We involve patients in clinical research (including clinical trials, working with clinical/academic units, tissue banks etc) putting the patient perspective and helping to improve clinical research. This, we believe, leads to better recruitment to clinical trials and faster improvements in treatments and outcomes for all cancer patients.
To enable patients to do this, we run study days where cancer patients meet academics and clinicians who work in cancer research at their centres of excellence. Our study days aim to raise the patients' level of clinical knowledge of new treatments, latest scientific developments, statistics, basic biology and to help the academics and clinicians understand the patients' perspective. The days also empower patients to speak as equals with the professionals as patient advocates. Our study days have also gained appreciation from clinicians and researchers who have found them of great value – they learn as we do –and we are mentioned in the breast clinical studies group review.
We work within the National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) framework to enable proper monitoring and review of our activity and value. We co-operate with UK cancer charities (some of us are members and volunteers for some of the charities), Most of our members are involved in the design and/or running of at least one clinical trial. We work as advocates at a strategic level (at the NCRI) with clinicians and clinical researchers in order to improve clinical research and outcomes for all cancer patients.
To find out how we work with researchers and to contact us please click here.
Some people have been kind enough to give us feedback about involvment in research and clinical trials. We would like to share some of those kind words.


Imagine being Sacramento Monarchs forward Rebekkah Brunson (pictured right by WNBA). You log onto the computer today, sign into Twitter and see what your friends are tweeting about. One is that your WNBA team has folded.
"Girl I found out looking at ur tweet.. im floored right now.. mann," Brunson (@twin1532) told former Monarchs center Chantelle Anderson via the social networking site at 11:34 this morning.
"I want to thank Sacramento for all the love!!! you have blessed us all," Brunson entered in another entry. She was a member of the Monarchs' 2005 championship team.
Monarchs general manager/coach John Whisenant broke the news to a Sacramento television station, stating the WNBA franchise was no longer part of the Sacramento Kings organization.
The Maloof brothers, Joe and Gavin, were dedicated owners who often attended games. They even spotted teams the past two years to play round-robin scrimmages in Las Vegas, staying at their posh hotel. But they also own the Kings, which are in financial trouble along with most of the NBA. The family is reportedly trying to move the Kings.
Turn on any game that LeBron and Kobe aren't playing in and the empty seats are startling. It's early — NBA attendance usually picks up in January. Yet, numbers are bad even for them. The Maloofs, who have been trying to get a new arena and have made bad decisions on the NBA end, are opting to focus on that end.
Whisenant said he was surprised at the decision.
"I am shocked!" he told the news station. "Joe and Gavin (Maloof) called me (Thursday) night and told me. I was kept in the dark like everyone else.
The WNBA said investors from the Bay Area are looking to purchase the team. But a source could not confirm if it's the same investors the league has been in discussions with for about four years. The Golden State Warriors have expressed passing interest, but have since nixed any idea of owning a WNBA team.
While the move looks bad, it's really not. Especially if the WNBA is swift in securing investors for the Monarchs. And my guess, given the Maloof's dedication, is that the league will because they didn't seem like the type of people to ditch the women.
But since 2003, when independent owners were allowed to purchase WNBA teams, there has been movement within the WNBA. So, Detroit moving to Tulsa, Houston folding, Atlanta adding another investor and Indiana being for sale shouldn't raise much concern.
The economy played a massive part. Yet, the fact that there are still people willing to buy-in is good. At least that's what you'll hear from Orender.
The WNBA owners haven't met to discuss the changes. They'll convene the first week of December and, if an owner has been found for the Monarchs, they'll decide changes in conferences for Minnesota or Tulsa. The Lynx are rumored to want to be in the East.
But there isn't much time. The league typically has it's schedule out by the second week of January. If a deal with a new Bay Area investor is close, they may budge. But, if an agreement is way off, you'll see the league drop down to 12 teams. And Tulsa would be in the West.
If there's a need for a dispersal draft, that would be late December. Same free agent rules would aply.


Great show and the Mary Jane Hooper track just does it for me - the voice, the groove, the drums.
that bacao rhythm & steel jonell cover is sick!
your show is fantastic... especially I've got what you want... my god! i need more funk parties over here in europe!
Great show as usaual. You guys are awesome!
SUP WEFUNK!! Yo Groove soooo glad you got Akalepse back in the studio! He last appearance was great and he always brings some gems for the mix. That lady demo sounds great, big ups once again to Wefunk and Truth & Soul Records.
DJs & GUESTS DJ Static, Professor Groove, DJ Akalepse / RECORDED July 18, 2014 / HOSTING PJ, Mike, Oliver & daduke. You can help too!


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Chemicals, reactions and enthalpy. Chemistry is, in the words of Walter White, the study of change. The science has long been appreciated as one of the oldest forms of study in existence – right back from the days of alchemists, where people tried to work out how to turn different things into gold. The riches, it seems, was highly tempting – so much so that people turned to chemistry to try and find it.
In modern chemistry, chemical mathematics and alcohols are all the staple, as the various technological advances throughout modern history have meant that, over time, we can study more and more. Nowadays, we're at the stage where chemistry and physics are blurring as scientists continue to redefine atomic structure and the make-up of atoms.
The Higher Education Career Services Unit (HECSU) compiled statistics last September about the graduates that came out of university in 2012 – all in all there were 3000 chemistry graduates. The breakdown of what students decided to do looks a bit like this:
38.3% of graduates had a full-time job within the 6 months after graduation. Part-time employment was 8%. Put simply, you're in pretty good standing to get a job if you want to when you're done.
Nearly as many graduates went into further study, with 34.1% finding some sort of postgraduate learning or research. It's quite an attractive option if you want to continue with a certain specialisation.
The unemployment rate stands at around 9%, roughly in line with the national average for all subjects.
All in all, it does seem that chemistry students have got an even match of employment prospects and the opportunity for further study. For those students who are considering further study, here are just a few ideas for you to think about….
Because many courses offer the option of becoming a Master of Science (MSc) and not just a Bachelor's degree, it does open up the door to getting a PhD – in fact, among chemistry graduates it is the most popular option for those who want to carry on studying, over 63% of further study entrants opt to become a doctor of a particular field.
Aside from that, both a Masters degree and PGCE are popular options – 14% of chemistry graduates decide to embark on a teaching career. Masters admissions are around 17% of graduates for chemistry, but because many first degrees allow you to become a Master anyhow, there isn't necessarily an advantage to go back to study for a separate MSc, unless you wish to change subjects.
Some of the popular PhD courses chosen were Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry and 'Synthetic Organic Chemistry' – I'm sure there is someone out there who could explain that one better than I can! For those who want to do MSc qualifications, a chemistry degree does open the door into environmental-type courses.
Chemistry is one of the more traditional subjects out there and is considered a fairly classical subject that is rather at the cutting edge – it carries a lot of practicalities in modern society without getting mathematical and theoretical like our physicist friends!
Chemistry is more than just mixing chemicals and involves an huge amount of complex and detailed research. Not only does this demonstrate that you are going to be good with projects over a long period of time, but it also shows that you can write long reports and effectively show off your findings. To an employer, this is a rather attractive quality to have.
As people get more and more concerned about different environmental challenges in society, it will be well-noted that chemistry graduates are going to become highly-demanded over the next few years. From energy challenges to disaster management, your knowledge, in some ways, is going to be rather unique.
Remember the oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico, courtesy of some BP equipment going wrong? Yes, managing that kind of disaster and the effects it will have on marine life can't just be left to marine biologists and the like, your understanding of oil and chemicals would be something that companies will like to have on board. Of course, large pioneering companies in the energy sector don't mind having a back-up plan in case something goes wrong. That said, many opportunities will be open to you as a chemistry graduate, even if a company had no safety protocols at all. There are so many modern solutions to energy needs that you'll find yourself working at the very forefront of modern technology and society's needs.
Get information on Chemistry tuition online.
The great thing about graduating with a chemistry degree is that it's quite a broad subject, with polymers and oils and alcohols all being included under that umbrella term. What makes it even better is that all of these subject areas carry big impacts on our modern society, so you'll find yourself with a lot of relevant experience in technology and theories you can apply everyday. Could this be one of the most practical subjects around?
Bearing the advantages of chemistry in mind, you will likely find yourself with a lot of different opportunities. Some of the ideas I found included:
Chemical Engineering – The design, development and creating of specialist and industrial chemicals is a very precise science, one that takes lots of planning and research. You could find yourself in pharmaceuticals or even in developmental areas looking at future building materials.
Biochemistry – If you've ever been to see a doctor or taken the unfortunate trip to the hospital, you'll likely have tests and samples done to diagnose a particular condition. Behind every group of doctors is a group of biochemists who analyse various samples of almost anything to come up with a definitive answer as to what's going on. Be careful, this might require you to have worked with biochemistry during your degree or as a postgraduate.
Pharmacology – Not just the work of chemical engineers, pharmacology concerns how medicines and drugs interact with the human body. Complex understanding of different molecular structures is something so essential to the success of the drug that you could find yourself literally changing someone's life.
Teaching and tutoring – Science, for many, was never the most interesting thing in the world. However, inspiring a group of students to become some of the future generation of chemists and scientists might just be one of the most rewarding things you ever do. If you're still a student, for example, why not do some chemistry online tutoring?
Do you know you can find a chemistry tutor on Superprof?
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More than 700,000 families living in council flats in Hong Kong will not have to pay rent for two months as the island tries to improve conditions for the poor.
Almost a fifth of Hong Kong's population now lives in poverty and campaigners have warned that this year's soaring food and housing costs have made the situation unbearable for many families.
In response, Sir Donald Tsang, the island's chief executive, outlined a package of measures to offer some relief, including free rent, free electricity, another £8 million of short-term food assistance, and subsidised transport for the elderly.
In his final policy address before stepping down next year, Sir Donald admitted that the island's "wealth gap, housing and ageing population" were the issues of "greatest public concern".
Many of Hong Kong's working poor have been reduced to living in "coffin homes", which can measure just six feet by four, and the waiting list for a council flat is some 150,000 families long.
In addition to helping low-income families, Mr Tsang, wearing his trademark bow-tie, promised to make it more affordable for middle class families to get onto the property ladder. The Hong Kong government has been fiercely criticised for not releasing enough land on the market in order to maximise the price of the lots it does offer.
Mr Tsang said a scheme to offer subsidised housing for sale would be relaunched and that 17,000 flats would be built over four years from 2016 for families who earn less than HKD30,000 (£2,458) a month. The flats, which will be roughly 500 sq ft, will cost some £120,000.
"We share the public's concern about rising property prices and the difficulty in buying affordable small and medium flats. The pressure is most felt by families whose household income exceeds the limits for public rental housing application but who may not be able to afford owning a flat," he said.


