image source: Wikipedia
In the final test — requiring the firing of 6,000 rounds — the Savage Model 1910 experienced 37 malfunctions. The Colt-modified Model 1911 pistol experienced zero.
Colt M1911
By the time American Expeditionary Forces carried the Colt M1911 into the European battlefields of World War I, soldiers had already tested the pistol in battle during the Mexican Border War. The gun had been proven effective. Unfortunately, at the start of the war, only 75,000 pistols were available. Colt and Remington-UMC manufactured more than 640,000 pistols by the end of the war in 1918.
The M1911 Becomes the M1911A1
As World War I ended, the U.S. Army Cavalry Board began exploring ways to improve the handling characteristics of the pistol. Between 1920 and 1922, the Cavalry Board and Springfield Armory recommended a shortened hammer spur, lengthened grip safety, narrower trigger, and arched mainspring housing. Colt submitted sample weapons incorporating these changes to the Ordnance Office in 1923, which it accepted.
Colt M1911A1
In 1926, the Ordnance Committee designated the new pistol the M1911A1. In addition, the new pistol had a shortened and knurled trigger face, relief cuts on the frame behind the trigger, and a wider front sight.
In 1939, it became increasingly evident that war was inevitable, and the Ordnance Department began requesting bids and issuing "educational order" or "production study" contracts to manufacture the M1911A1 pistol. Three companies became central to wartime pistol production: Colt, Ithaca, and Remington Rand. While Ithaca produced approximately 335,000 pistols during the war, the typewriter company Remington Rand manufactured almost 900,000.
The Colt Commander
Following WWII, Colt began producing the Commander in 1950 — an aluminum-framed 9mm pistol with a 4.25" barrel and 9-round magazine. As the Commander has the same frame size as the Government Model, it's not less likely to print, but it won't require as high a ride height to conceal the muzzle in an OWB holster.
Colt Commander Pistol
Colt substituted a steel frame with the Combat Commander, increasing the weight and decreasing the recoil impulse. The aluminum-framed weapon became the Lightweight Commander.
Modern Uses
The U.S. Army formally replaced the M1911A1 in 1985 due to the need for NATO standardization (9mm instead of .45 ACP) and a higher magazine capacity (15 rounds instead of 7). However, law enforcement and special-operations forces (SOF) continue to use 1911-pattern firearms.
MEU(SOC)
The Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) or MEU(SOC) pistol is a modernized M1911A1-pattern handgun. Designated the M45, the FBI Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) and Force Recon have issued this weapon to their personnel. In the M45A1, the full-size frame has an integral accessory rail for use with lights or lasers.
Colt M45A1 Pistol
Outside of law enforcement and military applications, private citizens carry 1911 pistols for self-defense in the Government Model, Commander, and Officer's ACP configurations. In addition, competition pistol shooters use 1911 pistols due to the grip angle and crisp, single-action sliding trigger.
What Caliber is a 1911?
Browning and Colt's technical staff designed the M1911 pistol to fire the .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) cartridge, which they developed to meet the U.S. Army's requirement for a more powerful sidearm. As a result, gun owners generally associate the M1911 and M1911A1 with that caliber. Today, 1911-pattern handguns are available in various calibers, from .22 Long Rifle and .380 ACP to 10mm Auto and .50 G.I.
Find the Best 1911 Holster
The 1911 pistol is a weapon born from conflict, and these battle-tested pistols remain popular amongst firearm enthusiasts. If you carry a 1911 pistol for competition, target practice, or self-defense, you'll find Kydex and leather holsters for both inside and outside-the-waistband carry on our website.
For open or concealed carry while wearing a covering garment, an OWB holster is one of the best options available, especially with the full-size Governmental Model. Carry a Commander or Officer's ACP? Consider our IWB options for the ultimate in concealment.
If you're an avid shooter or hunter, you know the importance of having easy access to your magazines. But finding a m...
Shoulder holsters are a type of holster designed to carry a handgun on the shoulder, rather than on the hip or waist ...
In the event of a home intrusion requiring the use of a firearm to defend yourself, engagement distances are unlikely...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. (WZZM) -- When they think of all the things they are thankful for at this time of year, residents of some Grand Rapids neighborhoods always include the city police department.
"For doing a good job and keeping us safe," explains Elaine Edmonds from the Creston Neighborhood Association.
Every year members of the Creston Neighborhood Association and Garfield Park Neighborhood association collaborate to serve a meal at the Grand Rapids Police Department.
It's comfort food like chili, corn chowder and sandwiches.
They say it's a way to thank the officers for doing their often difficult, dangerous jobs.
Tuesday night they brought the annual banquet to a break room in the headquarters basement.
"We are honoring them," says Edmonds. "They put their lives on the line every day and we need to honor the police officers."
"It's just a really nice way to say thank you to all of the officers," adds Marty Smith of the Garfield Park Neighborhood Association.
"We do not get this real frequently," says GRPD Sgt. Mark Konynenbelt. "I think it's an absolute gesture of friendliness and working together."
Grand Rapids has about 300 police officers. Tuesday night the neighborhood associations think they fed and personally thanked about a third of them.


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McBride will official shutter its Hull, UK-based aerosol factory on March 31. This will result in the loss of 117 jobs. The company said it experienced "substantial losses" in its aerosol department, heavy restructuring costs in 2018 (£15.8 million [$20.8 million]) and faced extreme margin pressures and competition in the UK. However, sales rose from £212.3 million to £220.9 million ($279.8 to $291.1 million) in 2018 due to increased customer pricing and volume gains in the household segment.
As part of the restructuring, McBride sold its Personal Care Liquids business last November for £6.7 million ($8.8 million). McBride also has sites in Middleton and Barrow in the UK.


