text:
Physicist concludes there are no laws of physics.
It was June 4th, 2018, when Robbert Dijkgraaf, director of the world-renown Princeton Institute for Advanded Study, announced his breakthrough insight. After decades of investigating string theory, Dijkgraaf has concluded that there are no laws of physics.
Guess that's it, then, folks. Don't forget to turn off the light when you close the lab door for the last time.
Dijkgraaf knows what he is talking about. "Once you have understood the language of which [the cosmos] is written, it is extremely elegant, beautiful, powerful and natural," he explained already in 2015, "The universe wants to be understood and that's why we are all driven by this urge to find an all-encompassing theory."
This urge has driven Dijkgraaf and many of his colleagues to pursue string theory, which they originally hoped would give rise to the unique theory of everything. That didn't quite pan out though, and not surprisingly so: The idea of a unique theory is a non-starter. Whether a theory is unique or not depends on what you require of it. The more requirements, the better specified the theory. And whether a theory is the unique one that fulfils these or those requirements tells you nothing about whether it actually correctly describes nature.
But in the last two decades it has become popular in the foundations of physics to no longer require a theory to describe our universe. Without that requirement, then, theories contain an infinite number of universes that are collectively referred to as "the multiverse." Theorists like this idea because having fewer requirements makes their theory simpler, and thus more beautiful. The resulting theory then uniquely explains nothing.
Of course if you have a theory with a multiverse and want to describe our universe, you have to add back the requirements you discarded earlier. That's why no one who actually works with data ever starts with a multiverse – it's utterly useless; Occam's razor safely shaves it off. The multiverse doesn't gain you anything, except possibly the ability to make headlines and speak of "paradigm changes."
In string theory in particular, to describe our universe we'd need to specify just what happens with the additional dimensions of space that the theory needs. String theorists don't like to make this specification because they don't know how to make it. So instead they say that since string theory offers so many options for how to make a universe, one of them will probably fit the bill. And maybe one day they will find a meta-law that selects our universe.
Maybe they will. But until then the rest of us will work under the assumption that there are laws of physics. So far, it's worked quite well, thank you very much.
If you want to know more about what bizarre ideas theoretical physicists have lately come up with, read my book "Lost in Math."
Posted by Sabine Hossenfelder at 2:43 AM Labels: Philosophy, Physics
Clara, once known as Nemo 3:01 AM, June 08, 2018
this means that Dijkgraf thinks that
- energy is not conserved
- electric charge is not conserved
- the speed of light is not a limit
- gravity can be repulsive
Dijkgraf should get 4 Nobel Prizes for these 4 statements. I am sure that others can provide more statements and more Nobel Prizes for him. He deserves them. Can we organize a collective movement to get this outstanding physicist the prizes he deserves - maybe via twitter? The Nobel comittee could start this october with the first!
His claim resembles pseudoscience rather than pure theory .
marten 3:55 AM, June 08, 2018
I am an optimist and I have the feeling that Robbert Dijkgraaf is indicating that he is prepared to be sacrified as Landscapegoat.
senanindya 4:06 AM, June 08, 2018
Why stop with string theory ?
Let's go one step further and join Maz Tegmark.
Every bit of math describes some universe or another so don't worry, we are sure to find ours if we keep doing math long enough.
What, you don't believe me ?
Prove me wrong, I dare you. 😂
akidbelle 4:19 AM, June 08, 2018
I think I understand what you mean; I also think it can be worded with more elegance, beauty, and naturalness:
There is no laws of physics, and this is a natural consequence of quantum theory.
Proof: Obviously, string theory is is a huge superposition state and in order to know which version is correct you have to observe "The" (or "A") universe. So, eventually, as long as you do not observe "The" (or "A") universe there is no laws of physics.
QED.
I do not understand why it would be worth a Nobel prize (though there is only one Nobel measurement per year and in the meantime I also have it :)
MikeS 4:34 AM, June 08, 2018
So is this the "only game in town" playing its final hand?
It's not a very good one is it?
Rob van Son (Not a physicist, just an amateur) 4:46 AM, June 08, 2018
I think you are too harsh. It is not that Robert Dijkgraaf does not believe in empirical science.
Robert Dijkgraaf regularly appears on television trying to teach the audience useful physics. In these shows he stays pretty close to the "canon" of physics. Nothing out of the normal. In this respect, he does not abolish the "Laws of Nature".
Here is one such appearance about black holes (mind you, this is prime time TV on a national channel):
https://dewerelddraaitdoor.bnnvara.nl/nieuws/dwdd-university-presenteert-zwarte-gaten-door-robbert-dijkgraaf
There is an old philosophical discussion about what it means to have a "Law of Nature". My impression is that Robert Dijkgraaf let himself get carried away into a philosophical discussion going from string theory into pure mathematics. Somewhere along that route he lost the concept of a "Law of Nature".
I am convinced that when he is back at work, he will use the same laws as everyone else.
Rob van Son,
I'm sure he is a great guy and so on, but if he publicly goes and proclaims nonsense I'll public go and proclaim it's nonsense.
Mark Martens 7:16 AM, June 08, 2018
Like a child whose favorite toy has just been taken away, you expression is perfect.
Honza K. 7:57 AM, June 08, 2018
Maybe the professor wanted to say something like "There no laws in the nature, that fits into our models". Must be really hard to realize that 20 years of research have no ending in "theory of everything". Moreover if great "minds", best scientists are involved. As one guy in ESO videos used to say "nature surprises us beyond our imaginations". And that's the best part of it.
nwrickert 10:17 AM, June 08, 2018
For several years, I have been saying that there are no laws of nature. However, there could be no doubt that there are laws of physics.
Perhaps I should add my reason. From attempting to understand human cognition, it becomes clear that there is no method by which we could discover laws of nature. The best we could hope to do is make up our own laws such as would enable us to better understand the world that we experience.
Sag. A* 10:21 AM, June 08, 2018
"...it is extremely elegant, beautiful, powerful and natural," yeah my dope too ;-D I'm only a layperson and taxpayer and I wonder why do we pay all these eggheads :-/
Udi Fuchs 10:38 AM, June 08, 2018
Did any of you read the article? The title says that "There Are No Laws of Physics." I guess that is suppose to trigger your curiosity and make you read the article.
If you read the article, you will see that all that he is saying is that there are no fundamental laws of nature that can determine the 20 or so free parameters in the standard model of particle physics.
Initially there was hope that String Theory would fix these parameters. This doesn't seem to be the case. Instead there appear to be a landscape of models allowed by string theory. Quantum Field Theory also allows for a landscape of models. One of these models is the standard model that describes our world. Having to fit these parameters to experiment does not mean that the theory is not predictive.
I didn't find anything controversial in Dijkgraaf's article.
Y'all should be more careful before you make fun of someone. Otherwise, the joke is on you.
Matthew 10:49 AM, June 08, 2018
This a very good point! Often the editors choose the title for its shock value and the author's actual claims are reasonable in their proper context.
I do not know this physicist and have not read the article, but thanks for pointing this out.
Udi,
Yes, I read it, thanks for asking, see my comments about string theory being unique and such. Nothing controversial about the multiverse, no, nothing controversial whatsoever.
Georg 10:55 AM, June 08, 2018
"The universe wants to be understood and that's why we are all driven by this urge to find an all-encompassing theory."
we have to decide whether this field should named wanting-field or
urgity. The quanta of that field would then be named wantons
or urgons.
The word "multiverse" doesn't appear in Dijkgraaf's article.
Physicists spent about 5 decades studying the landscape of Quantum Field Theories before converging into the standard model.
I don't know if String Theory describes nature. But if one wants to research this topic, then studying this landscape seems a reasonable thing to do.
There might be other people that made controversial statement about this subject. But beyond the title, I don't see here nothing controversial whatsoever.
Uncle Al 11:58 AM, June 08, 2018
Robbert Dijkgraaf's fears are well-founded.
1) Organic molecules passing through a grating diffract (DOI 10.1002/prop.201600025)
2) Any attempt to localize the process collapses it.
3) Hund's paradox, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.023202
4) A resolved chiral molecular beam must racemize when diffracted, or not diffract.
5) Nanogram sample enantiomeric excess is quantifiable to large differential sensitivity,
brightspec.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ProductFlier-Chirality-Nov2014-Press.pdf
6) Some of quantum mechanics' beauty is demonstrably WRONG.
The only defense is not looking - the stock and trade of contemporary theory.
The string theory landscape is a type of multiverse. Yeah, right, QFT also has a landscape and hence a multiverse and look what we did there. We just picked the one that fits the data and no paradigms had to be changed or shifted.
John Mark Morris 12:27 PM, June 08, 2018
My limited understanding of this maelstrom is that there is general confusion between the concepts of reality, laws, and models of nature. It is ok to have multiple models, even models that overlap in part or whole and agree with testable reality. These models may lead to more understanding and models with increasing coverage of the natural world. However a model that is so flexible that it could describe many different realities is NOT getting us closer to the goal of understanding THE one and true physical reality of the cosmos. If the models are increasing in coverage and leading to laws of nature that correspond to a theory of THE reality then that is progress and it is perfectly OK to have many non contradictory models to cover different portions of reality. Does this make any sense?
sean s. 3:11 PM, June 08, 2018
I'm just going to lurk in the back ground here and watch the conversation. ... But on second thought; I have a question: what exactly would a "law of physics" be? (Assuming one exists.) I always thought the "laws of nature/physics/chemistry/etc. were simply descriptions of what we observe or what we expect to observe.
Is that not correct?
Unknown 4:40 PM, June 08, 2018
I think you may be a bit confused: when the string theorist talk about the landscape they're not talking about the space of possible string theories, they are talking about an assertion that every possible string theory literally exists. This would be like saying that not only does the standard model of QFT exist, but the QFT's associated to every possible combination of constants/gauge groups/matter fields also exists in a very strong and literal sense: as in we could find points in the "universe" where these other theories govern the laws of physics, not the standard model.
I suspect that you think the string theorist are making a completely reasonable philosophical shift, really just making a move about what they consider in their ontology. But you have to understand they are literally saying that all possible versions of physics tangibly exist. That is what they are referencing when they talk about "the landscape"
Ken Mitchell 4:49 PM, June 08, 2018