I'm working with some builds in Visual Studio Online which, right now, is basically Team Foundation Server 2015. As part of that, I wanted to do some custom work in my build script but only if the build was running in TFS.
Note that BUILDCONFIGURATION and BUILDPLATFORM are parameters to the Visual Studio Build task. You'll see that text right in the TFS build system dashboard.
The BUILD_BUILDNUMBER value is the one I'm the most interested in - that's what I can key off to set the assembly version. TF_BUILD seems to be what you use to determin if the build is running in TFS.


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Home » Little penguin (Eudyptula minor) diet at three breeding colonies in New Zealand
Little penguin (Eudyptula minor) diet at three breeding colonies in New Zealand
Scott A. Flemming 1,*
Chris Lalas 2
Yolanda van Heezik 1
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
At-sea shifts in food quality and availability can affect populations of marine birds; however, it is difficult to evaluate the impacts of changes in prey composition and availability without some baseline information on diet composition. The little penguin (Eudyptula minor) is a common inshore-feeding seabird in New Zealand and Australia. To date, only two dietary studies have been undertaken on the little penguin in New Zeaalnd, at two widely separated locations. This study recorded diet of little penguins during the chick-rearing stage of breeding at three colonies in southern New Zealand. Sixty-nine stomach samples were acquired via the stomach flushing technique at Banks Peninsula, Oamaru, and Stewart Island. Prey composition differed between each site: (1) at Oamaru, Graham's gudgeon (Grahamichthys radiata) occurred most frequently (100%) and contributed the most to meal mass (92.1%); (2) at Banks Peninsula arrow squid (Nototodarus sloanii) occurred most frequently (87.5%), but two fish species – slender sprat (Sprattus antipodum) (33.9%) and ahuru (Auchenoceros punctatus) (37.4%) – contributed most to meal mass; and (3) at Stewart Island arrow squid occurred most frequently (91.3%), and contributed most to meal mass (73.1%). Little penguins take a wide diversity of species, and may switch between species, probably in response to temporal variation in availability. In New Zealand, little penguins ate higher proportions of lower quality cephalopods than those in Australia. As top predators in the marine ecosystem, changes in little penguin diet may indicate changes occurring in the inshore marine ecosystem.
Eudyptula minor, little penguin, New Zealand, prey availability, prey quality, Seabird, Stomach contents, stomach flushing


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After a long, cold winter, most of us warmly welcome the arrival of milder weather and the return of the green. As the world seems to wake up, we also wake and stretch our limbs. Emerging from a season of storage and hibernation, our winter inactivity and heavy comfort food indulgences may become more apparent. We have been content to daydream by the fireplace with a warm blanket, drink tea and eat soup.
As March rolls around, it teases us with warm days, then quickly rushes us back to the cold. When the warm weather finally arrives for good, we fling open the windows and do a thorough spring cleaning. We can treat ourselves similarly and focus on nourishing our bodies and ridding ourselves of winter accumulation.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine and many other holistic approaches to health, food is medicine. When we eat seasonal food, we remain in balance with our environment and are better able to tolerate seasonal changes and stay healthy. Spring is the time of the Liver and Gallbladder, a good time to choose foods that cleanse, support, and rejuvenate.
Vinegar is a great choice for spring eating because it is bitter and sour and has a detoxifying effect on the liver. Nettle is rich in calcium and iron and contains potassium, zinc, and copper. Nettle is also rich in B vitamins, and vitamins A, C, D and K. It is a powerhouse of an herb and called "Earth's green milk" by Susun Weed because of its ability to nourish and restore. Nettle also builds blood and nourishes the adrenal glands.
You can read more about stinging nettle benefits here and how to grow them here. If growing your own nettles isn't an option, we recommend purchasing them at Mountain Rose Herbs.
Herbal vinegars take 3 – 6 weeks to prepare, but are very simple to make.
You will need a non-reactive container like a glass jar, and ideally a non-reactive lid because vinegar can corrode metal. If no non-reactive lid can be procured, place a few pieces of wax paper between jar and lid.
Fill the jar ¼ full with nettles.
Pour enough apple cider vinegar to fill the jar, ensuring all nettles are covered by a couple inches.
Cover the jar with lid or wax paper and lid.
Let sit in a cool dark place for 3-6 weeks and shake occasionally.
The dried nettle may soak up vinegar. Check jar and add vinegar as needed.
If stored properly in a cool, dark cabinet, it should last a year.
Spring and summer are times for eating light. Think greens and eat your nettle vinegar with early lettuce, mustard greens, dandelion, and sprouts. Use pungent herbs such as cilantro, basil, and mint, which are also good for addressing a stagnant liver. Toss these into a salad with olive oil, your nettle vinegar, and a squeeze of lemon for added sour flavor to further stimulate the liver.
Once you've made your nettle vinegar, you can incorporate it into marinades and dressings. Below are two of my favorite recipes with nettle vinegar as an ingredient.
Combine ingredients in a glass or ceramic dish.
Combine all ingredients and store in fridge.
You can be very creative with this by adding olives, nuts, citrus, garlic, celery, or shallots. The options are unlimited.
Looking for more ways to incorporate nettles into your spring eating? Here are a few additional recipes you might be interested in checking out!
Eat light, get outside and move – hike or walk or run a road race for charity and rid your body of stagnation. Start doing something you love or are passionate about and get yourself ready for the summer season. If you have any other ideas on how to incorporate nettle vinegar in food or recipes, please share in the comments below!
Ellen Demotses is an aromatherapist, and a TCM and Western herbalist. She is a member of the American Botanical Council and the American Herbalists Guild, and is developing a natural skincare line.


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Why Study Pop Culture?
Blog / By Jackie Simmons
Popular culture, mainly referred to as "pop culture," is a well-known phenomenon in the 21st-century. Even since the 20th-century, it has taken hold and people across the globe are influenced by it. Like it is said, "culture is the sum total of people's way of life."
The study of culture is necessary, it helps us know about how things were in the past and could give an insight into the future. No matter the form of culture, there is always something to learn from it, and pop culture is no different so it ought to be taught and studied. The study of pop culture can be said to be the study of where the crowd is heading to and why they are heading there.
Reasons to Study Pop Culture
There are several reasons that the study of pop culture should be a noble undertaking. These reasons are linked.
1. Exposure to pop culture happens in several different ways. It happens through radio, movies, music, the internet, by watching various celebrity types, and many other ways; it is, therefore, safe to say that pop culture surrounds and its sources surround us constantly. It is important to study something that evidently surrounds us and we encounter day-to-day.
2. Pop culture is usually a good force, because It can bring different people from all over the world together and help in discovering the things that they value.
3. Just like the state of nature, things change constantly, no matter the time; trends come and go, usually uprooted by new trends. Studying these ever-changing trends and features of pop culture can be very intriguing. This helps to learn the possible negative effects that pop culture can have on us.
4. The awareness and understanding of various concepts of pop culture and its tendencies are imperative. The views of different people on pop culture are different so it is important for people to learn how to understand and analyze pop culture, as this will help to prevent some of the negative effects that it can have on the subconscious.
5. Pop culture can mold and alter the perspectives and thoughts of people on how things are "supposed" or "should" be. Things that are showed by the media can make people feel uncomfortable about themselves; they can stir up feelings that make people want to conform to what pop culture dictates. The effect of this is so much, and it affects so many people which constitutes a significant portion of the population, and this is part of the reasons it is so important to study pop culture and learn about its effects.
6. Culture is what we do and experience daily, it is not what happens once in a while. Culture includes our motivations, morals, and assumptions, it is therefore very important to study pop culture to better understand these aspects of ourselves and our society.
It is often said that no knowledge is a waste and the study of pop culture will teach us new things, it will challenge us and help us learn about parts of ourselves and our society that can help us grow.


