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Winner of 2018 journalism awards for local reporting, design, and commentary ✕
From Day One
How to Build a Bicycle Company in 12 Easy Lessons
Getting rolling was a challenge, but after five years in business, this Brooklyn entrepreneur has learned a thing or two about steering a startup
By Kara Cutruzzula - June 8, 2017
Ryan Zagata, president of Brooklyn Bicycle Co. (Photos courtesy of Brooklyn Bicycle, except where noted)
"I never was, nor do I profess to be, a bike enthusiast."
Oh, but how things change when you move to Brooklyn! That's straight from the mouth of Ryan Zagata, president of Brooklyn Bicycle Co., which sells, of course, bikes. Enthusiasms change, and perhaps transform even quicker in a new environment. Zagata was working in the finance and tech worlds in Manhattan until 2008. But one move over the river later and "the neighborhood very quickly threw its arms around us," he says. To explore beyond his immediate radius in Williamsburg and Greenpoint, he and his wife set off on their bikes, but it wasn't until a 2011 trip to Vietnam that the seed for a business was born.
"We saw everyone riding these upright, very utilitarian bikes, the kind of bike I had always been dreaming of but wasn't able to find," he says. "I don't want to pretend that we invented or we were the first to market that type of bike, because we certainly weren't, but it wasn't in my wheelhouse," he says. Before they even returned from Vietnam, he got on the phone with Worksman Cycles, based in Queens, to talk prototypes. (They designed the originals; now the bikes are designed in Brooklyn and manufactured in China and Taiwan.) Zagata stuck around his day job in software sales before going all in on the bike business in March 2012.
Sold in 12 shops in the first year, they're now available in 150 locations in the U.S. and globally, with distributors in Argentina, France, and hopefully soon, Mexico. Every one of the 10 models is named for Brooklyn streets (Lorimer, Calyer, and so on), with prices starting at $299, with the average riding in around $599. This spring marks the five-year anniversary of the business and, as they say, business is good. Zagata shared more of his journey and lessons he's learned along the way.
Iterate Early, Iterate Often
Despite appreciating the idea of a Brooklyn-designed bike, every single bike shop rejected Brooklyn Bike Co.'s early models—originally called Brooklyn Cruisers—in August 2011. Instead of being discouraged, Zagata went to the drawing board. Discriminating shops wanted double-wall, not single-wall rims. They wanted more aluminum and less steel (the latter tends to rust), hand brakes instead of coaster brakes. After the models were improved, they were accepted into six shops by spring 2012. Developing the models and manufacturing process involved many trips to Taiwan and China to find reputable manufacturers with strong quality control who wanted to work with a fledgling company. "As we've grown, we've been able to do business with bigger factories who are putting out better-quality products," he says.
Brooklyn Bicycles are made with urban commuting in mind, featuring chain guards and fenders
Define Your Expectations
"One of the things I wish I had done, and what I'd tell anyone who's launching a business, is to write down your expectations before you start. Because when you exceed them and you look back, if you don't have anything to compare them to, you're never going to be happy." Zagata only realized how good business was when his insurance policy came up for renewal and he had to take a closer look at his revenue. It was double what they had projected. "Here I am thinking nothing was going well and we're not growing fast enough," he says. "That really allowed me to have perspective."
Figure Out Your Pitch
Brooklyn Bicycle Co. seems like the rare company to know exactly who they serve—and that's not by accident. When Zagata was starting the company, his wife Thea, who's a publicist, told him there's a thousand bike companies and a new one isn't newsworthy. So they worked on formulating a product that was attractive, well-designed, and had a story behind the brand. Zagata points to early coverage in Brooklyn Based that led to mentions in GQ, Vanity Fair, Maxim, and other national outlets. The Museum of Modern Art even reached out to do a collaboration, resulting in a custom-colored bike sold exclusively in the MoMA gift shop.
The Driggs 3 model in army green
Make New Product
Despite their success, Zagata isn't precious about his line-up, and they continue to release new models. Some of the most popular sellers are step-through bikes like the Willow 3 and the Franklin. They've also recently released a top-selling hybrid bike, the Roebling, which Bicycling magazine named one of the six top city bikes of 2017, a nice nod from experts in the industry. In about a month they're releasing a seven-speed cruiser ideal for moseying around places like Coney Island and Brighton Beach, and are also exploring new collaborations with well-known designers.
Keep Your Staff Lean
The operation is small but mighty, with three full-time employees, including Zagata, housed in Greenpoint's co-working space The Pencil Factory, their third home since 2012, and a clutch of part-time consultants, salespeople, and graphic designers. Maintaining relationships is a huge part of their growth. Zagata points out that one of their dealers who sold their bicycles in Greenpoint from the beginning moved with his wife to Shanghai and is now consulting for Brooklyn Bicycle, designing new products and visiting factories. "He's been our eyes and ears to design and enhance our product portfolio," says Zagata.
Embrace Collaboration
Like many other Brooklyn-based entrepreneurs, Zagata says he feels kinship and collaboration with other entrepreneurs in the borough, who look for ways to help one another, whether it's carrying their tote bags and swag in stores or assisting with word of mouth: "I always say, and this may not be accurate, but had our business started in Manhattan, I think there's a little bit more of a cutthroat element in the city, and I don't know that people would have been as welcoming or open as they have been in Brooklyn."
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Pay Attention to What You Can Control
One unavoidable truth about the bike business: it's seasonal. Brooklyn Bicycle Co. does 65% to 70% of its business between April and July. To cope, they are focusing on growing their dealer base in warm-weather states like Florida and Texas. "We don't need to be a $100 million business," he says, noting that they've been 100% self-funded. "I prefer to grow slow and let the market dictate where we go."
But Don't Forget About the Competition
Since the launch, the online bike business has boomed with an influx of what Zagata says are "very cheap, arguably dangerous bicycles" that have flooded the online market. "In any industry the barrier to entry continues to get lower and lower and lower," says Zagata, who notes that now anyone with $30,000 can order a container of bikes from China, design a cool logo, and start selling. And while those bikes might photograph well, they're likely subpar, with single-wall rims, copper piping frames, and non-stainless steel components.
Brooklyn Bicycle often fields calls from people who get burned by a cheap online brand. While you can also buy Brooklyn Bicycles online, they're shipped not to your house but to a local bike shop where they're professionally assembled, greased, and adjusted. Zagata is focusing on getting that message out, telling their story about what sets them apart from the $199 bikes that might look similar. "A bicycle is not a shelf," he says. "If it's assembled improperly or if it's poor quality, someone can get seriously hurt or injured."
The Willow model in Columbia blue
Hit Social Media Hard
Brooklyn Bicycle's 7,300 Instagram followers aren't just scrolling past pictures of frame and helmets, instead glimpsing the bicycling lifestyle. Zagata is quick to give praise to his marketing team and social-media consultants who pushed him to think beyond cliched bike photos and advertise the borough instead. Which restaurants and galleries could cyclists get to via bikes? Thinking of the company as a lifestyle brand and not merely a product shop has been vital to growing the business.
Welcome to Hollywood
While Zagata is mum on whether any of Brooklyn's famous denizens are customers, he shares that his bikes have made big-screen debuts, with appearances in Spike Lee's films, a key role in Glee and, perhaps most memorably, in Nancy Meyers's film The Intern, in which Anne Hathaway rode one of the models through her character's hip start-up office. "As cool as it is, [being in a film] doesn't give you that huge revenue bump," he says, though it does make for a nice Instagram.
In the movie The Intern, Anne Hathaway's character pedals her Brooklyn Bicycle across the office (Photo by Francois Duhamel/©Warner Bros./Courtesy Everett Collection)
Share Ideas Early and Often
What might resonate most with early-stage entrepreneurs is Zagata's philosophy on starting a new business: "I always say that there's no such thing as new ideas. I think everything's a version of something else. So if you do have an idea for a business, I encourage people to share it and get feedback and let people challenge you." What he calls "socializing" your ideas doesn't mean people are going to steal it. "People are inherently good. They don't have ill intentions, and the more you socialize [your idea] and tell people about it, that's how you really build a business that's valuable."
Don't Try to Crystal Ball the Future
Brooklyn Bicycle Co. operates in a constantly evolving industry. And now that the online bike segment is growing rapidly, their website is, in essence, their storefront, and needs to evolve to fulfill that purpose. Bike shares are also adding rapidly to the landscape. In 2012, CitiBike didn't exist yet, popping up in New York City in May 2013. Staying flexible, keeping the business lean, and listening to customers takes priority over trying to anticipate the shifting landscape. As Zagata says, "We just want to put a great product out there that customers like and appreciate and want to tell their friends about."
Kara Cutruzzula is a writer living in Fort Greene. Her articles, essays, and plays can be found here.
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Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce CEO is leaving after just eight months on the job [Brooklyn Daily Eagle]
Andrew Cuomo speaks with Jeff Bezos, hints of 'other ways' to clear path for Amazon's return [New York Times]
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NYC Ferry will debut Brooklyn Navy Yard stop in May [Bklyner]
Gage & Tollner to reopen in original Downtown Brooklyn location [Brooklyn Daily Eagle]
Spotify is in talks to buy Brooklyn-based Gimlet Media for more than $200 million [Recode]
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The 566 MHz Celron PC that I setup in year 2000 is still good and running. The only problem was it got very hot after prolong usage. It occasionally hung for unknown reasons. I was guessing it is due to overheat. I changed its power supply with a 450W Blossom power supply. The new power supply has a much stronger fan. The old PC casing is no longer as hot as before installing the new power supply.
At the same time, I installed a USB 2.0 PCI card with 4 USB port in the PC. And I bought a new Logitech black keyboard for it.
My old PC is now running like a brand new power horse. He he.
Father-in-law called the DLink service center regarding the signal strength. The lady suggested to set the router transmission channel to channel 11. Accordingly that is the channel with the best signal strength. This is new to me. But it does improve the signal strength.
Father in law bought a DLink DWL G510 wireless network card for the AMD K6-2 500 PC. Surprisingly, it works well. The only problem is the signal strength. The PC is located too far away from the wireless router.


