The 2016 Great Bear Rainforest Land Use Order and Great Bear Rainforest (Forest Management) Act will conserve 85% of the forest and 70% of old growth over time, achieving a high level of ecological integrity.
These initiatives also fulfill cultural, social and economic objectives of First Nations and other communities to meet a high level of human well-being. These goals were first announced in 2006. This work will continue as outlined in the land use order and act.
The Great Bear Rainforest covers 6.4 million hectares on British Columbia's north and central coast – equivalent in size to Ireland. This land is home to 26 First Nations that overlap the region and have lived there for millennia.
The Great Bear Rainforest Announcement outlines the forest practices for the area and increases the amount of protected old-growth forest from 50% to 70%. Eight new areas covering almost 295,000 hectares will be off-limits to logging with 85% (3.1 million hectares) of the forest protected and 15% (550,000 hectares) available for logging to support local jobs and strengthen the region's communities.
The agreement also addresses First Nations' cultural heritage resources, freshwater ecosystems, and wildlife habitat.
The amount of habitat protected for marbled murrelet, northern goshawk, grizzly bear, mountain goat, and tailed frog will increase as each new reserve is developed.
The Province signed agreements with the aligned Coastal First Nations, Nanwakolas Council and other individual First Nations to address specific concerns identified by First Nation communities. Most notably, many First Nations will have an increased stake in the region's forest sector.
The Province has also updated agreements with Coastal First Nations, Nanwakolas Council and other first individual First Nations to increase their allocation of forest carbon credits to sell and utilize for development projects of importance to them.
In 2015, working with many of the same First Nations and employing the same ecosystem-based management approach, four Marine Plans for the areas next to the Great Bear Rainforest were completed through the Marine Plan Partnership.
With the Great Bear Rainforest and Marine Plan Partnership combined, the largest land and marine ecosystem in the world will be managed using EBM.
1996 – Land and resource management planning begins on B.C.'s coast.
2000 – Several coastal forest companies and environmental groups agree to collaborate through a Joint Solutions Project.
2003/2004 – Planning participants deliver consensus recommendations to the B.C. government; discussions begin with area First Nations governments.
2006 – B.C. and First Nations announce the Coast Land Use Decision and commit to ecosystem-based management throughout the Great Bear Rainforest.
2007 – New legal land use orders are established for the South Central Coast and Central North Coast.
2009 – B.C. government amends the land use orders to protect 50% of natural historic old growth forests; all participants agree to a five-year work plan to implement ecosystem based management.
2009 – 114 conservancies and 21 biodiversity, mining and tourism areas are established from 2006 to 2009.
2010/2011 – B.C. government reaches reconciliation protocol agreements with Coastal First Nations and Nanwakolas Council. One outcome is to increase their participation in the forest sector and protect cultural and social interests.
2014 – Joint Solutions Project submits detailed recommendations to B.C. government, Coastal First Nations and Nanwakolas Council.
2015 – B.C. government, after government-to-government discussions, invites public comments on a new proposed Great Bear Rainforest land use order and potential new Biodiversity, Mining and Tourism Areas.
2016 – B.C. government enacts new Great Bear Rainforest Land Use Order and the Great Bear Rainforest (Forest Management) Act to legally implement elements of the announcement.


Discussion in 'Introductions' started by tingker, Apr 22, 2013.
Hello everyone, this is the first time I found a great forum on how o make money online. At first I'm just a silent reader. Since this forum has great resources about make money online, so I decided to join.
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Two amazing things are happening on January 1st that I cannot WAIT to share with you guys. First, Justin Levinson is releasing an EP that's crazy good. His previous album (with The Valcours) was in constant rotation while I was writing and revising my last book so you know it's good good good. Justin is definitely a wordsmith worth checking out.
Secondly, A.G. Howard's debut, SPLINTERED, is hitting shelves everywhere. I swear my heart is growing wings and flapping against my ribcage because it's THAT excited about this novel.
Justin and Anita are so darn awesome both creatively (and personally) that I wanted to do a little review of each of their projects. That way when you're looking at those holiday gift cards wondering what you should get, these items are already at the top of your list. If this is how the year is going to start, 2013 is going to be AMAZING. Just you wait.
There are few things I love more than reading and writing. One of those things is baseball, the other is music. I especially have a soft spot in my heart for folk/folk rock, and Vermont based singer/songwriter Justin Levinson's latest EP, Take My Time is an exceptionally delicious snack to sink your teeth into.
Justin writes in a universal language that allows listeners to really connect with the songs because at one point in time, we've all had our hearts broken. We've all dealt with the aftermath of a love gone wrong, we've all been confused about whether or not a relationship can be saved, and most importantly, we've all found the inner strength to move on and try again.
The song that best shows this graduation from heartbreak to finding your way through the darkness is the title track, 'Take My Time'. The lyrics are evocative of someone who is determined to make their dreams come true. Whether it's love, career, or a personal journey, the person in the song is willing to push themselves — even if they're afraid. That's something everyone can aspire towards…being brave even when we don't feel so sure anymore. It's a pretty great message.
The composition of these songs is SO good my meager words won't do them justice. There are violins and acoustic guitars and MORE wonderful backing instruments, and Justin's vocals are the perfect lighthouse to guide you through the storm. If you're looking for music that's got smart lyrics, infectious melodies, and atmosphere for days, this EP is so for you. I know I'm going to be listening to it over and over again.
"SPLINTERED is simply a delicious, disturbing, mad, wonderful read. I can't recommend it highly enough." –Melissa Marr, New York Times Bestselling author of the Wicked Lovely series.
Over the summer I had the privilege of reading SPLINTERED and even if I didn't know Ms. Howard, I'd be obsessed with this book. It's unlike any retelling I've read because it's not really a retelling as much as a re-imagining. Howard has completely transformed the Alice In Wonderland story you remember into something much much much darker. If you think you're getting anywhere CLOSE to the Wonderland you knew, oh my oh my oh my, you are WRONG. So very, very wrong. This book comes alive with new characters. I ADORED the setting, fast-paced plot, and Howard's beautiful writing style. SPLINTERED has got voice for miles, with unexpected plot twists and turns that will keep you turning pages, and a slew of crazy/mad/wonderful characters that you'll immediately fall in love with.
This unique take on the sinister side of Wonderland is delightful and I can't encourage you enough to run to the bookstore on January 1st and buy a copy. TRUST me, you won't regret it. It's got action, adventure, mystery, fantasy, and two swoon-worthy guys that you'll have a tough time choosing between. I don't want to say too much and spoil it, so I'll leave you with a taste of A.G. Howard's sweet prose to whet your appetite.
"I've been collecting bugs since I was ten; it's the only way I can stop their whispers. Sticking a pin through the gut of an insect shuts it up pretty quick.
Some of my victims line the walls in shadow boxes, while others get sorted into mason jars and placed on a bookshelf for later use. Crickets, beetles, spiders…bees and butterflies…" Oh, you want to read more? Oopsie. You're going to have to grab a copy on January 1st!


text:
September 1, 2016 • 12:44 PM
Conduct of Summative Assessment-I (School Based) for Classes IX and X (2016-2017)
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NEWS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
'Science depends on being able to question authority'
Anything that excludes communities and creates an atmosphere of intolerance is probably not good for science, says Nobel Laureate
Spotify launches personalised playlists... for your pets
The streaming service consulted with experts for the animal-friendly feature
Tuberculosis control programme renamed, to focus on elimination
It is no longer known as the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP), and has been rechristened as the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme
2012 Prize in Economic Sciences
The 2012 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was divided equally between Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design".
2012 Nobel Peace Prize
The 2012 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the European Union (EU) "for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe".
2012 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Mo Yan"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary".
2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors".
2012 Nobel Prize in Physics
The 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded jointly to Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual systems".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