text:
Sex Offender Registration: Some Observations on 'Megan's Law' and the Sex Offenders Act 1997
Anne-Marie McAlinden
"Megan's Law" in the United States and Part 1 of the Sex Offenders Act 1997 in the United Kingdom, make provision for the creation of a register which will record the names and addresses of all persons convicted or cautioned for a sexual offence. Arguments expounded in favour of the legislation include the supposedly high recidivism among sex offenders, the inadequacy of supervision provisions, and the resulting need to 'track' the dangerous offender for public protection. In practice, however, there are a plethora of obstacles, such as cost and inadequate policing resources, which may impede its effectiveness in aiding law enforcement and reduce it to symbolic significance only. In addition, there are an array of ethical objections to the legislation, such as it breaches civil liberties and constitutes 'double jeopardy', which may prevent meaningful imposition.
Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal
Dive into the research topics of 'Sex Offender Registration: Some Observations on 'Megan's Law' and the Sex Offenders Act 1997'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
offender Social Sciences 100%
act Social Sciences 84%
Law Social Sciences 66%
legislation Social Sciences 57%
sexual offense Social Sciences 51%
civil liberties Social Sciences 50%
law enforcement Social Sciences 39%
McAlinden, A-M. (1999). Sex Offender Registration: Some Observations on 'Megan's Law' and the Sex Offenders Act 1997. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal, 1(1), 41-53.
McAlinden, Anne-Marie. / Sex Offender Registration: Some Observations on 'Megan's Law' and the Sex Offenders Act 1997. In: Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal. 1999 ; Vol. 1(1). pp. 41-53.
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N2 - "Megan's Law" in the United States and Part 1 of the Sex Offenders Act 1997 in the United Kingdom, make provision for the creation of a register which will record the names and addresses of all persons convicted or cautioned for a sexual offence. Arguments expounded in favour of the legislation include the supposedly high recidivism among sex offenders, the inadequacy of supervision provisions, and the resulting need to 'track' the dangerous offender for public protection. In practice, however, there are a plethora of obstacles, such as cost and inadequate policing resources, which may impede its effectiveness in aiding law enforcement and reduce it to symbolic significance only. In addition, there are an array of ethical objections to the legislation, such as it breaches civil liberties and constitutes 'double jeopardy', which may prevent meaningful imposition.
AB - "Megan's Law" in the United States and Part 1 of the Sex Offenders Act 1997 in the United Kingdom, make provision for the creation of a register which will record the names and addresses of all persons convicted or cautioned for a sexual offence. Arguments expounded in favour of the legislation include the supposedly high recidivism among sex offenders, the inadequacy of supervision provisions, and the resulting need to 'track' the dangerous offender for public protection. In practice, however, there are a plethora of obstacles, such as cost and inadequate policing resources, which may impede its effectiveness in aiding law enforcement and reduce it to symbolic significance only. In addition, there are an array of ethical objections to the legislation, such as it breaches civil liberties and constitutes 'double jeopardy', which may prevent meaningful imposition.
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A group of clergy of the American Catholic Church including Archbishops Lowell Paul Wadle and Percy Wise Clarkson at St Francis, Laguna Beach, c. 1937.
The Wadle years
Archbishop Lowell Paul Wadle (1900-65) became a bishop in the Apostolic Christian Church, an entity that had formed in schism from the American Catholic Church, and was consecrated for that office on 31 August 1930 by Justin Joseph Andrew Boyle (also known as Robert Raleigh) (1887-1969). However, before long, Wadle had joined the American Catholic Church proper and became auxiliary to Percy Wise Clarkson at Laguna Beach, California. Clarkson, who had been deposed from the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church for his Theosophical beliefs, built the Church (also Cathedral Chapel) of St Francis-by-the-Sea (pictured right, c. 1940) at 430, Park Avenue, on land immediately adjoining St Mary's Episcopalian church. This church soon became the focus of a very successful public ministry. When Clarkson died in 1942 the Episcopal Bishop of Los Angeles officiated at his funeral and Wadle succeeded him as Primate of the American Catholic Church, the position he would hold for the next twenty-three years. He devoted himself entirely to his work in the church, without following any secular profession, and supported by his wife, who was a physician.
For Wadle, it was possible to be both orthodox and esoteric in his beliefs, and as well as Theosophy, he was active in Freemasonry and Rosicrucianism. His membership of the Scottish Rite and Lodge of Perfection, as well as of the Rose Croix, caused him to regard the liturgy of the Order of the Crown of Thorns (the Rite of Perfection) as the fulfilment of some of the obligations and aims of those traditions.
Wadle was also instrumental in efforts both to unify the bishops of the independent sacramental churches and to create an Ecumenical Apostolic Succession. Initially, this resulted in the American Concordat Exarchate of America and Federation of Independent Catholic (and later, Orthodox) Churches between Wadle, Archbishop Antoine Aneed (q.v.) and Archbishop Edgar Ramon Verostek of the North American Old Roman Catholic Church, entered into on 30 September 1944 on which occasion all bishops involved exchanged consecrations subconditionally and appointed Aneed as Exarch and Patriarch-President of the Federation. Wadle had also previously been consecrated subconditionally by Verostek on 7 December 1941. On 23 August 1945, Wadle further exchanged consecrations with archbishops Aneed, Charles Hampton, Henry Joseph Kleefisch and Wallace David de Ortega Maxey.
On 1 January 1946, Exarch Aneed formally re-established the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of San Luigi installing Prince-Abbot Edmond I as Archbishop of San Luigi, Grand Master of the Order of the Crown of Thorns and additionally appointing him as Titular Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia in the Byzantine Universal (Catholic) and Orthodox Church of the Americas. On this occasion, Prince-Abbot Edmond I was consecrated subconditionally by Aneed assisted by Wadle and Kleefisch.
On 21 July 1947, Wadle exchanged consecrations with Matthew Nicholas Nelson, who in August 1949 would become Archbishop of the Province of the West in the Apostolic Episcopal Church. Wadle succeeded Nelson in this latter office on 7 April 1951, being installed by AEC Primate Maxey, and also succeeded Maxey as Patriarch of Malaga in the Catholicate of the West under Mar Georgius of Glastonbury (q.v.) On 13 April 1953, Mar Georgius seceded from the Catholicate, dissolving its Indian corporation, and terminated intercommunion relations with Wadle. In November 1957, by which time Mar Georgius had revived his mission, Wadle travelled to England in order, as he said, to confer upon Mar Georgius the validity of his successions, but declined to enter the sanctuary upon finding women present there.
During the 1950s, the private friendship between Wadle and Prince-Abbot Edmond I began to bear fruit and the two of them formulated a plan that would bring together the Bricaud heritage of the American Chapter of the Order of the Crown of Thorns with its proper parent body, the Grand Magistry of the Order. The chosen means was for Wadle's auxiliary bishop, Hugh Michael Strange, to be Prince-Abbot Edmond I's successor. In this way, the divisions would be healed and the esoteric elements of the Order reconciled with their headship. Strange, who had been Secretary of the American Chapter since March 1952, was appointed officially as heir-designate and granted the title of Count de l'Estrange within the Abbey-Principality of San Luigi.
Unfortunately, these plans did not produce the anticipated result. During the later 1950s, the future Prince-Abbot Edmond II, then Msgr. George Lyman, who Prince-Abbot Edmond I had known from his childhood, began to exert increasing influence within the administration of San Luigi. Lyman was soon at odds with both Wadle and Strange, and Strange concluded that he could not work with Lyman. In order to put an end to this increasingly heated situation, a meeting took place in 1960 at which Prince-Abbot Edmond I, Wadle, Strange, Aneed, Verostek and others were present, and this resulted in a formal union being entered into between Prince-Abbot Edmond I and Wadle. The two exchanged pectoral crosses to mark this occasion, both of which are preserved today in the San Luigi Archive. A proviso of the agreement was that Strange would step down as heir to San Luigi. This concordat was violently opposed by Lyman, particularly given his exclusion from the proceedings. However, soon afterwards, Lyman was appointed as heir to San Luigi by Prince-Abbot Edmond I and succeeded him as Prince-Abbot Edmond II on 16 February 1962.
None of the work of the American Chapter survived Wadle's death in 1965. The non-profit corporation established by Wadle on 4 February 1946 (following an earlier 1935 foundation) and entitled The American Chapter Of The Seminary And Orders Of L'ancienne Abbaye-Principaute De San Luigi was acquired by Prince-Abbot Edmond II in 1971 and absorbed into the general administration of the Abbey-Principality.
The present day
During 2014, the extensive archival holdings that were once located at Laguna Beach were transferred to their present repository elsewhere in the United States. Of these, numerous liturgical items and documents with relevance to the Abbey-Principality of San Luigi and the Order of the Crown of Thorns have since been restored to its custody and now form part of the San Luigi Archive, which is described elsewhere on this website. A number of these items had been obtained from the estate of Prince-Abbot Edmond II through the offices of the late Fr. James Gillespie, KOCT. In addition, research in the archive has enabled the most important aspects of the spiritual heritage represented by the American Chapter to be reunited with its parent body, most significantly consisting of the Rite of Perfection, which is now celebrated regularly within our jurisdiction.
In July 2014, following due investigation, Msgr. Jean and Mme. Eugénie (Mother Angelique Sophia) Bricaud were formally glorified by the Abbey-Principality and their names inscribed into the Abbey-Principality's Calendar of Saints, with their joint feast-day being celebrated on 24 February.


quality of the portrait is significantly better than that of the Pixel.
right to boast about the quality of that rear-facing camera.
for camera and lens image quality measurements and ratings.
Mar 18, 2018 … Google's Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL had the best smartphone cameras when they ….
gallery and see if you take most of your photos in dark settings.
third camera sensor really helps improve overall image quality.
it produces superior quality to the iPhone 7 and Galaxy Note 7.


text:
date: 2019-11-12T20:12:28-05:00
title: Brunch
repo:
weight:
description: Fast front-end web app build tool with simple declarative config and
  seamless incremental compilation for rapid development.
tools:
- Bundler/Task Runner
interactions: []
license: Open Source
data_model: ''
language: ''
related_tools: []
tags: []
urls:
  website: https://brunch.io/
  github: ''
  twitter: ''
  other: ''
resources: []

