I'm kicking off my return from a recent around the world trip with a beautiful City Hall wedding. I never get tired of shooting here. The lighting is soft, the architecture is timeless and there's always so much energy as a number of wedding parties wait around for their ceremony. I met Katja and Martin on the steps of City Hall along with their beautiful little girl, Juli, before heading to the Rotunda for the ceremony. Usually City Hall weddings are smaller affairs witness by just close friends or family. However, on this day, the couple had an audience in a group of high school students doing a tour of the building. We spent the next hour shooting on the different floors capturing portraits for the entire family before they took off on their honeymoon holiday.


text:
Q: Unable to connect to apache from the web I have an apache instance running with vhost configured, here is the httpd.conf:
#Listen {the_server_ip}:80
Listen 80
#
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com
    ServerName example.com
    ServerAlias www.example.com
    ErrorLog logs/example.com-error_log
    CustomLog logs/example.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

Here is the record in the /etc/hosts:
127.0.0.1 example.com www.example.com

The server is running and listening:
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      8756/httpd

Here is CURL request from the server:
[root@localhost example]# curl -I http://example.com/index.html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 01 Mar 2016 11:12:47 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)
Last-Modified: Tue, 01 Mar 2016 11:12:12 GMT
ETag: "8aaa-5-52cfad64b4dbe"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 5
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

Here are my iptables rules for INPUT chain:
Chain INPUT (policy DROP 30 packets, 2242 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
  195  150K ACCEPT     all  --  lo     *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0
  185 15126 ACCEPT     icmp --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0
37508  101M ACCEPT     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
  192 11152 ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           tcp dpt:22
   64  3116 ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           tcp dpt:80

Here are my iptables rules for the OUTPUT chain:
Chain OUTPUT (policy DROP 3 packets, 152 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
  199  151K ACCEPT     all  --  *      lo      0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0
16220 3289K ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           tcp spt:22
  692 47470 ACCEPT     udp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            8.8.8.8             udp dpt:53
  107  8636 ACCEPT     icmp --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0
14164  603K ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           tcp dpt:80
  430 18880 ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           tcp dpt:443

TCPDUMP:
[root@localhost iwanttobesysadmin.com]# tcpdump -v port 80 and host {home_ip}
tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
3 packets captured
3 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

I am also not able to telnet from my Windows machine on port 80 on the server, but it is ping-able.
I believe that there is some restriction in the INPUT chain firewall rules.

A: "I believe that there is some restriction in the INPUT chain firewall rules."
You believe wrongly.  There is, however, a problem in the OUTPUT chain, because although you're letting people in to talk to your web server, you're not letting the responses back out.
You added a stateful output rule, to permit that traffic, with
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

and all now works.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Black & Decker LCS1020 Review
The Black & Decker chainsaw has a 10-inch bar, making it the smallest chainsaw we reviewed.
By J.D. Chadwick
Top Ten Reviews Verdict
Although this battery powered chainsaw isn't as powerful as others, the small size and price make it a decent buy.
It's small, portable, affordable and extremely convenient.
The 10-inch side bar is the shortest in our comparison.
Why you can trust Top Ten Reviews Our expert reviewers spend hours testing and comparing products and services so you can choose the best for you. Find out more about how we test.
Today's best Black & Decker LCS1020 deals
The Black & Decker chainsaw has a 10-inch bar, making it the smallest chainsaw we reviewed. And although we don't recommend using this saw on wood larger than a few inches thick, it works great for jobs around the house, like pruning dead or unwanted branches off trees and cutting fallen branches. If you need a chainsaw for those scenarios, it's hard to go wrong with this model.
When we tested the chainsaws, there was some debate among our lab crew as to the usefulness of this model. One tester said, "I simply don't understand the point of having tiny, weak battery chainsaw. What are you going to be able to cut with this?" Another pointed out that it's not for heavy-duty jobs, "It's for branches, pruning trees" and a good tool for occasional use "I'd have that around the house – it's not that bad."
We used all the chainsaws we reviewed to clear overgrown bushes, trees and more from a residential backyard. There was one particularly gnarly, half-dead bush that the Black & Decker LCS1020 handled without any problems. It took about 25 minutes to remove the bush completely, and the tool never faltered or left us wanting a more powerful chainsaw. This saw is ideal for in-tree work, pruning and cleanup after bigger jobs.
We also used this saw on a 6x6-inch piece of lumber, and unsurprisingly, it struggled with making the cut because of its low power and short guide bar. But it did get the job done, just not as smoothly or quickly as the other models we tested.
Although it lacks muscle when compared with some of the bigger gas-powered chainsaws we reviewed, the LCS1020 is low maintenance and low emission. Of all ten models we tested, it is the quietest, with decibel levels maxing out at about 80. That's about the noise level of a vacuum cleaner.
What this saw lacks in muscle, it makes up for in ease of use. The electric power source is far cleaner since it doesn't require gas, cans or engine oil. Electric power also makes this saw safer when it isn't in use. Although battery-powered chainsaws don't have quite as much power as their gas counterparts, they are easier to maintain. Instead of gas, you can leave the 20-volt lithium-ion battery charging for when you need to use the saw.
Unlike gas models that require multiple pull starts, the LCS1020 starts with a sliding safety lock and start button. To activate the saw, you have to push the safety lock through the handle. This ensures you have a steady grip on the saw before it starts. In addition, this electric saw has large hand guards and a chain brake to help reduce kickback. This chainsaw has a tool-less chain tensioning system that makes adjusting the chain easy. It also has an oiling system to keep the bar and chain lubricated, which is a nice feature for a battery-operated chainsaw.
More on Tools
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DeWalt DWPW2400 pressure washer review
The Black & Decker LCS1020 is ideal for pruning, limb work and clearing unwanted shrubs and other growth, like small quaking aspen that can take over your yard if you don't cut them down before they get too big. It's the decent chainsaw to fill out your tool collection and to have around for those unexpected times that you need a chainsaw – and you'll be glad you have one.
J.D. Chadwick
J.D. Chadwick started writing articles for Top Ten Reviews 2008, and left the team in 2018 after filling the role of Multimedia Editor. A keen video creator, and expert in software, he was one of the most prolific members of the old TTR team, authoring articles on things like antivirus software, video editing apps, and more.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Shujaat Bukhari had just left the Srinagar city office of his newspaper, Rising Kashmir, on Thursday when three men on a motorcycle fired at him and his two guards, police said.
His two security guards were also killed in the attack that has evoked massive condemnation.
Official sources told GNS that gunmen opened indiscriminate fire as soon as Bukhari was disembarking from his vehicle at the press enclave around 7:00 pm.
BJP's Ram Madhav said, "Shocked to hear about d attack on d Editor-in-Chief of Rising Kashmir Shujaat Bukhari in Srinagar".
He was taken to hospital but was later declared dead. Two police officers provided to him by local authorities for his security were also killed in the evening attack, according to S.P. Vaid, the region's police chief.
Bukhari is survived by his wife and one son and a daughter. The motive of the killing has not been ascertained immediately.
Bukhari did his masters in journalism from Ateneo de Manila University, Manila as a fellow of the Asian Centre for Journalism, Singapore.
Bukhari wrote for the BBC at the time that journalists in Kashmir "had to work on a razor's edge in what is effectively the world's most heavily militarised zone".
Earlier today, an Army jawan was abducted by terrorists from Pulwama district.
Most Kashmiris support the rebel cause while also participating in civilian street protests against Indian control. His killing is an attack on the freedom of press and the civil society's attempts at resolving Kashmir through talks and mediation.
Known for encouraging young and budding journalists in Kashmir, Bukhari, an avid social media user, would often talk about the threat to Kashmir journalism in a conflict situation.
Rising Kashmir editor Shujaat Bukhari was Friday laid to rest in his ancestral village with thousands of friends and admirers braving heavy rain to mourn a veteran journalist, who had championed peace in times of conflict and may have been killed for it. The scourge of terror has reared its ugly head on the eve of Eid.
"Extremely shocking news", said Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti, who broke down in front of cameras.
Preliminary investigation by the state police indicates that Bukhari's brutal killing was a terror attack. "We must unite against forces seeking to undermine our attempts to restore peace".