Many "laws of physics" are observations of how the universe behaves rather than fundamental principles. I suspect that some of our "laws of physics" may eventually be proven to be true only for local conditions. For example, can we be absolutely certain that properties in deep space, far away from any star's gravity, will behave in exactly the same way?
Keep an open mind, and be prepared for a few surprises.
Ian Miller 6:10 PM, June 08, 2018
There are two possible explanations for the claim. The first is the claimant cannot see any laws of physics, so he denies them. The second, and more reasonable, is that he is criticising the word "law". The problem arises in that a number of "laws" are found to have exceptions, e.g. Einstein showed that Newton's laws have to be amended. Apart from that possibility, the statement is rather silly, and I am not going to turn off the light.
Mitchell 12:34 AM, June 09, 2018
Udi Fuchs said
"all that he is saying is that there are no fundamental laws of nature that can determine the 20 or so free parameters in the standard model of particle physics"
Then why does he talk about duality so much? No, he's saying that the landscape itself is more fundamental than physical laws, "because" the laws are always part of a specific string theoretic framework and each such framework only covers part of the landscape.
You could instead look for a new kind of description that is uniformly valid across the entire landscape. See his final paragraph: "Perhaps there is a radical new framework..." But it seems like less than one reader in ten understood his message.
Q 1:23 AM, June 09, 2018
Ideologies that have no basis in reality find ways to dismiss reality itself. When Marxists were thoroughly defeated on the battlefield of ideas they found a way to dismiss logic altogether by inventing polylogism. Seems like this is the direction string theory is headed.
tytung 3:05 AM, June 09, 2018
A multiverse supporter should not believe that our universe have beautiful laws, as the number of universes with ugly laws most probably far outnumber universes with beautiful, simple laws. Right?
nemo 5:28 AM, June 09, 2018
Lost in string...
Udi Fuchs 12:24 PM, June 09, 2018
Sabine wrote:
"We just picked the one that fits the data and no paradigms had to be changed or shifted."
The paradigm shift that Dijkgraaf is talking about is that you don't need to pick one model, because all models are connected. Today we assume that quarks fundamentally come in 3 colors. We could decide to use 7 colors instead, and if we understood the landscape well enough we would be able to explain all existing experiments with this new model. (Mitchell, This is the duality that he is talking about.)
The downside of using 7 colors would be that the calculations would be way more complicated. The upside is that it could give us new insight that might help us explain other experiments or device new experiments that we didn't consider before.
I am not confused at all. I am fully aware that the landscape and the multiverse got a lot of bad press. Some string theories make public statements that surely deserve this bad press. This paper by Dijkgraaf is not one of them. Read it and judge it on its own merit, you might learn something.
jim_h 2:15 PM, June 09, 2018
"Everybody loves a winner." "Nothing succeeds like success." So far, string theory hasn't won, and everyone is piling on, ridiculing the whole concept, hey it's a party. But if the LHC finds something next year, a lot of people are going to wake up with a sort of intellectual hangover. Just my uneducated layman's view.
Great, then let's wait until a string theorist calculates the proton mass by building it up from seven quarks.
I think the criticism that the string landscape can't predict the exact outcome of our quantum field world is similar to saying biological evolution is wrong because it does not predict the occurrence of every species. Evolution tells us there are related characteristics between species, clades of genomes as we now know, but it does not predict the evolution of a squid or a nematode as something determined. The landscape is similar, and far more vast in its set of possible configurations. Quantum gravity in general, not just superstring theory, will have to be tested by observations of gravitational waves and to look for possible quantum effects there. Without something along those lines all of quantum gravity, not just string theory, is untestable and represent the end of science.
Sydney Ernest Grimm 12:00 PM, June 10, 2018
I read the article of Robert Dijkgraaf and my interpretation is:
The "landscape" is the underlying field-continuum that creates phenomenological reality. This in contrast to phenomenological physics that is keeping on to relate phenomena like particles and forces to each other (standard model). If I wipe out all Robert's statements about string-theory and related concepts the resulting text is state of the art quantum physics. His statement about the laws of nature (and I suppose he included the constants too) is not ridicule. In mathematical physics "physic laws and constants" are thought to emerge from the mathematical model we use. In other words, the article of Robert Dijkgraaf describes a (supposed) promising future of mathematical physics because of recent insights.
Udi Fuchs 2:24 PM, June 10, 2018
I certainly agree with you that if string theorists calculate the proton mass it would be great. This would require a better understanding of string theory, which this article is exactly about.
My problem is with your unwarranted attack on this article. You claim that you don't like group-think, but this is how it feels to me -- it is popular to bash string theory so lets bash this article about string theory, who cares what it actually says.
tytung 11:43 PM, June 10, 2018
Evolution is not a good analogy for string landscape, as there are fundamental differences.
1) Evolution can indeed be used to predict which species will survive (even what kind of biological properties will occur) under a given circumstances, via its central principle "survival of the fittest". But string landscape does not do that at all.
2) For biological evolution, you can manipulate the organisms and their genes to see what will happen. You can't do that with universes in a string landscape.
The former endeavour is active while the latter is entirely passive.
3) String theory giving rise to landscape is entirely ad hoc and you can have any predictions, which means it is not falsifiable. Evolutionary theory is not, it is actually falsifiable (despite what you might have read about its falsifiability).
4) Evolution explains the amazing species diversity within one simple framework. String landscape has to make up a diversity of universes to explain one universe.
Of course I too am subject to social reinforcement, but I don't know how this is relevant here as I am not making an argument ad populum. I am also not "bashing string theory", as you claim. I am saying that the expectation that you can derive a theory that is unique without drawing on sufficient amounts of observational constraints is nonsense. If you use an insufficient amount of constraints, you get an ambiguous theory. There's nothing new about this, and it's not specific to string theory. New is only that now that's supposedly a deep insight. That's my issue with the article. It's logical nonsense.
Dualities are not specific to string theory. As to your comparison with evolution, well, show me evidence for the evolution tree of our universe then.
sevashko2014@gmail.com 5:12 AM, June 11, 2018
S.E. Grimm. We see the need for a new mathematical physics. Albert Einstein saw a solid foundation in a thermodynamic arrow, but he did not use this foundation, he did not have the mathematics for this.
We need to create new mathematics based on the demands of physicists. We can localize mathematics for localize material reality as a stable part of the information field.
@ Tytung,
In the end using one scientific theory as an analogy for another is going to have problems. No two theories have the same structure. I was thinking along the lines of Stephen J, Gould when he said that one could not predict on the basis of what ever early conditions existed on Earth that in so many billions of years there would be the panoply of life we observe. Evolution is not an entirely predictive theory in that sense. I was also thinking of evolution in a classical sense prior to the techniques of genetic manipulation. I might have compared the situation with planetary dynamics, in that we know the configuration of a planetary system is based heavily on initial conditions that are not themselves predicted by Newton's second law with his elementary force of gravitation. This was a problem that Kepler had; he thought the configurations of the planets was grounded in some hard principle, where orbits were configured according to the circumscription of Platonic solids.
The basic idea of the landscape comes from the number of possible topologies for Calabi-Yau manifolds and the number of configurations that D-branes may be wrapped. The estimate of the number of such topologies is 10^{500} to 10^{1000}. We can work out the details of compactifications such as the torus compactification, but this results in a low energy physical vacuum far larger than what exists in this observable world. We are then left with a bit of a serious conundrum on how to work through this immense number of possible topologies.
It is possible (here I am making a "what if" sort of statement that might cause trouble) there is some extremal principle that selects the minimal vacuum configurations for such a landscape. Maybe larger energy physical vacuum configurations for CY/brane wrappings are not stable, so these are then by some means selected out in some form of superselection rule on the grand path integral or partition function over the landscape. Maybe this will reduce the number of physically realizable cosmologies in the landscape or multiverse, the two bearing some relationship, to a much smaller number or maybe for that matter just one. Maybe then all these other cosmologies are sort of off shell configurations. As yet such a principle does not exist.
We will not likely ever have Planck scale physics in the laboratory. This is one problem with quantum gravity, whether it is string theory based or LQG or dynamic triangulation or other hypotheses. I suspect the only way to test quantum gravity is to look for signatures of graviton physics in gravitational waves. In this way we let nature do the heavy lifting. In the near horizon configuration of colliding black holes the vacuum between two horizons or holographic screens just prior and during coalescence may emit gravitons in response to the change in "quantum hair" or if you prefer Mathur's "fuzz ball physics" on these horizons.
A lot of people have tried to post comments to this thread with information about their self-made theories of everything. I therefore want to recommend that all newcomers read the comment rules.
I have comment moderation turned on which means that a submitted comment will not appear until I manually approve it, and I will not approve off-topic comments or self-advertisements. I also strongly discourage you post links to sites other than major news outlets or journal pages. The reason is not that I generally block other links, but that I will only approve them after I have inspected the sites they link to, which I might just never come around to do.
Isaac Rabinovitch 3:59 PM, June 11, 2018
When you talk about the Multiverse being useless as a starting point, you make me think of the Mandela Effect, which basically posits that nobody can ever be proven wrong about anything. Cuz somewhere in the Multiverse what they think happened did happen!
mls 7:29 PM, June 11, 2018
So, how does one become lost in math? In Chapter 51 of "The Principles of Mathematics" Bertrand Russell explains 'being' and 'existence'. He writes, "Existence, on the contrary, is the prerogative of some only among beings". Russell had actually been a critic of the received view of formalism -- the view leading to an uncountable number of possibilities for natural numbers and a general rejection of the mathematics used by physcists as "not logical". That would refer to the "second-order" nature of infinitesimals. Of course, mathematical physics is also inclined to accept Leibniz' identity of indiscernibles in the sense by which one of the axioms for a metric space is comparable. This ,too, is "not logical".
