text:
Q: Random r is always the same (Updated with new info) Inside the brackets of
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity

I have (among other things):
public float numAlea() {
        return r.nextFloat();
    }

Inside OnCreate I have:
r = new Random();

Then, I have a private void method that starts with
random0to1 = numAlea();

and uses 'random0to1' as if it was a random number, but it seems that this random0to1 is always a number somewhere between 2/3 and 1, because between three buttons that should "pop" randomly each time this private void method is called only the third button is "popped". What is wrong with this code?
Thank you very much for your time!
I believe this question is different from the one suggested by Stack Overflow, because I am not using seeds (and I guess I don't need to, because I once had a similar problem when building another app and managed to fix it - unfortunately, using the same structure of that app regarding random numbers didn't fix the issue I'm presenting here).
UPDATE:
MainActivity.java
package com.example.android.whack_a_lock_022;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.CountDownTimer;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.Random;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    int cl = 0;
    int nl = 0;
    int sl = 0;
    int whacks = 0;
    int maxwhacks = 0;
    Random r;
    float random0to1;
    private CountDownTimer countDownTimer;
    private Button start;
    private Button cancel;
    private TextView time;

    public float numAlea() {
        return r.nextFloat();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        r = new Random();

        Button clButton = findViewById(R.id.cl);
        Button nlButton = findViewById(R.id.nl);
        Button slButton = findViewById(R.id.sl);

        View.OnClickListener btnClickListener = new View.OnClickListener () {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                switch(v.getId()) {
                    case R.id.startButton :
                        start();
                        break;
                    case R.id.cancelButton :
                        cancel();
                        break;
                }
            }
        };

        clButton.setOnClickListener (new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (cl == 1) {
                    cl = 0;
                    TextView CapsLock = findViewById(R.id.cl);
                    CapsLock.setText("0");
                    whacks++;
                    TextView NumberOfWhacks = findViewById(R.id.numberOfWhacksView);
                    NumberOfWhacks.setText(String.valueOf(whacks));
                    if (whacks > maxwhacks) {
                        maxwhacks = whacks;
                        TextView NumberOfMaxWhacks = findViewById(R.id.numberOfMaxWhacksView);
                        NumberOfMaxWhacks.setText(String.valueOf(maxwhacks));
                    }

                    pop();
                }
            }
        });

        nlButton.setOnClickListener (new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (nl == 1) {
                    nl = 0;
                    TextView NumLock = findViewById(R.id.nl);
                    NumLock.setText("0");
                    whacks++;
                    TextView NumberOfWhacks = findViewById(R.id.numberOfWhacksView);
                    NumberOfWhacks.setText(String.valueOf(whacks));
                    if (whacks > maxwhacks) {
                        maxwhacks = whacks;
                        TextView NumberOfMaxWhacks = findViewById(R.id.numberOfMaxWhacksView);
                        NumberOfMaxWhacks.setText(String.valueOf(maxwhacks));
                    }

                    pop();
                }
            }
        });

        slButton.setOnClickListener (new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (sl == 1) {
                    sl = 0;
                    TextView ScrollLock = findViewById(R.id.sl);
                    ScrollLock.setText("0");
                    whacks++;
                    TextView NumberOfWhacks = findViewById(R.id.numberOfWhacksView);
                    NumberOfWhacks.setText(String.valueOf(whacks));
                    if (whacks > maxwhacks) {
                        maxwhacks = whacks;
                        TextView NumberOfMaxWhacks = findViewById(R.id.numberOfMaxWhacksView);
                        NumberOfMaxWhacks.setText(String.valueOf(maxwhacks));
                    }

                    pop();
                }
            }
        });

        // Capture our button from layout
        start = (Button) findViewById(R.id.startButton);
        start.setOnClickListener(btnClickListener);
        cancel = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancelButton);
        cancel.setOnClickListener(btnClickListener);
        time = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.time);

        // Register the onClick listener with the implementation above

    }

    private void start () {

        time.setText("60");

        countDownTimer = new CountDownTimer(60 * 1000, 1000) {
            @Override
            public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
                time.setText("" + millisUntilFinished / 1000);
            }

            @Override
            public void onFinish(){
                time.setText("Done !");
            }
        };
        countDownTimer.start();

        pop();

    }

    private void pop(){
        // Escolhe e "POPa" o botão

        // Gera número aleatório

        random0to1 = numAlea();

        if (random0to1 <= (1 / 3)) {

            cl = 1;
            Button clButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cl);
            clButton.setText("1");

        } else if (random0to1 <= 2 / 3) {
            nl = 1;
            Button nlButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.nl);
            nlButton.setText("1");
        } else if (random0to1 <= 1) {
            sl = 1;
            Button slButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sl);
            slButton.setText("1");
        }
    }

    private void cancel() {
        if (countDownTimer != null) {
            countDownTimer.cancel();
            countDownTimer = null;
        }

        //Põe botões a zeros

        cl = 0;
        Button clButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cl);
        clButton.setText("0");

        nl = 0;
        Button nlButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.nl);
        nlButton.setText("0");

        sl = 0;
        Button slButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sl);
        slButton.setText("0");

        whacks = 0;
        TextView NumberOfWhacks = findViewById(R.id.numberOfWhacksView);
        NumberOfWhacks.setText("0");

    }

}

activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/whacksView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="WHACKS"
            android:textSize="24sp"
            android:textAlignment="center"/>
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/maxWhacksView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textAlignment="center"
            android:text="MAX WHACKS"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:textSize="24sp"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/time"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textAlignment="center"
        android:text="60"
        android:textSize="24sp"/>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/numberOfWhacksView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="0"
            android:textAlignment="center"
            android:textSize="24sp"/>
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/numberOfMaxWhacksView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textAlignment="center"
            android:text="0"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:textSize="24sp"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/cl"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="0"
            android:layout_weight="1"/>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/nl"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="0"
            android:layout_weight="1"/>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/sl"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="0"
            android:layout_weight="1"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/startButton"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:text="Start" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/cancelButton"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:text="Cancel" />

</LinearLayout>

A: I think an error is in this part of the code - see my comments:
 private void pop(){
        random0to1 = numAlea();

        if (random0to1 <= (1 / 3)) {             // 1/3 == 0 , try to use 1F / 3

            cl = 1;
            Button clButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cl);
            clButton.setText("1");

        } else if (random0to1 <= 2 / 3) {       // As same as in a previous branch
            nl = 1;
            Button nlButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.nl);
            nlButton.setText("1");
        } else if (random0to1 <= 1) {
            sl = 1;
            Button slButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sl);
            slButton.setText("1");
        }
    }


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text:
Tatha Gallery
Rhona Taylor
Born London, 1975. Lives and works in Edinburgh with a studio at Wasps, West Park Place
Rhona Taylor is a multi-disciplinary artist whose work includes installations, painting, printmaking, photography and sculpture. She uses colour, materials, light and surface to explore the relationship between two and three dimensions.
Her work often responds to, physically interacts with and manipulates different spaces and surfaces. Much of her work is concerned with mapping and the navigation of space, as well as the boundaries and transitions of place and time.
She often makes work in response to particular places, in areas that are perceived as being remote or isolated. She's particularly drawn to the sea, coast, islands and the extreme reaches of land.
Newport on Tay
Fife DD6 8AB
lindsay@tathagallery.com
Wednesday to Saturday 10:30am to 4pm
During changeover week we may be closed phone before visiting
Artland, opens in a new tab.
Copyright © 2022 Tatha Gallery

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php
namespace Foostart\Mail\Validators;

use Event;
use \LaravelAcl\Library\Validators\AbstractValidator;

use Illuminate\Support\MessageBag as MessageBag;

class MailAdminValidator extends AbstractValidator
{
    protected static $rules = array(
        'mail_name' => 'required',
    );

    protected static $messages = [];

    public function __construct()
    {
        Event::listen('validating', function($input)
        {
        });
        $this->messages();
    }

    public function validate($input) {

        $flag = parent::validate($input);

        $this->errors = $this->errors?$this->errors:new MessageBag();

        $flag = $this->isValidTitle($input)?$flag:FALSE;

        return $flag;
    }

    public function messages() {
        self::$messages = [
            'required' => 'The :attribute '.trans('mail::mail_admin.required'),
        ];
    }

    public function isValidTitle($input) {

        $flag = TRUE;

        $min_lenght = config('mail_admin.name_min_length');
        $max_lenght = config('mail_admin.name_max_length');
        $subject_min_length = config('mail_admin.subject_min_length');
        $subject_max_length = config('mail_admin.subject_max_length');

        $mail_name = @$input['mail_name'];
        $subject = @$input['mail_subject'];
        $file = @$input['fileToUpload'];
        $checkInternet = @$input['internet_interrupt'];
        $file_size = TRUE;

        $arr_mail = explode(' ', $mail_name);
        $count_mail = count($arr_mail);

        if($checkInternet != null){
            $this->errors->add('internet_interrupt', trans('mail::mail_admin.internet_interrupt'));
            $flag = FALSE;
        }

        if($file != null){
            if ($file->isValid()){
                if($file->getSize() > $file->getMaxFilesize())
                    $file_size = FALSE;
            }
            elseif ($file->getError()) {
                $file_size = FALSE;
            }
        }

        if($count_mail != 1){
            foreach ($arr_mail as $key => $value) {
                if($value != null){
                    if (!filter_var(trim($value), FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
                        $this->errors->add('mail_address_unvalid', trans('mail::mail_admin.mail_address_unvalid'));
                        $flag = FALSE;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            if (!filter_var(trim($mail_name), FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
                $this->errors->add('mail_address_unvalid', trans('mail::mail_admin.mail_address_unvalid'));
                $flag = FALSE;
            }
        }
        if ($subject != NULL){
            if ((strlen($subject) < $subject_min_length)
                || (strlen($subject) > $subject_max_length)) {
                $this->errors->add('subject_unvalid_length', trans('mail::mail_admin.subject_unvalid_length', [
                        'SUBJECT_MIN_LENGTH' => $subject_min_length,
                        'SUBJECT_MAX_LENGTH' => $subject_max_length
                    ])
                );
                $flag = FALSE;
            }
        }

        if(!$file_size){
            $this->errors->add('attach_unvalid', trans('mail::mail_admin.attach_unvalid')
            );
            $flag = FALSE;
        }

        return $flag;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
A Szent Márton-székesegyház () egy gótikus, de eredetileg román stílusú székesegyház Szepeshelyen, amely ma a Szepesváralja városrésze kerülete a Szepességben. Tours-i Szent Márton tiszteletére szentelték, és a Szepesi egyházmegye székesegyháza, a "Lőcse, Szepes vára és a kapcsolódó műemlékek" nevű  és az UNESCO világörökségi helyszín része.