When Eileen L. Berman died of appendiceal cancer in April, her husband of 57 years, Stanley, and her family had long ago decided that they wanted to help researchers focus on finding more effective early detection and prevention initiatives.
They looked around at several research facilities, according to Mr. Berman, a former Norton Co. executive who now lives in Pennsylvania.
"It was our conclusion that there wasn't any research center superior in quality and accomplishment to what we found at the University of Massachusetts Medical School," he said. "And, we wanted to give something back to Worcester, a place where we spent 20 years and was so important in the formative years of our family."
Mrs. Berman was treated at UMass Memorial Medical Center, and always valued the care and compassion she received there.
The couple decided to donate money to create the Dr. Eileen L. Berman and Stanley I. Berman Foundation Chair in Biomedical Research at the medical school.
Their donation will be placed in an endowment fund, said James Fessenden, spokesman for the medical school. As that money is invested, the yearly investment dividends will be handed to the researcher to support his or her work. In that way, the endowed chairs can last indefinitely, and can be passed down from one researcher to the next.
The medical school has 34 endowed positions, which includes both endowed chairs and endowed professorships; the oldest, the Harry M. Haidak Professorship in Surgery, was established in 1985 and has been used by four medical school professors over the years. Arthur M. Pappas, the former team physician for the Boston Red Sox, established an endowed Chair of Orthopedics in 1999. Craig C. Mello, the medical school researcher who shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, is the recipient of the Blais University Chair in Molecular Medicine.
Other endowed professorships at the medical school include medicine, women in medicine, medical education, primary care medicine, cardiovascular medicine, cell biology, AIDS research, and more.
Setting up an endowed chair allows the donor to specify exactly what research they would like their donation to support.
In this case, the endowed chair will be supporting research led by Dale L. Greiner, PhD, who will be working to study human cancerous tumors in mice. The research will include, but not be limited to, the very rare form of cancer that took Mrs. Berman.
Mr. Greiner, who is a professor of molecular medicine at the medical school and co-director of the Diabetes Center for Excellence, has been studying Type 1 diabetes for 30 years. For the last 20, he has been developing a mouse that can be engrafted with human tissues, to study how diabetes develops in humans.
A few years ago, he started working with other diseases — HIV, dengue fever, even ebola — in mice, to help develop new treatments.
And now he has begun grafting cancerous tissue from human tumors into mice. Researchers can study the tumor and watch it develop, allowing them to see if there are markers that develop in the mouse's blood that could be used to detect the disease earlier in humans. Researchers can then conduct drug trials on the mice, to see what shrinks the tumor and what the side effects are.
"All of that cancer work is essentially unfunded," he said. "When you go to funding agencies, when you apply for grants, there are always strings attached. They don't like to pay for high-risk ideas that are not yet proven. We can use this unrestricted money to test these ideas... This kind of freedom is where most innovation and discoveries come from."
A retired businessman, Mr. Berman hopes that one of the side benefits of the endowment is a financial shot in the arm for the city of Worcester.
"If they discover something, people would come there to learn more, to be treated," he said. "There could be an opportunity for growth there."
One note on last week's column: I referred to the pharmacy school in downtown Worcester, MCPHS University, as a "state" school. Despite the Massachusetts in the school's name, it is a private, nonprofit institution.


This abstract geode painting was made by Illinois artist, Kirsten Gilmore. The flowing pattern mimics a close-up view of a geode, with layers of banding and abstract crystal forms. The white, aqua, and teal blue color palette works especially well with bohemian or modern decor.
* Sides are painted with drips of acrylic from the painting.
* 8"x10" lightweight stretched cotton canvas can be hung as is, or you can take it to a local framer.
* Carefully packaged. Then, shipped via FedEx.
* Currently shipping to the U.S. only.