---

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Composer Series
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The 83rd Academy Awards – Official Nominees Announced
Last week the nominees for the 64th Annual BAFTAs were released and now we have the nominees for the Academy Awards and the Oscars. I do adore this time of year because awards season is always so much fun isnt' it? The hype, the anxiety, the snubs, the winners, the losers, the long shot etc. Then there's the hosts, musical numbers and overall production; it really is the Super Bowl of Motion Pictures Awards (take that Golden Globes). There's something for everyone, so what's not to love?:P
This year James Franco, up for Best Actor for 127 Hours, is set to co-host the awards show with Anne Hathaway. The 83rd Academy Awards will take place at the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles on February 27th. Personally speaking, I feel better about this year's Oscar because I've seen nearly everything that's been nominated. So that said here are the more notable nominees (photos courtesy of : Fandango)
Quite a line up and some very deserving candidates who all really deserve their shot at "Oscar Gold". For the complete list (including the more technical award nominees) click here. What are your picks?? Place your bets now!!
Here's hoping the Big Night will be something magical. As far as I'm concerned, last year was one of the very best in recent years so we'll see what happens in just over a month. At the very least I hope there are some fun photo ops that yield great lasting memories like this one below. Fingers crossed right?
(Disclaimer: I didn't take this picture but sure wish I did…also not confirmed this was taken at the Oscars either:P)
Anne HathawayJames FrancoOscars
By Marc Ciafardini
G-S-T Review…For a Good Time, Call…
ALL PASSES CLAIMED – Advance Screening Passes to 'THE ACCOUNTANT' in HOUSTON, TX
Sweet Trailer…Edgar Wright's 'The World's End'
CMrok93
I'm not all that disappointed with the Oscars this year, except no love for Christopher Nolan, or The Town for that matter. However, it doesn't matter all that much really since The Social Network is practically going to win everything it's nominated for. Which kind of blows, but hey it really was an amazing piece of work. Can't wait for the show!
MarcC
Yeah it's a pretty fair assessment of what this year had to offer. Network was pretty dope, amazing, fun, whatever you superlative you want to use; they all apply.
But I am shocked about Nolan too. Further I'm shocked that Daft Punk was overlooked for score. To be fair it was rather similar to Inception's so you could cite either redundancy in style. Nice to see John Powell nominated for sure. Although while Network's music is really great, if it does win, did you ever think you'd hear Trent Reznor and Oscar in the same sentence?:P
Ha..ha.. I just saw the same comment from cMrok93 at some other blog. I don't think Social Network is going to sweep it all, it's probably gonna be spread out evenly between that and King's Speech. I wish Andrew Garfield had been nominated over Renner, ugh, I don't know what's the fuss is about his performances?? I'm disappointed about Nolan too, as I doubt Inception would take home Best Picture honor.
Ross McG
i liked The Town but im not too angry about it not being in contention. agree with Ruth about Garfield. in many ways his is the harder role in SN. hes the person who grounds the movie for us. he should have got nominated for 'lawyer up' alone. Renner is good in the town, but not mindblowingly good, which kind of sums up the film as a whole.
Well put Ross. Your Garfield assessment is spot on. Also I agree with your comment on The Town; Renner was really the only thing that appealed to me in the slightest.
Having only seen one of the nominated films, I'm definitely going to have to start watching the nominees if this year's awards are to mean anything to me. I'm glad to have gotten Inception out of the way…i'm trusting that it can only get better from here on in.
Yes this year certainly appreciates the really great ones of 2010. There really aren't any losers in the bunch so you should really enjoy playing catch up. I'd put my money on Black Swan and 127 Hours. I really liked The King's Speech but feel that it's a "safe" Oscar bet. It didn't have the impact that Black Swan did and if Speech wins (or Network, True Grit and Kids for that matter) it may end up like Crash…one that isn't really remembered as the years go by. But that's just my thoughts:P
There are a lot of theories going around about Nolan's snubbing. Frankly, I just think the Academy doesn't really "get" the movies that Nolan makes, but then again if that were the case, Inception may not have gotten any major nominations at all.
But it's possible that for all of Inception's notoriety, the film came out far too early in the year to keep Nolan's name fresh in the minds of Academy voters over, say, Fincher or O'Russell. And of course there's always the chance that they all just thought that the other directors in the category edged out Nolan by a hair, but I'm less inclined to buy that because fucking anyone could have directed The Fighter.
For me the greatest point of interest is the Documentary category, where Exit clearly stands head and shoulders above the other entries but probably won't win on the grounds of its relative veracity. And also– who would accept that award? Banksy? Yeah right. Guetta? Maybe. Spike Jonez? Now I'm just being conspiratorial. Still, Banksy is nominated for an Oscar, and someone should do something with that.
I'm seeing a King's Speech sweep, which might mean Bale losing to Rush. Portman takes her Oscar– because it is hers, no matter who thinks they have claim to it– and Pixar takes home another Best Animated trophy. And I play with my cats instead of watching the Oscars live.
Haven't seen Fighter yet…but it's not for a lack of trying, just too busy:( Looking forward to it for sure.
I think Speech is great but it's a period piece and we've seen those before. It's a safe bet, but that's why I think Network is getting as much attention. It dares to be different. Still I'd vote for Black Swan or 127 Hours. How can the Oscars laud achievements in film if it's the same types of films that win?
Well, to be fair, The King's Speech differs greatly from, say, The Hurt Locker or Slumdog Millionaire. That said I would much rather see Black Swan win myself!
Memphis-based composer SCOTT BOMAR gives us the funky backstory on the positively groovy score to DOLEMITE IS MY NAME.
LE MATOS has found their way into the hearts of '80s fans around the globe with their energetic sound. We chat with them about their sound, their style and more.
NATHAN JOHNSON shares stories about composing the lush orchestral score to KNIVES OUT.
In 1999, THE MATRIX blew audiences away with ground-breaking, generation-defining style. I spoke with composer DON DAVIS about his experiences on the landmark series. (This is also my first post with THE HOLLYWOOD REPORTER)
We're big fans of GALAXY QUEST and were thrilled to speak with DAVID NEWMAN regarding the live-to-picture concert performance of the film during SDCC.
**GOSEETALK EXCLUSIVES**
HOLLYWOOD HITS: THE MUSIC OF JOHN WILLIAMS - Excerpts from the essay we contributed to The Dallas Symphony's playbill highlighting Tinseltown's greatest composers.
Oscar-winning composer MICHAEL GIACCHINO is one of the most talented and prolific musicians working in Hollywood. We spent 30 minutes with him to get a whirlwind retrospective of his impressive career.
We sat with JAMES NEWTON HOWARD prior to his performance at the Dallas Symphony. To this day, it's one of the most insightful interviews we've ever conducted.
Matt Schrader talks at length about his one-of-a-kind project, SCORE: A FILM MUSIC DOCUMENTARY – this definitive doc gets inside the mind of Henry Jackman, Steve Jablonsky, Harry Gregson-Williams, Brian Tyler, and dozens of influential composers.
(This post has been featured on the film's official website)
GoSeeTalk and other filmcentric websites put together a little BACK TO THE FUTURE post to celebrate 3 decades of jigawatt joy the film (and series) has given us and the world.
(This post has been featured on AlanSilvestri.com)
Get an exclusive look inside Dallas. TX based animation studio REEL FX and THE BOOK OF LIFE.
Composer Series Interviews
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text:
Епигастријум или наджелудачни регион (лат. regio epigastrica s. epigastrium) једна је од девет анатомских  регија на предњој страни тела, која припада средњем делу горњег трбушног спрата који који по површини одговара десном и левом ребрном луку и међуребарном углу (простору између међуребарних лукова).

Анатомија
Трбух или абдомен представља средњи део трупа. Налази се испод грудног коша и изнад карлице. Граница између грудног коша и трбуха је пречага (дијафрагма). Доњу границу представљају улазни отвор карличне шупљине и скелет велике карлице.

Границе епигастријума
Епигастријум је нагоре омеђен ксифоидним наставком грудне кости и хондралним ивицама (које формирају ребарни лук), надоле пупчаном регијом, а бочно бочним ивицама правог трбушног мишића  између десног и левог хипохондријума .

У епигастријуму се налази желудац , леви режањ јетре , глава гуштераче (панкреаса),  надбубрежне жлезде, део грудне (торакалне) аорте.

Током дисања, пречага (дијафрагма)се скупља и спушта, притискајући садрђај трбуха надоле и изазивајући померање горњег дела трбушног зида (епигастрична регија) према споља. Иако, епигастрични регион није мишић или орган, он је подручје активности у коме деловање правог трбушног мишића и дијафрагме изазива испупчење горњег дела трбушног зида према споља.

Хајмлихов маневар (или субдијафрагматична компресија трбуха) се изводи у епигастријуму, и одговара "јами у стомаку".

Положај епигастријума у подела трбуха по пределима

У циљу лакшег описивања положаја и односа органа садржаних у трбушној дупљи, као и патолошких и других промена, трбух је замишљеним анатомским линијама подељен на мање целине или пределе.

Хоризонталне линије

Трбухе је са две хоризонталне линије (горњу линија- која пролази кроз најнижу тачку 10. пара ребара и доњу линију - која пролази  кроз највишу тачку обе cristae iliacae)  подељен на три спрата: горњи, средњи и доњи.

Вертикалне линије

Сваки од  три спрата трбуха која су претходно подељен хоризонталним линијама, потом су левом и десном вертикалном линијом (медиоклавикуларном линијом или линијом која пролазе кроз средину Пупартове везе) подељени на три области, средњу и две  бочне (леву и десну).

Спратови трбуха
Горњи спрат трбуха је вертикалним линијама подељен на:

 централно подручје или наджелудачни регион - епигастријум - regio epigastrica s. epigastrium. У наджелудачном региону су: леви режањ јетре, хоризонтални део желдуца, део дванаестиоалачног црева (дуоденума) и већи део гуштераче (панкреаса).

 две бочне области, десни и леви подребарни или хипохондијални део: regio hypochondriaca dextra et sinistra.  У десном субребарном делу налази се десни режањ јетре, а у левом: усправни део желудца, слезина и реп гуштераче (панкреаса).

Средњи спрат трбуха је подељен на централну пупчану област -  regio umbilicalis; и две бочне области: regio lateralis dextra et sinistra.

Доњи спрат трбуха је такође подељен на централну област, названу пубична област regio pubica s. hypogastrium, и две бочна ингвиналне области: regio inguinalis dextra et sinistra.

Клинички значај

Епигастријум је део трбуха у коме трбушни потисак (Хајмлихов маневар) може да произведе брз и снажан губитак даха.

Палпацијом епигастријума се могу опипати структуре испод њега.  Ово укључује јетру и желудац.

Анеуризма аорте се палпацијом може осетити као маса у епигастријуму.