It should surprise no one that people who "believe" in mathematics are finding themselves in this situation. Replacing an anthropomorphized delusion with a sterile, inanimate delusion does not change the delusional nature of the claims.
In Russell's defense, his position had been motivated by consideration of forms called "negative existentials". The formalists, however, pusued the ideal of a logical calculus, with respect to which words have no meaning and the primitive elements of language cannot be defined. The physcist who envies the "freedom" of the mathematician has little understanding of the nonsenical views promoted in the mathematics community because of logicians and philosophers. Metaphysical beliefs about geometry in the nineteenth century created a false "crisi" leading to arithmetizatio of mathematics and logicism
Seriously? Shall we accept a logic having existential import forcing us to believe in the natural numbers as being substantial outside of space and time? In case you are unaware, those who pursue logics of fictions are not given any respect in the mathematical logic community.
Those who promote this "received view" would hold that I am misrepresenting the situation. I am not. If one is using words like "truth" and "existence" as technical jargon without clearly presenting this fact at the outset,the result can only be a mass confusion. And, it has been going on for generations.
I look forward to reading your book when I can afford a copy. Bit, do not think that this has not been going on in mathematics for a very long time.
senanindya 9:10 PM, June 11, 2018
What confuses me about string theorists is that, instead of blathering about multiverses and paradigm shifts, why don't they just say "String theory is a framework which allows many possible theories (depending on details of dimension compactification and what not). We are trying to find one such theory which describes the universe we observe ?"
It seems like this accurately describes a lot of situations in physics from QFT to Lagrangian formulations - you pick a particular theory or Lagrangian, work out the equations and see if they fit the data. Nobody tries to argue that every possible Lagrangian describes some universe somewhere.
Is it the case that string theorists oversold their mission of finding "one unique theory to describe everything" and are doubling down despite the evidence of non-uniqueness.
Sabrine said:
"I am saying that the expectation that you can derive a theory that is unique without drawing on sufficient amounts of observational constraints is nonsense."
I tries to find what are referring to in Dijkgraaf's article and I assume that it this:
"All numbers in nature should be determined by physics itself. They are no "constants of nature," only variables that are fixed by equations (perhaps intractably complicated ones)."
If I understand it correctly, he seems to have a view point closer to the 80's when people thought that string theory would yield a unique solution. This is exactly the opposite extreme of the multiverse.
I do not agree with him, but I cannot prove him wrong.
I do not know how you can determine that it is nonsense. We already know that in Quantum Field Theories, there are very stringent constraints for a theory to be fundamentally consistent. I do expect that these constraints would be stronger in String Theory.
Udi Fuchs 1:14 AM, June 12, 2018
senanindya said...
"What confuses me about string theorists is that, instead of blathering about multiverses..."
Most string theorists don't care about the multiverse at all. A quick search for "multiverse" in the arxiv shows a few papers a month. Most of of them are not in hep-th and therefore most probably not written by string theorists.
The latest paper in hep-th mentioning the word "multiverse" in the title or abstract is from July 2017 and it is co-authored by Stephen W. Hawking, who is (was) not a string theories.
There is a paper from June 2017 by some prominent string theories including Brian Greene, which is again a physicist more known for his popular books than for his scientific work (coinsidence? I don't think so.) I don't think that I can describe my opinion of this paper in a polite way, so I will use the words of the owner of this blog and just call it nonsense.
sean s. 8:08 AM, June 12, 2018
Udi;
"I do not agree with him, but I cannot prove him wrong. I do not know how you can determine that it is nonsense."
You don't have to prove him wrong; you don't have to show it's nonsense. What ever Dijkgraaf claims Dijkgraaf must prove correct.
He really can't.
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text:
In insurance fraud cases involving actual or alleged destruction of evidence by the insured, an issue often arises regarding whether an adverse inference instruction is appropriate, and, if so, what form it should take. The Second Circuit recently approved a "light" form of adverse inference instruction that allowed the jury to make an adverse inference about the allegedly destroyed evidence, depending on what facts it found, without requiring the insurer to satisfy a heightened standard of proof in order to obtain such an instruction. The Second Circuit also held that the insurer was required to assert a counterclaim in order to recover payments made prior to discovery of the alleged fraud.
In Mali v. Fed. Ins. Co., 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 11874 (2d Cir. June 13, 2013), plaintiffs appealed following a jury verdict in favor of their insurer, Federal Insurance Company, in connection with Federal's denial of plaintiffs' claim for a barn that was destroyed by a fire. The jury found that plaintiffs had forfeited coverage by submitting fraudulent claims relating to the value of the barn and its contents. Specifically, the plaintiffs had submitted a sketch of the layout of the barn which included fourteen rooms, including a second floor with four rooms and a bathroom, as well copper gutters, pine hardwood floors, and four refrigerators. After Federal questioned the validity of the sketches and declined to make any further payments, plaintiffs filed suit.
During the course of discovery, Federal demanded that plaintiffs produce photographs of the interior of the barn, and in particular, the second floor. Plaintiffs responded that they had no photographs of the second floor. However, at trial the plaintiffs called their antiques appraiser to testify regarding the value of certain items, and in the course of her testimony she stated that she was shown photographs depicting both the items and the interior of the barn, including a photograph of the second floor. Plaintiffs disputed this statement, and testified that they had provided the appraiser with photographs of the items, but not of the barn or the second floor.
After the parties rested, Federal moved for an adverse inference jury instruction as a "sanction" for the Plaintiff's discovery misconduct. The district court declined to instruct the jury that the evidence "tended to show" that the plaintiffs withheld evidence, but did provide a "light" form of adverse inference instruction, as follows:
In this case, evidence has been received which the Defendant contends shows that a photograph exists or existed of the upstairs of what had been referred to as the barn house, but no such photograph has been produced. If you find that the Defendant has proven by a preponderance of the evidence, one, that this photograph exists or existed, two, that the photograph was in the exclusive possession of the Plaintiffs, and, three, that the non-production of the photograph has not been satisfactorily explained, then you may infer, though you are not required to do so, that if the photograph had been produced in court, it would have been unfavorable to the Plaintiffs. You may give any such inference, whatever force or effect as you think is appropriate under all the facts and circumstances.
On appeal, plaintiffs claimed that it was error for the district court to give the instruction because "the court imposed a sanction without first making the findings necessary to justify the sanction." The Second Circuit disagreed, ruling that the instruction given by the court was not a sanction, but rather an explanation of inferences the jury was free to draw depending on its findings.
The Second Circuit differentiated the type of instruction given from those adverse inference instructions that are expressly based on a party's destruction or withholding of evidence. Were the court to have instructed that evidence was in fact destroyed or withheld, and that the jury could draw an adverse inference from its absence, the Court agreed that the district court would have needed to make a finding that the plaintiff's in fact showed their appraiser a picture of the second floor, and then failed to produce it in discovery. See Residential Funding Corp. v. DeGeorge Financial Corp, 306 F.3d 99, 107 (2d Cir. 2002). Here, though, the Second Circuit found that it was "fundamentally different" to simply explain to the jury "as an example of the reasoning process known in law as circumstantial evidence" that a jury's finding of certain facts may (but need not) support a further finding that other facts are true. The Second Circuit ruled that such an instruction is not "punishment" or a "sanction," since the court did not direct the jury to accept any fact as true, and therefore it did not require any factual findings.
Federal also argued that it was entitled to (1) attorney fees and (2) restitution of the payments made to the plaintiffs following the jury's specific finding that plaintiffs had submitted fraudulent claims. While keeping the door open to the recovery of both categories of expenses, the Second Circuit declined to award them in this case.
As to the claim for attorney fees, the Second Circuit noted that the "American rule" dictates that, absent a statute providing otherwise, the parties to litigation pay their own attorney fees regardless of the outcome. The court did recognize that there was a "narrow exception" to this rule for cases that have been prosecuted in bad faith, but that in order to make such an award, the district court must find by "clear evidence" that (1) the offending party's claims were "entirely without color," and (2) the offending party's claims were made in "bad faith." Here, the Second Circuit ruled that the district court had made no such findings and therefore Federal was not entitled to attorney fees.
The court similarly rejected Federal's post-trial motion for equitable relief to recover payments it had made to the plaintiffs prior to declining the claim for fraud. The Second Circuit ruled that such recovery was available as a remedy, but ruled that such the claim must have been brought by way of counterclaim. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 13(a).
This case is particularly helpful to insurers seeking an adverse inference instruction because it concludes that the heightened standard sometimes applied in order to obtain such an instruction does not apply to a lighter form of adverse inference instruction. The case also demonstrates the importance of asserting a counterclaim if the insurer intends to seek recoupment of amounts paid.
Tags: Insurance fraud case, Restitution For Prior Payments
Competing Causes of Loss: Florida Supreme Court Issues Decision Applying The Concurrent Causation Doctrine
Mold Exclusion: Louisiana Federal Court Interprets Exclusion And Endorsement
New York Court Rules Duty to Defend Policies Must Explicitly Provide for Recoupment of Defense Costs
Seventh Circuit Affirms Continuous Trigger Applicable In First Party Policy and Insurer's Bad Faith Denial of Coverage Under Wisconsin Law
Texas Federal Court Holds Faulty Workmanship Exclusion Applies to All Damage Caused By Drilling Gear Malfunction, Rejects Insured's Claim for Covered "Resulting Loss"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Solving the second example problem from the Wikipedia page on evelopes While reading the Wikipedia page on Envelopes there are some examples given. In the second example a jump is made from a linear equation to $F(x,y,t)=0$ form. For context the transformation is made from  the linear equation of $y=\frac{-(k-t)x}{t}+k-t$ to $F(x,y,t)=t^2+t(y-x-k)+kx=0$, where. $k$ is an arbitrary scaling variable and $t$ is a parameter use to produce the family of lines. I was wondering if someone could explain to me home this transition is made? If you would like to the at the original page here is a link.