By Train: If you are arriving at Gatwick (at any time of day), it is recommended you take a train to London Bridge. Most trains are non-stop and run approximately every 15-20 minutes with a journey time of approximate 30 minutes. A single fare is £10.00.
From London Bridge you can either take a 15 minute walk to our office, or if you wish to travel by tube, take the Northbound Northern line one stop to Bank (Exit 2) where it is a very short walk to Tower 42.
By Taxi: Journey time to central London 60-70 minutes. Cost approximately £80-£90. You can book your taxi in advance through Black Taxi London (http://www.londonblacktaxi.com/airport.htm). A driver will meet you outside the customs area and assist you with your luggage.
By Car: Leaving Gatwick Airport, join the M23 motorway at junction 9 and follow M23 and A23 Brighton to London road into Central London. Journey time to Central London approximately 60-70 minutes.
Gatwick Flight information Tel: +44 870 000 2468.
Each airline has an appointed handling agent to provide check-in, baggage handling and special assistance, including help for disabled passengers and flight information.
By Train: The fastest rail link into Central London from Heathrow airport is the "Heathrow Express" (http://www.heathrowexpress.co.uk) which provides a regular train service to London's Paddington station. If you are arriving in the morning to Heathrow, avoid taking a taxi. During rush hour traffic the Heathrow Express is the fastest way into Central London. Trains leave every 15 minutes and journey times are 15 minutes from Heathrow Central (Terminals 1,2,3) and 20 minutes from Terminal 4. A single ticket costs up to £13.70 for express class and £21.90 for first class (see details of fare and the timetable on the website).
To get to the office from Paddington, either take a taxi or get the Circle Line to Monument Station. From Monument the office is a 7-10 minute walk away.
By Taxi: Each Heathrow terminal has clearly signposted taxi ranks. Expect a fare of between £50-65. Journey time 50-60 minutes. You can book your taxi in advance through Black Cab London (http://www.londonblacktaxi.com/airport.htm). A driver will meet you outside the customs area and assist you with your luggage. Black Cab London can also arrange your return journey at the time of booking. You can contact Black Cab London from the U.S. on 1-877 405 7622.
By Car: Follow signs for M4 motorway and Central London. The journey time by car from Heathrow to Central London is around 50-60 minutes.
By Underground: (http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/standard-tube-map.pdf) Heathrow airport has two Underground stations - one shared by Terminals 1, 2, and 3, the other at Terminal 4. Both provide regular train services on London Underground's Piccadilly Line into Central London. Trains run every 5-9 minutes, approximately between the hours of 5:00 am and 11:30 pm. The average journey time is 45-50 minutes into central London. The one-way fare to Zone 1, the central zone, is £3.70. If you arrive after 9:30 am, a One Day Travelcard costs £5.10 and gives unlimited travel on London Underground tubes and buses. The nearest underground stations to our London Office is Liverpool Street (Circle), Bank (Northern) and Monument (District and Circle).


Electric motorcycle blogger Ben Rich (of whom one might remember from a series of posts/video reports on his "Three Country Tout" here on InsideeEVs) visited San Francisco to test drive the Energica EVA through the winding roads to Alice's restaurant.
4 Comments on "Energica EVA Test Ride Review – Video"
A $35k bike better be well received.
I mean heck you can buy a Bolt for that!
Yeah sure a bike that basically came up in a few videos, did a pikes peak, and was never heard from ever again, and never showed up at IoM TT Zero. Sorry but the Lightning LS-218 is basically non-existent these days. I haven't seen or heard from it in years yet people keep acting as if they are being readily produced and sold.


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Signed by the author Roger Eckstine & Hoffner Knives Brian Hoffner. A complete and comprehensive guide to fixed and folding knives for hunting, survival, personal defense, and everyday carry.
This book is full of beautiful photos and good information on any and all relevant knife companies.


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Textron Aviation opens new parts facility in Australia to support regional fleet growth
WICHITA, Kan. (Sept. 11, 2019) – Textron Aviation Inc., a Textron Inc. (NYSE:TXT) company, today announced the company opened an aircraft parts warehouse in Australia to support its industry leading fleet of business jets, turboprops and piston aircraft. The parts warehouse will be co-located at Essendon Fields Airport with Premiair Aviation Maintenance Pty Ltd, a Textron Aviation Authorized Service Facility.
"With Premiair established as our new ASF for Australia, we are enhancing our regional parts availability. This represents another step in our ongoing commitment to Textron Aviation aircraft owners in Australia and across the Asia-Pacific region," said Brad Thress, senior vice president of Parts and Programs at Textron Aviation.
Customers, operators, MROs and channel partners will have the option to purchase factory direct parts through Textron Aviation's ecommerce website or local sales and support staff. Parts will be shipped locally from Essendon.
"Adding this new parts facility to Textron Aviation's support capabilities increases its level of customer service for Beechcraft, Cessna and Hawker aircraft in the region," said Paul Montauban, managing director of Premiair Aviation. "Customer Service is why our customers come to us, so providing spare parts delivery – shipped the same day in most instances – is another way to ensure comprehensive support."
The new Australia facility follows the recent expansion of Textron Aviation's Singapore parts warehouse to better serve customers in the Asia-Pacific region.
Global Parts Expansion
About Textron Aviation Inc.
Textron Aviation Inc. is the leading general aviation authority and home to the Beechcraft, Cessna and Hawker brands, which account for more than half of all general aviation aircraft flying. The Textron Aviation brands represent unrivaled innovation, performance and leadership in the industry, and offer an unmatched value proposition rooted in the total ownership experience. Leveraging unparalleled speed-to-market, Textron Aviation provides the most versatile and comprehensive business and general aviation product portfolio in the world through five principal lines of business: business jets, general aviation and special mission turboprop aircraft, high performance piston aircraft, military trainer and defense aircraft and a complete global customer service organization. Textron Aviation has delivered more than 250,000 aircraft in over 170 countries. Its broad range of products include such best-selling aircraft as Citation business jets, King Air and Caravan turboprops and T-6 military trainer aircraft, all of which are backed by the industry's most capable global service network. For more information, visit www.txtav.com
About Textron Inc.
Textron Inc. is a multi-industry company that leverages its global network of aircraft, defense, industrial and finance businesses to provide customers with innovative solutions and services. Textron is known around the world for its powerful brands such as Bell, Cessna, Beechcraft, Hawker, Jacobsen, Kautex, Lycoming, E-Z-GO, Arctic Cat, Textron Systems, and TRU Simulation + Training. For more information, visit: www.textron.com
Certain statements in this press release are forward-looking statements which may project revenues or describe strategies, goals, outlook or other non-historical matters; these statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
Revolutionary Citation Longitude enters the NetJets fleet
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Textron Aviation marks successful wing and fuselage mate of the first Cessna SkyCourier aircraft; begins next phase in development
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Description: A distinctive charm is revealed with this elegant, nature inspired design as Oak Leaves and Acorns adorn a Silver Mica shade with a curvaceous profile. A stunning design, the Oak leaves symbolize strength, endurance, eternity, honor, hospitality and virtue. The decorative accents and hardware are featured in an Oil Rubbed Bronze finish. The fixture is handcrafted in Meyda's manufacturing facility, at the foothills of the majestic Adirondack Mountains in the USA. Custom colors, styles, sizes and dimmable energy efficient lamping options are available. The fixture is UL and cUL listed for damp and dry locations.


Blog:7 – Fluegel, über dies und jenes, Kunst, Design, Fotografie.
read what they post when they do and comment they'll appreciate it!
RSS (or atom) Feeds are a really powerful tool to either stay in touch with information you value, get updates real quick and spend less time on getting information you want. About every blog, online gallery or news site has its own feed. Here a quick sum up how to use this efficiently, both as reader and as a publisher (artist, blogger, or if you run a community).
Rss, atom feed = a stream of information divided into different parts like headline, content, attachment.
Why use this technique in the first place?
Because it saves you time and makes managing your inputs of information easily. You don't want to visit every site you like, where there could be new content daily. You have a chance that there is no new content and you leave again, without any gain. Further, you don't have to remember all the places for valuable information around the internet, you just subscribe to the feeds and will be noticed when there is new content to see or read.
How do I use it then?
Many programs support feeds, browsers (like IE, Firefox, Opera, Chrome) mail clients (like Thunderbird or Windows Live Mail) or dedicated feed readers (like Shrook for Mac, Liferea and Akregator for Linux or Feedreader for Windows). There are also online services that collect your feeds in your browser window, accessible from everywhere (example: bloglines, google reader, netvibes).
Why you should run a website or use a service (countless, like deviantART, flickr, blogger, blogspot, livejournal, wordpress) that supports feeds is because you reach your readers fast and you have a better chance that people that like what you do will come back or stay in touch through this feed. They might want to subscribe to your feed, but not visit your website manually every day to check if there are updates. If you post content (like photos, poems, blogposts) irregularly it will increase the number of your readers.
How will I know if people use this feature?
Simple: if your sites views go up, minutes after you have submitted new content, people have very probably subscribed to your feed. I see it myself, when I promote new content through links with bit.ly I have more readers online than clicked the link that lead to the article. These are readers that have subscribed. Another option is to use a service like Feedburner to monitor readers. Also there are plugins for most content management systems that show referrers or count hits on your feed-url.
But I want people to visit the website!
No problem, you can distribute a short summary of the article and not the whole content through the feed, which only gives the user a headline and the summary, if they want to read the whole article, they have to go to that article, by clicking the link. If you are not depending on advertisement on your website, I recommend you distribute all the content though. Below a screenshot of the wordpress rss settings.
I'm at the point where I don't want to go back. It works and it works well. I have not found major flaws that would make me switch back to Firefox. The primitive bookmark management is under development and I'm not finished looking for plugins to support it better (especially tags). I like the concept of the unibar, the merge of address and search field. Okay, it's not that great, but it's very comfortable to use and as far as I know it will be in Firefox 4.0 too.
A plugin I do not need with Chromium is Tabs open relative. Chromium automatically opens links from a tab right to it and not at the end of the line.
RSS-Feeder is a little Extension that shows a little RSS-icon in the address bar if feeds are available. As I use LiFeRea (Linux Feed Reader) as a desktop feed reader, that's just the simplicity I need.