Someone emailed me a graphic recently on the TSA and Airline terror. Graphics are a great way of correlating data and finding patterns.
I wish the graphic included data back through the 1980s and 70s with the string of terrorist events that occurred then. With only one data point shown prior to the September 11th attacks it's hard to compare reactions by the public to before and after the TSA appeared.
What can be seen is there is considerably more traffic than before. Terrorism hasn't stopped people from flying. Though the TSA has caused many to stop flying, while it may not be very noticeable, I find more have stopped because of TSA than because of the fear of terrorism. One could glance at the graphic below and say TSA is working, but that's not really looking at all the information contained there in. As Mark Twain said, "There's lies, damned lies, and statistics".


Laura Dee Milnes and Samuel Gough-Yates invited artists from UAL Camberwell BA Sculpture (2nd year) to experiment with peer-to-peer learning, knowledge sharing and collective, active research in a two-part workshop. Drawing on their respective backgrounds in performance and graffiti, and their more recent expanded sculptural practice, the artists worked with participants to explore the radical potential of communal activities, collaboration, amateurism and the dissolution of individual identity in order to achieve collective strength.
Session one involved participation and discussion around non-hierarchical learning, participatory art and freedom through anonymity, with practical exercises (no experience necessary), short presentations about Milnes and Gough-Yates' work and open conversation between all participants.
Session two was led by the participants, who worked collaboratively to lead actions or activities with the rest of the group, bookended with analysis and critique of the processes and outcomes of these mini-workshops.
When agency is voluntarily given up, when I transform my own body into an object, an object that I am and that I possess, I find it to be a freeing experience. I become both master and slave to myself and not held in the systematic fantasy of any other being. I control, and I let go.
If one is to be political with art, then instead of creating feelings of futility, one should be constructive and generous. […] The possibility for art to enact change lies in its ability to influence individuals and institutions.
Laura Dee Milnes has a practice that encompasses performance, sculpture, writing and research, working with whatever is to hand, with a very 'DIY' approach that celebrates the handmade, homemade, cobbled together and slightly wonky. Interactivity and person-to-person exchange are integral and she has created various installations within which communities are formed for brief moments, and where collective leisure activities take place – making slime is one of these, as well as painting nails and playing darts. Part of Laura's performance practice has often involved adopting various personas, who become 'hosts' in two senses of the word – they are a vessel for her and her body/voice, and they facilitate social situations, such as pub quizzes, karaoke, communal spaces and group activities. Stepping into these characters, she simultaneously loses her identity, while amplifying a particular aspect of it, usually drawing upon personal experience or family history to build an avatar, and at other times creating an absolute fiction to inhabit.
Samuel Gough-Yates believes that every material has its own aura and voice and combines construction materials such as bricks or tarmac with simple actions such as throwing or hitting to create video, sound and installation works. Recently he has become interested in working with people as a medium and has led badge-making workshops in which participants are introduced to badges through his collection of political pins. Gough-Yates considers the wearing of the badges after the workshop has finished to be part of the work and as such, considers participants that wear the badges out in the world to be performers in his work.
How To… is available as a workshop for various contexts. If you are interested please contact the artists at laura@lauradeemilnes.com.


The following are game accounts from a holiday tournament I'm participating in using Action! PC Baseball from Dave Koch Sports Inc. We're using 2018 rosters, teams are seeded based on their record, and I'm representing the Atlanta Braves (the Red Sox were already taken by the time it was my turn to pick). Information about the tournament can be found here.
Colorado used two-run innings in the first and third to cruise to an easy 6-3 victory in the opening game of its series against Atlanta. Trevor Story set the tone early with a 444-foot missile off Braves ace Mike Foltynewicz that turned an Atlanta 1-0 lead into a 2-1 deficit in the first. The Rockies extended their lead to 4-1 in the third on a Charlie Blackmon run-scoring double and a single by DJ LeMahieu that plated Blackmon. From there, each Atlanta score was answered by a Rockies tally, capped off by a solo homer by Nolan Arenado in the seventh. Carlos Gonzalez and Chris Ianetta rapped out three hits apiece to back the solid pitching of Kyle Freeland and three relievers who combined to allow one hit over the final three innings.
The Braves were able to salvage a split on the road thanks to homers by Freddie Freeman, Tyler Flowers and Lane Adams, and a second straight strong outing by starting pitcher Anibal Sanchez. Colorado struck first in the bottom of the first when Gonzalez singled in Ian Desmond who had doubled to lead off the inning. Atlanta knotted the game at 1-1 in the top of the second when Flowers doubled in Nick Markakis, then took a 2-1 lead in the fourth when Freeman homered down the right field line. The Braves increased their lead to 3-1 in the seventh on Flowers' solo shot to deep left, but the Rockies tied the score at 3-3 courtesy of three singles, two groundouts, an error and a passed ball. Adams came off the bench and homered in the eighth to put Atlanta up 4-3 before Jonny Venters and Arodys Vizcaino wrapped up the win.
Believe it or not, this was a close game for 4 ½ innings before all Hell broke loose. Atlanta manufactured a run in the first when Ronald Acuna Jr. led off with a single, stole second and came home on Ozzie Albies' double. The Braves were aggressive on the base paths, knowing they'd need to score early and often to compete against Colorado's powerful lineup, and Albies was thrown out at home when he tried to score from second on a Freeman single. Colorado took a 2-1 lead in the top of the second when Blackmon hit one into the right field seats, but the Braves jumped ahead 4-2 in the bottom of the third on doubles by Albies and Markakis following a Julio Teheran single and walk to Acuna. Colorado scored again in the fifth, but that was as close as they'd get.
Atlanta sent seven men to the plate in the fifth and Johan Carmago plated three with a homer; sent nine to the plate in the sixth and scored five, three of which came home on a Flowers four-bagger; and sent 10 batters to the plate in the seventh and scored six runs, including four on a grand slam by Carmago who drove in seven runs. Teheran wasn't sharp but didn't need to be.
Rockies starter Antonio Senzatela delivered a performance the Rockies desperately needed, surrendering only three hits and two walks through 7 2/3 shutout innings, to earn the win. Braves hurler Kevin Gausman and two relievers also allowed only three hits, but two walks, a sacrifice bunt, a Desmond single and Gerardo Parra groundout in the fifth brought home two runs and that was all Colorado needed to send the series to a fifth game.
This was a team win in every sense of the word. After two subpar performances in his first two starts, Foltynewicz was given the ball with some reluctance, but he came through in a huge way, throwing six innings of two-hit ball while fanning nine. The Braves rapped out eight hits with every starter getting one except Folty; no one scored more than one run and no one drove in more than one. Acuna Jr. led off the first with a triple and came home on a Freeman single to give Atlanta a 1-0 lead. They doubled the lead in the fourth when Flowers doubled and scored on a Dansby Swanson single, then went up 3-0 in the seventh when Carmago and Adams walked, Carmago went to third on a deep fly by Acuna, and scored on a wild pitch.
The Rockies rallied in the bottom of the seventh to make things interesting, scoring two off Chad Sobotka on three hits and two walks before Max Fried fanned Story with the bases loaded to quash the uprising. The Braves added an insurance run in the eighth, then watched Venters and Vizcaino put the game and series on ice with one perfect inning each.


Our industrial bench grinders deliver work power and clean results. They are built to meet the heavy-duty needs of your shop. There are high-quality machine grinds with great precision. Also, the grinders are engineered to give flawless outcomes. Our heavy-duty bench grinders are truly practical tools for industrial workshops. These are capable of various functions including shaping, sharpening, cleaning and polishing. They are designed to comply with industrial standards. The bench grinders have excellent motor and wheel. With proven construction and versatility, they are great for every day use.


text:
Mboinkou est à la fois une préfecture et une commune de l'union des Comores située sur la côte nord-est de l'île de la Grande Comore. C'est une région géographique riche en terre cultivable. Son chef-lieu est Chézani, une localité historique dans le domaine religieux car c'est là qu'il a été organisée la troisième prière de vendredi du pays.

