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Report · November 2014
Higher Education in California: Institutional Costs
Hans Johnson, Patrick Murphy, Margaret Weston, and Kevin Cook
Supported with funding from the California Postsecondary Education Commission Foundation and the Donald Bren Foundation
Related Event Higher Education Finance in California →
Over the past 20 years, in-state tuition at both the University of California (UC) and the California State University (CSU) has more than tripled. These tuition increases have led many to believe that spending in the state's public higher education systems is out of control. However, a closer look reveals that institutional expenditures in the two systems-including faculty salaries and benefits, the largest budget category-have not increased significantly. Our evaluation of both revenues and expenditures shows that recent tuition increases have been driven by dramatic reductions in state subsidies to UC and CSU. In the past, General Fund contributions covered the majority of educational costs. Today, students (often with help from federal, state, institutional, and private grants) pay most of these costs through tuition and associated fees. Better budget data could help policymakers monitor costs and align higher education funding with state goals. But it is clear that tuition at California's public universities has risen much more rapidly than the cost of providing higher education.
Are Costs Rising?
Rapid increases in tuition1 at California's public universities have raised questions about the cost of higher education. The general public, lawmakers, and the governor are clearly concerned that the tripling of tuition over the past 20 years reflects increases in the cost of providing higher education at the UC and CSU systems. According to a December 2012 PPIC Statewide Survey, 65 percent of Californians believe that higher education affordability is a big problem in the state. To be sure, many students who could not afford to pay the full listed tuition receive grants and scholarships-this is the focus of a companion report, Higher Education in California: Student Costs. But the governor's 2013-14 higher education budget froze tuition for CSU and UC and noted that "student tuition should not be the go-to budget balancer … everyone must do their part: taxpayers, students, and university officials need to find solutions other than tuition increases to balance their budgets." The budget proposal also noted that "student aid doesn-t fix the problem: it helps individual students but masks the underlying problem of higher education costs that are rising too fast." At a recent meeting of the University California Board of Regents the governor called for spending efficiencies that could prevent tuition hikes.2
To understand why tuition has increased so dramatically, it is necessary to evaluate trends in both revenues and expenditures at UC and CSU. In this report, we examine the extent to which increases in tuition have been driven by increases in the costs of providing higher education versus reductions in direct state support. Our focus is on revenues and expenditures related to educating undergraduates, not areas such as hospitals and research. Costs include faculty and staff compensation, institutional aid (grants and scholarships) provided to students, support services, and other operating expenses such as utilities. Like public universities throughout the country, UC and CSU cannot cover all their costs with the revenue generated by tuition. In other words, students do not pay the full cost of enrollment and instruction-even if they pay the full in-state tuition.3 State subsidies provided directly to UC and CSU through General Fund allocations make up most of the difference between costs incurred by the universities and the revenue they generate through the tuition charged to students.4
The vast majority of funds available to the UC and CSU systems to cover the costs of educating students come from state General Fund support and net tuition (that is, the total amount of tuition paid minus the cost of institutional grants). Over the past ten years, state allocations have declined and revenue from tuition has increased.
Between 2007-08 and 2012-13, state appropriations to UC and CSU fell by $2.0 billion (from $6.3 billion to $4.3 billion in 2013-14 dollars) or more than 30 percent, even as enrollment increased. On a per-student (full-time equivalent, or FTE) basis and adjusted for inflation, the declines have been even more dramatic. General Fund subsidies per student fell by more than 50 percent at UC and CSU. Inflation adjusted per student General Fund revenues fell from more than $16,000 in 2007-08 to about $10,000 in 2011-12 at UC and from almost $9,000 to less than $6,000 at CSU during the same period (Figure 1).5 Recent increases in General Fund allocations to 2013-14 are relatively small (less than 10% per student), and state support for UC and CSU students remains near the lowest level in more than three decades.6
Figure 1. State support for UC and CSU has declined dramatically
SOURCE: California Budget Project, From State to Student.
Reduced support from the state has left UC and CSU with two options: finding additional funding and cutting expenses. UC and CSU have cut some expenses by restricting the growth of enrollment, among other measures.7 However, given the magnitude of the reductions in state support, UC and CSU have relied primarily on tuition increases to help make up the difference.
UC and CSU have used some tuition revenue increases for institutional grants (scholarships) to aid lower-income students. Even so, per-student net tuition (full tuition net of institutional grants) revenue more than doubled between 2002 and 2012 (Figure 2).8
Figure 2. Per student tuition revenue more than doubled at both UC and CSU from 2002 to 2012
SOURCE: Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).
NOTES: Inflation-adjusted in 2012 dollars. For UC, does not include Hastings or UCSF, which provide only graduate education, but does include out-of-state and graduate students at other campuses. For CSU, includes out-of-state and graduate students.
Inflation-adjusted revenues per student are slightly lower now and the source of those revenues has shifted dramatically. In 2002-03, state General Fund allocations made up 75 percent of all core revenues at UC and 79 percent at CSU; by 2012-13 the state share had fallen to 45 percent at UC and 50 percent at CSU.9
Between 2002 and 2012 the decline in state General Fund support has been mostly but not completely offset by increases in revenue from tuition. In other words, the primary core funds available to UC and CSU for providing instruction have declined slightly.
We have seen that UC and CSU increased tuition to make up for a loss of revenue from the state, but it may also be true that the costs of providing undergraduate education have changed. It is worth considering whether, given slightly declining revenues per student, public universities have shifted their expenditures among or within budget areas.
We begin by looking at whether the overall distribution of spending in the UC and CSU systems has changed. Figures 3 and 4 present an expenditure breakdown of each system's budget for both 2006-07 and 2012-13. The largest spending category for each system is clearly instruction. Administrative costs, referred to as "institutional support" by the higher education systems, also constitute a significant portion of UC and CSU budgets. The only cost categories for the UC and CSU that have grown significantly since 2006 are student services and auxiliary enterprises. Auxiliary enterprises are self-supporting operations, including college stores, food services, and residence halls, and do not affect tuition. Below, we discuss the primary costs that could impact tuition.
Figure 3. Distribution of UC expenditures across budget areas, 2007 and 2012
SOURCE: IPEDS.
NOTE: UC and CSU adopted IPEDS' new required reporting methodology in spring 2011: operation and maintenance of plant expenditures are now allocated across the other functional expenditure areas (instruction, research, etc.).
Figure 4. Distribution of CSU expenditures across budget areas, 2007 and 2012
Instructional Costs
The instructional expense category, which includes faculty and staff salaries and benefits, represents 30 to 40 percent of the total operating budget. This is not surprising, since higher education is a labor-intensive industry.
From 2002 to 2013, nationwide utility costs, fringe benefits, and administrative costs have all grown at a much faster pace than faculty salaries (66%, 58%, and 53% versus 32%). Indeed, nationwide faculty salaries just barely kept up with inflation over this period: the CPI-U increased 29.5 percent compared to a 32.3 percent increase in faculty salaries.10 Adjusted for inflation, average faculty salaries by rank have been flat at UC and declining at CSU since 2007 (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Since 2007, faculty salaries have plateaued at UC and Declined at CSU
NOTE: Average salary by rank adjusted for inflation in 2012 dollars.
Not only have faculty salaries plateaued or declined within faculty ranks, but UC and CSU are increasingly relying on untenured, non-tenure track, and part-time faculty to provide instruction. As shown in Table 1, the share of faculty that is non-tenure track has increased at both UC and CSU. Given that faculty salaries and benefits constitute the majority of instructional costs, this is not surprising.11 Employing non-tenure track faculty allows universities more staffing flexibility-which is particularly useful during budget downturns-and costs them less in salaries and benefits. Table 1 shows the dramatic shift in faculty composition.
Table 1. Faculty composition has shifted toward non-tenured instructors
NOTES: Numbers are based on faculty headcount (versus FTE) basis. UC began reporting this data to IPEDS in 2007.
In short, the shift toward lower cost non-tenure track faculty coupled with the stagnation of faculty salaries has kept expenditures for faculty from having a significant effect on the cost of providing higher education. It has also raised concerns about instructional quality and reductions in research.
In the UC system, pensions constitute another large portion of instructional costs.12 The UC Retirement Plan (UCRP) covers about 254,000 current, former, and retired UC faculty and employees and their beneficiaries. Historically, the UCRP has been very well funded-at its peak in 2000 the plan had assets totaling 154 percent of the amount needed to pay the cost of future benefits. Given this level of funding, the Regents suspended employee contributions for nearly two decades, and the state discontinued funding to UC for retirement costs for instructional staff. After the stock market crash of 2008, the UC system acknowledged that the UCRP had become underfunded. Employee contributions were reinstated in 2009, and as of 2013 the UCRP had an unfunded liability of $13.8 billion, an amount equal to 24 percent of the assets needed to pay expected benefits. It does not appear that pension obligations have a significant effect on instructional costs, though this may change in the future.13 UC is seeking state support to help fund future costs.
Broadly defined, administrative costs are incurred in day-to-day operational support. This category includes include expenses for general administrative services, executive-level activities concerned with management, legal and fiscal operations, logistical services such as purchasing and printing, and public relations and development.14 Administrative costs are often a source of consternation for policymakers and taxpayers because they appear to be unrelated to the primary mission of providing instruction. UC's administrative spending in 2012 was about $200 less per student ($4,025) than in 2006 ($4,227), while CSU spent somewhat more in 2012 ($2,315 per student) than in 2006 (Figure 6).
Figure 6. administrative expenditures per student have not increased significantly
NOTE: Inflation-adjusted to 2012 dollars.
The UC system showed a steady decline in administrative costs until 2012, when an increase in staff retirement costs reversed the trend. The CSU, on the other hand, has kept administrative costs relatively flat with a gradual decrease in administrative cost per student since its peak in 2008-09 though the system currently spends more per student than it did in 2006. These trends do not appear to indicate a rapid increase in administrative costs from pre-recession levels.
Between 2006 and 2012, UC per-student spending on student services increased by 24 percent and CSU spending rose by 40 percent (Figure 7). Student services expenditures cover the cost of student life outside of the instructional setting, such as student organizations, intramural activities, and cultural events. However, this category also includes expenses related to remedial education, counseling, and financial aid administration.
Figure 7. student services expenditure per student
Though the broad definition of the term "student services' makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions, it should be noted that the category includes many of the recommended policies for increasing graduation and retention rates such as increased counseling, tutoring, and financial aid support.15 More research is needed on the relationship between student services and increased graduation rates, but a positive correlation could signal increased overall efficiency.
Our examination of expenditures by the UC and CSU systems shows that the cost of providing public higher education in California has not risen dramatically. Instead, the tuition increases over the past several years have merely shifted the cost from the state to students and their families. To be sure, there has been an increase in grant aid from both the state and federal government, but the majority of students do not receive federal or state grants.
If policymakers are concerned about monitoring what the state gets for its money, they might want to consider implementing performance-based budgeting to better align fiscal incentives with state higher education priorities. Performance-based funding-which has been implemented in several other states-is the focus of a companion report, Higher Education in California: Performance Budgeting. Although it would not prevent cost increases in and of itself, performance-based budgeting would allow the state to provide fiscal incentives for schools to allocate resources to desired outcomes.
More generally, attempts to restrain costs are not likely to succeed in the long run without better data and a deeper understanding of cost drivers. Tuition caps are especially problematic. Because the restriction on increasing tuition is not accompanied by enrollment expectations, the state's public universities have a fiscal incentive to restrict enrollment or increase out-of-state enrollment. Given the excess demand at UC and CSU and strong labor market demand for college graduates, enrollment restrictions are not in the best interests of the state and college students. To date, both UC and CSU have said that lack of state funding has prevented them from enrolling some qualified students. Moreover, tuition caps could lead to greater volatility in prices once those caps are abolished.16
Higher education is especially vulnerable to budget cuts during economic downturns. The state's public universities do not have constitutional protections like K-12 education and the community colleges. And, unlike corrections, the higher education budget has not been affected by any major court rulings. During the recent recession, the UC and CSU systems made commendable efforts to keep spending levels from rising. However, those efforts may have unintended consequences. For example, relying on non-tenure track lecturers could reduce the amount of research under way at the state's institutions, which might negatively affect innovation and spillovers. As the state reinvests in higher education it will need to set clear priorities and ensure that higher education funding aligns with state goals.
The authors would like to thank the reviewers of an earlier version of this report, including Nina Robinson, Su Jin Jez, and Paul Warren. Kim Rueben provided expert feedback on several drafts. Mary Severance's editorial assistance was invaluable. Finally, we would like to thank Phaelen Parker of the California Budget Project for providing helpful data. Any errors are our own.
Throughout this report, by tuition we mean both undergraduate tuition and fees. At both UC and CSU, fees are identified separately from tuition, but both are mandatory. System wide and campus-based fees tend to be much lower than tuition. Fees are intended to provide support for some student services, while tuition supports the universities' core mission. See http://ucop.edu/operating-budget/fees-and-enrollments/descriptions-of-charges.html for a detailed description for UC.
"Gov Brown Warns UC Regents about State Spending," Los Angeles Times, November 14, 2013
Throughout the country, public universities receive direct subsidies from state governments to help provide higher education to state residents. At both UC and CSU, our analysis of IPEDS data shows that instruction costs exceed full tuition and fees. Out-of-state undergraduates and graduate students in certain professional programs do pay the full cost, but these students make up a small share of total enrollment.
Some grants and scholarships are awarded by the institutions themselves, which adds to their costs; the state and federal government provide substantial amounts of grant aid as well.
Calculations based on full-time-equivalent students include both undergraduate and graduate students. For more information, see California Budget Project, From State to Student: How State Disinvestment Has Shifted Higher Education Costs to Students and Families (2014).
For an excellent analysis of state funding of UC and CSU, see California Budget Project, From State to Student.
Hans Johnson, Defunding Higher Education: What Are the Effects on College Enrollment? (PPIC, 2012).
Net tuition is full tuition less institutional grants. These net tuition revenues include both out-of-state and in-state students. Most of the increase has been driven by changes in tuition charged to in-state students. For in-state undergraduates at UC, full tuition and fees increased from $3,834 in 2002 to $12,192 in 2012 and at CSU tuition and fees increased from $1,572 in 2002 to $12,192 in 2012. Out-of-state undergraduates made up less than 14 percent of first-time freshmen enrolled in the UC system in 2012 and less than 5 percent of first time freshmen at CSU.
See Jackson, Higher Education in California: Student Costs.
Authors' calculations based on Higher Education Price Index (HEPI) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) data. CPI-U stands for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers; it is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.
Non–tenure track faculty include lecturers, adjuncts, and part-time faculty, but not graduate student teaching assistants.
CSU faculty and staff are covered by CalPERS, which is on track to be fully funded within 30 years.
Segal Co., University of California Retirement Plan: Actuarial Valuation Report as of July 1, 2012.
IPEDS Glossary.
Douglas Webber and Ronald Ehrenberg, "Do Expenditures Other Than Instructional Expenditures Affect Graduation and Persistence Rates in American Higher Education?" (working paper, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009).
Mac Taylor, Addressing California's Key Liabilities (Legislative Analyst's Office, 2014).
Finance Higher Education