A székesegyház először román stílusú templomként épült 1245-1273 között. Az eredmény egy hatalmas, háromhajós bazilika lett, amelynek minden hajója egyforma széles volt, de a főhajó kétszer olyan magas. Mindegyik hajó félkör alakú apszisokban végződött. A két román stílusú torony egy időben épült. Az oszlopokon gazdag román díszítés látható. A román stílusú templomból ma is látható az északi fal egy része román kori kapuval és a keleti fal diadalívvel. 1328-ban a "Corporis Christi" kápolnát építették hozzá.

A bazilika bő 200 évig szolgálta a prépostot, de a 15. században a leromlás és a hívek nagyobb beözönlése miatt szükségessé vált a javítás. 1462-ben Stock Johann prépost az alapkőletétellel kezdte az újjáépítést, de 1464-ben Budán meghalt. Gáspár Back új prépost folytatta a javítást. Gótikus kórus épült. A folyosókat a hajó szintjére emelték, csarnoktemplomot alkotva. Bár az új templomot a főoltárral már 1478-ban felszentelték, a mellékfolyosók boltozatai csak 1497-ben készültek el.

1493-99-ben a régi kápolna helyén épült fel az új Szapolyai-kápolna a szepesi Szent László-templom Szapolyai-kápolnája mintájára. Ez történt néhány évvel azután, hogy a Szapolyai-család Szepes vármegye örökös nemzetségei lettek. A kápolnát két nyitott árkád köti össze a templommal. Nagy ablakai késő gótikus áttörtekkel és hálóboltozattal rendelkeznek.

A későbbi barokk átalakításokak egy 1873-89-ben visszaállították gótikus stílusba. 1776. óta a templom a Szepesi egyházmegye székhelye.

A templom legértékesebb tárgyai közé tartozik a székesegyház északi bejárata mögött álló román stílusú oroszlánszobor (Leo albus), valamint az 1861-ben újra felfedezett, 1317-ből származó falfestmény, amely Anjou Károly Róbert magyar királlyá koronázását ábrázolja. Míg a barokk főoltárt a 19. században neogótikusra cserélték, néhány mellékoltárt eredetileg megőriztek, mint például a Háromkirályok-oltárt, a Szent Mihály-oltárt és a szentségimádási oltárt, mind a 15. század utolsó harmadából.

Fordítás

Jegyzetek

Szlovákia katolikus templomai, kolostorai
Szlovákia világörökségi helyszínei
Kulturális világörökségi helyszínek
A történelmi Magyarország gótikus vallási építményei
Szlovákia gótikus vallási építményei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Over 10 million online stores are active in the world, with more than 800,000 in Europe alone. This number is still growing, making it a great challenge for anyone who sells products and / or services online. Within the seminar workshop, the complex ecosystem of the online store will be presented, which will place the online retailer in front of other competitors. Simple online store solutions are no longer enough, especially for those who want to expand online sales to foreign markets.
professionals in the field of international business operations.
The purpose of the training is to familiarize participants with the trends of modern online store and help them understand and plan their own ecosystem of modern online store in their specific case.
As in other business areas, many changes are taking place in the field of online sales, especially in terms of connecting/integrating the online store with many other business solutions and processes. By connecting it arises a complex ecosystem, which has to be planned and coordinated from the very beginning. A more connected, multifunctional, multi-channel system is in place, more competitive it is compared to other online stores that have not yet begun to implement such solutions.
What connections and functionalities should a modern online store have and what solutions are already indicating in the future?
Are there any significant differences between an online store that should only operate in your domestic country and that should also work in other languages and for other markets?
What are the differences in the preparation of a product or service for individual online sales channels and what's important to know about this?
How to adjust business to modern digital trends and what additional skills and tools do you still need?
be able to plan or optimize your online store development strategy.
You can submit an application and up to 3 advance questions (but not legal questions) via the Registration Form or by replying to an electronic invitation, if you have received it. You can also call us during office hours. When registering, indicate for which course and date you apply (or course code), basic information about the participant and also about the organization, in the case that the payer is an organization.
free consultations can be used no later than 6 months after the end of the course. This bonus falls due wholly within this period.
mentoring your team in the process of online shop development or its renewal.


Abstract: In this paper a flexible approach to design LMS with QTI Ready component based on the e-Learning standards AICC and IMS QTI is described. This system and component permits a dynamic learning and assessment process. QTI Ready component can provide these facilities to other real world virtual learning management system.


The above is often seen as such a big deal and we have heard quite a number of people say that they can communicate on a one-on-one basis than to face quite a large number of people in whatever setting.
But it is important that every individual improve on their presentation skills regardless of your career choice. Being able to communicate effectively gives you an edge over other job seekers at a job interview, over your colleagues at work or over your competitors vying for an investment fund.
What is the essence of your product if you are unable to communicate effectively its unique selling point? What is the essence of those job skills you possess if you are unable to communicate it effectively to your potential employer(s)? Or of what use is the innovative idea that occurred to you if you are unable or too shy to confront a group of potential investors to sell your innovative ideas?
Most people often fidget because they are uncertain or perhaps certain that those they would be facing are more knowledgeable than they are and are often timid when faced with such people.
A young lady at the beginning of her marketing and sales presentation was asked for the definition of marketing by a marketing professional. She knew the answer but felt that she would not be able to give a satisfactory answer to the question asked. She therefore kept quiet admitting that she had no idea. This scenario is an example of what fear can lead to and you have to get rid of it.
Even if you are presenting to a group of experts in your field, what matters most is that you own the floor at the time and as such make yourself the authority on the subject matter at that moment.
So here are a few steps we are suggesting you take to improve your communication and presentation skills.
First of all, prepare your presentation speech. Research, read very well, know about the subject you want to discuss with your audience. Be prepared to avoid being caught off guard.
As an employee of an organisation, you should know about your company regardless of your position. Most people feel it is the job of a sales personnel which we quite disagree, every employee of an organisation should know about the company's products and services. You may be called to do a presentation to a visitor who wants to fully invest in your company.
Make sure that every employee in your organisation is able to give detailed information about your organisation off hand.
Basically, a good presentation comes with enough practice. Practice and rehearse well for your presentation to show that you are confident about what it is you are trying to send across to your audience.
Secondly, your product is you and so you should be able to sell your products to people. Be prepared. Your presentation slides should not be too wordy, it should be more of pictures, images and icons. It is often said that a picture can tell a thousand stories.
People often love stories, so you can tell a story to start off. It attracts your audience's attention.
Avoid reading from the slides!
Avoid pocketing, it sends a wrong signal that you are either arrogant or fearful. Calculate your pacing and make use of gestures. But avoid too much gestures.
Maintain eye contact. The moment you step into the room, you own the floor. You can also make compliments about your audience or make use of humour.
Do not rush your words.
Any other suggestion? Please contribute in the comment box below.


text:
The Hawaiʻi Rainbow Wāhine softball team represents the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in NCAA Division I college softball. The team participates in the Big West Conference (BWC). The Rainbow Wahine are currently led by head coach Bob Coolen. The team plays its home games at Rainbow Wahine Softball Stadium located on the university's campus.

Coaching history

Home stadium

Rainbow Wahine Softball Stadium is located on the university's campus, and is currently the home venue for the softball program.  The stadium was named the Wahine Softball Field when it first opened in 1985, but was renamed  in 1998 when renovations expanding the seating capacity to 1,200 were completed.  The stadium also underwent renovations between the 2017 and 2018 seasons, when artificial turf and additional netting were installed, as well as the entire stadium being pinted.  As of 2021, the stadium is undergoing additional renovations: a new clubhouse holding coaches' offices and a locker room for players is expected to be completed by Summer 2021.

See also
List of NCAA Division I softball programs

References

External links


text:
Aleksandr Serguéyevich Lenkov (17 de mayo de 1943 - 21 de abril de 2014) fue un actor ruso. Fue mejor conocido por ganar el Artista del Pueblo de Rusia en 1997. Nació en Rasskazovo, Óblast de Tambov, RSFSR, Unión Soviética. Lenkov murió a causa de una larga enfermedad el 21 de abril de 2014 en Moscú, a los 70 años de edad.