text:
Home / Legal News / Milwaukee County Jail to stop cooperating with ICE agents
Milwaukee County Jail to stop cooperating with ICE agents
By: Associated Press	March 11, 2019 8:31 am
MILWAUKEE (AP) — The Milwaukee County Sheriff's Office will no longer share information about people detained in the jail with federal immigration officials.
Sheriff Earnell Lucas recently announced that the office won't offer information about detainees to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents unless they're presented with a valid judicial warrant, Wisconsin Public Radio reported. Lucas said he wants to avoid lawsuits that law-enforcement agencies throughout the country have been faced with for holding detainees for an additional 48 hours to let ICE agents possibly take custody.
"One of the things we need to do in Milwaukee County is avoid costly litigation and judgment awards," said Lucas, who took office Jan. 7. "It's not politics. It's the right thing to do."
But Lucas' policy is a significant departure from that of his predecessors, David Clarke, the firebrand former sheriff who resigned from the post more than a year early and joined a political action committee that supports President Donald Trump. Clarke's administration fully cooperated with ICE and even attempted to sign an agreement allowing deputies to perform the functions of ICE agents.
The county didn't approve the agreement after getting pushback from the public immigrant-advocacy groups, including Voces de la Frontera.
The group's spokeswoman, Jasmine Gonzalez, said Lucas' policy change will help restore trust with immigrant groups.
Many crimes go unreported because those living in the country without legal permission fear deportation, she said.
"Folks were terrified to report crimes when they needed help from law enforcement," Gonzalez said. "People who truly needed this support were unable to seek assistance because they were living in fear of having their lives shattered."
8:31 am Mon, March 11, 2019 Wisconsin Law Journal - WI Legal News & Resources
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text:
Single-step plasma synthesis of carbon-coated silicon nanoparticles
Rohan P. Chaukulkar, Koen de Peuter, Paul Stradins, Svitlana Pylypenko, Jacob P. Bell, Yongan Yang, Sumit Agarwal
Plasma & Materials Processing
We have developed a novel single-step technique based on nonthermal, radio frequency (rf) plasmas to synthesize sub-10 nm, core-shell, carbon-coated crystalline Si (c-Si) nanoparticles (NPs) for potential application in Li+ batteries and as fluorescent markers. Hydrogen-terminated c-Si NPs nucleate and grow in a SiH4-containing, low-temperature plasma in the upstream section of a tubular quartz reactor. The c-Si NPs are then transported downstream by gas flow, and are coated with amorphous carbon (a-C) in a second C2H2-containing plasma. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that a thin, < 1 nm, 3C-SiC layer forms at the c-Si/a-C interface. By varying the downstream C2H2 plasma rf power, we can alter the nature of the a-C coating as well as the thickness of the interfacial 3C-SiC layer. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis is in agreement with the Si NP core size determined by Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. The size of the c-Si NP core, and the corresponding light emission from these NPs, was directly controlled by varying the thickness of the interfacial 3C-SiC layer. This size tunable emission thus also demonstrates the versatility of this technique for synthesizing c-Si NPs for potential applications in light emitting diodes, biological markers, and nanocrystal inks.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://doi.org/10.1021/am504913n
nanoparticle synthesis
radio frequency plasmas
Si nanoparticles
10.1021/am504913n
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Single-step plasma synthesis of carbon-coated silicon nanoparticles'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Silica nanoparticles Chemical Compounds
Silicon Chemical Compounds
Nanoparticles Chemical Compounds
Carbon Chemical Compounds
Plasmas Chemical Compounds
Amorphous carbon Chemical Compounds
Photoluminescence spectroscopy Chemical Compounds
Chaukulkar, R. P., Peuter, K. D., Stradins, P., Pylypenko, S., Bell, J. P., Yang, Y., & Agarwal, S. (2014). Single-step plasma synthesis of carbon-coated silicon nanoparticles. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(21), 19026-19034. https://doi.org/10.1021/am504913n
Chaukulkar, Rohan P. ; Peuter, Koen de ; Stradins, Paul ; Pylypenko, Svitlana ; Bell, Jacob P. ; Yang, Yongan ; Agarwal, Sumit. / Single-step plasma synthesis of carbon-coated silicon nanoparticles. In: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2014 ; Vol. 6, No. 21. pp. 19026-19034.
@article{694bcc16fb74486ca397f5349e640575,
title = "Single-step plasma synthesis of carbon-coated silicon nanoparticles",
abstract = "We have developed a novel single-step technique based on nonthermal, radio frequency (rf) plasmas to synthesize sub-10 nm, core-shell, carbon-coated crystalline Si (c-Si) nanoparticles (NPs) for potential application in Li+ batteries and as fluorescent markers. Hydrogen-terminated c-Si NPs nucleate and grow in a SiH4-containing, low-temperature plasma in the upstream section of a tubular quartz reactor. The c-Si NPs are then transported downstream by gas flow, and are coated with amorphous carbon (a-C) in a second C2H2-containing plasma. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that a thin, < 1 nm, 3C-SiC layer forms at the c-Si/a-C interface. By varying the downstream C2H2 plasma rf power, we can alter the nature of the a-C coating as well as the thickness of the interfacial 3C-SiC layer. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis is in agreement with the Si NP core size determined by Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. The size of the c-Si NP core, and the corresponding light emission from these NPs, was directly controlled by varying the thickness of the interfacial 3C-SiC layer. This size tunable emission thus also demonstrates the versatility of this technique for synthesizing c-Si NPs for potential applications in light emitting diodes, biological markers, and nanocrystal inks.",
keywords = "nanoparticle synthesis, radio frequency plasmas, Si nanoparticles",
author = "Chaukulkar, {Rohan P.} and Peuter, {Koen de} and Paul Stradins and Svitlana Pylypenko and Bell, {Jacob P.} and Yongan Yang and Sumit Agarwal",
doi = "10.1021/am504913n",
journal = "ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces",
Chaukulkar, RP, Peuter, KD, Stradins, P, Pylypenko, S, Bell, JP, Yang, Y & Agarwal, S 2014, 'Single-step plasma synthesis of carbon-coated silicon nanoparticles', ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 6, no. 21, pp. 19026-19034. https://doi.org/10.1021/am504913n
Single-step plasma synthesis of carbon-coated silicon nanoparticles. / Chaukulkar, Rohan P.; Peuter, Koen de; Stradins, Paul; Pylypenko, Svitlana; Bell, Jacob P.; Yang, Yongan; Agarwal, Sumit.
In: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, No. 21, 01.01.2014, p. 19026-19034.
T1 - Single-step plasma synthesis of carbon-coated silicon nanoparticles
AU - Chaukulkar, Rohan P.
AU - Peuter, Koen de
AU - Stradins, Paul
AU - Pylypenko, Svitlana
AU - Bell, Jacob P.
AU - Yang, Yongan
AU - Agarwal, Sumit
N2 - We have developed a novel single-step technique based on nonthermal, radio frequency (rf) plasmas to synthesize sub-10 nm, core-shell, carbon-coated crystalline Si (c-Si) nanoparticles (NPs) for potential application in Li+ batteries and as fluorescent markers. Hydrogen-terminated c-Si NPs nucleate and grow in a SiH4-containing, low-temperature plasma in the upstream section of a tubular quartz reactor. The c-Si NPs are then transported downstream by gas flow, and are coated with amorphous carbon (a-C) in a second C2H2-containing plasma. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that a thin, < 1 nm, 3C-SiC layer forms at the c-Si/a-C interface. By varying the downstream C2H2 plasma rf power, we can alter the nature of the a-C coating as well as the thickness of the interfacial 3C-SiC layer. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis is in agreement with the Si NP core size determined by Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. The size of the c-Si NP core, and the corresponding light emission from these NPs, was directly controlled by varying the thickness of the interfacial 3C-SiC layer. This size tunable emission thus also demonstrates the versatility of this technique for synthesizing c-Si NPs for potential applications in light emitting diodes, biological markers, and nanocrystal inks.
AB - We have developed a novel single-step technique based on nonthermal, radio frequency (rf) plasmas to synthesize sub-10 nm, core-shell, carbon-coated crystalline Si (c-Si) nanoparticles (NPs) for potential application in Li+ batteries and as fluorescent markers. Hydrogen-terminated c-Si NPs nucleate and grow in a SiH4-containing, low-temperature plasma in the upstream section of a tubular quartz reactor. The c-Si NPs are then transported downstream by gas flow, and are coated with amorphous carbon (a-C) in a second C2H2-containing plasma. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that a thin, < 1 nm, 3C-SiC layer forms at the c-Si/a-C interface. By varying the downstream C2H2 plasma rf power, we can alter the nature of the a-C coating as well as the thickness of the interfacial 3C-SiC layer. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis is in agreement with the Si NP core size determined by Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. The size of the c-Si NP core, and the corresponding light emission from these NPs, was directly controlled by varying the thickness of the interfacial 3C-SiC layer. This size tunable emission thus also demonstrates the versatility of this technique for synthesizing c-Si NPs for potential applications in light emitting diodes, biological markers, and nanocrystal inks.
KW - nanoparticle synthesis
KW - radio frequency plasmas
KW - Si nanoparticles
U2 - 10.1021/am504913n
DO - 10.1021/am504913n
JO - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
JF - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Chaukulkar RP, Peuter KD, Stradins P, Pylypenko S, Bell JP, Yang Y et al. Single-step plasma synthesis of carbon-coated silicon nanoparticles. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2014 Jan 1;6(21):19026-19034. https://doi.org/10.1021/am504913n