Working on Barbie Clothes for my niece using various patterns and then modifying them to create outfits.My DD created a quicker short pattern to go w/ each set…..
This projects have been perfect for me to learns pattern but to use up scrap yarn and smaller tinier hooks.
Attached our the patterns I used to get these…Shout out the creator of these original pattern. Thank you for sharing them for free..


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Springing Into Track Season At NHS
By ANDY HUTCHISON
By Kelley Baylis
Newtown High School's boys' and girls' outdoor track and field teams are racing into the 2012 spring season, the girl's team being led by Coach Doug Russell, and the boys team led by Coach Daniel McIlrath.
The captains leading the girls' team include seniors Erin Begg, Stephanie Clavette, Lauren O'Connell, and Kyra Murray. The boys' team includes senior captains, Dieter Gutbrod, Jordan Hensel, Peter Kerns, Brandon Capaldo, John Hampford, along with junior captains, Anthony Paggett and Ralph Stroccia.
Although the squads have lost some valuable athletes that graduated in 2011, this does not stop the Nighthawks from keeping their heads up high and going for first place. Some key participants lost this past year are John Wlasuk, a shot-put and discus thrower who won conference and state crowns. Wlasuk is currently a freshman thrower at the University of Connecticut.
Fellow 2011 graduate Lauren Pettinelli competed in the hurdle events, such as the 100 meter, where she placed 11th in the state. Pettinelli is currently at Sacred Heart University, running for the school's Division I track and field team.
At last year's South-West Conference championship, the boys' team placed second, while the girls placed fifth. Facing more difficult competition at Class LL state championship, the boys took eighth, and the girls placed 12th. At the State Open, the girls' team was not among the 64 teams to place at the meet, while the boys took fifth place. The girls' team, however, was represented by Cerney, O'Connell, and Lauren Pettinelli. For the boys, John Wlasuk pulled in 64 points.
With the large increase of incoming freshman, plus the return of many standouts, both coach Russell and McIlrath have high hopes for the teams.
"We work hard just like every other team to get ready for the start of our season. Yet, our training requires a little bit more technicality when looking in the long run," McIlrath said. "We are not looking to be the fastest at the first meet. We are looking to be the fastest at the end of the season. Right now we are building a foundation to prepare our bodies for being at our best when it really counts."
There are many boys who are returning from previous seasons, including standout distance runner Jake Feinstein. They all have individual goals, but also come together to share team goals. "The boys would really like to take an SWC championship this year. We have been steadily improving over the last couple of seasons. A second-place finish last year has really set the stage for their drive this season. Whether we win SWC championship or not, I would like to increase the number of athletes we have qualify for SWCs" McIlrath said.
Kerns shared his goals for the upcoming season. "My personal goal for this season is to get All State. I would love to have my name on one of the banners in the gym. The goal for the boys' team this year is to take the SWC conference championship, Newtown High school has never won it for boys' outdoor track, and this year we have a very good shot at it. It is pretty early in the season to pick out any major improvement we have to make, but right now I would say just make sure the team's morale stays high as we get ready for our first meet."
For the girls' team, Russell used tryouts as a way to set the standards and show the incoming team members what track is all about. "A lot of people don't think track is hard. They think they can walk onto the team, but they soon realize how difficult it is. There are time standards set for each grade," Russell explained. "We hope to have a very strong season and end up as one of the top contenders in the conference. I would also love to see a good show at the State Class Open meet and strengthen our SWC team."
Similarly to the boys' team, there are many returnees from previous years and seniors are back for the spring season. Some of the toughest returnees include senior Abby Blakeman, junior Cerney who runs mid-distance events, along with O'Connell who pole vaults. Both girls hold school records and competed in championship meets.
"My goal for the outdoor season is to break the school's outdoor pole vault record and also break my outdoor triple jump school record. More specifically, my goal is to clear at least 12-6 for pole vault and 36 feet for triple jump," O'Connell said.
"Our team goal is to win the SWC championship meet. We placed second at SWCs in indoor this year, but I believe that Newtown can win with hard work and determination," O'Connell added.
The boys will open the season at home on Tuesday, April 10, and the girls, after beginning the season April 9 at Joel Barlow in Redding, will host their first meet at Blue & Gold Stadium on April 23.
'Color In Winter' On View At Newtown Municipal Center
First, Thank you for your service and Graduation from Annapolis is an achievement few can claim. However I must point out President Trump was not impeached for Witness Intimidation, Obstruction of Justice or Bribery. He was impeached for Abuse of Power and Obstruction of Congress. Neither of which are violations of either US Code or an article of the Constitution. (Even Treason, mentioned in the Constitution has to be specified in the US Code to be charged.) Many Constitutional Scholars, and jurists have trouble with the Obstruction of Congress as the Congress (House of Representatives) choose not to take this matter to the courts, (Nixon refused Congressional subpoena's until the Supreme Court upheld them and then he complied). The House is holding itself as the final arbiter and not in concert with the Supreme Court as was first said in Marbury v. Madison. Abuse of Power? He is not doing anything other Presidents have not. This is setting a bad precedent. There was earlier suggestions of violating the Emoluments Clause, which is covered by US Code. I cannot defend this Presidents personal behavior, he is a bully and a boor, but if that is an impeachable offense we are in serious trouble finding anyone qualified to serve in the future.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This triangle sounds clear as a bell and has a non-detachable loop to make playing easy.
Simply shaking these plastic castanets mounted on a handle creates a perfect castanet sound.
By holding the block and tapping gently, it creates a warm, rhythmic sound. Age 3 and Up.
This pair of red sticks has one long, ridged stick and one short, smooth one for all sorts of rhythmic music making.


Just by understanding life is built on duality, the most effective way of placing faith over fear is to know darkness serves the light. VA [via MA] lyricist Avrex joins forces with born again former Clipse member No Malice for this anti-nihilism visual, "Step Into The Light". The video was directed by Takem2Church, who filmed the duo in downtown Norfolk as the second single from Avrex's debut album "Growth" due for release this April. This song/video is a follow-up to last month's Nottz produced "Mobster 2" featuring Termanology & Krumbsnatcha, both are a refreshing antidote to the current drug rap scene.


a table. a lady is behind the table and -1 feet above the ground. the ground is tile. a wood wall is 2 feet behind the woman. 1st large plate is on the table.a fork is 0.1 feet to the left of the plate. it faces back. a steak is -1.1 feet to the left of and on the plate. it leans 5 degrees to the right.it faces back. 2nd plate is right of and -0.4 feet in front of the 1st plate. a pancake is -0.1 feet to the right of and -0.7 feet to the back of the steak. it is -0.3 inches above the plate. a egg is in front of the pancake and -0.2 inches above the plate. a 1 inch wide and 1 inch long and 0.3 inch tall yellow cube is on the pancake. a toast is on the 2nd plate. a cup is 3 inches behind the 2nd plate. a coffee pot is left of and in front of the fork. it faces right. a chair is left of and -0.1 feet left of the table. it faces right. a chicken is on the chair. a pig is under the table. the pig faces southwest. a [farm] art is -8 feet to the left of and 0.1 feet to the front of and -4 feet above the wall.
a man. a pizza is 4.2 feet above the ground and -1.3 feet right of the man. it is leaning 10 degrees to the front. a [glass] jukebox is 1 feet behind and left of the man. a [brick] wall is behind the jukebox. the ground is [wood]. a table is in front of the wall and right of the man. a chair is -0.5 feet left of the table and in front of the wall. it faces southeast. a blue plate sits on the table. it is -1.2 feet left of the table. a mug is behind and right of the plate. 1st green light is on the mug. a red light is in front of the jukebox. 2nd green light on the jukebox. a bottle is 2.3 feet above the ground. it is -0.6 feet left of the man.
The penguin is on a chair. There is a table in front of the chair. there is a plate on the table. a fish is on the plate. There is a chair in front of the table. it is facing the table. a penguin is on the chair.
there is a [taco] box. There is a man behind the box. The man is on the ground. the box is 2 feet above the ground. The sky is texture. the texture is 1000 feet tall. The ground is texture. the texture is 1000 feet wide.
translucent cauliflower is in the humongous translucent cucumber. its fruit is gold. the cucumber is in the translucent rose. the rose is 20 feet tall. it is in a humongous gold pinecone. The pinecone is upside down. the second rose is -10 feet to the right of the rose. it is 19 feet tall. it is silver. it is facing back. the lizard is 2 feet behind the pinecone. it is 13 feet tall. the 10 foot tall steel blue frog is 7 feet to the left of the pinecone. it is facing back. the 22 feet tall dragon is in front of the pinecone. it is facing back. the ground is a reflective ocean. the camera light is 2% lemon.


