text:
Paul Grubach
Paul Grubach is a scholar who has published many revisionist studies and articles.
The Revisionist
Israel, Zionism, and the Racial Double Standard
By Paul Grubach
This document is part of a periodical (The Revisionist).
Use this menu to find more documents that are part of this periodical.
1999/2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
No. 9 No. 10 No. 11 No. 12 No. 13
Austrian political leader Jörg Haider favors a virtual ban on immigration into his nation, and he campaigned against the European Union's eastward expansion out of fear that migrants will flood into Austria, the end result being (so he believes) the disruption of Austrian culture. This is one of the primary reasons he was widely condemned in the mainstream media of the United States and Europe as a racist.
With this in mind, consider the following statement by Jewish Middle East analyst, Mitchell Bard, made in Ohio's most important newspaper, The Plain Dealer . "Most Israelis have argued that Israel cannot remain a Jewish state or a democracy if it incorporates the occupied territories, because Palestinians would alter the nations demographic balance. The result would be a binational state in which Arabs would wield substantial power."[1] In more straightforward terms, most Israeli Jews view Palestinians from the occupied territories as a threat to Israeli society.
For a more recent statement of similar sentiments, we have the claims of Dan Ashbel, Israeli consul-general for the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Describing his views, The Plain Dealer noted: "Ashbel said Israel fought its wars to repel attackers bent on Israel's destruction. Even though many Arab states and the Palestinian authority now recognize the Jewish state's right to exist, he said the idea that millions of Palestinians are entitled to return [to Palestine-Israel] could be a backhanded way to destroy Israel."[2]
The feelings for Palestinians expressed by most Israeli Jews and Israeli consul-general Ashbel are very similar to those Haider has expressed in regard to Eastern European and non-white immigrants. Whereas the former look upon Palestinian Arabs as unassimilable aliens and a threat to Israeli society, the latter views non-Germanic immigrants as a disruptive force within the Austrian nation. Yet, Haider is roundly condemned as a racist while Israeli Jews and Ashbel have their beliefs publicly enunciated with no outcry or editorial condemnation.
Indeed, the American mass media openly encourages Jewish separatism and racialism in Israel. One of the most important and influential newspapers in the United States is The Wall Street Journal . In regard to allowing Palestinian refugees to return to Palestine-Israel, they opined that the "right of return" of Palestinian refugees would result in the "demographic destruction of the Jewish state."[3]
Imagine if a respected Western newspaper opined that, if Jewish refugees from the former Soviet Union are allowed to migrate to a predominantly non-Jewish nation, this would result in the demographic destruction of that society. This newspaper and its editorial staff would be swiftly and incessantly condemned as "evil racists." They could be even charged with a crime in those Western nations that have "hate crimes" laws in effect.
Adel Qa'adan is an Israeli Arab who wanted to move his family into the Jewish town of Katsir, Israel. He was told that Katsir does not accept Arabs into the community, and the Katsir local council informed him that they will not sell homes or land in Katsir to non-Jews.[4] In an attempt to remedy this injustice, Mr. Qa'adan took his case to the Israeli Supreme Court where he obtained a judgment in his favor. The Jewish state's highest court ruled the Arab family could not be barred from living in a community built solely for Jews, overturning a 52-year-old state policy of excluding Arabs from Jewish communities. Nevertheless, the kibbutzim, or communal farms, would remain closed to Arab residents, and the government may introduce legislation that circumvents the Supreme Court ruling.[5]
Although the seemingly anti-racist, anti-segregationist New York Times (NYT) , America's most important newspaper, carried a short article and letter on this affair (possibly solely in order to maintain an image of "journalistic fairness"), they never issued an editorial hailing this victory against racial segregation, nor did they condemn Israel's other racist practices or the fact that the kibbutzim would still exclude Arabs. A little over a month later however, NYT editorialized the Confederate flag should be removed from South Carolina's Statehouse dome because it "symbolizes racism and segregation."[6]
The Jewish Anti-Defamation League (ADL) is widely held to be one of the premier civil rights organizations in the world. On a regular basis they issue public, high profile condemnations of acts and statements of alleged racism and bigotry that occur worldwide. However, when this writer requested (in a letter sent by certified mail) that ADL Director Abraham Foxman condemn anti-Arab discrimination in Israel and publicly support the Qa'adan family in their attempt to move into the Jewish neighborhood of their choice, he waffled. Writing me a short and vague letter that repeats worn out clichés, Foxman never did issue a high-profile statement in support of Adel Qa'adan that condemns Israeli racial discrimination, nor did the ADL ever (to this writer's knowledge) make any public pronouncements cheering the Arab family's victory over Israeli racism--strange behavior for an organization that claims to be in the forefront of the fight against racial discrimination worldwide.[7]
What these examples suggest is there is a racial double standard that haunts American society. On a regular basis the mainstream media and public officials condemn anti-immigrant sentiment, xenophobia, racial discrimination, apartheidism and anti-Semitism—the notable exception being Zionist racism. Not only does the U.S. government, many "civil rights" advocates and the mass media usually remain silent about Zionist racism, they actively support the Israeli state which embodies it.
Zionism is a political philosophy which is firmly grounded in the anti-integrationist racial thought of the past and present.[8] In the words of Zionist political thinker Moses Hess, "Jews are not a religious group, but a separate nation, a special race, and the modern Jew who denies this is not only an apostate, a religious renegade, but a traitor to his people, his tribe, his race."[9]
In a similar vein, the founder of modern Zionism, Theodor Herzl wrote: "I referred previously to our [Jewish] assimilation [with gentiles]. I do not for a moment wish to imply that I desire such an end. Our national character is too glorious in history and, in spite of every degradation, too noble to make its annihilation desirable."[10]
Although it may raise eyebrows, it is no exaggeration to say that political Zionism and German Nazism bear some distinct similarities.[11] Joachim Prinz, a former Vice-President of the World Jewish Congress, in 1934 praised the Nazi revolution (1933) in Germany: "The significance of the German revolution for the German people will ultimately be revealed only to those who have undertaken to achieve it, and have themselves shaped its form. Its significance for us [Jews] will be stated here…We want to posit instead of assimilation [into Gentile communities] something new; undertaking the yoke of joining the Jewish people and the Jewish race. Only a state based on the principle of the purity of the nation and the race can possibly endow dignity and honor on…those Jews who themselves subscribe to this priniciple."[12]
Stephen S. Wise, a former president of the American Jewish Congress and the World Jewish Congress, told a New York rally in June 1938: "I am not an American citizen of the Jewish faith, I am a Jew…Hitler was right in one thing. He calls the Jewish people a race and we are a race."[13]
Although these passages were composed over 60 years ago, the beliefs they contain still are part and parcel of Zionist ideology and practice.
In an attempt to shed light upon the biological history of the Jewish people and how the latter differ from the non-Jewish world, Israeli and American scientists have conducted studies which show that Jewish communities differ significantly from gentile communities in a genetic-biological sense.[14] As we shall soon see, this information is apparently going to be used to define into existence a "Jewish race" and discriminate against non-Jews.
What is even more interesting about these research projects is that they highlight the hypocritical double standard that is so deeply ingrained in certain segments of society. It's socially and morally acceptable for Jews to conduct such research projects. Anthropologist Roselle Tekiner suggested that queries into Jewish genetics may be motivated by a desire to "justify" and bolster Zionist nationalism; the idea of a "Jewish race" with a special set of "Jewish genes" could serve to unite world Jewry.[15] There is no highly visible, widespread public condemnation of these inquiries, which there would be if others were to conduct similar studies. Indeed, Jewish Zionists and their gentile supporters would probably be the most vocal of all protestors if, for example, it were found that German and British scientists were attempting to determine how Nordics differ from Jews and Blacks in genetic-biological sense, and this information would be used to implement racially discriminatory policies.
Enter Dr. Jared Diamond, a prominent Jewish scientist and well-known opponent of alleged "racism." He hailed Genes, Peoples, and Languages , the book by Professor Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, a population geneticist, for allegedly dismantling the idea of race.
In the New York Review of Books , Diamond saluted Cavalli-Sforza for "demolishing scientists' attempts to classify human populations into races in the same way that they classify birds and other species into races."[16] According to this thinking, the classification of humans into races has proved to be a futile exercise; because the popular assumption of clearly defined races has allegedly been discredited, this will lead to the elimination of so-called "racism."
Apparently, Diamond operates with a hypocritical double standard. In an article that appeared in the prestigious Natural History , Diamond discussed the genetic studies on how Jews differ from non-Jews. He made this astounding statement: "There are also practical reasons for interest in Jewish genes. The state of Israel has been going to much expense to support immigration and job retraining of Jews who were persecuted minorities in other countries. That immediately poses the problem of defining who is a Jew."[17]
The implication here is obvious. The Zionist elite is planning to refuse a person the right to settle in Israel if they do not have "Jewish genes." With this in mind, consider point #4 of the Nazi Party Program of May 25, 1920. It reads: "None but members of the nationality may be citizens of the state. None but those of German blood, irrespective of religion, may be members of the nationality."[18] In contemporary terms, only those with "German genes" could be citizens of Nazi Germany. I can't emphasize enough that this is similar to the type of Israeli policy that Diamond describes.
Diamond, a prominent "anti-racist," opposes classifying human populations into races—except of course populations of Jews and non-Jews. He apparently has given his silent assent to the proposed Israeli-Zionist policy of defining and classifying Jews and non-Jews on the basis of whether or not they possess "Jewish genes."
In May 2000, another major study of Jewish genetics was published in the prestigious Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . According to the New York Times , the analysis provided genetic witness that the Jewish communities in Europe and the Middle East "retained their biological identity separate from their host populations, evidence of relatively little intermarriage or conversion into Judaism over the centuries."[19]
What is most interesting is that the results of this study are apparently going to be used to define into existence a "Jewish race." Dr. Lawrence H. Schiffman, chairman of the department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies at New York University, said that the findings would be used to answer the question of "who is a Jew."[20]
We live in a society in which any manifestation or hint of racism brings forth numerous and high profile condemnations—except of course when the racialist ideas and practices serve the interests of organized Jewry and its Zionist ideology.
In the winter-spring 2000 in London, British historian David Irving brought a high-profile libel suit against Jewish activist and historian Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher, Penguin Books. Irving was labeled a "racist" because he was accused of opposing the intermarriage between whites and non-whites. Even D.D. Guttenplan, an anti-Irving journalist who covered the trial, hinted at the racial double standard at work here. He wrote: "…it was hard not to feel queasy listening to Rampton [the defense attorney for Lipstadt] quiz Irving about his attitude to 'intermarriage between the races'—on behalf of a defendant who has written, 'We [Lipstadt and her fellow Jews] know what we fight against: anti-Semitism and assimilation [of Jews and non-Jews], intermarriage [between Jews and non-Jews] and Israel-bashing."[21]
In her famous book, Denying the Holocaust , Lipstadt specifically condemned white gentile Holocaust revisionists who oppose the integration of Europeans with non-whites. She wrote: "These [revisionist] publications constitute vivid examples of the relationship between Holocaust denial, racist nationalism, and antisemitism."
She then goes on to discuss a specific example of "this evil, white racist nationalism," the work of Richard Harwood: "Harwood echoed the familiar extremist charge that the Anglo-Saxon world faced the gravest danger in its history: the presence of 'alien races' in its midst. Linking Holocaust denial and the defense of the 'race,' he argued that unless something was done to halt the immigration and assimilation of non-Caucasians, Anglo-Saxons were certain to experience not only 'biological alteration' but the 'destruction' of their European culture and heritage."[22]
So let's get this straight. According to Lipstadt and a large segment of the Western academic establishment, it is "extremist and evil" for European gentiles to oppose the intermarriage and integration of whites with non-whites, but it is "right, good, and moral" for Jews to oppose the intermarriage and integration of Jews with non-Jews.
Two experts on political extremism, John George and Laird Wilcox, pointed out that one characteristic of an extremist is that she promotes double standards and feels no guilt for so doing.[23] Lipstadt apparently feels no guilt for openly promoting a racial double standard.
German Nazism and political Zionism are akin in another way. Their respective leaders believed they had a "right" to forcibly deport ethnic minorities. The Nazi hierarchy's advocacy of brutal and immoral population transfers is well known and need not be documented here. Yet, has anyone in the mass media or halls of Congress ever publicly condemned David Ben-Gurion, Israel's first prime minister, for claiming: "I am for compulsory transfer [of Arab people from areas under Israeli control]; I don't see anything immoral in it."[24]
The practical implications of the Zionist goal to transform Palestine into a Jewish state were made perfectly clear by one of the architects of Zionist settlement, Joseph Weitz, a former Deputy chairman of the Board of Directors of the Jewish National Fund (JNF), an organization which controls much land in Israel. "Among ourselves it must be clear that there is no place in the country for both peoples together [Jews and Arabs]…there is no other way but to transfer the Arabs from here [Israel] to the neighboring countries, transfer all of them, not one village or tribe should remain, and the transfer must aim at Iraq, Syria and even Transjordan. For this purpose money will be found, much money; and only with this transfer could the country absorb millions of our brothers. There is no other alternative…"[25]
Some years ago Rabbi Avahram Toledano, head of the Jewish-supremacist "Kach" movement founded by the late Meir Kahane, conducted a lecture tour in the U.S. and Canada. Toledano advocates the forcible mass expulsion of Arabs from "greater Israel." He told a Heights Jewish Center (Cleveland, OH) meeting on November 14, 1991, that Arabs would be forced out of Israel. In response to the question, "What would the nations of the world say to Israel's expulsion of Arabs?, " Toledano said: "I don't know and I don't care. We are proud to be Jews and to have a Jewish state."[26]
In spite of his intolerant views, Toledano was given a respectful public forum in prominent Jewish synagogues throughout North America. In Cleveland, for example, his lecture was announced beforehand in the city's main Jewish community paper, Cleveland Jewish News .[27] This is nothing new. While he was still alive, this same paper also routinely announced the lecture appearances of Kahane, who also promoted an anti-Arab program.
Neither the ADL, which is so alert to every expression of real and imagined racism, nor the mainstream Cleveland media publicly protested the appearances of Toledano and Kahane. Nor did these pro-Zionist groups ever make a high profile condemnation of Rabbi Toledano's message of hate, which they would have done if, for example, a right-wing Christian minister who advocates a similar policy of forced deportation of Jews would have been scheduled to speak at mainstream Christian churches.
In Toronto, Toledano told an enthusiastic crowd of more than 300 at the Shaarii Tefilah synagogue: "The Jewish state, the Jewish land, belongs only to the Jewish people. There is no room for a people that doesn't recognize Jewish sovereignty."[28] Imagine the outcry if, for example, a white Christian minister would have told a mainstream Canadian church: "The Canadian state, Canadian land, belongs only to white Canadians. There is no room for a people that doesn't recognize white sovereignty." The very church that sponsored his speech would have been ostracized and castigated to this day.
Furthermore, Toronto is the same city where German-born publisher Ernst Zündel was put on trial for publishing a booklet that questions the Holocaust extermination story. Consider the utter hypocrisy here. It was legal in Canada for a militant Rabbi to openly call for the expulsion of Arabs from Israel, an action that would cause horrible hardship and suffering for millions of people. Yet, it was a crime for a Gentile to present valid evidence showing that the "Holocaust" is not all it's cracked up to be.
One of the reasons that Jörg Haider was so widely condemned is because some of his beliefs bear similarities to Nazi beliefs. But lo and behold, the racial double standard strikes again! This writer can find no mainstream American media source that criticizes Jewish Zionists for adopting a political ideology that bears similarities to Nazi ideology.
The pro-Israeli ADL ardently promotes the following beliefs:
"Modern Israel is an open, democratic, multi-racial society."[29]
"In keeping with Israel's democratic principles, the Arab citizens of Israel are afforded all the rights and privileges of Israeli citizenship."[30]
" Today, Israel's Arab citizens are accorded full civil and political rights, entitled to complete participation in Israeli society."[31]
As we shall soon see, this is false propaganda, designed to mask the profound anti-Arab discrimination that exists in the Zionist state. Israel is not a democracy in the ADL's sense of the term. Where different ethnic groups coexist in the same area or nation, ADL is a strong advocate of an integrated society in which all ethnic groups function as social and political equals. ADL promotes racial integration, racial equality and multiculturalism—everywhere outside Israel of course.
Dr. Oren Yiftachel, an Israeli professor at Ben-Gurion University, pointed out that Israel is not a democracy in the sense in which it is currently understood in the West. Rather, it is an "ethnocracy"—a land controlled and allocated by ethnicity. In his own words: "The Israeli regime is ruled by and and for one ethnic group in a multi-ethnic reality." Factors that make Israel an "ethnocracy" include the facts that 1) immigration to the Jewish state is restricted to Jews only. Some 2.5 million displaced Palestinians who would like to return are not allowed to migrate to Israel; 2) military service is according to ethnicity; 3) economic control is based on race, religion, and ethnicity; 4) The country's land regime entails transfer of land ownership in one direction, from Arab to Jewish control, but never back again.[32]
Dr. Uri Davis is a Jewish scholar and activist who has written extensively on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He has developed the foregoing ideas in great detail. The title of one of his thorough studies says it all; Israel: An Apartheid State .
All factions of the Zionist movement—socialist Zionism, religious Zionism and right-wing Zionism—share a common goal; a commitment to the establishment and continued existence in Palestine of a state for the benefit of the world's Jewish communities. Ultimately, Israel's founders transformed their beliefs in apartheidism into concrete reality. Israel was established as a state that would benefit Jews only, not as a state that would benefit all its citizens, Arab and Jew alike.[33]
The UN Partition Plan For Palestine of 1947 stated that each proposed state, Arab and Jewish, would be required to draft a democratic constitution which would guarantee equal human rights for all, Jew and non-Jew. Because Israel never fulfilled the requirement for a democratic constitution, its government was able to act without constitutional legal restriction; they enacted apartheid legislation that favors Jews and discriminates against Arabs on a grand scale. Indeed, apartheid in Israel—applied under the categories of "Jew" vs. "non-Jew"—is an overarching legal reality that determines the quality of everyday existence for everyone who resides in the Zionist state.[34]
In Israel, racial discrimination begins at birth. The law is set up in such a manner that a Jewish infant is registered as having Israeli citizenship at birth, whereas an Arab newborn is stateless at birth, his citizenship status being indefinite.[35]
In order to comprehend the racist import of Israeli apartheid laws, one must first realize that as a result of the 1948 armed conflict in Palestine, the majority of the Arab population that resided within the areas coming under Israeli rule and occupation either fled during the hostilities, or were forcibly expelled by the Israeli army. Israel has never allowed these people to return to their homeland.[36]
The Law of Return is one of the fundamental laws of Israel. It legalizes an alleged right that is inherent by virtue of being a Jew. Davis notes one of its consequences: "…under Israeli law, any Jew throughout the world has the right of immediate immigration into, settlement in and citizenship of the state of Israel after an alleged forced absence of 2,000 years. On the other hand, the displaced Palestinian Arab refugees of 1948 and their descendants—some two million people—are denied the same right in violation of international law and United Nations resolutions, although their forced absence is less than forty years."[37]
Israeli law divides non-Jewish potential applicants for residency and citizenship into two broad categories: applicants who, in view of the law, exist and are "present," versus applicants who, in view of the law, DO NOT EXIST, that is, are "absentees." As a consequence of this legal artifice, all of the Palestinian Arabs (and their descendants) who fled or were forcibly expelled in 1948 are simply denied Israeli citizenship. So declares Israeli law: since they are "absent and do not exist," there is no need to grant them citizenship. This law does not apply to numerous Palestinian Jewish families who also fled during the hostilities. Their citizenship is guaranteed through the Law of Return.[38]
