text:
Clean Rooms are Starting to Tackle their Interoperability Problem
Tim Cross 18 July, 2022
Amongst the mass of privacy-first targeting and measurement solutions which have been vying for attention over the past two years, data clean rooms have stood out as some of the most promising.
Clean rooms allow multiple parties to combine, match, and activate based on their first-party data sets, without any of those parties getting a look at anyone else's data. They offer a genuinely different way of using data in advertising; there's debate over how many 'post-cookie' solutions will survive the coming wave of privacy regulation, but data clean rooms seem to truly live up to their privacy-first rhetoric.
But as with most jargon in ad tech, 'clean room' is something of an umbrella term, covering a range of subtly different technologies (or perhaps not so subtly in some cases, as tech companies slap a 'clean room' sticker on their products to capitalise on the current interest).
Inevitably, this means there's a lack of interoperability between vendors, especially since many of these products are still quite young. And interoperability is a significant issue for tools which are specifically designed to facilitate easy collaboration.
A proliferation of integrations
As mentioned above, clean rooms are designed to allow data collaboration, without compromising data privacy.
A basic example would be where one publisher and one advertiser want to combine their first party data sets for a new campaign. Maybe the advertiser wants to target existing customers with an ad for its newest product.
In this case, both the publisher and the advertiser upload their first-party data sets into the clean room environment. Within the clean room, the two can then work together to match up data sets, target users, and report on the campaign. But crucially, the publisher never sees the advertiser's data, and the advertiser never sees the publisher's data. So far, so simple.
Problems emerge as each publisher and agency tries to run similar collaborations with different partners, each of whom may already have their own preferred clean room vendor. Integrating with one clean room isn't too much of a hassle for an agency. Integrating with twenty different bespoke clean room setups for twenty different publishers and broadcasters is a bit of a headache.
Interoperability would solve this problem, but currently "there isn't much established interoperability between platforms at all," according to Vlad Stesin, co-founder and CSO at clean room provider Optable.
But that is starting to change, thanks to a mix of individual efforts and industry-level initiatives.
Don't keep customers locked in
For individual clean room providers, there are actually incentives to open up access for other clean rooms, and to not simply keep their customers locked into their own tools. Clean rooms, while powerful, take time to scale given the nature of the collaboration they facilitate.
Taking a more open approach helps solve this problem. Optable's Stesin says interoperability has been a big focus for his own company. "I have to say that Optable's emphasis on interoperability has created quite a bit of interest from other software vendors," said Stesin.
Optable has taken a few approaches. One has been the launch of 'Flash Nodes', which let publishers invite any number of brands to their data clean rooms, without those brands having to be Optable customers.
"Another component of our interoperable approach includes our open-source implementation of a cryptographically secure matching protocol," said Stesin. "Any third party that wants to compare data with an Optable customer can use this utility to do so in a secure fashion. Given that the utility is open-source, anyone can vet the legitimacy and security of our approach."
Stesin added that he expects other providers to follow suit. "As this segment of the ecosystem matures, we expect other vendors to adopt similar approaches in order to make sure that their customers aren't "locked in" and limited by the deployment scale of these vendors," he said. "The goal is to enable secure, privacy-preserving data collaboration no matter who uses which vendor – and do so while minimising data movement."
Cutting out the manual labour
Progress is also being made at the industry level, namely through IAB Tech Lab's work on standards for 'privacy enhancing technologies' – PETs for short.
Benjamin Dick, senior director of product at IAB Tech Lab, said that clean room interoperability is a priority for the second half of 2022.
"Based on what we're hearing from the market, the initial focus of this work is to establish consistent data structures for clean room inputs and outputs," said Dick. "For example, if two organisations have different clean room partners that they'd like to work together, these standards should reduce a lot of manual work involved in preparing data for ingestion, while also making the resulting computation easier to work with."
Dick says that once this basic work is done, he expects further evolution to support more complex activations and use cases. "Given the increasing role that clean rooms will play in how data sets are joined to support purpose-limited targeting, measurement, and attribution – and the need for these use cases to be handled at increasingly faster intervals – we expect this work to evolve from basic use cases to more complex applications to support speed of activation," he added.
So progress is being made. Nonetheless, progress may not be as quick as some would like – and there will inevitably be limits to how interoperable different solutions are.
For a start, interoperability must be handled carefully. The core premise of a clean room is that data isn't passed freely between different partners, and movement of data is minimised. So any specifications which enable clean rooms to talk with each other have to ensure that no data is leaked in the progress. If this isn't the case, clean rooms' privacy credentials start to fall apart.