In addition to our archival work, the Chisholm Project organizes multimedia projects and host various public talks and conferences to maintain the intellectual and political tradition of Congresswoman Chisholm.
Our signature event is our annual Chisholm Day celebration. Chisholm Day serves a three-fold purpose: to keep Chisholm's memory alive, to engage the public on issues of social justice and to educate both the public and academic communities. In Chisholm Days past, we have welcomed a number of renowned activists, scholars, intellectuals and community leaders as our keynote speakers and honored guests. If you are interested in listening to guest speakers and BC student speakers from past Chisholm day gatherings, visit our Oral History Project.


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Pamela Althoff: The Evolution of Adult-Use Cannabis In Illinois
Wed / Apr 22nd
Hosted by TG Branfalt
Pamela Althoff is the Executive Director of the Cannabis Business Association of Illinois, the state's top cannabis industry trade organization, and a former state senator.
Continued after the jump.
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Pamela joined our host TG Branfalt for a discussion in January about the launch of Illinois' adult-use cannabis program, the legislative efforts that preceded it, the work being done by the Cannabis Business Association of Illinois to make the transition smooth for both cannabis patients and companies working in the space, how Illinois could influence even more states to legalize, and more!
Tune in to this week's episode of the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast via the media player below or scroll further down to find a full transcript of the interview.
Read the transcript:
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TG Branfalt: Hey there, I'm your host TG Branfalt, and thank you for listening to the Ganjapreneur.com podcast where we try to bring you actionable information and normalize cannabis through the stories of ganjapreneurs, activists and industry stakeholders. Today I'm joined by Pamela Althoff. She's the Executive Director of the Cannabis Business Association of Illinois, a statewide cannabis industry organization advocating for patient wellbeing, consumer safety, social equity and inclusion, job creation, community investment, and responsible cannabis use. She's also a former state senator, an Illinois Senate Republican Caucus Chair. How are you doing this morning, Pamela?
Pamela Althoff: I am great. How are you, sir?
TG Branfalt: I'm doing just fine. I'm really excited to sink my teeth into this interview today. We're going to talk about Illinois, we're going to talk about politics. But before we do any of that, I want to get to know about you a little bit. What's your background and how'd you end up in the cannabis space?
Pamela Althoff: My background is actually as a long ago graduate of Illinois State University in education, taught school for a long time, met a boy, moved, could not find a job in education, so went through a series of sales positions, ultimately got engaged in local politics, and when my state senator stepped down due to illness, I was at that time a local mayor and my mayors advocated for me to be his replacement. I was appointed to the State Senate in 2003 and served until 2018. That's my professional background. How I got in the cannabis space is another crazy story which just goes to prove you got to take those opportunities when they're given to you.
The executive director of the Medical Cannabis Alliance, which is what our organization began as when the State of Illinois only had a medical program, stepped down to take a position with the new administration in Illinois after the 2018 election, and when they went searching for a new executive director, my name showed up on several of the lists of lobbyists in Springfield as well as some of the board members, and here I am.
TG Branfalt: That's really incredible. In the change from medical to recreational, what is the organization doing differently? What are they advocating for now?
Pamela Althoff: Well, I don't know if it's changed that dramatically, except that we're acknowledging that the State of Illinois has decided to become the first state to legislatively legalize cannabis, and so we have changed our medical organization, which was pretty tightly, loosely grouped set of same players. We knew each other, we had gone through the application process together. Obviously, we provided the product to the dispensary, so it was a closed group. The state regulated that industry very carefully. There were only so many licenses available. So rather than being just limited to medical, we decided early February, March when it looked like we were going, the state was going to legalize cannabis, that we needed to evolve to meet the new needs of the State of Illinois in a larger more focused cannabis association. So we just went from that medical focus to now we represent the entire industry here in the State of Illinois.
TG Branfalt: So what were some of the changes that came about with the medical program specifically when legislators decided to legalize cannabis and the launch of that market?
Pamela Althoff: I think what it was is the medical industry, because we were so well vetted by the State of Illinois regulators, the larger piece moving into recreational was to allow the existing cannabis industry in the state to open recreational dispensaries and continue to cultivate the cannabis product. We also work very, very collaboratively with all of our stakeholders, which was law enforcement, regulators, legislators and other vested minority representatives to ensure that our social equity piece of this legislation met the needs of our elected officials, and a lot of that was to ensure that the cannabis industry reflected more of the population diversity in the State of Illinois. We wanted to give those who were just proportionately impacted by the war on drugs an opportunity to gain access into the industry. Whether that was through owner/operator opportunities or whether that was through a career, we didn't care. We just wanted very seriously to provide that opportunity to those people that were impacted, those families that were impacted by the war on drugs.
TG Branfalt: When you guys were looking at these social equity provisions, did you look towards other states for your model or did you guys develop something in-house in collaboration as you said?
Pamela Althoff: Well, I'll be very frank here. We didn't find any other really viable options in other states. We're all struggling with how that would look, and I think we took … It's why the legislation which actually started many years ago, I would tell you that almost immediately after we started the medical pilot program, legislators started to advocate for recreational use, and so this was a significantly long … Even though I don't think that most of the population in Illinois realized it, there was a great deal of upfront work done by concerned legislators, particularly the sponsors, Senator Steans and Representative Cassidy. We looked at how we wanted and how we wanted to ensure that it was legal, that our social equity programs would meet constitutional muster, and it took us, again, a lot of collaboration with a lot of individual people and I think that we've got a great framework, a really good template.
Now the challenge to all of us, the industry as well as those people, the regulators and elected officials and again the individuals who will gain access to the industry, it's up to us now to ensure that we're going to make it work. That's always the challenge once you put the framework into place, is then to carry it out. I think that we are all committed to working together to ensure that there's a great deal of success. I happen to know that other states, particularly out East — Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey — are looking at the State of Illinois social equity parameters and are trying to incorporate what we've done into their legislation right now.
TG Branfalt: Well, I think a lot of the states that you mentioned, I live in New York myself, we don't have a ballot referendum, and I think a lots of states are looking towards the process in Illinois, again as you said, the first state to legalize through the legislature. Tell me about the run-up to recreational sales. What were the most prevailing concerns for business owners in the space?
Pamela Althoff: Well, the industry business owners were a little concerned about making sure that we had product availability. Let me take two steps back and set the stage. We had an administration, the Pritzker administration was very supportive and very committed to legalizing cannabis. We talked a long time about how we all recognize that there already is an illicit market here in the State of Illinois, and the idea is if it exists, then isn't it our obligation to ensure that we legalize and make sure that those people who choose to consume have a safe and a quality product? The medical program worked extraordinarily well. In all of the time that the medical program was in existence, up and running, there was not a single diversion from the State of Illinois. So when you saw all of those "drug busts" throughout the country, not once did they ever find a product that came from the State of Illinois. That's how well we had regulated the medical industry.
As we ran into recreational, two things happened. One, we kept the same high standards as we went forward. But as I had stated earlier, the Pritzker administration was so committed to this that they also chose to expand the medical conditions that would be acceptable to the medical cannabis program. So when we passed the recreational program, we had the perfect storm. We had an increase in the conditions that allowed patients to access the medical program, and then we legalized recreational. So we had this huge demand almost immediately from the medical side, and then we only had a six-month run up to January 1 to be ready for a brand new recreational market. So there was some concern again about product availability. The first license for recreational growth was not received until August.
TG Branfalt: Wow.
Pamela Althoff: Yeah, and I remind everyone that cannabis is not a widget. It takes time to grow. It's a crop, it's a product that needs 12 to 16 weeks to actually come to fruition. So there was concern about that from the very beginning. We believe that we will actually be up to full thrust by May of 2020, and we'll be able to be regularly providing product not only to the existing dispensaries that now can sell recreational product, but also to those dispensaries that are currently in the queue to be reviewed and potentially licensed. There's 75 new licenses that are available that are being reviewed as we speak, all of those applicants. That really was the largest concern. Then the legislation that was passed gave huge amount of ability to local units of government to make determinations on whether or not they wanted to engage in the new adult use cannabis market.
In other words, if they chose not to let these companies locate within their corporate boundaries, that in fact was up to them. So the industry, even though the state legalized it, was not exactly sure how that was going to be handled on a local basis. We did have communities that housed a medical dispensary already who chose not to engage in the adult use or in the recreational icing of cannabis. So then we had dispensaries that had to make decisions about where they're going to stay there and continue to operate as a medicinal dispensary or whether they actually were going to choose to relocate and only deal on recreational. So those were some of [inaudible 00:13:38] the bumps, they're a little bit of challenges, not unanticipated but certainly something that we need to address.
TG Branfalt: How many communities do you know, percentage wise, how many have opted out? I know in Massachusetts, it's upwards of 70%, in California it's over 60%. Do you have figures for that in Illinois?
Pamela Althoff: Not in that kind of a fashion. I can tell you that there were 55 medical dispensaries operating and approved by the State of Illinois that were permitted to immediately apply for and obtain, if they had local zoning, a license for recreational cannabis. Out of those 55, I believe we are only at 32 that have obtained their license and are operating. Some obtained a license from the state but did not get their local zoning, some of the dispensaries are still awaiting the decision by local government to decide whether or not they're going to permit the adult use.
TG Branfalt: Since legal sales have launched, you said that there was concern about shortages, there've been reports of shortages, even some dispensers being forced to temporarily close due to these sorts of shortages, how are operators that you're working with overcoming these early supply challenges?
Pamela Althoff: Well, I always tell people it depends what you mean by shortages. I would tell you that, first and foremost, the Illinois cannabis industry remains committed to their medical patients. Basically the way the legislation worked is cannabis patients had to register with a specific dispensary to obtain their cannabis product. So these are longterm relationships where often the patients were recognized right by the people who were selling them their cannabis product, their medical product. So we're very cognizant of the responsibility that we owe these patients. So in the legislation, there is a requirement that each dispensary maintain a 30-day inventory that meets the need of our medical patients. So that too added to the recognition that we're not going to have as much recreational product as people originally thought. So operators who have cultivation did apply for recreational licenses to be able to expand their existing facilities and start to grow immediately. All 20 cultivation sites that were approved by the State of Illinois also obtained permission to expand their facilities.
TG Branfalt: Oh wow.
Pamela Althoff: Yeah. They're all up and getting ready, or some of them are actually almost completed with construction, which is why we're saying that we anticipated this, we just ran into a few hiccups and bumps. One of them also being as obtaining equipment. California too is going through all of a sudden a large expansion within the cannabis industry, and off times we're hearing here in Illinois that the required environmentally appropriate lighting, watering, all of the facilities or the equipment that we need for the expansions are on backorder because they're being diverted to California right now, which just beat us a little bit in that kind of expansion role. So some of the construction is a little bit behind because of that, but everyone is committed to being up and running.
We are also, as an association, committed to trying to ensure that we are dispersing product across all dispensaries throughout the State of Illinois so that they all have some product. But as you might expect, some of our medical patients want to try the new strains that are available and may not be interested in gaining access to something that they had been using in the past. We also have noted that people still are very much interested in flower, and so there was somewhat of a run on a lot of the flower product while we still had available consumables. So again, it depends how you define shortages. We had product but we may not have had the product that you specifically wanted access to.
TG Branfalt: You said that you expect to be fully fleshed out the market by May where everyone's up and running. What does your organization envision the market looking like, say in about a year? Are there any expectations for social use provisions in different cities or on a statewide basis?