Filmografía
 1964 — Uninvented Story (Непридуманная история) como Felix Fonyakpv
 1964 — Spring Troubles (Весенние хлопоты) como Radik
 1964 — The Keys of Skies (Ключи от неба) — Semen Lagoda
 1965 — Give Me a Complaints Book (Дайте жалобную книгу) como Pavlik
 1966 — Royal Regatta (Королевская регата) como Lyonya
 1971 — Bat'ka (Батька) como Sashok
 1972 — We Wait You, Boy (Ждём тебя, парень) como Petka
 1973 — Break a Leg! (Ни пуха, ни пера) as Petr
 1973 — Vasili Tyorkin (Василий Тёркин, TV) como Vasili Tyorkin
 1974 — Teens in the Universe (Отроки во Вселенной) como Executor Robot
 1974 — Unforgotten Song (Незабытая песня) como Kurchonok
 1974—2013 — Yeralash (Ералаш, TV show) — diferentes personajes
 1975 — '29 Spring (Весна двадцать девятого) como Maksim
 1975 — Circus in the Circus como Alyosha
 1976 — Secret, For All The World Only (По секрету всему свету) — El papá de Deniska
 1976 — Mark Twain Stories (Рассказы Марка Твена) como reporter
 1976 — Soldier And Mother (Солдат и мать) como Soldier
 1977 — Vacation, Which Did Not Take Place (Отпуск, который не состоялся) como Andrey Ukhtomski
 1978 — Schedule For After Tomorrow (Расписание на послезавтра) como Igor Nikolaevich
 1979 — Spring Olympic Games, Or Chorus Chief (Весенняя Олимпиада, или Начальник хора) como Ryzhkin
 1980 — And Endless Battle... From Te Alexander Blok Life (И вечный бой... Из жизни Александра Блока)
 1980 — Extraordinary Circumstances (Чрезвычайные обстоятельства) como Sasha Kulagin
 1981 — Ugly Elsa (Безобразная Эльза, TV) como Пертти Орас, скульптор
 1982 — Take Him Alive (Взять живым) como Ptitsyn
 1982 — Whose You Are, Old Stuff? (Вы чьё, старичьё?) como Valerian
 1983 — Black Nagic And White Magic (Магия чёрная и белая) como Valentin Dmitrievich
 1983 — Adventures of Petrov and Vasechkin, Both Ordinary and Unbelieveable (Приключения Петрова и Васечкина, обыкновенные и невероятные) como Strange Yardman
 1984 — Makar The Pathfinder (Макар-следопыт) como Тимофей
 1985 — Winter Cherries (Зимняя вишня) como Veniamin
 1986 — Snow Queen Mistery (Тайна Снежной Королевы) como Снеговик
 1987 — Misterious Inheritor (Загадочный наследник) como Gryaznov
 1988 — Little Vera (Маленькая Вера) como Mikhail Petrovich
 1988 — Rusty General Island (Остров Ржавого генерала) como Robot Baba Yaga
 1989 — There Are Dark Nights In The Sochi City (В городе Сочи тёмные ночи) como Lena's father
 1989 — The Village of Stepanchikovo And Its Inhabitants (Село Степанчиково и его обитатели) como Yezhevikin
 1989 — Cowberries In The Forest (Во бору брусника) como Kirill
 1990 — Sanit Zone (Сэнит зон) — Zykin
 1991 — Talking Monkey (Говорящая обезьяна) como Maryin
 1991 — Funeral On Second Floor (Похороны на втором этаже) como Картавый
 1991 — Devil Incarnate (Исчадье ада) como Heinrich
 1992 — Good Night (Доброй ночи) como Slavik
 1992 — Spiderweb (Паутина) como Grisha
 1992 — Tractor Drivers 2 (Трактористы 2) como Muscovite
 1993 — No Tricks, Please! (Давайте без фокусов!) como Customer
 1993 — Love Desire (Желание любви) como Guest
 1993 — Silence Code (Кодекс Молчания 2) como Makarov
 1993 — Idiot's Dreams (Мечты идиота) como Croupier
 1993 — About Foma The Businessman (Про бизнесмена Фому) como Comrade Basurmanov
 1994 — Winter Cherries 3 (Зимняя вишня 3) como Veniamin
 1995 — Tram In Moscow (Трамвай в Москве) como tram technician
 1995 — On the Corner, Near by Patriarch Ponds 2 (На углу, у Патриарших-2, serie de TV) como Arkady
 1996 — Agape (Агапе) — Pasha
 1996 — Return of Battleship (Возвращение броненосца) — episode
 1996 — Pages of Theater Parody (Страницы театральной пародии) — Pierre d'Aurebour
 1996 — Strawberries (Клубничка, serie de TV) como Belyanchikov
 1998 — Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy (Князь Юрий Долгорукий) como Poacher
 1998 — El barbero de Siberia (Сибирский цирюльник) como Scientist
 1999 — Directory of Death (Директория смерти) como Astrologist
 2000 — Turetski March (Марш Турецкого) como Spirin
 2001 — Drakosha and Co. (Дракоша и компания) como Konovalov
 2002 — Ha! (Ха!, serie de TV)
 2002 — Provincialists (Провинциалы, serie de TV) como Director
 2002 — Brigada (Бригада, serie de TV series)
 2002 — Bad Habit (Дурная привычка) como Surgeon
 2002 — Alexander Pushkin (Александр Пушкин)
 2003 — Dark Horse (Тёмная лошадка) como Adam Borisovich
 2003 — Siberia Girl (Сибирочка)
 2003 — There is an Idea (Есть идея)
 2004 — That Queen of Spade (Эта пиковая дама, TV) como Marek
 2004 — Reflections (Отражения)
 2004 — Thieves and Prostitutes. Space Flight Is the Prize (Воры и проститутки. Приз — полёт в космос)
 2004 — Hello, Dweeb! (Hello, Дохлый!)
 2005 — The Check Kiss (Контрольный поцелуй)
 2005 — War Man (Человек войны) como Urban
 2006 — What Woman Wants (Чего хочет женщина)
 2006 — The Pursuit of the Angel (Погоня за ангелом) como Homeless
 2006 — Paparazza (Папараца) como Aleksey Alekseevich
 2006 — Dad The Handyman (Папа На Все Руки, serie de TV) como Neighboor
 2006 — Big Girls (Большие девочки) como Isaac Newton or Saveliy Piskunov
 2006 — Happiness Rails (Рельсы счастья, serie de TV) como anciano
 2008 — Yermolovs (Ермоловы, serie de TV ) como Guardia del Castillo
 2009 — The Book of Masters (Книга мастеров) como senior gem-cutter
 2009 — Bullet is Fool 2 (Пуля-дура 2. Агент почти не виден) como Pavel Nikitich
 2010 — Toys (Игрушки, serie de TV) como Leopold Dormidontov
 2010 — Samovarov, Detective (Сыщик Самоваров, serie de TV) como Yefim Moiseyevich
 2010 — Flowers From Liza (Цветы от Лизы) como Khariton
 2011 — Caramel (Карамель, serie de TV) como Lev Radkovich
 2012 — Interns (Интерны, serie de serie de TV) como Natan Kupitman
 2012 — Da Girlz (Деффчонки, serie de TV) como Viktor Borisovich
 2013 — Teacher In Law (Учитель в законе, serie de TV) como Grey-haired

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actores de cine de Rusia
Actores de teatro de Rusia
Actores de televisión de Rusia
Fallecidos en Moscú


While insurance coverage is not something business owners love to talk about, having the proper coverage is essential. Commercial insurance packages include plans such as property, general liability, and other optional policies bundled together under one plan to suit each of your business needs.
Without coverage, you could be responsible for medical expenses, legal fees and more. When looking for the right commercial insurance policy, here are some tips to help you.
The internet makes it all too easy to go online, click a few buttons, and purchase an insurance policy. The problem is, the computer program that is building your policy, be it home, auto, or commercial doesn't take your unique situation into consideration. Additionally, you may be tempted to click on the cheapest option on each screen, unaware of the vulnerabilities you could be creating to your personal assets by under-insuring your business. Commercial insurance claims can be massive, taking the time to find a reputable independent insurance agent and go over your situation could lead to massive savings if something does happen.
A common mistake people make when comparing insurance policies is focusing solely upon the price of the policy. Even worse, some agents will offer plans with minimum coverage in order to offer you the lowest price. When you are in the market for commercial insurance, be sure to do a line by line comparison of the costs and coverage so that you are "comparing apples to apples". You should also make sure that all of the policies offer enough coverage to protect you on your worst day. Hopefully it never comes but if it does, the little bit extra you paid monthly for the right policy will more than pay for itself.
A good insurance agent should take the time to gather important information about your business to ensure you are getting the coverage you need. While there many "bundle" options that may be a great fit for your business, understanding your risks, needs, and history is the best way to be certain. Our Marion office would be happy to help you find the right coverage for your business when you are in the market.
Commercial insurance premium is usually calculated based on the risk levels. For instance, as compared to web-based businesses, retail store businesses normally have a higher risk level. If possible it's important to make changes to your business to make it less risky. Inquire about your level of risk with your agent and ask what changes you can make to lower your risk level. This will get you a great policy and save you money.
This is perhaps the most important tip. As a client, you need to take your time and compare your options. Just like car insurance, premiums usually vary from one company to another. You, therefore, need to compare premiums, customization options, and coverage levels to choose the right one for your commercial needs.
As a business owner, you know that you need business insurance. Reach out to a professional to find the policy that your business needs. You just may find that your agent can not only help you lower your premium, but lower the risk to your business.


text:
Ahmed Hasan Ali Al-Gubbanchi is an Iraqi intellectual, born in Najaf in 1958, who focuses on developing a "Civil Islam" which is consistent with human rights, justice and modern circumstances, addressing the problems of traditional Islamic thought as he thinks that the literal interpretation of Quran leads to the incapability of Islam to get use of modern development and achievements, which leads, in turn, to the end of Islam, he sees every Islamic thought as a mere opinion on Islam and that the Islamic scripture had to comply with the historic situations of the ancient society of the prophet Mohammed, therefore it can not be considered literally, he considers Sharia alterable depending on the society, time and place, one of the evidence to support that is the Quran verses themselves whose orders have been changed at the time of the prophet which is called Naskh. He also translated many books of Abdolkarim Soroush into Arabic.

Thoughts

Ahmed Al-Gubbanchi sees worshiping as a means not an end itself, and that if it will not improve the morality of the human being, it is useless, noting in an interview with Al-Baghdadia Channel that most of the terrorists of today are religious and good worshipers, he sees that the traditional Islamic thought unable to find a solution for many problematic issues, for instance, it is unable to address clearly the relation between the situation and time of the early Islamic society of the prophet Muhammad and the scripture, therefore still considering many regressive issues as part of Islamic Sharia, like, Apostasy, Stoning, Inequality for women, discrimination against non-Muslims in the Islamic society. The way to get rid of these practices is, according to him, in addition to criticism of Hadith as he has done in his book (Rectification of the Hadith of Shia), also to rethink the whole concept of inspiration, he comes up with the belief that the words of Quran is not the literal word of God, rather the meanings is from God, while the knowledge and the phrasing of Quran is from the prophet himself intended to suit with the conditions of his time, which is why, he allowed seven ways of reading the Quran, he also believes that Muslims need not to consider the verses of Quran literally today when they conflict with the "Practical reason", just as Mu'tazila did formerly with the verses which conflict with the "Theoretical reason".