Is there really a huge App gap between WP and other platforms ? Being on both platforms (WP,iOS) I have no problem switching back and forth between the two since similar apps or functionality can be found on both platforms.
As we all know that perception is the biggest enemy of WP and most of it is ignorance about the platform. I picked a few common search terms on both platforms and the result is below. I would love to do an article on this, but for now, you be the judge.
Not really. I have all I the apps I need and more.
I think right now the app gap is more about the quality of the apps rather than the quantity. Example - Instagram on WP vs on iOS. The day we have apps which are par in terms of quality, then I think we can call the app gap done.
It depends on the actual app. Apple doesn't utilize third party apps, which is unfortunate when talking about instagram, because I think 6tag is better anyway. Face book beta,has a,better UI and better functionality. iOS does have WP beat since they simply have more quality apps, but its about what you use and the apps I use for WP do more than suffice.
Let's be honest here. As far as major official apps go, the app gap is closing. However, many of those apps are just cheap, poorly done ports from the other 2 platforms. Also, when it comes to niche apps or trying to find an app that does a specific task you want, WP is the last platform developers even think of (if even at all). The "there's an app for that" category is where WP falls behind. Hopefully as WP gain market share, this becomes less the case!
Apple app store is pathetic when you use simple search terms.
You need to know the name of the app you're searching for or look through the recommendation section.
An average user shall find WP platform sufficient for their needs. The use case for a photographer, a student, a traveler and others are well validated with already available apps in the WP Store, but only by the ones who actually use WP platform. MS for some reason continue to not do a good job at selling these use cases in their adverts/marketing. Yes, a National Geographic phographer used a Lumia and a nice video was shot, but perhaps a student editing a photo and uploading it to his favorite social media site in a few moments will have more impact. Similarly, a traveler using the UBER and Delta App to execute his travel plan will leave a better impact.
Pick up a photographer, traveler, student, entrepreneur, housewife etc. profile and target the WP marketing to them. Just because iOS and Android has hundreds and thousands of photography apps doesn't make them all good. A few quality apps that satify an average user profile will be sufficient, and WP already has potfolio of apps that suit different profiles.
I have also found iPhone 6 Plus camera to be inferior compard to Lumia 1520 and even 920. The low light result is just bad. Unfortunately, most major tech blogs compare iPhone to Samsungs and LGs and give it high marks. Talk about bias here !
MS need to accelerate focus on upcoming niche apps and courting upcoming startups and their niche apps so WP can establish the reputation of being innovative and forward looking. I personally never liked the Window Phone so something like "Lumia by Microsoft Mobile" might be the name refresh WP need.


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DEGREES AND PROGRAMS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ COURSE DESCRIPTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE UAF EXPERIENCE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UNDERGRADUATE --Applying for Admission --How to Register --Academic Regulations --How to Earn a Degree --Degree Requirements ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GRADUATE --Applying for Admission --How to Register --Academic Regulations --How to Earn a Degree --Degree Requirements ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UAF EXPENSES --Tuition --Fees --Paying Fees --Refunds --Financial Aid ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ HOUSING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ STUDENT SERVICES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CAMPUS RESOURCES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ RESEARCH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DEGREES AND PROGRAMS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ COURSE DESCRIPTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UAF REGISTER ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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American crooner, 6LACK has a message to share about Nasty C's new album Strings And Bling. In an Twitter post early today, 6LACK gave Nasty's chart-topping piece of art a gold medal.
Strings And Bling is currently still the No. 1 album on iTunes in the country, having enjoyed its first week at the top, and also dominating the iTunes charts alongside Drake.
The Jiggy Jigga replied to 6LACK tweet saying "God Bless you bro!!!".


Are you searching a pro to handle your broken spring repair request in Shakopee, Minnesota? Do you need an expert to adjust galvanized springs? For any service and both spring types, contact us. We will be happy to provide you with spring specialists for the service you want. The response of the techs is rapid and they are all trained to do any garage door springs repair in Shakopee. Don't lose time trying to find a pro yourself. We work with the best. Call us.
You only need to make one phone call to Garage Door Repair Shakopee MN to solve your spring troubles. Whatever you experience, there is a solution. But always remember that no spring is safe to handle yourself. Their components can cause injuries too. So whether you need to fix extension springs, replace pulleys, or take care of cables, always turn to us.
At our company, we only work with experts and go the extra mile to have a garage door spring repair specialist to your place quickly. No spring problem affords delays. The pros we work with know that and are prepared to come out in a hurry. Their vans are equipped and they bring the new spring if they are assigned to replace yours.
Ask our help no matter what you need. No extension and torsion spring repair is safe for people without experience to do. The pros we send you are insured and have been doing this job for years. They don't only prevent property damage but also injuries that might be caused should springs are not adjusted or installed correctly.
Remember that springs need all sorts of services. You can always depend on us to arrange quick garage door spring replacement but you can call us for any other service as well.
There are solutions to spring problems. A pro spring expert won't only provide the best solution to your problem but will also respond quickly and do the job in a safe manner. Do contact us when you are in search of a garage door springs repair Shakopee expert. We'll be delighted to help.


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Franz Seraph Thöne (* 4. Februar 1851 in Wewer; † 22. Juni 1906 in Düsseldorf) war ein deutscher Genre- und Porträtmaler.

Leben und künstlerischer Weg
Franz Seraph Thöne wurde als Sohn des Erbhofbauern Johann Thöne 1851 auf dem Stellbrinkhof in Wewer in Westfalen geboren. Nach der Lehre bei einem Dekorationsmaler in Paderborn verließ Thöne den elterlichen Hof und ging 1871 nach Düsseldorf, um dort eine Ausbildung in der Malerei zu machen. Er besuchte an der Kunstakademie Düsseldorf bei Karl Woermann den Unterricht in Kunstgeschichte, studierte Anatomie bei Zimmermann und vertiefte seine Fertigkeit in der Feinmalerei bei Max Volkhart. Gleichzeitig wurde er Schüler des Ateliers von Julius Geertz. Er rezipierte von dem Hamburger Maler technische Elemente der Ausführung, blieb jedoch auf der Suche nach ihm eigenen Themen und ging einen selbstständigen Weg.

In der Gruppe um Geertz traf er Rudolf Cronau, den Bildhauer Gustav Rutz sowie die Tier- und Jagdmaler Anton Schmitz und August Flinker, an die ihn eine lange Freundschaft band. Mit Gustav Rutz und August Flinker unternahm Thöne erste Studienreisen innerhalb Deutschlands, 1882 war er mit Geertz und Fritz Neuhaus dem Älteren in Antwerpen. Akademielehrer war er zu keiner Zeit, sondern arbeitete als freischaffender Maler. Zu seinen Schülern gehörten August Blankenstein, Paul von Merveldt und Joseph Kehren der Jüngere. Im Wesentlichen blieb er Autodidakt und entwickelte in der Nachfolge der Düsseldorfer Malerschule seinen persönlichen Stil. Er evozierte die schlichten Momente in den kleinen Szenen des alltäglichen Lebens, seine Sujets waren zunächst Kinder und Haustiere, er bemühte sich um eine künstlerische Darstellung des Unscheinbaren und suchte seinen Weg fern ab von Glanz und Mode. Eher konservativ orientiert wahrte er Distanz zu den neueren Einflüssen der französischen Malerei.

Er verfeinerte seinen Stil in der Harmonie der Farben, erreichte eine fotografisch genaue Wiedergabe der Textur bei Mensch und Materie, ging in seinen Darstellungen tief in die Psychologie der Themen. Thönes Bilder erreichten den Erfolg, einige mussten in mehrfacher Ausführung angefertigt werden und verliehen ihm einen gewissen Bekanntheitsgrad auch in England, Österreich und den USA. 1888 reiste er nach Rom mit dem Freund und Bildhauer Bruder Hugo Linderath OFM. Im Oktober 1882 heiratete Thöne Maria Vössing aus seinem Heimatort Wewer. Es gelang dem einfachen Bauernsohn aus Westfalen, mit dem Verkauf seiner Bilder mehrere Immobilien in Düsseldorf zu erwerben und seinen sieben Kindern eine akademische Ausbildung zu ermöglichen. Ein nachhaltiger Wohlstand wurde, bedingt durch Fehlinvestitionen und unzureichende kaufmännische Neigungen Thönes nicht erreicht. Er setzte in den 80er Jahren seinen Schwerpunkt hauptsächlich in der Porträtmalerei. Die Aufträge erhielt er von Adel, Klerus und Großbürgertum, es waren etwa achtzig Gemälde, die in diesen Jahren aufeinander folgten.