What is EU ETS & how does it impact Luxembourg's industry?
1 What is EU ETS and how does it work?
1997 Kyoto Protocol was one of the major initiators for the creation of the EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS). It implemented the objectives of the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change1, by committing signing state parties2 to reduce the onset of global warming by lowering greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The EU, with its 15 Member States at the time, committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 8% compared to 1990. This target had to be reached during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, between 2008 and 2012.
One of the major policy instruments designed to enable the EU to comply with the agreed 8% reduction until 2012 was the introduction of the EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS). First ideas for the design of EU ETS were presented in a Green Paper3 in 2000 by the European Commission. This paper served as a basis for numerous stakeholder discussions that further helped shape the system. The EU ETS Directive4 was finally adopted in 2003 and the system was launched in 2005.
EU ETS is designed as a cap and trade system. It sets a maximum level of pollution – a cap – and distributes emission permits or allowances among firms that produce emissions. The cap is an absolute quantity of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by the factories, power plants, and other installations included in the system, in order to ensure that the emission reduction target is met. Installations integrated in ETS need to present permits for each unit of pollution they produce. They can obtain permits either through an initial allocation, through auctioning them, or through trading with other firms in the system. Since some companies inevitably find it easier or cheaper to reduce pollution than others, trading takes place. Whilst the maximum pollution quantity is set in advance, the trading price of permits fluctuates, becoming more expensive when demand is high relative to supply – for example when the economy is growing – and cheaper when demand is lower – for example in a recession. The price of pollution is therefore created as a result of setting a ceiling on the overall quantity of emissions.
Today, EU ETS represents the world's first and by far largest emission trading market. It accounts for over three-quarters of the international carbon trading5. EU ETS operates in all 31 countries of the European Economic Area (EEA), including all 28 EU Member States plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. It limits emissions from more than 11,000 energy-intensive installations, mainly power stations and industrial plants, as well as over 500 airlines operating between the EEA countries. As such, the system controls about 45% of the EU's greenhouse gas emissions today6.
Phase 1 of EU ETS was launched in 2005 as the first such system ever. There were many unknowns in terms of its concept and operation. The goals of Phase 1 running from 2005 to 2007 was thus to test how the system would affect the concerned sectors within and outside the EU with its then 27 Member States. Focusing on Co2 emissions7 only, the system covered its major emitters: Power stations and other combustion plans with a thermal input superior to 20 megawatts. It further covered so-called energy-intensive industries, such as oil refineries, coke ovens, iron and steel plants, and producers of cement clinker, glass, lime, bricks, ceramics, pulp, paper, and cardboard products.
Over the course of the three phases, the scope of the EU ETS kept increasing in terms of geographic scope, sectors8, and greenhouse gases. Likewise, the goal of emission reduction became more ambitious from one phase to the next. Table 1 shows how the main features of EU ETS evolved over the years.
Following the experiences in Phase 1, EU ETS also continuously adapted how to set and manage the emission cap, the allowances, and which tradable units the system includes. The next chapters will shed light on these major aspects of the system.
In the absence of reliable emission data in 2005, determining the cap in Phase 1 was obviously a major challenge. The first cap was established based on estimated amounts of allowances each installation would need per year. These estimates were decided by each Member State and published in National Allocation Plans (NAPs). These plans proposed an allocation of a certain number of allowances to their national installations over the duration of the trading period. The EU-wide cap was determined by the sum of all NAPs. In 2005, the total number of allowances issued exceeded, however, the real emissions during Phase 1 and, with supply significantly exceeding demand, at the end of Phase 1, the trading price of allowances fell to zero.
The approach to determine the annual EU-wide cap from the sum of the National Allocation Plans (NAP) remained the same also for Phase 2. The cap's upper annual limit of tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions to be undercut was determined at the beginning of the phase. The total annual amount of CO2 equivalent emissions in Phase 2 was reduced by 6.5% compared to Phase 1 and the annual amounts stayed the same during one period without being gradually reduced.
Starting in 2013, in Phase 3, an EU-wide cap was set centrally and not as the sum of NAPs anymore. The cap for 2013 for fixed installations was set at 2,084,301,856 allowances, each of them corresponding to 1 tonne of Co2 equivalent emissions. During Phase 3, this cap has decreased each year by a linear reduction factor of 1.74%. This linear reduction factor (LRF) was set in line with the EU-wide climate action targets for 2020 – the overall 20% emission reduction target and the EU ETS sector-specific 21% emission reduction target relative to the emission targets for 2005.
Since 2009, a surplus of emission allowances has built up in EU ETS. This surplus was largely due to the economic crisis of 2008-2009. According to the Financial Times9, by the end of 2016, EU ETS had an oversupply of 1.7bn tonnes' worth of allowances, compared to emissions from installations covered by the scheme of 1.75bn tonnes. In other words, tradable market inventory equated to almost 100% of annual demand, reducing the market price of allowances. To prevent the price of the allowances to continue falling and further weakening the incentive to reduce emissions, one initiative conceived by the European Commission was a market balancing mechanism called the Market Stability Reserve (MSR). Starting from 2019, unallocated allowances will be taken from the market and transferred into this reserve. The MSR will operate entirely according to predefined rules that leave no discretion to the Commission or the Member States in its implementation and determining whether and how many allowances shall be placed in the reserve or whether allowances shall be released into the market.
How is the total number of free allowances determined?
In Phases 1 and 2 of EU ETS, the number of free allowances to be allocated to installations was determined by the National Allocation Plans (NAPs). Poor transparency and weakly harmonised allocation methods of NAPs across Member States in Phase 1 unveiled, however, the risk of competitive distortions between different industries from different Member States. Therefore, the European Commission issued guidelines on how to establish NAPs in Phase 2.
Although in Phase 3 auctioning is the default method of allocation, free allocations are still handed out. The total number of free allocations in Phase 3 is, however, no longer calculated by NAPs, but instead by so-called National Implementation Measures (NIMs). NIMs are elaborated by all Member States in order to preliminary calculate the number of free allowances for each installation within their territory based on EU-wide harmonised rules for free allocations. NIMs must apply benchmarks to calculate the number of free allocations for each installation and product.
Benchmarks are based on the average greenhouse gas emissions of the best performing 10% of the installations producing that specific product within the EU. The benchmarks are based on the principle of 'one product = one benchmark'. In other words, being focused on the product, the methodology does not vary according to different production technologies, fuels used, the size of an installation, or geographical location. For non-product-based emissions, i.e. for the production of heat, there are heat- or fuel-benchmarks. For installations producing more than one product, the installation is subdivided into "sub-installations" with separately applicable benchmarks. There are 54 benchmark values in total.
The Commission limited the total amount of free allocations in Phase 3 to approximately 43% of the total cap of the phase. As the requested allocations in the NIMs for all installations in the EU exceeded this total number of available free allocations, the allocations per installation were further reduced by the same percentage for all installations. This cross-sectoral correction factor (CSCF) was applied as of 2013. The correction factor reduced allocations by around 6% in 2013. As the number of allowances available decreases each year, the correction factor increases each year until 2020 when it will reach approximately 18%. Once all NIMs are centrally consolidated, assessed and adapted at EU level, the free allocations are issued yearly. Member States are responsible for final allocations and data collection.
What installations can benefit from free allowances?
In Phases 1 and 2 of EU ETS, allowances were mostly allocated for free to all installations, even though, starting from Phase 2, a few countries began experimenting with auctioning.
Power generation sector, i.e. electricity producing installations. They are fully subjected to auctioning and cannot claim any free allocations.
Industrial (non-power) and heating sector. They can claim free allocations according to the above-described performance benchmarks during a transitional period from 2013 to 2027. In 2013, 80% of the total quantity determined by the free allocation rules for the industrial sector will be allocated for free, decreasing to 30% in 2020, with a prospect of 0% in 2027.
iii. Combining the two above options.
Industry sectors exposed to the risk of carbon leakage. Carbon leakage refers to the situation that may occur if, for reasons of costs related to constrains by EU ETS, businesses were to transfer their production to other countries with lower emission restrictions. The mainly concerned industry sectors and subsectors are the ones facing competition from industries outside the EU that are not subject to comparable climate legislation. Typically, such industries produce energy-intensive products having a high-trade intensity, for example steel, aluminium, fertilisers, or cement products. Based on these two criteria, the European Commission produces and updates a list of exposed sectors or subsectors every five years. Installations on this list can claim free allocations of 100% of their eligible amount during Phase 3.
The clear majority of industrial installations host an activity considered to be at risk of carbon leakage — in 2014 only 2% of industrial emissions were caused by installations whose activity was not deemed at risk of carbon leakage10.
Free allowances in the third trading period from 2013-2020 can also be claimed by new installations or installations that significantly extend their capacity. As this number of allowances could not be foreseen in its entirety at the beginning of the trading period through the NIMs process, they are taken from a pool of allowances called New Market Entrants Reserve (NMR). Allowances allocated in this way are submitted to the existing rules as described above.
Finally, in eight Eastern European Member States11, some installations in the electricity generating sector continue to receive transitional free allocations in order to help modernise electricity generation. Power plant operators benefiting from such free allocations can use them to finance retrofitting, to upgrade infrastructure, to install clean technology or for the diversification of their energy mix or sources of supply.
How to calculate the allocation amount per installation?
This is the amount of CO2 equivalent emissions an installation must not exceed and for which it must be able to present allowances.
Benchmark, measured in CO2 equivalent emissions per tonne of product: Applicable are product-, heat-, or fuel-benchmarks. In case neither of those benchmarks apply, it is possible to calculate a process emission benchmark based on historical emissions.
HAL, Historical Activity Level measured in tonnes of product: indicates the medial historical production level per year corresponding to the applicable benchmark.
CLEF, Carbon Leakage Exposure Factor: Constant 100% or decreasing factor, depending on carbon leakage status. Sectors exposed to carbon leakage will receive free allowance allocations up to 100% of the relevant benchmark until 2020. For all other industries, the CLEF is reduced to 80% of allowances up to their relevant benchmark for free in 2013. This percentage then annually decreases to 30% in 2020 and 0% in 2027.
LRF (Linear Reduction Factor) or CSCF (Cross-Sectoral Correction Factor): Reduction factors applied to ensure that the total free allocations stay within the limit of the overall EU ETS cap.
LRF: applies to electricity generators. The LRF reduces the total allocation annually by 1.74% compared to the allocation in 2013.
generating) sector to ensure that the free allocations remain below the emission cap for non-electricity generators, the so-called industry cap.
Significant fines can be imposed if companies fail to comply by the request to provide enough allowances in time. In Phase 3, they are set at EUR 100 per tonne CO2 and rising with EU inflation. In addition, companies face an obligation to surrender the allowances owed. This is to ensure that the cap and its environmental targets can be maintained effectively.
What and how is traded in EU ETS?
The default trading units in EU ETS are the European Union emission allowances (EUAs). Starting from Phase 2, however, also other types of international credits can be used for compliance under EU ETS. International credits can be obtained by investing in projects that are certified under the Kyoto Protocol and contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Projects must be implemented according to two distinct mechanisms, called The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) or the Joint Implementation (JI) mechanism, both are certified under the Kyoto Protocol.
Although subject to quantitative, and since Phase 3 also qualitative rules, the basic idea of international credits is to allow industrial countries with a greenhouse gas reduction commitment to invest in projects that reduce emissions in other developing (i.e. CDM) or industrialised (i.e. JI) countries as an alternative. Through the realisation of such projects, international credits can be generated and converted for the use in EU ETS.
Trading of EU ETS allowances (EUAs) is implemented through two auctioning platforms, the European Energy Exchange (EEX) in Leipzig, and ICE Futures Europe (ICE) in London. Figure 1 shows the evolution of EUAs' trading price in Phase 3 whereas one EUA allowance entitles its holder to emit one tonne of CO2 equivalent gas. The prices of EUAs had been stagnating at a rather low level since the global financial crisis but have multiplied by five since autumn 2017 to around EUR 25 per tonne. As a matter of fact, EU ETS has seen a significant influx of speculative capital driving the prices. The increasing demand is based on the widespread expectation that the accumulated surplus of non-used carbon allowances will start to disappear from January 2019, when the Market Stability Reserve (MSR) will start operating. The MSR will reduce the oversupply of allowances by restricting the annual flow of new EUAs into the market (see also Chapter EU ETS Phase 4) and the market surplus is expected to fall by more than 1bn tonnes (or more than 60%) over 2019-202313.
The auctioning of allowances is governed by the EU ETS Auctioning Regulation. It covers the timing, administration, and other aspects of auctioning to ensure it is conducted in an open, transparent, harmonised, and non-discriminatory manner. According to the European Commission14, more than 80% of the revenues generated by auctioning allowances are being used for climate and energy purposes.
An Innovation Fund and a Modernisation Fund will be set up as low-carbon funding mechanisms to help energy-intensive industrial sectors and the power sector to meet innovation and investment challenges of the transition to a low-carbon economy. Both funds will extend the existing support known under the name NER300 program. NER300 is the world's largest funding programme for innovative low-carbon energy demonstration projects. The programme is conceived as a catalyst for the demonstration of environmentally safe carbon capture and storage (CCS) and innovative renewable energy (RES) technologies on a commercial scale within the European Union.
The previous chapters explained the concept as well as major characteristics of EU ETS. It should be evident by now that the system is far from being trivial or lean to manage. In its quest to reduce CO2 emissions of the EU's most energy-intensive industries, it enforces an administrative as well as non-negligible competitive burden to the EU's industry by imposing a price on emissions.
Looking, however, at the overall outcome in terms of how CO2 emissions evolved since the introduction of EU ETS, the results seem rather mitigated. Figure 2 shows – in different colours for the Phases15 1, 2, and 3 of EU ETS – how CO2 emissions of all industrial installations covered by EU ETS evolved since the introduction of the system in 200516. It is important to compare emissions within one and the same phase as they include a different range of industries and a different set of CO2 equivalent emissions (see Table 1).
Even though the volume of industrial output has grown about 10%17 between 2005 and 2017, the data from Figure 2 does not suggest that the system was able to produce a significant reduction of CO2 emissions in each of its three phases, other than compensating for industrial output growth. A notable reduction can only be reported between 2008 and 2009. It is, however, safe to assume that this reduction is due to a global slow-down of industrial output because of the global recession triggered by the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008.
The impression given by Figure 2 is even more paradoxical since the EU's energy-intensive industry has made notable progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, energy-intensive industries have played an important role in helping Europe meet its current climate ambitions. According to Wyns18, energy-intensive industries have reduced their greenhouse gas emissions by 36% and account for 28% of the total economy-wide emission reductions by the EU between 1990 and 2015, even though they represented 15% of EU total GHG emissions in 2015 (18.4% in 1990)19.
Wyns further argues that "not only have energy-intensive industries more than disproportionately helped reduce emissions from their own sectors, but also contribute to emission reductions in other sectors like transport, buildings, waste, and power generation. Today, Europe's energy-intensive industries are at the forefront of low-carbon solutions".
"industrial (non-power) and heating" sector.
Focusing on the 15 industrial installations, Luxembourg's portfolio of energy-intensive installations includes producers of steel, aluminium, cement and clinker, glass, construction and plastic materials. Luxembourg's overall share of CO2 emissions from the industrial non-combustions sector is relatively small and only accounts for 0.22% of all emissions covered by EU ETS20. It is further worth noting that most national industrial non-combustion installations are exposed to carbon leakage risks entitling them to receive free allocations. An analysis of how these installations cope with the constraints of the EU ETS system in Phase 3 shows that except for the cement production, most of the concerned companies manage to gradually decrease the emission output of their installations.
Figure 3 shows the evolution of the number of surrendered allowances by all industrial (manufacturing/production) installations in Luxembourg for the period since 2013 (red line)21. It is obvious that the number of free allocations handed over to those installations (dark blue line) is not sufficient to cover all emission needs. Hence, the concerned companies need to fill the gap of the missing allocations by auctioning them on the market. The bars in Figure 3 visualise how the auctioning impacts the costs of producing under EU ETS. Knowing that prices of EUA allowances have severely increased since autumn 2017, estimated direct additional operational costs of at least EUR 3.5m by 2018 and over EUR 5m in 2019 and 2020 can be projected22. The projections however clearly reveal that the concerned industry sectors struggle to reduce the number of allowances they need to surrender. Considering the introduction of MSR starting from 2019, EUA prices are expected to further increase, this effect will be compounded by a higher annual linear reduction factor of the overall cap starting in 2020: -2.2% instead of -1.74%.
Apart from the direct additional costs caused by EU ETS, the system also impacts concerned companies by increasing indirect costs. Indirect costs come in the form of a higher electricity bill as electricity producers themselves are impacted by EU ETS. Increasing electricity costs can pose a risk to the most electricity-intensive businesses, particularly to the ones operating in internationally competitive markets. To alleviate this risk, the European Commission allows Member States to pay compensations for indirect costs of EU ETS. In Luxembourg, the parliament voted23 in favour of such compensation payments only recently, in mid-2018. The list of eligible sectors and products is defined in an EU guideline24.
The increasing additional costs that EU ETS imposes to Luxembourg's industry penalise its global competitiveness and risk to gradually change established market dynamics. The following chapter shows how the cement, steel, and glass production in Luxembourg is affected.
ArcelorMittal25, the world's leading steel and mining company is present in Luxembourg through nine sites, including five industrial production sites and its world-wide corporate headquarters. It employs more than 4,000 people locally. ArcelorMittal's contribution to Luxembourg's economy has been uncontested in the past, and in 2018 it injected nearly EUR 500m into the local economy through wages, employer's contributions and expenditures paid to local suppliers.
Steel products manufactured in Luxembourg include some of the most highly specialised in the sector, such as the heavy sections from the Differdange plant or the sheet piles produced in Esch-Belval. Roland Bastian, General manager and CEO – Head of Country Luxembourg explains that ArcelorMittal Luxembourg has produced a total of 2.2m tonnes of crude steel in 2018, using 95% recycled material.
In fact, ArcelorMittal Luxembourg's two liquid steel production installations in Differdange and Esch-Belval can be considered as modern and highly technological production sites. Both use electric arc furnaces to melt recycled scrap metal material, ferrous alloys and iron slurry. The material is melted predominantly through electric energy which is induced via electrodes, as well as by adding fossil energy in the presence of oxygen. Relying almost entirely on recycled material and electric energy, this crude steel production process is not only highly resource-efficient, it also reduces the overall environmental footprint of steel making. Mr Bastian confirms that crude steel as it is produced in Luxembourg is 75% less CO2 intensive than traditional steel making in blast furnaces.
Steel is 100% recyclable as scrap. It can be reused repeatedly without any loss of quality. Therefore, scrap is a valuable raw material for steel production and there is a well-established international market for metal scrap. The worldwide steel consumption is, however, still increasing. Demand for new steel products currently exceeds the amount of scrap available, so that crude steel production from blast furnaces melting iron ore is still inevitable.
It is the versatility of steel that drives its demand, besides its most obvious use as an industrial base material for example in the automotive, aeronautical, shipbuilding, or machine industries, it is widely used as construction material in infrastructure, commercial, and residential projects. Steel products are also used in packaging, in electronics and household appliances. It is this versatility that drives a huge worldwide demand making steel production contribute to approximately 7%-9% of worldwide anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
The European steel industry is thus contributing to reach the EU climate objectives. The steel sector's emissions dropped by 25% from 1990 to 2010. Despite the industry's ongoing efforts to further reduce CO2 emissions of steel production, EU ETS is creating a difficult situation for EU-based steel makers as they must compete on the global market. Mr Bastian confirms: "Steel is and has always been a highly traded good". Most of the steel is not used in its country of production but is shipped to other markets. In other words, EU steel products that include additional costs inflicted by EU ETS lose competitiveness on the world market, when facing steel products made in China, the US, Canada or Japan. Even though some of these countries have their own emission trading systems, their energy-intensive industries are mostly exempt and consequently their products do not include similar additional costs; or they may even be subsidised in some cases.
To prevent the kind of competitive disadvantage described above, the EU ETS system foresees free allocation of allowances for energy-intensive industries, including the steel industry. According to Mr Bastian, however, the design of the benchmarks that determine the initial amount of free allocations as well as the pace of annual reductions of those free allocations are hardly corresponding to the technological feasibility or to business reality of the steel industry today. "We need fundamental changes in steel production technologies to keep track with the decarbonisation objectives as set by the EU", Mr Bastian explains, and adds: "ArcelorMittal is working on such technologies, but they are far from being ready on an industrial scale today". In fact, ArcelorMittal is currently engaged in multiple research and development (R&D) or further advanced pilot plant projects specifically dedicated to either directly avoiding or reducing CO2 emissions. One of those research projects, co-financed by the EU Horizon Europe programme, sets out to demonstrate the reduction of 50-80% CO2 in a handful of installations by 2034. This time horizon, as well as the scale of deployment, shows that massive efforts are needed to accelerate the technology readiness of low CO2 emitting steel production technologies and to make them available to a major part of the industry.
Without correcting measures, the current climate policy constraints, however, risk deteriorating the economic attractivity of EU steel making. Even if in 15 years from now solutions were available, deployment in the whole industry would need further effort and investment. One option for such a correcting measure without compromising set climate objectives might be the introduction of Border Adjustment Taxes (BAT) for imports of steel from non-EU countries with laxer emission regulations.
There are different concepts of border adjustment taxes (BAT). A tax can either be levied at the import of emission intensive steel produced outside of the EU, or at the moment it is consumed as a transformed steel product. For example, if a non-EU-based steel maker ships steel into the EU, where it will be used to produce cars, the profit of the non-EU company on the exported steel is not taxed. However, the EU-based car-manufacturer purchasing such steel from outside the EU either bears a tax directly at the moment of import or, later the profit the car maker generates from the cars (including that steel) when it is consumed – in other words sold – in the EU is taxed. In addition, the car company cannot deduct the cost of the imported steel as a business expense. Those taxes must be adapted according to the CO2 intensity of the imported steel product. Products with low CO2 intensity would undergo lower taxation.
The BAT must further be coupled with subsidies compensating EU steel makers for additional EU ETS costs to restore their competitiveness when exporting to the world market. "This way the currently missing level playing field for all market participants could be created and bring back EU producers' product margins that can be reinvested into low CO2 R&D efforts" Mr Bastian states. Furthermore, it can be expected that such a measure could incentivise other countries to introduce similar climate actions to promote low emission steel production of their industry to avoid a BAT of their products.
Cement is a fine powder that when submerged in water undergoes a transformation into a paste that binds and hardens. It is the main component of concrete, an economical, high-quality construction material used in construction projects worldwide.
The primary component of cement is clinker. To produce clinker, limestone and other clay-like materials are heated at 1450°C in a rotary kiln. It is then ground with gypsum and other materials to form cement. "A CO2 efficient type of cement like common blast furnace cement contains less than 330 kg CO2 per tonne. This corresponds to less than 120 kg per m3 of concrete." explains Christian Rech, engineer at Cimalux26, a Luxembourg-based cement producer. While concrete can indeed be very CO2 efficient, it is the sheer volume used around the world that makes cement production contribute to approximately 6% of worldwide anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In the EU, the cement industry is impacted by the EU ETS system.
First, there are direct emissions that occur through a chemical process called calcination. Calcination occurs when limestone, which is made of calcium carbonate, is heated, breaking down into calcium oxide and CO2. This process accounts for roughly 60% of all emissions from cement production. In other words: 60% of the industry's emissions are 'process emissions' caused by decarbonation of limestone during the production process.
A second source for direct emissions is the use of fossil fuels. The clinker burning process is energy-intensive and fuels are necessary for heating the kiln. Kilns are usually heated by coal, natural gas, or oil, and the combustion of these fuels produces additional CO2 emissions. This represents around 30% of cement's emissions.
Finally, the electricity used to power additional plant machinery and the grinding of cement represents another indirect source of emissions and accounts for about 10% of the CO2 emissions attributable to cement production.
"EU ETS increases the price of cement production within the EU, which has not gone unnoticed by producers from outside EU borders," Mr Rech says. Cement is a product with a homogenous and comparative quality across competitors and despite its central role in the construction industry, it is a commodity that is widely available. With little or no organic growth in the market, competition for new market shares is fought over price. This situation makes it very difficult to pass additional costs, inflicted by ETS, to customers.
Increasing prices of EU-produced cement bear the potential of attracting further attention at international markets and supply chains. Dr Oerter explains that the EU ETS has a growing influence on the costs of cement manufacturing within the EU. And the higher the cement prices within the EU, the more the European market is jeopardised by imports from countries which do not have to tackle the burden of a CO2 emission trading system. As a matter of fact, those European areas and countries which are easily accessible via huge harbours or rivers are potentially more affected by these scenarios. Mr Rech considers the application of border adjustment taxes for producers from outside the EU Emission Trading System a complicated system and does not expect it to yield realistic protection for the local cement industry. The administrative and reporting burden, as well as lack of legal certainty, and inherent sectorial discrimination, are known flaws of this system. Creating a level playing field with similar climate-related constraints across all major trading partners of the EU would certainly be more effective than protecting borders by carbon taxes.
Reduce the amount of clinker in cement.
Dr Oerter explains that for the substitution of raw materials, the limestone needed to make clinker can be partially substituted by a range of alternative calcium and magnesium containing materials, including waste and industrial by-products, which are being used increasingly already today. For example, sewage sludge has a low but still significant calorific value and produces ash that becomes a raw material used to make clinker. Cimalux' performance in the recovery of alternative raw materials such as slags from other industrial processes can be considered among the best in class. Nevertheless, further research into the use of suitable alternative raw materials and efforts to ensure access to these materials is necessary.
Alternative fuels, including a high proportion of pretreated waste products, are being used more and more as a source of energy to heat the kiln. They now represent about 40% of the overall energy demand in the EU cement industry. Tyres, sludges, non-recyclable solvents, refuse-derived fuels and other types of waste can be used as alternative fuels. By doing so, the cement industry also plays an active role in upcycling those materials that would otherwise be burned with less added value or dumped into a landfill. Cimalux has also made considerable efforts in using alternative fuels and today alternative fuels account for approximately 50% of fuels used in its heating processes.
As for the reduction of clinker in cement: High-performance cements are being explored that provide concretes with high performances while using less clinker. Such R&D efforts in combination with research on alternative binders for cement are being undertaken. So far, however, cost versus performance of the 'traditional' cement and concrete mix is hard to beat with new technologies. Furthermore, innovation cycles in the construction sector tend to be long and costly due to severe security norms. In this field, major changes cannot be expected rapidly either because they require a joint effort across the whole value chain of the construction industry including architects, civil engineers, and the construction material companies.
These CO2 reduction efforts represent major investments and show the eagerness of the cement industry to contribute to reaching climate objectives. Such investment is however only viable if climate actions such as EU ETS do not harm the competitiveness of the industry. Moving forward with climate actions while preserving the cement industry's competitiveness is thus a prerequisite, and it is possible as long as enough free allowances will prevent a penalisation of the local cement industry. According to Dr Oerter, one of the most important aspects to stay competitive is that annual reduction rates of free allocations must be aligned with technical limits of current cement production processes. The annual linear reduction rates of free allocations, as already applied in Phase 3 and bound to be further tightened in Phase 4, tend to reduce free allocations towards zero. Current and near future technologies, however, do not yet allow cement production in a zero-emissions context. Even by taking all the best currently available technologies into account, emission-free cement production would be hardly possible today. Also, in the future, carbon capture and storage or reuse will be inevitably needed technologies to fully eliminate CO2 emissions from cement production. In other words, the cement industry has a hard time following the pace of ever ambitious climate objectives because alternative technologies are not yet ready and are not developing rapidly enough. The multiplication of research and development, as well as investment efforts, are necessary to preserve the competitiveness of the EU and Luxembourg cement industry in the future.
Guardian Europe, headquartered in Bertrange, Luxembourg, and a subsidiary of the global manufacturer Guardian Glass, based in the United States, has been manufacturing glass in Europe since the opening of its Bascharage-Luxembourg plant in 1981. Guardian also manufactures glass in Dudelange, Luxembourg, and across Europe in plants in Spain, Hungary, Poland, Germany, and the UK. Guardian operates two plants in Russia and other sites around the world, including South America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Guardian products are used in commercial and residential construction as well as transportation applications and can be found in some of the most iconic structures around the globe. Guardian is a leading producer of high-performance coatings on glass that help enhance the energy efficiency of buildings.
Guardian's vision is to help people improve their lives by providing products and services they value more highly than their alternatives and do so responsibly while consuming fewer resources27.
"The attribution of free allowances has helped innovation and industry to invest in the efficiency of its plants as they preserve investment capacity. It, therefore, drives innovation and emission reduction while ensuring the competitiveness of EU industries. However, this instrument alone does not guarantee full protection of industry against carbon leakage under Phase 3. Considering that the amount of free allowances is disconnected from industry needs (in particular due to the CSCF – Cross-Sectoral Correction Factor), CO2 allowances have to be acquired. This represents a cost for manufacturing industries that is not borne by most extra-EU competitors. Therefore, 'artificial' reduction factors not related to the benchmark – should be removed so that free allocations do not decrease at a faster pace than the sector's technical ability to improve its CO2 efficiency.
With the introduction of the EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS), the European Union has taken a global front runner position in its aim to reduce CO2 emissions. The system can be considered as one of EU's flagship climate action policy instruments but until today, it remains the world's only comprehensive emission trading system that imposes nationwide emission reduction constraints to large parts of its industry. At the same time, the somewhat bumpy road and mitigated impact of EU ETS to significantly reduce CO2 emissions in the industry raises the question of the system's effectiveness in its current form.
CO2 emission reduction trajectories imposed by the system on all major energy-intensive industries do not reflect feasible performance improvement potentials of current production technologies. At the same time, it is widely accepted that even with massive research and development efforts, new industrial scale, low CO2 emitting technologies and infrastructure will only be ready in 10 to 15 years, for certain sectors it may even take longer. Consequently, the gap of CO2 allowances that companies will need to purchase by auctioning to comply with EU ETS requirements will continue to widen with no change in short sight.
EU's ambitious climate policies are not equally echoed by its major trading partners. The resulting imbalances in climate policy requirements imposed on energy-intensive industries in the EU and its trading partners are thus increasingly undermining a level playing field for international competition.
These two elements further have a compounding negative economic and ecological effect: While additional production costs from EU climate policies will decrease EU industry's global competitiveness and ultimately its global market shares, their non-EU counterparts will step up their less regulated production capacities to satisfy the newly gained market demands and thus driving up emissions disproportionately. The final stage of such a scenario will be marked by massive divestments of the EU's energy-intensive industries to relocate production outside the EU in order to survive. Now operating in less regulated environments, those new production capacities installed outside EU borders are likely to emit more than if they had stayed within the EU.
It must, therefore, be the ambition of national and European climate policies to create framework conditions and attractive long-term investment perspectives to motivate energy-intensive industries to continue doing business from Europe while reducing emissions. All other approaches may help to reach short term local climate objectives, but they will not be effective to mitigate climate change – which remains a global challenge.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty negotiated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
A total of 192 countries have signed the Kyoto Protocol; Canada withdrew in 2012.
Besides the EU emissions trading system, national or subnational systems are operating or are under development in Canada, China, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Switzerland, and the United States.
Starting from Phase 2, the aviation industry for services within the EEA is included in EU ETS. This paper focuses, however, mainly on stationary installations.
Loi du 1er août 2018 instaurant un régime d'aide dans le contexte du système d'échange de quotas d'émission de gaz à effet de serre après 2012.