Pamela Althoff: Sure. Tim, it's funny that you bring that up. We are already anticipating social use. In fact, I believe at the end of this month, because the State of Illinois allowed local units of government to address those issues, we allowed consumption in tobacco shops and in areas that are under the same roof as dispensaries. There has to be a wall in between the dispensary and where you would have onsite consumption, but again it would have to be under the same … within the same building. It just so happens that the City of Springfield, Illinois is actually going to be considering an ordinance at the end of this month to approve an onsite consumption lounge in conjunction with one of their local dispensaries. So I anticipate over the next year we're going to see a lot of that local action. City of Chicago is discussing how they're going to deal with this, and I'm also going to suggest that, come spring session in Illinois, we're going to see several pieces of legislation addressing some type of onsite consumption within the State of Illinois
TG Branfalt: Are there anything else that might be … Is delivery something that's permitted or going to be permitted? Are there any sort of these adjacent services that you expect lawmakers maybe to address in the upcoming session?
Pamela Althoff: Illinois is still somewhat of a conservative state, which is again one of the reason that legislators chose to allow local units of government to make some of those decisions. We discussed during the crafting of the legalization, legislation, delivery and those kinds of associated services, and it was just felt that it was too early for Illinois to address those things and get a piece of legislation passed. Again, as we move forward, if we are responsible and again we demonstrate "good behavior," I'm going to gather that we too here in Illinois will see the maturing of the cannabis industry. But as a former legislator, I always tell people we evaluate the next step based on current behavior by everyone.
So it's one of our main goals and main missions to ensure that our message to now our consumers both medically as well as from a retail basis understand it is crucial for us to be responsible in the way that we utilize cannabis in the State of Illinois. Otherwise, we're going to see the regulators remain vigilant and rather rigid I think. So it just depends on how well this is received and how well we do again with the social equity piece.
TG Branfalt: As a former lawmaker, you had said earlier that cannabis legalization was being talked about by lawmakers shortly after medical, and to many people watching the industry, it was a surprise that Illinois came out fast, quickly, had a market basically online six months after Michigan, which had voted for it the year prior. As a former lawmaker, was it a surprise to you at how, I don't want to say quickly, but how much support I guess legalization had in the previous session?
Pamela Althoff: Well, I'm going to argue with you. I don't think it did. I think that the sponsors of the legislation crafted a core group of legislators that worked very collaboratively and really worked to educate the rest of the legislators in Illinois. It really was a lengthy process, as I stated. They started working on this issue almost immediately after we had approved the medical program, which was back in 2011. So it may have appeared that Illinois moved rapidly, but that's I think just because people started to read about it in the paper as the legislation moved forward. But there was a huge amount of upfront education that was being done in Springfield in the General Assembly to make legislators feel more comfortable. Again as I stated, part of our success was because the medical program had been so well regulated and so responsive to that regulation that there was I think a more comfort level felt by many of the legislators going ahead and approving the legalization of adults social use cannabis.
Then there was the provision about the expungement. That was an important piece to a lot of legislators to ensure that we did in fact have a vibrant expungement program for those people who were arrested for now the legal possession limits, and State's Attorney Kim Foxx was very instrumental in helping us craft that program. As you can see now in Illinois, many of our state's attorneys are moving forward to ensure that those records are in fact expunged in a timely fashion. Again, I think that the social equity piece was another incentive for many legislators to climb on board, so to speak, and support the legislation because it did give communities as well. There's a provision in the bill that gives them access to grant programs to communities that also were just proportionately impacted. So we wove in a lot of good outcomes for a wide variety of entities within the legislation. It just wasn't about the cannabis industry. It was broader than that. I think that that is what helped us gain additional support from other legislators. I mean, even a few Republicans voted for the bill, Tim.
TG Branfalt: I got to ask. You were the former Republican Caucus Chair for the Senate. Why do you think, as a Republican … I have two questions for you. Were you always pro-cannabis, and why do you think that so many in your party still stand opposed to broader legalization?
Pamela Althoff: For me, yes. I don't want to give away my age or anything, but I was a child of the '70s, so maybe my past perspective played into that. It was also, again, even for me, an educational process. I was always very supportive of cannabis as a medical product. In fact, how I think my association members became familiar with me is I was one of the advocates for the option of cannabis as an alternative to opioids. I was very, very much engaged in that process here in Illinois. Through that, I became, again, much more comfortable in offering the availability to people to legally gain access to cannabis. As I stated, we all know that there was a very robust illicit market here in the State of Illinois, and so I have to tell you that I believed strongly that it would be wiser and smarter and more of a health safety issue for people here in the state to have a good quality, safe product to consume as opposed to something that they're not exactly sure what's in it.
As to Republicans, I think that that's just an easy division. I know many Republicans who voted for the medical cannabis program and I know several Republicans that also voted for the recreationalizing of cannabis here in Illinois too. If there is a perception, it might be because, again, the largest entity that really advocated against recreationalizing cannabis were church-affiliated groups. Again, there might be a thought process that many Republicans still are very faith-based associated or affiliated, and so it might be that they felt that they were truly representing their constituent base from that perspective.
TG Branfalt: I mean, but it does look like … I mean in New York, just to be fair, I mean it was the downstate Democrats that really stopped it from passing last year. But nationally, you look at the house, democratically controlled actually, passing the SAFE Banking Act, the committees are passing the Moore Act, which would federally legalize cannabis effectively. But the Senate, it's a nonstarter. I mean, to say that it's sort of an appearance issue, I mean I-
Pamela Althoff: You're talking on a federal level?
TG Branfalt: Yeah. I mean, the Rs and the Ds, I mean there's a split there when it comes to cannabis policy, and I'm just wondering is it purely the faith-base or is there really some entrenched moral position? I lean sort of libertarian and I believe in state's rights and that people should have the ability to do what they want so long as it's not harming other people. Right?
Pamela Althoff: Mm-hmm (affirmative).
TG Branfalt: If you talk to my dad, who is a Republican, he would agree with that statement. He supports cannabis legalization as well. But why is it a harder conversation to have amongst Republicans than it is Democrats?
Pamela Althoff: It's hard for me to answer that because I'm one of those Republicans that's kind of on the other side of that issue. I'm going to have to guess that most of those individuals feel that they are representing a portion of the population that still believes as … We were all educated. I was an educator and I can remember having numerous curriculum plans that cannabis was a gateway drug to harder substance abuse, etc, and that perception and that belief might still be very much ingrained in a lot of individuals across the board, and Republicans might feel that those are exactly the individuals that they represent.
TG Branfalt: Okay. How can advocates try to find common ground with people they typically don't see eye to eye with regard to this one issue?
Pamela Althoff: It's funny. That has been one of the skillsets that I think that most people identify with me as a former legislator. I think you have to create safe havens for conversation. Education is the only way any issue finally gets addressed, resolved, moves forward, whatever phrase you'd like to use in that respect. But it's creating an atmosphere and a culture where people who disagree can walk into a room and start to exchange information and carry that conversation forward. It is. It's education. I made that statement earlier in our interview. I believe firmly that that's exactly why we were successful in passing the adult use/recreational use of cannabis in Illinois, is we spent a vast amount of time and detailed information was provided to educate and make our legislators feel more comfortable in taking the action.
I think that that's what most elected officials need, is they need the information and ability to go back to their constituents who obviously elect them, place them in office, they need that information to have that dialogue with their constituents and bring them forward and understand that as with all things, it just changes. Our social agendas, our country, everything evolves and is completely different than it was 10, 15, 20 years ago.
TG Branfalt: What was the reaction from your former Republican colleagues when you end up the Executive Director of the Cannabis Business Association of Illinois?
Pamela Althoff: You know what? It's funny. I would tell you that people who know me well rolled their eyes and said, "Of course, you'd do that," again, knowing my background and my ability to pull very, very different diverse individuals into a room and come up and build a consensus and craft legislation that we could actually get passed. That was my forte. So obviously, I would be someone who wants to get involved in brand new and bringing people together and talking about the issue and shining the little spotlight on it so that we can have those conversations. I mean, I'm a former educator. Can you hear that? I truly believe that those kinds of exchanges are crucial in any nascent start of whether it's an industry, whether it's a social concept, whatever. I think it's absolutely crucial to continue to have honest exchange between differing opinions.
TG Branfalt: Well, I think you bring up a really good point that this is not only an industry that launches, this is an entirely new sort of social structure, a new social sort of construct. I want to thank you for your candor. I've tried very hard to have Republicans on this show and they've balked assuming that I'm going to be confrontational but … So I really appreciate you answering those questions for me. That's something I've wanted to ask somebody for a very long time. What advice would you have for entrepreneurs who are interested in opening up a cannabis business in Illinois?
Pamela Althoff: There are numerous opportunities to attend events and seminars. I would be cautious in determining whether they're viable, but anything that is put on by the State of Illinois or by our association or by our affiliated association, Women in Cannabis in the City of Chicago, any local entity, you can attend them. Most of them are free of charge. We have panels. We're actually involved in Chicago City sponsored event in February. Again, there are numerous ones that we are participating in. You can come and learn about either owner/operator opportunities, and that's from a legislative perspective, as well as filling out your applications, as well as suggestions about how you would find investors into your business, as well as, again, as I stated, going the other direction and finding employment in the industry and not just within the dispensary or the cultivation market, but in ancillary industries, which might be transportation, which might be security, which might be marketing, all of those things.
We're really trying to reach out into the public, and I would strongly suggest that people attend those free seminars and determine whether or not this is something that really meets their needs and piques their interest. A lot of people have misconceptions. It's cultivation, it's farming. It's not, as you might think, reefer madness. It's really serious and very regulated work. Most of those people, when you're in a cultivation site, have on lab coats, have on little booties on their shoes and have hairnets. It's like a food industry. So I would strongly suggest they come and hear exactly what the industry entails and make a decision. Then there's all kinds of follow up resources that they can also then participate if they determine this is something that they want to pursue.
TG Branfalt: Again, I want to thank you so much for this opportunity. I can't wait to see how you evolve in this space and how the association evolves as the market matures. Where can people find out more about you and more about the Cannabis Business Association of Illinois?
Pamela Althoff: You can find us at C-B-A-I-L.org, is the website, and also provides you all the information on emailing us direct or calling.
TG Branfalt: Awesome. This has been Pamela Althoff. She's the Executive Director of the Cannabis Business Association of Illinois, former State Senator and Illinois Senate Republican Caucus Chair. Thank you again so much, Pamela. It's been a pleasure.
Pamela Althoff: Tim, can I have one parting comment?
TG Branfalt: Absolutely.
Pamela Althoff: I would just ask that consumers recognize that, with all nascent industries, we are going to run into bumps and some obstacles. But let me assure everyone that the industry is working very well with the State of Illinois, our regulators, also our stakeholders that have vested interest in the industry, to try and address them responsibly and in a decent timeframe, in an acceptable timeframe. I truly believe that you're going to call me and we're going to do this interview again in another nine to 12 months, and you're going to hear how successful. We are truly, truly committed to making this a vibrant industry and being a template for the rest of the country.
TG Branfalt: I can't wait to talk to you again in nine to 12 months, and by then, we'll probably be talking about how Illinois influenced New York's recent legalization.
Pamela Althoff: I hope that that's true.
TG Branfalt: Thank you so much, Pamela. This-
Pamela Althoff: All right.
TG Branfalt: … has been a great joy.
Pamela Althoff: All right, thank you.
TG Branfalt: You can find more episodes of the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast in the podcast section of ganjapreneur.com and in the Apple iTunes Store. On the Ganjapreneur.com website, you'll find the latest cannabis news and cannabis jobs updated daily, along with transcripts of this podcast. You can also download the Ganjapreneur.com app in iTunes and Google Play. This episode was engineered by Trim Media House. I've been your host, TG Branfalt.
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Q: PostgreSQL: preventing sql injection on multiinsertion I'm looking for the fastest way to parse, validate and insert data in table(Postgresql 9.3).
The data is an json-array which contains 1..N items.
[{"name":"a","value":"1"},{"name":"b","value":"2"}]