A: Multiply by $t$ and bring all to one side

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Affordable lot ready for your home. Country living, yet not far from shopping, the Homosassa River, boat ramp, swimming with the manatees, waterfront pubs and dining, grocery stores, banks and Walmart. Kick back and enjoy life and all that Florida's Nature Coast has to offer.


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July 1978: Marvel Team Up 74 – In which we learn that the best defense against a Super Samauri is the cast of SNL
November 26, 2015 April 14, 2017 ~ Munky76
Synopsis: Marvel Team Up 74 was written by Chris Claremont, with Bob Hall and Marie Severin on art and opens with Peter (Spider-Man) Parker and his date Mary Jane Watson heading to a taping of Saturday Night Live, the legendary comedy show, which launched dozens of caree rs and did wonders for countless others. This is the 1978 vintage so the cast included Jane Curtain, Laraine Newman, Garrett Morris, Gilda Radner as well as legends Bill Murray, Dan Akroyd and John Belushi, who along with Lorne Michaels all appear in this comic. The guests are familiar Marvel celebrities Stan Lee (who prints actual Marvel Universe events in the Marvel Universe version of Marvel Comics) and professional side-kick turned folk singer Rick Jones.
The plot is wafer thin, a piece of advanced technology, in the form of a Japanese ring is sent to New York, this is to be picked up by mid level X-Men villain Silver Samurai. The problem is that the label on the package is smudged and it ends up in the hands of John Belushi, so the Silver Samurai decides to get a gang together and invade the studio to get it back. Spider-Man being in the audience is just one of those coincidence things.
Spider-Man teams up with the cast to confuse, distract and ultimately defeat the gang before John Belushi in middle ages Japenese clothes battles against Silver Samurai and loses the ring, allowing the Samurai to teleport away, after vowing that the next battle with Spider-Man will be the last.
Relevance: This is the definition of a one and done, rarely if ever referenced again.
Notes: This is 10lbs of crazy in a 5lb bag. The sitcom level plot seems like it comes from a comic from an earlier time, but yet somehow works. Bob Hall does all he can to meld the reality of the actors on SNL with Spider-Man's world and does a great job, with clear and polished inks by Marie Severin. The Silver Samurai's gang is the lowest of low-rent thugs, who are terrified of bumping into any of the several dozen New York based Superheroes, which ends up becoming part of the cast's plan to stop these guys, with the phones out and the doors guarded. Dressed as Ms Marvel and a black Thor, these guys are portrayed so badly it adds to the sitcom theme.
This ends up being quite funny, with silliness abounding and a cameo by Statler and Waldorf, of Muppets fame complaining about Peter and Mary Jane not sitting down. I feel that this would've been a better comic if a more naturally funny writer had done this, Steve Gerber comes to mind perhaps, comedy is not one of Claremont's strengths, but to be honest this comic is a lot of fun and one that level it works perfectly.
Next Time: Today Latveria: Tomorrow, the World!!
‹ PreviousJune 1978: Iron Man 114 – In which we learn that the Beast wants to know where to send the bill
Next ›August 1978: Supervillain Team Up 15 – In which we learn we can root for Doctor Doom


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Freddie Long
Bohdi
THOMA is the alias of London born singer and songwriter Tom Johnston. From...
THOMA is the alias of London born singer and songwriter Tom Johnston. From a young age Tom began singing and writing songs, influenced by artists such as Phil Collins, Luther Vandross and Whitney Houston. Tom, like the artists he grew up listening to wanted to blend powerful vocals with immersive songwriting and cut his teeth playing various open mic nights and gigs at Bars, Pubs and Clubs, where his original material was always met with acclaim. Tom started to gain a local following and began playing different events and local festivals, where he drew the attention of producer and musician Rees Broomfield and began working at SS2 Recordings in Southend, honing his craft as a vocalist and songwriter, collaborating with various musicians. Inspired by the wave of electro pop artists such as Troye Sivan, Oh Wonder and Halsey, Tom began to carve a sound that combined his commanding soulful voice with captivating lyrics and ambient electronic flourish. He quickly gained attention on the Southend music scene with various industry professionals now lining up to work with him. Through his reputation as not just a prolific songwriter and vocalist but also a fun and dynamic performer, Tom was offered a support slot on indie pop band Youth Club's April Tour, appearing at the O2 Academy Islington and Chinnery's in Southend. These dates coincide with the release of his first single 'Wild Love', taken from his up and coming EP which is set for release in June 2018.
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Who Is The Most Famous Rock Star?
Who is the most famous rock singer?
Who is the biggest rock legend?
Who is the coolest rockstar?
Who has the best male voice?
Who has the best rock voice?
Who is the oldest Rockstar?
Who is the goat of rock music?
Who is the biggest rock star today?
Who's the shortest Rockstar?
What famous rock musicians are genuine jerks?
Who has the best voice ever?
What band did most drugs?
Who is the oldest musician ever?
Who was the hardest partying band?
Who is the most famous male singer?
What is considered the most beautiful song ever written?
Who are today's rock stars?
What rock singer has the most range?
Who is the youngest singer alive?
Who has the longest singing career?
Who is the oldest rockers still alive?
Who Invented rock n Roll?
Is the Beatles a rock?
Why is Michael Jackson named as the king of the pop?
What band has the shortest members?
How tall is ACDC?
Why is AC DC so short?
Is Phil Collins arrogant?
Rolling Stone Readers Pick the Best Lead Singers of All Time
Bono.
Mick Jagger.
Jim Morrison.
Roger Daltrey.
Eddie Vedder.
John Lennon.
Chris Cornell.
Kurt Cobain. The Nirvana frontman's career lasted only a handful of years, but he's inarguably one of the greatest songwriters of the past few decades.
Rolling Stone Readers Name Top 10 Greatest Dead Rock Stars
Kurt Cobain.
Elvis Presley.
Freddie Mercury.
Janis Joplin.
George Harrison.
John Bonham.
Keith Moon.
Mick Jagger - The Rolling Stones. Jagger could turn up in one of Jedward's suits and the milkman's hat and still look slick.
Alex Chilton - Big Star.
Alex Turner - Arctic Monkeys.
Dev Hynes - Test Icicles/Lightspeed Champion/Blood Orange.
Jim Morrison - The Doors.
Jimi Hendrix.
David Bowie.
The 20 best male singers of all time, ranked in order of pure
Elton John. EltonJohnVEVO.
Paul McCartney. Mercury.
Rod Stewart. Rod Stewart.
Andy Williams. burtmurdoch.
Tom Jones.
Art Garfunkel.
Stevie Wonder.
Led Zeppelin singer Robert Plant has been voted the greatest voice in rock by listeners of DAB radio station Planet Rock. The singer beat Queen's Freddie Mercury, Free's Paul Rodgers and Deep Purple's Ian Gillan to the top spot in the UK poll. Plant scored just under 10 per cent of the total vote.
Dolly Parton, 75. Jason Kempin/Getty Images.
Mick Jagger, 78. Matteo Chinellato/NurPhoto via Getty Images.
Paul McCartney, 79. Kevin Kane/Getty Images for The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Bob Dylan, 80.
Chubby Checker, 80.
Ringo Starr, 81.
Jerry Lee Lewis, 86.
Bobby Rush, 87.
Who is the real G.O.A.T.? According to majority of our listeners… The Greatest Of All Time is… LED ZEPPELIN!
1 Paul McCartney - $1.2 billion
McCartney is not only the highest net worth rock musician on our list, but one of the highest net worth individuals in all of music.
Like actors, rockstars often look bigger in their music videos and on stage. In reality, many of the best musicians and entertainers are actually shorter guys. Here are our 32 favorite short musicians, rock stars and entertainers.
32 Short Musicians Who Rocked the World.
Angry Anderson 5'1"
Angus Young 5'2"
Malcolm Young 5'3"
Paul Simon 5'3"
8 Biggest Jerks in Rock
Phil Spector. Spector may be somewhat of a legendary producer standing who worked with artists such as The Beatles and The Ramones.
Liam Gallagher.
Anton Newcombe.
Gene Simmons.
Ted Nugent.
Morrissey.
Eddie Van Halen.
Axl Rose.
The greatest singing voices of all time
1 of 31. Barbra Streisand. Kevin Mazur/Getty Images for BSB.
2 of 31. Etta James. Charles Paul Harris/Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images.
3 of 31. Aretha Franklin.
4 of 31. Whitney Houston.
5 of 31. Mariah Carey.
6 of 31. Elton John.
7 of 31. Freddie Mercury.
8 of 31. Adele.
The 10 most drug-fuelled albums of all time
Black Sabbath.
Bob Marley.
Dr. Dre.
Fleetwood Mac.
Leonard Cohen.
The Beatles.
The Rolling Stones.
List of centenarians (musicians, composers and music patrons)
Walter Arlen 1920– 101
Svend Asmussen 1916–2017 100
Dave Bartholomew 1918–2019 100
Irving Berlin 1888–1989 101
This is the life of Mötley Crüe, the heaviest drinking, hardest fighting, most oversexed and arrogant band in the world. Their unbelievable exploits are the stuff of rock 'n' roll legend." Thus begins Motely Crue: The Dirt, a 448-page "confession" of their epic tales.
1. Justin Bieber. Without a doubt, Justin Bieber owns 2022, if you ask us who are the best male pop singers of today? Definitely, Justin tops the Billboard charts in many countries.
The Internet Has Decided These Are The 10 Most Beautiful Songs Ever
"Little Wing" By Jimi Hendrix.
"Requiem: Lacrimosa" By Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
"Adagio for Strings, Op.
"Can't Help Falling In Love" By Elvis Presley.
"The Boxer" By Simon And Garfunkel.
"What a Wonderful World" By Louis Armstrong.
"Heroes" By David Bowie.
Who Is the Last True Rock Star?
Rivers Cuomo.
Samuel T.
Fat Mike.
Anthony Green.
Jeff Mangum.
Ronnie Radke.
Alex Turner.
Billy Corgan.
Faith No More's Mike Patton is the undisputed king of range in popular music, topping a brain-bending six octaves. He's the only man on this list to break that ceiling, but there are plenty other vocal phenoms who get close.
C. Atithi Gautam K. C. (born 15 August 2006, Lalitpur district of Nepal) is known as the youngest singer in the world to release a professional solo album.
The longest working career as a recording artist was achieved by Kasper Delmar "Stranger" Malone (USA), having released material over eight consecutive decades.
Today's Oldest Living Rock N' Roll Stars- And They STILL Look
Live Fast, Die Old.
Dave Bartholomew – 97 years old.
Henry Gray – 91 years old.
Roy Haynes – 91 years old.
Chuck Berry – 90 years old.
Big Jay McNeely – 89 years old.
Johnny Thunder – 84 years old.
Yoko Ono – 83 years old.
While many artists are rock pioneers, Chuck Berry is universally considered the first who put it all together: the country guitar licks, the rhythm and blues beat, and lyrics that spoke to a young generation. In just a few songs, he drew a musical blueprint for what the world would soon know as rock & roll.
The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form.
He set and broke records, challenged racial boundaries and revolutionized the music industry. Michael Jackson's music and groundbreaking creativity changed the very infrastructure of the way music is produced and promoted. Michael Jackson has gone down in history as a legend, and he may always be the King of Pop.
The shortest band by height is Minirockerz aka Minikiss with an average height of 132.87 cm ( 4 ft 4 in). The four member band was formed in 1998 and initially played and celebrated Kiss music during high energy stage shows.
Angus & Malcolm Young of AC/DC – 5 Foot 2 & 5 Foot 3 Inches Tall.
Older brother Malcolm is the taller of the two, at only 5-foot-3. Angus stands all of 5-foot-2 (via Ultimate Classic Rock), and there's a pretty heartbreaking reason for their small stature: Lead pipes contaminated the drinking water on the Glasgow housing estate they lived in.
Collins had a reputation for calling up music journalists and complaining if he received a bad review, according to Guardian writer Paul Lester, and this turned many of them against him personally.
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Tuesday, April 25, 2017 — The Rubens House is in a search for six paintings by Michaelina Wautier. The Five Senses series dates from 1650 and consists of five signed and dated works on canvas. All that is known about them at present is a single black-and-white illustration in a 1975 auction catalogue. There has also been no trace since 1985 of the signed and dated still life Garland with Butterfly. The Rubens House is looking for these six works in the run-up to the first survey exhibition of Michaelina Wautier's work, which is due to open at Rubens's former Antwerp home on 1 June 2018. 'Michaelina' is the first survey exhibition of the Baroque artist's work and is part of Antwerp Baroque 2018: Rubens as an inspiration.
The 'Michaelina' exhibition will highlight the exceptional talent of a painter who achieved greatness in an era when women artists were extremely rare. Her work is so wide-ranging and unique that it challenges the art-historical imagination. 'Michaelina' is the first survey exhibition of the Baroque artist's work and is part of 'Antwerp Baroque 2018: Rubens as an inspiration'.
Antwerp Baroque 2018. Rubens as an inspiration pays homage to Peter Paul Rubens and his baroque, cultural heritage. During the festival, the spotlights will be on Peter Paul Rubens, one of the most influential artists ever and the most famous inhabitant of Antwerp. He personifies the baroque period and is an important source of inspiration for contemporary artists and the atypical lifestyle of the city and its inhabitants. The cultural city festival tells a story about baroque, in the past and the present, and creates a dialogue between historic baroque and the work of contemporary artists. But the city and the world, in all their diversity, were and are the décor. Antwerp Baroque 2018. Rubens as an inspiration is a key event in VisitFlanders' Flemish Masters programme. It promises to be explicitly extroverted and to combine artistic originality with authentic hospitality. More information: www.visitantwerpen.be/baroque.
Please contact Katrijn Van Bragt if you have any information or tips regarding Michaelina Wautier's The Five Senses. All information will be treated confidentially and with full discretion.
Katrijn Van Bragt, Rubens House assistant curator and 'Michaelina' project coordinator.
The 'Michaelina' exhibition will run from 1 June 2018 to 2 September 2018 at the Rubens House. Guest curator: Katlijne Van der Stighelen.