Books

He has written many books (in Arabic) and translated many others into Arabic including:

Authored:

 Civil Islam
 Islam the religion
 Prophecy and the problem of divine inspiration
 Rectification of the Hadith of Shia
 The divine justice and freedom of the human
 The woman, the concepts and rights
 Theories in Psychology

Translated for Abdolkarim Soroush

 The Secular Religion
 The reason and freedom
 Politics and Religiousness

References
(In Arabic)

1958 births
Living people
20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Iraqi scholars
Iraqi writers
Muslim reformers
Iraqi Shia Muslims
Iraqi secularists
Critics of Islamism


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text:
Back to browse13 related documents
TR 92/14W
Income tax: taxation privileges and immunities of prescribed International Organisations and their staff
Taxation Ruling TR 92/14 is withdrawn with effect from today.
1. TR 92/14 describes the operation of privileges and immunities relating to taxation that apply to international organisations and persons working for these organisations, including when a person would be considered to hold an office for the purposes of the Regulations made under the International Organisations (Privileges and Immunities) Act 1963. Salary and emoluments received by persons holding an office from international organisations may be exempt from income tax under those Regulations.
2. The Commissioner's views expressed in TR 92/14 continue to apply and are now incorporated into draft Taxation Ruling TR 2019/D1 Income tax: income of international organisations and persons connected with them that is exempt from income tax, which issued today.
3. TR 92/14 is therefore withdrawn.
NO 1-CXW6RE8
Australian source income
exemption with progression
high officials
holders of an office
International Organisations (Privileges and Immunities) Act 1963
Case M90
TR 92/14W history
5 November 1992 Original ruling
20 January 1999 Consolidated ruling Addendum
You are here 27 March 2019 Withdrawn


text:
\section{Introduction}
Quantum simulation has become a research frontier and an indispensable tool in quantum information science\cite{M,Hur,Noh},  it's remarkable development in experiment realization has led to incredible advances in the field of quantum optics and atomic physics\cite{Michael, Birnbaum,Mabuchi,Raimond,Aoki,Srinivasan}. Among the recent developments, the system of coupled cavity arrays embedded with cold atoms has been intensively investigated as a platform to realize and simulate quantum many body phenomena because of its extremely high tunability, individual addressability and flexibility in its geometric design\cite{Toyoda,Underwood,Hartmann,Greentree,Angelakis}. A wide range of condensed matter system have been theoretically investigated and  many proposals for probing them have been proposed including the quantum phase transition\cite{Koch,Brandao}, spin glasses\cite{Strack,Li}, photon crystals\cite{Jin}, the emergence of gauge fields\cite{Umucal1lar}, the quantum Hall effects\cite{Carusotto}, the pfaffian-like topological state\cite{Andrew} and the supersolid \cite{Bujnowski,Guo}.

The simplest physical model of light-matter coupling in a coupled cavity array system is the Jaynes-Cummings Hubbard model, which presents an array of optical cavities that each contain a single two-level atom(TLA) in the photon-blockade regime\cite{Greentree,Angelakis}. A modified Jaynes-Cummings Hubbard model based on each cavity embedded a three-level atom has been proposed recently; this model circumvents the drawbacks of the excited-state spontaneous emission and provides a tunable extension of two-polariton bound states of the standard Jaynes-Cummings Hubbard \cite{Maggitti,Minar}. As the number of atoms in each cavity increases, the collective effects due to atomic interactions among themselves give rise to intriguing many-body phenomena. In quantum optics the Dicke model is a paradigm of collective behavior\cite{Dicke} that describes the interaction of ensembles of TLAs that are collectively coupled to the single mode of radiation of a cavity\cite{Badshah}. Numerous investigations of interesting physical effects and their experiment realization\cite{Chitra}, such as the super-radiation phase\cite{Mlynek,Hepp,Baumann}, the superradiant Mott Insulator\cite{Klinder} and the dynamical phase transition\cite{Kebler}, are discussed. Thus, a Dicke-Bose-Hubbard (DBH) model that includes more than one identical coupled cavities and  $N$ identical TLAs in each cavity has been conducted to study the quantum phase transitions of light without considering the counter-rotating terms\cite{Lei}. The transfer of excitations under a large range of operative conditions is also demonstrated and explored by tuning the controlling parameters in the DBH model\cite{Badshah}. Both the emergence of a polaritonic glassy phase\cite{Rossini} and the quantum phase transitions from the superfluid to the Bose-glass and the Mott-insulator states\cite{Na} have also been studied. Most recently, the localization-delocalization quantum phase transition of photons of the DBH model including counter-rotating terms has been presented\cite{Lu}. The model shows that under the influence of the counter-rotating terms, the Mott lobes are fully suppressed.

As is well known, a realistic quantum optical system can rarely be isolated from its surrounding completely, particularly in an experiment; rather it is usually coupled to its external environment with an infinite number of degrees of freedom. To date, an investigation of quantum phase transition of photons in an dissipative DBH model is still lacking. To treat the interplay between the coupled cavity arrays and its environment in a more general setting, we developed a quasi-bosonic approach to describe the quantum phase transition and photon transport in an open quantum optical systems \cite{Liu,Tan}. Without the requirement of considering the finite environment's degrees of freedom, the quasibosonic method is a great concept, that has a computational advantage. In the present paper, we use the quasibosonic approach to obtain an effective Hamiltonian of the dissipative DBH model. The coordinates of a bath can be eliminated and the system can be considered an ensemble of quasi-bosons in less time than its decay rate. Next, the eigenenergies and the superfluid order parameter of the system are also derived analytically for two TLAs on resonance, and we numerically demonstrate the phase diagram of an arbitrary number of TLAs. The theoretical analysis presented here will be an essential reference for future experiments to explore the quantum effects for multi-atom system.

The paper is organized as follows. In section \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral2}, the dissipative DBH model is introduced based on the quasibosonic approach. Section \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral3} is devoted to deriving the eigenvalues and eigenstates for two atoms in each cavity. The analytical solutions of the superfluid order parameter for dressed states are given, and the properties of quantum phase transition are discussed in section \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral4}. The extension to
an arbitrary number of TLAs is also given in this section. Section \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral5} gives the conclusion.

\section{The dissipative Dicke-Bose-Hubbard model}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=6cm,height=6cm]{figure1a.eps}
\includegraphics[width=6cm,height=6cm]{figure1b.eps}
\caption{(Color online) (a) A schematic of a two-dimensional coupled cavity array set up. Each cavity contains $N$ identical two-level atoms which couple resonantly to the cavity field. The yellow solid lines represent the interaction with the environment. Red wavy arrows indicate the cavity $(\gamma_c)$ and atom decay $(\gamma_a)$. (b) Energy level diagram of the cavity-atom system on $n$th site. The system is on resonance, i.e., $\tilde{\omega}_{c}=\tilde{\omega}_{a}=\tilde{\omega}$. The on-site repulsion $U_{n}$ can be defined as $U_{n}=E_{|-,n+1\rangle}-E_{|-,n\rangle}-\omega$, which impedes the absorption for the next photon.}
\end{figure}
The system considered is depicted in Fig. $1$. The Hamiltonian of the DBH model considering the coupling to its environment is give by (with $\hbar=1$)\cite{Lei}
\begin{eqnarray}
H&=&\sum_{i}H^{DM}_{i}-\kappa\sum_{ij}a^{\dag}_{i}a_{j}-\mu\sum_{i}N_{i}+H_{R}\nonumber\\
H^{DM}_{i}&=&\omega_{a}J^{+}_{i}J^{-}_{i}+\omega_{c}a^{\dag}_{i}a_{i}+\beta(a_{i}J^{+}_{i}+a^{\dag}_{i}J^{-}_{i})\nonumber\\
H_{R}&=&\sum_{i}\sum_{\omega_{k}}\omega_{k}r_{k}^{\dag}r_{k}+H_{CR}+H_{AR} \\
H_{CR}&=&\sum_{i}\sum_{\omega_{k}}[\eta_{c}(\omega_{k}) r_{k}^{\dag}a+h.c] \nonumber\\
H_{AR}&=&\sum_{i}\sum_{\omega_{k}}[\eta_{a}(\omega_{k}) r_{k}^{\dag}J^{-}+h.c] \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where the indices $i$ and $j$ are individual cavities range over all sites. $a^{\dag}_{i}$ and $a_{i}$ are the photon creation and annihilation operators, respectively. $J^{\pm}_{i}=\sum_{j}\delta^{\pm}_{j}$ are the atomic collective raising and lowering angular momentum operators and the total number of excitations is $N_{i}=a^{\dag}_{i}a_{i}+J^{+}_{i}J^{-}_{i}$. The transition energy of TLA is $\omega_{a}$ and $\omega_{c}$ is the frequency of the cavity field. All the atoms couple to cavities with the same coupling $\beta$\cite{Buzek}. We assume that the hopping energy of photons $\kappa_{ij}=\kappa$ between sites $i$ and $j$ and the chemical potential in the grand canonical ensemble $\mu_{i}=\mu$ are the same for all cavities. The coupling Hamiltonian of the system with the environment and the Hamiltonian of the environment are described as $H_{R}$. $\omega_{k}$ is a model of bath, and $r_{k}^{\dag}(r_{k})$ is the creation and annihilation operators of environment in the $k$th model. $H_{CR}$ is the interaction of cavity with environment. The interaction of the atoms with the environment is denoted as $H_{AR}$.