The table looks like:
CREATE TABLE logs
(
  id serial NOT NULL,
  name text ,
  value text,
  CONSTRAINT "log_Pkey" PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

For that i have stored procedure:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION insert_logs(v json)
  RETURNS  integer AS
$BODY$
DECLARE
    sql text;
    i json;
    logs_part_id int;
BEGIN
    SELECT INTO logs_part_id id from another_table_with_that_id where some_condition.

    sql = '';
     FOR i IN SELECT * FROM json_array_elements(v)
      LOOP
      sql = sql||'insert into logs_'||logs_part_id ||'
        (name, value)
         values( ' ||quote_literal(i->>'name')||' , ' ||quote_literal(i->>'value')||' );';

      END LOOP;
    raise notice '%',sql;

    EXECUTE sql;
    return 1;

END
$BODY$
  LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE
  COST 100;

(function returns integer as a response status)
Function call:
select * from insert_logs('[{"name":"a","value":"1"},{"name":"b","value":"2"}]'::json);

Actually the "insert.." statement is quite bigger - 15 columns to insert and aparently some of them should be checked in order to prevent sql injection.
Question:
Is there any way to rewrite this stored procedure in order to improve performance?
Should I use prepared statements?
EDIT.
The reason i build sql string because the table name is unknown because of the tables partitioning.  The table name format is: logs_id where id - int which is obtained just before insert.

A: If you need to speed up your query, json_populate_recordset() does exactly what you need:
insert into logs
select * from json_populate_recordset(null::logs, '[...]')

As, for SQL-injection: you should always use prepared statements, or at least execute your sql with parameters sent separately (f.ex. with PQexecParams() if you use libpq directly).