The Absentee Property Law (1950) was passed before the Law of Return (1950). In essence, this enabled Zionist legislators (1) to define the displaced Palestinian Arab out of legal existence as an "absentee," and (2) to guarantee every Jew throughout the world access to the land and property which this hapless Arab refugee left behind. Once again, the effect of this law does not apply to the Palestinian Jews who fled during the 1948 war, as their property rights are guaranteed through an alleged Biblical title.[39]
The 1947 Partition plan for Palestine of the UN General Assembly stipulated that all the 1948 Palestinian Arab refugees and their descendants are constitutionally entitled without qualification to Israeli citizenship. In violation of this agreement, the net effect of the Law of Return and the Absentee Property Law is to literally denationalize millions of Palestinian Arabs who are entitled to Israeli citizenship. Davis cogently observes: "The Absentee Property Law (1950), having defined the mass of Palestinian Arab refugees from the territories that came under Israeli rule and occupation in 1948-1949 out of existence as "absentees," not only denies them the right of citizenship in the Jewish state as stipulated by the 1947 UN Resolution, but at the same time denies them the right to their vast properties inside Israel. It is important to note that the status of "absentee" is inherited. Children of "absentees" whether born inside or outside the state of Israel, are similarly classified as "absentees."[40]
For the Palestinian Arabs who, after the armed conflict of 1948, remained within the borders of Israel, second-class citizenship is their lot.
The mechanics of land ownership in Israel is a complicated matter that is beyond the scope of this article. What concerns us here are the apartheid consequences of Zionist land policies. Non-Jews, first and foremost Palestinian Arabs, were (until the March 2000 Supreme Court decision) excluded by law from leasing or cultivating land in 92.6% of the territory of Israel.[41] In some localities, Arabs were confined to ghettoes, unable to live in communities built solely for Jews.[42]
Regarding the allotment of agricultural land in Israel, Knesset Member Shulamit Almi summed up the situation: "…any person who is non-Jewish, even if he (or she) is the spouse of a Jew, cannot be a farmer here in this country, even if he (or she) is a citizen."[43] This is the reality that remains hidden behind the ideological façade of "Zionist socialism," and it still holds true, despite the aforementioned Israeli Supreme Court ruling of March 8, 2000.
The Histadrut, in addition to being a federation of Zionist trade union organizations, is the second largest employer in Israel (second to state employment), controlling a good portion of Israel's economy: holding corporations, companies, banks, industrial concerns, agro-industries, etc. The kibbutzim and moshavim, which are mainly agricultural settlements, are also under its auspices.[44]
Prior to 1960, membership in the Histadrut was restricted to Jews only. In 1960 legal provisions were made permitting membership in the Histadrut for Palestinian Arab workers who hold Israeli citizenship. Subsequently, at the Tenth Histadrut Convention in 1966, the name of the Histadrut Federation was changed from "The General Federation of Hebrew Workers in the Land of Israel" to the "The General Federation of Workers in the Land of Israel." Presumably in response to external pressure in the form of "what will the world say?", other companies within the hierarchy of the Histadrut also made changes that made them appear more racially inclusionary and multicultural.[45]
As Davis shows however, these were merely cosmetic changes, designed to make the public falsely believe the Histadrut is a democratic organization where Arabs and Jews function as equals. The Zionists had to maintain effectively the apartheid structure presented abroad as an advanced form of egalitarian democracy.[46]
Davis explains that the principle of legal exclusion of non-Jews is clearly a constitutional unifying norm that pervades the hierarchy of Histadrut institutions, corporations and enterprises. Non-Jewish membership in the moshavim and kibbutzim (which are mainly agricultural settlements), for example, is legally barred by two insurmountable obstacles. First, moshavim and kibbutzim land is legally defined as land that is under the sole ownership of the "Jewish people." Second, moshavim and kibbutzim membership require endorsement of NIR (Cooperative Company for the Settlement of Hebrew Workers Ltd.). All kibbutzim and moshavim agricultural settlements in Israel are incorporated as daughter companies of NIR. NIR is constitutionally restricted to the promotion of the settlement of Hebrew workers only.[47]
Jewish scholar Ian Lustick has pointed out that the Israeli military is, by and large, a segregated institution. Most Muslim Arabs, who constitute the overwhelming majority of Israeli Arab citizens, do not serve in the armed forces—they are not conscripted, nor are they permitted to volunteer for service. This has important social consequences. In Israel, participation in the armed services is a prerequisite to social advancement and mobility. Cut off from the military, they are cut off from access to one of the main avenues of social advancement.[48]
The Labor party of Israel espouses an egalitarian socialist ideology. Yet, never told to Western readers is its apartheid practice of separating Israeli Jews and Arabs into different "sectors." Jews and non-Jews are thus confined on an ethnic basis. As Jewish scholars Israel Shahak and Norton Mezvinsky so rightly noted, such a proposal for operation of political parties in the U.S. would be branded as "anti-Semitic."[49]
All of the Israeli apartheid laws and practices that discriminate against Arabs violate the letter and spirit of the Balfour Declaration and UN Partition Plan of 1947. Both documents made it perfectly clear that no law should be passed or practice be established which would violate the civil, political, economic and religious rights of non-Jewish communities of Palestine.
Furthermore, all of the aforementioned discriminatory practices are part and parcel of official Zionist policy, thus falsifying ADL claims which attempt to downplay Israeli racism and apartheidism. On their Website we read this falsehood: "Israeli Arabs do face discrimination, not as a result of official policy but in practice."[50]
In February 2000, President George W. Bush spoke at Bob Jones University, a South Carolina institution that opposed interracial dating and marriage. Widely criticized by those who consider such a practice as an example of racial intolerance, Mr. Bush eventually expressed regret for not publicly criticizing the college's policy.
Christians and Muslims cannot marry Jews in Israel, and if they are married elsewhere, the marriage is not recognized by the rabbinical court in Israel.[51] Opposition to ethnic intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews is common in pro-Zionist Jewish communities throughout the U.S. In a major study of Judaism, California psychology professor Kevin MacDonald concluded: "The organized Jewish community is the only ethnic or religious community in the United States that continues to attempt to limit outmarriage or discourage conversions and intermarriage [between Jews and non-Jews]."[52] The Conservative movement of Judaism, the largest branch of the faith, is on record as being officially opposed to intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews.[53]
This Jewish-Zionist opposition to intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews is, in many cases, racially motivated. According to the chief rabbi of France (in 1987), Rene Samuel Sirat, "…the racial disappearance of French Jews is the greatest threat to the community…" Rabbi Sirat also claimed that "there are two ways to exterminate the Jews: the radical method, concentration camps and terrorist attacks, or the slow method through mixed marriages…" In keeping with his desire to preserve the racial makeup of French Jews, Rabbi Sirat refuses the religious conversion of non-Jewish spouses.[54]
But here is where our society's hypocritical double standard comes into play. President Bush was widely criticized for speaking at a white Christian college which opposes interracial dating and marriage, but what mainstream media source or politician would dare castigate any public figure for speaking in Israel (where intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews is not recognized) or at a Conservative Jewish synagogue where it is official policy to oppose intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews?
The racial double standard even plagues one of the holiest shrines of contemporary American society, the U.S. Memorial Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C. Director of the Research Institute of the Museum, Michael Berenbaum, affirmed that one of the museum's purposes is to highlight the evolution of absolute Nazi evil, "from the infamous Nuremberg laws to the introduction of segregation, economic confiscation and apartheid…"—Stop here![55]
Previously, we saw that such practices as segregation of Jews and Arabs, economic confiscation of Arab property and apartheid practices are an integral part of Israel's past and present. Nevertheless, the Holocaust Museum hails Israel as a "great triumph." In this vein, Berenbaum writes: "The birth of the state of Israel was the most significant positive consequence of the Holocaust."[56]
We return to the original question of this article. Why the racial double standard in regard to Zionism and Israel?
Prominent Jewish writer I.F. Stone acknowledged the hypocritical double standard which plagues contemporary Jewish values: "For Israel is creating a kind of moral schizophrenia in world Jewry. In the outside world, the welfare of Jewry depends on the maintenance of secular, non-racial, pluralistic societies. In Israel, Jewry finds itself defending a society in which mixed marriages cannot be legalized, in which non-Jews have a lesser status than Jews, and in which the ideal is racist and exclusionist. Jews might fight elsewhere for their very security and existence against principles and practices they find themselves defending in Israel."[57]
In his classic work on the sociology of knowledge, Ideology and Utopia , Karl Mannheim noted that in any society a large part of the prevailing ideologies, world-view, and "moral" judgments reflect the sociopolitical interests of that society's power elites and controlling elements.[58] One of the most powerful and influential of these elements in American society is the Jewish political and cultural establishment.[59]
Definite forms of social consciousness derive from the fact that the Jewish-Zionist elite possesses the power and authority to impose its values—inclusive of the racial double standard in regard to Zionism—upon the American people. Most people never think to question these preformed patterns of thought, and thus, remain locked in a dogmatic slumber.
But why has the Jewish-Zionist power elite been so successful in imposing the racial double standard on American society? Why don't Americans realize and reject this hypocrisy? The reasons are many and complicated, too numerous and complex to discuss in this brief essay. Nevertheless, Israel: An Apartheid State does provide us with one of the reasons.
Israeli civil rights activist Davis has pointed out: "…the Jewish state avoided [directly copying the former South Africa's apartheid structure] and took a different route so as not to lose international support and sympathy and not to flaunt the U.N. Declaration of Human Rights. The ideological predisposition of the Zionist leadership was to pursue rights for Jews only…but it needed to appear democratic while making sure discrimination was not immediately visible on the surface."[60]
Indeed, since Israel's welfare is dependent upon how it is viewed in the West, Davis explains it was never possible for Zionist legislators to pass openly explicit apartheid legislation. It was necessary to present Israel to the world as an advanced form of democracy and social progress. Thus, duplicitous legal structures were devised which effectively mask the racial discrimination and apartheid.[61]
By implication then, U.S. society is generally silent about Israeli racism and apartheidism because the majority of people aren't aware it exists. They have been fooled into believing that racial equality exists in the Jewish state.
This explanation—which holds true when applied to certain segments of society—is only part of the answer to our question. It breaks down when applied to "people in the know," such as political figures and news media executives.
A study of Israeli and South African apartheid published in the 1980s made the observation that "The parallels between South Africa's system of legalized racism and that of Israel are well-known in academic circles but rarely discussed in the mainstream media, peace community or halls of Congress."[62]
Former Congressman George W. Crockett, Jr. noted back in 1985 that the U.S. Congress turns a blind eye to apartheid in Israeli-occupied territories. He observed that "Here in Congress we are fighting against South Africa's repressive measures, and yet closing our eyes to the institutional repression and the brutality that is daily being conducted against the Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied Arab territories."[63]
Indeed, the former editor-in-chief of the Rand Daily Mail (the Johannesburg newspaper that fought against South African apartheid), Raymond Louw, claimed that the situation in the Israeli occupied territories is worse than the way things were under the South African apartheid regime. He was quoted as saying: "It's depressing. This is a city [Avraham Avinu area] under military occupation without any rights for the occupied. There was never a situation like this with apartheid [in South Africa]. The control in the black areas was not so forceful. I don't think you can compare the two situations. Under apartheid, there was a recognition that the blacks would continue to live in these areas. Here the impression is that the objective is to push the Palestinians out."[64]
Clearly, the racial double standard in regard to Israel and Zionism is evident most everywhere in American society, even among non-Jews who would be in a position to know about Israeli racism. Take former President Clinton for example. He warned Americans of "the dangers of racial separation and pleaded with them not to give up on the idea of integration." He has stressed that we must all "reject [racial] separation and isolation," and that racial equality was a driving obsession of his life.[65] Mr. Clinton's driving obsession for racial equality ends where Israel begins, for he has been the most pro-Zionist president in U.S. history, ardently supporting the apartheid Israel at just about every turn. No one can say he doesn't know about racial inequality in Israel.
We live in a society in which racial integration, multiculturalism, and racial equality are looked upon as the "supreme good." One would think that Uri Davis's vision of the future for the occupied Palestine/Israel would be what Western governments and the mass media would want for the resolution of Arab-Israeli conflict. It is desirable, he writes, "that all 1948 Palestinian Arab displaced persons (refugees) return to localities as close as possible to their original places of residence, thereby transforming almost every Jewish settlement, urban or rural, from an exclusively, or next to exclusively, Jewish locality, into a mixed Jewish/Arab/Arab-Jewish locality; and thereby transforming the exclusively Jewish state of Israel into a binational Arab-Jewish/Jewish-Arab state as originally envisaged by the United Nations in 1947 in the vote to adopt the Plan for Partition and Economic Union."[66]
This type of plan is precisely what Western governments, Zionist groups and the mass media work against.
Jewish-Zionist organizations generally promote racial integration and racial equality in all societies outside Israel, where Jews are a minority, but oppose it in Israel, where they are a majority. This strongly suggests they push for racial equality and integration only when there are benefits to be gained for themselves.[67] It is highly likely that world Zionism in collusion with Western governments will (at least for the foreseeable future) be able to prevent Davis's vision from coming into being.
A more likely outcome is the "two-state" solution, a separate Jewish and Palestinian state. But one should not indulge in self-deception, for even this solution is plagued with the racial double standard. As leading Palestinian Christian, Rev. Dr. Raim Ateek, has pointed out, the powers that be would be forcing Jews and Arabs to live in pockets based on ethnic identity, similar to the condemned South African apartheid policy of separating blacks and whites into various homelands. In addition, the "independent" Palestinian state would probably end up under the domination of Israel.[68]
In other areas of the world the former Clinton administration fought against the "separate-ethnic-states" solution because it bespeaks of racial segregation. In regard to the Bosnian conflict, it was reported that "heading off demands of ultra-nationalist politicians for ethnicity-based independent states is a key goal of the U.S.-brokered Dayton peace accords that ended the war."[69]
Yet, ethnicity-based independent states in the Middle East are exactly what Forward , one of the premier Jewish newspapers in the U.S., has demanded. They opined: "Two nations, Israel and Palestine must step apart. The notion that one could claim the entire land and the other might acquiesce is now utterly bankrupt. The two peoples must permit each other to live separate national lives, separated by clearly marked boundaries."[70]
Western governments, the Western media and the world community in general condemned the South African apartheid policy of separating blacks and whites into separate homelands. The world community demanded that blacks and whites live in a racially integrated state with black majority rule. Yet, Western governments and the Western media in general seem to be more than willing to separate Jews and Palestinians into separate, apartheid states.
If the world community accepts the two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, they are granting to Jewish-Zionists the right to racially segregate themselves from others, something that has been denied to other non-Jewish ethnic groups. The racial double standard will be alive and well.
© Copyright 2001, Paul Grubach
The Plain Dealer , 19 January 1989, p. 3-E.
The Plain Dealer , 23 October 1999, p. 6-A.
The Wall Street Journal , 7 February 2001, p. A26.
See Washington Report on Middle East Affairs , July/Aug. 1999, pp. 14, 20.
The New York Times , 9 March 2000, p. 3-A; The Plain Dealer , 9 March 2000, p. 4-A.
The New York Times , 17 April 2000, p. 24-A.
For the exchange of letters between Abraham Foxman and Paul Grubach, see the Washington Report on Middle East Affairs , April 2000, pp.73-74.
Roselle Tekiner, Samir Abed-Rabbo, Norton Mezvinsky, eds., Anti-Zionism: Analytic Reflections (Amana Books, 1988); Uri Davis, Israel: An Apartheid State (Zed Books, LTD, 1987); The International Organization for the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination, Zionism and Racism (North American, 1979); Francis R. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question (University of Texas Press, 1985); Lenni Brenner, Zionism in the Age of the Dictators (Lawrence Hill, 1983); Regina Sharif, Non-Jewish Zionism: Its Roots in Western History (Zed Press, 1983).
Quoted in Dr. Robert John, Behind the Balfour Declaration: The Hidden Origin of Today's Mideast Crisis (Institute for Historical Review, 1988), p. 35.
Arthur Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea (Greenwood Press, 1959), pp. 219-220.
Francis R. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question , pp. 16-21.
Quoted in Uri Davis, Israel: An Apartheid State , pp. 1-2.
New York Herald Tribune , 13 June 1938, p. 12.
Nature , 21 March 1985, p. 208; See the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 9 May 2000, as reported on in Nicholas Wade, "Y Chromosome Bears Witness to Story of the Jewish Diaspora," New York Times , 9 May 2000.
Tekiner, Abed-Rabbo, Mezvinsky, pp. 63-89.
See New York Review of Books , 13 April 2000, p. 61.
Natural History , November 1993, p. 12.
See Robert Vexler's Germany: A Chronology and Fact Book: 1415-1972 , p. 129.
Nicholas Wade, "Y Chromosome Bears Witness to Story of the Jewish Diaspora, " New York Times , 9 May 2000.
D.D. Guttenplan, The Holocaust on Trial (W.W. Norton & Company, 2001), p. 209.
Deborah Lipstadt, Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory (The Free Press, 1993), p. 106.
See Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman, Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why Do They Say It? (University of California Press, 2000), p. 88.
Quoted in Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities (Pantheon Books, 1987), p. 103.
Quoted in Uri Davis, Israel: An Apartheid State , p. 5.
Cleveland Jewish News , 22 November 1991.
Cleveland Jewish News , 8 November 1991, p. 12.
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs , July 1991, p. 58.
"Israeli Society," online: www.adl.org/Israel/Record/society.html
"Minorities in Israel," online: www.adl.org/Israel/Record/minorities.html
The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs , July/August 1999, p. 120.
Uri Davis, Israel: An Apartheid State , p. 9.
Ibid., p. 22.
Ibid., p. 27-30.
Ibid., p. 17; Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities , pp. 81-118.
Uri Davis, Israel: An Apartheid State , p. 34.
Ibid., pp. 34-36.
Ibid., pp. 34, 36.
Ian Lustick, Arabs in the Jewish State; Israel's Control of a National Minority , pp. 93-94.
Israel Shahak and Norton Mezvinsky, Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel (Pluto Press, 1999), pp. 151-152.
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs , June 1993, p. 75; Roselle Tekiner, Samir Abed-Raboo, Norton Mezvinsky, eds., Anti-Zionism; Analytical Reflections , pp. 86-87, note 21.
Kevin MacDonald, Separation and Its Discontents: Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Anti-Semitism (Praeger, 1988), p. 266.
Religious News Service Press Release, 3 December 1991, printed in Christian News , 16 December 1991, p. 15.
Michael Berenbaum, "The Growing Assault on the Truth of Absolute Evil, Los Angeles Times , 28 January 2000.
Michael Berenbaum, The History of the Holocaust as told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: The World Must Know (Little, Brown and Company, 1993), p. 214.
Quoted in Moshe Menuhin, The Decadence of Judaism in our Time (Beruit: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1969), p. 210.
Ideology and Utopia (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1936), p. 10, passim.
The following is a small sample of the many works that document the power and influence of the Jewish political and cultural establishment. J.J. Goldberg, Jewish Power: Inside the American Jewish Establishment (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1996); Andrew Hurley, One Nation under Israel ; Kevin MacDonald, The Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1998); Neal Gabler, An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood (New York: Crown Publishers, 1988); Paul Findley, They Dare to Speak Out: People and Institutions Confront Israel's Lobby (Westport, Conn.: Lawrence Hill & Co., 1985).
Quoted in Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (July/Aug. 1999), p. 14.
Uri Davis, Israel: An Apartheid State , pp. 4, 25, 44, 49, 53, 55, 58, 60.
Louise Cainkar, ed., Separate and Unequal: The Dynamics of South African and Israeli Rule (Chicago: Palestine Human Rights Campaign, 1985), see Preface.
Quoted in Ha'aretz (Israel), 24 May 2001.
The Plain Dealer , 26 September 1997, pp. 1-A, 10-A.
Uri Davis, Israel: An Apartheid State , pp. 78-79.
For a discussion of this phenomenon, see the works of California psychologist Kevin MacDonald, Separation and Its Discontents: An Evolutionary Analysis of Anti-Semitism (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1998).
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (Jan./Feb. 2000), p. 52.
The Plain Dealer , September 1, 1998.
Forward , 6 October 2000, p. 8.
Author(s): Paul Grubach
Title: Israel, Zionism, and the Racial Double Standard
Sources: The Revisionist, # 9, Jan. 2002, Codoh series
First posted on CODOH: Jan. 30, 2003, 6 p.m.
Modern Israel, non-historical
Non-Israeli Zionism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