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SuperScience
SuperScience for grades 3-6 inspires students to make scientific discoveries as they read fascinating news stories, engage in hands-on activities, learn about current science topics, and more!
SuperScience: All That Glitters
By Jeanna Bryner | May 2006
Discover how rocks buried below the ground turn into the sparkling gold that coats shiny awards.
What do the Olympic Games, the Academy Awards, and the World Cup in soccer have in common? The most-prized award for each contains a sparkling metal that comes from a mineral: Gold. But before gold can be added to an award, miners must dig deep into the earth to bring gold-containing rocks to the surface. Take a dazzling tour to find out how gold is transformed from a hidden rock to a shiny trophy. Your expert along the journey will be James Webster, an earth scientist in charge of the upcoming exhibition Gold at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. Let's start deep below ground, where golden nuggets are born.
A treasure trove of gold is hidden miles below Earth's surface. But the treasure isn't in the form of a giant heap. Instead, specks of gold are scattered within rocks deep underground. In some areas, water is superheated to a vapor by pockets of magma, and flows through the rocks.
The specks of gold dissolve into sizzling hot water vapor. The vapor, which is less dense than surrounding rocks, rises toward Earth's surface—and the gold rides along with it.
Near Earth's surface, gold's free ride comes to an end. There, the heated water hits rocks that have cooler temperatures. "If the hot water that contains the gold comes in contact with cooler rocks, it's going to drop in temperature," explains Webster. When the water gets cooler, the once-dissolved gold begins to drop out of the liquid. Then, it forms a solid gold deposit within cracks in the ground. This gold can form swirls, like the fudge in vanilla-fudge ice cream, throughout the rocks.
At Earth's surface, wind and running stream water can cause erosion of the gold deposits. This loosens pieces of gold from within cracks and sends them downhill. The gold grains, flakes, and nuggets collect in riverbeds and in small depressions in the ground.
WHAT A BLAST!
Gold collected above ground is scarce. Most gold is found below the surface. To dig up enough gold to make trophies, awards, and even jewelry, engineers create a mine.
First, they use giant bulldozers to scoop out loads of dirt and rocks. The resulting pit can span 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) across. That's twice as wide as the Empire State Building is tall. Then, miners use explosives to blast through the bowl-shaped crater. This blasting sends gold-containing rocks, or gold ore, sky-high, before they crash to the ground in random piles. Webster says it takes huge dump trucks to collect all of the golden debris.
To make a standard-size gold ring, miners must dig up and carry away as many as 30 tons of rock!
You wouldn't be able to see sparkling nuggets piled up in the dump trucks. That's because the trucks are filled with rocks containing tiny amounts of gold scattered throughout. "Once the material's been brought to the surface, then the next thing is to get the gold out of it," Webster explains. To retrieve the gold, mining experts use a poisonous chemical called cyanide, mixed with water. This mixture dissolves the gold out of the rocks.
Once the gold is separated from the debris, a special process is used to make sure it's ready for craftspeople to mold into awards.
MAKE IT SHINE
There is no room for error when it comes to making golden awards such as the Oscar trophies. Months before the Academy Awards ceremony, employees at R.S. Owens in Chicago set to work. First, they fill an empty mold with a metal that contains silver. Once the mold cools, the statuette gets sanded.
Time to add some sparkle. Each statuette is dipped into a series of tanks, covering it first with copper, then nickel, then silver—and finally with gold. Gold is used as the final coating partly because of its yellowish sheen and because it never tarnishes.
The next time you spot a piece of gold jewelry or a golden award, remember the labor that went into creating the glittery object. And no matter who takes home an Oscar, you might feel at least a little excitement as each statuette gets its moment in the spotlight.
How Gold Forms
Rainwater seeps into the ground and moves through pores in the rocks and soil.
Deep below Earth's surface, the rainwater joins water that has escaped from pockets of molten rock called magma. The rainwater gets heated up until it becomes a vapor.
Gold dissolves into the water vapor, which rises toward the surface.
When this mix of gold and water nears the surface, it cools, causing the gold to become solid again. The gold forms deposits within narrow channels and cracks in the earth.
Over time, erosion from wind and running stream water sends the gold downhill. The gold particles collect in stream beds and also pits in the ground.
Words to Know
Mineral — a naturally occurring solid material with its atoms arranged in a repeating pattern. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that has all the properties of that element.
Magma — melted rock that stays below Earth's surface
Dense — having an amount of matter
Erosion — the process that chemically or physically breaks down rock
Engineer — a person who designs, builds, and/or operates structures, machines, and computer systems
Ore — a mineral or rock from which a valuable or useful substance can be removed
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Here's something interesting from Scholastic.com