Commune Mboinkou
 Madjeoueni
 Sadani
 Trélézini
 Chezani
 Ndroudé
 Nyumamilima
 Hantsindzi
 Badamadji

Notes et références

Localité de Grande Comore

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We are committed to helping nonprofit staff connect with and learn from one another. Nonprofits and their employees benefit greatly from considering collaborative approaches to solving problems and from sharing information and solutions for common challenges.
Below are resources to help your nonprofit staff find and connect with peers doing similar work. We also have a page dedicted to advocacy-related coalitions.
VolunteerMaine maintains a list of active groups that bring together volunteer program staff and managers in specific regions of the state. Find a group near you.
We know there are many other networks – formal and informal – across the state. Please contact our Membership Manager by email or at 871-1885 to share information about yours so MANP can continue to develop this resource page.


Gorgeous wooded waterfront that is waiting for your home! Close to Downtown Inverness, and short drive to Interstate 75. Canal goes out to Lake Spivey which is connected to many other lakes in Citrus County. Seller wants to sell both but may separate. Both properties combined have a total of .75 of an acre.


text:
"""
SQLAlchemy models for baremetal data.
"""

from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey, Text

from nova.db.sqlalchemy import models

BASE = declarative_base()

class BareMetalNode(BASE, models.NovaBase):
    """Represents a bare metal node."""

    __tablename__ = 'bm_nodes'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    uuid = Column(String(36))
    service_host = Column(String(255))
    instance_uuid = Column(String(36), nullable=True)
    instance_name = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    cpus = Column(Integer)
    memory_mb = Column(Integer)
    local_gb = Column(Integer)
    pm_address = Column(Text)
    pm_user = Column(Text)
    pm_password = Column(Text)
    prov_mac_address = Column(Text)
    registration_status = Column(String(16))
    task_state = Column(String(255))
    prov_vlan_id = Column(Integer)
    terminal_port = Column(Integer)
    image_path = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    pxe_config_path = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    deploy_key = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    root_mb = Column(Integer)
    swap_mb = Column(Integer)

class BareMetalPxeIp(BASE, models.NovaBase):
    __tablename__ = 'bm_pxe_ips'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    address = Column(String(255), unique=True)
    server_address = Column(String(255), unique=True)
    bm_node_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('bm_nodes.id'), nullable=True)

class BareMetalInterface(BASE, models.NovaBase):
    __tablename__ = 'bm_interfaces'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    bm_node_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('bm_nodes.id'), nullable=True)
    address = Column(String(255), unique=True)
    datapath_id = Column(String(255))
    port_no = Column(Integer)
    vif_uuid = Column(String(36), unique=True)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Catchy name for a new rpg?
[Discussion Thread] Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers: Tommorow's Ultimatum.
[Discussion Thread] JyuKen Sentai Gekiranger: Waki Waki Da! The New GekiRin Rebellion!
[Discussion Thread] Fast and the Furious RPG?
[Discussion Thread] Pirates of the Caribbean RPG?
[Idea Thread] Return of One of my Pokemon RPGs?
[Idea Thread] Which RPG would you want?
[Idea Thread] Are either of these ideas worth making into an RPG?
[Discussion Thread] RiR: Go! Go! JyuKen Sentai Gekiranger!
[Discussion Thread] Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Jurassic ReBirth!
Power Rangers Elemental force game dt.
[Idea Thread] Resident Evil RPG?
Project Z.E.O: The End Days?
Dawn of the Dead or Land of the dead RPG?
Rule Question - What Constitutes Spam?
Anyone Interested in a One Tree Hill RPG?
Sonic The Hedgehog RPG - Anyone interested?
Final Fantasy/Power Rangers RPG anyone?


Male or Female the Goddess tips are all about you grooving, moving, living with Divine life force energy. The Goddess You is simply referring to the female tone or energy that is LOVE. That means the Goddess You is available to everyone.
Why is this you may wonder? It is because, you have both female and male energies that balance your well-being. The right side of your body being where your feminine Divine flow is. The left side of your body is what makes up your logic side which is the male flow. When in balance you will feel the stability of who you are and comforted by both logic and spirituality. When off-balance there becomes a disruption of either the Divine feminine or the Divine Logical masculine self.
The feminine Spiritual flow depends on your openness and connection to God. Belief, faith, prayer and consciousness are your points to a healthy flow.
When off-balance the connection to your Goddess self closes off or a block is created that prevents the natural flow of Divine love. Click To Tweet The connection will become distorted over time when the Spiritual belief is questioned, broken or lost. This occurs when you choose to go it alone without God. This is not about religion, rather a pure belief and faith in God.
The Divine Masculine Logic flow depends on your openness to learn in connection with God. Again, belief, faith, prayer and consciousness are needed with also a clear intention of connection to love.
When off-balance the connection to Logic becomes out of balance with Divine truth. Ego aka Shmego begins to take up residence in the thought system and fear blocks your connection to Divine Logic. Shmego takes over the thought system which controls the flow of health Divine Masculine Logic, without warning fear swarms your being, and the "I" will search in need for proof or earth-bound theories to satisfy the over active ego. Separation from God, religion and faith are what follows this interruption in energy flow.
How you can maintain your equilibrium of Divine Feminine and Divine Logical Masculine self involves 3 of the Goddess You principles.
1. Quiet Your Mind: By turning off the constant chatter going on in your daily thoughts you will become mindful of what you are allowing and engaging in. You can illuminate in a quiet mind where love can be seen, heard and felt while also awakening how Shmego's masculine logic tone has manipulated your thoughts and speaking to you.
2. Self Love: Returning to the self for the love you need and wish for will support your Goddess truths to come forward. You will also begin to live confidently knowing that the Divine Feminine & Masculine love is now your guide rather than that guy Shmego and his fear.
3. Changing Your Reactions: Healing how you react to situations both internal and external will lighten your energy. Choosing compassion in any given moment opens your Feminine Goddess flow.
Now you have the tools to shine your true Goddess self!!


text:
Population ageing and the labour market: modelling size and age-specific effects
Katerina Lisenkova, Marcel Merette, Robert Wright
This paper presents a dynamic Overlapping Generations Computable General Equilibrium (OLG-CGE) model of Scotland. The model is used to examine the impact of population ageing on the labour market.More specifically, it is used to evaluate the effects of labour force decline and labour force ageing on keymacro-economic variables.The second effect is assumed to operate through age-specific productivity and labour force participation. In the analysis, particular attention is paid to how population ageing impinges on the government expenditure constraint. The basic structure of the model follows the Auerbach and Kotlikoff tradition. However, the model takes into consideration directly age-specific mortality. This is analogous to "building in" a cohort-componentpopulation projection structure to the model, which allows more complex and more realistic demographic scenarios
to be considered.
Economic Modelling
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.09.007
OLG-CGE modelling
population ageing
age-specific effects
10.1016/j.econmod.2013.09.007
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/economic-modelling
Dive into the research topics of 'Population ageing and the labour market: modelling size and age-specific effects'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Population Aging Business & Economics 100%
Labour Market Business & Economics 96%
Modeling Business & Economics 48%
Labor Force Business & Economics 36%
Overlapping Generations Business & Economics 24%
Labor Force Participation Business & Economics 23%
Cohort Business & Economics 22%
Computable General Equilibrium Model Business & Economics 22%
Lisenkova, K., Merette, M., & Wright, R. (2013). Population ageing and the labour market: modelling size and age-specific effects. Economic Modelling, 35, 981–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.09.007
Lisenkova, Katerina ; Merette, Marcel ; Wright, Robert. / Population ageing and the labour market : modelling size and age-specific effects. In: Economic Modelling. 2013 ; Vol. 35. pp. 981–989.
@article{59bdbc61eb1b4c50b5935ed3a9d120b4,
title = "Population ageing and the labour market: modelling size and age-specific effects",
abstract = "This paper presents a dynamic Overlapping Generations Computable General Equilibrium (OLG-CGE) model of Scotland. The model is used to examine the impact of population ageing on the labour market.More specifically, it is used to evaluate the effects of labour force decline and labour force ageing on keymacro-economic variables.The second effect is assumed to operate through age-specific productivity and labour force participation. In the analysis, particular attention is paid to how population ageing impinges on the government expenditure constraint. The basic structure of the model follows the Auerbach and Kotlikoff tradition. However, the model takes into consideration directly age-specific mortality. This is analogous to "building in" a cohort-componentpopulation projection structure to the model, which allows more complex and more realistic demographic scenarios to be considered.",
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journal = "Economic Modelling",
Lisenkova, K, Merette, M & Wright, R 2013, 'Population ageing and the labour market: modelling size and age-specific effects', Economic Modelling, vol. 35, pp. 981–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.09.007
Population ageing and the labour market : modelling size and age-specific effects. / Lisenkova, Katerina; Merette, Marcel; Wright, Robert.
In: Economic Modelling, Vol. 35, 2013, p. 981–989.
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T2 - modelling size and age-specific effects
AU - Lisenkova, Katerina
AU - Merette, Marcel
AU - Wright, Robert
N2 - This paper presents a dynamic Overlapping Generations Computable General Equilibrium (OLG-CGE) model of Scotland. The model is used to examine the impact of population ageing on the labour market.More specifically, it is used to evaluate the effects of labour force decline and labour force ageing on keymacro-economic variables.The second effect is assumed to operate through age-specific productivity and labour force participation. In the analysis, particular attention is paid to how population ageing impinges on the government expenditure constraint. The basic structure of the model follows the Auerbach and Kotlikoff tradition. However, the model takes into consideration directly age-specific mortality. This is analogous to "building in" a cohort-componentpopulation projection structure to the model, which allows more complex and more realistic demographic scenarios to be considered.
AB - This paper presents a dynamic Overlapping Generations Computable General Equilibrium (OLG-CGE) model of Scotland. The model is used to examine the impact of population ageing on the labour market.More specifically, it is used to evaluate the effects of labour force decline and labour force ageing on keymacro-economic variables.The second effect is assumed to operate through age-specific productivity and labour force participation. In the analysis, particular attention is paid to how population ageing impinges on the government expenditure constraint. The basic structure of the model follows the Auerbach and Kotlikoff tradition. However, the model takes into consideration directly age-specific mortality. This is analogous to "building in" a cohort-componentpopulation projection structure to the model, which allows more complex and more realistic demographic scenarios to be considered.
KW - OLG-CGE modelling
KW - population ageing
KW - scotland
KW - labour market
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KW - age-specific effects
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JO - Economic Modelling
JF - Economic Modelling
Lisenkova K, Merette M, Wright R. Population ageing and the labour market: modelling size and age-specific effects. Economic Modelling. 2013;35:981–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.09.007