GS1 has a wide range of products and services for the transport and logistics sector that make all supply-chain processes transparent while optimising them for the long term.
The GS1 Switzerland portfolio equips companies in the transport and logistics sector with everything they need to manage and optimise logistical processes, such as identification keys, standardised data carriers and communications standards. The GS1 identification standards and data carriers let customers uniquely identify shipments, parcels, products, services, locations and companies around the world and across company boundaries.
In addition to the flow of goods, the established GS1 communications standards allow companies to share data electronically. This means they can transmit orders, amended orders, shipment notes and invoices with all the relevant information in no time at all.
The GS1 system tracks flows of shipments in the transport and logistics sector. It creates transparency between companies and allows all processes to be streamlined efficiently. GS1 standards make stock management easier, improve goods distribution and enable seamless digitalisation of all processes.
Logistics is one of the key pillars of the economy in Switzerland, a country rich in wealthy consumers and retail sites as well as numerous transport hubs and European transit routes. The Swiss logistics market is worth more than CHF 39 billion, over six per cent of gross domestic product. The country is expected to see a sharp rise in the volume of freight traffic in the coming years. Long-term optimisation of logistics processes between and within companies for the long term is a key success factor.


How to calculate the perimeter of a square in 2 methods? Calculator Market brings you the solution with its formulas to help you to find the result.
Indeed, the perimeter of the square is equivalent to the total length of its sides placed end to end. Since the property of the square is to have 4 equal sides, it is therefore logical that the perimeter of a square is equal to 4 times its side.
If you want to calculate the perimeter from the area, do not hesitate to use the formula quoted above to obtain the length of the side. If you want to go further, you can check out our calculator to get the area of the square.