Трбушни звуци изнад епигаструјума се могу чути приликом аускултације (користећи стетоскоп) органа епигастријума. Код пацијената са стенозом бубрежне артерије и реноваскуларном хипертензијом може се чути трбушни звук у епигастријуму , иако звук понекад зрачи на једну страну.

Бол у горњем делу трбуха (епигастрични бол) може бити узрокован нечим једноставним као што је прекомерни унос храна или или пића и/или конзумирање зачињене или масне хране. Поремећај варења је један од најчешчих облика епигастричног бола. Међутим бол локализован у епигастријуму може бити узрокован и оштећењем унутрашњих органа,   првенствено црева, и структура које укључују  желудац, делове дванаестоплачног црева и жучних путева.

Бол у епигастријуму се такође може јавити код:

 акутног панкреатитиса,

 гастроезофагеалне рефлуксне болести,

 чира на желудцу или дванаестопалачном цреву,
 камена у жучи,
 абдоминалне киле,
 проблема са бешиком,
 инфекције у женским репродуктивним органима,
 дивертикулитиса.

Како је у неким случајевима бол у епигастријуму узрокован срчани проблемима,  важно је да се што пре добије брза и тачна дијагноза.

Садржај епигастријума
Епигастрични регион садржи следеће унутрашње органе:

 Једњак
 Желудац
 Јетру
 Слезину
 Гуштерачу
 Десни и леви бубрег
 Десни и леви уретер
 Десну и леву надбубрежну жлезду
 Танко црево
 Попречни део дебелог црева (колона), чији се положај може незнатно разликовати од особе до особе због његове покретне суспензије унутар попречног мезоколона. Међутим, обично се налази између епигастричне и умбиликалне регије трбуха.

Извори

Литература
 Ulrike Arnold (Red.): Pschyrembel klinisches Wörterbuch. 263. Aufl. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-025166-1.
 Marco Niedergethmann, Stefan Post: Differenzialdiagnose des Oberbauchschmerzes. In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt, 31. März 2006.
 Babak Etemad, David C. Whitcomb: Chronic pancreatitis: Diagnosis, classification, and new genetic developments. In: Gastroenterology, 1. Februar 2001.

Спољашње везе

Абдомен
Анатомија човека

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
National school systems: sources of information
Published Tuesday, 17 December, 2013
Eleanor Gadd
Joseph Garber
Mike Dowsing
This note provides sources of information including a selection of journal articles and websites on education systems in a selection of foreign countries.
National school systems: sources of information (81 KB, PDF)
Download full report Download 'National school systems: sources of information' report (81 KB, PDF)
UN International Day of Education
A debate on the UN International Day of Education has been scheduled for Thursday 28 January 2021 in the main House of Commons Chamber. The debate was selected by the Backbench Business Committee and will be led by Harriett Baldwin MP.
Opposition Day Debate: Access to Remote Education and the Quality of Free School Meals
On Monday 18 January 2021, there will be an Opposition Day Debate on access to remote education and the quality of free school meals. This landing page highlights some of the available data and also provides links to existing Library and other briefings on these issues.
Coronavirus and schools: FAQs
This briefing paper looks at the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on schools and pupils. It largely focuses on England, and has been updated following the Prime Minister's January 2021 announcement that physical attendance at school would be restricted for most pupils.


Dine in style with friends and co-workers. Bring in clients to close deals or capture critical thinking to accelerate your business. The Terrace offers state of the art, marble buffet equipment for our daily lunch buffets. The Club has gone green with top of the line induction heating, which is not only a more elegant way to present food but is safer and better for the environment. Our elaborate lunch buffet is known as one of the best in the city-come check it out! Entrees are posted in the monthly newsletter and on out Club web site, and the full buffet and daily specials are posted each morning. The room features tall ceilings and the renderings of local artist, Melissa Wilson. The Terrace is also used for Club events but may be utilized for your private affair in the evening or on weekends.


A warm welcome to Dublin's Modern Magic Records. This mix closely follows thier second release from DMX Krew. The Rephlex veteran and his arsenal of machines have touched on acid, electro, boogie, synth pop, techno, IDM, Italo disco and house of many different shades over the years. With their second record just hitting the shops this week, the guys made a mix featuring artists, sounds and labels that influence the eclectic sound of the label. Upcoming next for them is an EP from Armonics with a roaring remix from Black Spuma (Lauer & Fabrizio Mammerella). Catch Modern Magic on the main stage at Life Festival outside of Dublin at the end of this month, then again at their own club night with Subject to celebrate the Aphex Twin after party with Altern 8 at District 8.


This Case Mod is dedicated to those who have perished climbing Mt.Everest.
May you continue your adventure in peace.
Greetings everyone! My name is Sean or most know me as (Seananigans/ArtMods) and I hail from the United States of America.
In the build/mod I will be using the following hardware (some subject to change) I will update and add more as the mod progresses.
Below are all the parts I received so far.
All this hardware brings me to the conceptual artwork for the case mod. This case mod is special to me. It is more or less a memorial for those whom set out to summit the great Mt. Everest and were lost along the way.
the ones who were brought back to camp and the ones frozen in time that remain on that mountain range.
On the left we start at the top, where an Ice pick is lodged into the front and top of the case as if the case was a sheet of Ice. This serves as a handle to carry the case around. As we move down the case you will notice the "Base Camp sign" This is the shroud to cover the factory PSU enclosure and will be an exact (scaled down) replica. Below that (not pictured yet) the GPU will have a back plate to look like rock and ice to give the feeling of the base camp, the cold, and the terrain. Stringing off of that will be Tibetan prayer flags in which the fans will blow them in the wind releasing prayers into the atmosphere and give it the ominous and chilling feeling that we all see in the photos. I am still debating on painting a mural on the motherboard tray of the mountains.
To the right of the photo the outside of the case is going to be simple. I am putting some orange in there (on the back panel door and the lights in the front) to represent the tents and equipment at base camp. The front of the case will have a sheet of ice where the Ice pick will be inserted (not pictured). At the bottom of the case, I will be using crampons as case feet, I thought it would give it a bit of an edge.
Now, we start the modding process! The PSU shroud is something I always start with because it will set the tone for the whole case.
I start with some .25 aluminum sheet. I measured out the length and height in the case and made sure it covered what I needed it to. Then I technically drew the design onto the aluminum using the measurements. From there I double, triple and quadruple checked it to make sure my size was perfect. After all that I used tin snips to cut the design out. I sanded the edges down with sandpaper. Starting with 50G to get the large burs off then up to 120 to smooth it out, then to 400 to give it a very fine finish.
After that is all hammered out, flat, smooth. I then set the shroud up in the paint booth. Here, I use self etching primer as my first coat. When dry, I use industrial black finish (for loading docks) and give it a once over. Then, the Curio comes into play with me measuring out how much space I need for the text at first. Then I pull an image from Photoshop cut out the letters, throw it into silhouette studio and cut it out on vinyl. This "positive stencil" is then applied onto the black coat.
BACK TO THE BOOTH!!! I set up the shroud with the stencil applied and give it one coat of yellow paint. When this is almost dry (not too tacky) I peel off the stencil. The reason behind that is because I do not want the stencil (with dry paint on it) to pull off the surrounding paint.
I then take red acrylic paint and outline the edges of the shroud.
We are close to the end! I am starting to add some detail now, the letters underneath with the arrow through it and the white (whatever the heck it is) splashed on it.
And there we have it! The final Product!
I have been working on the design for the front panel of the InWin 301. A lot of thought was put into it and a lot of preparations had to be made in order to cut through this steel. I want to give a HUGE thank you to LMT-Onsrud for providing and helping me get the perfect milling bits for the job (that fit in a Dremel rotary tool).
To begin the process I started off doing a lot of research for images of Mt. Everest, the Basecamp and I tried to find the names of the fallen adventurers as well. I decided to not go with the names because, well frankly there are too many. I liked the Idea of cutting the mountain into it so that's what I went with. I brought the design into Silhouette Studio where I then created the template to send to the Curio to cut on vinyl. I then applied the vinyl to the front of the case. Using the LMT mills and my Dremel, I started cutting out my basic shapes making sure not to hit the edges of the vinyl stencil to leave room for the finished edges.
From there I used a variety of Files, Grinding discs and more mills to expand the design across the front panel. This means I started cleaning up the edges as well. After that was done my Dremel 3000 finally died on me. The gears got stripped and the whole tool was piping hot to the touch. So I went out and picked up a Dremel 200 hoping it would do the job in a pinch, and it surprisingly came through for me. So I used some cutting discs and more filing to pull my design out a bit more. I added quite a bit after with a pencil so I could pronounce the shapes of the mountain. When I used the cutting wheels I added some straight thin lines to try to create some depth within the piece.
Then came the sanding using a variety of sandpaper and then more filing and more sanding to get all of the burs off creating a smooth surface.
I am currently cleaning it up a bit more as I noticed (in the photos) some spots that need to be hit with a file. After I go through it a few more times with the file and sandpaper, I am going to be sanding the whole case, then applying my paint to the exterior.
After I cut out the the Mountain on the front panel, I went back in and cleaned it up. I sanded it more going up to 1200g and then Started the painting process.
First thing to do was to gut the case. Then the left overs that were riveted in were masked with blue tape. I then took it over to the spray booth and let loose with the rattle can. I did 1 coat every hour until I achieved the finish I wanted then let dry for 48 hrs.
In that time I was able to start on the window.
I used the Silhouette Cameo to cut out a Vinyl stencil to etch the map of Mt. Everest camp sites on the window.
I used a thin chemical/etching paint mix to start the etching off. This was to ensure that IF the vinyl were to come off, I would still have a nice etched look (gotta cover your rear end). After that was dry, I went back over it with 60G, 120g, 400g, and 1200g sand paper. This turned the chemical etch more opaque (not too much though). I went a little overboard with the opacity of the etch because I wanted it to show up in final photos.
So after the 2 day etch it was time to check out the paint job on the case. I finally got the finish I was looking for. So I took it out of the booth and put it back on the shop bench.
I was having some issues with my concept design. It was just too... much. A wise man once told me that "If you run across an issue that you can not resolve on the spot, you need to sleep on it" So I listened, and slept on it. The next day I woke up to a wet shop, It had rained the night before and the water had gotten under the door flooding a part of the shop. So while getting the water out, it hit me. The window needed something else... RUST. It needed to resemble a lost piece of equipment stranded in the mountains and torn by the elements. Metal, rust, decay. The representation of those that were lost up on those mountains along with their supplies. So I pulled the paint out and started doing some Liquid leafing and rust effects.
This is the part I really can not explain because this type of painting is all about YOU. There is no right or wrong way to age or do faux rust. Just make sure you have a dark and a light color. In this case my choice was a Brown and Orange, a little bit of water and a Chip brush. Popped on some music and away I went.
And then popped it back in to see what it will look like.
I really like details. Small details that you wouldn't think twice about. Even if you can't always see them, you know there there and without them something would be missing.
So I started out by rusting up the InWin logo and a few internal parts.
After that, I started my design for the Ram Using Fusion 360 and used some copperfill filament to use for the 3D Print.
Up next, I started painting the Motherboard tray using some metal flake paint. Then the installation of the painted parts began.
I then inserted some mesh into the front of the case where I cut the Intake "holes"
Then, it was time to start putting the hardware together! Using the MSI Arctic Mortar and a AMD RYZEN 1500X CPU.
From there I ordered an Alphacool Eisbear from ModMyMods as well as the AM4 plate.
Then It was time to install all my 3D Printed parts. The Copper also started Oxidizing which looked really neat.
The GPU needed some love so I added a wood back plate as well as some wood accents to create a natural and winter feel to the interior.
The Case was coming together nicely so far. Just needed to add the Adata XPG SSD and the Primochill hardline! I also added some Tibetan Prayer Flags to give it that Tibetan/Mt. Everest Base camp feel (They also flap in the wind from the fans).
Thank you all for viewing my work log! I hope you enjoyed!
This is truly a beautiful dedication, and I love how you captured a lot of the elements I can relate to - from the good 'ol base camp to Kala Patar with demarkers (prayer flags) and all; Heck I even see elements from the Tea houses along the way!
Thank you very much for sharing this great mod with us.
Thank you so much! I am so happy you recognize a lot of the detail and research I did. You named pretty much everything I have studied to make this mod come to life. I spent most of time gathering pictures, talking to people who have been to Tibet/Nepal and reading as many articles as I could (since I unfortunately have never been). I really wanted to get the colors and the atmosphere of the mod as close to reality as possible. It really makes me happy and is super cool that you can relate to it.
Absolutely gorgeous Sean! I had no idea what to expect when you announced this build, but as I saw the parts start to arrive and the build progress... Just, WOW!
This is a build to go in a museum somewhere.
Thanks Brother! That was a very nice complement! I am so happy you enjoyed it!