When it comes to marketing your business online, it doesn't matter whether you are a small local craft shop or a global business standing the test of time, the way we advertise and the way consumers look at our products or services is constantly shifting.
So we need to be constantly aware of what is going on in the digital marketing scene so that we can continue to do what we do and to continue to be seen.
Looking ahead towards 2019, we are seeing some changes in the way consumers are viewing advertisements and how they are reacting to them. People are constantly connected and as a result, are more clued up towards gimmicky and flashy ads that they see thousands of times a day.
In this article, we will look at a few of the top marketing strategies that you should currently be employing in your business and we will also take a look at what is trending for 2019 giving you a head start in shaping your next year.
You strategically market your business by putting in place a plan of action to promote, advertise and sell your service or products to people.
By understanding whom your target audience is, that is, who you are trying to sell your product or service to, you have taken the first step in implementing a strategic internet marketing plan.
Perhaps you want to advertise to other businesses (business to business or B2B marketing) or maybe your customers are the general public. In this case, you must consider the age group and gender among other factors to define your target audience.
This boils down to two subcategories, Search Engine Optimization (SEO) or Pay per Click (PPC) Marketing.
SEO is organic and allows for your company's website to be on the list of search engine results. It is advised not to rely on SEO as your only marketing strategy, but you shouldn't pass up on putting some effort into it either, as Google, Bing or Yahoo searches can still bring in massive amounts of leads and traffic to your site.
Your ranking within a search engine result is deemed by a number of factors, including what you keywords you place in your description and meta-tags on your website, your social media activity guest blog posts and such.
Pay per Click advertising such as Google's Adwords involves you paying for your website to be displayed alongside an organic search engine results.
Other PPC advertising strategies include the very popular Facebook Ads, which is still one of the best ways to gain leads available with a ton of marketing information available on the billion people active every day.
Everybody loves to win. It is irresistible to enter a free draw and much more appealing to enter an online store or business with a voucher code in hand.
An epic way to see an increase in leads, customers and traffic are to advertise a voucher, offering 10% off, free shipping or a buy one get two deal, or to run a contest or giveaway to get involvement, shares and traffic through to your website.
Not only do contests give you loads of consumer data to use, but your consumers also market for your business and you can increase your fan base tenfold.
Not only should you reply to any comments that you receive on your Instagram, Facebook or Twitter accounts, increasing public likeability and engaging with your customers, but it is worthwhile maintaining a blog as well.
The more active you are on your blog and on social media, the more often you are able to post new keywords. This enables search engines to find and display your website more often, which we spoke about earlier with SEO.
Your blog can also gather a sort of a cult following, where you can offer advice, share what you know and really get to know who your target audience is.
Digital Marketing sees trends rise and fall as consumers change the way they connect with each other on an online platform. Looking ahead, we can see a few trends that are to shape how we market online for 2019.
You yourself probably feel like you are watching more videos these days as you stroll through the net and your attention is called to something. Watching videos is more fun than reading an article and this new opportunity to reach and engage with customers is growing terrifically.
Thanks to a survey from Wyzowl, 99% of businesses who use videos say they will use them again, and 85% of businesses regarding video marketing as an important part of their marketing strategy. Get on board and don't be left behind.
Internet video traffic will become a huge percentage of all consumer internet traffic in 2019. Live streams, in particular, are extremely popular and there is a lot of evidence pointing to a higher retention rate of live videos over pre-recorded ones.
Not exactly new, but in the world of marketing automation and chatbots, it is so easy to forget who it is we are actually trying to sell to real people. One of the best ways to market your business, and a definite growing trend as consumers are demanding it, is authenticity.
According to a review by Stackla, 86% of customers said that authenticity greatly influences their decision on what brands they like and support.
This is a huge percentage of people who want to feel like they are dealing with real people, not just another big business or brand. Take that into account when considering your marketing strategy for 2019.
With a strong online marketing strategy, you will help to grow your business and see more traffic to your site, more customers, more leads and connections and in the end, more sales. By taking into account the above tips your internet marketing plan can be your key to future and substantial success.
← What Tools Can I Use To Evaluate Brand Awareness?