CRM user adoption is a challenge even for the best of managers and their teams. Slow and low user adoption are the primary reasons CRM engagement fails to achieve its full potential. According to a Merkle Group Inc. survey, around 63% of CRM initiatives fail in large organizations.
A scary number to say the least, which can make you wonder whether CRM will be a success for your organization.
But, the silver lining in the survey was the finding that those who had successfully implemented CRM were satisfied/happy with the benefits and value it provided to their organization.
The absence of ownership of the project and customer insights.
The absence of management insight and executive involvement.
Lack of user adoption after the CRM gets implemented.
CRM initiative not getting adequate priority by the IT staff.
According to a Forrester research survey, the challenge that separates a successful implementation of CRM from an unsuccessful one is the issues that relate to people. People issues in CRM implementation fall into three main categories. Leading the pack is slow user adoption (49%), followed by insufficient change management and training (35%) and aligning to new ways of working (15%).
These issues confirm that change is the biggest barrier when it comes to implementing new technologies like CRM. Also, a CRM system is known to track all information, which makes people nervous that senior management will use it to monitor their activities and productivity.
How to increase CRM user adoption?
When it comes to CRM end-user adoption, you have to understand that it is less about technology and more about changing the behavior of those who have to use the system. It means that you have to carefully select the people who manage and lead the CRM implementation program for your organization.
Make sure that there is a strategy in place – Before you embark on the journey of implementation, make sure you have a sound CRM strategy in place. The strategy should have a clear roadmap, vision and plan that lists the building blocks of the path ahead for the employees of the organization in conjunction with the new CRM system.
The strategy should include how it will support your organization's overall business strategy. Also, you should have clear, well-defined, but achievable objectives, as well as perform a detailed assessment of what is expected of the employees and management to achieve the end business result.
If you don't have a clear-cut strategy, it becomes difficult to convince the end-user that the organization is serious about implementing the CRM project. And, when you make your employees understand that the CRM software is directly linked to the core objectives of the organization – customers, sales and revenue – they are bound to take the project seriously and adapt to it.
Form the right team – This is a crucial one. Make sure you have the right people on board when it comes to CRM implementation. After all, it will be the responsibility of the project team to see to it that user adoption takes place properly. It should be a balanced mix of people who understand technology and those who can manage people and implement your company's core objective of adopting a successful CRM solution.
Make sure the users are involved from the start – Ultimately, your employees are the end-users who have to adopt the system, so they should know from the start what's in store for them. Identify the stakeholders from each team and make sure you involve them in the CRM software selection process and in the pre-implementation analysis to provide ownership of the project. Also, take into consideration the opinions of your employees, and try to dispel all the myths and/or apprehensions that surround the CRM and its implementation process.
Convince the employees that the CRM solution will only benefit them and improve their performance – and that it is not a tool used for keeping tabs on their activities. Address their doubts and provide support so they can give their one-hundred percent to make the project a success.
Improve your business processes – CRM software deployment gets a boost when you improve your business processes, resulting in higher user adoption and return. The dual impact of business process improvement with technology results in easier-to-use processes, enhanced employee productivity, lower operating costs, minimal errors, quick transaction cycles and improved overall return on your technology investment.
Get a system that is easy to use – Make sure that the CRM solution is customized so that it reflects the way your users work and not vice versa. An easy-to-use interface result in better user adoption.
Emphasize employee training – User training is vital to the success of CRM adoption and utilization. You can create specific training modules for different business processes to familiarize employees with the overall functioning of the CRM. For example, a salesperson should know how to follow a sales process and make a sale, while a marketing person needs to learn how to register leads and follow up with them.
Make sure that the administrators get extensive training so that they are well-equipped to handle employee queries. The administrators should also be well-versed in configuring the system and other administrator-related work.
There are many features in a CRM system, and it is practically impossible to learn all of them in one single session. Break your training into short and frequent sessions so your employees can more easily process the information.
Put a change management plan in place – Change management prepares your employees and organization to adopt change without compromising productivity. There are employees in every organization who resist change because it makes them move out of their comfort zone. These employees at times can influence others who are ready to embrace the change, which will stall your end-user adoption. A change management plan can alleviate doubts and bring everyone on board.
Reward the users who perform well on the CRM system – Devise a strategy that rewards those who utilize the CRM system well. You can do this by measuring the adoption level of the employees – namely by gauging their productivity and utilization, not by merely logging into the system. Rewarding employees is a great way to drive home the point that the organization is serious about CRM implementation.
Following these best practices can help increase your chances of successful CRM user adoption. If you are considering a CRM solution, eZnet CRM offers an intuitive, user-friendly system that is easy for employers to implement and for employees to use. eZnet CRM provides the comprehensive support, training and technical capability critical to seamless functionality and end-user acceptance. Contact us to learn more.


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Wisconsin Supreme Court turns down appeal on domestic partner registry
MADISON, Wis. -- The Wisconsin Supreme Court has declined to take up a case challenging the constitutionality of the state's domestic partnership registry law until it's gone through the normal appeals process.
By LOUIS WEISBERG | Wisconsin Gazette Tuesday, September 18, 2012
MADISON, Wis. — The Wisconsin Supreme Court has declined to take up a case challenging the constitutionality of the state's domestic partnership registry law until it's gone through the normal appeals process.
The case was initiated when Julaine Appling, head of Wisconsin Family Action, joined with other anti-gay activists to file a suit claiming the registry violated a 2006 constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage and any similar legal status for gay and lesbian couples.
Former Gov. Jim Doyle (D), enacted the law, which gives registered same-sex couples 41 of the more than 200 benefits the state offers married couples.
A Dane County judge ruled last year that the registry does not violate the constitutional amendment because the relatively few rights it affords to couples do not mirror marriage.
Appling appealed that ruling, but the 4th District Court of Appeals sent the case directly to the Supreme Court in July.
"We perceive nothing particularly complicated in the parties' dispute over the meaning of the marriage amendment and its application to Wisconsin's domestic partnership law," the appeals court wrote. "We therefore perceive no reason why the Supreme Court might benefit from the refinement of issues that sometimes occurs when a dispute first works its way through briefing and decision in the court of appeals. Thus, in light of the statewide importance of the issue and the desirability of a prompt and final resolution, we certify this appeal to the Wisconsin Supreme Court."
The state's sharply divided high court, which has a right-wing majority, sent the case back to the appeals court, however, on a vote of 5-2. The two dissenting judges were liberal Chief Justice Shirley Abrahamson and Justice Ann Walsh Bradley, who wanted to take up the case.
Madison insiders say two other justices on the court, conservatives David Prosser and Michael Gableman, are widely perceived to be gay, which could add another twist to the case when it does reach their courtroom. No matter how the District 4 Court of Appeals eventually rules, the losing side is certain to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court.
The scenario surrounding the case is already complicated by Appling's personal life. Never married, she has lived for many years with another never-married woman in a Watertown home that the women own jointly.
In a May interview with The Cap Times, Appling acknowledged feeling same-sex attraction, calling it universal.
"There's not a person alive who hasn't said, 'Well, I wonder' (about my sexual orientation)," Appling told Cap Times reporter Jack Craver.
Repeated studies have found a strong link between homophobia and repressed homosexual desire.
© Wisconsin Gazette. Reprinted by permission.
Domestic Partner Registry, Domestic Partners, Madison WI, Wisconsin
Poll: Tammy Baldwin takes lead in race for U.S. Senate
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Trans model Laith Ashley co-stars as Taylor Swift's love interest in new music video
Marjorie Taylor Greene's spectacular shutdown by Republicans has the internet in hysterics


Michigan Tech continues to rank among the top tier of universities in the US News & World Report college rankings. In addition, three of the university's undergraduate engineering programs ranked among the top 25 in the country and four graduate programs have ranked among the best in the country.
Among undergraduate programs, environmental engineering ranked 16th, materials science and engineering was 18th, and mechanical engineering was 25th. Michigan Tech's graduate programs enrolled a record 801 students during 2003-04 and attracted more than $30 million in research funding.
A team of Michigan Tech researchers has played a key role in an international effort to sequence the first tree genome. They were part of a consortium that has deciphered the genetic code of the black cottonwood.
Chung-Jui Tsai, director of Michigan Tech's Biotechnology Research Center and an associate professor of forest resources and environmental science, led the effort. Using gene amplification technology, Tsai's team fished out more than 13, 000 gene fragments known as expressed sequence tags, or ESTs, that are represented throughout cottonwood's 480 million letters of genetic code. ers, now placed in order by the international research effort, are about 40, 000 genes, which underlie all aspects of the tree's growth and behavior.
Assistant Professor Seyed "Reza" Zekavat, of Michigan Tech's Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, has received two National Science Foundation grants totaling more than $800, 000.
With a $350, 000 grant, he aims to conduct fundamental research on wireless local positioning systems. With a $462, 000 award, he will develop a new multidisciplinary version of the traditional course, "Introduction to Electrical Engineering for Non-Electrical Engineers."
The wireless local positioning systems project will support a new lab and three graduate students and will involve about 15 undergraduates.
Michigan Tech researchers have been awarded a $2.1 million grant to study a critical mechanism for trees' survival. Associate Professor Chung-Jui Tsai (School of Forestry and Environmental Science) will investigate the genetic underpinnings of phenolic glycoside production and how it relates to plant growth. This family of compounds plays a key role in plant health, making many plants tough and disease-resistant.