Thöne porträtierte Hermann von und zu Brenken und dessen Frau Maria Gräfin von Haxthausen auf Schloss Wewer. In Düsseldorf entstanden die Bilder des Freundes und königlichen Hofbaumeisters Max Joseph Custodis und seiner Frau Elise, Tochter des Malers Ludwig Pose. Für die Familie des Kaufmanns und Unternehmensgründers Friedrich Wilhelm Börgermann erstellte er zwei Porträts. Er malte Luigi Canali da Parma als amtierenden Generalminister des Franziskanerordens, Adolph Freiherr von Eynatten und die Frau des Kommerzienrats Hubert Underberg aus Rheinberg. Für das Bildnis des 1835 in Düsseldorf geborenen Bernhard Wilhelm Vogts erhielt Thöne 1891 auf der internationalen Ausstellung in London das Ehrendiplom der zweiten Klasse in der Sektion Ölgemälde. Von seinem Interesse für das Schaffen zeitgenössischer Kollegen zeugt der Erwerb mehrerer Werke aus den Nachlässen von Johann Wilhelm Schirmer, August Flinker, Adolf Schmitz, Christian Köhler, Anton Schmitz, Johann Peter Hasenclever, Carl Wilhelm Hübner und Rudolf Jordan, mit deren Verkauf die Familie in späteren Zeiten gravierende Existenznöte abwenden konnte. Von 1884 bis 1903 war Thöne Mitglied des Düsseldorfer Künstlervereins Malkasten.

Gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts brach die Wirtschaftslage dramatisch ein, die Aufträge für kostspielige großformatige Porträts gingen zurück und Thöne arbeitete seit 1892 in der Kreuzbergkirche in Bonn Endenich, er restaurierte die Heilige Stiege mit ihren Deckenfresken von Johann Adam Schöpf. Er erhielt in diesen Jahren auch den Auftrag für die Kreuzwegstationen in den Pfarrkirchen in Buldern und Hövel. Diese Werke wurden unter Mitwirkung seines Schülers August Blankenstein ausgeführt. Man arbeitete hierbei nach Vorlagen anderer Künstler. Thöne nahm die Aufgabe dennoch an. Den Auftraggebern fehlten jetzt die Mittel, hochpreisige Originale bei ihm zu kommissionieren. Bei der Ausführung des Kreuzwegs für das Düsseldorfer Kloster der Schwestern vom armen Kinde Jesus arbeitete Thöne nach Vorlagen von Joseph von Führich. 1901 entstand für Friedrich Mathias Graf von Galen auf Haus Assen ein Marienbild nach einem alten Original von Burg Dinklage.

1903 erfolgte ein weiterer Auftrag des Grafen für das Gemälde eines segnenden Jesusknaben nach einem Stich von Ernst Deger. Nach Fertigstellung der Fresken in der katholischen Pfarrkirche in Gelsenkirchen-Rotthausen, wo Thöne 1904 sechzig Figuren und zwei große Wandbilder malte unter Mitwirkung seiner Schüler August Blankenstein und Hermann Richter, war er 1905 in Luzern und gestaltete dort für den Saal eines katholischen Jünglingsheims vier allegorische Wandgemälde zum Schweizerpsalm. Im Dezember desselben Jahres reiste er mit dem erblichen Reichsrat Joseph Graf Arco von und zu Zinneberg in die Vatikanstadt, wo der Graf mit dem Künstler den Vertrag über ein auf 7000 Mark dotiertes Jahresgehalt unterzeichnete für eine Gegenleistung von zwei Bildern. Während der Ausführung des lebensgroßen Gemäldes einer Immaculata laut Auftrag des Grafen für eine Kirche in München Solln starb Franz Seraph Thöne am 22. Juni 1906 an einem Schlaganfall. Es war Josef Kehren der Jüngere, der das Altarbild der Immaculata vollendete.

Werke
Wie mancher seiner Zeitgenossen arbeitete auch Franz Thöne als Maler mit dem damals neuen Medium der Fotografie. Diesem Umstand ist es zu verdanken, dass Abbildungen seiner längst zerstörten oder bis heute verschollenen Gemälde erhalten blieben. Die meisten seiner Bilder befinden sich im Privatbesitz.

Porträts
 Hermann von und zu Brenken, 1888
 Maria Gräfin von Haxthausen, 1888
 Königlicher Hofbaumeister Max Joseph Custodis
 Elise Custodis, geb. Pose
 Justizrat Dr. Heinrich Sobernheim, nach 1895
 Adolf Freiherr von Eynatten, 1900
 Aloysius Canali von Parma
 Frau Kommerzienrat Hubert Underberg, 1889
 Pauline von Mallinckrodt
 Joseph Hermann Schmidt
 Generalleutnant von Szczytinicki, 1886
 Oberst von der Lanken, 1887
 Hauptmann Charisius, 1900
 Frau Hauptmann Charisius, 1899
 Pater Ewald Fahle
 Bruder Hugo Linderath
 Johann Vössing, Schwiegervater des Malers
 Mädchen mit roten Haaren, 1895 / Nordfriesisches Museum. Nissenhaus Husum
 Dr. med. Franz Lücken, 1892 / Museum Kunstpalast Düsseldorf
 Friedrich Wilhelm Börgermann, 1887
 Friedrich Börgermann, 1888
 Bernhard Wilhelm Vogts, Medaille German Exhibition, London 1891

Genrebilder
 Kennst Du ihn? 1884
 Seifenblasen 1889
 Brotneid 1884
 Die kleinen Vogelfänger 1882
 Brennglas 1881
 Der kleine Baumeister 1879
 Die wilde Hummel 1880
 Der Freibeuter 1885

Religiöse Werke
 Madonnenbild / St. Antonius von Padua, Franziskanerkloster Blejierheide, 1887
 Mutter vom Guten Rat / St. Barbara, Mönchengladbach, 1890
 Heilige Stiege Bonn Kreuzberg, Restaurierungsauftrag, 1892
 Rex Regum, 1900
 Marienbild für Friedrich Graf von Galen, 1901
 Hl. Thecla / Franziskanerkloster Paderborn, 1902
 Hl. Antonius, Kreuzberg / Bonn
 Hl. Antonius von Padua / St. Anna Klosterkirche Düsseldorf, 1902
 Segnender Jesusknabe, 1903
 Christus am Kreuze / Franziskanerkirche Düsseldorf, 1904
 Hl. Crescentia / Rom
 Zürnender Christus / Jesuitenkirche in Luxemburg
 allegorische Wandgemälde zum Schweizerpsalm / Luzern, 1905
 Ausmalung der Pfarrkirche in Gelsenkirchen-Rotthausen, 1904–1905
 Kreuzwegstationen für die Pfarrkirchen Buldern und Hövel
 Kreuzwegstationen für das Klarissenkloster in Düsseldorf
 Immacolata/ München Solln, 1906

Literatur
 Wilhelm Thöne: Kunstmaler Franz Thöne, 1851–1906. Selbstverlag, Bad Soden.
 Wilhelm Thöne: Franz Thöne. Ein Düsseldorfer Maler des vorigen Jahrhunderts. In: Die katholische Welt. 44, Nr. 3, 1932.
 Wilhelm Thöne: Franz Thöne. Ein rheinischer Künstler des vorigen Jahrhunderts. In: Stadt Gottes. 59, Heft 2, 1935, S. 52–62.
 Wilhelm Thöne: Kunstmaler Franz Thöne aus Wewer (1851–1906). In: Die Warthe. 4, 1936, 6, S. 101.
 Siegfried Weiß: Franz Thöne. In: Hans Paffrath (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918. Band 3: Nabert–Zwecker. Herausgegeben vom Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf im Ehrenhof und von der Galerie Paffrath. Bruckmann, München 1998, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, S. 348–349.

 Kunstmaler Franz Thöne in Düsseldorf und seine Familie. In: Wilhelm Thöne: Geschichte der Familie Thöne Warburger Stammes 1282–1938. Selbstverlag des Verfassers, Bad Soden im Taunus 1938, S. 152–161.
 Franz Thöne. In: Der große Herder. 4. Auflage, Band 11, Herder & Co G.m.b.H. Verlagsbuchhandlung, Freiburg 1935, S. 1186.

Weblinks

 Stammbaum der Familie Thöne

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher
Porträtmaler
Person (Paderborn)
Genremaler
Maler (Düsseldorfer Malerschule)
Geboren 1851
Gestorben 1906
Mann
Maler (Düsseldorf)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to make decorator/descriptor managed attribute accept an iterable to eliminate code duplication? The code below is from this repo. It accompanies the book Programming in Python 3: A Complete Introduction to the Python Language (Developer's Library).
This part of the code shows using the valid_number decorator to enforce minimum and maximum values for the price and quantity of StockItem.
@valid_number('price', minimum=0, maximum=1e6)
@valid_number('quantity', minimum=1, maximum=1000)
class StockItem:

    def __init__(self, name, category, price, quantity):
        self.name = name
        self.category = category
        self.price = price
        self.quantity = quantity

In my case, I have a class with two attributes with the same constraints, so the decorators would look like:
@valid_number('price', minimum=0, maximum=1e6)
@valid_number('quantity', minimum=0, maximum=1e6)
class StockItem:
    ...