The United States Constitution says little about who should enforce federal law. During the ratification debates, however, Federalists frequently remarked that the federal government would "make use of the State officers" for that purpose. (1) Indeed, one of the principal advantages of the proposed Federal Constitution over the Articles of Confederation, Alexander Hamilton argued in Federalist No. 27, was that the Constitution would not "only operate upon the States in their political or collective capacities" but would also "enable the [federal] government to employ the ordinary magistracy of each [state] in the execution of its laws" (2) With "all officers legislative, executive and judicial in each State ... bound by the sanctity of an oath" to observe federal law, Hamilton continued, "the Legislatures, Courts and Magistrates of the respective members will be incorporated into the operations of the national government ... and will be rendered auxiliary to the enforcement of its laws." (3) In other words, state officers would be duty bound to enforce federal law.
Hamilton's opinions on federal power, of course, were not always consistent with the views of his colleagues. (6) But it would be deeply mistaken to discount his endorsement of commandeering. Hamilton was not trying to aggrandize federal power. Quite the opposite. He was offering a concession to those who feared greater centralized authority. After a bruising debate over federal power to collect tariffs-a controversy that had consumed continental politics for much of the 1780s-Hamilton was finally giving in. He was not about to repeat his prior political miscalculations, so he relented and gave the Anti-Federalists exactly what they wanted: an assurance that the federal government would commandeer state officers to enforce federal law.
For these reasons, most politicians in the 1780s agreed that Congress should have authority to establish an impost. Yet when it came to deciding how to collect the tax, deep divisions emerged. The nation's leading financial luminaries--Alexander Hamilton and Robert Morris-insisted on using "continental" officers accountable only to Congress. Others, though, worried that federal collectors would repeat the repressive colonial--era practices of their British counterparts, who often failed to appreciate local circumstances and whose appointments were seen as feeding the contemptible appetite of a corrupt patronage system. Instead, these skeptics proposed giving Congress the power to collect import duties using only state officers.
The dispute over how to collect the continental impost ultimately ended in gridlock, but its legacy endured, overshadowing much of the ratification process. The typical narrative of the Constitution's genesis is that political affairs reached a crisis point, fatally undermining the Articles of Confederation and leading to vastly expanded, though still limited, federal powers. The impost story confirms this account in part, but it also calls for an important revision. With respect to the administration of federal law, rather than escalating their demands for greater federal power, Federalists framed the Constitution as conceding ground to the opponents of centralization. Particularly in the pivotal ratification contests in New York and Virginia, Federalists assured Convention delegates and the public that the federal government would generally rely on state officers rather than create new federal positions. And not lost in this debate was the premise that carried over from the impost controversy: federal duties would be legally binding.
Anti-Federalist support for commandeering-a label not yet employed in the eighteenth century-continued into the First Congress, where the usual characters struggled over the pivotal issue of who would enforce federal law. Notwithstanding Federalist promises during ratification, however, the federal government placed very few federal responsibilities on state officers. Examining the causes of this apparent bait and switch reveals a largely untold story about the origins of the federal bureaucracy. Ironically, Anti-Federalists' political miscalculations played a pivotal role in undermining their efforts to have state agents administer and enforce federal law.
Collins's argument has intuitive appeal, but overwhelming historical evidence demonstrates that his conventional assumptions about Anti-Federalist attitudes are mistaken. Indeed, the prevailing historical account gets this important feature of the ratification story backward. Anti-Federalists were actually among the strongest supporters of commandeering both before and after ratification. Rather than considering duties imposed on state officials as contrary to federalism principles, many Anti-Federalists viewed the federal-administration issue through the prism of their recent colonial experience--an experience that had also heavily influenced debates over the continental impost. State officers were drawn from local communities and were sympathetic to local needs, whereas federal employees, like their British predecessors, would be unforgiving, unaccountable, and perhaps even tyrannical. Proponents of state power genuinely (though at times hyperbolically) feared that a burgeoning federal bureaucracy would quickly become a "swarm of harpies, who, under the denomination of revenue officers, [would] range through the country, prying into every man's house and affairs, and like a Macedonian phalanx bear down all before them." (10) Limits on federal power existed largely to protect individual rights, (11) and commandeering advanced that goal by malting law enforcement more accountable to local interests. Furthermore, Anti-Federalists feared that the absence of a federal commandeering power would lead to a bloated federal patronage system, thereby shifting popular loyalties toward the federal government and slowly undermining the importance of state governments.
Relying heavily on foundational assumptions about federal power supposedly underlying many Founding-era statements, prior scholars have offered conflicting accounts of the Founders' attitudes about commandeering's constitutionality. For instance, Sai Prakash argues that the Founders anticipated and accepted federal commandeering of state executive and judicial officers (though not state legislatures). (12) He points in particular to Hamilton's and Madison's assurances that the new federal government would rely on state officers, arguing that these promises implicitly embraced commandeering. Disagreeing, Michael Collins argues that Hamilton and Madison referred only to the federal use of state officers with state permission, and that commandeering was not part of the original constitutional design. (13) His scholarship focuses primarily on federal commandeering of state judges, (14) but most of his evidence and analysis applies equally to commandeering of state executive officers.
This Article departs significantly from these prior studies. A substantial body of evidence not mentioned by Prakash and Collins focuses more directly on the issue of commandeering. The topic came up in a few early congressional debates, and it was also addressed in an 1802 federal circuit court opinion (long hidden in a Louisville archive) that is the only known Founding-era judicial opinion to squarely address the commandeering question presented in Printz v. United States. These sources provide a clearer picture of what many of the Founders thought about commandeering's constitutionality. While Founding-era views were not unanimous, historical evidence strongly supports commandeering's constitutionality.
In addition to explaining what the Founders thought about commandeering, this Article also aims to reorient our understanding of how they approached the topic, including what they thought was at stake and which arguments they used to defend their views. For instance, the Oath Clause played a central yet unappreciated role in early debates about commandeering. Debates over financial compensation for state officials also offer revealing insights into Anti-Federalist support for commandeering. For example, perhaps the most persuasive modern critique of commandeering is that it would allow the federal government to impose administrative obligations without having to pay for them, thereby weakening political accountability. Yet Anti-Federalists seem not to have shared this concern. They instead worried that federal payments to state officers would render those officers reliant on federal income and would thus shift their loyalties away from state and local governments. Therefore, while many Anti-Federalists adamantly supported commandeering, they simultaneously took steps to ensure that the federal government would not pay for those additional burdens.
Finally, the existing literature fails to appreciate the relatively quick shift in views about commandeering between the late 1780s and the early nineteenth century. Although explicit and implicit endorsements of commandeering were common during ratification, no one asserted that such a power would violate federalism principles. By the early nineteenth century, however, commandeering's constitutionality was "liable to question, and [had], in fact, been seriously questioned" on exactly this ground. (16) Thus, the early intellectual history of anticommandeering exemplifies the dynamic nature of constitutional law in the early republic and illustrates how the rapidly changing political climate of the 1790s enabled novel constitutional principles to supplant ideas that had been broadly accepted just a few years prior. Views about commandeering have remained unstable ever since.
This Article is divided into four chronological parts. Part I describes the impost debates under the Articles of Confederation. When supporters of a stronger national government pushed for a new federal power to levy nationwide tariffs, a heated debate began over whether state or continental officers should collect the taxes. This controversy set the stage for the ratification showdown discussed in Part II, which reexamines the Federalists' ratification promises. Part III turns to the earliest congressional debates about commandeering and describes the impact of state legislation on congressional decisionmaking. It also explores the earliest-known judicial opinion to examine commandeering.
While federal power to commandeer state officers was generally accepted at the Founding, several factors combined in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries to make its constitutionality far more contested. And shifts in commandeering doctrine did not stop there. The Supreme Court explicitly rejected the constitutionality of commandeering in the middle of the nineteenth century, shifted gears in the twentieth century, and then returned to an anticommandeering approach during the Rehnquist Court's federalism revolution. Part IV explores these developments and considers how the historical evidence presented throughout this Article might impact our understanding of the Constitution's original meaning. For those who privilege the Founders' understandings of federalism principles or their intentions and expectations about how the Constitution would operate in practice, this account undermines the Court's modern anticommandeering doctrine. At the very least, historical evidence suggests that commandeering of state executive and judicial officers should not be categorically unconstitutional.
As these defects emerged earlier in the decade, nationalists took swift action, pushing for a new congressional power to levy tariffs directly rather than relying on state legislatures for revenue. The idea of a federal impost power received broad support, but deep-seated divisions emerged over the proper method of collection. Nationalists insisted on hiring federal officers to collect the impost, but they met staunch (and ultimately unmovable) opposition.
Given the horrendous condition of government finances, the impost controversy became a defining issue in American politics. As Henry Knox later observed, "The insurrections of Massachusetts, and the opposition to the impost by New York, have been the corrosive means of rousing america to an attention to her liberties." (20) Although unmentioned in prior scholarship about commandeering, the impost controversy also formed the backdrop for subsequent ratification-era debates about federal use of state officers.
Hamilton's speech was imprudent, but it hardly should have been surprising. As one scholar writes, Hamilton "repeatedly insisted on the necessity of creating among the nation's leadership a class of influentials tied to the federal government and capable of counterbalancing the influentials currently tied to the states." (54) Just the previous summer, for instance, Hamilton had written in a New York newspaper that "[t]he reason of allowing Congress to appoint its own officers of the customs, collectors of taxes, and military officers of every rank, is to create in the interior of each state a mass of influence in favour of the Foederal Government." (55) The weakness of the Confederation government, he argued, made it imprudent to worry that Congress "will ever become formidable to the general liberty." (56) These views, as well as their frosty reception in Congress, later informed Hamilton's strategy during ratification.
Opponents of the impost were not united in offering a counterproposal, but they did agree that additional federal power was needed and should include commandeering of some sort. (71) Following the usual practice under the Articles of Confederation, George Clinton apparently thought that Congress should use requisitions-that is, legally binding demands that state legislatures turn over impost revenue. (72) Understandably, this view was not widely endorsed. As Alexander Hamilton later remarked in Federalist No. 15, "though in theory [congressional] resolutions ... are laws, constitutionally binding on the members of the Union, yet in practice they are mere recommendations, which the States observe or disregard at their option." (73) Another idea was to give the Continental Congress the power to impose duties on state officers directly, thus making those officers (contrary to the 1783 compromise) not federal officers dependent on Congress "alone" but rather state officers with federal duties74 But nobody seems to have fleshed out how Congress might ensure compliance from uncooperative state officers, and ensuring compliance from uncooperative states was a perilous endeavor. (75) Still, opponents of the 1783 impost proposal thought that state sovereignty militated in favor of commandeering, thereby avoiding the need for potentially intrusive federal officers. That priority is hardly surprising, though, given that commandeering of state legislatures was the default means of exercising many continental powers under the Articles of Confederation.
National leaders had reached a precipice. Before the impost's final defeat, the central government had already become imperiled. "Congress have kept the Vessel from sinking," Madison remarked to Jefferson in 1785, "but it has been by standing constantly at the pump, not by stopping the leaks which have endangered her." (92) "The failure of the impost coupled with the dissolution of the public debt," James Ferguson writes, "seemed to portend an immediate and perhaps final decline of the central government." (93) And along with that demise, Madison feared, would go the fate of the American democratic experiment. The "unfavorable balance" of trade stemming from the "anarchy of our commerce," he explained in 1786, had prompted an exodus of hard currency, thus furnishing "pretexts for the pernicious substitution of paper money, for indulgences to debtors, for postponements of taxes. In fact most of our political evils may be traced up to our commercial ones, as most of our moral may to our political." (94) In no uncertain terms, the young Republic was in crisis.
Though little discussed in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787, the topic of federal administration came up often during the ratification debates. The typical narrative of the Constitution's genesis is one of Federalist advancement, with Hamilton and Madison consistently advocating for greater federal power. Anti-Federalist assemblymen framed the debate in this way from the very outset of the ratification contest. The rhetorical jousting started when a group of Anti-Federalists dramatically boycotted the Pennsylvania legislative session in an effort to deny the legislature a quorum and thus block the delegates from convening a ratification convention. (99) Repeating an argument they had won several times before, the absentee legislators explained to their constituents: "You can ... best determine ... whether a continental collector assisted by a few faithful soldiers will be more eligible than your present collectors of taxes." (100) But Federalists did not take the bait. As they set out from Philadelphia to sell their new proposal to the public, Federalists retreated in an important way, consistently arguing that the Framers had adopted the basic Anti-Federalist position with respect to the administration of federal law. The impost controversy, in other words, critically shaped the subsequent ratification-era debates about federal use of state officers.
Shortly after the Constitutional Convention adjourned, publishers began printing a series of essays opposing ratification. Federalists labeled the authors of these essays Anti-Federalists-a term they intended to be disparaging,l01 These Anti-Federalist writers were generally opposed to the proposed constitution-at least without amendments-but they were by no means a homogenous or cohesive group)102 Nonetheless, common themes run through many of their writings. Given the earlier opposition to the impost under the Articles of Confederation, it is no surprise that the administration of federal law quickly emerged as a major rallying point for Anti-Federalist opposition.
In addition to worrying about abuses of power by tax collectors, Anti-Federalists also feared that a burgeoning federal bureaucracy would undermine support for state governments. Echoing earlier concerns about royal patronage, one prominent Anti-Federalist pamphleteer warned that federal collection of taxes would lead to a bureaucratic "system of influence." (109) Hamilton responded, but again he significantly changed his tune, avoiding his prior rhetoric about creating a large corps of individuals loyal to the federal government. If the federal government wanted to expand its influence, Hamilton now explained in Federalist No. 36, it would try to "employ the State officers as much as possible, and to attach them to the Union by an accumulation of their emoluments." (110) In other words, an ambitious federal government would likely try to co-opt the loyalties of state collection agents by giving them generous compensation for performing federal duties. But, he asserted, this scheme would actually increase the influence of states, because the federal government would become reliant on state officers. (111) Hamilton was going out of his way to highlight the active role that state officers would play in the new government.
Collins, however, misappraises the Anti-Federalists' priorities. During the impost controversy, defenders of state autonomy had insisted that hiring federal collectors posed a greater threat to state sovereignty than commandeering state collectors. With the impost controversy coloring the entire debate, it was unnecessary for Federalists to explain that state officers would be compelled to enforce federal law. And surely contemporaries would not have thought that Federalist silence signaled a tacit denial of federal commandeering power.
Less clear was the availability of enforcement mechanisms to compel state officials to perform their legal duties. The legacy of the impost controversy strongly suggested that state officials would be legally obliged to enforce federal law, but as Hamilton once explained, "If there be no penalty annexed to disobedience, the resolutions or commands which pretend to be laws will in fact amount to nothing more than advice or recommendation." (120) Federalists said little in the ratification debates about what penalties might attach if state officers disobeyed federal commands. In one respect, though, the Constitution itself facilitated state-officer compliance, and Federalists and Anti-Federalists alike often pointed to that provision when referring to the federal commandeering power.
In the late 1780s, most state constitutions required that state and local officers take two oaths: an oath of allegiance and an oath of office. (126) An oath of allegiance generally required those officers to remain faithful to the state, whereas an oath of office was a promise to perform official duties. The Federal Constitution, however, required only that all legislative, executive, and judicial officers "shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution." (127) When referring to federal officers, the Founders understood that the federal oath incorporated the guarantees of an oath of allegiance and an oath of office. (128) The Oath Clause, however, applied to officers "both of the United States and of the several States." (129) Thus, as a textual matter, it is easy to see why some Founders thought that the Oath Clause implied that state and local officers would have affirmative federal duties.
As just shown, the Oath Clause occasionally came up during the ratification debates as a textual clue to how the new government would operate. The Clause's role was relatively minor, though, because no one was openly questioning federal power to commandeer state executive and judicial officers. The argument enjoyed greater prominence during the First Congress, when such doubts began to appear. During ratification, however, the Anti-Federalists did question one form of federal power in a way that subtly revealed Founding-era attitudes and assumptions about commandeering. The issue surfaced during debates about the posse comitatus.
Unveiling inequality: burqa bans and nondiscrimination jurisprudence at the European Court of Human Rights.