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Do members of a charitable company owe fiduciary duties?
Darren Hooker
Whilst it has long been established that trustees and directors owe fiduciary duties to a charity, it has not previously been considered or confirmed by the Court whether members of a charitable company owe fiduciary duties.
The Charity Commission's published view (in Guidance RS7) has been that "members have an obligation to use their rights and exercise their vote in the best interest of the charity for which they are a member", but it has never gone as far as to frame this as a fiduciary duty.
The case of Lehtimaki v Cooper [2020] UKSC 33 considered this point specifically and has a number of implications for the charitable sector.
The Children's Investment Fund Foundation (UK) (CIFF) was established in 2002 by Sir Christopher Hohn and Ms Jamie Cooper. They were married at that time, but the relationship later broke down. Governance issues arose within CIFF as a result, and it was agreed that Ms Cooper should resign as a member and trustee of CIFF, and that CIFF should grant $360 million to a new charity established by Ms Cooper. CIFF's assets were valued in the region of $4 billion.
Section 217 of the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006) provides that payments made by a company to a director in connection with a loss of office must be approved by the members. In accordance with section 201 of the Charities Act 2011, any such payments must also be approved by the Charity Commission. The trustees of CIFF agreed unanimously that the grant to Ms Cooper should be made, subject to the approval of the Charity Commission or the Court. The Charity Commission authorised the trustees to seek the Court's approval for the Grant. While there were eight trustees, there were only three members: Sir Christopher, Ms Cooper and Dr Lehtimaki, a friend of Sir Christopher's from university. Since Sir Christopher and Ms Cooper were conflicted, Dr Lehtimaki was the only member able to vote on the making of the Grant.
Journey through the courts
Various points of law were considered in the initial High Court case, which went to the Court of Appeal and eventually the Supreme Court. The factual circumstances of the case are unusual and (given the sums involved) unlikely to be repeated, but there are important ramifications for the wider charity sector in the Supreme Court's judgment.
The Court held that Dr Lehtimaki owed fiduciary duties to the company and had to consider the best interests of CIFF's charitable purposes when exercising his voting rights to approve the payment of the grant. It found that members of charitable companies have fiduciary duties and owe a "duty of single minded loyalty" to the company's charitable purposes.
Counsel for CIFF raised a number of practical difficulties this conclusion posed for members of charitable companies, including:
Whether members ought to declare interests before meetings
Whether a member with a conflict of interest can vote (particularly if they are members of more than one charity in the same field)
Whether a member has a duty to vote and attend meetings
Whether members can receive benefits from the company
Whether a member would have to investigate a matter before they could vote on it, and what information they could require from the company
Whether a member is entitled to be indemnified for the cost of attending a meeting of the company or for the cost of taking legal advice
The Supreme Court judgment did not consider each of these points in turn, but found that the exercise of fiduciary duties by members must be considered in the "full context of the potential exercise of discretion". The Court was clear that the general principle that members are fiduciaries applied equally to all charitable companies, including those with large memberships.
Members of charitable companies may now, understandably, want to think more carefully about how they exercise those rights when voting on common matters such as changes to the articles of association and the appointment or removal of trustees. Members will want to consider any conflicts they may have, whether the issue they are considering might confer a benefit on them and ultimately, what is in the best interests of the company's charitable purposes.
Given the high profile nature of this case, the Charity Commission is expected to produce guidance on the nature of the fiduciary duties owed by members of charitable companies.
HR Law – January 2022
HR Law – December 2021
Podcast: Positive influencers: a conversation with Jon Rosser
HR Law – November 2021
HR Law – October 2021
HR Law – September 2021