This copy shows the entry on 23-Apr-2019 at 20:56:12.
First World War memorial, 1920.
* Historic interest: as an eloquent witness to the tragic impact of world events on the local community, and the sacrifice it made in the First World War; * Architectural interest: an understated yet elegant memorial in the Classical style; * Group value: with Hebburn Hall and the Church of St John, both Grade II-listed.
Colonel Carr-Ellison's grandfather and father had suggested that the densely populated industrial town of Hebburn on the south bank of the River Tyne would benefit from a public open space: Carr-Ellison's gift of a public park was intended both to fulfil their wishes and to mark the safe return of his son from the First World War. The Ellison family had acquired the Manor of Hebburn in 1648. From 1897 local residents had permission to use the pleasure gardens and it was the 25 acres surrounding Hebburn Hall that Carr-Ellison donated to the town in 1920.
The grounds already formed the setting for a Boer War memorial of 1903 (unlisted). To mark the gift of the park, a memorial plaque was erected at the entrance. The ceremony at which Carr-Ellison handed over the title deeds to the Town Council was held on 7 October 1920. In 1922 a tall Celtic cross commemorating some 300 local men who had died in the First World War was unveiled in the western part of the park: this cross is no longer extant.
The memorial stands inside the Canning Street entrance to Carr-Ellison Park, at the first junction of drives leading around the park. It is circa 80m to the north-east of Hebburn Hall and the Church of St John (both Grade II-listed). The memorial comprises a stone plinth, rectangular on plan, raised on a three-stage base. Granite pillars on sandstone bases and with foliated capitals flank the plinth. The whole is topped with a cornice that once supported a statue.
Granite plaques to the front and rear of the plinth record the gift of the park as a war memorial. The principal dedicatory inscription to the front reads THE GREAT WAR/ THIS PARK WAS PRESENTED TO THE/ INHABITANTS OF HEBBURN BY/ COLONEL RALPH HENRY CARR-ELLISON C.M.G./ IN MEMORY OF THOSE HEBBURN MEN WHO/ LAID DOWN THEIR LIVES IN THE SERVICE/ OF THEIR COUNTRY, AND AS A TOKEN OF/ GRATITUDE FOR THE SAFE RETURN OF HIS ONLY SON/ JOHN CAMPBELL CARR-ELLISON, LIEUT./ 1ST ROYAL DRAGOONS.
The inscription on the plaque to the rear reads THIS STONE WAS ERECTED BY THE/ HEBBURN URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL/ ON BEHALF OF THE INHABITANTS/ AS A TOKEN OF THEIR DEEP APPRECIATION/ OF/ COLONEL CARR-ELLISON'S/ MUNIFICENT GIFT./ JOHN BLACK/ CHAIRMAN/ JULY 1920.
This List entry has been amended to add sources for War Memorials Online and the War Memorials Register. These sources were not used in the compilation of this List entry but are added here as a guide for further reading, 30 January 2018.