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Posts by Mark Williams
About Mark Williams
Mark Williams has been a transport journalist for almost 30 years. After several years of journalist training, he went on to launch two magazines, edit three and is now Group Editor for ATG Media.
Mark Williams's Posts
By Mark Williams - 03 Jul '19
ROAD TEST: From trot to sprint
When EVM launched its Sprinter-based Low Floor in 2013, it causes a ripple of interest in the bus market, but only a ripple. The...
Buzzlines Travel in Kent has suddenly closed, with its home page announcing it is in the hands of insolvency practitioners. The...
Lutterworth for Scania
The 'Golden Triangle' between the M1, M6 and M69 supports a fast-growing logistics infrastructure generating a need for...
By Mark Williams - 18 Jun '19
The Piccadilly Line…by bus
PLEASE NOTE: To see all the images in a gallery, click on the title image above The objective was straightforward enough, get...
Transport Bill: Municipals could return to Scotland
Municipal bus operations could return to Scotland, according to a report in the Scotsman newspaper. This would remove a...
Transdev buys British
Transdev has placed orders worth £3.5m for British-built buses. The operator has ordered 21 new buses from ADL and Wrightbus....
Ten-point plan targets decline in rural bus
Bus Users UK has published a ten-point plan to reduce the decline in rural bus services. 'Rural buses: reversing the decline'...
Getting matey with 80
I first went to Marshalls Coaches of Leighton Buzzard some 20 years ago or more, when Fred Marshall was master of all he...


Two days after Illinois State Attorney General Lisa Madigan announced she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in 2014, state political observers are increasingly pondering whether she feared a hard-punching nomination battle from former White House Chief of Staff Bill Daley.
The same observers are also beginning to speculate as to whether Madigan's decision will soon be followed by a similar "no-go" from incumbent Democratic Gov. Pat Quinn.
With polls showing the governor with record-low approval ratings amid the Prairie State's economic doldrums, it is inarguable Quinn would be an underdog to Daley, the brother and son of two longtime mayors of Chicago.
For now, however, Quinn still sounds like a candidate.
Quinn continues to lead in fundraising, and brought in more than $1 million for his campaign war chest in the last quarter.
Noting that much of his support comes from organized labor, the governor told the Chicago Tribune he was not a "champion of millionaires" — an obvious swipe at Daley, who has raised major dollars from the Pritzker hotelier family, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, and other wealthy individuals.
In taking herself out of the race and announcing her bid for re-election as attorney general, the daughter of longtime state House Speaker Mike Madigan addressed the obvious: that she realized voters would not look kindly at two of the three branches of state government in the hands of the same family.
A few weeks ago, Daley released polls showing strong voter opposition to the idea of a "Governor Madigan" serving at the same time as "Speaker Madigan" and signaled he would use the issue in a primary. There was also speculation that Mike Madigan might step down as speaker if Lisa ran for governor.
"The albatross of Mike Madigan's speakership weighs so heavily around Lisa Madigan's neck that even the adoring media would ask the type of questions that could sink her gubernatorial run," said Hinsdale businessman Jim Nalepa, candidate for state GOP chairman and a supporter of state Sen. Kirk Dillard in the four-candidate Republican primary for governor.
"If anyone believed that Mike Madigan would step down as speaker of the Illinois House so as to clear the way for his daughter to become governor doesn't know Mike Madigan. There exists no more power-hungry despot in all the land. His iron-fisted absolute control of all things political in Illinois is an elixir that will keep him energized for years," said Nalepa.


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Numbers seeking help for cannabis use rising - Health Research Board
Updated / Tuesday, 26 Nov 2019 11:43
Experts will tell a conference that more and more young people are seeking help for cannabis addiction
The latest figures from the Health Research Board show a continuing rise in the number of people seeking help for cannabis use.
Experts will tell a conference today that more and more young people are seeking help for cannabis addiction.
Dr Gerry McCarney, a Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist at the HSE's National Drug Treatment Centre, is one of those addressing this afternoon's conference.
Speaking to RTÉ's Morning Ireland, he said the cannabis available today is "much stronger" than previously, which has an impact on how cannabis-users behave and function.
He said that there is a physical withdrawal syndrome associated with trying to come off cannabis, which he says is worse now due to the higher potency of the drug.
He said a young person's teenage years are "critical" and that the brain is still in the process of development.
"We are seeing a lot of young people where cannabis is having an impact not just on how they're feeling, but on relationships within the family and performance in school, and ultimately the impact on career and their futures".
Dr McCarney said that what often gets lost in the debate about whether cannabis should be legalised or decriminalised is that "cannabis is not good for you".
He said it is a harmful substance and that the earlier you start using it, the worse the impact will be.
"For a small group, it can lead to significant, long-term chronic illness. For those who don't become unwell, it can have a huge impact on your future".