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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These Agency Creatives Found a Way to Turn Trump's Words Into Messages of Love
'Trump With Love' launches in time for Valentine's Day
By David Gianatasio
Just in time for Valentine's Day, we can all bask in President Trump's love.
Yes, love.
For those who believe he spews only hate, the Trump With Love site may be a pleasant surprise. It lets users create and share video messages using our imperious leader's own voice and image—using nifty editing to rearrange his words into unexpected pleasantries.
Here's an example:
Instead of going low on that last note, he goes high. Groovy!
"His words seemed to bring the worst out in a lot of people," says 180LA executive creative director Eduardo Rafael, who worked on Trump With Love as a side project along with staffers from his agency and other firms. "We thought: What if they could do the opposite? What if the man we see shouting, pointing and scowling his words all the time was actually doing so to promote love and unity?"
Hey, it could happen.
Launched on Inauguration Day, the easy-to-use site houses 30 hours of footage from Trump speeches, debates and interviews, and so far it's been used to create more than 3,100 clips.
"It was a painstaking process," says 180 digital creative director Karan Dang. "We went and cut each word individually to make the library. Some words were easy to find like 'tremendous' and 'China.' Other words like 'huge,' believe it or not, were harder to find."
Oh, the mindless, topical fun you will have.
For example, you can make the Donald profess his love for various individuals, groups and institutions:
Please, Mr. President, you're too kind. Though we all know who really rules his heart:
Just don't get overly negative or profane. Attempts at foul language generate warnings like, "Stop with the locker room talk."
And just as love doesn't really figure into El Presidente's policy making, you needn't use that specific word in your message:
Sends chills up and down our spine. Less than two weeks into the Trump era, and the nation's consumed with stress. Might be better to send DJT packing—with love, of course, and in his own words (since he never really listens to anyone else):
"We didn't want to create a tool for people to simply make fun of him. [Though] that's going to happen anyway—it's the Internet," says 180 executive creative director Rafael Rizuto. "We really wanted to push people to use it to make him say something positive, or even just China 10 times in a row. That never gets old."
You know, it really doesn't.
Chief Creative Officer: William Gelner
Executive Creative Director: Eduardo Marques, Rafael Rizuto
Digital Creative Director: Karan Dang
Director of Art & Design: Chris Welsby
Digital Copywriter: Jason Deja
Digital Art Director: Fernando Lancas, Andres Schiling
Digital Designer: Matt Jensen
Creative Technologist: Jefferson Wu
Senior UX Designer: Stacey Savage
Digital Producer: Ryan Schmidt
http://adweek.it/2k9ja7M
David Gianatasio
@DaveGian
David Gianatasio is a longtime contributor to Adweek, where he has been a writer and editor for two decades. Previously serving as Adweek's New England bureau chief and web editor, he remains based in Boston.
Vice President, Executive Creative Director


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Home Latest FTI Revenues Grew In Q4, But 2012 Saw Decline Overall
FTI Revenues Grew In Q4, But 2012 Saw Decline Overall
FTI Consulting has reported growth of around 2.2 percent in its strategic communications business during the fourth quarter of 2012.
Holmes Report 03 Mar 2013 // 12:00AM GMT
NEW YORK—FTI Consulting has reported growth of around 2.2 percent in its strategic communications business (the former Financial Dynamics) during the fourth quarter of 2012, although PR revenues for the full year were down by about 7 percent, from $200.9 million in 2011 to $187.76 million in 2012.
Fourth quarter revenues increased 2.2 percent to $50.3 million from $49.2 million in the prior year quarter. Pre-tax profit was $8.7 million, for a margin of 17.4 percent, up from 15.3 percent of segment revenues in the prior year quarter.
In a statement, FTI said there had been growth in areas such as shareholder activism and that there were signs that capital markets activity—merger and acquisitions and IPOs—were beginning to make a comeback. There was additional growth in the energy and life sciences sectors and the government affairs practice.
Commenting of the group's overall performance—which also saw 2.2 percent growth in the fourth quarter—FTI president and chief executive Jack Dunn said, "Our fourth quarter results provide a promising foundation for the launch of our 31st year. We saw quarterly growth in three of our businesses and enjoyed solid operating performance and strong cash flow. December was the strongest cash collection month in our history and, coupled with the successful refinancing of our long term debt, provides us with a powerful balance sheet and financial position going forward."
Financial communications


GEMS is for girls in 2nd through 8th grades.
GEMS Girls' Clubs is all about - well - girls! Girls are active, imaginative, and unique. They are passionate! And GEMS offers them the perfect place to learn and grow as they discover who God created them to be.
GEMS was founded on the principles defined in Titus 2, and we want to grow women closer to God and closer to each other as we equip them to show girls how to live God-honoring lives.
GEMS is an acronym for Girls Everywhere Meeting the Savior. Our vision is to see girls around the world actively and enthusiastically expressing love for God and others - girls equipped, motivated, and passionately engaged in living out their faiths.
GEMS is rooted in a deep tradition of faith. Since 1958, God has been using GEMS to impact the lives of countlesss women and girls, teaching them what is means to act justly, love mercy and walk humbly with HIM.
Today, the ministry serves more than 24,000 girls as well as the 5,300 women who mentor them. And, for the first time ever, GEMS has over 900 active clubs!
With clubs established in several different denominations and non-denominational churches and Christian organizations. GEMS has been recognized as the official youth serving organization of the Christian Reformed Church, and curriculum is developed from a reformed perspective.
For more information on the GEMS program click here.


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for Soprano and Marimba
Op. 12c - Three Songs
(2009/2015)
Text: D.H. Lawrence
I. New Moon
II. Tarantella
III. Invocation to the Moon
Program Notes: My Op. 12, Three Songs, is a setting of three poems by English novelist and poet D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930). It exists in three versions; Soprano and Chamber Orchestra, Soprano and Piano and Soprano and Marimba. Each of the poems set in some way refer to the Moon or lunar activities and are meant to evoke and illuminate an other-wordly landscape. The first poem, "New Moon," (1928-29) is a slow ballade to the Moon. Through a movement of subtly changing and augmented harmonies, the marimba conjures the terrain of space through tremolos while the Soprano soars above the shifting harmonies. "Tarantella" (1916) is a lively dance with a slow and sentimental waltz where the Soprano proclaims "Dance to the sliding sea and the moon." The third song, "Invocation to the Moon," (1932) is dynamic mosaic of changing and developing moods and tones ranging from joyous and ecstatic to lyrical and tranquil. The fleeting and relentlessly changing tempi and form of this song are reminiscent of the unknown and distant, foreign and strange topography of the Moon. Here the Soprano belts, "Moon, Oh Moon, great lady of heavenly few!"
Performance History:
-May 11th, 2009; Doctorate Recital; Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts - 8:30PM
-June 12th, 2015; No. 1; IntoSecond Year Masters Recital; Codarts Rotterdam; Rotterdam, Netherlands – 8PM
-June 26th, 2015; No. 1; Into the Wild – Bachelor Final Exam; Codarts Rotterdam; Rotterdam, Netherlands
-August 19th, 2015; Music at MiMoDa – Paper or Plastik Cafe; West Los Angeles, California – 8PM
-August 23rd, 2015; unSUNg – Songs Uncommon and New; St. Mark's Episcopal Church; Glendale, California
-October 18th, 2015; NOVA Vocal Ensemble; St. Mark's Episcopal Church; Glendale, California - 7:30PM
-November 5th, 2016; No. 2; Dorothy B. Hoag Honors Recital; Hofstra University; Monroe Lecture Hall; Uniondale, NY – 8PM
-January 28th, 2017; Satellite Salon - Composition Conjuring; University of Southern Utah; Thorley Hall; Cedar City, UT – 7:30PM
-March 4th, 2018; The Rhoda Pinsley Levin Honors Recital; Hofstra University – Fortunoff Theater; Hempstead, NY – 1PM
George N. Gianopoulos