Handcrafted and highly polished 5052 series .032 thick Aluminum with 5/32″ aluminum rivets. Fits a Driver's License and 4 embossed Credit Cards. I can also made a slightly thicker wallet that will hold a few more cards. If there are any other designs you would like to discuss with me, let me know, this is my 10th product in the last three months, always new stuff coming out and I welcome your suggestions.


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Our brake repair estimates are 99% accurate. There are times (1%) when we cannot predict unforeseen circumstances. We will dis-assemble and measure EVERYTHING. We will call you and give you a detailed list of the current specifications and what your brakes, rotors and drums measured.
We will give you "run out" and minimum machining tolerances. Brake drum maximum machining tolerances. We will take the extra time to wash all machined parts by hand (unheard of in today's world) but we still do it. We take apart every movable part and apply special brake lube called "Sil-glyde" to all moving parts (also unheard of in today's world) why? Simply because it cost time and money. This is a standard procedure with ALL our brake jobs at no extra cost.
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text:
Q: Find mean, standard deviation etc of azimuths I have a Matlab script that tells me about great circle paths crossing grid locations, and want to look at the distribution of paths crossing a certain grid location.  For some location, I have a vector of azimuths of paths crossing that location,
az_vec

and I want to find the mean, standard deviation, and potentially other quantities of this vector.  What I have right now is simply
mean_az = mean(az_vec);
std_az  = std(az_vec);

and these work fine for narrow distributions of angles far away from 0/360 degrees, but for distributions including 0 degrees they don't work.  E.g.
mean_az = mean([10 350])

should return 0, not 180.  I don't think I can use a function like wrapTo180, because then I will have the same problem around 180 degrees.
Is there some way to handle this wrapping problem?

A: There is a solution in the MATLAB file exchange for this:
MEANANGLE
>> meanangle([10,340])

ans =

   -5.0000

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Bring your appetite with you when you come to Geneva! You'll want to sample all we have to offer. Choose from 5-star restaurants, casual bistros and fine chocolatiers to cozy coffee houses, tempting bakeries and gourmet carry-out.
Private Dining Room in Brisbane's CBD. Looking for a private dining room in Brisbane for your next special occasion? Il Centro is delighted to offer diners exclusive use of a new private dining room – La Sala.
Resort Dining AQ Chop House. With uninterrupted views of the Atlantic Ocean, AQ Chop House by Il Mulino highlights the resort's Mediterranean heritage and features approachable cuisine that blends a modern steakhouse with Italian flavors offering prime cuts of meat, a selection of crudos, and seafood.
Welcome to your online catering management system. Whether planning a simple breakfast or an upscale executive luncheon, you will find all of our most popular menu selections online.
Fill you empty stomach at The Melting Pot, a fine dining restaurant that combines gourmet fare with casual flair in Downers Grove, Illinois.
Welcome to Il Cortile Ristorante, Downtown Paso Robles' fine dining Italian Restaurant. We invite you to join us to enjoy our seasonal menus created with the freshest ingredients sourced by our surrounding local and regional landscapes.
There's no better place to live in the Midwest than Naperville, and The Melting Pot has become a worthy restaurant in the city's impressive dining repertoire.