And IAB Tech Lab's Benjamin Dick added that there are limits to how interoperable clean rooms will ever be.
"Marketplace competition will always produce efforts to build competitive advantage via proprietary features and product designs. As such, there's rarely perfect interoperability in a competitive marketplace, even with the most established technical standards/protocols like Open RTB," said Dick.
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Tim Cross2022-07-18T13:33:10+01:00
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About the Author: Tim Cross
Tim Cross is Assistant Editor at VideoWeek.
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Dritz 3231 Quilting Hexagon Paper Piecing (100 Pack), 1.5"
UNIQUE SLOTS on the TRIMMER - The unique edge slots allow for TRIMMING OF DOG EARS at the same time you trim the non-stitched edges of your half-square triangle. Trimming dog ears makes the assembly of quilt pieces more accurate and results in less bulk in the finished quilt.
EASY, EFFICIENT and ACCURATE method to trim and square-up half-square triangles. Align the seam of an unpressed half square triangle with dashed lines on this quilting template then trim all four sides with easy strokes of the rotary cutter. No need to rotate fabric to realign. Makes cutting quilt pieces go faster. Makes the assembly of quilt pieces more accurate and with less bulk in your finished quilt.
Brand: EZQuilting | Manufacturer: Simplicity Creative Corp.
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Cut Loose Press patterns are printed on 8-1/2 x 11, card stock, with 3-ring binder holes already punched.
Pattern will be shipped in Heavy Weight non-Glare 3-Ring binder sheet protector.
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To determine your size, all you need to do is lower your foot and then measure the height of the different thickness of templates for Domestic machines based on shank height. The refers to the diameter of the foot. This results in a stitch line that is always a from the needle. call 1-800-401-8151 and speak to one of our Expert Sewing Consultants to confirm.
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7 inch and 3.5 inch Drunkards Path Quilting template set. There is a 1/4 inch seam allowance around the template and holes at the corners to easily mark the seam allowance. Perfect for a patchwork or beginners quilt. Many tutorials can be found online for the drunkard path template. They are made of 1/8" Clear Acrylic. We can make any color and size template, please message us for a quote. These acrylic pattern templates are cut on a laser cutter, they are new but may have minor scratches from transportation and shipping. Cutting wheel, cutting mat, and ruler not included. Words engraved on templates may vary.
4", 3", 2", 1" Hexagon Quilting template set. There is a 1/4 inch seam allowance around the template and holes at the corners to easily mark the seam allowance. They are made of 1/8" Clear Acrylic. We can make any color and size template, please message us for a quote. We measure hexagons from point to point, most quilters measure a single side of the hexagon. For example the 1" hexagon listed here has sides that are 0.5" in length. So most quilters would call these hexagons 2", 1.5", 1", and 0.5" hexagons. These acrylic templates are cut on a laser cutter, they are new but may have minor scratches from transportation and shipping. Cutting wheel, cutting mat, and ruler not included. Words engraved on templates may vary.
4", 3", 2", 1" Hexagon Quilting template set.
A must have tool if you are making Flying Geese units for your quilt. This tool, and the associated Fast Flying Geese construction technique, allow you to make four finished units from five squares. The best part is that each unit is constructed slightly oversized so each can be trimmed to a perfect size with perfect seam placement once the sewing and pressing are complete by using the Wing Clipper tool.
Item # DT07 Ruler size - 5 " x 10 "
Note all sizes on this ruler are based on heights that finish to or whole inch.
Creative Grids Grip ensures the tool doesn't slip while quilting. Shape allows you to keep control, helping prevent broken needles and crooked lines.
Made with 1/4in thick high-grade acrylic that is perfect for both longarm and home sewing machines. Black and white dashed guide lines are visible on all fabric colors.
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Elvira is quite handy when quilting wavy lines or continuous curve lines. It can quilt multiple arcs in multiple directions without rotating your quilt (or working from the back of your foot)!
Fast - accurate Triangles can now be cut from the same strips used for squares. Designed with 1/4in seam allowance.
Simplicity Circle Quilting Ruler and Quilting Template, 12" x 8.2"
EZ Quilting Circle Cut Acrylic Tool. Cuts circles from 2-inch to 10-inch. Use in Quilting, Sewing, Crafting, and Scrapbooking.
4", 3", 2", 1" Triangle Quilting template set. There is a 1/4 inch seam allowance around the template and holes at the corners to easily mark the seam allowance. They are made of 1/8" Clear Acrylic. We can make any color and size template, please message us for a quote. These acrylic templates are cut on a laser cutter, they are new but may have minor scratches from transportation and shipping. Cutting wheel, cutting mat, and ruler not included. Words engraved on templates may vary.