As many of you would know we are a KidsMatter school. We are currently in the process of completing Component 3. KidsMatter Primary was an Australian mental health and wellbeing initiative set in primary schools. The initiative was developed as a response to the high rates of school-age children with mental health challenges.
The National Mental Health Commission Review of Mental Health Programmes and Services Report of 2014 found that there were multiple initiatives promoting social and emotional health and wellbeing for children and young people across education settings. All of these initiatives were designed and delivered with the best possible intent but had the potential to be so much more if they were integrated into one single, national end-to-end education-based program.
This led to the Australian Government's National Support for Child and Youth Mental Health Program, which has the vision to support infants, children and young people to achieve their possible mental health.
Our annual swimming program is running smoothly. The students are enjoying the lessons and the bus trip!
Caitlin Brown will be taking 12 months leave next year to travel. We look forward to welcoming Caitlin back to STM in 2020!
Please come along tomorrow to see your child's growth and development. It's also an opportunity for the students to "show off" their work and classroom.
This Friday at 9am. Everyone welcome.
As we enter the half way point of Term 4, it is a little reminder to us all that now, more than ever, is a time to become still and centred as we move towards Christmastime.
As mentioned in last newsletter, St Thomas More's School places significant importance on Christian Meditation, as one way to centre our heart and mind towards God. When we practice Christian Meditation in class and at assemblies, students are more grounded, calmer and more able to focus their attention on our school values of peace, courage and wisdom.
Our second 'Hero of Faith' this term is Ruth.
A key lesson we can learn from Ruth is that she also placed her heart and mind towards God and spent time in prayer. She showed loyalty and faithfulness towards her family and to God. Ruth married into the Jewish faith and adopted God as her God. The Book of Ruth is a true testament to how God is faithful and loving to all people, regardless of faith or culture.
Ruth showed respect, loyalty and faithfulness towards God and her family.
Ruth was brave in keeping her commitment to Naomi and took care of her.
Ruth was a hard worker and would go to nearby fields to pick up leftover grain to help feed Naomi and herself.
"Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God my God." (Ruth 1:16) Ruth trusted that God would take care of her.
Ruth was a woman of humility, commitment and integrity.
On Friday, 9 November our school remembered the men and women who have served our country in past and current wars and peace keeping operations.
Thank you very much to our parents and visitors who attended and particularly to Geoffrey Young (father of Cameron Year 4) who read the Prayer of Remembrance and Sergeant Dwayne Turvey, Quartermaster Sergeant of Australia's Federation Guard who gave the Reflection.
Sergeant Turvey directed the Catafalque Party at our Anzac Day Liturgy this year. This same Catafalque Party went to France for the official Anzac Day Service there. Sergeant Turvey very generously offered to take our little wooden Commemorative Crosses that the children had written on special messages of tribute to the battlefields in France.
A great story is Darren Jaensch (father of Lachlan, Year 4) was also in France for the Anzac Day Services. Somebody gave him a Commemorative Cross to place on one of the war graves. He was very surprised to look at the cross and see St Thomas More's Primary School with Bethany's (Gibson, Year 6) name on it. He placed the cross on the grave on Private Richard Snell in the Cemetery at Pozières. The somebody who gave him the cross was Sergeant Turvey. Hopefully, this serendipitous series of occurences helps our children make a special connection with – what can sometimes seem an abstract concept – commemoration. Genuine thanks to Sergeant Turvey for taking our commemorative crosses to France and coming back and sharing the experience with us at our Remembrance Day Liturgy.
Thanks also to Jaki Kane, who led the St Thomas More's School Choir in beautifully singing 'We Will Remember', a song written especially for the Anzac Centenary by Russell Tredinnick. Later in the morning they sang the song again at the ceremony at the Southern Cross Apartments. Ava Walsh (Year 6) read the Ode and William Ervin (Year 6) lowered and raised the Australian Flag for the occasion.
St Thomas More's was gifted an Anzac Bear from a former parent of the school and Team Leader of the Invictus Games, Brigadier Phil Winter. The Anzac Bear is Trooper Jones who is a First World War uniformed bear of the 5 Light Horse Regiment. We also received an Invictus Games T-Shirt.
Phil Winter organised for a competitor of the recent Invictus Games, Tiffany White, to visit us. Tiffany was a gold and silver medalist in the indoor rowing and power lifting events. She spoke to the 3/4 classes about her experience and answered many interesting questions posed to her by the children. Her special message to the children was it was more about having a go, being part of the team and looking out for others than winning the medals.
Thank you very much to Phil and Tiffany for your time with us.
The Veterans and Veterans Families Counselling Service (VVCS) changed its name to Open Arms - Veterans and Families Counselling in October 2018.
Open Arms provides counselling and support services to Australia's military community. If you have served one day of continuous full-time service in the ADF you can call for support. Families, reservists and some peacekeepers are also supported. Open Arms continues to provide the same professional, confidential service, with 24/7 support available to all current and ex-serving ADF members and their families. To learn more about Open Arms, call 1800 011 046 or visit https://www.openarms.gov.au/ .
Our next Mini Vinnies meeting will be held this Friday, 16 November. We will be finishing our prayers for the Archdiocese St Vincent de Paul Society Vinnies Little Book of Prayers We will also discuss our activities for the remainder of the year such as the SVdP Christmas Hampers.


Our residential keys are cut using computer precision technology so that they will precisely fit all of your residential locks. Our residential locks and keys are a higher grade than what is available to the average consumer at the hardware store, so you'll benefit from an even higher level of home security.
Purchasing a safe is an investment in the safety and security of your important documents, your memories, and the things that your family could not bear to lose. Residential safes can be designed to store jewelry, money, papers, firearms, ammunition, and anything that is important to you. The Village Lock & Key safe sales and repair team will work with you to ensure that you choose the right safe for your budget and for your security needs.
Before selecting a safe, we suggest contacting your homeowner's insurance company to ask about whether or not a certain model or rating of safe will lower your homeowner's insurance. Many times, high-security safes are significantly more affordable thanks to a decrease in your insurance premium.
Fire safes are typically constructed from thin sheets of steel or plastic molded to create a tough inner and outer shell. Fire safes are lined with insulating material to guard the contents from fire for a certain period of time. Most fire safes are designed for one to two hours of fire protection.
Burglary safes are designed to prevent your precious and valuable objects from being stolen. They are made from solid steel or a combination of solid steel and filling material, like concrete. Burglary safes are rated according to how much protection they offer you and what testing they are capable of enduring.
Many residents are interested in higher-security locks for their homes to keep unwanted visitors out and protect their property when they are not at home. Village Lock & Key is your preferred local Medeco high security locksmith service provider. Our higher security lock consulting services can determine what locks are right for your home.
Keyless entry systems consist of a door lock with a traditional handle or knob or a simple deadbolt and keypad. Keyless locks are great for entry points to your home that your children or babysitter enter, as you don't need to worry about giving them a key. You can quickly and easily change the code for keyless locks to maintain a higher, restricted level of home security. Village Lock & Key can install a variety of keyless lock systems including models that are weatherproof for outdoor use.
The rekeying process involves removing a portion of the inner lock and replacing it so that a different key cut fits the lock. When your home front door, mailbox, or other area has been rekeyed, all previous keys will no longer work. Rekeying is the best way to affordably change who has access to certain areas without needing to replace all of the locks and hardware outright.
A residential lockout is one of the most frustrating things that can happen to homeowners. We respond quickly to lockouts and can take care of rekeying the lock or replacing it once you're inside of your home. We'll never unnecessarily upsell you, so if there's any way for us to safely let you in your home without doing damage to the lock itself, we'll do so.
Who has a key to your home? If the answer is "the locksmith I found online," you might have entrusted the security of your family and property to a fake locksmith. Fake locksmiths are easily found online and in previously-trustworthy print sources, so you should always ask to see licensing and certification before allowing a locksmith access to any area of your property.
Many fake locksmiths do not use established techniques to help gain entry to your home and often damage locks by reaching for a drill first. Fake locksmiths will also often immediately attempt to sell you a new lock instead of trying to service your lock or repair the problem.
Trusting the security of your most valuable asset — your family — to just anyone is a bad idea. Instead, choose to work with seasoned professionals with a proven track record of success. You will feel safe with one of our licensed, bonded, and insured locksmiths on-site.
Village Lock & Key has been providing Howard County with knowledgeable and honest safe sales and repair for over three decades. We're committed to offering a comprehensive range of commercial locksmith services, residential locksmith services, and government locksmith services to customers throughout Howard County, Anne Arundel County, Baltimore County, Prince George's County, and Montgomery County. Our locksmiths and staff are professional, reliable, and dedicated to making you satisfied every time. Contact us today to unlock unparalleled sales and service from your preferred neighborhood locksmith and retail store, Village Lock & Key.


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The ethics of TV and international webslinging
Gadgetbox
By Dan Moren, Macworld	 Jun 3, 2006 5:00 pm PDT
If you haven't heard of the Slingbox, well, allow me to enlighten you. Essentially it's a device—a box , if you will—you hook up to your TV and an internet connection; once so attached, it sends— slings , some might say—those programs across the net to any of your computers. Very cool.
Though the Slingbox has been available to US resident for some time now, it's just made its debut in the United Kingdom. And, as Scott Matthewman over at The Stage muses, what does this mean for British residents? TV works somewhat differently in the UK; when you buy a set, you also have to buy a license for it; that license is what funds the BBC, allowing it to provide commercial-free content. Matthewman wonders if the Slingbox, ethically, will require additional licenses.
In addition, writer Neil Gaiman has long been a fan of the Slingbox, but he too wonders what this means for him, a British ex-pat living in the US:
The Slingbox has been released in the UK. So if I got a UK Slingbox and plugged it into say a relative's broadband and TV box, could I legally watch UK TV anywhere in the world? Could I if I bought a separate TV license? […] And then once I'd pondered that, I started fantasising about a warehouse filled with hard disks and Slingboxes and connections to ALL THE TV IN THE WORLD… And, of course, in reality I don't watch much TV. But I love the idea of being able to do it if I want to…
The point about watching UK TV is a good one. I lived in the UK for a while, and became a big fan of many British shows, some of which I legitimately own on region 2 DVDs that I can't legitimately watch on most of my equipment, to my eternal annoyance. But for new shows, like the latest series of Doctor Who, could I do what Neil is suggesting and not have to wait for British TV to appear on American shores? Would that be more, less, or around the same ethicality as getting the episodes off BitTorrent?


Back with one more interesting post.
Today I am going to introduce a new brand to my readers and the USP of this brand is , it's products are all natural and herbal and are free of harmful chemicals & toxins.
I am talking of Nature's Craft , a Bangalore based brand which prepares handmade cosmetics , skin care and hair care products.
Recently I got a chance to try some of its products .
Today I will share review of its Lip Balm.
The lip balm is white in color with a nice mild vanilla fragrance .
Product packaging is good , its in a stick form so easy to apply and also hygienic.
1. All natural ingredients and no harmful chemicals or toxins present.
all of which are good for skin.
3. Free of harmful Petroleum Jelly which is present in many lip balms.
4. Excellent product Packaging , which is hygienic too.
I am using this Lip Balm these days.
It's a good one. I like it's vanilla fragrance.
It completely moisturizes the lips and prevents drying & chapping of lips.
The product also claims that it prevents darkening of lips.
Since I have not used this products for a long period of time , cannot say anything regarding this right now , can update after using this for some more time .
Otherwise this seems to be a good product for people loving natural products.
Do share your views on this post.