Considering the influence of the environment, the decoherence of every cavity and the two-level atom would result in the incoherent or dissipative propagation of the incident photon, thus  nonequilibrium dynamics for the open quantum many-body system will arise.
In general, simulations of nonequilibrium many-body effects for a finite freedom of the system can be performed using the master equation and the mean-field decoupling approximation\cite{Nissen,J,Gerace,Aron}. However it is a formidable task to solve a fairly large parameter space because of the infinite freedom of the environment. To address this problem, our group proposed a quasibosonic approach to eliminated the infinite freedom of the environment, in which the operators of the environment can be treated as a c-number and then the dissipative system can be solved easily\cite{Liu,Tan}. One can obtain an effective Hamiltonian for the system based on the quasibosonic approach.
\begin{eqnarray}
H &=& \sum_{i}H^{DM}_{i}-\kappa\sum_{ij}\tilde{a}^{\dag}_{i}\tilde{a}_{j}-\mu\sum_{i}\tilde{N_{i}}\nonumber\\
H^{DM}_{i}&=&\tilde{\omega}_{a}\tilde{J}^{+}_{i}\tilde{J}^{-}_{i}+\tilde{\omega}_{c}\tilde{a}^{\dag}_{i}\tilde{a}_{i}+\beta(\tilde{a}_{i}\tilde{J}^{+}_{i}+\tilde{a}^{\dag}_{i}\tilde{J}^{-}_{i})
\end{eqnarray}
where $\tilde{\omega}_{a}=\omega_{a}-i\gamma_{a}$, $\tilde{\omega}_{c}=\omega_{c}-i\gamma_{c}$. $\gamma_{a}$ and $\gamma_{c}$ are decay rates of atoms and cavities, respectively. $\tilde{a}_{i}^{\dag}$($\tilde{a}_{i}$) is a quasiboson creation(annihilation) operator. $\tilde{J}^{+}_{i}$($\tilde{J}^{-}_{i}$) is the dressed atomics raising(lowering) angular momentum operator. The dissipation becomes an inherent property for the DBH model considered here.

A superfluid order parameter $\psi$, with the mean field assumption $\psi\equiv\langle \tilde{a}_{i}\rangle$, is usually introduced to gain insight into the role of dissipation in the quantum phase transition. For $\psi\neq0$, the system is in superfluid phase. When $\psi=0$, the system is in the Mott-insulator phase. In the present case, the expected value of $\tilde{a}_{i}$ is in general complex with the formation $\langle \tilde{a}_{i}\rangle=\psi-i\psi_{\gamma}$. $\psi_{\gamma}$ is a solvable small quantity
as a function of decay rates of the system, and vanishes in the limit of ideal cases. Using the decoupling approximation $\tilde{a}^{\dag}_{i}\tilde{a}_{j}=\langle\tilde{a}^{\dag}_{i}\rangle\tilde{a}_{j}+\langle\tilde{a}_{j}\rangle\tilde{a}^{\dag}_{i}-\langle\tilde{a}^{\dag}_{i}\rangle\langle\tilde{a}_{j}\rangle$. The mean-field Hamiltonian of Eq.(2.2) can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}
H^{MF} &=&\sum_{i}H_{i}^{MF}  \\
H^{MF}_{i} &=& H_{i}^{DM}-\kappa\psi(\tilde{a}^{\dag}_{i}+\tilde{a}_{i})+\kappa|\psi|^{2}-\mu\sum_{i}\tilde{N_{i}}\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
This mean-field Hamiltonian is assumed to be the same for every site.

\section{Eigenvalues and eigenstates of the dissipative Dicke-Bose-Hubbard model}
In the following, the case of two TLAs in each cavity is investigated as an example to provide a detailed illustration. The extension for an arbitrary number of two-level atoms is given in \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral4}, which can be easily calculated by using the
same approach. The bare states of system are $|0,e^{\otimes2}\rangle|n-2\rangle$, $|g,e\rangle|n-1\rangle$, and $|g^{\otimes2},0\rangle|n\rangle$ with photon number $n$ running from $0$, $1$, $2$, $3$ to $\infty$\cite{Lei}. For two TLAs system, the case in which two atoms are in the excited state can be denoted as $|0,e^{\otimes2}\rangle$, only one atom in the excited state is denoted by $|g,e\rangle$, and $|g^{\otimes2},0\rangle$ is for the case that the two atoms are in the ground state. Here the total of $3n$ bare state bases form a group for the whole Hilbert space. Based on these states, the matrix elements for $H^{MF}_{n}$ can be obtained.
 \begin{widetext}
 \begin{eqnarray}
H^{MF}_{n} = \left|
\begin{array}{ccc}
2\tilde{\omega}_{a}+(n-2)\tilde{\omega}_{c}-n\mu  &   \sqrt{2(n-1)\beta}  &   0\\
\sqrt{2(n-1)\beta} &  2\tilde{\omega}_{a}+(n-1)\tilde{\omega}_{c}-(n+1)\mu  &  \sqrt{2n\beta}\\
0  &   \sqrt{2n\beta}   &   n\tilde{\omega}_{c}-n\mu  \\
\end{array}
\right|+\kappa|\psi|^{2}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}
with $\tilde{\omega}_{c}=\tilde{\omega}_{a}=\tilde{\omega}(\tilde{\omega}=\omega-i\gamma)$, $\gamma=\gamma_{a}+\gamma_{c}$. The eigenvalues can be obtained by diagonalizing the matrix in Eq.$(3.1)$, and the corresponding eigenstates can be found.
\begin{eqnarray}
E^{(0)}_{|0,n\rangle}=n\tilde{\omega}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
 E^{(0)}_{|\pm,n\rangle}&=&\frac{(2n+1)\tilde{\omega}\pm\beta R(n,\frac{\tilde{\omega}}{\beta})}{2}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
|0,n\rangle=\frac{-\sqrt{n-1}|0,e^{\otimes2}\rangle|n-2\rangle+\sqrt{n}|g^{\otimes2},0\rangle|n\rangle}{\sqrt{2n-1}}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
|\pm,n\rangle&=&\frac{\sqrt{n}|0,e^{\otimes2}\rangle|n-2\rangle+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}[\frac{\tilde{\omega}}{\beta}\pm R(n,\frac{\tilde{\omega}}{\beta})]|g,e\rangle|n-1\rangle+\sqrt{n-1}|g^{\otimes2},0\rangle|n\rangle}{\sqrt{2n-1+\{\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}[\frac{\tilde{\omega}}{\beta}\pm R(n,\frac{\tilde{\omega}}{\beta})]\}^{2}}}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}
Here $R(n,\frac{\tilde{\omega}}{\beta})=\sqrt{8(2n-1)+(\frac{\tilde{\omega}}{\beta})^{2}}$ is the effective Rabi frequency. The energy levels split into three branches corresponding to the upper branch $E^{(0)}_{|+,n\rangle}$, center branch $E^{(0)}_{|0,n\rangle}$ and the lower branch $E^{(0)}_{|-,n\rangle}$ as shown in Fig. $1(b)$.
\section{ the quantum phase transition}
In this section, we use the perturbation theory to obtain the superfluid order parameter and study the quantum phase transition by changing the controlling parameters. We have assumed that cavities are coupled weakly to each other, thus, the interaction term between cavities can be considered as a perturbation term when the two-level atoms system is coupled strongly to the cavity field. The effective Hamiltonian Eq.$(2.3)$ thus reads
\begin{eqnarray}
H^{MF}_{i}&=&H^{DM}_{i}+H^{\prime}_{i}\nonumber\\
H^{\prime}_{i}&=&-\kappa\psi(\tilde{a}^{\dag}_{i}+\tilde{a}_{i})+\chi|\psi|^{2}-\mu \tilde{N_{i}}
\end{eqnarray}
which is valid on each site, we therefore drop the subscript $i$ in the following.
Considering the analogy of transition from the Mott-insulator to superfluid state between the Jaynes-Cummings model and the Bose-Hubbard model and the fact that the analytical results obtained by the second and fourth-order perturbations are in good agreement with the exact diagonalization numerical calculation\cite{Oosten}, we derive the analytically solution of the system in terms of the second-order perturbation for simplicity.  Eq.$(3.2)$ and Fig. $1(b)$ show that a center energy level $E_{|0,n\rangle}$ is required to perform the translation, thus, the on-site repulsion $U$ based on the center branch state $|0,n\rangle$ is independent of the atom-cavity coupling $\beta$,  which is different from one defined by the state $|\pm,n\rangle$. To study the quantum phase transition in detail, the superfluid order parameter must calculated separately for different cases.