A: Why are you building an SQL multi-statement string  then EXECUTEing it at all?
Just:
  insert into logs (name, value)
  values( i->>name , i->>value );

There's no need for explicit quoting because i->>name is a text value that's inserted as a bound parameter into the insert by PL/PgSQL. It's never parsed as SQL.
If you must build the statement dynamically (e.g. varying table name, per comment) use EXECUTE ... USING with format:
  EXECUTE format('insert into %I (name, value) values( $1, $2 );', 'logs_'||log_partition_id)
     USING i->>name , i->>value;

in your case

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ok, so the knitting bit is complete - my favourite bit, natch. Onto embroidering the details, which I thought would take a couple of hours. Ha ha ha, wishful thinking. 8 hours of embroidery later on bank holiday Monday with Alien3 and The Terminal as background... I sat so still my arse went numb!
It looks fantastic with the embroidery and I'm really pleased but I NEVER IMAGINED it would take so long . Ok, so I'm not one of life's natural needleworkers, but what I lack in technique I make up for in enthusiasm and speed when I've got the hang of it.
Just the making up to do now and then finished! No idea why the finishing takes so long though. It's like going into a knitting induced timewarp. By the time I'm halfway up the sleeve I'm already thinking about the next project and wanting to get it DONE.
Last night, spent 1 hour sewing the left sleeve onto the body. 1/2 an hour to get halfway through attaching the right sleeve before I got too tired to do any more. Hoping that another 2-3 hours will finish attaching right sleeve, sew up the sides of the body and the sleeve seams and sew on the buttons.
As I obviously wildly underestimate the amount of time it takes me to make stuff, I've been trying to work out how long it's taken me to make this garment. My money's on about 90 - 100 hours in total over 6 weeks but I'm going to log time on the next project as a reality check.


I got Mirage when it was free, and everything was honky-dory. After a few hours, i joined a random U.S. server and noticed that my load out was reset to default and i was rank 0, but i was rank 7. i checked other U.S. servers and they're suffering from the same issue. All my cosmetics and weapons were set to default, but i was gaining XP without knowing what items i unlocked(before the bug, i would see what's new on my inventory.). The other issue is that i can't get new weapons, i played a few matches, checked my inventory, and no new weapons (the only weapon i unlocked was a Vypress scimitar, and even though i would have weapons equipped; when i would join a server, my weapons and customization would be default.). Maybe because the horde of people joining Mirage because of the "F2P" might caused a bug on the servers.
Hopefully this will be fixed. Keep up the awesome work TB!


text:
package sysinfo

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"path"
	"strings"
	"syscall"

	"github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/cgroups"
)

const (
	// SeccompModeFilter refers to the syscall argument SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER.
	SeccompModeFilter = uintptr(2)
)

func findCgroupMountpoints() (map[string]string, error) {
	cgMounts, err := cgroups.GetCgroupMounts(false)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Failed to parse cgroup information: %v", err)
	}
	mps := make(map[string]string)
	for _, m := range cgMounts {
		for _, ss := range m.Subsystems {
			mps[ss] = m.Mountpoint
		}
	}
	return mps, nil
}

// New returns a new SysInfo, using the filesystem to detect which features
// the kernel supports. If `quiet` is `false` warnings are printed in logs
// whenever an error occurs or misconfigurations are present.
func New(quiet bool) *SysInfo {
	sysInfo := &SysInfo{}
	cgMounts, err := findCgroupMountpoints()
	if err != nil {
		logrus.Warnf("Failed to parse cgroup information: %v", err)
	} else {
		sysInfo.cgroupMemInfo = checkCgroupMem(cgMounts, quiet)
		sysInfo.cgroupCPUInfo = checkCgroupCPU(cgMounts, quiet)
		sysInfo.cgroupBlkioInfo = checkCgroupBlkioInfo(cgMounts, quiet)
		sysInfo.cgroupCpusetInfo = checkCgroupCpusetInfo(cgMounts, quiet)
		sysInfo.cgroupPids = checkCgroupPids(quiet)
	}

	_, ok := cgMounts["devices"]
	sysInfo.CgroupDevicesEnabled = ok

	sysInfo.IPv4ForwardingDisabled = !readProcBool("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward")
	sysInfo.BridgeNFCallIPTablesDisabled = !readProcBool("/proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables")
	sysInfo.BridgeNFCallIP6TablesDisabled = !readProcBool("/proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables")

	// Check if AppArmor is supported.
	if _, err := os.Stat("/sys/kernel/security/apparmor"); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
		sysInfo.AppArmor = true
	}

	// Check if Seccomp is supported, via CONFIG_SECCOMP.
	if _, _, err := syscall.RawSyscall(syscall.SYS_PRCTL, syscall.PR_GET_SECCOMP, 0, 0); err != syscall.EINVAL {
		// Make sure the kernel has CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER.
		if _, _, err := syscall.RawSyscall(syscall.SYS_PRCTL, syscall.PR_SET_SECCOMP, SeccompModeFilter, 0); err != syscall.EINVAL {
			sysInfo.Seccomp = true
		}
	}

	return sysInfo
}

// checkCgroupMem reads the memory information from the memory cgroup mount point.
func checkCgroupMem(cgMounts map[string]string, quiet bool) cgroupMemInfo {
	mountPoint, ok := cgMounts["memory"]
	if !ok {
		if !quiet {
			logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup memory limit")
		}
		return cgroupMemInfo{}
	}

	swapLimit := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes")
	if !quiet && !swapLimit {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support swap memory limit")
	}
	memoryReservation := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "memory.soft_limit_in_bytes")
	if !quiet && !memoryReservation {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support memory reservation")
	}
	oomKillDisable := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "memory.oom_control")
	if !quiet && !oomKillDisable {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support oom control")
	}
	memorySwappiness := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "memory.swappiness")
	if !quiet && !memorySwappiness {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support memory swappiness")
	}
	kernelMemory := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes")
	if !quiet && !kernelMemory {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support kernel memory limit")
	}

	return cgroupMemInfo{
		MemoryLimit:       true,
		SwapLimit:         swapLimit,
		MemoryReservation: memoryReservation,
		OomKillDisable:    oomKillDisable,
		MemorySwappiness:  memorySwappiness,
		KernelMemory:      kernelMemory,
	}
}

// checkCgroupCPU reads the cpu information from the cpu cgroup mount point.
func checkCgroupCPU(cgMounts map[string]string, quiet bool) cgroupCPUInfo {
	mountPoint, ok := cgMounts["cpu"]
	if !ok {
		if !quiet {
			logrus.Warn("Unable to find cpu cgroup in mounts")
		}
		return cgroupCPUInfo{}
	}

	cpuShares := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "cpu.shares")
	if !quiet && !cpuShares {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup cpu shares")
	}

	cpuCfsPeriod := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "cpu.cfs_period_us")
	if !quiet && !cpuCfsPeriod {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup cfs period")
	}

	cpuCfsQuota := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "cpu.cfs_quota_us")
	if !quiet && !cpuCfsQuota {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup cfs quotas")
	}

	cpuRealtimePeriod := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "cpu.rt_period_us")
	if !quiet && !cpuRealtimePeriod {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup rt period")
	}

	cpuRealtimeRuntime := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "cpu.rt_runtime_us")
	if !quiet && !cpuRealtimeRuntime {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime")
	}

	return cgroupCPUInfo{
		CPUShares:          cpuShares,
		CPUCfsPeriod:       cpuCfsPeriod,
		CPUCfsQuota:        cpuCfsQuota,
		CPURealtimePeriod:  cpuRealtimePeriod,
		CPURealtimeRuntime: cpuRealtimeRuntime,
	}
}

// checkCgroupBlkioInfo reads the blkio information from the blkio cgroup mount point.
func checkCgroupBlkioInfo(cgMounts map[string]string, quiet bool) cgroupBlkioInfo {
	mountPoint, ok := cgMounts["blkio"]
	if !ok {
		if !quiet {
			logrus.Warn("Unable to find blkio cgroup in mounts")
		}
		return cgroupBlkioInfo{}
	}

	weight := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "blkio.weight")
	if !quiet && !weight {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight")
	}

	weightDevice := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "blkio.weight_device")
	if !quiet && !weightDevice {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device")
	}

	readBpsDevice := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "blkio.throttle.read_bps_device")
	if !quiet && !readBpsDevice {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio throttle.read_bps_device")
	}

	writeBpsDevice := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "blkio.throttle.write_bps_device")
	if !quiet && !writeBpsDevice {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio throttle.write_bps_device")
	}
	readIOpsDevice := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "blkio.throttle.read_iops_device")
	if !quiet && !readIOpsDevice {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio throttle.read_iops_device")
	}

	writeIOpsDevice := cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, "blkio.throttle.write_iops_device")
	if !quiet && !writeIOpsDevice {
		logrus.Warn("Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio throttle.write_iops_device")
	}
	return cgroupBlkioInfo{
		BlkioWeight:          weight,
		BlkioWeightDevice:    weightDevice,
		BlkioReadBpsDevice:   readBpsDevice,
		BlkioWriteBpsDevice:  writeBpsDevice,
		BlkioReadIOpsDevice:  readIOpsDevice,
		BlkioWriteIOpsDevice: writeIOpsDevice,
	}
}