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Veteran US pilots criticise Boeing for flaws on its grounded 737 MAX aircraft
Sullenberger performed a dramatic landing of a damaged US Airways A320 jet in the Hudson River in New York in 2009 after a bird strike disabled the engines.
Published: 20th June 2019 08:57 PM | Last Updated: 20th June 2019 08:57 PM | A+A A-
In this May 8, 2019, file photo a Boeing 737 MAX 8, being built for American Airlines, makes a turn on the runway as it is readied for takeoff on a test flight in Renton, Wash. | AP
WASHINGTON: One of America's best-known airline pilots has told a congressional panel that an automated flight control system on the troubled Boeing 737 MAX aircraft was "fatally flawed" and should never have been approved.
Retired Captain Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger said he understands how the pilots of two 737 Max planes that recently crashed would have been confused as they struggled to maintain control of the aircraft, as an automated system erroneously began forcing the planes into nose dives.
All 155 people onboard the flight were rescued.
ALSO READ | US pilots call for enhanced training on 737 MAX after AIG approval
The House Aviation Subcommittee is investigating the crashes of Boeing 737 Max jets in Indonesia in October last year and in Ethiopia in March that killed a total of 346 people.
The panel is also examining what role, if any, Boeing's rush to develop the latest version of it's 737 and the FAA's process of certifying the new model as airworthy may have played in the tragedies.
Sullenberger said Wednesday that late in the flight testing of the 737 MAX, Boeing discovered an aircraft handling issue.
Because the 737 MAX engines were larger than the engines on previous 737 models they had to be mounted higher and farther forward for ground clearance, which reduced the aircraft's natural aerodynamic stability in certain conditions.
Boeing decided to address the handling issue by adding a software feature, Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), to the 737 MAX, the 68-year-old veteran pilot said.
The MCAS was made autonomous, able in certain conditions to move a secondary flight control by itself to push the nose down without pilot input, he said.
In adding the MCAS, Boeing added a computer-controlled feature to a human-controlled airplane but without also adding to it the integrity, reliability and redundancy that a computer-controlled system requires, Sullenberger said in a statement on his Twitter handle.
ALSO READ | MH17 investigators name three Russian suspects, one Ukrainian
Boeing also designed MCAS to look at data from only one Angle of Attack (AOA) sensor, not two.
One result of this decision was that it allowed false data from a single sensor to wrongly trigger the activation of MCAS, thus creating a single point of failure, he said.
A single point of failure in an aircraft goes against widely held aircraft design principles, he said.
On both accident flights, the triggering event was a failure of an AOA sensor, he said.
"We do not yet know why the AOA sensors on these flights generated erroneous information, triggering MCAS, whether they were damaged, sheared off after being struck, were improperly maintained or repaired, or for some other reason," he told the congressional committee.
"It is clear that the original version of MCAS was fatally flawed and should never have been approved," he said.
The 737 Max planes remain out of service as aviation authorities around the world, including in India, grounded the planes shortly after the second crash in Ethiopia.
Boeing says it has now completed a software fix for the automated system called MCAS, which investigators say appears to be at least partly to blame in the crashes.
Sullenberger also said that Boeing designers also gave MCAS too much authority, meaning that they allowed it to autonomously move the horizontal stabilizer to the full nose-down limit.
Obviously Boeing did not intend for this to happen.
But to make matters worse, even the existence of MCAS, much less its operation, was not communicated to the pilots who were responsible for safely operating the aircraft until after the first crash, he said.
Highlighting the importance of safety, he said, "We owe it to everyone who flies, passengers and crews alike, to do much better than to design aircraft with inherent flaws that we intend pilots will have to compensate for and overcome.
"Pilots must be able to handle an unexpected emergency and still keep their passengers and crew safe, but we should first design aircraft for them to fly that do not have inadvertent traps set for them," Sullenberger said.
"We must also consider the human factors of these accidents," he said.
Pilots need physical, firsthand experience to be prepared for emergencies, Sullenberger said.
"Reading about it on an iPad is not even close to sufficient," he emphasised.
Daniel Carey, president of the Allied Pilots Association, which represents pilots at American Airlines, noted Boeing's strong safety record generally, but he criticised the aerospace giant for making "many mistakes" in order to reduce costs.
"Boeing designs and engineers and manufacturers superb aircraft," Carey testified.
"Unfortunately in the case of the MAX, I'll have to agree with the Boeing CEO, they let the travelling public down in a fatal and catastrophic way," he said.
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Boeing 737 MAX 737 MAX aircraft Eithopian air crash Lion air crash


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Home > Latest News > Appin looking almost too good to ride on!
Appin looking almost too good to ride on!
Thursday 09 April: Appin is all set to turn it up this weekend, when the MX Nationals makes it's way to New South Wales for round two of the 2015 motocross series.
After a benchmark setting round one at Horsham, crowds can expect plenty of thrills when engines fire up at the Appin circuit this weekend.
McCarthur Motorcycle Club Property Manager Paul Dow, says that Appin has never looked better, and is looking forward to welcoming the floods of fans when racing kicks off on Sunday.
"The track is looking absolutely fantastic. We always put in plenty of work when the MX Nationals heads to Appin, and I think people will be very pleased with what they see on Sunday. The venue it's self is in great condition, and we are more than ready to bring in hundreds of MX Nationals fans for round two this weekend."
MX Nationals Series promoter Kevin Williams also shared his excitement on the venue's outstanding preparation for round two.
"The Williams Event Management team arrived yesterday afternoon to a venue at Appin that is completely ready to race on. This is without a doubt the best prepped we've seen Appin since we started bringing the MX Nationals to the area. The club have added a lot of mulch, there is plenty of moisture in the dirt, and honestly it almost looks too good to ride on!"
Don't forget, if you can't be at the track on Sunday to watch all of the action in person, you can catch all of the races LIVE, via http://www.nrgtv.com.au/live/
Copy and image courtesy of Eskimo Media.