\emph{Preparing in the center branch of the dressed state}: According to the definition of the superfluid order parameter $\psi=\langle\Phi_{n}(t)|\tilde{a}_{i}|\Phi_{n}(t)\rangle$, $|\Phi_{n}(t)\rangle$ can be obtained based on the second-order perturbation theory. We first obtain the second-order corrections of energy eigenvalues $E^{(2)}_{|0,n\rangle}$ and (normalized) eigenstates $\tilde{\phi}^{(2)}_{|0,n\rangle}$ with respect to the dressed basis Eq.$(3.4)$.
\begin{eqnarray}
E^{(2)}_{|0,n\rangle}=\frac{(n-1)(2n-2)^{2}\kappa^{2}\psi^{2}}{(2n-1)(2n-3)(\epsilon-i\gamma)}\nonumber \\ +\frac{4n^{3}\kappa^{2}\psi^{2}}{(2n-1)(2n+1)(-\epsilon+i\gamma)} \end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde{\phi}^{(2)}_{|0,n\rangle}=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}(2n-2)(-\kappa\psi)}{\sqrt{(2n-1)(2n-3)}(\epsilon-i\gamma)}|n-1\rangle\nonumber \\+\frac{2n\sqrt{n}(-\kappa\psi)}{\sqrt{(2n-1)(2n+1)}(\epsilon-i\gamma)}|n+1\rangle
\end{eqnarray}
where $\epsilon=\omega-\mu$. Therefore, the eigenvalue of the dissipative system based on the second-order perturbation theory is
\begin{eqnarray}
E_{|0,n\rangle}\equiv E_{s}+iE_{\gamma}
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
E_{s}&=&n\epsilon+\kappa|\psi|^{2}+\frac{(-8n^{3}+12n^{2}+4n-4)\kappa^{2}\psi^{2}\epsilon}{(2n-1)(2n-3)(2n+1)(\epsilon^{2}+\gamma^{2})} \nonumber\\
E_{\gamma}&=&n\gamma+\frac{(-8n^{3}+12n^{2}+4n-4)i\kappa^{2}\psi^{2}\gamma}{(2n-1)(2n-3)(2n+1)(\epsilon^{2}+\gamma^{2})} \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
When the system is in the Mott-insulator state, $\psi=0$, we have $E_{\gamma}= n\gamma$. When $\psi\neq 0$, one can take $E_{\gamma}\approx n\gamma$ because we assume that the coupling strength $\kappa$ between cavities is weak.  Up to second order, the expression for the (normalized) eigenstates is
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi_{|0,n\rangle}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\tilde{N}}}\tilde{\phi}_{|0,n\rangle}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde{\phi}_{|0,n\rangle}=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}(2n-2)(-\kappa\psi)}{\sqrt{(2n-1)(2n-3)}(\epsilon-i\gamma)}|n-1\rangle+|n\rangle\nonumber
 \\+\frac{2n\sqrt{n}(-\kappa\psi)}{\sqrt{(2n-1)(2n+1)}(\epsilon-i\gamma)}|n+1\rangle \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde{N}=1+\frac{(n-1)(2n-2)^{2}\kappa^{2}\psi^{2}}{(2n-1)(2n-3)(\epsilon^{2}+\gamma^{2})}\nonumber \\+\frac{4n^{3}\kappa^{2}\psi^{2}}{(2n-1)(2n+1)(\epsilon^{2}+\gamma^{2})}\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
$\tilde{N}$ is the normalized constant. For the open system considered here, the superfluid order parameter $\psi$ is time-dependent. According to Eq.$(4.5)$, the (normalized) eigenstates is a function of the time, however, its time derivative can be ignored because of the second-order correction. Thus, the approximative time-dependent wave function of the system can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Phi_{n}(t)=f(t)\phi_{|0,n\rangle}\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Using the Schr\"{o}dinger equation, one can find
\begin{eqnarray}
\Phi_{n}(t)=\phi_{|0,n\rangle}e^{-iE_{|0,n\rangle}t}
\end{eqnarray}
Therefore, the superfluid order parameter $\psi$ for the state $|0,n\rangle$ can be obtained
\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi_1=e^{-n\gamma t}\sqrt{\frac{(8n^{3}-12n^{2}-4n+4)\epsilon}{(16n^{4}-32n^{3}+12n^{2}+4n-4)\kappa}-\frac{(2n-1)(2n+1)(2n-3)(\epsilon^{2}+\gamma^{2})}{(16n^{4}-32n^{3}+12n^{2}+4n-4)\kappa^{2}e^{-2n\gamma t}}}\label{one}
\end{eqnarray}\\
\end{widetext}
Eq. $(4.7)$ shows that $\psi_{1}$ is a function of the parameters $\kappa$, $\gamma$, $t$ and $\mu$ (In present case, $\mu$ is a constant). The superfluid order parameter evolves and decays with time with a decay rate proportional to the number of photons $n$.

\emph{Preparing in the negative branch of the dressed state}: Assume that each site is prepared in the
negative branch of the dressed state $|-,n\rangle$. We can find the second-order deviations using a similar procedure, although the calculations become quite tedious when using our current formulation. The superfluid order parameter $\psi_{2}$ can be obtained by solving the following equation.
\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi_2=Re\{\frac{e^{-2\gamma nt}}{\tilde{N^{'}}}[\frac{2[2\sqrt{n(n-1)(n-2)}+\frac{\sqrt{n-1}}{8}(\frac{\omega+i\gamma}{\beta}-R_{n-1}^{\dag})(\frac{\omega-i\gamma}{\beta}-R_{n})]^{2}(-\kappa\psi_{2})}
{[2\epsilon+2i\gamma-\beta(R^{\dag}_{n}-R_{n-1}^{\dag})][2n-1+\frac{1}{8}(\frac{\omega-i\gamma}{\beta}-R_{n-1})^{2}][2n-3+\frac{1}{8}(\frac{\omega+i\gamma}{\beta}-R^{\dag}_{n-1})^{2}]}+\\ \nonumber
\frac{2[2\sqrt{n(n-1)(n+1)}+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{8}(\frac{\omega+i\gamma}{\beta}-R_{n}^{\dag})(\frac{\omega-i\gamma}{\beta}-R_{n+1})]^{2}(-\kappa\psi_{2})}
{[-2\epsilon+2i\gamma-\beta(R_{n}-R_{n+1})][2n-1+\frac{1}{8}(\frac{\omega+i\gamma}{\beta}-R^{\dag}_{n})^{2}][2n+1+\frac{1}{8}(\frac{\omega-i\gamma}{\beta}-R_{n+1})^{2}]}]\}\label{two}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}
$\tilde{N^{'}}$ (Appendix) is the normalized constant. In what follows, we use Eqs. $(4.7)$ and $(4.8)$  to numerically investigate the features of quantum phase transition arising from the competition between the on-site repulsion $U_{n}$ and the hopping rate under the influences of the environment.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{figure2a.eps}
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{figure2b.eps}
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{figure2c.eps}
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{figure2d.eps}
\caption{(Color online) The decrease of the superfluidity on each site for a initial superfluid state. (a) and (b) are for the state $|0,n\rangle$, but (c) and (d) are for the state $|-,n\rangle$. The resonance frequency $\omega=10$, $\epsilon=0.7836$. The superfluid order parameter decays continuously and beyond $t_{c}$ the system behaves as a Mott-insulator-like states. In (a) and (c), the parameters are $n=3$,  $(\gamma/\beta,\kappa/\beta)=(0,1)$(Green), $(0.02,1)$(Red), $(0.05,1)$(Dashed red), and $(0.02,1.2)$ (Blue). In (b) and (d) $\gamma/\beta=0.02$, $\kappa/\beta=1.2$, with different $n$: $n=3$ (Green), $n=9$ (Blue) and $n=12$ (Red).  The long-range order decays rapidly when $n$ increases.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{figure3a.eps}
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{figure3b.eps}
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{figure3c.eps}
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{figure3d.eps}
\caption{(Color online) The restoring of long-range coherence from the Mott-insulator state. (a) and (b) are for the state $|0,n\rangle$, (c) and (d) are for the state $|-,n\rangle$. The system can reach a superfluid phase with  continuously increasing the intercavity coupled rate $\kappa$. In (a) and (c), the parameters are $n=3$,  $(\gamma/\beta,t)=(0,0)$(Dashed), $(0.05,0)$(Red), $(0.05,0.3)$(Blue), and $(0.05,0.5)$ (Green). In (b) and (d) $\gamma/\beta=0.05$, $t=0.3$, with different $n$: $n=3$ (Green), $n=9$ (Blue) and $n=12$ (Red). With an increase of $n$, a larger value of the intercavity hopping is needed.}
\end{figure}

\emph{Analyses}. As illustrated in Fig. $2$. First, we start with a superfluid phase. The time evolution of the superfluid order parameter $\psi$ for different hopping rates $\kappa$ and decay rates $\gamma$ are shown. Comparing Figs. $2a(b)$ with $2c(d)$, a clear quantum phase transition is found for different initial states. The ideal cases are also given in Fig. $2$ for comparison, which shows that the system is still in the coherent state that was prepared initially.  The evolution of the dissipative system clearly reflects the expected decay of the coherence, which is the most obvious characteristic different from ideal cases. For a small $t$, although $\psi$ decreases slightly, the system remains in a superfluid state. At a sufficiently large $t$, the effects of the environment become large, and the coherence of the system is initially destroyed in a pronounced manner and is then gradually reduced. Thus, $\psi$ decays rapidly and the system undergoes a phase transition into a Mott-insulating phase. With the increase of the photon number $n$, the long-range order parameter will decrease rapidly, as shown in Fig. $3(b)$ and $(d)$, because of the decay time is  proportional to $n$.  The critical point $t_c$ is a function of controlling parameters and can be found by setting $\psi=0$ in Eqs. $(4.7)$ and $(4.8)$, which yields $t_{c}=\frac{1}{2n\gamma}\ln\frac{(4n^{2}-4n-4)\kappa}{(2n+1)(2n-3)\epsilon}$. It follows that, for certain cavity decay rates $\kappa$, one may change the other controlling parameters according to $t_c$ to enable the dissipative system to maintain coherence for a relatively long time.  Obviously, when the
external environment is considered, the decoherence
of every resonator and the TLAs would result in the decay of the superfluid order parameter. In the experiment, dynamical decoupling\cite{Bylander} and feedback control\cite{Xue} have been proposed to hamper the decay of the cavity field and TLAs and thus improved the coherence time.
\begin{widetext}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=9cm,height=9.5cm]{figure4.eps}
\caption{(Color online) The superfluid order parameters as a function of the relative chemical potential and the hopping rates for arbitrary number of TLAs, (a) $2$ TLAs, (b) $2$ TLAs, (c) $4$ TLAs, (d) $4$ TLAs, (e) $6$ TLAs, (f) $6$ TLAs. (a), (c) and (e)are for the ideal cases, others are for the dissipative cases. We have chosen  $n=8$ and  $\gamma=0.2$. The change of Mott-insulator and superfluid phase boundary can be seen clearly.}
\end{figure}
\end{widetext}

In contrast, as shown in Fig. $3$, we seek to determine how a Mott-insulator state in the beginning can restore the coherence by changing the intercavity hopping rate $\kappa$ for a dissipative system.
For a small $\kappa$, there are no enough excitations for hopping between cavities. By rasing the hopping rate to a certain value $\kappa_{c}=\frac{(8n^{3}-12n^{2}-2n+3)\epsilon e^{2n\gamma t}}{(8n^{3}-12n^{2}-4n+4)}$, the system will restore its long-range coherence and a phase transition from Mott-insulator to the superfluid phase appears. According to Eqs.$(4.7)$ and $(4.8)$, the photon hopping rate is also found to decrease because of the effect of the environment, thus the long-range coherence can only occur when the increase of the photon hopping rate is faster than its decay. Figs. $3(a)$ and $3(c)$ also demonstrate that the influence of environment accumulate over time. With an increase in time, a large hopping rate is required to restore the coherence. Because the system and the environment have been recognized as a whole system in the effective Hamiltonian, then the dissipation is the inherent nature of the system. Therefore, for $t=0$, the system is also dissipative, and the hopping rate required for the phase transition to occur is higher than the rate expected in the ideal case.  In addition, increasing the number of photons to $n$, the dissipation of the system is also enhanced correspondingly, a higher hopping energy is thus required to induce a phase transition, as shown in Figs. $3(b)$ and $3(d)$.