The University of Sydney's School of Rural Health (SRH) is a rural clinical school that has been educating medical students in regional New South Wales since 2001. Currently, students can complete the third or fourth year of their degree at SRH campuses, located in Dubbo and Orange.
Earlier this year, funding to expand the School was announced in the Federal Budget, so from as early as 2021, students will be able to enrol in the full four-year medical degree at the Dubbo campus. It's been hailed as a huge win for the region, as it will give more students the chance to study in a rural setting and create more teaching opportunities, which will in turn attract more health professionals to work in the community.
Head of the School of Rural Health, Associate Professor Mark Arnold, is a rheumatologist who was previously a consultant at Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney. He moved to Dubbo in 2013, and now practises in Dubbo, Orange and Gloucester.
"Establishing a full graduate medical school in Dubbo is a major investment and will have positive flow on effects for the region and our medical workforce. With the new facilities at Orange Health Service and the redevelopment of Dubbo Hospital, there are many opportunities for career diversity and advancement. It makes the region an attractive place to study, live and practice," Mark said.
The graduate medical school will increase student numbers in Dubbo from 32 students per year, to an estimated 100 per year. In Orange, the School of Rural Health will continue to offer the third or fourth year of the medical program to 32 students each year, who will live and study in the city.
The School of Rural Health is also a driver of the new Integrated Regional Training Hubs in Dubbo and Orange. The Hubs will create new supervised training positions in areas such as oncology, paediatrics, and emergency medicine. It forms part of an overall picture that sees Central West NSW becoming a leader in medical education, aiming to offer an 'end-to-end' approach where students can complete all their training from student to specialist.
"The Rural Training Hubs will obviate the need for junior doctors to return to metropolitan hospitals for specialist training, and thereby help them to remain in the rural environment. If they return to the city for specialist training, they tend to stay there, and we lose them," Mark said.
The School of Rural Health, along with the Regional Training Hubs and the Western NSW Local Health District, will be an exhibitor at the 15th National Rural Health Conference being held in Hobart in March 2019. The School hopes to showcase the great opportunities available for health professionals in Central West NSW now and into the future.
For more on the School of Rural Health, visit the website sydney.edu.au/medicine/rural-health or Facebook page @SchoolRuralHealthUSYD.
The University of Sydney School of Rural Health is a sponsor of the 15th National Rural Health Conference.