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August 21, 2012 | Louie Helm | Newsletters
This newsletter was sent to newsletter subscribers in early August, 2012.
Greetings from the Executive Director
The big news this month is that we surpassed our fundraising goal of raising $300,000 in the month of July. My thanks to everyone who donated! Your contributions will help us finish launching CFAR and begin to build a larger and more productive research team working on some of the most important research problems in the world. Luke Muehlhauser
August 6, 2012 | Louie Helm | Newsletters
This newsletter was sent out to Machine Intelligence Research Institute newsletter subscribers in July 2012
Friends of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute,
Greetings! Our new monthly newsletter will bring you the latest updates from the Machine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI). (You can read earlier monthly progress updates here.)
These are exciting times at MIRI. We just launched our new website, and also the website for the Center for Applied Rationality. We have several research papers under development, and after a long hiatus from AI research, researcher Eliezer Yudkowsky is planning a new sequence of articles on "Open Problems in Friendly AI."
We have also secured $150,000 in matching funds for a new fundraising drive. To help support us in our work toward a positive Singularity, please donate today and have your gift doubled!
Luke Muehlhauser
Machine Intelligence Research Institute Executive Director
2012 Summer Singularity Challenge Success!
July 30, 2012 | Luke Muehlhauser | News
Thanks to the effort of our donors, the 2012 Summer Singularity Challenge has been met! All $150,000 contributed will be matched dollar for dollar by our matching backers, raising a total of $300,000 to fund the Machine Intelligence Research Institute'€™s operations. We reached our goal near 6pm on July 29th.
On behalf of our staff, volunteers, and entire community, I want to personally thank everyone who donated. Your dollars make the difference.
Here'€™s to a better future for the human species.
2012 Summer Singularity Challenge
July 3, 2012 | Luke Muehlhauser | News
Thanks to the generosity of several major donors,† every donation to the Machine Intelligence Research Institute made now until July 31, 2012 will be matched dollar-for-dollar, up to a total of $150,000!
Now is your chance to double your impact while helping us raise up to $300,000 to help fund our research program and stage the upcoming Singularity Summit… which you can register for now!
Note: If you prefer to support rationality training, you are welcome to earmark your donations for "CFAR" (Center for Applied Rationality). Donations earmarked for CFAR will only be used for CFAR, and donations not earmarked for CFAR will only be used for Singularity research and outreach.
Since we published our strategic plan in August 2011, we have achieved most of the near-term goals outlined therein. Here are just a few examples:
We outlined the open research problems related to our work (Section 1.1).
We recruited several more research associates and about a dozen remote researchers (Section 1.2e).
We held our annual Singularity Summit and gained corporate sponsors for it (Section 2.1).
We made progress in decision theory (example) via LessWrong.com and our research associates (Section 2.2b).
We published How to Run a Successful Less Wrong Meetup Group (Section 2.2d).
We released pre-prints of several forthcoming research articles, including How Hard is Artificial Intelligence?, Intelligence Explosion: Evidence and Import, and The Singularity and Machine Ethics (Section 2.3).
We redesigned our primary website (Section 2.6).
We acquired $40,000/month in free Google Adwords advertising, to drive traffic to websites operated by the Machine Intelligence Research Institute (Section 2.6c).
We began publishing monthly progress reports (Section 2.9b).
We built up the Center for Applied Rationality such that it should be able to spin off from the Machine Intelligence Research Institute later this year (Section 3.1).
We created a transparency section on our website, where visitors can find our IRS 990 forms, and also several standard organizational policies, e.g. a conflict of interest policy, non-discrimination policy, etc (Section 3.2).
In the coming year, the Machine Intelligence Research Institute plans to do the following:
Hold our annual Singularity Summit, this year in San Francisco!
Spin off the Center for Applied Rationality as a separate organization focused on rationality training, so that the Machine Intelligence Research Institute can be focused more exclusively on Singularity research and outreach.
Publish additional research on AI risk and Friendly AI.
Eliezer will write an "Open Problems in Friendly AI" sequence for Less Wrong. (For news on his rationality books, see here.)
Finish Facing the Singularity and publish ebook versions of Facing the Singularity and The Sequences, 2006-2009.
And much more! For details on what we might do with additional funding, see How to Purchase AI Risk Reduction.
If you're planning to earmark your donation to CFAR (Center for Applied Rationality), here's a preview of what CFAR plans to do in the next year:
Develop additional lessons teaching the most important and useful parts of rationality. CFAR has already developed and tested over 18 hours of lessons so far, including classes on how to evaluate evidence using Bayesianism, how to make more accurate predictions, how to be more efficient using economics, how to use thought experiments to better understand your own motivations, and much more.
Run immersive rationality retreats to teach from our curriculum and to connect aspiring rationalists with each other. CFAR ran pilot retreats in May and June. Participants in the May retreat called it "transformative" and "astonishing," and the average response on the survey question, "Are you glad you came? (1-10)" was a 9.4. (We don't have the June data yet, but people were similarly enthusiastic about that one.)
Run SPARC, a camp on the advanced math of rationality for mathematically gifted high school students. CFAR has a stellar first-year class for SPARC 2012; most students admitted to the program placed in the top 50 on the USA Math Olympiad (or performed equivalently in a similar contest).
Collect longitudinal data on the effects of rationality training, to improve our curriculum and to generate promising hypotheses to test and publish, in collaboration with other researchers. CFAR has already launched a one-year randomized controlled study tracking reasoning ability and various metrics of life success, using participants in our June minicamp and a control group.
Develop apps and games about rationality, with the dual goals of (a) helping aspiring rationalists practice essential skills, and (b) making rationality fun and intriguing to a much wider audience. CFAR has two apps in beta testing: one training players to update their own beliefs the right amount after hearing other people's beliefs, and another training players to calibrate their level of confidence in their own beliefs. CFAR is working with a developer on several more games training people to avoid cognitive biases.
We appreciate your support for our high-impact work! Donate now, and seize a better than usual chance to move our work forward. Credit card transactions are securely processed using either PayPal or Google Checkout. If you have questions about donating, please contact Louie Helm at (510) 717-1477 or louie@intelligence.org.
† $150,000 of total matching funds has been provided by Jaan Tallinn, Tomer Kagan, Alexei Andreev, and Brandon Reinhart.
Machine Intelligence Research Institute Progress Report, May 2012
June 16, 2012 | Luke Muehlhauser | News
Past progress reports: April 2012, March 2012, February 2012, January 2012, December 2011.
Here's what the Machine Intelligence Research Institute did in May 2012:
How to Purchase AI Risk Reduction: Luke wrote a series of posts on how to purchase AI risk reduction, with cost estimates for many specific projects. Some projects are currently in place at SI; others can be launched if we are able to raise sufficient funding.
Research articles: Luke continued to work with about a dozen collaborators on several developing research articles, including "Responses to Catastrophic AGI Risk," mentioned here.
Other writings: Kaj Sotala, with help from Luke and many others, published How to Run a Successful Less Wrong Meetup Group. Carl published several articles: (1) Utilitarianism, contractualism, and self-sacrifice, (2) Philosophers vs. economists on discounting, (3) Economic growth: more costly disasters, better prevention, and (4) What to eat during impact winter? Eliezer wrote Avoid Motivated Cognition. Luke posted part 2 of his dialogue with Ben Goertzel about AGI.
Ongoing long-term projects: Amy continued to work on Singularity Summit 2012. Michael continued to work on the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's new primary website, new annual report, and new newsletter design. Louie and SI's new executive assistant Ioven Fables are hard at work on organizational development and transparency (some of which will be apparent when the new website launches).
Center for Applied Rationality (CFAR): The CFAR team continued to make progress toward spinning off this rationality-centric organization, in keeping with SI's strategic plan. We also held the first summer minicamp, which surpassed our expectations and was very positively received. (More details on this will be compiled later.)
Meetings with advisors, supporters, and potential researchers: As usual, various SI staff met or spoke with dozens of advisors, supporters, and collaborators about how to build the existential risk community, how to mitigate AI risk, how to improve the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's effectiveness, and other topics.
And of course much more than is listed here!
Finally, we'd like to recognize our most active volunteers in May 2012: Matthew Fallshaw, Gerard McCusker, Frank Adamek, David Althaus, Tim Oertel, and Casey Pfluger. Thanks everyone! (And, our apologies if we forgot to name you!)
Machine Intelligence Research Institute Progress Report, April 2012
May 8, 2012 | Louie Helm | News
Past progress reports: March 2012, February 2012, January 2012, December 2011.
Here's what the Machine Intelligence Research Institute did in April 2012:
SPARC: Several MIRI staff members are working in collaboration with SI research associate Paul Christiano and a few others to develop a rationality camp for high school students with exceptional mathematical ability (SPARC). This is related to our efforts to spin off a new rationality-focused organization, and it is also a major step forward in our efforts to locate elite young math talent that may be useful in our research efforts.
Research articles: Luke published AI Risk Bibliography 2012. He is currently developing nearly a dozen other papers with a variety of co-authors. New SI research associate Kaj Sotala has two papers forthcoming in the International Journal of Machine Consciousness: Advantages of Artificial Intelligences, Uploads, and Digital Minds and Coalescing Minds: Brain Uploading-Related Group Mind Scenarios.
Other articles: Luke published a dialogue with AGI researcher Pei Wang and several more posts in the AI Risk and Opportunity series. Luke also worked with Kaj Sotala to develop an instructional booklet for Less Wrong meetup group organizers, which is nearly complete.
Ongoing long-term projects: Amy continued to work on Singularity Summit 2012. Michael launched the new Singularity Summit website, continued to work on the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's new primary website, new annual report, and new newsletter design. Luke uploaded several more volunteer-prepared translations of Facing the Singularity. Luke also continued to build the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's set of remote collaborators, who are hard at work converting the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's research articles to a new template, hunting down predictions of AI, writing literature summaries on heuristics and biases, and more.
Center for Applied Rationality (CFAR): "Rationality Group" now has a final name: the Center for Applied Rationality (CFAR). The CFAR team has been hard at work preparing for the upcoming rationality minicamps, as well as continuing to develop the overall strategy for the emerging organization.
Meetings with advisors, supporters, and potential researchers: As usual, various SI staff met or spoke with dozens of advisors, supporters, and collaborators about how to build the existential risk community, how to mitigate AI risk, how to improve the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's effectiveness, and other topics. Quixey co-founder and CEO Liron Shapira was added as an advisor.
Finally, we'd like to recognize our most active volunteers in April 2012: Matthew Fallshaw, Gerard McCusker, Frank Adamek, David Althaus, Tim Oertel, Casey Pfluger, Paul Gentemann, and John Maxwell. Thanks everyone! (And, our apologies if we forgot to name you!)
Machine Intelligence Research Institute Progress Report, March 2012
April 6, 2012 | Louie Helm | News
Past progress reports: February 2012, January 2012, December 2011.
Fun fact of the day: The Machine Intelligence Research Institute's research fellows and research associates have more peer-reviewed publications forthcoming in 2012 than they had published in all past years combined.
Here's what the Machine Intelligence Research Institute did in March 2012:
Research articles: Luke and Anna released an updated draft of Intelligence Explosion: Evidence and Import, and Luke and Louie released an updated draft of The Singularity and Machine Ethics. Luke submitted an article (co-authored with Nick Bostrom) to Communications of the ACM — an article on Friendly AI. Machine Intelligence Research Institute research associate Joshua Fox released two forthcoming articles co-authored with (past Machine Intelligence Research Institute Visiting Fellow) Roman Yampolskiy: Safety Engineering for Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial General Intelligence and the Human Mental Model.