In what follows, we extend the model to an arbitrary number of TLAs cases. The Dressed-state basis can be written by the general method to  diagonalize the effective DBH Hamiltonian (1.1) by numerical computation. The phase diagrams of the dissipative DBH model are plotted in Fig.$4$. For comparison, we also show the ideal cases. In dissipative cases, we choose $t=0$, which implies that the dissipative system is nearly equilibrium. As shown in Fig. $4$, as interaction with the environment destroys the coherence of the system, the Mott lobes becomes smaller and the area of the coherent phase decreases. Next, the realization of the superfluid state requires a large hopping rate to derive the localized photons in each cavity. It can also be found that, in a regime with a small hopping rate $\kappa$, fewer TLAs could cause the system to become a localized phase compared with the ideal cases. With an increase in the number of TLAs, the coherent state may disappear rapidly for the dissipative system.

\section{Conclusion}
Based on the quasibosonic approach, a realistic situation of a DBH  model coupled to its environment was considered. The analytical solution of the superfluid order parameter for two TLAs per cavity was derived. The transition behaviors of the superfluid to Mott-insulation phase and the restoring coherence were discussed. The phase diagram for an arbitrary number of TLAs was also investigated. As the number of TLAs increases, Mott lobes may disappear and such a system tends to be classical. Most importantly, the atomic number is far lower than that under ideal circumstances. This work can provide parameters for reference to simulate strongly correlated many body systems in the actual operation.

\begin{acknowledgments}
This work was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China under Grant No.11274148.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
"""Error codes for PostgresSQL

This module contains symbolic names for all PostgreSQL error codes.
"""
# psycopg2/errorcodes.py - PostgreSQL error codes
#
# Copyright (C) 2006-2010 Johan Dahlin  <jdahlin@async.com.br>
#
# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
#
# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
#
# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
# License for more details.
#
# Based on:
#
#   http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/errcodes-appendix.html
#

def lookup(code, _cache={}):
    """Lookup an error code or class code and return its symbolic name.

    Raise `KeyError` if the code is not found.
    """
    if _cache:
        return _cache[code]

    # Generate the lookup map at first usage.
    for k, v in globals().iteritems():
        if isinstance(v, str) and len(v) in (2, 5):
            _cache[v] = k

    return lookup(code)

# autogenerated data: do not edit below this point.

# Error classes
CLASS_SUCCESSFUL_COMPLETION = '00'
CLASS_WARNING = '01'
CLASS_NO_DATA = '02'
CLASS_SQL_STATEMENT_NOT_YET_COMPLETE = '03'
CLASS_CONNECTION_EXCEPTION = '08'
CLASS_TRIGGERED_ACTION_EXCEPTION = '09'
CLASS_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED = '0A'
CLASS_INVALID_TRANSACTION_INITIATION = '0B'
CLASS_LOCATOR_EXCEPTION = '0F'
CLASS_INVALID_GRANTOR = '0L'
CLASS_INVALID_ROLE_SPECIFICATION = '0P'
CLASS_CASE_NOT_FOUND = '20'
CLASS_CARDINALITY_VIOLATION = '21'
CLASS_DATA_EXCEPTION = '22'
CLASS_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION = '23'
CLASS_INVALID_CURSOR_STATE = '24'
CLASS_INVALID_TRANSACTION_STATE = '25'
CLASS_INVALID_SQL_STATEMENT_NAME = '26'
CLASS_TRIGGERED_DATA_CHANGE_VIOLATION = '27'
CLASS_INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_SPECIFICATION = '28'
CLASS_DEPENDENT_PRIVILEGE_DESCRIPTORS_STILL_EXIST = '2B'
CLASS_INVALID_TRANSACTION_TERMINATION = '2D'
CLASS_SQL_ROUTINE_EXCEPTION = '2F'
CLASS_INVALID_CURSOR_NAME = '34'
CLASS_EXTERNAL_ROUTINE_EXCEPTION = '38'
CLASS_EXTERNAL_ROUTINE_INVOCATION_EXCEPTION = '39'
CLASS_SAVEPOINT_EXCEPTION = '3B'
CLASS_INVALID_CATALOG_NAME = '3D'
CLASS_INVALID_SCHEMA_NAME = '3F'
CLASS_TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK = '40'
CLASS_SYNTAX_ERROR_OR_ACCESS_RULE_VIOLATION = '42'
CLASS_WITH_CHECK_OPTION_VIOLATION = '44'
CLASS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = '53'
CLASS_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED = '54'
CLASS_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE = '55'
CLASS_OPERATOR_INTERVENTION = '57'
CLASS_SYSTEM_ERROR = '58'
CLASS_CONFIGURATION_FILE_ERROR = 'F0'
CLASS_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER_ERROR = 'HV'
CLASS_PL_PGSQL_ERROR = 'P0'
CLASS_INTERNAL_ERROR = 'XX'

# Class 00 - Successful Completion
SUCCESSFUL_COMPLETION = '00000'

# Class 01 - Warning
WARNING = '01000'
NULL_VALUE_ELIMINATED_IN_SET_FUNCTION = '01003'
STRING_DATA_RIGHT_TRUNCATION = '01004'
PRIVILEGE_NOT_REVOKED = '01006'
PRIVILEGE_NOT_GRANTED = '01007'
IMPLICIT_ZERO_BIT_PADDING = '01008'
DYNAMIC_RESULT_SETS_RETURNED = '0100C'
DEPRECATED_FEATURE = '01P01'

# Class 02 - No Data (this is also a warning class per the SQL standard)
NO_DATA = '02000'
NO_ADDITIONAL_DYNAMIC_RESULT_SETS_RETURNED = '02001'

# Class 03 - SQL Statement Not Yet Complete
SQL_STATEMENT_NOT_YET_COMPLETE = '03000'

# Class 08 - Connection Exception
CONNECTION_EXCEPTION = '08000'
SQLCLIENT_UNABLE_TO_ESTABLISH_SQLCONNECTION = '08001'
CONNECTION_DOES_NOT_EXIST = '08003'
SQLSERVER_REJECTED_ESTABLISHMENT_OF_SQLCONNECTION = '08004'
CONNECTION_FAILURE = '08006'
TRANSACTION_RESOLUTION_UNKNOWN = '08007'
PROTOCOL_VIOLATION = '08P01'

# Class 09 - Triggered Action Exception
TRIGGERED_ACTION_EXCEPTION = '09000'

# Class 0A - Feature Not Supported
FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED = '0A000'

# Class 0B - Invalid Transaction Initiation
INVALID_TRANSACTION_INITIATION = '0B000'

# Class 0F - Locator Exception
LOCATOR_EXCEPTION = '0F000'
INVALID_LOCATOR_SPECIFICATION = '0F001'

# Class 0L - Invalid Grantor
INVALID_GRANTOR = '0L000'
INVALID_GRANT_OPERATION = '0LP01'

# Class 0P - Invalid Role Specification
INVALID_ROLE_SPECIFICATION = '0P000'

# Class 20 - Case Not Found
CASE_NOT_FOUND = '20000'

# Class 21 - Cardinality Violation
CARDINALITY_VIOLATION = '21000'

# Class 22 - Data Exception
DATA_EXCEPTION = '22000'
STRING_DATA_RIGHT_TRUNCATION = '22001'
NULL_VALUE_NO_INDICATOR_PARAMETER = '22002'
NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE = '22003'
NULL_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED = '22004'
ERROR_IN_ASSIGNMENT = '22005'
INVALID_DATETIME_FORMAT = '22007'
DATETIME_FIELD_OVERFLOW = '22008'
INVALID_TIME_ZONE_DISPLACEMENT_VALUE = '22009'
ESCAPE_CHARACTER_CONFLICT = '2200B'
INVALID_USE_OF_ESCAPE_CHARACTER = '2200C'
INVALID_ESCAPE_OCTET = '2200D'
ZERO_LENGTH_CHARACTER_STRING = '2200F'
MOST_SPECIFIC_TYPE_MISMATCH = '2200G'
NOT_AN_XML_DOCUMENT = '2200L'
INVALID_XML_DOCUMENT = '2200M'
INVALID_XML_CONTENT = '2200N'
INVALID_XML_COMMENT = '2200S'
INVALID_XML_PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION = '2200T'
INVALID_INDICATOR_PARAMETER_VALUE = '22010'
SUBSTRING_ERROR = '22011'
DIVISION_BY_ZERO = '22012'
INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_NTILE_FUNCTION = '22014'
INTERVAL_FIELD_OVERFLOW = '22015'
INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_NTH_VALUE_FUNCTION = '22016'
INVALID_CHARACTER_VALUE_FOR_CAST = '22018'
INVALID_ESCAPE_CHARACTER = '22019'
INVALID_REGULAR_EXPRESSION = '2201B'
INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_LOGARITHM = '2201E'
INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_POWER_FUNCTION = '2201F'
INVALID_ARGUMENT_FOR_WIDTH_BUCKET_FUNCTION = '2201G'
INVALID_ROW_COUNT_IN_LIMIT_CLAUSE = '2201W'
INVALID_ROW_COUNT_IN_RESULT_OFFSET_CLAUSE = '2201X'
INVALID_LIMIT_VALUE = '22020'
CHARACTER_NOT_IN_REPERTOIRE = '22021'
INDICATOR_OVERFLOW = '22022'
INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE = '22023'
UNTERMINATED_C_STRING = '22024'
INVALID_ESCAPE_SEQUENCE = '22025'
STRING_DATA_LENGTH_MISMATCH = '22026'
TRIM_ERROR = '22027'
ARRAY_SUBSCRIPT_ERROR = '2202E'
FLOATING_POINT_EXCEPTION = '22P01'
INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION = '22P02'
INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION = '22P03'
BAD_COPY_FILE_FORMAT = '22P04'
UNTRANSLATABLE_CHARACTER = '22P05'
NONSTANDARD_USE_OF_ESCAPE_CHARACTER = '22P06'