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Former Dutch queen Beatrix tests positive for coronavirus
FILE – Dutch Queen Beatrix smiles when touring a museum in the Netherlands, in this Monday April 8, 2013 file photo. Princess Beatrix, the 83-year-old former Dutch queen, has tested positive for the coronavirus, the royal house announced Saturday. (AP Photo/Peter Dejong, File).
THE HAGUE, Netherlands (AP) — Princess Beatrix, the 83-year-old former Dutch queen, has tested positive for the coronavirus, the royal house announced Saturday.
In a statement, the royal house said Beatrix got tested after feeling "mild cold symptoms." It said she is in isolation at home and abiding by rules for people who have tested positive. The princess lives in a castle in the central Netherlands.
Beatrix was queen of the Netherlands for 33 years until abdicating in 2013, when her eldest son, Willem-Alexander, became king.
Last week she visited the Caribbean island of Curacao, which is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. At the time, she told reporters she had had her COVID-19 booster shot.
Follow all AP stories on the pandemic at https://apnews.com/hub/coronavirus-pandemic.
Owners of Hargis Retreat raising money to renovate beloved Shelby County camp
by Landon Wexler / Jan 18, 2022
CHELSEA, Ala. (WIAT) -- The Knight family is on a mission to renovate Hargis Retreat, a Christian camp that has been in Shelby County for nearly 60 years.
Following decades of wear and tear on the camp's buildings, owners Kellie and Pastor Aaron Knight are hoping to bring Hargis back to its former glory.