text:
Q: How to post to express from axios I am making a calculator app and i am sending the data to express to get evaluated but a am getting an error. the handleEqual is a method in react when the equal button is clicked supposed to evaluate and set the state.I don't understand the error. What am i missing. Thanks

createError.js:17 Uncaught (in promise) Error: Network Error
          at createError (createError.js:17)
          at XMLHttpRequest.handleError (xhr.js:87)

reactjs
import React, { Component } from "react";
import "./App.css";
import { Button } from "./components/Button";
import { Input } from "./components/Input";
import { ClearButton } from "./components/ClearButton";
import * as math from "mathjs";
import axios from "axios";

class App extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      input: ""
    };
  }
  addToInput = val => {
    this.setState({
      input: this.state.input + val
    });
  };
  handleEqual = () => {
    // input: math.eval(this.state.input)
    let num = {
      input: this.state.input
    };

    axios.post("http://localhost:5000/path", num).then(res => {
      if (res.status === 200) {
        console.log(res.data);
        this.setState({
          input: res.data
        });
        console.log("Response:", res.data);
      }
    });
  };

  render() {
    return (

          <Input input={this.state.input} />{" "}

            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> 7 </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> 8 </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> 9 </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> /</Button>

{" "}

            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> 4 </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> 5 </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> 6 </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> - </Button>{" "}

{" "}

            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> 1 </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> 2 </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> 3 </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> + </Button>{" "}

{" "}

            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> 0 </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={this.addToInput}> . </Button>{" "}
            <Button handleClick={() => this.handleEqual()}> = </Button>{" "}

{" "}

            <ClearButton
              handleClear={() =>
                this.setState({
                  input: ""
                })
              }
            >
              CE{" "}
            </ClearButton>{" "}

{" "}

{" "}

    );
  }
}

export default App;

express
app.post("/path", (req, res) => {
  const val = req.body.input;
  console.log(val);

  const calc = mathjs.eval(val);

  res.writeHead(200, {
    "Content-type": "application/json"
  });
  res.end(JSON.stringify(calc));
});

A: According to the official docs, res.end() is used to quickly end the response without any data. In case you want to return a value to the client, use res.send().

A: if you want to get stringified calc object you should use res.data.calc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Long and thick eyelashes have actually always been an icon of charm and will constantly remain to be one. With the different means of getting eyelash expansions, currently every female can follow their desire for getting those lush shimmering eyes anytime they desire.
Lash extensions are primarily a way to make your existing eyelashes extra extensive as well as much longer than previously. Eyelash extensions are either semi-permanent or long-term.
With semi-permanent eyelash expansions, there are again two ways of obtaining them done. To begin, you will certainly get home expansion sets of different brand names and also selections. All what you need to do is attach these eyelashes onto your all-natural eyelashes with the aid of an adhesive. These home packages need you to be extra accurate in application. If the application is right as well as cool, after that you will certainly get the preferred result. The top quality of the eyelash likewise matters in providing you the appearance that you desire as well as the comfort degree in handling them over your eyes.
A very great choice in semi long-term eyelashes is going to a professional specialist. Under this treatment, you will obtain a peaceful atmosphere like that of a health club where eyelash expansions are placed on your normally existing eyelashes.
The irreversible extension primarily entails a single medical session where the eyelids are implanted with new hair follicles. These hair follicles will certainly become eyelashes that will certainly be better thickness as well as size. As they expand, the professional will trim them as well as change their degrees of crinkle to instill right into your all-natural eyelashes and also offer you a fuller as well as much deeper appearance as previously. This is the most pricey of all the alternatives and is long lasting.
With Eyelash Extensions expansion, you would not need to go for any type of mascara, eyelash enlarging and crinkling creams or any type of curling irons. All the ladies out there go in advance with those ravishing eyes with eyelash extensions.
Eyelash extensions are Massage either semi-permanent or long-term. With semi-permanent eyelash extensions, there are once more two means of obtaining them done. All what you have to do is attach these eyelashes onto your natural eyelashes with the assistance of a sticky. Under this treatment, you will certainly receive a relaxing atmosphere like that of Laser Hair Removal a medspa where eyelash extensions are placed on your naturally existing eyelashes.


Hello, guys, if you are looking for the best warship games for your pc then you are at the correct place because in this article we are going to compile a list of top warship game for pc. There is a different type of games available on the internet but we know that some the users are very curious about to play warships games.
Warships games are brilliant to play and there is also a high number of warship games and this been always an issue to choose the best warship game for pc but we are here to resolve your this issue. Because below in this article we are going to list top warship game for PC.
It is at the top in our list in best warship game for pc. Steel Ocean is a World War 2 maritime activity game setting upwards of 16 ocean skippers' versus 16 other versus commanders'. It is the warship game with the top class battle. You can look over six generally precise classes of warships including light cruisers, substantial cruisers, destroyers, ships, a plane carrying warships and the almighty stealthy submarine. You have to earn XP in a fight so you can open and buy more than 100 unique ships from all countries that battled in the Atlantic and Pacific battlefields.
Atlantic Fleet is outfitted the same amount of towards World War 2 history buffs all things considered to in-your-face methodology gamers as a result of the recorded genuineness of each ship and also the strategic battle. There are different warship games but this is one of the genuine game you will go to play.
In this turn-based diversion, you give development requests to every one of the boats in your armada toward the start of each turn at that point your weapons and blast away at the adversary with each progressive turn until the point that just a single of you is left standing. In this game, you are going to take your warships into the fight zone and also you can use aircraft.
The level of graphics is very high as compare to any other game, it has 3D graphics.
You will go to experience thrilling sea battles with warships fight which is related to World War II.
You will get the chance to customize your warships and also you can add different weapons there and play battle. Start play and win the battle.
Here you are going to play some kind of hidden missions which is truly based on WWII naval battles.
The biggest part is that you don't need any internet to play this game.
WindwardThis is a quite different game than other, here in this game you will have to complete the task with choosing four type of modes such as exploration, combat, diplomacy, and trading. While playing this game you have to command your team from port to port into a huge oceanic map and in this game you have to purchase and sell to make money or to attack other ships or ports.
This is a quite different game than other, here in this game you will have to complete the task with choosing four type of modes such as exploration, combat, diplomacy, and trading. While playing this game you have to command your team from port to port into a huge oceanic map and in this game you have to purchase and sell goods to make money or attack other ships or ports.