I'd like to be able to write something like...
@valid_number(['price','quantity'], minimum=0, maximum=1e6)

to apply the constraint to both attributes. I'm still working through all the nuances of decorators and descriptors, so I don't know if this is possible. The complete implementation of the descriptor and decorator are in the repo.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Experimental epistemology uses experimental methods of the cognitive sciences to shed light on debates within epistemology,the philosophical study of knowledge and rationally justified belief. In this first critical collection on this exciting new subfield, leading researchers tackle key questions pertaining to knowledge, evidence, and rationally justified belief. Advances in Experimental Epistemology addresses central epistemological issues such as whether subjects in high stakes situations need to possess stronger evidence in order to have knowledge;whether and in what respects knowing that p depends upon what actions one undertakes in light of p; how philosophers should respond to deep and pervasive disagreement about particular cases of knowledge and belief and the methodological challenges to epistemology that are presented by disagreement in epistemic intuitions.As well as moving research in epistemology forward, this cutting-edge volume helps define the future course of research in experimental philosophy.


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text:
China and Europe can build a new partnership out of this crisis
Lunes, 12/Dic/2011 Fu Ying The Guardian
The year 2011 will have a unique place in history for the dramatic changes in the global landscape and the world economy. The most frequently asked questions from my European colleagues are: "How does China see Europe?" "Where are China-EU relations going?"
Co-operation and partnership with Europe has been running through China's foreign policy for decades. This commitment remains strong.
China-Europe relations have come a long way. In the mid-1970s China's trade with the European Economic Community was a mere $2.5bn a year; with the 27-member EU it now totals $480bn a year. The EU has become China's top trading partner and premier source of technology and investment.
In the decade following China's accession to the World Trade Organisation in 2001, China imported more than $100bn worth of goods and services from Europe every year. This has created 1m jobs for Europe. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has looked to Europe to learn from its rich experience in governance and institution-building wherever applicable. President Hu Jintao told Herman Van Rompuy, president of the European Council, last May: "An economically stable and prosperous Europe is in the interest of China and the world."
Premier Wen Jiabao stressed that, no matter how the world changes, Europe will always be a strategic priority for China. In 2011, China and European countries exchanged visits more frequently and at higher levels. Our joint efforts to address the crisis have created a strong bond between Chinese and European leaders.
The EU has surpassed Japan as the top source of Chinese imports. According to the European Chamber of Commerce in China, 59% of European companies saw their profits in China grow last year and 70% have benefited from China's economic growth. And from January to July this year, China's direct investment in Europe topped $1bn.
As the European sovereign debt crisis deepens, the pessimists seemed to have won the day. The majority view in China, however, is to give Europe a vote of confidence. In China's eyes, Europe remains the strongest, most wealthy and best integrated region in the world, with enormous advantages to fall back on: advanced science and technology, high-quality human resources and the capacity to reform and innovate.
Europe has been through numerous crises in the past. Each time, it moved on and became stronger. We have every reason to believe that Europe has the wisdom, capacity and resources to overcome its problems through reform and readjustment. Closer European integration may be just around the corner.
An interesting debate has emerged about whether China can and will ride to the rescue of the euro. Some thought China should help Europe out. Others worry that China may put an exorbitant price tag on any rescue. Still others claimed that it would be humiliating to seek help from China.
Yet people in China ask: how can China, with a per capita GDP of $4,000, help Europe, whose per capita is higher than $30,000?
China has no intention of seeking advantages through financial manipulation. China has endeavoured to help, by contributing resources to the IMF, purchasing European bonds, increasing imports and expanding investment in Europe to support job creation and growth. We see this as being in the interest of China as well.
More trust and closer co-operation is what is needed for Europe and China. Fearmongering will only hinder the potential for co-operation. Europe needs to come to terms with the two opposing forces at play in its perception of China: one that calls for co-operation, and the other that spreads fear and suspicion. This is reflected in the European media's view on China. Such a conflict will only hinder Europe's capacity to forge a consistent and effective China policy.
Drifting apart will hurt both of us. Our best option is to turn the crisis into a fresh opportunity to build a new partnership, based on three pillars.
First, equality and mutual respect. It took the west 300 years to industrialise and build a mature society with strong institutions. And even now serious inequalities and social tension remain. For China, a country with a population twice that of Europe, industrialisation is still a work in progress. What we need from the Europeans is understanding and a historical perspective. China, for its part, will accept reasonable criticisms from Europe for its own improvement.
Second, a strong commercial partnership. In the next five years, China will import $8trn worth of goods and its annual outbound investment is projected to top $100bn. Farsighted European business leaders are making efforts to grasp these opportunities. We should make things easier for our investors.
Third, people-to-people exchanges. The China-Europe Year of Youth in 2011 has helped young people from different countries deepen their mutual understanding and forge bonds of friendship. Next year, China and Britain will celebrate 40 years of full diplomatic ties. As we launch a high-level people-to-people dialogue, we have a unique opportunity to raise our educational and cultural links to a new level.
Our world is destined to continue its profound changes. China and Europe are at the far ends of the Eurasian continent, yet our shared destiny is as solid as the vast landmass that joins us. It is incumbent on us to develop a stable, lasting and co-operative partnership to the benefit of our peoples and the whole world.
By Fu Ying, Chinese ambassador to Britain from 2007 to 2009. She is now China's first woman vice foreign minister in 37 years, covering Europe in the foreign ministry.
Este artículo se publicó originalmente en The Guardian.
Nota informativa: The Guardian es un diario británico fundado en 1821. Es necesario registrarse para poder acceder a todos sus contenidos, aunque se puede apoyar su trabajo con una contribución económica.
MundoAsiaEuropaUnión EuropeaPolítica ExteriorChina
Otros artículos de Fu Ying, de The Guardian o del 12/12/2011.
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So what the heck have I been up to? Simply seeking the Runes of Power.
So what the heck have I been up to? Simply seeking the Runes of Power. That's all.
Right, anyways, I've been working pretty whole-heartedly on updating the professional (web)face of Brainroot Light and Sound, LLC. I built the last webpage, which is up currently, back in '08 and it's fairly not good. Mainly it's the copy that needs to change, but there's a lot of graphical stuff I'm rehasing, and ALL of the back-end code was very poorly built. If you'll allow me to switch to my native tongue of Sarcasm I'll say, "Exciting. I know." But it's something that must be done. And you will benefit from it.
The point of this blog is movie making. The subtitle of this blog is "the lives and times of indie movie makers" and right now our indie movie maker lives are in hard times. Don't think we're not awares of the lack of creative production flowing forth from our hands. Don't think that I'm not aware of the hypocrisy that our current state of production, coupled with my last post's fervent statements "talk is cheap!" and "talk is bologna!" makes me nearly guilty of. But we don't have a 9-5 that supplies a reliable, budget-ible, savable stream of income that we can put towards makin' da movies. Every dollar we earn, we earn. And right now, we need to earn.
So I'm sorry, but at current all we have in the fridge is bologna. It doesn't fill us with joy either. Just don't be under any illusion that we think the bologna sandwiches we serve up are tasty homemade pizzas. We do know how to cook. Quite well. We just need to be able to afford proper ingredients. Stick with us.


The Middlesex Hospital Alliance (MHA) has earned a 2014 Quality Healthcare Workplace Award (Silver). This prestigious award from the Ontario Hospital Association (OHA) and the Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (MOHLTC) recognizes MHA's unwavering commitment to workplace health and wellness.
MHA is privileged to work with employees, volunteers, physicians and board members who realize and support the importance of personal and organizational well-being. "The award is a significant accomplishment for the MHA family as it represents external validation of our commitment to the ongoing development of a healthy workplace," stated Todd Stepanuik, President & CEO.
The Quality Healthcare Workplace Awards are adjudicated by a panel of quality workplace experts who complete a rigorous assessment process focused on drivers of employee and organizational health. "It is great recognition of our efforts related to health, safety and wellness at MHA", says Todd Stepanuik. "Having inspired People and Teams is one of our hospitals' strategic themes, and this award recognizes our ongoing commitment and considerable efforts that go into supporting that objective. I am proud of the entire MHA family who make MHA the quality workplace it is", highlighted Stepanuik.
"A quality workplace environment touches everyone who steps inside our two great sites, including patients and families", said Ken Williams, Board Chair.
"This is the second Quality Healthcare Workplace Award that MHA has received. In 2013, MHA was awarded a bronze workplace award. Creating a healthy workplace is a priority for MHA," Liz Kendall, Director HR confirmed.
The MHA was honoured and the award was presented on November 4, 2014 at OHA's HealthAchieve Conference in Toronto, and will be publicly displayed at both of the MHA sites.