text:
Mitch Zahler
Matt Egan
Okta, Inc.
Bhaskar Pramanik
Phishing By Industry Benchmarking Report
As a security leader, you're faced with a tough choice. Even as you increase your budget for sophisticated security software, your exposure to cybercrime keeps going up! IT security seems to be a race between effective technology and clever attack methods. However, there's an often overlooked security layer that can...
Ransomware: Using Your Employees As Your Frontline For Defense
The recent escalating ransomware attacks have shown that no organization is safe and the effects of those attacks can be devastating. By many reports, ransomware has been already responsible for causing hundreds of millions of dollars in damages, with no end in sight. Find out how you can help to combat these attacks...
Ransomware Hostage Rescue Manual
• July 5, 2018
Ransomware is vicious malware that locks users out of their devices or blocks access to files until a sum of money or ransom is paid. Attacks cause downtime, data loss, possible intellectual property theft, and in certain industries an attack is considered a data breach. Phishing emails, compromised websites and free...
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Beyond the Hype
Nick Holland • June 7, 2018
Companies offering cybersecurity products are using the terms "artificial intelligence" and "machine learning" in many different ways. But the real meanings of the terms are far more nuanced than marketing hyperbole would lead us to believe, says Grant Wernick of Insight Engines.
Unusual Breach Report by Humana Shines Light on Fraud Prevention
Marianne Kolbasuk McGee • May 29, 2018
An unusual breach notification issued by health insurer Humana shows how some organizations are identifying anomalous behaviors of voice technology users to detect potential fraud.
The Device Fingerprinting Evolution
For over a decade, a crucial part of fraud detection has been assigning an identity to every laptop, tablet, and mobile device that accesses a website or app. Such a fingerprint is a representation of hundreds of different device-specific values taken from an end user's device. Today's device fingerprinting...
Reducing Fraud In Digital Banking
One of the leading mobile-based financial services targeted at millennials approached Simility to help fight fraud. Simility provided an end-to-end solution which included customized models for their specific needs. Fraudsters were using the company's customer accounts to funnel money via stolen identities. But...
Finding Fraud Using Machine Data
When it comes to fraud, enterprise data has a story to tell, and it's up to security and fraud leaders to know how to interpret that story. Download this whitepaper to learn more about: How to recognize fraud in your environment; How to quickly spot anomalous behavior; Best practices for using machine data and...
Gleb Esman • May 1, 2018
The Vulnerabilities of Traditional Identity Verification
As account opening continues to transition from physical to digital channels, financial institutions and other organizations must optimize the digital experience of applicants in order to compete. At the same time, fraud is on the rise thanks to some of the same digital channel benefits enjoyed by consumers:...
The Power of Identity in Financial Services
Information Security Media Group • April 11, 2018
Technology, regulations and customer expectations all have evolved. What does this mean for how organizations secure identities? Baber Amin of the Office of the CTO of Ping Identity offers strategic insight.
Future-Proof Against Fraud
Tom Field • April 10, 2018
How can we future-proof against fraud? Keith Carlson, general manager of payments and fraud prevention at Amazon Web Services, discusses the people, skills and technologies necessary to prevent fraud - and prepare for the unexpected.
Video Interview: The Challenge of Fighting Identity Fraud
Tom Field • April 5, 2018
Armed with stolen personal data, cybercriminals can easily bypass conventional identity authentication methods. So how can organizations strengthen authentication without harming customer experience? Shaked Vax of IBM Security shares insights.
New Account Fraud and The Need For Behavioral Biometrics
According to a recent report, The Identity Fraud Study, released by Javelin Strategy & Research, it showed in 2015, there were more than 1.5 million new account fraud victims that accounted for losses of $2.8 billion. This number increased by 40% in 2016, and there is no reason to believe that this trend is stopping...
Jim Apger • March 22, 2018


text:
Onore No Shinzuru Michu Wo Yuke Review - Sony PSP
Matt Ingrey
It took about half an hour for the catchily titled Onore no Shinzuru Michi wo Yuke to get me. I felt okay alighting a train at King's Cross, but, standing on the escalator to the Underground, I suddenly found myself convinced that this slow descent was necessary, so that the next me would get down quicker. Not the most stable of thoughts. At Euston a lady got on (normal), sat next to me (less normal), and began to eat a yoghurt (a bit weird). I silently imagined the next her eating the tasty snack twice as quickly, thanks to her hard work (unfathomably weird).
I was losing my mind.
It makes a confusing sort of sense, though. When the princess, Mana-hime, is kidnapped, her father hires the ninja, Shipumaru, to rescue her. Shipumaru possesses a very special skill: he can create shadow-clones of himself every sixty seconds. When the sixty-second period expires, the entire level returns to its original state, the clock begins again, and the initial clone precisely repeats its original actions; there are effectively two Shipumarus running around, then three, then four…
The most basic implementation of this mechanic comes with a simple switch; a staircase appears when the switch is held down but disappears if it's released, making it impossible to climb alone. Shipumaru must hold the switch down and wait (pressing the right trigger enables a clone's life to be cut short, if they've done everything they can do). When the new Shipumaru reaches this switch, the clone will be there holding it down, allowing passage up the stairs. When enemies are encountered the teamwork takes on a new effect. While attacking with Circle will usually only remove 1HP from a boss, with five or six clones hammering away at the same foe, the mightiest of beasts can be slain within a minute.
Suffice it to say that it gets significantly and gloriously more complex than this. The player will need to keep track of seven, eight, nine clones at once, and these must be meticulously programmed to kill enemies, trigger switches, destroy obstacles, avoid traps, all in the right order, all to ensure the end of the level can be reached in time. There is a limit to the number of clones Shipumaru can summon, and the final one must have the ability to run from the very start, to the very end, of the level in one minute; once the clones run out, the mission is failed. This is perfect portable gaming. Got ten minutes to spare? Play a level with a limit of ten clones; it'll take no longer than ten minutes to complete, whether success or failure is the result.
There's a gorgeous art style at work, reminiscent of Okami in feel, if not execution. Screenshots fail to do it justice, and while the animation is often fairly basic, it works incredibly well and fits perfectly with the overall style. As Shipumaru travels a floor, the tiles he stands on are removed, revealing more of the beautifully drawn backgrounds. This is not just a nice effect, though, as each tile removed adds one point to a pool that can then be used to initiate special moves by pressing Square (special attacks can be scrolled with Triangle). Fire and wind attacks have their own specific uses, but perhaps of most benefit is a special move that allows a stone statue to be dropped on a switch, enabling the previously mentioned 'impossible' switch puzzle to be solved with a single clone.
The single-player game is split into two comprehensive modes, Story and Mission, the basic mechanics of which are the same. Story mode is where the princess rescuing happens, and offers a surprisingly deep levelling system with experience awarded based on performance in a level. This translates into skill points which can be used to buy extra attack power, extra speed, extra clones, or to power up special moves. With the focus of the mode being on massive bosses, it's occasionally necessary to replay completed stages to earn more skill points, but this is kept to a minimum, and is often an alternative means to defeating a boss rather than a necessary one. Bosses are so cleverly designed that in spite of the player having such a basic set of moves at their disposal, each boss has strengths and weaknesses, and a technique that must be discovered to effectively kill them.
Mission mode offers no opportunity to grind, giving the player a set number of clones with which to complete a level. If it can't be completed in the set number of clones, then somewhere there's a corner to be cut, a strategy to be found, a weakness to be exploited. There's less emphasis on bosses in this mode (though they're present), and much more on puzzles. With a set number of clones available, levels are designed with the focus on getting the best out of the number of clones you have available to you. Missions are split into areas with seven levels apiece; new traps, enemies, and puzzles await in each new area, offering no opportunity for boredom, and leaving the player to always wonder in what unique way their clones will need to be utilised next.
There's one peculiarity in Onore no Shinzuru Michi wo Yuke. Due to the nature of the game you can sometimes find yourself in the strange situation of defeating a boss while being nowhere near it in the level. In these instances the death animation plays in your absence, giving the impression of a game that has crashed. It's the closest thing to a flaw that the game has, but doesn't affect the enjoyment at all.
Onore no Shinzuru Michi wo Yuke has a mechanic that initially feels complex, but is actually very basic and easy to get to grips with. This could have led to a simple, repetitive game, but From Software have worked wonders to ensure this isn't the case. With levels introducing new gimmicks all the time, and epic boss fights constantly challenging players to think and use their skills in new ways, the mechanic never grows old, and offers an experience the likes of which hasn't been seen before.
charlesr - 08-11-2014, 11:36 AM
There's a menu translation for this here: https://bordersdown.net/content/7...nu-Translation


The Center for Neighborhood Technology's Housing and Transportation (H+T®) Affordability Index provides a more comprehensive way of thinking about affordability. The H+T Index incorporates transportation costs—usually a household's second-largest expense—to show that location-efficient places can be more livable and affordable. It allows users to view housing and transportation data as maps, charts, and statistics for nearly 900 metropolitan and micropolitan areas—covering 89 percent of the US population.
Out of Reach is a report on the housing wage released by the National Low Income Housing Coalition: the wage one must earn in order to afford a modest rental home in communities across the country. State and county profiles provide law makers, advocates, planners, and concerned citizens critical data and information they need to make informed decisions.
The National Housing Preservation Database was created by the Public and Affordable Housing Research Corporation (PAHRC) and the National Low Income Housing Coalition (NLIHC) in an effort to provide communities with the information they need to effectively preserve their stock of public and affordable housing. The National Housing Preservation Database incorporates all available data on federally subsidized housing properties and includes nine separate funding streams.
This page provides national and regional data on the number of new housing units authorized by building permits, authorized but not started, started, under construction, and completed. The data are from the Building Permits Survey and from the Survey of Construction.
Up-to-date housing construction statistics, including new housing starts; building permits; and new and existing homes sold by region. National, state and local data are available.
Local disability housing data by state and county. Data is compiled from the following sources: American Community Survey (ACS), Current Population Survey (CPS), Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).
"Exposure index," measures the average racial composition of neighborhoods experienced by members of specific racial groups; "Dissimilarity index" measures to what degree a particular group is distributed across census tracts in relation to another group. Census Scope provides a tool to calculate exposure and dissimilarity indexes by major cities and metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) using 2000 census data.
The City of Fargo provides local data, regional plans, and research dealing with homelessness.
The North Dakota Coalition for Homeless People provides summary reports based on a statewide point-in-time survey of homeless individuals. The report includes information regarding demographics, education, employment, veteran status, common characteristics, and service utilization.
The Census Bureau's housing data present a comprehensive picture of housing in America. You'll find a wide range of data on the size, age and type of American homes; home values, rents and mortgages, the housing and construction industry, and more.
The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) produces in-depth economic analyses of the home building industry based on private and government data. Data and information are provided based on surveys administered to builders, home buyers, and renters to provide insight into the issues and trends driving the industry.
Quarterly economic and housing market data provided by HUD's Office of Policy Development and Research. Also includes special reports and briefing materials on specific topics such as housing market conditions, affordable housing needs, and homeownership trends.
The HUD User Clearinghouse is an information source for housing and community development researchers, academics, policymakers, and the American public. HUD USER provides interested researchers with access to the original data sets generated by PD&R-sponsored data collection efforts, including the American Housing Survey, HUD median family income limits, as well as microdata from research initiatives on topics such as housing discrimination, the HUD-insured multifamily housing stock, and the public housing population.