# Class 23 - Integrity Constraint Violation
INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION = '23000'
RESTRICT_VIOLATION = '23001'
NOT_NULL_VIOLATION = '23502'
FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION = '23503'
UNIQUE_VIOLATION = '23505'
CHECK_VIOLATION = '23514'
EXCLUSION_VIOLATION = '23P01'

# Class 24 - Invalid Cursor State
INVALID_CURSOR_STATE = '24000'

# Class 25 - Invalid Transaction State
INVALID_TRANSACTION_STATE = '25000'
ACTIVE_SQL_TRANSACTION = '25001'
BRANCH_TRANSACTION_ALREADY_ACTIVE = '25002'
INAPPROPRIATE_ACCESS_MODE_FOR_BRANCH_TRANSACTION = '25003'
INAPPROPRIATE_ISOLATION_LEVEL_FOR_BRANCH_TRANSACTION = '25004'
NO_ACTIVE_SQL_TRANSACTION_FOR_BRANCH_TRANSACTION = '25005'
READ_ONLY_SQL_TRANSACTION = '25006'
SCHEMA_AND_DATA_STATEMENT_MIXING_NOT_SUPPORTED = '25007'
HELD_CURSOR_REQUIRES_SAME_ISOLATION_LEVEL = '25008'
NO_ACTIVE_SQL_TRANSACTION = '25P01'
IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION = '25P02'

# Class 26 - Invalid SQL Statement Name
INVALID_SQL_STATEMENT_NAME = '26000'

# Class 27 - Triggered Data Change Violation
TRIGGERED_DATA_CHANGE_VIOLATION = '27000'

# Class 28 - Invalid Authorization Specification
INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_SPECIFICATION = '28000'
INVALID_PASSWORD = '28P01'

# Class 2B - Dependent Privilege Descriptors Still Exist
DEPENDENT_PRIVILEGE_DESCRIPTORS_STILL_EXIST = '2B000'
DEPENDENT_OBJECTS_STILL_EXIST = '2BP01'

# Class 2D - Invalid Transaction Termination
INVALID_TRANSACTION_TERMINATION = '2D000'

# Class 2F - SQL Routine Exception
SQL_ROUTINE_EXCEPTION = '2F000'
MODIFYING_SQL_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED = '2F002'
PROHIBITED_SQL_STATEMENT_ATTEMPTED = '2F003'
READING_SQL_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED = '2F004'
FUNCTION_EXECUTED_NO_RETURN_STATEMENT = '2F005'

# Class 34 - Invalid Cursor Name
INVALID_CURSOR_NAME = '34000'

# Class 38 - External Routine Exception
EXTERNAL_ROUTINE_EXCEPTION = '38000'
CONTAINING_SQL_NOT_PERMITTED = '38001'
MODIFYING_SQL_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED = '38002'
PROHIBITED_SQL_STATEMENT_ATTEMPTED = '38003'
READING_SQL_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED = '38004'

# Class 39 - External Routine Invocation Exception
EXTERNAL_ROUTINE_INVOCATION_EXCEPTION = '39000'
INVALID_SQLSTATE_RETURNED = '39001'
NULL_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED = '39004'
TRIGGER_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED = '39P01'
SRF_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED = '39P02'

# Class 3B - Savepoint Exception
SAVEPOINT_EXCEPTION = '3B000'
INVALID_SAVEPOINT_SPECIFICATION = '3B001'

# Class 3D - Invalid Catalog Name
INVALID_CATALOG_NAME = '3D000'

# Class 3F - Invalid Schema Name
INVALID_SCHEMA_NAME = '3F000'

# Class 40 - Transaction Rollback
TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK = '40000'
SERIALIZATION_FAILURE = '40001'
TRANSACTION_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION = '40002'
STATEMENT_COMPLETION_UNKNOWN = '40003'
DEADLOCK_DETECTED = '40P01'

# Class 42 - Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
SYNTAX_ERROR_OR_ACCESS_RULE_VIOLATION = '42000'
INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE = '42501'
SYNTAX_ERROR = '42601'
INVALID_NAME = '42602'
INVALID_COLUMN_DEFINITION = '42611'
NAME_TOO_LONG = '42622'
DUPLICATE_COLUMN = '42701'
AMBIGUOUS_COLUMN = '42702'
UNDEFINED_COLUMN = '42703'
UNDEFINED_OBJECT = '42704'
DUPLICATE_OBJECT = '42710'
DUPLICATE_ALIAS = '42712'
DUPLICATE_FUNCTION = '42723'
AMBIGUOUS_FUNCTION = '42725'
GROUPING_ERROR = '42803'
DATATYPE_MISMATCH = '42804'
WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE = '42809'
INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY = '42830'
CANNOT_COERCE = '42846'
UNDEFINED_FUNCTION = '42883'
RESERVED_NAME = '42939'
UNDEFINED_TABLE = '42P01'
UNDEFINED_PARAMETER = '42P02'
DUPLICATE_CURSOR = '42P03'
DUPLICATE_DATABASE = '42P04'
DUPLICATE_PREPARED_STATEMENT = '42P05'
DUPLICATE_SCHEMA = '42P06'
DUPLICATE_TABLE = '42P07'
AMBIGUOUS_PARAMETER = '42P08'
AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS = '42P09'
INVALID_COLUMN_REFERENCE = '42P10'
INVALID_CURSOR_DEFINITION = '42P11'
INVALID_DATABASE_DEFINITION = '42P12'
INVALID_FUNCTION_DEFINITION = '42P13'
INVALID_PREPARED_STATEMENT_DEFINITION = '42P14'
INVALID_SCHEMA_DEFINITION = '42P15'
INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION = '42P16'
INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION = '42P17'
INDETERMINATE_DATATYPE = '42P18'
INVALID_RECURSION = '42P19'
WINDOWING_ERROR = '42P20'
COLLATION_MISMATCH = '42P21'
INDETERMINATE_COLLATION = '42P22'

# Class 44 - WITH CHECK OPTION Violation
WITH_CHECK_OPTION_VIOLATION = '44000'

# Class 53 - Insufficient Resources
INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = '53000'
DISK_FULL = '53100'
OUT_OF_MEMORY = '53200'
TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS = '53300'

# Class 54 - Program Limit Exceeded
PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED = '54000'
STATEMENT_TOO_COMPLEX = '54001'
TOO_MANY_COLUMNS = '54011'
TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS = '54023'

# Class 55 - Object Not In Prerequisite State
OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE = '55000'
OBJECT_IN_USE = '55006'
CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM = '55P02'
LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE = '55P03'

# Class 57 - Operator Intervention
OPERATOR_INTERVENTION = '57000'
QUERY_CANCELED = '57014'
ADMIN_SHUTDOWN = '57P01'
CRASH_SHUTDOWN = '57P02'
CANNOT_CONNECT_NOW = '57P03'
DATABASE_DROPPED = '57P04'

# Class 58 - System Error (errors external to PostgreSQL itself)
IO_ERROR = '58030'
UNDEFINED_FILE = '58P01'
DUPLICATE_FILE = '58P02'

# Class F0 - Configuration File Error
CONFIG_FILE_ERROR = 'F0000'
LOCK_FILE_EXISTS = 'F0001'

# Class HV - Foreign Data Wrapper Error (SQL/MED)
FDW_ERROR = 'HV000'
FDW_OUT_OF_MEMORY = 'HV001'
FDW_DYNAMIC_PARAMETER_VALUE_NEEDED = 'HV002'
FDW_INVALID_DATA_TYPE = 'HV004'
FDW_COLUMN_NAME_NOT_FOUND = 'HV005'
FDW_INVALID_DATA_TYPE_DESCRIPTORS = 'HV006'
FDW_INVALID_COLUMN_NAME = 'HV007'
FDW_INVALID_COLUMN_NUMBER = 'HV008'
FDW_INVALID_USE_OF_NULL_POINTER = 'HV009'
FDW_INVALID_STRING_FORMAT = 'HV00A'
FDW_INVALID_HANDLE = 'HV00B'
FDW_INVALID_OPTION_INDEX = 'HV00C'
FDW_INVALID_OPTION_NAME = 'HV00D'
FDW_OPTION_NAME_NOT_FOUND = 'HV00J'
FDW_REPLY_HANDLE = 'HV00K'
FDW_UNABLE_TO_CREATE_EXECUTION = 'HV00L'
FDW_UNABLE_TO_CREATE_REPLY = 'HV00M'
FDW_UNABLE_TO_ESTABLISH_CONNECTION = 'HV00N'
FDW_NO_SCHEMAS = 'HV00P'
FDW_SCHEMA_NOT_FOUND = 'HV00Q'
FDW_TABLE_NOT_FOUND = 'HV00R'
FDW_FUNCTION_SEQUENCE_ERROR = 'HV010'
FDW_TOO_MANY_HANDLES = 'HV014'
FDW_INCONSISTENT_DESCRIPTOR_INFORMATION = 'HV021'
FDW_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE = 'HV024'
FDW_INVALID_STRING_LENGTH_OR_BUFFER_LENGTH = 'HV090'
FDW_INVALID_DESCRIPTOR_FIELD_IDENTIFIER = 'HV091'

# Class P0 - PL/pgSQL Error
PLPGSQL_ERROR = 'P0000'
RAISE_EXCEPTION = 'P0001'
NO_DATA_FOUND = 'P0002'
TOO_MANY_ROWS = 'P0003'

# Class XX - Internal Error
INTERNAL_ERROR = 'XX000'
DATA_CORRUPTED = 'XX001'
INDEX_CORRUPTED = 'XX002'


text:
Home/Mary J Blige
Mary J Blige
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In support of Anakin and Obi-Wan in the Battle of Coruscant, the two Jedi are escorted by a squadron of ARC-170 fighters (= aggressive reconnaissance fighters). Absolutely loyal to the Republic, the clone pilots have the mission of diverting the Trade Federations fighters and clearing the way for the Jedi.
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