Better Lemons was founded by Publisher Enci Box with a commitment to support LA's arts and entertainment community with aggregated reviews, original content, production resources, and marketing services.
Better Lemons features the LemonMeter, a critics and audience review aggregator that rates theatrical productions from Sweet to Sweet & Sour to Sour.
Better Lemons will feature LemonAid, a production resource for artists that highlights the professionals that provide products and services to the industry.
Better Lemons is especially proud of the Brigade, 20+ talented writers that write from their unique perspectives on LA's arts and entertainment culture.
Chief Operating Officer is Stephen Box.
To contact Enci, email her at Enci [at] Better-Lemons [dot] com.
To contact Stephen email him at Stephen [at] Better-Lemons [dot] com.


Some of the most rewarding work is teaching classes to beginners, conducting workshops in various mediums, and completing commissioned works.
Joan teaches classes in her home studio on Mondays every week. Classes are typically taught in watercolors, although other mediums are taught during some sessions. Sessions are 4 weeks. Each class is two and a half hours and run from 10 am to 12:30 pm. Normally class sizes consist of 6 people each having their own workspace. Cost $85 per session.
For more information contact Joan.
Joan hosts a variety of one day workshops throughout the year. Workshops includes different mediums including acrylics, alcohol inks,and monotype. Students will be exposed to an in depth study of a selected topic in a chosen medium.
Something that has always been a fun part of what Joan does is having the opportunity to answer the call for commissioned artwork. It is evident that some people love pieces that hold personal or sentimental value. Perhaps a favorite childhood place or a relatives old home. Maybe a sporting venue or the building in which you worked.
Joan has been able to recreate images near and dear to people's hearts. She can provide this service in many different mediums including watercolor, acrylic, and oil. Click to edit this text block. Effectively introducing your products, services, menu or whatever your great company offers, is the foundation of a powerful website. Visitors are interested in what you can do as a company, and what makes you different from all of the competition. So be sure to tell them!


In my last blog I spoke about how changing my diet helped tremendously in my hormonal imbalance/acne fight and I'd like to go into how eating properly also aided in my overall mental health journey.
What I found when I started to eat better was not only did my skin start to clear up more but I felt better mentally. This is what I mean when I say 'eat better to feel better'.
A lot of people have asked me how I've managed to stick to cleaner eating and it's actually quite simple. I became addicted to feeling better. There's no hard math involved in working out that what we put into our body affects our mood. I've come to realize that a lot of people correlate food with comfort/an emotion. You're happy you have a cupcake, you're sad you eat chocolate, you're stressed you have ice cream for example. 'Emotional eating' if not corrected, can lead to serious bad eating habits. If you want to commit to a better eating lifestyle, you first have to change the way you view food. Food is meant to be nutrition for the body and brain, not a blanket for your emotions.
The thing that surprised me the most when I changed my diet was how quickly my body adapted to not needing a lot of salt and sugar in my diet. One of the reasons it became easier for me to carry through with eating healthier was because I didn't feel like I was missing out on anything. Not only that, but it dawned on me as well that with my previous poor diet I wasn't allowing myself to function at full capacity. Trust me, when you realize that you can get all you want done in a day and still not feel completely exhausted just by eating better, it will become much easier for you to choose healthier meal options rather than greasing down your plate.
Now saying that I eat healthy by no means mean that I don't eat junk at all. I'm human and I love cheese like everyone else. The only difference now is that this isn't a norm for me. What has worked for me has been following a 'five to seven' rule. I eat as healthy as I can for five days of the week and the other two days I eat like the average person i.e. I stop by the doubles man and have a doubles or two. I sometimes tend to get a little lapse in my eating due to PMS cravings but this is where I exercise portion control.
I've put together a list of 'feel good' and 'feel bad' foods that you can incorporate/lessen from your diet to help improve your mood.
Legumes: Peas, Beans and lentils for example are small protein packed super foods full of the antioxidant, selenium. This nutrient helps reduce oxidative stress in the brain helping to relax your body and mind. These plant-based pods also keep blood sugar levels stable which translates to a stable mood.
Spinach: This leafy green stuff is filled with folic acid, antioxidants and magnesium, all of which are linked to a good mood.
Tomatoes: They contain an ingredient called Lycopene and large quantities of these help keep our brain fit and happy. They are also best consumed when cooked rather than raw since the Lycopene is more present.
Tuna and Salmon: Fish and other foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids can reduce your levels of the fight-or-flight hormone cortisol; they help to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
Apples: They are full of the antioxidant known as quercetin, which is a powerful mind-boosting antioxidant. Quercetin helps to fuel neurotransmitters in the brain and also reduces inflammation, which can further improve mood. They're also full of pectin, a fiber that keeps you full so your insulin levels stay more stable, which prevents erratic moods due to low blood sugar.
Enriched/Fortified cereal: This is a great source of B vitamins including folate, thiamin, B6, and B12, all of which help the brain produce serotonin. Studies suggest that eating more foods rich in these nutrients can reduce anxiety.
Berries: Studies have found that blueberries and strawberries, in particular, protect blood vessels in the brain from inflammation, helping to keep you sharp. These fruits contain the plant nutrients (known as flavonoids) anthocyanins, which act like little soldiers in your body, protecting cells from an onslaught of free radicals.
Eggs: Packed with essential nutrients including protein, calcium, vitamins D and A, thiamine, riboflavin, and pantothenic, eggs can serve as a viable treatment option for depressive symptoms.
Tumeric: Curcumin is the active ingredient in the spice tumeric, which has many brain boosting properties. This compound increases levels of both serotonin and dopamine.
Green Tea: Green tea has the component polyphenol; this is responsible for giving green tea its bitter taste and is a powerful antioxidant that has been associated with preventing cancer and heart attacks. Recent research has also shown they may help maintain positive mood states.
'Bad' Carbs: These include refined grains like white bread, white rice, white potatoes etc. These are not so much bad in small amounts and should be portion controlled. Too much carbs will overload your system with potential energy it can't use (unless you exercise) and thus make you put on weight. Refined grains particularly can make your blood sugar levels abruptly spike up and fall which can leave you feeling hungry quicker.
Processed foods: The list of potentially mood-busting ingredients in processed foods is a long one. Aside from sugar and gluten, they may also contain trans fats, artificial colors, monosodium glutamate (MSG), artificial sweeteners and other synthetic ingredients linked to irritability and poor mood.
Trans fat: Man-made trans fats do not behave as natural fats do in the body. Trans fats can lead to serious health complications including heart disease, cancer, diabetes, low birth rate, obesity and immune dysfunction. They also have serious consequences on brain health. Our brains rely on natural fats to create and maintain cell membranes but trans fats can cause cellular destruction, wreak havoc on hormone production, adversely affect memory and increase inflammation in the brain.


Hear Emily Burns' 'Girlfriend At The Time' as Josh's Next Big Thing every day this week!
Hear it every day just past 7:30pm!
It's always a song he thinks is going to be huge in the coming weeks and months.
This week he's gone for Girlfriend At The Time by Emily Burns!
Emily is a singer songwriter based in London but originally from the Midlands.
The song is all about being insecure in a relationship and is set to be released with her album later this year!
Hear Girlfriend At The Time on Fun Kids, every day after 7:30pm!
Plus Josh will be counting down his seven favourite songs in the Pop 7 at 7!


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Sustainable Chemistry
New value chains from renewable and circular resources
Process Transformation
Sustainable Land use
Sustainable Health
Energy markets & strategies
Optimisation of thermal energy systems
Interfaces for electrical storage
Circular economy strategies
Getting value out of waste
Product & process innovations
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Health monitoring technologies
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Software tools & models
VITO for SME
For investors / entrepreneurs
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NewsItems (EN) (menu position rule)
VITO employee in the spotlight: Brecht Vanlerberghe
Brecht Vanlerberghe (46) joined the Sustainable Chemistry unit at VITO last summer. He uses his experience in agri-food and biobased industry to help turn highly process-driven sectors, such as chemicals, more sustainable, aiming to bridge the gap that often separates originality and profitability. 'We have to try to be both relevant and original.'
You started your career at the Belgian company Aveve before moving to FrieslandCampina, then to French company Tereos, and then the Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant in Ghent, before joining VITO in May 2019. What do you see as the common thread in your career?
'I've worked in a range of industrial sectors, from the dairy and grain industries to the biobased sector. All these companies were collaborations driven by raw materials and I learned a lot about supply & value chains and, above all, how companies think. I always worked with product and process innovations, aiming to match the supply of raw materials with the current and, most importantly, future market demand. Over the years, my role systematically shifted from technical expert to manager. In Ghent, for example, I was responsible for R&D projects that were financed externally, and I had plenty of contact with VITO there. Now I'm on the other side and I'm convinced I can achieve more from my position within VITO. Here at VITO, one of the things I'm trying to do is ensure that the basic strategic research is directed at an economic purpose; our research must be picked up and valorised by Flemish industry.'
How do you balance process improvement with sustainability, which is an important aspect of the unit where you work?
'One way of making chemistry more sustainable and low-carbon is to reduce energy consumption for industrial processes and electrify them wherever possible. We can achieve the former through intensifying processes or making them milder, and the latter by powering the chemical processes using renewable resources.
We also need to move towards alternative raw materials. That could be recycled plastics or conventional biomass, or why not captured CO2, which is something whose use is now being heavily encouraged in Flanders as part of the Moonshot projects. VITO has been working on that for years now; for example, with its research into lignin from waste streams. At the end of the day, the combination of circular and biobased will have to replace the use of "virgin" fossil fuels wherever possible.'
You come from industry, which usually prioritises 'economic purpose'. How do you balance profit and return with research that is bold and risky?
'That's a gap that I've noticed at VITO as well: on the one hand, our assignment is to be original and creative with our research, which can result in patents and articles published in specialist journals – and that's nice. On the other hand, we also have to and want to be relevant for industry. Industry prefers to avoid risks and prioritises earning money, but most businesses have also grasped that consumers are finding sustainability increasingly important. I believe that ongoing process improvement goes hand in hand with sustainability, but disruptive innovation is also needed.
So, we have to be part visionary and continue to focus on improving sustainability, whilst also maintaining a focus on economic feasibility, and ensuring that we are making the right choices. If we can achieve that and reach a mature level of technology with corresponding value chains, then this will be picked up on by industry.'
Brecht Vanlerberghe
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Q: Вложенный import в python Прошу прощения за возможную очевидность, недавно серьезно изучаю Питон.
В целом разобрался с import, но остался наивный вопрос.
Есть главный модуль main, он импортирует numpy и пару вспомогательных:
import numpy
import func_1
import func_2

Но дело в том, что в func_1, func_2 также требуется numpy.
По наивности я думал, что достаточно импортировать numpy в главном модуле до импорта дочерних, и он туда как-бы подтянется. Понятно, я ошибался, и теперь импорт прописан в каждом модуле.
Но нельзя ли все же это сделать как-то экономнее?