It was a lovely summer day, and I was feeling lousy.
I headed to the beach, hoping that the sun would lighten the gloom.
The beach was glowing in golden rays.
But my mind boiled with unease. I sensed an imperceptible gaze.
Turning around, two bobbing heads appeared behind the rocks alongside a gazing camera.
Sick to my stomach, I put on all the clothing in my bag and moved my camp.
The five eyes followed me.
The uninvited eyes still trailed behind.
The sparkle of discomfort burst into a raging flame inside me.
I held their gaze in fury.
One of the young men came up to me.
I sat down defeated and rage oozed out of my eyes.
Suddenly a wet warm mass appeared on my thighs. It was a German short-haired pointer, he wanted me to throw his ball.
I couldn't muster up enough enthusiasm for it, but he just put his ball down and sat beside me, with his head in my lap.
The owner saw my wet face, called out to him, and threw another ball for fetching. But he didn't move an inch.
He only kneeled beside me, my tantrum, , my salty face, and sad heart. He stared into the horizon and held the weight of the moment when it was too heavy for me. I gently caressed his head and whispered, "I'm okay, thank you, I'm okay".
Do you have any stories of unconditional love from animals?
I had a cat named Atreyu. He was one of the most affectionate, loving, caring creatures I have ever met. He used to lay on my chest when I lay down anywhere and press his forehead into my chin.
Atreyu didn't like when people were sad or upset. If you were angry or crying he would come to you and put himself in your arms. Even if you were standing, he would take a leap and trust you to catch him. He would never put his claws out, he just trusted you wouldn't let him fall.
He was the greatest pet I've ever had, and I miss him dearly.
Awwwww that is so cute, cats are amazing. Wishing that he is resting peacefully. I really want to adopt kittens, but our landlord is not on board.
Awww. This is so nice Em, the umconditional love.
Animals keep surprising me, especially dogs.
AWWW cats are the cutest!
Love this… animals are so lovely and warm, especially dogs. 🤗 It's like they can sense that you need comforting and comfort, they will. My faith doesn't permit me to touch dogs but for some reason dogs either try to hug me or play with me. I really wish I could pet them.


text:
The women's team pursuit speed skating competition of the 2014 Sochi Olympics was held at Adler Arena Skating Center on 21 and 22 February 2014. The distance was 2,400 metres.

Qualification
A total of eight teams of three or four speed skaters could qualify for this team event. The top 6 of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's team pursuit standings after the World Cup race in Berlin secured a spot in the Olympics. Of the teams outside the top six, the United States and Norway qualified based on the time ranking. Russia would still have qualified as hosts if they had failed to make the list, but their sixth place in the World Cup standings secured a spot outright. A reserve list was also made.

Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

At the 2013 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships the track record was at 3:00.02 by the team of the Netherlands consisting of Marrit Leenstra, Diane Valkenburg, and Ireen Wüst.

The following records were set during this competition.

OR = Olympic record, TR = track record

Results

Bracket

Quarterfinals
The quarterfinals were held on 21 February.

OR = Olympic record, TR = track record

Semifinals
The semifinals were held on 22 February.

OR = Olympic record, TR = track record

Finals
The finals were held on 22 February.

OR = Olympic record, TR = track record

References

Women's speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics


text:
Upon receiving a mysterious letter that her mother's grave site has been vandalized, Marie quickly returns to the isolated offshore island where her late mother is buried. When she...
Upon receiving a mysterious letter that her mother's grave site has been vandalized, Marie quickly returns to the isolated offshore island where her late mother is buried. When she arrives, she discovers that the island is closing for the offseason with the bridges raised until Spring, leaving her stranded. One strange interaction with the local townspeople after another, Marie soon realizes that something is not quite right in this small town. She must unveil the mystery behind her mother's troubled past in order to make it out alive. – NOT RATED
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Does estrogen cause anxiety?
A: The fluctuation of estrogen and another key hormone, progesterone, in your body can cause feelings of anxiety or depression. But frequent, troubling high anxiety or panic attacks are not a normal part of menopause. Some women develop a panic disorder during menopause.
How does estrogen affect behavior?
Estrogen signaling affects aggressive interactions, as well as several behaviors that are closely linked with aggression, including sexual behavior, communication, and learning and memory.
What are 2 types of neurotransmitters?
In this lesson, we'll look at the two main types of neurotransmitters, inhibitory and excitatory, including the functions and examples of each.
Does estrogen cause anger?
The hormonal changes of menopause, combined with its side effects, can have a significant impact on your mood. It's not out of the ordinary to experience mood swings, sadness, and even rage during this time. In fact, one study found that for 70 percent of women, irritability is the most common symptom.
What are the main neurotransmitters?
There are more than 40 neurotransmitters in the human nervous system; some of the most important are acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, serotonin, and histamine.
How do neurotransmitters influence neurotransmission?
A neurotransmitter influences a neuron in one of three ways: excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory. An excitatory transmitter promotes the generation of an electrical signal called an action potential in the receiving neuron, while an inhibitory transmitter prevents it.
Can stress affect hormones?
Stress can lead to changes in the serum level of many hormones including glucocorticoids, catecholamines, growth hormone and prolactin. Some of these changes are necessary for the fight or flight response to protect oneself.
What does too much estrogen feel like?
Symptoms of high estrogen in women swelling and tenderness in your breasts. fibrocystic lumps in your breasts. decreased sex drive. irregular menstrual periods.
What are the 3 main neurotransmitters?
The major neurotransmitters in your brain include glutamate and GABA, the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters respectively, as well as neuromodulators including chemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and acetylcholine.
What is considered a stress hormone?
Cortisol, the primary stress hormone, increases sugars (glucose) in the bloodstream, enhances your brain's use of glucose and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues. Cortisol also curbs functions that would be nonessential or detrimental in a fight-or-flight situation.
What are the 4 major neurotransmitters?
Four neurotransmitters come under the chemical classification of biogenic amines. These are epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin.
Which neurotransmitter causes anxiety?
Excess norepinephrine may trigger anxiety. Most neurons that release norepinephrine are located in the locus ceruleus, a part of the brain that may induce anxiety when it malfunctions. Norepinephrine is also involved in some types of depression. Serotonin helps regulate mood, sleep, and appetite, and inhibits pain.
What are the similarities and differences between neurotransmitters and hormones?
Neurotransmitters and hormones are similar because they are both picked up by receptors and they are both chemicals. A difference is that neurotransmitters are still using an electric charge to be sent and hormones are triggered chemically. Another difference is that they interpret target cells in a different way.
What hormone is released during fear?
Fear hormones are secreted by the adrenal gland, an endocrine gland located on top of your kidneys. The fear hormones circulate through the bloodstream to all cells of your body. The effect of adrenaline (also called epinephrine) is similar to the effect of the sympathetic nerve action.
Does estrogen calm anxiety?
Estrogen is known to calm the fear response in women. 3 Specifically, research has shown that women trained on a fear-extinction task do better when the level of estrogen in their blood is higher.
Are all hormones neurotransmitters?
Hormones: Hormones are found in both plants and animals. Neurotransmitters: Neurotransmitters are found only in animals. Hormones: Hormones belong to the endocrine system.
How do neurotransmitters influence behavior AP Psychology?
Each neurotransmitter travels a designated path in the brain and has a particular effect on behavior and emotions. Ace tylcholine affects muscle action, learning, and memory. Endorphins are natural opiates released in response to pain and exercise. Drugs and other chemicals affect communication at the synapse.
What do different neurotransmitters do?
Neurotransmitters have different types of action: Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage a target cell to take action. Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the chances of the target cell taking action. In some cases, these neurotransmitters have a relaxation-like effect.
How do you explain neurotransmitters to children?
Neurotransmitters are special chemicals that your nerve cells, or neurons, use to talk to each other. They are released from the axon terminal of one neuron into a synapse, which is a gap between neurons. Receptors on the dendrite of a nearby neuron pick up the neurotransmitter and the message is sent.
Which hormones are also neurotransmitters?
For example, vasopressin and oxytocin, two peptide hormones that are released into the circulation from the posterior pituitary, also function as neurotransmitters at a number of central synapses. A number of other peptides also serve as both hormones and neurotransmitters.
How do hormones influence behavior?
Generally speaking, hormones change gene expression or cellular function, and affect behavior by increasing the likelihood that specific behaviors occur in the presence of precise stimuli. Hormones achieve this by affecting individuals' sensory systems, central integrators, and/or peripherial effectors.
Which hormone is responsible for sadness?
Serotonin: the happy neurotransmitter Serotonin levels have also been implicated in seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
What two effects might neurotransmitters have?
The two effects that neurotransmitters have are inhibition or excitation.
What are examples of neurotransmitters?
Here is a list of some of the most common neurotransmitters discussed in neuroscience.
Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine (Ach) was the first neurotransmitter discovered.
Dopamine.
Glutamate.
Serotonin.
Norepinephrine.
Other Neurotransmitters.