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Calculus in One Variable II, 6 credits
Envariabelanalys II, 6 hp
TNIU23
Peter Holgersson
George Baravdish
Recommended self-study hours: 90 h
6KFTL Air Transportation and Logistics, Bachelor's Programme 6 (Spring 2020) 1 2 Swedish Norrköping E
6KLOG Civic Logistics, Bachelor's Programme 6 (Spring 2020) 1 2 Swedish Norrköping E
6IBYG Civil Engineering, Bachelor of Science in Engineering 2 (Spring 2020) 1 2 Swedish Norrköping C
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Air Transportation and Logistics, Bachelor's Programme
Civic Logistics, Bachelor's Programme
Note: Admission requirements for non-programme students usually also include admission requirements for the programme and threshold requirements for progression within the programme, or corresponding.
Calculus part 1
The student should after the course be able to:
define, descirbe and combine basic analytical notions like indefinite- and definite integrals, Maclaurin- and Taylorpolynomials, differential equations,
understand the content of most relevant theorems of analysis (like main theorem of analysis, main theorem of integral calculus, Taylor theorem),
understand the ideas of proofs of some of these theorems,
calculate integrals of various functions by an appropriate choice of integration method
apply integral calculus for calculations of various geometric quantities (like area of figures or volume of three-dimensional objects) by choosing suitable methods,
apply integral calculus for calculations of various features (like expecte value, standard deviation or quantiles) of one-dimensional continuous stochastic variables,
approximate functions with Maclaurin- or Taylorpolynomials,
handle some simple differential equations and apply them for mathematical modelling of simple systems.
Primitive functions and basic integration methods. Definite integrals and main theorem of analysis. Geomtric applications of integral calculus. Application of integrals in statistics: evaluations of expected value, standard deviation and quantiles for continous stochastic variables. Approximation of functions through Maclaurin- and Taylorexpansions. Differential equations: first order separable and linear differential equations and linear differential equations of second order.
The course is given in a series of lectures and tutorials and is examined by a written exam TEN1. A bonus-point system based on an optional written test is applied.
KTR1 Optional written test 0 credits U, G
TEN1 Written examination 6 credits U, 3, 4, 5
If teaching language is Swedish, the course as a whole or in large parts, is taught in Swedish. Please note that although teaching language is Swedish, parts of the course could be given in English. Examination language is Swedish.
If teaching language is Swedish/English, the course as a whole will be taught in English if students without prior knowledge of the Swedish language participate. Examination language is Swedish or English (depending on teaching language).
Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap
Course website and other links
www.itn.liu.se/~krzma
Göran Forsling, Mats Neymark, Matematisk analys. En variabel Senaste Liber AB
Compendia
Göran Forsling, Övningar i analys i en variabel
Board of Studies for Mechanical Engineering and Design
Interrupting a course
The vice-chancellor's decision concerning regulations for registration, deregistration and reporting results (Dnr LiU-2015-01241) states that interruptions in study are to be recorded in Ladok. Thus, all students who do not participate in a course for which they have registered must record the interruption, such that the registration on the course can be removed. Deregistration from a course is carried out using a web-based form: https://www.lith.liu.se/for-studenter/kurskomplettering?l=en.
Cancelled courses
For details, see Guidelines for education and examination for first-cycle and second-cycle education at Linköping University, http://styrdokument.liu.se/Regelsamling/VisaBeslut/917592.
An examiner must be employed as a teacher at LiU according to the LiU Regulations for Appointments (https://styrdokument.liu.se/Regelsamling/VisaBeslut/622784). For courses in second-cycle, the following teachers can be appointed as examiner: Professor (including Adjunct and Visiting Professor), Associate Professor (including Adjunct), Senior Lecturer (including Adjunct and Visiting Senior Lecturer), Research Fellow, or Postdoc. For courses in first-cycle, Assistant Lecturer (including Adjunct and Visiting Assistant Lecturer) can also be appointed as examiner in addition to those listed for second-cycle courses. In exceptional cases, a Part-time Lecturer can also be appointed as an examiner at both first- and second cycle, see Delegation of authority for the Board of Faculty of Science and Engineering.
Written and oral examinations are held at least three times a year: once immediately after the end of the course, once in August, and once (usually) in one of the re-examination periods. Examinations held at other times are to follow a decision of the board of studies.
courses given in VT2 are examined for the first time in May, with re-examination in August and October
Examinations for courses that the board of studies has decided are to be held in alternate years are held three times during the school year in which the course is given according to the principles stated above.
When a course is given for the last time, the regular examination and two re-examinations will be offered. Thereafter, examinations are phased out by offering three examinations during the following academic year at the same times as the examinations in any substitute course. If there is no substitute course, three examinations will be offered during re-examination periods during the following academic year. Other examination times are decided by the board of studies. In all cases above, the examination is also offered one more time during the academic year after the following, unless the board of studies decides otherwise.
If a course is given during several periods of the year (for programmes, or on different occasions for different programmes) the board or boards of studies determine together the scheduling and frequency of re-examination occasions.
In order to take an examination, a student must register in advance at the Student Portal during the registration period, which opens 30 days before the date of the examination and closes 10 days before it. Candidates are informed of the location of the examination by email, four days in advance. Students who have not registered for an examination run the risk of being refused admittance to the examination, if space is not available.
Symbols used in the examination registration system:
** denotes that the examination is being given for the penultimate time.
* denotes that the examination is being given for the last time.
Students at the Institute of Technology at LiU have the right to retake written examinations and computer-based examinations in an attempt to achieve a higher grade. This is valid for all examination components with code "TEN" and "DAT". The same right may not be exercised for other examination components, unless otherwise specified in the course syllabus.
Regulations concerning retakes of other forms of examination than written examinations and computer-based examinations are given in the LiU guidelines for examinations and examiners, http://styrdokument.liu.se/Regelsamling/VisaBeslut/917592.
In the event of a suspected attempt by a student to cheat during an examination, or when study performance is to be assessed as specified in Chapter 10 of the Higher Education Ordinance, the examiner is to report this to the disciplinary board of the university. Possible consequences for the student are suspension from study and a formal warning. More information is available at https://www.student.liu.se/studenttjanster/lagar-regler-rattigheter?l=en.
Grades U, 3, 4, 5 are to be awarded for courses that have written examinations.
Grades U, 3, 4, 5 are to be awarded for written examinations (TEN).
Examination components for which the grades Fail (U) and Pass (G) may be awarded are laboratory work (LAB), project work (PRA), preparatory written examination (KTR), oral examination (MUN), computer-based examination (DAT), home assignment (HEM), and assignment (UPG).
Students receive grades either Fail (U) or Pass (G) for other examination components in which the examination criteria are satisfied principally through active attendance such as other examination (ANN), tutorial group (BAS) or examination item (MOM).
For mandatory components, the following applies: If special circumstances prevail, and if it is possible with consideration of the nature of the compulsory component, the examiner may decide to replace the compulsory component with another equivalent component. (In accordance with the LiU Guidelines for education and examination for first-cycle and second-cycle education at Linköping University, http://styrdokument.liu.se/Regelsamling/VisaBeslut/917592).
For written examinations, the following applies: If the LiU coordinator for students with disabilities has granted a student the right to an adapted examination for a written examination in an examination hall, the student has the right to it. If the coordinator has instead recommended for the student an adapted examination or alternative form of examination, the examiner may grant this if the examiner assesses that it is possible, based on consideration of the course objectives. (In accordance with the LiU Guidelines for education and examination for first-cycle and second-cycle education at Linköping University, http://styrdokument.liu.se/Regelsamling/VisaBeslut/917592).
Within the course, the studies of engineering mathemtaics continues
Importance of logical reasoning - important for all future engineers - with mathematics as a language
Importance of logical reasoning with colleagues - important for all future engineers - with mathematics as a language
Always clear on this point


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Home / chile / The women's basketball team under the age of 15 doubles
The women's basketball team under the age of 15 doubles
chile November 4, 2018 chile
The U-15 women's basketball team defeated Ecuador with 61-43 defeats He consecrated the South American 2018 champion; trophy, which adds last year's championship title to U-14 in Colombia.
This time,Huasitas"They gave a real show in Aysen." Although the Chilean teams were able to increase the benefits, although I found myself in the opposite of each other.
The result is a Chilean Olympic Committee via Twitter for your account:
"SOUTH AMERICAN COMPETITIONS ! The U-15 women's basketball team defeated Ecuador and remained at the Aysen regional title. Great Huitas! Congratulations, "the agency wrote.
With this important triumph, "Huasitas" hopes for the Premundial Sub-16 in 2019.
Concepción of the health service is due to the removal of 554 patients from a computer error in the waiting lists
The complex competition that will face the Cami Recabarren and JP Cretton | TV and show
The dollar rises to a look at the Central Bank – LaTercera
Arias breaks silence after Copa America: "Maybe because I was born in Argentina, I was criticized more in Chile"
opens its sixth store in Vina del Mar and launches the new smartphone HUAWEI Y9 Prime 2019
The "hunger trick" of our ancestors, which has become a "curse" – 18/07/2019