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Chris Cuffe is the founding director of Third Link Investment Managers Pty Limited, which has been appointed to invest and manage the investments of the Fund. He is also the portfolio manager within Third Link for the Fund.
Chris started his career in August 1980 with chartered accountants Peat Marwick Mitchell & Co, now KPMG.
In March 1985 he entered the funds management industry, joining Sydney Fund Managers Limited in the capacity of Company Secretary and Financial Controller and was also appointed a director in February 1986. Sydney Fund Managers was the Australian subsidiary of a UK based multinational funds management group – Edinburgh Fund Managers PLC. Sydney Fund Managers was responsible for the establishment, administration and maintenance of a number of listed investment companies, unlisted equity trusts and pooled superannuation trusts.
In August 1988 Chris joined the newly formed investment arm of State Bank NSW, First State Fund Managers, and in 1990 assumed the position of Chief Executive Officer (CEO). During Chris' tenure as CEO, he led Colonial First State Investments (as it was later renamed) from a small start-up operation to become Australia's largest investment fund manager. When Chris left Colonial First State in early 2003, the company was valued in excess of $5 billion, managed nearly $70 billion of investment funds on behalf of around 500,000 investors and employed more than 1,000 staff.
Chris joined what is now known as Challenger Limited in early 2003 in the capacity of CEO. A period of intense restructure followed which saw the company recapitalised (via a merger) and refocused with a new management team. Following the completion of this 'rebuild' phase, Chris stepped down from the Group CEO role in August 2004 to become Chief Executive of Challenger's wealth management business, a position he held until the end of June 2006. During Chris' time at Challenger, the wealth management business was substantially rebuilt in terms of systems, products, processes and staff. It grew from around $3 billion of investment funds under management to over $12 billion during the period and firmly established itself as a significant industry competitor.
In September 2006 Chris joined Social Ventures Australia (SVA), an Australian-based not for profit organisation, to assist with its expansion. SVA invests in social change by helping increase the impact and sustainability of participants in the non-profit sector. He subsequently became Chairman and portfolio manager of SVA's Future Trust, a position he held until March 2012.
In addition to being a director and portfolio manager of Third Link Growth Fund, Chris is now involved in a portfolio of activities including a number of directorships, managing public and private investments and in various roles assisting the non-profit sector. In particular, he is:
Non executive director of the listed investment companies Argo Investments Limited (ARG), Antipodes Global Investment Company Limited (APL) and Global Value Fund (GVF);
A member of the Investment Committee of UniSuper (the superannuation fund dedicated to people working in Australia's higher education and research sector);
A member of the Investment Committee of the Paul Ramsay Foundation (Australia's largest charitable foundation established by Paul Ramsay AO in 2006); and
Chairman and Founder of Australian Philanthropic Services (australianphilanthropicservices.com.au), a not for profit organisation which inspires, facilitates and educates Australia's high net worth community and the professional advisers that support them, about effective philanthropy.
Chris served as a director of the Investment and Financial Services Association (now the Financial Services Council) and its predecessor for more than a decade, retiring from this position in early 2003.
Chris holds a Bachelor of Commerce in Accounting, Finance and Systems with merit from the University of New South Wales as well as a Diploma from the Securities Institute of Australia (now the Financial Services Institute of Australasia). He is also a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia, a Fellow of the Financial Services Institute of Australasia and a Fellow of the Institute of Company Directors.
Chris received the Australian Fund Manager's RBS Hall of Fame Award in October 2007 for his contribution to the investment management industry. In 2017 he was appointed as an Officer in the General Division of the Order of Australia.


Here we will be sharing step by step guide to finding Pokemon's, show Pokemon notifications to catch in Pokemon Go. There is an app called "PokiiMap apk" to detect nearby Pokemon. Although it is dangerous to use 3rd party applications to play Pokemon because there is a high risk of being banned. But it also makes the entire capture process and identify more easily and also saves Pokemon.
Download the latest PokiiMap apk for Pokemon Go here- it's like to find PokeAlert Apk, PokeDetector, PokeVision, PokeMap, PokeRadar, show notifications Pokemon Pokemon to catch, not apk work ban. The PokiiMap application helps you in your cause to catch Pokemon that by scanning your location map and Pokemon display is in this locality. It is like many other 3rd party applications we've seen since the launch of Pokemon GO.
How to use PokiiMap app?
Open the Pokii Map App via your device app menu.
Now click on app menu >> account, then sign in via PTC or Google auth.
After successfully login, go back app home.
Now tap on the search icon, and find any location.
This time. wait for your Pokemon map .. see screenshot below.
Still, don't get it working? don't worry just drop a comment below, We try to respond as soon as possible.
[1.5.1] added authentication to private live map server.
Added live maps, works with your own pogom or PokemonGO-map server.
Import accounts (PTC accounts only).
You will need to add back your accounts upgrading from 1.2.x or 1.3.x, sorry about that.
Download the latest PokiiMap apk, install, add an account, click the red button. Then see nearby Pokemon on the map.


text:
Q: How to draw empty nodes in tikz-qtree? I'm new to tikz-qtree, and I would like to reproduce this figure in LaTeX:

So far, I've managed to cobble this bit of code, but the results are a bit comical, as the empty nodes (those without text) appear smaller than the nodes with text. Secondly, I haven't quite managed to put text above a node or opposite a node/edge as shown in the figure.
How do I get the circles to be all of same radius irrespective of whether empty/filled?
\begin{tikzpicture}[every tree node/.style={draw,circle}]
\Tree[.{Root}
   [.4 11 {} ]
   [.5 6  {} ]
   ]
\end{tikzpicture}

I reckon to do that, I might need to specify a new node with a fixed radius using \newcommand right? However, my attempts have been unsuccessful.

A: You can specify a minimum size for the nodes, and fix the sibling and level distances. To draw the annotations to match the levels, we make another tree with empty branches but with the same level distance.  To keep the style parameters separate, each tree is wrapped in its own {scope} environment.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz-qtree}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\definecolor{blech}{rgb}{.78,.78.,.62}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
  \tikzset{edge from parent/.append style={draw=none},
  every tree node/.style={draw=none},level distance=2cm
  }
  \Tree [[.{Level 1} [.{Level 2} ]]]
\end{scope}
  \begin{scope}[xshift=2in]
\tikzset{every tree node/.style={draw,circle, minimum size=2em,fill=blech},
    level distance=2cm,sibling distance=1cm}
    \Tree[.\node (Root) {};
       [.4 11 {} ]
       [.5 6  {} ]
       ]
   \node [above=.25cm of Root] {Root};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

A: A recommended solution with PSTricks.
\documentclass[preview,border=12pt,12pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pst-tree}
\definecolor{mycolor}{RGB}{199 199 158}% my own color

\psset{radius=10pt,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=mycolor}

\begin{document}
\psTree[thislevelsep=0]{\Tn}
    \psTree{\Tn}
        \psTree[edge=none]{\Tr{Level 1}}
                \Tr{Level 2}
        \endpsTree
    \endpsTree
    \psTree{\TCircle{}~[tnpos=a]{Root}}
        \psTree{\TCircle{4}}
                \TCircle{11}
                \TCircle{}
        \endpsTree
        \psTree{\TCircle{5}}
                \TCircle{6}
                \TCircle{}
        \endpsTree
    \endpsTree
\endpsTree
\end{document}


text:
Role of a PCC
Find your PCC
Sue Mountstevens
Avon and Somerset
Office of the Police & Crime Commissioner for Avon & Somerset
Sue Mountstevens was elected as the Police and Crime Commissioner for Avon and Somerset in 2012 and re-elected in 2016. As well as her existing policing priorities, Sue has also pledged to continue to prioritise the most vulnerable in society.
Sue has lived in Avon and Somerset her whole life and before becoming PCC, served as a Magistrate on the Bristol, Youth, Family and Adult benches for 15 years. Sue was Vice-Chair of Independent Monitoring Board at Bristol Prison and worked as an independent member of the previous Police Authority. She was also a director of Mountstevens Bakeries for 25 years.
Sue is the Deputy Lead for the APCC Portfolio Group on Criminal Justice Efficiency & Effectiveness.
Avon and Somerset Police & Crime website
Avon and Somerset Police & Crime Plan
Members' login Knowledge Hub
©2019 The Association of Police and Crime Commissioners
Lower Ground, 5-8 The Sanctuary
Westminster, London SW1P 3JS
020 7222 4296 | Fax: 020 7222 4157
enquiries@apccs.police.uk