59' Bereszynski B. Sala J.
84' Defrel G. Linetty K.
Andersen J. De Roon M.
Audero E. (G) Djimsiti B.
Quagliarella F. (C) Mancini G.
Belec V. (G) Barrow M.
Copyright © 2013 - 2019 Server Time 21/04/2019 - 05:15:53 7M Score Thai, All rights reserved.


Very often, I hear people say: "I don't have the time to sit down and pray. I don't have the time to meditate for 20 minutes a day. I don't have the time to write about my results and outcomes. I don't have to the time to look after my well being." And on and on and on it goes!
You don't have to find a special time to meditate. You can meditate right now. You can pray right now if you choose. On my forums, I just wrote as my daily power thought: "It doesn't just take prayer and meditation, every action and interaction can be a part of your spiritual development if you choose it to be." And this is so true. Over the last few weeks my every interaction with every new soul that I've met has been a powerful spritual encounter. Just yeterday I met this young woman who is a musician. We ended up having a incredibly deep spiritual conversation. Later we also realised that we had met on the internet a few years earlier but we lost touch. How uncanny was that!
I'm only attracting those people to me who seem to understand that level of spirituality and personal development. My every conversation with people ends up being about: God, the universe, positivity. I think people find it really fascinating that I speak so highly about life and constantly feel so good. Many people talk in a pessimestic way about everything and so I think people are finding somewhat a bit of a breath of fresh air to talk to someone about life in a good way.
Life is beautiful, the present is an amazing gift, use this great gift and power wisely.


text:
BRING BACK CHEAP, CHARMING WOODEN BRIDGES, ESPECIALLY THE COVERED ONES
STEVE WELLER, Staff ColumnistSUN-SENTINEL
The month was April. The year was 1978. An innocent time. A time when I trusted anybody who ever went through college with a slide rule and a T-square dangling from his belt.
Marina and I were leaving St. Petersburg by way of the Sunshine Skyway Bridge. She was not comfortable with the bridge's dimensions. It was too high and it spanned too much water.
"Relax," I said. "Bridges are designed to withstand all kinds of abuse. They're built of the finest steel and concrete. They don't fall down. Engineers know what they're doing. I roomed with one at Gainesville in 1950.
"All of his classes were at 7 a.m. While I was spending hundred of hours in the gym playing bad half-court basketball and hundreds more taking really good naps, he, like all engineering students, was studying."
People with that kind of dedication, I assured her, do not make mistakes.
Little more than two years later a ship ran into a Skyway support, a segment of the bridge fell down and 35 people died in Tampa Bay. So much for the infallibility of engineers, steel and concrete.
Memories of that crossing and of many different spans came to mind the other day while I was reading a story about the comeback of timber bridges. In the next year, some 80 such structures will be built with federal funds in 30 states.
John Crist, director of the U.S. Forest Service Timber Bridge Program, insists wood is more durable than metal and cement as well as cheaper and easier to maintain.
I don't know about that, but there can't be any argument that timber bridges have more character than any other kind. At least half of Georgia's charm disappeared when interstates and bypasses and progress eliminated those long, rickety-looking, wood-planked jobs they built over every swampy spot in the state.
Oldtimers may feel the same way about the timber segments of spans that once led to Key West. Then again, the remnants still jutting out of the water in a few areas might take some of the romance out of wood.
Everybody loves the covered bridges of old New England, even if nobody's ever actually seen one. The closest I came was at Kissing Bridge, a ski resort outside Buffalo. And that was only a picture in a promotional brochure. I don't think they ever covered the bridge.
The best-looking piece of timber construction I ever saw was blown to bits by William Holden and Alec Guinness in the movie Bridge on the River Kwai. The project wouldn't have been nearly as interesting if U.S. Steel had been involved.
Not that there are no conventional concrete and metal spans in my memory book. How many unwitting visitors have ever flown into New York and not had a cab driver ask, "You want to take the Triborough Bridge or fight the traffic?"
For anyone of sound mind there could be only one choice. After maybe 20 trips over the Triborough, I climbed into a taxi driven by a man who obviously had flunked meter mathematics. He avoided the bridge, took me through uncluttered streets and got me into midtown Manhattan quicker and for less money than anyone ever had before.
Then there's the Andrews Avenue bridge in downtown Fort Lauderdale. An engineering marvel. A sophisticated single-leaf span guaranteed to go up and come down slower and break down more often than any of the primitive designs used for years in other parts of the city. And it took only twice as long to build as it should have.
The old Flagler Street bridge in Miami, long since replaced, will always have a warm spot on my shirt ... ah, in my heart. It was there that a pelican nailed me, teaching me new respect for the capacity of the species' digestive system.
Maybe that's why I have such an attachment to wooden bridges. The covered ones.


text:
The Guild blasts past projections
Jeremy Duffy, left, and Devin Kelly say they are pumped about The Guild's growth in 2019, and expect even bigger things in 2020. The Pawtucket brewery on Main Street brews beers on behalf of partner breweries but also makes its own beers on its destination campus. (Breeze photo by Ethan Shorey)
By ETHAN SHOREY Valley Breeze Managing Editor
PAWTUCKET – Last year was a banner one even for a brewery that was already putting out more beer than all other Rhode Island breweries combined, as The Guild on Main Street in Pawtucket produced 63,000 barrels for its partner breweries.
Perhaps even more impressive than the 45 percent growth in brewing operations, the brewing cooperative co-owned by Jeremy Duffy and Devin Kelly achieved 96 percent growth in its retail operations.
Last year saw 85,000 visitors, easily beating the owners' projection of 80,000 people made last September and building on the 52,000 visitors who came in 2018 and 40,000 who came through the doors in 2017. That high volume of visitors was driven in part by 202 events, many in the new Barn event space, Beer Garden, and Beer Hall.
And while most of the breweries represented at The Guild are officially based in other New England locales, there's no doubt that these out-of-state breweries are helping to drive local, regional and even national tourism to the Ocean State.
The Guild owners are expecting to soon launch a new small-batch beer hall at a soon-to-be-announced spot in Rhode Island. By comparison, that brewery will have up to a seven-barrel system while the Pawtucket brewery has a 100-barrel system.
"Pawtucket's always going to be the mother ship," said Duffy.
The Guild is still kind of a startup business, says Duffy, so it won't see 2019 growth levels again, but he said "we're really happy" with how the retail component of the business went last year. The exciting aspect here is what a "community-based place" it's becoming, said Duffy, whether people are coming for a date night or just to hang out with friends, often with their children and pets in tow.
The Guild, now that things have "really started popping," said Duffy, has 48 full-time and part-time staffers.
"We want a place where you can come in and feel comfortable," he said.
That "no-stress" environment includes games, including cornhole, and an extended menu now including flatbread pizza regularly and popup restaurants on Saturdays. Live music is on the menu for Fridays and Saturdays.
The sense of community is seen in all sorts of events, from galas for United Way or Crossroads, to birthday parties and weddings. Last year there were 15 total weddings held here, while 19 had already been booked for 2020 after the first week of the year.
"The Barn has turned into something really nice," said Duffy.
The key in the brewing industry is to understand who you are, said Kelly and Duffy, and what all breweries in this area understand is what they are is a community.
Partner brewery Narragansett Beer is now spreading its Rhode Island wings a bit and planning an experimental brewery in Providence. The Guild could never be "the Narragansett spot" because of its brewing partners, and 'Gansett needs a spot to showcase its brand more, said Duffy. The company still has a year left on its lease here and could end up keeping some operations in Pawtucket.
The Guild's craft beer consortium, founded to help build capacity for smaller breweries looking to grow, now produces beer for Night Shift Brewing, Sons of Liberty, Willie's Superbrew, Narragansett, Wash Ashore and Devil's Purse, among others.
The Guild, with its own new house brews being added all the time, "is becoming a brand" in itself, said the owners.
"I think what you're seeing is breweries almost becoming the hometown bar and community spot," said Duffy.
Many people feel there's greater freedom in going to a brewery, where they can bring their family and their dog and try something new.
"It's much more a community location than anything else," he said. "It almost feels a little bit like Europe. It's almost like the European model where the pub was the community gathering place."
On a recent week in January, The Guild hosted events on four straight nights, including a holiday party, a planning association meeting, a Blackstone Valley Prep teacher appreciation event, and a 30th birthday party.
Resolutions for 2020 include continuing to improve the 130,000-square-foot campus on Main Street, including creating more beer garden seating, deciding the future of an 18,000-square-foot vacant space, and increasing capacity for a brew house that now holds 15 tanks. Other projects are also in the works, say Duffy and Kelly, but details will have to wait.
Bellows Funeral Chapel
Alan's Tree Service
Mark's Transportation LLC
Innovative Home Improvements
Aaron's Antiques


On Sunday, Thomas Cook announced that it will be bringing around 500,000 tourists to Egypt this year from various countries.
Moudy Shaer, Blue Sky Travel's chairman, announced that the company has experienced a 50% raise in tourists in the first half of 2018, where Marsa Alam and Hurghada exhibited the largest hike in bookings.
There has also been an increase in the number of tourists coming from Germany to Sharm El-Sheikh, further demonstrating the ameliorating state of tourism.
Three months ago, it was reported that Egypt's tourism was expected to soar in 2018, according to Egypt Independent, as the number of tourists from Great Britain was to increase.
Tourism is a very important source for hard currency and employment for many Egyptians living in Sinai and other touristic destinations.
In 2015, a bomb has exploded on a Russian flight taking off from Sharm El Sheikh airport killing all 224 passengers on board, resulting in an immediate halt of all flights from Russia to Egypt. However, in March, Aeroflot, Russia's biggest airline announced that tri-weekly flights will be resumed from Russia to Cairo, taking a first step towards total normalization of the relations between the two countries after the terrorist attack.
However, the popular airline released its annual holiday report in April where it was revealed that bookings for holidays have increased to 89% compared to 2017. The number of Thomas Cook tourists for this year is currently approaching its 2015 figures.
The airline company also launched a weekly flight from Bristol to Hurghada with the first flight in May.