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Home»Education»Tired of turmoil, Kiel residents rebuke far-right school officials – WisconsinWatch.org
Tired of turmoil, Kiel residents rebuke far-right school officials – WisconsinWatch.org
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Rebuking far-right officials who last year gained control of their school board, concerned residents of Kiel, Wisconsin, this month clawed back political power by blocking the ouster of a popular superintendent.
Two members subsequently resigned from the Kiel Area School District board, returning the usually seven-member body to a moderate majority — at least temporarily.
It's the latest chapter in a saga that last spring erupted into bomb threats and left some feeling their northeastern Wisconsin community, population 4,000, had been "hijacked by something bigger."
With his contract set to expire, Superintendent Brad Ebert faced scrutiny from a small but vocal group called Tri-County Citizens for Education. In 2022, the group pushed restrictions on certain library books, sought to block anti-racism training and helped flip the school board to a majority that criticized efforts for racial equity and LGBTQ rights.
Concerns that the board would oust Ebert spurred residents to pack the Kiel Performing Arts center for a Jan. 4 meeting. So many attended that district officials moved the meeting from the high school library. Nearly all 26 residents who shared comments called for Ebert to stay, with many blaming the board for Kiel's recent political turmoil.
Ebert's supporters pointed to balanced budgets, the high-fives he gives students walking into school, his attendance at basketball games and other school functions.
"He just never turns off. He's 100 percent for kids, all of the time," middle school band teacher Becky Marcus told Wisconsin Watch. "I couldn't be apathetic and assume someone else would stand up for him."
After facing the public outcry, the board unanimously voted to renew Ebert's contract. Board member Jamie Henschel, a Tri-County Citizens ally elected in April, concluded the meeting by resigning, citing unspecified bullying and harassment from board members.
"We need to lose the hate. If you think we are setting a good example for our children in this community, we are not. We are showing them how to divide a community," Henschel told his board colleagues.
Board members also agreed to discuss removing board president Randy Olm, who was aligned with Tri-County Citizens, at the following school board meeting. Olm resigned days later, pointing to health concerns. He did not respond to questions from Wisconsin Watch.
The remaining school board members must now appoint two new members.
"Let me be clear, I love working here," Ebert said in a written statement after his contract was renewed. "I promise to continue to do whatever is needed and whatever is best for ALL students, families and staff to ensure the Kiel Schools are welcoming, supportive and safe for all."
Ebert remains in his job as partisan culture wars spur an exodus of the superintendents at public school districts in Wisconsin and elsewhere.
In Hartland, 20 miles west of Milwaukee, Arrowhead Union High School District Superintendent Laura Myrah announced in December her plans to retire in August, citing the increasing politicization of schools. Less than 30 miles from Kiel, Manitowoc Public School District Superintendent Mark Holzman left his position last year after backlash to COVID-19 protocols and misperceptions that the school was teaching critical race theory led to efforts to remove him.
Tri-County Citizens ratcheted up most of the pressure on Ebert. Seeking to block "woke ideology" and lessons on racial justice, the group helped elect like-minded school board challengers last April by canvassing, producing campaign videos and creating a political action committee to raise funds.
Matt Piper, a Tri-County Citizens leader who plans to run for a school board seat in April's election, declined to be interviewed for this story.
"As exemplified by your writings regarding Kiel, you sir have shown yourself to be an intentional promoter of partisan lies and deception," he told a Wisconsin Watch reporter. "I pray daily for the conversion of all hearts in your ilk."
In a previous interview, Piper described Tri-County Citizens as "just concerned citizens reaching out to our neighbors."
David Voss, a resident whose two children attended Kiel schools, believes the group saw Ebert as a barrier to its goals.
"What nobody said publicly is the real reason Tri-County Citizens don't want Dr. Ebert as superintendent: He was in the way of their agenda," he said. "Ebert is anything but a sock puppet. He is a leader."
The campaign resembled far-right efforts to reshape schools nationwide — fueled by a cocktail of political tribalism, COVID-19 anxiety, false claims of election fraud and racial tensions following the Minneapolis police murder of George Floyd.
Tri-County Citizens criticized Ebert for launching a 2022 investigation into the alleged sexual harassment of a transgender student by three middle school boys.
If you value news from Wisconsin Watch, make a tax-deductible donation today so we can continue doing statewide investigations that matter to you.
Under a federal law called Title IX, schools must investigate allegations of sexual harassment. After a teacher documented a complaint, the boys' parents, along with the conservative Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty, pushed what they later acknowledged was an incomplete narrative to the media: that the boys mistakenly used the wrong pronouns to address the transgender student.
While the story ricocheted across news media nationwide, an anonymous emailer threatened to blow up Kiel and warned the threats would continue until the district dropped the investigation. The threats spanning nine days prompted Kiel officials to pivot to online classes for the remainder of the school year, cancel the Memorial Day parade and halt in-person government meetings.
As fear enveloped Kiel, the school board abruptly closed the harassment investigation. Civil rights advocates said the move sent a chilling message to school districts that protecting transgender students could put them in danger.
Tri-County Citizens members also pressured Ebert to account for the handling of a separate probe into the bullying of a Black high school student, Armond Wempner, who faced ongoing racial harassment before transferring to a neighboring school district in 2020.
As Wisconsin Watch detailed in October, the Wempner family filed a federal lawsuit against the district, alleging it violated Armond's civil rights by failing to appropriately address racial hostility.
Despite deep concerns about the way the school district handled the case — including Ebert's early role — Amy Wempner, Armond's mother, supported the superintendent at the Jan. 4 meeting and largely faulted the school board.
"The federal complaint was not filed because of Brad Ebert. If you are looking to place blame for that complaint, look elsewhere," she told the board.
Wempner told Wisconsin Watch she believes the board hampered Ebert's response to racial bullying by slow-walking compliance with a legal settlement that required educating staff and students about responding to racism and harassment.
Wempner said she felt compelled to support Ebert after his critics sought to use her family's lawsuit to justify his outster. In December, the Wempners and the school district settled the lawsuit, with each party agreeing to undisclosed terms.
In campaigning to reshape the school board, Tri-County Citizens seized on wedge issues surrounding gender identity and cast children as victims of a reverse-racist plot to reshape Kiel using critical race theory. Sometimes called CRT, the academic concept asserts white supremacy from America's past lives on in its laws and institutions, shaping today's racial disparities.
Tri-County Citizens sought to prevent schools from implementing the anti-racism training required by the Wempner settlement, alleging the exercise would promote CRT.
The group falsely alleged schools were providing students with access to pornography. That claim later enveloped the public library, with one member calling public library staff "perverted."
Tri-County Citizens unsuccessfully sought to restrict access to two public library books. One, "Making a Baby," deals with pregnancy; the other, "It's Perfectly Normal," contains illustrations of human anatomy, gender and sexuality.
Such arguments found traction among Kiel voters last spring. But some residents say the outrage politics have worn thin.
"There are a lot of people in the area who are truly more conservative. They've lived in this community for a long time and like to see things stay the same," said Eli Shaver, chair of the Calumet County Democratic Party.
"But I think the extremism of the rhetoric and the subsequent bomb threats really caused a lot of those people to reconsider the positions of the people they had initially voted for, to the point where I don't think those people will ever be snowed again."
Jude Allen, a parent of two children in the district, said hostile rhetoric and misinformation prompted her to publicly support Ebert.
"I can say without hesitation I am one of many who would have remained quiet if these extremists hadn't started spewing defamatory filth against our teachers and librarians," Allen said.
The possibility that these dynamics would oust Ebert represented a local tipping point, said Shane Konen, who with his wife helped organize a group called Best For Kids to encourage more tolerance in Kiel.
"Until now, a lot of the political stuff in the community has been dealing in abstractions," Konen said. "But this was about a real person that everybody knew and liked, with the exception of a select few, and that made the issue real for people."
On Jan. 18, the remaining school board members elected Dan Meyer as their new president. He said he looks forward to refocusing on education issues. But he considers the last two years of rancor lost time.
"What if all this time talking about CRT and false allegations of pornography in schools, about indoctrinating students, what if all that time was used for something positive — like having parents and grandparents reading to young students?" he said.
"We've wasted staff members' time, we've wasted board members' time. Now the hard work begins."
The nonprofit Wisconsin Watch (www.WisconsinWatch.org) collaborates with WPR, PBS Wisconsin, other news media and the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Journalism and Mass Communication. All works created, published, posted or disseminated by Wisconsin Watch do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of UW-Madison or any of its affiliates.
Republish our articles for free, online or in print, under a Creative Commons license.
For questions regarding republishing rules please contact Andy Hall, executive director, at [email protected]
by Mario Koran / Wisconsin Watch, Wisconsin Watch
This article first appeared on Wisconsin Watch and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.
Mario Koran reports on education, immigration and issues affecting communities of color. Most recently, Koran was a 2021 Knight Wallace reporting fellow at the University of Michigan. Previously, Koran served as a west coast correspondent for the Guardian US and spent five years covering education for Voice of San Diego, where he was named the 2016 reporter of the year by the San Diego Society of Professional Journalists. Since leaving an internship with Wisconsin Watch in 2013, Koran's work has appeared in The New York Times, The Appeal, and the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, among others. Koran holds a BA in Spanish literature and MA in journalism from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
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The Week Behind Us and the Week(s) Ahead of Us – With about five weeks remaining in the legislative session, it was a busy week in both chambers at the Capitol.
On April 15, the Senate passed SB 2 by Chairman Paul Bettencourt (R-Houston), the Senate's property tax bill, with a final vote of 18-12-1. SB 2 remains a top priority bill for Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick, but support had stalled over the last two months as members considered the impacts to counties and other local governments.
You are invited to participate in a TAC tradition to celebrate County Government Day on Tuesday, April 30. Please join us for an informal barbecue luncheon with legislators and their staff at the Capitol.
The heat is turning up. As the 86th Legislature shifts into a higher gear, TAC is hosting Tuesday Morning Breakfasts each Tuesday to keep county officials on top of the latest out of the pink dome.
Take Action Now. We encourage you to share your county story. Please call your state senator and state representative to let them know the effect this legislation would have on the services you provide your county and community.
The Week Behind Us and the Week(s) Ahead of Us – The big rollback bill ran into some choppy seas, state leaders are pushing a sales tax increase to buy down property taxes, and the budget is headed to conference committee, as usual.
Yesterday, floor debate on HB 2 was postponed until this Monday, April 15, and SB 2 was not considered although it can be called up at any time. Your diligence in contacting lawmakers to explain how these bills threaten essential county government services has made a difference.
The Week Behind Us and the Week(s) Ahead of Us – The House passed a major school finance reform bill, a House committee heard about getting rid of the Driver Responsibility Program, and sheriffs worked on jailers, jails and training.
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The Cost of County Government: 2018 Unfunded Mandates Survey is now available online. This first-of-its-kind survey highlights the costs of Texas county government and details the growing financial impact of unfunded and underfunded mandates on county budgets.
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The Senate Committee on Intergovernmental Relations (IGR), chaired by Sen. Eddie Lucio (D-Brownsville), met Monday, Mar. 18 to hear several bills on public improvement districts and others related to emergency management and hurricane preparedness.
Tarrant County Judge Glen Whitley recently presented Five Ways to Lower Texans' Property Taxes during a hearing before the House Ways and Means Committee on House Bill 2. These options could provide real property tax relief for county property taxes.
Several high priority House bills relating to disaster relief have been filed and heard in committee hearings recently.
On Feb. 14, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers formally published a revised "Waters of the U.S." rule that clarifies the types of bodies of water that are subject to federal jurisdiction under the Clean Water Act. The proposal would replace the initial regulations adopted in 2015, which have been challenged in litigation.
On Jan. 24, 2019, Texas Commision on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Commissioners renewed the general permit to authorize stormwater discharges from small MS4s in the state.
The Week Behind Us and the Week(s) Ahead of Us – It was a race to the finish line as lawmakers worked to file their bills before the March 8 deadline. More than 2,000 bills were filed this week alone. House Appropriators worked on the supplemental appropriations bill, backfilling money owed during the current biennium.