Other articles: Luke published The AI Problem, with Solutions, How to Fix Science, Muehlhauser-Goertzel Dialogue Part 1, a list of journals that may publish articles on AI risk, and the first three posts in his series AI Risk and Opportunity: A Strategic Analysis. The Machine Intelligence Research Institute paid (past Visiting Fellow) Kaj Sotala to write most of a new instructional booklet for Less Wrong meetup group organizers, which should be published in the next month or two. Eliezer continued work on his new Bayes' Theorem tutorial and other writing projects. Carl published Using degrees of freedom to change the past for fun and profit and Are pain and pleasure equally energy efficient?
Ongoing long-term projects: Amy continued to work on Singularity Summit 2012. Michael continued to work on the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's new primary website, new Summit website, new annual report, and new newsletter design. Louie continued to improve our accounting processes and also handled several legal and tax issues. Luke uploaded several more volunteer-prepared translations of Facing the Singularity. Luke also continued to build the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's set of remote collaborators, who are hard at work converting the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's research articles to a new template, hunting down predictions of AI, writing literature summaries on heuristics and biases, and more.
Rationality Group: Per our strategic plan, we will launch this new "Rationality Group" organization soon, so that the Machine Intelligence Research Institute can focus on its efforts on activities related to AI risk. In March, Rationality Group (led by Anna) contracted with Julia Galef and Michael Smith to work toward launching the organization. Eliezer continued to help Rationality Group develop and test its lessons. Rationality Group has begun offering prizes for suggesting exercises for developing rationality skills, starting with the skills of "Be Specific" and "Check Consequentialism." Rationality Group has also announced three Minicamps on Rationality and Awesomeness, for May 11-13, June 22-24, and July 21-28. Apply now.
Meetings with advisors, supporters, and potential researchers: As usual, various SI staff met or spoke with dozens of advisors, supporters, and collaborators about how to build the existential risk community, how to mitigate AI risk, how to improve the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's effectiveness, and other topics. This included a two-week visit by Nick Beckstead, who worked with us on AI risk reduction strategy.
Finally, we'd like to recognize our most active volunteers in March 2012: Matthew Fallshaw, Gerard McCusker, Frank Adamek, and David Althaus. Thanks everyone! (And, our apologies if we forgot to name you!)
Machine Intelligence Research Institute Progress Report, February 2012
March 3, 2012 | Louie Helm | News
Past progress reports: January 2012, December 2011.
Here's what the Machine Intelligence Research Institute did in February 2012:
Winter fundraiser completed: Thanks to the generous contributions of our supporters, our latest winter fundraiser was a success, raising much more than our target of $100,000!
Research articles: Luke and Anna published the Singularity Summit 2011 Workshop Report and released a draft of their article Intelligence Explosion: Evidence and Import, forthcoming in Springer's The Singularity Hypothesis. Luke also worked on an article forthcoming in Communications of the ACM.
Other articles: Luke published a continuously updated list of Forthcoming and desired articles on AI risk. For Less Wrong, Carl published Feed the Spinoff Heuristic, and Luke published My Algorithm for Beating Procrastination, A brief tutorial on preferences in AI, and Get Curious. Carl also published 4 articles on ethical careers for the 80,000 Hours blog (later posts will discuss optimal philanthropy and existential risks): How hard is it to become the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom?, Entrepreneurship: a game of poker, not roulette, Software engineering: Britain vs. Silicon Valley, and 5 ways to be misled by salary rankings.
Ongoing long-term projects: Amy continued to work on Singularity Summit 2012. Michael continued to work on the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's new website, and uploaded all past Singularity Summit videos to YouTube. Louie continued to improve our accounting processes and also handled several legal and tax issues. Luke uploaded several volunteer-prepared translations of Facing the Singularity, and also a podcast for this online mini-book.
Grant awarded: The Machine Intelligence Research Institute awarded philosopher Rachael Briggs a $20,000 grant to write a paper on Eliezer Yudkowsky's timeless decision theory. Two of Rachael's papers — Distorted Reflection and Decision-Theoretic Paradoxes as Voting Paradoxes — have previously been selected as among the 10 best philosophy papers of the year by The Philosopher's Annual.
Rationality Group: Anna and Eliezer continued to lead the development of a new rationality education organization, temporarily called "Rationality Group." Per our strategic plan, we will launch this new organization soon, so that the Machine Intelligence Research Institute can focus on its efforts on activities related to AI risk. In February our Rationality Group team worked on curriculum development with several potential long-term hires, developed several rationality lessons which they tested (weekly) on small groups and iterated in response to feedback, spoke to advisors about how to build the organization and gather fundraising, and much more. The team also produced one example rationality lesson on sunk costs, including a presentation and exercise booklets. Note that Rationality Group is currently hiring curriculum developers, a remote executive assistant, and others, so apply here if you're interested!
Meetings with advisors, supporters, and potential researchers: As usual, various SI staff met or spoke with dozens of advisors, supporters, and collaborators about how to build the existential risk community, how to mitigate AI risk, how to improve the Machine Intelligence Research Institute's effectiveness, and other topics. We also met with several potential researchers to gauge their interest and abilities. Carl spent two weeks in Oxford visiting the Future of Humanity Institute and working with the researchers there.
Outsourcing: On Louie's (sound) advice, the Machine Intelligence Research Institute is undergoing a labor transition such that most of the work we do (in hours) will eventually be performed not by our core staff but by (mostly remote) hourly contractors and volunteers, for example remote researchers, remote LaTeX workers, remote editors, and remote assistants. This shift provides numerous benefits, including (1) involving the broader community more directly in our work, (2) providing jobs for aspiring rationalists, and (3) freeing up our core staff to do the things that, due to accumulated rare expertise, only they can do.
Finally, we'd like to recognize our most active volunteers in February 2012: Brian Rabkin, Cameron Taylor, Mitchell Owen, Gerard McCusker, Alex Richard, Andrew Homan, Vincent Vu, Gabriel Sztorc, Paul Gentemann, John Maxwell, and David Althaus. Thanks everyone! (And, our apologies if we forgot to name you!)
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About Us	liambrennan	2020-03-31T09:47:14+01:00
Welcome To Scitech Precision Ltd.
Scitech Precision Ltd. is a spin-out from the Science and Technology Facilities Council which combines expertise in micro-assembly and micro-engineering with extensive insight into the physics behind high power laser science. In addition, Scitech Precision provides a laser micromachining service using Excimer, 355nm and 1064nm lasers.
We manufacture MEMs targets, multi-layer thin foil targets, microdots arrays, cones and shells, foam targets, filters, hohlraums, micro-wire backlighters, pinhole arrays, phase plates and anti-reflection coatings. We have a laser micromachining facility for in-house target production and commercial laser processing.
Who Is Scitech Precision?
To deliver the highest quality targets fulfilling the most complex of experimental demands.
Collaboration on target development using highly skilled engineers and scientists.
High Power Laser Targets
Phase Plates & AR Coatings
Chris SpindloeCSO
Chris has worked in the laser target field since 2003. He has an interest in thin film coating, precision assembly, micro-engineering and the metrology of sub millimetre components. His current research interests are high rep rate target solutions and developing novel targets for studying matter under extreme conditions.
Martin TolleyMicrotarget Consultant
With a background in theoretical physics, biophysics and philosophy of science Martin joined the Target Fabrication group at CLF in 2001. Since then his beard has gone grey, but his strong sense of irony still enables him to enjoy perfectly made microtargets being destroyed by high power lasers in billionths of a second.
Lisa HarmanLaser Project Engineer
Lisa joined Scitech Precision in February 2016. She has worked in the laser and optics industry since 1997 and brings with her a wealth of experience. Prior to joining, she worked for Micronanics, Exitech and the Central Laser Facility in varying roles nominally incorporating sales, finance and laser machining.
Peter SykesLaser Engineer
Peter joined Scitech Precision in February 2016. Previously, he has worked in the lasers and optics industry for over 16 years gaining specialist knowledge in the field of laser micro-machining. Peter has previously worked for Micronanics, M-Solv and Exitech in the laser machining, R&D and production departments.
Graham ArthurMEMS Engineer
Graham joined Scitech Precision in January 2012 and has over 38 years experience in micro-engineering and micro-fabrication. Before joining, he was a scientist in the Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (MNTC) of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. Prior to the MNTC, he was responsible for target delivery in the Central Laser Facility.
Pawala AriyathilakaTarget Delivery Scientist
Pawala is the latest recruit at Scitech joining in the summer of 2016. He completed his MPhys degree in Physics and astronomy at Cardiff university. He previously worked at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory as a placement student gaining an insight in to the workings of the scientific community. His current research is studying sub micron adhesion layers for thin film targets.
Liam BrennanInnovations manager
Liam currently works as part of the Innovations team at STFC. He has been involved with the day-to-day management of Scitech Precision since 2015. His background spans engineering, business start-up, business development, innovation management, project management and technology transfer in both UK and Ireland.
Niamh Fagan Placement Student
Niamh is a placement student at Scitech, joining August 2019 and taking a year out from studying Materials Science and Engineering at Swansea University to gain experience in the scientific community. Her placement work focuses on research and designing nickle nanowire laser targets.
AILU
AILU is run by and for the laser community. Its membership extends over five continents and is made up of laser users in industry and academia as well as by manufacturers and suppliers of lasers and laser-related equipment and services. Our corporate members include many leading players in the UK laser materials community
JEMI is the Joint Equipment and Materials Initiative and is the association of manufacturers and suppliers of equipment, materials and services for the Semiconductor and associated manufacturing industries such as Plastic Electronics and Nanotechnology in the UK and Ireland.
Reshoring UK is a unique collaboration of leading industrial engineering associations to assist manufacturers connect with trusted, accredited suppliers capable of delivering products and services that match their requirements.
Ultra precision
The Ultra Precision group acts as a portal to promote UK on ultra precision technologies to global industry and works closely with the EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Ultra Precision.
Target suppliers network aims to lead the development of laser targetry strategy within Europe, to work together with academic and industrial partners around the world to identify targetry development. TSN aims to be the focal point of targetry within Europe and educate, engage the user community with targetry knowledge.


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Q: Can I Multiply Absolute Value Expressions I know that for any two real numbers $a$ and $b$, that
$$|a||b| = |ab|$$
And so I'd imagine that, assuming $x\in\mathbb{R}$,
$$|x-a||x-b|=|(x-a)(x-b)|$$
since what is inside the absolute values are still real numbers.
Still, I have not been able to find out if this is true with Google.
As an example, is the following statement true?
$$\frac{|x^2-1|}{|x+1|} = \left|\frac{x^2-1}{x+1}\right| = |x-1|$$

A: The statement given to you, i.e. $\left|\frac{x^2-1}{x+1}\right| = |x-1|$ is true, except at the point $x = -1$ where the left hand side is not defined.
The point is, if $x$ is a variable taking values in some domain, then we can reference attributes/properties of $x$ seen in objects belonging to that domain (and that domain only). So $x-a$ and $x-b$ are real numbers even if they are not fixed real numbers, and hence the claim $|(x-a)(x-b)| = |x-a| |x-b|$ applies.
Note : This fact is also true for $x$ varying over  the complex numbers, where the absolute value is the complex absolute value ($|x+iy| =  \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$), an extension of the real absolute value.