"Highwave was founded in 1983. We continue to develop original patented designs with sustainable materials that encourage re-use. Through the years we have earned a reputation for quality, good design, ethical business practice while supporting good causes for the earth, humans and dogs."
Der Claim und die Eigenbeschreibung charakterisieren das Familienunternehmen und die Marke nur unzureichend und auch der Originaltext weiter unten von der Homepage von Highwave ist nicht genug, um das Unikat Gary Ross und seine Familie zu beschreiben. Gary ist ein passionierter Surfer der Pioniergeneration. Er war einer der Cracks und Beach Boys der ersten Stunde in Kalifornien. Dieses erklärt sicherlich die Ausrichtung des Sortiments in Dinge für das tägliche Abenteuer, welches sich für Gary und seine Marke immer draußen abspielen muss. Ausgebildet in Meerestechnologien und als Bastler mit hohem Freiheitsdrang kann man sich vorstellen, wie und warum er immer alles ausprobieren muss. Er steckt voller Ideen und schafft es, seine Umgebung zu begeistern. Allerdings ist es auch leicht vorstellbar, wie er die Techniker und die Produktionsbetriebe mit seinem Streben nach Perfektion zur Weißglut treibt. Wie er schreibt, "it can be complex to get to simple" ist eine nette Umschreibung dieser Beziehung zwischen dem Kreativen und der Umsetzung in der Produktion.
"The ocean is life and waves are a moving dynamic that inspire creativity for the name of Highwave founded in 1983.
From the beginning in stoneware we knew the best way to help is to consider the best tools for travel that can last a lifetime. Nature is complete in every way and perfectly designed and we borrow ideas from its perfection whenever possible without guilt. It can be "complex to get to simple" in the design process.
Our products and developments are original and authentic in a world that has become chaotic with copies of original designs. We explore and develop many ideas, just a few new designs every year are introduced that are important or even just fun.
We have over 40 patents and lots of historic firsts in the coffee world, a part of the coffee revolution. Many of the design aspects we now see everywhere started with a Highwave design including the first travel mug with a drink through top, hinged closures on a drink top, first stainless double wall design, first vacuum double wall.
First 100% leak tight design, first 360 degree drink top, still the only drink press with full shutoff with full infusion (our brewfish) and now the only travel mug for a dog and the original and patented design to aerate and preserve wine (float2). The first vacuum hydration bottle for water and wine Time Capsule. We only offer unique designs that have proven themselves over time and remain in our line or others that are new and still undiscovered.
Some designs we have been selling for three decades and some of those still undiscovered (will chill). We continue the spirit of innovation to help promote enjoyment and viable tools for you with surprising and better or the best tools you need for your life's highway."


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Men's Spirituality
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reflections about God and life
Archives for posts with tag: Nellie McClung
Top Ten Canadian Politicians
In recognition of Canada's 150th anniversary as a political entity, I begin a series of Canadiana blogs this summer, including a few top ten lists! So let's begin with politics:
My Top Ten Canadian Politicians [Yes, there are some!]
Tommy Douglas: My favourite by a southern Saskatchewan mile and voted greatest Canadian in a CBC poll a few years ago. I agree with the poll. A small-town Baptist preacher who became the father of universal health care, a true servant of the people.
Lester B. Pierson: Although he only had a minority government, he introduced universal health care, student loans, the Canada Pension Plan, the Order of Canada, the Maple Leaf flag, bilingualism and biculturalism, kept Canada out of the Vietnam War, abolished capital punishment, and won the Nobel Peace prize.
Louis Riel: Read some of my other blogs and you'll know why. The Canadian government of 1885 killed him and the government more than a century later needs to exonerate him. https://you.leadnow.ca/petitions/exonerate-louis-riel-2
Nellie McClung: Also see previous posts.
Bill Blaikie: He was the faithful M.P. in Transcona [Winnipeg] for 30 years. We lived in his riding for 6 years and he even accepted an invitation to talk to our church youth group about faith and politics, about which he later wrote a fine book.
Joe Clarke: He always seemed awkward publicly and only served as PM for a few months but he was a solid and respected international diplomat in later governments.
Jack Layton: A true social democrat who spoke out on behalf of the marginalized and brought new energy to his party and to federal politics, all while fighting a personal battle with cancer.
Agnes McPhail: The first woman to be elected to Canadian parliament.
Wilfred Laurier and
William Lyon Mackenzie King for being the longest serving PM's. Anyone who sacrifices decades of life to public service leading a democratic nation has my admiration.
Notice that John A. Macdonald is not on the list. I will tell you why on the next post.
Tags Bill Blaikie, Jack Layton, Joe Clarke, Lester B. Pearson, Louis Riel, Nellie McClung, Tommy Douglas
5 Famous Canadian mothers and 1 who should be
On Mother's Day let's celebrate some Canadian women who were also mothers.
Kim Campbell was the first and only woman prime minister and the only one born in BC. She never gave birth to children but became the stepmother to three daughters.
Joni Mitchell, one of the greatest female singer songwriters, gave up her only daughter for adoption and they did not meet again until 32 years later.
Mary Two-Axe Earley was a Mohawk woman from the reserve of Kahnawake, Quebec. She worked as an indigenous women's rights activist against the gender discrimination that lost indigenous women "status" under the Indian Act. She was the mother of two children.
Margaret Laurence, born in Neepawa, Manitoba became one of the most famous Canadian authors with 16 books to her credit. She was also the mother of two and even wrote a children's book.
Nellie McClung was a women's rights activist, reformer, and legislator who was instrumental in securing women's right to vote. She was also a member of first CBC board of governors, author of 16 books, and was the mother of five children! And, I happened to grow up in the same community as she did, near Wawanesa, Manitoba.
My mom was not famous but she should be. She was the oldest of 14 children, born at the end of the Great Depression on the Canadian prairies. She had to quit school at grade 8 [age 13] to look after her younger siblings and then got married at 19, beginning her own family a few years later. I was her firstborn. My mother managed a market garden and a household of six children, getting an education and a job in psychiatric care in midlife. My mom knew how to live more with less. We never had a lot of money, and she never spent it on herself, and always set some aside for special occasions and family trips and outings. Happy Mother's Day!
Tags Joni Mitchell, Kim Campbell, Margaret Laurence, Mary Two-Axe Earley, Nellie McClung
Women read and preach
My last post was put up in some haste in order to get it out on International Women's Day, so let me finish it with some more thoughts from Nellie McClung about women's leadership in church and society. I recall growing up in Wawanesa, MB and learning that Nellie [Mooney] McClung had grown up in the same community. A number of Mooney families still reside there; I even have a brick from the house in which she lived, salvaged when it was demolished. Thus, there is some local fascination besides the fact that she helped to bring the recognition of "women as persons" to our Canadian constitution, and with it the right to vote. She was a writer and a speaker and known for her wit and strong opinions. The following quotes from her 1915 publication, In Times Like These, indicate that she was a woman of her time, yet since we still do not have gender equality in the world—not even in our own country—her words are still relevant for our own time.
On women and reading:
Long years ago, when women asked for an education, the world cried out that it would never do. If women learned to read it would distract them from the real business of life which was to make home happy for some good man. If women learned to read there seemed a possibility that someday some good man might come home and find his wife reading, and the dinner not ready—and nothing could be imagined more horrible than that! That seems to be the haunting fear of mankind—that the advancement of women will sometime, someway, someplace, interfere with some man's comfort.
I dare say it has and it has been a good thing for all of us!
On women and preaching:
If a woman should feel that she is divinely called of God to deliver a message, I wonder how the church can be so sure that she isn't. There was a rule given long ago which might be used yet to solve such a problem: 'And now I say unto you, refrain from these men, and let them alone, for if this council, or this work be of men, it will come to naught, but if it be of God you cannot overthrow it, lest haply ye be found even to fight against God.'
That seems to be a pretty fair way of looking at the matter of preaching; but the churches have decreed otherwise, and in order to save trouble they have decided themselves and not left it to God. It must be great to feel that you are on the private wire from heaven and qualified to settle a matter which concern the spiritual destiny of other people… The church fails to be effective because it has not the use of one wing of its army, and has no one to blame but itself.
Preach it, Nellie!
Tags feminism, International Women's Day, Nellie McClung, Wawanesa, women preaching