Croc Coulter works with an apprentice to revive the lost art of tātatau, traditional tattooing done with sticks and bone. So that's how they made such straight lines in geometric tattoos!
Why are (some) transhumanists such dicks?
In December on the forum biohack.me, there was a fascinating discussion entitled "Why are transhumanists such dicks?" What came out of it was this.
A body-modified memento mori from Jason Traeger, who maintains, with Martin Sprouse, a blog collecting unexected instances of the Black Flag Logo.


Personal injury refers to the harm inflicted on a person due to the culprit's negligence, reckless conduct, or intentional misconduct. A reckless driver can hit you or your car. A neighbor's dog can get loose and bite you. A maintenance crew in a store or office could forget to place a warning on the wet floor, causing you to slip and hurt yourself. Or a restaurant or a catering service company could serve spoiled food, causing you to suffer from food poisoning. If you have been a victim, you have the right to demand to be compensated for personal injury.
Whether you are the complainant or the accused, you need a lawyer to give legal advice and to represent you in court. Hire someone to prepare and submit the necessary documents and to defend you so that your case can be resolved quickly. Welcome to our website. We are a group of lawyers whose aim is to provide you with affordable legal services. We will represent you in court and do our best to make your case a success. Our legal firm aspires to establish a long-term and strong relationship with our clients and to give the best legal help to those who seek our services.


What does it mean to develop 'Orama' (vision) with regards to working in teams in a greek brewery.
In this article we explain how we entered the intercultural landscape on the basis of three separate models: (1) a model on cultural characteristics derived from Sherriton and Stern (1997), (2) the communication pyramid (Schein, 1999), and (3) a circle developed by Van Noort for the purpose of arranging change and learning interventions. We start out on our quest by enlarging our cultural awareness assisted by the five steps introduced by Walker (in Nijhof, 1994). The focus in this contribution is on the approach we took and the associated, underlying considerations.


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Adam Graham: Grieving an artist's loss in the Purple Rain
Loss of the music icon, and how we as a culture mourn the death of our most celebrated performers says a lot about us
Adam Graham: Grieving an artist's loss in the Purple Rain Loss of the music icon, and how we as a culture mourn the death of our most celebrated performers says a lot about us Check out this story on detroitnews.com: http://detne.ws/1WilYMb
Adam Graham, The Detroit News Published 12:08 a.m. ET April 23, 2016 | Updated 10:07 a.m. ET April 23, 2016
Prince and Beyoncé perform at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards at the Staples Center in Los Angeles in 2004.(Photo: Timothy A. Clary / Getty Images)
It usually starts with a report from TMZ that we all hope is false. It's just TMZ, right? But it's time we start learning TMZ is rarely wrong in these instances.
Hopeful denial then gives way to begrudging acceptance as more news reports roll in. Then come the flood of tributes and remembrances. It's a hyper-speed version of the seven stages of grief, remixed for our digital age.
The news of Prince's death hit with a wallop early Thursday afternoon, casting a purple haze over the week that we're still living inside. This one hurt, and it's going to continue to hurt. Prince was a titan, and he wasn't supposed to go this early.
Reports — led again by TMZ, the most powerful celebrity news outlet on the planet — paint the death as a drug overdose, though it will take a while for toxicology and autopsy reports to come back. But for now, there are the stories, the memes and the music that we use to pay tribute to the incredible artistry of Prince, one of the best to ever do it.
It's a familiar cycle, though Prince's death amplifies it because his footprint was so massive. We did it with David Bowie in January and with Michael Jackson in 2009, and on a smaller scale every time a celebrity of note dies.
Few of us actually knew Prince, but most of us felt a connection to his music. And that connection is why we mourn his loss.
Is it silly to grieve over the loss of a performer? Not at all. Musicians and filmmakers make art that touches us and helps us work through our own feelings about life. We associate certain songs and certain movies with feelings of happiness or sadness about the world we live in. Art helps contextualize our lives. It's only strange to mourn an artist's loss if you think it's also strange to feel.
Losing an artist is not by any stretch the same as losing a friend, a family member or a pet. Those losses are intimate and personal and become a part of us going forward. Artist and musician deaths are public, shared events that are mourned as a community. The grieving isn't as intense — you're probably not going to call in to work to take a few days off over the loss of Prince — but it's still valid.
That is why people came together to listen to Prince's music in the streets of New York, Minneapolis and even at the Majestic Café in Detroit this week. That is why people will be playing his music all weekend, all month and all summer long. That is why pretty much every artist that is currently on tour will be working a Prince song into their setlists.
His music meant a lot to a lot of people — both the artists that make music and the fans who consume it — and playing those songs is the best way to acknowledge that connection was felt and will continue to be felt through his music.
When an artist dies, especially one who had the impact of Prince, we don't just mourn their death. We also mourn the loss of what that artist meant to each of our lives.
So when TMZ posts of a shocking death, that's part of the reason we hope it's false. Because we know the grieving process is about to start all over again.
agraham@detroitnews.com
@grahamorama
Read or Share this story: http://detne.ws/1WilYMb
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After witnessing Team Rocket's attempt to capture Entei, a young trainer named Jade finds herself unwittingly tangled up in a plot involving rival factions vying for control of the team, with double agents on both sides and the looming threat of all-out war on the horizon.
A wild Haunter becomes infatuated with Lillie. Things spiral out of control from there.
This is my first story on here!
"Everyone is here!" They all had cheered, believing it to truly be the Ultimate of the Smash Brothers tourneys. Except, it wasn't.
The whole universe being eliminated wasn't much to celebrate.
Now left on his own, the lone hero, Kirby, must brave the mysterious new World of Light: facing "Spirits", rescuing his friends, and leading the force to take down Galeem.
They would not fail this time.
When fighting is cancelled and everyone except the Mario crew goes missing, everyone starts to wonder why.
Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Oneshots. I will take requests and suggestions. They may be fluff, angst, a ship, NSFW (Maybe) or anything. I may or may not choose a suggestion. This series is reliant on suggestions and requests, so please comment. I may also come up with ideas and put them here.


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Hans-Jörg Schwenk (ur. 24 listopada1959, zm. 1 czerwca 2020) – niemiecko-polski językoznawca, prof. dr hab.

Życiorys
Obronił pracę doktorską, następnie uzyskał stopień doktora habilitowanego. 18 kwietnia 2013 nadano mu tytuł profesora w zakresie nauk humanistycznych. Został zatrudniony na stanowisku adiunkta w Katedrze Teorii Języków i Akwizycji Językowej na Wydziale Lingwistyki Stosowanej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.

Piastował funkcję profesora nadzwyczajnego w Instytucie Germanistyki i Lingwistyki Stosowanej na Wydziale Humanistycznym Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej.

Był profesorem w Instytucie Neofilologii na Wydziale Humanistycznym Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Odznaczony Medalem Komisji Edukacji Narodowej

Zmarł 1 czerwca 2020. Pochowany w części prawosławnej cmentarza przy ulicy Lipowej w Lublinie (kwatera X-68-3).

Przypisy

Niemieccy językoznawcy
Odznaczeni Medalem Komisji Edukacji Narodowej
Wykładowcy Wydziału Lingwistyki Stosowanej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Wykładowcy Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Urodzeni w 1960
Zmarli w 2020
Pochowani na cmentarzu przy ulicy Lipowej w Lublinie
Polscy językoznawcy