Hint: it might not be where you think!
When you think about where to house your business, you think of the famous realtor's mantra: Location, location, location.
Location can make or break a business. It determines how easy it is for clients to get to you, how much you spend on rent, and how close you are to essential amenities.
Many business owners think that the only way to get a good location is to rent space downtown. After all, that's where the people are right?
But some businesses actually do better outside the hustle and bustle (and expense) of the downtown highrise.
Here are three points to consider before you take out a second mortgage on your house to pay rent in a fancy office building in the heart of the downtown chaos.
The point of locating your office downtown is to be in the heart of it all. That sounds great in theory. If your business relies on foot traffic and walk-ins, it probably will be great.
But think about the last time you drove downtown. How bad was the traffic? How hard (and expensive) was it to find parking?
If you have clients making appointments to meet with you, do you want them to have to fight rush hour traffic (which starts at about 1:30 p.m. in Hampton Roads and goes until about 9 a.m. the next morning) and then pay for parking just to come see you?
Or would you rather be just off the highway with plenty of free parking?
If the second option sounded good to you, you might want to look for an office building outside of downtown.
Downtown is a happening place. In fact, pretty much everything happens there, from concerts to protests to festivals and street fairs.
It's fun, it's vibrant, it's unpredictable.
Sometimes you can pop out before your conference call to buy a hot dog from a street vendor. Sometimes your street gets closed for a parade on the day you have an important meeting. Sometimes all the noise and the hurry doesn't seem to help.
When you rent downtown, you never know what's going to happen. All you can do is keep an eye on the events calendar and hope you can schedule around the more rowdy happenings.
Downtown space is at a premium, and that means you'll pay premium prices.
Depending on the size of your space and your proximity to the shopping district, downtown rents can be much higher than pretty much anywhere else in the city. Dollar for dollar, you can get a lot more space if you look somewhere else.
If your business needs to be seen as a hip and trendy high-dollar retail space, then downtown is probably the place for you. But if you don't do much (or any foot traffic) the downtown rents might not be worth it.
If you'd rather locate your business in a quiet, well-maintained office building with plenty of parking and easy access to the highway, consider the affordable office suites at College Park Executive Suites in Virginia Beach.
It's the hidden gem in the heart of Hampton Roads.
Contact Jackie today and she'll have you ready to work tomorrow.


UNC system President Emeritus Thomas W. Ross has been named the first Terry Sanford Distinguished Fellow at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy.
The Terry Sanford Fellowship and Terry Sanford Distinguished Lecture were created to facilitate visits to Duke by "men and women of the highest personal and professional stature," such as presidents, prime ministers and cabinet members, chief executive officers of corporations, visionary artists and esteemed scholars. The fellowship and lecture are endowed by the William R. Kenan Jr. Charitable Trust.
During his fellowship, Ross will focus on a variety of policy issues and will work with POLIS, Duke's new Center for Politics, Leadership, Innovation and Service, to launch a bipartisan project aimed at improving how political district lines are drawn in the United States.
In addition to the redistricting project and working with Sanford School leaders to engage with policymakers, Ross will deliver a public Terry Sanford Distinguished Lecture and consult with faculty and students. His partnership with Duke and the Sanford School begins Feb. 1 and will continue at least through the spring semester.
Ross, a graduate of Davidson College and the UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, served as president of the 17-campus UNC system from January 2011 through January 2016. Previously he served as president of Davidson College, where he earned his undergraduate degree in political science; as executive director of the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation; and as a North Carolina Superior Court Judge for 17 years.
At UNC, Ross led the North Carolina public university system through difficult financial times while focusing on student success and increasing educational attainment. He worked with the UNC Board of Governors to develop and begin implementation of an aggressive strategic plan and selected chancellors at 11 of the 17 UNC institutions.
At Davidson, Ross implemented The Davidson Trust, making the college the first liberal arts institution in the nation to replace loans with grants in all financial aid packages, giving all students the opportunity to graduate debt-free.
As Superior Court judge, Ross was appointed to lead a state Sentencing and Policy Advisory Commission. The commission developed a structured sentencing system that was adopted by the N.C. General Assembly in 1993 and considered a national model.
Ross has received many awards during his career, including the William H. Rehnquist Award for Judicial Excellence (2000), given annually to one state judge in the nation; Governing Magazine's National Public Official of the Year (1994); The Echo Foundation Award Against Indifference (2015); and Distinguished Alumni Awards from both Davidson College and the UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law.
In recognition of his service to the state, Gov. James B. Hunt Jr. named Ross a recipient of the Order of the Long Leaf Pine in 1999.
Ross remains a tenured faculty member at UNC-Chapel Hill and plans to return to the School of Government there after a one-year sabbatical.


text:
Q: Recieveing Error : undefined property bitmapfilter type AS3 I'm working on a tutorial for a pong clone and am currently trying to add a BevelFilter to a ball image. When I type in the code it returns an error saying

undefined property bitmapfilter type

I checked on live docs and it should be valid. I marked the line with two *'s
package
{
import flash.display.Sprite;
import flash.display.Graphics;
import flash.events.Event;
import flash.filters.BevelFilter;
import flash.filters.GlowFilter;

public class Ball extends Sprite
{
    private const RADIUS:int = 12;
    private const COLOR:uint = 0x01A6B2;
    private const COLOR2:uint = 0x45FCFF;
**  private const BEVEL:BevelFilter = new BevelFilter(4, 90, COLOR2, 1, COLOR2, 1, 10, 10, 1, 1, BitmapFilterType.Inner, true);
    private const GLOW:GlowFilter = new GlowFilter(0xFFFFFF, .6, 0, 0, 5, 1, true);

    public function Ball():void {
        addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, go);
    }

    private function go(e:Event):void {
        removeEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, go);
        graphics.lineStyle(2, COLOR, 1);
        graphics.beginFill(COLOR);
        graphics.drawCircle(0, 0, RADIUS);
        filters = [BEVEL, GLOW];
    }
}
}

Thanks!

A: I use these on a regular basis. Your code should look like this...
private const BEVEL:BevelFilter = new BevelFilter(4, 90, COLOR2, 1, COLOR2, 1, 10, 10, 1, 1, "inner", true);

That second-to-last argument accepts a string.
Not sure why the docs represent it differently. This was off of the code hints for Adobe Flash CS6, and I know this should work.


Massasoit was the chief of the Wampanoag Indians. This bronze statue was created by sculptor Cyrus Dallin was erected in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1921.
As the Patriot Ledger reported, Turner, who grew up in Plymouth, launched the Native Plymouth Tours, showcasing the Native point of view to this storied location. The walking tour is roughly 90 minutes long and takes visitors to the area's only American Indian statue, two commemorative plaques, and the site of a Wampanoag leader's homestead. Turner gives an oral history of the Wampanoag as well as stories about the Pilgrims, Plymouth Rock, the many travails of the Mayflower, and what it was like to work at the Jenney Grist mill in 1636. "It's not a Native American tour, it's a tour of historic Plymouth with a Native American perspective," Turner told the Ledger.
For more information on the tour, call 774-454-7792, or go to nativeplymouthtours.com.


Travis Goodspeed is a circuit preacher from Southern Appalachia, wandering around the world to teach techniques for weird uses of computers. He created the GoodFET and Facedancer boards for embedded system and USB hacking. With some good neighbors at Dartmouth College, he created the Packet-in-Packet technique for remotely injecting PHY-layer packets remotely with neither a radio nor a software bug. His current hobby is the Southern Appalachian Space Agency.


Home › FOS › FOS ombudsman overturns adjudicator (again)…doesn't happen often !
FOS ombudsman overturns adjudicator (again)…doesn't happen often !
This is a most interesting case.
Claimant accepts reduced offer…ex gratia…full and final…finish !
Lawyer contacts The Guardian newspaper…Insurer pays up.
A lot of contentious points here…IMHO !


text:
module FrankAfcProxy
  VERSION = "0.0.1"
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


【Modern 30 inch Wall Mount Cooker Range Hood】 Kuppet popular 30 inch size wall mount range hood fits most kitchens, with Slim and modern shape, it is great for condos and apartments.
【5-Button Controls & Energy Saving】Push button control includes light, high speed, mid speed, low speed and power;LED Light is very energy efficient and bright enough to cover your whole range top.
【High Quality & Large Oil Storage】Made of 430 stainless steel, highly corrosion resistant.It has a large oil storage cup,so you only need to pour oil every 2 or 6 months,and it is also very easy to remove and clean.
【Superior Filtration & Quite Powerful Motor】Durable reusable aluminum mesh filters included to trap grease and oil. What's more, powerful suction with quiet motor protects your home and family from unwanted smells quickly.


text:
class ImageMeta : public MetaBase {
public:
  Pagent* load(const ElementWrap& node, Group* parent);

  Viewent::Ref create_viewent(View& view, Pagent& node);

  PropBase* getProp();
};

#endif


Congratulations to all the County students who made it through another school year! It is up to all of us to make sure our youth and young adults are safe through graduation season and the summer.
During the spring prom and graduation season, young people are more likely to fall victim of vehicle crashes — especially those involving alcohol. To reduce the risk of that happening in Ventura County, we are educating our young people of the legal consequences of underage drinking and impaired driving to promote a safe prom and graduation season.
Keep in mind, too, that it's not just about alcohol and driving. Distracted driving (such as texting while behind the wheel), and buzzed driving (driving while under the influence of marijuana and/or Rx drugs) are problems, too, and carry very real consequences.