// checkCgroupCpusetInfo reads the cpuset information from the cpuset cgroup mount point.
func checkCgroupCpusetInfo(cgMounts map[string]string, quiet bool) cgroupCpusetInfo {
	mountPoint, ok := cgMounts["cpuset"]
	if !ok {
		if !quiet {
			logrus.Warn("Unable to find cpuset cgroup in mounts")
		}
		return cgroupCpusetInfo{}
	}

	cpus, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(mountPoint, "cpuset.cpus"))
	if err != nil {
		return cgroupCpusetInfo{}
	}

	mems, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(mountPoint, "cpuset.mems"))
	if err != nil {
		return cgroupCpusetInfo{}
	}

	return cgroupCpusetInfo{
		Cpuset: true,
		Cpus:   strings.TrimSpace(string(cpus)),
		Mems:   strings.TrimSpace(string(mems)),
	}
}

// checkCgroupPids reads the pids information from the pids cgroup mount point.
func checkCgroupPids(quiet bool) cgroupPids {
	_, err := cgroups.FindCgroupMountpoint("pids")
	if err != nil {
		if !quiet {
			logrus.Warn(err)
		}
		return cgroupPids{}
	}

	return cgroupPids{
		PidsLimit: true,
	}
}

func cgroupEnabled(mountPoint, name string) bool {
	_, err := os.Stat(path.Join(mountPoint, name))
	return err == nil
}

func readProcBool(path string) bool {
	val, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	return strings.TrimSpace(string(val)) == "1"
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Video: Michael Ruhlman has something to say
By Rene Lynch
Oct. 25, 2010 11:48 AM PT
One of the highlights of the BlogHer Food conference in San Francisco was the closing panel, featuring keynote speakers Shauna James Ahern (Gluten-Free Girl and the Chef), Molly Wizenberg, (Orangette) and Michael Ruhlman (Michael Ruhlman). Just as it was about to wrap up, Ruhlman leapt from his seat for an inspiring, rally-the-food-blogging-troops rant (and I mean that in a good way) about why food is important and cooking is even more important and why we all have a duty to carry that forth if we want to see the human race succeed and thrive. Does that sound like Ruhlman was exaggerating a bit? Ruhlman would say he's not. Ruhlman has been transformed and inspired by a book he has read, and re-read multiple times: 'Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human,' by Harvard anthropologist Richard Wrangham.
Afterward, food photographers and videographers Todd Porter and Diane Cu of White on Rice Couple, who were at the conference as panelists, cornered Ruhlman. They asked him to elaborate on the book -- why it means so much to him, why true foodies should read it and why they'll be inspired by it. See the must-watch results, above. Warning: There's a touch of salty language, and this video will make you want to run to your kitchen -- or run into someone else's kitchen.
White on Rice Couple talk about why they made the video
More from Michael Ruhlman about why this book inspires him so
--Rene Lynch
twitter.com / renelynch
Rene Lynch
Rene Lynch is a former writer and editor with the Saturday section, where she worked across a variety of coverage areas, including wellness, design and food. She also edited the weekly L.A. Affairs column.


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text:
Q: Ignoring Android Lint "MissingTranslation" check for partial translations In my app I have a set of languages with complete translations, and another set of languages with translations for only a few strings.
For the languages with complete translations, I want Lint to warn me about MissingTranslations.
For the languages with partial translations, I want to Lint to ignore the MissingTranslations.
I can't figure out how to achieve both of these goals at the same time.

A: You can do this by ignoring based on a regular expression against the error message in your lint.xml file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<lint>
    <issue id="MissingTranslation">
        <ignore regexp='^".*" is not translated in "ru" \(Russian\)$'/>
    </issue>
</lint>

This will suppress the MissingTranslation error for Russian, but not for any other languages.  Basing the ignore on the error message is a bit gross—everything might break if they change the wording—but it's the only solution currently working that I know of.
Note that while the regex is documented as matching against "the error message," it's actually only applied to a portion of the text printed to the screen.  The regex anchors in the above example show the bounds.
Some reasonable approaches that did not work for me are:

*

*Adding tools:ignore="MissingTranslation" to a partially translated locale's <resources> element.

*Adding <ignore path="src/main/res/values-ru/strings.xml"/> to the MissingTranslation issue block in lint.xml.

If you happen to be the very particular situation of wanting to suppress MissingTranslation errors for a region-specific strings file that only partially overrides your defaults strings file (e.g., default file is English, and you want some overrides in values-en-rUS/strings.xml), see this answer for a solution.

A: On the warning marker, press Ctrl-1 to show the available quickfixes. You can choose to ignore the warning for a certain file in the quickfix resolution selection.
You still have to choose whether it is a partial or complete translation by yourself.

A: For the languages with partial translations you can use annotations. Since you say you only have a few strings there, you can suppress those specific strings in the xml file like this:
strings.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <!--suppress MissingTranslation -->
    <string name="some_string">ignore my translation</string>
    ...

</resources>

http://tools.android.com/tips/lint/suppressing-lint-warnings


Because my opinion matters too.
I heard from a friend who heard from a friend that there's a lot of basketball talk this time of year. Now, I don't really follow men's basketball or March Madness, but everyone else is posting brackets and making guesses about who will win what, so I figured I could jump in on the action. Here are my 100% accurate picks for the Final Four, based entirely on the power of the teams' respective mascots.
This mascot is absolutely terrifying. A mere ram would strike fear into the heart of any God-fearing basketball man, but this one? He is a devil, a wretched creature unworthy of being seen. Just based off appearances, he will win lots of fights--what Buckeye, Orange, or Duck could stand up to the fearsome power of Rodney? However, he is too reckless, which will undoubtedly be his downfall.
Mike the Tiger is one of the mascots represented by a real animal. In this case, it may make him less cartoonishly terrifying, but Mike, like all tigers, is powerful indeed. Tigers have just about every natural advantage out there--you don't want Mike on your bad side.
Evil, pure and unrestrained, is Sparky the Sun Devil. He's got those eyebrows, those horns, those blazing, blazing eyes--he is a living sin. But devils can only last so long until they are smitten, either by God or a bucket of water.
Albert and Alberta are gators, sure, but that's not the most powerful thing about them. They don't need the speed, stealth, or raw strength. What really makes them a force is the love they have for each other. Love makes Albert and Alberta unbreakable, which is why the University of Florida has a 100% chance of winning March Madness.


Where would we be without our parents? Not here, that's for sure! They brought us into this world, raised us, took care of us to the best of their ability and provided us with all we ever needed and more. But as life goes on, our parents grow older and need us to care for them like they did us.
If you have kids of your own, you've probably got more than enough experience under your belt where caring for a family is concerned; however, caring for elderly people is entirely different. They have different needs which must be dealt with appropriately.
It's not easy on them to be forced to slow down because of their age; that's why it's important to know how to handle delicate situations and care for your elderly loved ones the right way.
Now that they're living rather slow-paced lives with a lot of free time on their hands, your time with them is more valuable than ever. Keep them in the loop by talking about your day, current affairs and get them up to speed with what's going with other family members or relatives. You could also take a walk down memory lane with them by looking at photo albums and reminiscing about days gone by.
No matter what they are, even if you don't approve of them, allow your elders to go forward with their hobbies. Obviously, it's something that brings them joy and satisfaction and that's truly what matters. It's also a great way for them to pass time when you're busy attending to other responsibilities. If they enjoy a game of cards or a board game, you could set aside a time or day for that as well.
Elders tend to have mood swings more often; they get frustrated and upset over small things so it's important to be patient with them. Show compassion towards their feelings and help them through whatever emotions they're dealing with. As we age, the support of our loved ones is imperative.
Keep a regular check on meds to ensure that they don't miss a dosage of their daily medication. Also, keep other common meds in stock (not just for them, but for the rest of the family as well). Apart from this, take them for regular health checkups to ensure that they are not just keeping well on the outside, but on the inside as well.
Don't let them stay cooped up in the house all the time. It's important that they remain active even if it means going for a daily evening walk. There are plenty of things to do around Lapeer County, be it an outdoor event at Hunters Creek, a stroll through the park or a nice meal at one of the family-friendly eateries. Occasionally, they may even enjoy an evening of music and entertainment at Pix Arts Counsel. As long as they're happy and healthy, you're doing everything right!