A: Допустим, что это работало бы как вы предположили выше. А теперь представим себе, что вы пишите другую программу, где вы не используете numpy, но используете модуль func_1. Вы делаете импорт func_1 в главном модуле, запускаете main, и получаете ругань на непонимание что такое numpy. "Но постойте! Какой numpy? В главном модуле никакой numpy не используется, зачем я должен его импортировать?" - подумаете вы. И окажетесь правы. Вот почему всё необходимое для модуля должно импортироваться в самом модуле. Чтобы модуль был самодостаточен.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Selfie clears man facing 99 years in prison for crime he didn't commit
Posted 7:30 PM, November 15, 2018, by Tribune Media Wire
WILLIAMSON COUNTY, Texas – For once, a story about a selfie that helped someone rather than hurting them.
A Texas man was confused when police arrested him in September of last year, telling him he was accused of breaking into an ex-girlfriend's home, attacking her, and slashing an "X" into her chest with a box cutter.
When they told Cristopher Precopia the date of the alleged attack, however, he realized he had been out of town, about 65 miles away at a hotel with his mom and others. Photos were taken and posted to social media, including a selfie obtained by KVUE.
Nine months after his arrest, Precopia's lawyers took the evidence of his alibi to Bell County prosecutors, and the charge was dropped.
The felony charge, burglary of a habitation with the intent to commit other crimes, came with a possible prison term of 99 years. It's not clear what evidence the Temple Police Department had or thought they had, and police won't talk about their handling of the case.
Precopia's alibi evidence included time-stamped, geolocated photos, as well as sworn affidavits from people with him on the night in question.
"Most of the time, we deal with gray matters," says his attorney. "It's not normally black or white. But this is one of those cases where I could definitely prove he did not commit this offense."
(A study recently tallied the body count of selfies-turned-deadly.)
More From Newser:
Cops Thought He Killed His Parents. He Was Dead All Along
Here's What Scott Peterson Looks Like Now
'You're All Going to Die,' Cruz Laughs in Chilling Video
Filed in: Texas
Local Morning Dose Texas
Pamela Turner laid to rest as community awaits answers; calls for thorough investigation
Harris County DA files criminal charges against ITC
Local woman hosts tennis tournament in honor of husband who died from skin cancer
Retrial begins for former local high school football coach accused of murdering wife
'Hero' student knocked UNC Charlotte shooter off his feet and saved lives, police say
HPD officer indicted on felony assault charge


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Cheap flights from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International
Home Africa South Africa Cape Town Cape Town International Cheap flights from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International
J.A. Richardson Intl (YWG) to Cape Town International (CPT)
YWG - CPT
R12 750 - R33 298
R13 755
From J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International
What is the cheapest month to fly from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International?
May can be a great time to fly to Cape Town International from J.A. Richardson Intl with a flight ticket averaging about R1 980. Cheapflights users have found deals in the month of May for as cheap as R1 340. The most expensive prices can be found in the month of December.
J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International 2021 flight deals
Cheap flights to Cape Town International from J.A. Richardson Intl found for this year
R13 283pp
YWG
Cape Town Intl
Useful info, stats and facts about J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International flights.
Can I find flights from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International for under R13 709 on Cheapflights?
Yes, there are multiple flights from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International for under R13 709. The cheapest flight booked recently is on KLM for just R13 283, but on average you can expect to pay R17 136.
Are there direct flights from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International for under R13 709 on Cheapflights?
There are no direct flights from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International, but Cheapflights can provide you with all the information you need to find the fastest route with the fewest stops.
Does it rain more in Winnipeg or Cape Town?
When travelling, it's generally smart to pack in preparation for rain or any other conditions that may arise. The rainfall in Winnipeg is roughly greater than that of Cape Town. You can assume this to be the case over the next 15 days.
Is Winnipeg weather warmer or cooler than Cape Town?
Expect the weather to be around 29 °C on average in February. As the temperature peaks, try to get your plans done early, as flight price and availability will have an impact on your travels. The climate in Cape Town is generally hotter than in Winnipeg.
How long does is the flight from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International?
Airlines like KLM fly from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International in about 26h 20m. The time it takes to get you to your destination can typically vary by up to .
What is the cheapest airline to fly from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International return?
Flying on KLM is currently your cheapest option to Cape Town International, with prices starting at R13 283. KLM is 25% cheaper than the average price of flights available within the next 90 days to this destination.
Flights to Cape Town International from J.A. Richardson Intl
Flights to J.A. Richardson Intl Flights to Cape Town International
Destination information for Cape Town International
Things to know before you go. Useful info for your trip from J.A. Richardson Intl to Cape Town International
R1 = R1,00
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Flights from J.A. Richardson Intl to OR Tambo


Daoism or Taoism is a tradition of Chinese origin emerged as a religious and philosophical system at about the same time as Confucianism , around the 6th–5th century BCE. It emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao or Dao (A Chinese word that signifies "the way" or "the path". Tao is the natural order of the universe that underlies everything from the creation of galaxies to the interaction of human beings.) Later, with the growing popularity of Buddhism, Daoism acquired all the trappings of a religion.
The "Eight Immortals" were the central figures of Daoist myth. They were a group of legendary xian (immortals) in Chinese mythology. Each of them were able to bestow life or destroy evil. These legendary beings have been part of Chinese oral history long before they were recorded in the works of writers of various dynasties – Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming.
They had all gained eternal life through seeking the Daoist way. Though they were not gods, their immortality gave them superhuman powers. Each Immortal's power can be transferred to a tool and they would bring health, prosperity and good fortune to individuals and set an example of ideal behavior that could be followed by ordinary people to gain wisdom in life. They were said to live on a group of five islands in the Bohai Sea, which includes Mount Penglai. They were cheerfully addicted to wine. So they were sometimes described as the "Eight Drunken Immortals".
He Xian'gu was the immortal woman and was the patron of unmarried girls. At birth, she had six long hairs on the crown of her head. She acquired her immortality when a divine spirit appeared to her in a dream and instructed her to grind and eat a mother-of-pearl stone. During the Jinglong era (707–710 CE) in the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang dynasty, she gained her immortality and ascended to Heaven in broad daylight.
She is usually shown carrying a peach or a lotus blossom and sometimes she is depicted with the musical instrument known as sheng, or a fenghuang (mythological birds that reign over all other birds) to accompany her.
Cao Guojiu is believed to be a descendant of Cao Bin, a general of the early Song dynasty (an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279), and a younger brother of Empress Cao, the wife of Emperor Renzong of the Song dynasty. His name translates literally as "Imperial Brother-in-Law Cao".
By being ashamed of his younger brother's misconduct he gave up his official career and went to the countryside to lead a reclusive life and seek the Daoist way and there he met the immortals Zhongli Quan and Lü Dongbin, who taught him Taoist magical arts. After many years of practice and cultivation to Taoist principles he went beyond the human condition and become an immortal. As an immortal, Cao Guojiu was the patron of nobility.
Li Tieguai was the first immortal among the Eight Immortals in the Taoist pantheon. He had a reputation of being irascible and ill-tempered but was seen as benevolent towards the poor, sick and those in need.
Because of his great skill in magic, Li Tieguai was able to free his soul from his body. Once, while his soul was visiting a sacred mountain, one of his disciples thought he was dead and decided to prematurely cremate his body. So, as his own body was no longer available to him, his soul had to inhabit in a body of a beggar. Li came to be regarded as the patron of pharmacists.
Lan Caihe was either a girl or a effeminate man. He was depicted as a youth, an aged man, or a girl. Lan was said to have wandered the streets as a beggar while singing about the brevity of mortal life. It was believed that She/he gained her/his immortality by kindness in attending to the needs of filthy beggar. The beggar turned out to be Li Tieguai. Even though some believes that Lan Caihe became an Immortal by being transferred 500 years of magical powers by Sun Wukong or the Monkey King. It is believed that Lan Caihe was the patron of the poor.
Lü Dongbin was a Tang Dynasty Chinese scholar and poet. He was considered The chief leader of the Eight Immortals and one of the most widely known of the group of deities. One story relates that early on after becoming immortal, he had a strong temper as a "young" immortal.
Lü Dongbin's birthday is said to be on the fourteenth day of the fourth month of the Chinese calendar. When he was born the room was magically filled with a sweet fragrance. He is often depicted carrying a magical sword on his back that he used to banish evil with. Chinese scholars regarded Lü Dongbin as the guardian of the ink makers.
Han Xiangzi was a disciple of Lü Dongbin and was believed to be the great-nephew of a Doaist-philosopher, poet and politician Han Yu. Han Xiangzi is often depicted carrying a dizi (Chinese flute). He was believed to have composed a piece of music called Tian Hua Yin. During the sea voyage of the "Eight immortals", Ao Bing, son of the "Dragon king of the Eastern Sea", tried to steal the dizi and take Han Xiangzi as his prisoner. So there was a great battle between the immortals and Ao Bing which the immortals were naturally victorious. Han Xiangzi was regarded as the patron deity of flutists.
Zhang Guolao is believed to be a real historical figure. His existence is said to have begun around the middle or end of the 7th century, and ended approximately in the middle of the 8th. The epithet Lao at the end of his name indicates the he was old.
Zhang Guo used to ride a white mule that could go incredible distances and then be folded up and placed in a bag. He was a great necromancer and his mule had extraordinary powers. Zhang was the most eccentric of the Eight Immortals who was seen clearly in the style of Chinese martial arts dedicated to his memory. He was known to be quite entertaining, often making himself invisible, drinking water from the petals of poisonous flowers, snatching birds in flight from the sky, as well as wilting flowers simply by pointing in their direction. Zhang Guo would grant both happy marriage and the gift of children.
Zhongli Quan learnt the way of Daoism from Li Tieguai, then disappeared into the clouds and achieved the immortality and became the messenger of the heaven. He was believed to wield a large fan which can resurrect the dead and transform stones into silver or gold.
Zhongli was sometimes shown holding a peach. The peaches of Xi Wang Mu. The immortals would eat them to renew their immortality. He is represented as a Fat Man with his bare belly showing.
I am surprised to read these interesting legends. Thanks for sharing!
I've never heard of it before now.
I used to do Taoist Tai Chi for several years but did not know of these immortals. Thank you for educating me!
You're welcome! Thank you for reading.
Interesting number. Immortals among mortals.