Even if you're not an outdoorsy person or the survivalist, this 40 second video can end up saving your life (or make a camping trip much more comfortable). It's a way of starting a fire using two common items you probably carry with you all the time – an AA battery and a chewing gum wrapper.
I've seen enough Bear Grylls to know that starting a fire is a priority when you're lost in the wild, but rather than getting blisters on your hands by rubbing two sticks together, this method takes only a couple of seconds and it works every time. Feel free to try this when you go camping with your friends too. It will blow their minds.
Never Be Late For Work Again, This Super Fast Trick Will Remove Ice from Your Windshield INSTANTLY!


This is annual "contest", but the fascinating part are the stories about these famous or well loved trees.
Hard to believe it has been that long ago [see also camai-start-here] when a new killer emerged among NM and the Pueblos. No one knew at first what it was and how to avoid the mystery illness which seemed to target young Native people. We couldn't wait for the "outside experts" but needed to rely on the Pueblos' own experts to begin to combat the disease and rumors. It was frightening.
BTW, before an official name sin nombre was assigned, the CDC did receive suggestions and concerns from the Pueblos about the suggested names which inadvertently used Pueblo sacred site names or other names which were used by folks other than CDC researchers. Sin nombre was a good choice.
In 1993, an outbreak of severe respiratory illness in the Four Corners region of the United States (defined by the shared borders between the states of New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Utah) made national headlines. The subsequent discovery of a new disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) (1), its etiologic agent, Sin Nombre virus (SNV) (2), and its rodent reservoir, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) (3), were among the most prominent findings in a flood of new revelations about hantaviruses in the Americas.
I can't figure out how to post at both nlogs, so i must direct you to the site. Sorry.
Dr Perea's paper has a listing of Alaska Native Ph.D.s which complements the existing list previously mentioned American Indian and Alaska Native Ph.D.s in the US– How many? Who are they?
Jessica Bissett Perea 2013 "A Tribalography of Alaska Native Presence in Academia." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 37 (3) pp. 3-27. Invited essay for special issue "Reducing Barriers to Native American Student Success in Higher Education: Challenges and Best Practices," ed. Robert Keith Collins.
Note to FullTextReports followers — Grab It When You See It!
0.93 x e4 ppcc vs. 2.95 x e4 +/- 1.50 x e4 ppcc; p <= 0.001), the incidence of in-commute offensive odour detection (42 vs. 56%; p = 0.019), and the incidence of dust and soot observation (33 vs. 47%; p = 0.038) and nasopharyngeal irritation (31 vs. 41%; p = 0.007). There were no significant differences between LOW and HIGH in the commute distance and duration (12.8 +/- 7.1 vs. 12.0 +/- 6.9 km and 44 +/- 17 vs. 42 +/- 17 min, respectively), or indices of acute airway inflammation. Conclusions: Exposure to PNC (and the incidence of offensive odour and nasopharyngeal irritation) can be significantly lowered when utilising a route of reduced proximity to motorised traffic whilst bicycle commuting (without significantly affecting commute distance or duration), which may bring important benefits for both healthy and susceptible individuals.
Connotea, nature.com's social bookmarking site, is closing on March 12th, 2013. We would like to thank you for your patience with and support for the site.
This was a very useful resource. I'm not sure there is an alternative. Google Reader no longer allows anyone to share their recommended readings (the Reader here was grandmothered in).
I'll have to figure a way to export the materials collected.
American Indian and Alaska Native Ph.D.s in the US– How many? Who are they?
Jeannie Greene http://www.jeaniegreene.net/jeanie-greene.html, documentary producer (Heartbeat Alaska) raised an interesting topic— that there were only 45 Natives who hold Ph.D.s in the US.
That seems awfully low. Can you help add more names? Below are folks I have found, using AISES and SACNAS. Amazingly, I'm lucky enough to know many of the names and people, some personally.
The concert hall at the Syndey Opera House holds 2,700 people. This blog was viewed about 39,000 times in 2011. If it were a concert at Sydney Opera House, it would take about 14 sold-out performances for that many people to see it.
Where is the Unorganized Borough jail?
This is one of those generic spam sites– cookie cutter spam, I guess. No content just a copy and paste to get someone to stop in.
Just as people must share seal meat and oil to maintain physical and social well-being, so, too, must they share knowledge --> that their minds will not rot.
To read (and print) only one individual post, click on its title. This shows the comments, also. The comments contain additional or updated information. Search for "revised" to find updated info, too.
Unfortunately, Internet Explorer users may find the site doesn't look as nice as Firefox or Opera users, but the info is all here.
If people are interested in further developing topics (such as solid waste, environmental health, erosion and climate, cultural ecology and heritage, or alcohol control) just let me know.
Dr. April Lea Go Forth on American Indian and Alaska Native Ph.D.s in the US– How many? Who are they?
Samantha Chisholm Hatfield on American Indian and Alaska Native Ph.D.s in the US– How many? Who are they?
Dr. Frizzell on American Indian and Alaska Native Ph.D.s in the US– How many? Who are they?
mpb on American Indian and Alaska Native Ph.D.s in the US– How many? Who are they?
American Indian and Alaska Native Ph.D.s in the US-- How many? Who are they?
WASH in health care facilities: Global baseline report 2019. World Health Organization; UNICEF.
* The Coming Influenza Pandemic?


text:
Pavlich is an anglicized version of the Croatian surname Pavlić. Notable people with the surname include:

 Katie Pavlich (born 1988), American journalist
 Matthew Pavlich (born 1981), Australian footballer
 Michael Pavlich, Australian broadcaster

Croatian surnames

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Pen is Mightier than the Word: Indisputable Success at Reducing Forgeries Paves the Way for Career in Forensic Handwriting Investigations
Bart Baggett	October 21, 2009 0
When it comes to forgery, the words written aren't as important as they way they are written. The falsification of documents like wills, checks and contracts can be caught when the science behind forensic handwriting investigation is put on the case. Dianne Peterson, owner of HandwritingExpertTennessee explains why the accuracy and reliability of this forensic science has led to explosive growth in this segment of the criminal justice system.
Los Angeles, CA (Vocus/PRWEB ) October 21, 2009 –- Six years ago, the majority of forgery cases never stood a chance because there were not enough trained handwriting experts available to prove the authenticity of a signature and testify in court. In 2003, The International School of Forensic Document Examination became the first non-governmental institution to train Forensic Handwriting Analysts. Today, the criminal and civil court system heavily relies on the testimony of these court qualified forensic expert witnesses. Forensic Handwriting Investigators are in high demand due to the invention of the scanner, color photocopier, and desktop publishing software. The crime of check forgery alone cost businesses over $19 billion dollar a year.
Bart Baggett- Forensic Handwriting Expert
A serious shortage of court qualified document examiners has allowed thousands of trials nationwide to go uncontested, making it easy for criminals to forge documents to support their dubious claims.
Success Secrets of the Rich and Happy
In many states, the attorney general just dismisses forged check charges in bulk and other document related crimes because the state's crime labs are backlogged up to 12 months to get an official forensic opinion. Without an in-court testimony from a court qualified forensic document examiner, the chances of getting a conviction are minimal.
Most people who seek my opinion as an expert witness are honest people searching for truth
Betrayed and bewildered, these people are innocently trying to figure out if a suicide note is authentic, if a last will of a passed away parent is real, or the identity of the person leaving nasty notes on their husband's car window.
"A serious shortage of court qualified document examiners has allowed thousands of trials nationwide to go uncontested, making it easy for criminals to forge documents to support their dubious claims." says Bart Baggett, director of Handwriting Services International and author of the best-selling "Success Secrets of the Rich and Happy" (Empresse Publishing, $17.95). "In many states, the attorney general just dismisses forged check charges in bulk and other document related crimes because the state's crime labs are backlogged up to 12 months to get an official forensic opinion. Without an in-court testimony from a court qualified forensic document examiner, the chances of getting a conviction are minimal."
"Most people who seek my opinion as an expert witness are honest people searching for truth," explains Dianne Peterson, owner of HandwritingExpertTennessee, and recent graduate of the The International School of Forensic Document Examination Forensics Program. "Betrayed and bewildered, these people are innocently trying to figure out if a suicide note is authentic, if a last will of a passed away parent is real, or the identity of the person leaving nasty notes on their husband's car window."
Like DNA, handwriting is unique piece of evidence which is a reliable indicator of identity, according to Peterson. The scientific indisputabilty of forensic handwriting analysis has led to the surprising growth of the field of Forensic Handwriting Investigation. When handwriting investigators are able to apply a proven scienctific process to a case, a decision is quickly made and the truth is inarguably revealed.
For Dianne, whose first career is as a dental hygienist, this means she spends less time with her hands in the mouths of her dental patients and more time in her handwriting laboratory.
The International School of Forensic Document Examination was founded in 2003 by Bart Baggett, when it was discovered that training for this unique Crime Scene Investigator-type career was only available: 1) in a government crime lab at very low wages, 2) at a private lab where apprentice examiners worked for free, or 3) for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), where employment is nearly impossible to obtain. The only non-governmental institution of its kind, the school has helped dozens of work-at-home entrepreneurs find rewarding careers in forensic document examination. The International School of Forensic Document Examination's graduates join the forensics community by testifying in both civil and criminal cases nationwide. The school has now expanded their distance learning program to include students worldwide, including Australia, USA, New Zealand, India, Canada, Taiwan, and Slovakia.
The school was founded by Bart Baggett, who is also one of world's most recognizable handwriting experts. Bart has appeared on such TV shows as CNN's Larry King Live, The Today Show, Fox TV's America's Most Wanted, and has even hosted TV shows such as PBS's "California Connected" where he interviewed California legislatures. Baggett began testifying in court during the 1990's and remains a frequent qualified handwriting expert witness in courtrooms nationwide for high profile cases.
For more information on The International School of Forensic Document Examination, including details and qualifications of the two-year distance-learning and mentoring program, please log onto http://internationalschool.us">http://internationalschool.us or call toll free in North America 1.877.297.4846 or at 310.926.1822. Consumers and attorneys can choose from a number of recommended highly trained forgery experts from http://handwritingservicesinternational.com">http://handwritingservicesinternational.com.
Do you need to hire one of America's Top Handwriting Expert
Bart Baggett Fraud Case Settled in Client's Favor: Forgery Thwarted.
Video: 3 Ways To Spot a Bad Temper (Advanced Trait Stacking)
Donald Trump: Madman or Genius?
Forensic Witnesses accepted in Texas court
Handwriting of the Month: Who is Rigg K.?
Document Examiners Needed
Expert Witness Not Allowed to Testify in Sex Crime Case


Huxley Home worked closely with the client to renovate this apartment in Notting Hill, West London. The design ethos: simplicity at its best. Using beautiful materials the interior is stylish yet practical, offering a peaceful rest bite away from the owner's busy city life.