WorkKeys® is a job skills assessment system measuring "real world� skills that are critical to job success. These skills are valuable for any occupation – and for any level of education.
Assessments are when you, your employer, or your potential employer pay to have you "tested� in certain skill areas to determine your current level of skills.
As a job seeker, you want to put your best foot forward. Many area employers want to know your WorkKeys® skill levels prior to hiring you. A WorkKeys® certification card will immediately describe your level of skills to an employer when you interview or apply for work.
Prior to taking the tests, it is recommended, but not required, that you visit an SC Works Center, technical college or other location where Keytrain or WIN tutorials are available for free. By utilizing these tools, you will get a good idea of how you will score on the WorkKeys® assessments, but more importantly, on which testing areas you may want to concentrate your study time.


text:
Max Lee
Soon after graduating from a rigorous Chinese culinary school, Max kicked off his career in the world of sweets as a pastry chef at Cova's Pastry Kitchen. Equipped with the meticulous skill and discipline of working in a high-calibre pastry kitchen, Max changed course to pursue a role in an Asian fusion restaurant thereafter. Following a few years of honing his craft, Max began his tenure at a traditional Chinese restaurant, Xi Yan, to rein it all in where he began. In 2010 he began his journey as a chef at GOLD, which went on to to receive its first Michelin star soon after, as well as European fine dining restaurant Penthouse.
The rave reviews for Penthouse spoke for themselves, as the restaurant became a massive hit in the famously hard-to- please Hong Kong market. This was when Max first met and worked with Joe Lee, currently the Director of Culinary & Operations at Lee Lo Mei, during the most critical and defining time of his career as an aspiring chef. Now, 18 strong years later, Joe has recruited Max back as the Executive Chef of ZS Hospitality Group's newest concept at 8 Lyndhurst Terrace, Lee Lo Mei.


text:
Cable lost 500,000+ subscribers in Q3, thanks to the Web
By Emil Protalinski on November 5, 2010, 18:30 50 comments
Last quarter was the first time ever that US pay-for TV subscription rates declined, and in Q3 2010, cable lost over 518,300 subscribers in total, according to GigaOm. Four of the five biggest cable companies lost customers: Comcast had more than half of the losses at 275,000, Time Warner took a 155,000 subscriber hit, Charter Communications lost 63,800, and Cablevision waved goodbye to 24,500 customers. The third largest cable provider, Cox Communications, is privately held and therefore doesn't have to announce its subscriber numbers publicly. The number is thus likely even bigger if we could include Cox plus all the smaller cable companies.
Now, we normally wouldn't cover cable TV news, but more than half a million users ditching their cable companies is significant. The reason for such staggering losses is simple: the Internet is taking over. Cable is falling on the wayside as services like Netflix and Hulu continue to expand their offerings.
Cable companies are blaming the poor numbers on the weak economy but instead of embracing the Web, they're merely raising prices for remaining customers. Talk about digging yourself into a hole. In fact, Comcast admitted that its average customer revenue rose by 10 percent year over year to $136 per month. Charter's similarly jumped by nine percent to $126 monthly fee. Cablevision's price didn't increase, but monthly revenue per customer still amounted to a huge $149 per month.
Charter Communications will spend more than $600 million to stay in New York
Facebook reportedly agrees to $5 billion FTC settlement
Appeals court rules that Amazon is liable for third-party goods
Craigslist founder: 'Most' online outrage is faked for profit
Wiggling the mouse in Windows 95 made the operating system faster
Intel Core i9-9900KF slips to just $440 over on Amazon
Games won't be cheaper on Google Stadia


text:
Cromwell PD: Middletown woman made road rage threat with tire iron
Allegedly wielded tire iron to threaten victim following near crash
Shicondra PerryCourtesy Cromwell Police
CROMWELL >> A 25-year-old Middletown woman was arrested Monday after an alleged road rage incident in which police say she menaced another motorist with a tire iron.
The incident occurred just before 4 p.m. Monday "in the area of Route 372," according to a press release prepared by Sgt. Ryan Parsons.
In an email Tuesday morning, Parsons said the incident "stemmed from a near-collision" that took place in Middletown.
A female motorist reported that a woman who was following her had stopped at the intersection of Route 372 and Country Squire Road and allegedly threatened her with a tire iron.
The motorist told police she fled, driving through a nearby condominium complex in an effort to get away from her pursuer. But the suspect followed her through the complex and back onto Route 372, Parsons said, before finally "fleeing the scene in an unknown direction."
Through "the help of an independent witness," police say they were able to identify the suspect as Shicondra Perry, of 57 Russell St., Middletown. Police contacted Perry, who then turned herself into police at headquarters a short time later, according to Parsons.
Perry was arrested and charged with second-degree breach of peace, second-degree threatening and following too closely with intent to harass and/or intimidate. A routine computer check disclosed Perry was also wanted for failure to respond to an infraction in connection with an unrelated outstanding arrest warrant.
Perry was held at police headquarters in lieu of $2,500 bail on the charges stemming from the road rage incident and an additional $1,000 cash bond for the infraction.
Perry was scheduled to appear Tuesday morning in Middlesex Superior Court.
Parsons said the motorist and the accused do not know each other.


We welcome all sales inquiries no matter how large or how small. We are here to help you through the process of selling whether you are selling a single family home, condo, apartment building or anything in between. We know the area and we are excited to work with you to ensure your real estate success.
Stellar Properties knows that technology is an important element in selling properties in the current environment. So many buyers start their home search online, it is critical to have the best online presence possible. With this in mind we have engaged a high level of social media presence to ensure we market and engage potential buyers and our extensive network when we list a property for sale. We strategically utilize "keywords" so that consumers searching online will find our listings when they identify unique attributes for the home they are buying.
Stellar Properties knows that we live in a visual world so we have engaged some of the best photographers and videographers in the area to help maximize the online viewing experience of Stellar Properties' homes for sale. To view Stellar Properties listing videos click here.
We frequently meet and listen to our business partners to make sure that we are utilizing the best technologies that will effectively help our sellers achieve their goals. We do not just list your property on the MLS. Instead we listen to your needs, engage social media and reach out to our extensive network to make sure you have a successful real estate sales experience.
We would love to represent you in the sale of your real estate!


text:
"use strict";

module.exports = function (sequelize, DataTypes) {
    var classification_group_associations = sequelize.define("classification_group_associations", {
            classificationId: DataTypes.STRING,
            classificationGroupId: DataTypes.STRING,
            orderNo: {
                type: DataTypes.STRING
            },
            createdBy: {type: DataTypes.STRING, defaultValue: 'jcadmin'},
            updatedBy: {type: DataTypes.STRING, defaultValue: 'jcadmin'}
        },
        {
            classMethods: {
                associate: function (models) {
                    classification_group_associations.belongsTo(models.product, {foreignKey: 'productId'});
                }
            }
        }
    );

    return classification_group_associations;
};


To be relevant for any industry, 5G must support any service or application required, in a flexible and efficient way. Different services or use-cases pose different requirements on 5G. For the mining business we can imagine two very different examples, spanning the space of 5G.


text:
Philly Mom Spends $25K on Camel, Sand, Cars for Son's Prom
Saudia Shuler says it was all worth it after taking on cancer and suffering from a stroke
Published at 10:05 am on June 5, 2017
One Philadelphia teenager's mom took his prom to the extreme, spending $25,000 on a camel, three tons of sand and exotic cars. He brought three dates, all in custom-made gowns, and wore three different outfits himself.
Saudia Shuler says she had thought of sending her only son, Johnny Eden Jr., to Dubai for a visit. Instead, she decided to bring Dubai to Philadelphia for the formal dance.
She brought the sand and the camel into their neighborhood for photos. Luxury cars, including a Rolls Royce and a Lamborghini, were on loan for the evening.
Shuler, who owns the North Philadelphia restaurant Country Cookin, says it was all worth it after going through years of tragedies and life-threatening health issues.
The 43-year-old woman told Billy Penn her son's father was murdered and she lost a baby she was carrying at the time. She was then struck by a car in 2007 and was unable to continue her job as a hairstylist. Her health troubles continued when she was diagnosed with thyroid cancer which she underwent surgery for in 2015. She also suffered a stroke and several seizures.
While dealing with the stroke, Shuler made a vow to put on a huge prom for her son if she lived to see it, according to Billy Penn. She began saving up money for the event each week until she was finally able to fulfill that promise in a big way, creating a sendoff for her son that few will ever forget.
Jay stylist killed it . You are amazing @stylesbychey . 😜😜😜😜thank u
A post shared by Saudia shuler (@countrycookin1) on Jun 3, 2017 at 9:58am PDT


text:
Wilcannia es una pequeña ciudad localizada en el condado central de Darling en el noroeste de Nueva Gales del Sur, Australia. Fue la tercera ciudad más importante con un puerto en el interior durante la era del comercio fluvial a mediados del S.XIX. En el censo de 2011 Wilcannia tenía una población de 600 habitantes. Se encuentra en la ribera derecha del curso medio del río Darling.

Historia

El término Wilcannia deriva de una palabra aborigen que significa hueco o espacio en la ribera del río por donde las crecidas escapan o también puede significar perro salvaje. Ninguno de los dos significados ha sido lingüísticamente verificado.

En 1835 el explorador sir Thomas Mitchell fue el primer europeo en llegar a la región y estuvo siguiendo el curso del río Darling hasta la actual ciudad de Menindee. En junio de 1866, le fue dada la categoría de municipio. En 1871 la población era de más de 250 personas y creció hasta casi los 1500 una década más tarde. Durante la década de 1880 Wilcannia alcanzó su máximo de población, con unas 3000 personas, trece hoteles y su propio periódico. Era junto con Wentworth, Echuca, Mannum y Goolwa, uno de los puertos principales del sistema Murray-Darling que eran de capital importancia para el transporte de bienes como lana y trigo durante la era del transporte por barcos de vapor, en la segunda mitad del S.XIX.

Galería

Referencias

Ciudades de Australia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Nestled in the heart of Old Town on bustling King Street is Morrison House's sister property, The Alexandrian , an Autograph Collection hotel. Well-dressed yet bold spirited, the historic Virginia hotel has a delightful dual personality with luxury accommodations perfectly suited for business and leisure travelers alike. 241 newly-renovated rooms and suites offer guests an urban escape—some with graceful balconies, others with spacious dual-level loft layouts. The atmosphere throughout is warm and inviting, luring both visitors and locals to chic inside spaces, the acclaimed Jackson 20 restaurant and coveted outdoor patio.