This just in: The birds at our birdfeeder are retarded.
Posted on January 2, 2009 | Comments Off on This just in: The birds at our birdfeeder are retarded.
1. Assemble in branches of fir tree adjacent to feeder.
2. Swoop down en masse and lustily attack the feeder and often each other for about 5 seconds.
3. Get startled by the, um, NOTHING that is walking by, and feverishly flock back to the safety of the fir branches. For another 5 seconds.
4. Remember, hey! There's food down there! For free! We should look into that!
5. Repeat steps 2-4 ad infinitum.
It is seriously giving the cat whiplash. Not being much of a bird person, I'm sure there could be some rational explanation for this, you'll excuse the pun, flighty behavior, but for the life of me I can't figure out what it would be.


Type of trauma can be considered as a factor determining the incidence and severity of root resorption in developing dentition. Avulsion of permanent teeth is one of the most serious dental injuries and the prognosis is dependent on the duration of extra-alveolar time, the mode of transportation of avulsed tooth, and the presence of viable periodontal (PDL) cells on the root surface before replantation. External root resorption was most frequently associated with intrusive luxation (92.8%) followed by avulsion (89.0%), lateral luxation (80.2%), and extrusive luxation (77.4%). Replacement resorption was observed more frequently in cases of reimplantation following avulsion (87.2%). Resorption can be diagnosed more accurately at least 3 weeks after trauma. Regarding external root resorption, the incidence of surface root resorption was 13.3%, that of inflammatory root resorption was 23.2%, and that of replacement root resorption was 51%. The incidence of root resorption after avulsion and replantation in descending order was reported as replacement root resorption > inflammatory root resorption > surface root resorption > internal root resorption. Parent compulsion is the reason for delayed replantation after avulsion of teeth in most of the cases, even though a poor prognosis is explained to them as per the guidelines given by International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT).
Delayed replantation of avulsed incisors is followed by ankylosis of the tooth. The progression of the disease process postankylosis in human subjects leading to inflammatory and replacement resorption had been rarely discussed in the literature. The present case series discussed the long-term prognosis of five cases of delayed replantation of avulsed incisors, which were replanted after prolonged dry, extra-alveolar time (more than 24 h). In this case series, no efforts were made to use any agent for root surface treatment before replantation. The survival of reimplanted incisors after a follow-up of 24–36 months was also evaluated. The review focuses on various patterns of external root resorption, alveolar bone resorption, and its significance for future prosthetic and implant restorations.
Children with avulsion of permanent maxillary incisors were randomly included in the case series. In all the cases, there was a delay of more than 24 h in reporting and seeking treatment. Written consent from each patient as well as parent was obtained before the beginning of treatment. The available treatment options were explained to the patient and parents with the possible treatment outcome before the teeth were replanted. The avulsed teeth were debrided with normal saline solution and disinfected. No root surface treatment was carried out before replantation. Extraoral endodontic therapy was carried out on all replanted teeth except in Case I. Immobilization was performed by an acid-etched composite splint for 4 weeks except in Case II. The replanted teeth were followed up to a cumulative period of 24–36 months and the resorption patterns were evaluated by intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPA's). All replanted teeth were mobile after approximately 24–36 months and indicated for extraction.
A 14-year-old boy had reported with avulsion of 11 and severe extrusive luxation of 21. No endodontic therapy was initiated before reimplantation, due to poor patient compliance. The patient reported after 2 years with mobility of both the teeth and sinus openings in the labial vestibule. IOPA showed a radiolucency involving 11, 21 indicating severe resorption of both the roots representing "inflammatory resorption" [Figure 1].
A 9-year-old boy had reported with avulsion of 11 2 years ago. The teeth were reimplanted and splinted with an arch bar for 4 weeks. The patient reported after 5 months for splint removal. Orthopantomogram showed a radiolucency involving 11 indicating severe resorption of the root representing "inflammatory resorption" [Figure 2]. After 2 years, mobility was found with 11.
A 10-year–old boy had reported with avulsion of 11 due to a traumatic episode. After 2 years of follow-up after reimplantation, the tooth was found to be discolored and clinically mobile. IOPA revealed complete loss of root, which was replaced by bone indicating classical "replacement resorption" [Figure 3].
A 12-year-old boy had reported with avulsion of 11 and luxation of 12. After 2 years of follow-up after reimplantation 12 was fractured at the cervical level and 11 was clinically mobile. However, the gingiva was healthy, but tooth was discolored. A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)–maxilla was advised to evaluate the roots and periapical alveolar bone for the future prosthesis. CBCT revealed that the entire root of 11 was replaced by bone indicating, "replacement resorption" [Figure 4].
A 12-year–old boy had reported with avulsion of 11 and 21. After 2 years of follow-up after reimplantation, both the teeth became mobile, the gingiva was healthy in relation to 21, but a pinkish discoloration was evident over 11. IOPA revealed that the entire root space of 11 and 21 was replaced by bone indicating "replacement resorption" [Figure 5]. Both the teeth were extracted. [Figure 6].
A comprehensive review of previous studies in the literature on replacement resorption has been discussed in [Table 1] and the newer methods to delay the process of replacement resorption have been discussed in [Table 2].
Reimplantation of avulsed incisors after a considerable delay of more than 60 min has a compromised prognosis. However, it is often attempted, even when the delay is more than 12–24 h. Parent compulsion is the reason behind most of the cases, as it fulfills the esthetic requirement of the growing child, thereby fulfilling the psychological needs of the child. A well-known phenomenon is the sequelae of delayed replantation, that is, ankylosis followed by external root resorption. External inflammatory resorption and replacement resorption are complicating factors that may result from traumatic dental injuries when the tooth is luxated or avulsed and replanted. Root resorption is physiologic in deciduous teeth but is considered to be pathological in permanent teeth. The association between pulp necrosis and external root resorption has been known for many years. Elimination of infection and prevention of pulp necrosis during replantation represent the best means of preventing inflammatory root resorption. In Case I, pulp was not eliminated, as no endodontic therapy was initiated, hence inflammatory root resorption was evident after 2 years of follow-up.
In avulsion, damage to PDL is more severe, hence replacement resorption is evident in most of the cases. Replacement resorption leads to fusion of tooth root with adjacent alveolar bone. Ankylosis of teeth following traumatic injuries occurs when osteoclasts originating from the surrounding alveolar bone are immediately followed by osteoblasts and reach the root surface after crossing the damaged PDL and precementum. In older children, this process produces bony replacement of the root cementum and root dentin, that is, replacement resorption eventually results in loss of the crown either spontaneously or by surgical intervention. In the Cases III and IV and V, similar types of replacement resorption were evident, hence these replanted teeth were extracted subsequently. Healing of PDL ligament and long-term prognosis of replanted avulsed teeth should rely on several factors including length of extraoral dry time and type of the storage medium. When the total extra-alveolar time interval from injury to the replantation of avulsed tooth is too long, the PDL and pulp are to be considered as necrotic. Dehydration, PDL cellular vitality, and mechanical trauma all affect the prognosis of a replanted tooth. PDL vitality is the primary factor in the prevention of ankylosis.
Replacement resorption leads to fusion of tooth root with adjacent alveolar bone, that is, ankylosis. Ankylosis of teeth following traumatic injuries occurs when osteoclasts originating from the surrounding alveolar bone and subsequently followed by osteoblasts, reach the root surface after crossing the damaged PDL and precementum. The progression and rate of replacement resorption are variable and depends on age, basal metabolic rate, extra-alveolar time, root surface treatment before replantation, amount of root dentin, severity of trauma, and extent of PDL necrosis. It has been reported that replacement resorption is 16 times more probable in replanted teeth when related to mobility impairment. The longer the period before replantation, the higher the chance of development of replacement resorption. Absence of PDL can stimulate bone cells to form new tissue, remodeling the traumatized area. In delayed replantation, healing occurs by repair rather than by regeneration. In the present case series, Cases II, III, and IV had shown healing by repair. In children who have not achieved skeletal maturity, replacement resorption leads to progressive infraocclusion, especially during the adolescent growth spurt. Adolescents and their parents often do not want to have these incisors extracted, even though the alveolar and gingival architecture becomes increasingly distorted with growth.