Most scholars agree that a Jewish community has occupied Kaifeng in the Henan province of China since the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127), though some date their influx to the Tang Dynasty (618–907) or earlier. On a branch of the Silk Road it is likely that Jewish merchants descended on Kaifeng territory. During the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), a Ming emperor conferred eight surnames upon the Jews, by which they are identifiable today: Ai, Shi, Gao, Gan, Jin, Li, Zhang, and Zhao. By the beginning of the 20th century one of these clans, the Zhang, had largely converted to Islam. It is difficult to estimate the number of Jews in China. 25,000 Jews left Germany for Shanghai during the 1930's. The last census revealed about 400 official Jews in Kaifeng, now estimated at some 100 families totalling approximately 500 people. Up to 1,000 residents have ties to Jewish ancestry. Jews have intermarried with local Chinese sufficiently to be indistinguishable in appearance from their non-Jewish neighbours. The founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1921 and its formidable rise is testament to their concealment and manipulation.


text:
XKeyscore, Government Surveillance Program: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know
By	Matthew Guariglia
Updated Jul 9, 2018 at 11:38am
Sitting at a desk somewhere in the world, an NSA analyst types your Facebook username into a window. Seconds later, he is looking at you Facebook chat your friends in real time. That is what was uncovered today in new documents leaked by Edward Snowden and published by Glenn Greenwald and the Guardian. This leak reveals the most far-reaching government surveillance program yet: XKeyscore.
According to Greenwald, the program is designed to give NSA intelligence analysts the ability to survey almost any Internet activity and communications between foreign "targets" and American citizens without a warrant. However, the program would allow analysts easy access to any American's private Internet information by simply plugging in an email address or IP address.
Snowden told the Guardian:
I, sitting at my desk…[could] wiretap anyone, from you or your accountant, to a federal judge or even the president, if I had a personal email.
'I Could Wiretap Anyone' —New Snowden Docs Reveal Scariest Surveillance Program Yet
Here is what we know so far about this secret and intrusive program:
1. It Allows Analysts to Search Your Emails
According to the leak, The XKeyscore program allows an analyst to sift through and keyword search any "targets" email account.
The analyst would only need to know a persons email address to gain access. Once inside, the analyst can search within the, "bodies of emails, webpages and documents," and even, "To, From, CC, BCC lines." In a similar fashion the wide-ranging surveillance program could peep on virtually all kinds of internet communication.
Unlike PRISM, the NSA program revealed by Snowden earlier this year, XKeyscore does not rely on compliance and cooperation from cooperate internet service providers. PRISM depends on the secretive Foreign Intelligence Surveillance ACT (FISA) court to legally compel cooperation from companies like Google and Facebook to turn over information about their users. XKeyscore utilizes massive data collections to make your information available to the NSA and requires very limited justification for use (See Fact 4).
NSA and FBI Have Been Montoring Your Internet Usage: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know
2. They Can Read Your Facebook Chats
Another thing XKeyscore is reportedly able to do is give NSA or contractor analysts the ability to look at Facebook chats and private messages.
Greenwald points to an NSA tool called the "DNI Presenter" which allows the government to read unopened emails, but when used in tandem wit XKeyscore, lets the surveyor peep through all Facebook chats and private messages. Again, the leak asserts that all an NSA analyst would need to access this information would be the "target's" Facebook username.
Tell Your Friends They're Being Watched!
3. It Collects Massive Amounts of Data
The leaks reveal that the NSA is capable of retaining an unbelievable amount of information. Greenwald writes that one NSA report from 2007 estimated that around 150 billion internet records were currently stored, and that each day 1 to 2 billion more were added.
XKeyscore stores this information and acts like a search engine, allowing the NSA to sift through the content.
Could this be the staggering amount of information prompting the government to build the nearly $2 billion data storage center in Utah?
NSA's Utah Data Center: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know
4. Only Limited Justification is Needed
Both the leaked slides and Snowden's testimony attest to the fact that the bare minimum of justification is needed to utilize XKeyscore.
One slide demonstrates an interface screen for the program which contains a field to enter the target's email address and below it, a small field where analysts need only enter a broad "justification" for the search.
Snowden told the Guardian in June that occasionally supervisors would review the searches being made by the analysts using XKeyscore and occasionally tell them to, "bulk up the justification." This means that NSA employees are conducting invasive searches of internet data without proper probable cause.
Today before Senate Judiciary Committee, American Civil Liberties Union Deputy Legal Director Jameel Jaffer said that:
These documents also call into question the truth of some of the representations that intelligence officials have made to the public and Congress over the last two months. Intelligence officials have said repeatedly that NSA analysts do not have the ability to sift indiscriminately through Americans' sensitive information, but this new report suggests they do.
5. The Government Has Called This Leak a Lie
According to the Guardian story about the program, the chairman of the House intelligence committee Republican Representative Mike Rogers (R-MI) has denied that that government is capable of these feats saying of Snowden, "He's lying. It's impossible for him to do what he was saying he could do."
The release of the XKeyscore documents today took the wind out of the Obama administration's sails after they released formerly classified documents detailing the NSA collection of cell phone metadata. The revelation that the FISA court was compelling major cellular phone providers like Verizon to hand over metadata to the U.S. Government kicked off the summer of leaks almost two months ago.
The documents released by the Obama administration today try to soften the blow by claiming that metadata could only be accessed when a member of the executive branch finds, "facts giving rise to a reasonable, articulable suspicion."
These documents went relatively unnoticed in light of the XKeyscore revelations.
Constitution Under Fire: A List of Endangered Amendments
Published Jul 31, 2013 at 12:43pm
5 Fast Facts, Breaking News, Conspiracy, Edward Snowden, Facebook, Glenn Greenwald, Government, NSA, Politics, PRISM, XKeyscore
Newly leaked documents from Edward Snowden have revealed the program XKeyscore which allows the NSA to read emails, Facebook chats, and more.


text:
Henry Kingsley Archdall (2 March 1886 – 27 February 1976) was an Australian academic and clergyman. After teaching at Cambridge University, in Australia and in New Zealand, he became Principal of St David's College, Lampeter and Chancellor of St David's Cathedral, then headmaster of King's College, Auckland.

Life and church
Archdall was born in Balmain, Sydney, New South Wales, the son of an Anglican clergyman. After studying at Sydney Grammar School and Sydney University, where he obtained a first-class degree in philosophy and classics, he studied at Trinity College, Cambridge for a degree in Christian Ethics.

He then became a Fellow and Lecturer at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge in 1911, becoming Dean in 1914. Having been ordained as an Anglican priest, he returned to Australia as rector of Christchurch, Newcastle and Dean of the diocese. After serving as headmaster and chaplain of The Armidale School, New South Wales from 1919 to 1926, he was then headmaster and chaplain of King's College, Auckland from 1926 to 1935. Archdall then returned to Britain as chaplain and director of religious studies at Wellington College, Berkshire before succeeding Maurice Jones as Principal of St David's College (as Lampeter University was then called). He strengthened the work of the college as a centre for training clergy, emphasising in particular the need for a good general university education. In his capacity as Principal of St David's, he became a Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford in 1941. He became Chancellor of St David's Cathedral in 1940, and was appointed as an emeritus Canon in 1956. He was a visiting fellow at Yale University (1954–55), visiting professor at Berkeley Divinity School (1954–57) and Episcopal Chaplain at Heidelberg (1957–59).

He married Laura Madden and they had three sons (two of whom were killed during the Second World War) and one daughter.

References

1886 births
1976 deaths
Australian academics
People educated at Sydney Grammar School
University of Sydney alumni
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Fellows of Jesus College, Oxford
People associated with the University of Wales, Lampeter
20th-century Australian Anglican priests
Australian schoolteachers
Principals of St David's College


Whether ships, regiments and squadrons which took part in the Gulf campaign will be able to include the campaign in their battle honours.
Her Majesty the Queen has graciously approved the award of battle honours to ships, regiments and squadrons of the three services which took part in the campaign to liberate Kuwait. The award of the battle honour "KUWAIT 1991" is to be made to those of Her Majesty's ships, Royal Naval air squadrons and Royal Fleet Auxiliaries which were either actively engaged in operations against Iraqi forces or engaged in logistic support duties in the central and northern Gulf to the west of the meridian 51E at any time between 17th January and 28th February 1991. The ships and naval air squadrons which qualify are set out below.
The theatre honour "GULF 1991" and battle honours "WADI AL BATIN" and "WESTERN IRAQ" have been approved for the Army. Those Army regiments and the Army Air Corps which took part in the campaign will be entitled to claim these honours in accordance with normal practice in the Army.
The battle honour "GULF 1991" has been approved for the Royal Air Force. Squadrons which took part in the campaign will be selected by the Air Force Board to receive this honour.
After claims by regiments and the Army Air Corps have been considered by the Army Board and Royal Air Force squadrons have been selected by the Air Force Board, recommendations will be submitted to Her Majesty the Queen for approval. I am therefore not able at this stage to list the regiments and squadrons that will be honoured but these will be reported to the House in due course.
HM Ships, Naval Air Squadrons and Royal Fleet Auxiliaries to receive the battle honour "Kuwait 1991"