Heithersay GS suggested that time is a critical factor in successful replantation. Endodontic therapy is performed before replantation if there is a delay of more than 2 h and in cases, where apex formation is complete it should be commenced within 10 days after replantation. According to the guidelines given by IADT, if the extra-alveolar dry time is more than 60 min before replantation, as in the current case series, extraoral root canal treatment can be carried out before replantation. Replacement resorption occurred early and rapidly, where extraoral endodontic therapy was performed as in Case III, IV, and V of the current case series.
The evidence appears to be inconclusive to confirm any association between short-term splinting and increased likelihood of functional PDL healing or decreased incidence of replacement resorption. Hence, it is recommended that dentists continue to use the currently-recommended splinting periods when replanting avulsed permanent teeth. Hence, in the current case series, acid-etch composite splint for 4 weeks had been carried out in all the cases, as per the IADT guidelines.
Mine et al. demonstrated that ankylosis following a tooth reimplantation may be prevented by applying occlusal forces on the tooth at a later date to stimulate PDL regeneration. Healthy tooth–PDL bone structures can be achieved with basic fibroblastic growth factor combined with occlusal forces, which ultimately enhance the production of the growth factor. However, in the present cases, no attempt was made to apply any root surface agents before replantation, as the immediate availability of various agents is not possible in all clinical settings.
According to Panzarini et al., when there are no PDL remnants and root contamination is under control, replacement resorption, and ankylosis are the best results followed. Although these events will end up leading to tooth loss, this will happen slowly without any loss of alveolar ridge height, which is considered important for future prosthesis planning. Hence, in the present case series, tooth replantation is done, even after a prolonged delay to prevent loss of alveolar ridge height. Tsukiboshi and Tsukiboshi have described the morphological changes in the alveolar bone after delayed replantation of avulsed teeth using three-dimensional CBCT in a central incisor after 9 years of follow-up and concluded that resorption is delayed or arrested around the cervical area superior to alveolar crest. The buccal bone is reduced in thickness but not the palatal bone, which is evident in Case IV and Case V of the present case series. Thus, the buccal profile of alveolar bone in the maxillary anterior region following reimplantation of an incisor depends on the presence of the viable PDL of avulsed tooth.
Evaluation of buccal alveolar bone in maxillary anterior and premolar region can be discerned by using CBCT. Maxillary anterior teeth should display buccal alveolar bone thickness >1 mm for implant prosthesis. In an 8-year long-term follow-up of a replant case, it was concluded that a similar treatment technique, as reported in the present case series, maintained height of alveolar bone, during the adolescent period, thereby making the provision for an esthetically acceptable permanent restoration at a later age. Hence, in all the cases in the present series, a uniform bone preservation is expected before extraction of the mobile crown favoring the prosthodontic replacements. However, rapid loss of labial alveolar bone is observed in almost all the cases within 3 months of postextraction.
In the present case series, extractions were performed due to other compulsions, such as mobility of crown, discoloration, functional loss, and compromised esthetics. The bone loss pattern observed after extraction was similar to that explained by Tsukiboshi and Tsukiboshi, that is, there was a rapid buccal alveolar bone loss, which made the possibility of an implant prosthesis very challenging.
Although there is a prolonged extraoral time, tooth replantation is essential to provide esthetic appearance for a young adolescent in the interim phase of growth to boost his/her self-esteem. In spite of delay, replantation succeeds in maintaining the buccal and palatal alveolar bone dimensions for the future implant prosthesis.
We thank the postgraduate students of our department for helping in the clinical cases and maintain the radiographs of all the patients. The current paper was presented as a poster on July 3, 2015 at the 25th Congress of the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry (IAPD) held at Glasgow, Scotland, UK from July 1 to 4, 2015. The abstract for the poster is published in the Conference special supplement of International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. Volume 25, Issue Supplement s1, Pages 1-263, July 2015.
Souza BD, Dutra KL, Kuntze MM, Bortoluzzi EA, Flores-Mir C, Reyes-Carmona J, et al. Incidence of root resorption after the replantation of avulsed teeth: A meta-analysis. J Endod 2018;44:1216-27.
Finucane D, Kinirons MJ. External inflammatory and replacement resorption of luxated, and avulsed replanted permanent incisors: A review and case presentation. Dent Traumatol 2003;19:170-4.
Bakland LK. Root resorption. Dent Clin North Am 1992;36:491-507.
Kenny DJ, Barrett EJ, Casas MJ. Avulsions and intrusions: The controversial displacement injuries. J Can Dent Assoc 2003;69:308-13.
Seshima F, Ota M, Kinumatsu T, Shibukawa Y, Yamada S. Effect of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor on reimplanted teeth in beagle dogs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:142-8.
Lindskog S, Pierce AM, Blomlof L, Hammarstrom L. The role of the necrotic periodontal membrane in cementum resorption and ankylosis. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:96-101.
Sapir S, Shapira J. Decoronation for the management of an ankylosed young permanent tooth. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:131-5.
Kinirons MJ, Gregg TA, Welbury RR, Cole BO. Variations in the presenting and treatment features in reimplanted permanent incisors in children and their effect on the prevalence of root resorption. Br Dent J 2000;189:263-6.
Heithersay GS. Replantation of avulsed teeth. A review. Aust Dent J 1975;20:63-72.
Evans D. Splinting duration for replanted avulsed teeth. Evid Based Dent 2009;10:104.
Mine K, Kanno Z, Muramoto T, Soma K. Occlusal forces promote periodontal healing of transplanted teeth and prevent dentoalveolar ankylosis: An experimental study in rats. Angle Orthod 2005;75:637-44.
Sonmez AB, Castelnuovo J. Applications of basic fibroblastic growth factor (FGF-2, bFGF) in dentistry. Dent Traumatol 2014;30:107-11.
Panzarini SR, Gulinelli JL, Poi WR, Sonoda CK, Pedrini D, Brandini DA. Treatment of root surface in delayed tooth replantation: A review of literature. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:277-82.
Tsukiboshi M, Tsukiboshi T. Bone morphology after delayed tooth replantation – Case series. Dent Traumatol 2014;30:477-83.
Vera C, De Kok IJ, Reinhold D, Limpiphipatanakorn P, Yap AK, Tyndall D, et al. Evaluation of buccal alveolar bone dimension of maxillary anterior and premolar teeth: A cone beam computed tomography investigation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2012;27:1514-9.
Díaz JA, Sandoval HP, Pineda PI, Junod PA. Conservative treatment of an ankylosed tooth after delayed replantation: A case report. Dent Traumatol 2007;23:313-7.
Sonoda CK, Poi WR, Panzarini SR, Sottovia AD, Okamoto T. Tooth replantation after keeping the avulsed tooth in oral environment: Case report of a 3-year follow-up. Dent Traumatol 2008;24:373-6.
Koca H, Topaloglu-Ak A, Sütekin E, Koca O, Acar S. Delayed replantation of an avulsed tooth after 5 hours of storage in saliva: A case report. Dent Traumatol 2010;26:370-3.
Sardana D, Goyal A, Gauba K. Delayed replantation of avulsed tooth with 15-hours extra-oral time: 3-year follow-up. Singapore Dent J 2014;35:71-6.
Ines K, Nabiha D. Delayed tooth replantation after traumatic avulsion resulting in complete root resorption. J Pediatr Dent 2016;4:18-23.
Carvalho ED, Rosa RH, Pereira FM, Anbinder AL, Mello I, Habitante SM, et al. Effects of diode laser irradiation and fibroblast growth factor on periodontal healing of replanted teeth after extended extra-oral dry time. Dent Traumatol 2017;33:91-9.
Priya MH, Tambakad PB, Naidu J. Pulp and periodontal regeneration of an avulsed permanent mature incisor using platelet-rich plasma after delayed replantation: A 12-month clinical case study. J Endod 2016;42:66-71.
Tuna EB, Arai K, Tekkesin MS, Seymen F, Gencay K, Kuboyama N, et al. Effect of fibroblast growth factor and enamel matrix derivative treatment on root resorption after delayed replantation. Dent Traumatol 2015;31:49-56.


In May we won funding form the Oxford Funding Network to bring Playing Out to Oxford. Already started working with our 'seed' streets and will be running workshops alongside 'seed' Playing Out sessions from September. Great interest/response so far.
3rd August is National Playday, celebrating children's right to play, and Bristol has chosen to make it all about street play. 5 streets 'signed up' so far to do playing out on the day, despite being in the school holidays!
We're very happy to see that the idea of Playing Out is catching on and people are using the website and a bit of our advice to get on with it themselves. A street in London (Devonshire Rd in Camden) organised a Playing Out session recently and announced it "a resounding success". The Facebook group (our current 'network' home) now has over 180 members – please join to share your thoughts/experiences.
Amy and Alice were invited to talk about the project at this newly launched event. See the 8-minute talk here.
This month over 45 people (residents and playworkers) have participated in our workshops around Bristol and at the SouthWest Play Celebration in Gloucester. Several have already started the ball rolling in their streets.
Could this be the start of a movement?


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