4", 3", 2", 1" Triangle Quilting template set.
Easy pattern with straight seams that look curvy. Requires only 1 pack of 10"x10" OR 2 packs of 5"x5" squares. Complete instructions included.
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Cuts easily with scissors or craft knife. Edges will not fray or curl.
Each Sheet 12 inches by 18 inches.
3", 2", and 1.5" Drunkards Path Quilting template set. There is a 1/4 inch seam allowance around the template and holes at the corners to easily mark the seam allowance. Perfect for a patchwork or beginners quilt. Many tutorials can be found online for the drunkard path template. They are made of 1/8" Clear Acrylic. We can make any color and size template, please message us for a quote. These acrylic pattern templates are cut on a laser cutter, they are new but may have minor scratches from transportation and shipping. Cutting wheel, cutting mat, scissors, and ruler not included. Words engraved on templates may vary.
Condition: top quality, smooth, well polishing.
Size:about 12~110mm wide, 16~110mm long; 54pcs/set.
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Creative Grids Cat's Cradle Tool Quilt Rulers makes a quilt block that looks complicated easy enough.
Each ruler comes with fully illustrated step by step instructions or scan the QR Code printed on the ruler to view a video demonstration.
Use the Cat's Cradle to create 6 sizes from 1-1/2 to 4 inch finished blocks. Use the Cat's Cradle XL to create 8 different sizes, ranging from 4-1/2 to 8 finished blocks. The cutting requirements for each is printed right on the ruler.
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Ideal for ruler foot quilting on your home machine!


text:
Grants Data Sheet
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Submission approval: All grant and contract applications must have the required institution approval prior to submission to an external sponsor. The required institution approval process is the External Grant Form. Please contact either Carol Buckels at [email protected] or Sidney Johnston at [email protected] in the Grants Office before proceeding with the form.
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This applies to all agreements unless the funding agency has stated a policy of either not accepting these costs or restricting the rate. The effective period for the agreement between Stetson University and the US Department of Health and Human Services extends from 7/1/2022 to 6/30/2026 (signed agreement available in the Grants Office). The on-campus indirect cost rate is 46.10%, and the off-campus indirect cost rate is 16.60%.
Fringe Benefit Rates:
37% full-time salary support
9% part-time salary support and summer stipend support
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To obtain a copy of Stetson University's 501(c)(3) certificate, please contact [email protected].
Stetson Single Audit (22 UG Report)
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Inquiries regarding compliance with these statutes, and referrals to designated coordinators under the ADA/Section 504, Title IX, and the Age Discrimination Act may be directed to the Dean of Students, 421 N. Woodland Blvd., DeLand, Fl 32723, 386-822‐7200 for the DeLand campus, and to the Associate Dean for Academics, 1401 61st Street South, Gulfport, FL 33707, 727‐562‐7809 for the Gulfport and Tampa campuses, or to the Director of the Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20202‐1100, 800-421-3481, TDD: 877-521‐2172. Revised and adopted as University‐wide policy statement by the Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees on June 6, 2011.
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Notice of awards and all supplementary information should be forwarded to the Office of Grants and Sponsored Research for issuing of a fund number and budget setup. Contact Sarah Kersey (Asst. Director for Post Award) [email protected] for additional information.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As Park Lawn grows, so does the expense of providing quality service and programs. It is with the help and support of friends that we CAN truly make a difference in the lives of the children and adults enrolled in Park Lawn.
Each of the activities listed is important in its own merit. Please take the time to consider this list and let us know which activities you may be interested in doing.
Click here to complete the Volunteer Form.
If you are interested in learning more about volunteer opportunities at Park Lawn, complete the Volunteer Form and you will be contacted soon. Thank you for your interest in our organization!
Throughout the year we need people who are willing to help with special tagging events. We need people who are willing to be a Location Coordinator(s) to recruit volunteers, set up the location, and supervise volunteers. Taggers are needed at storefronts and street corners. A safety vest, donation bucket and candy to hand out are provided.
Volunteers are needed for registration on events such at the Golf Invitational and our Motorcycle Run. Also at these events volunteers are needed to perform various duties such as monitoring check points, selling T-shirts, distributing refreshments, and hole in one monitors.
Many of the events that happen throughout the year require volunteers to assist with the set-up and the clean up.
Park Lawn attends community, business and legislation expos. Volunteers are needed to monitor the booth and distribute materials.
Multiple opportunities including filing, phone work and computer data entry.
Volunteers are asked to solicit businesses, corporations and individuals for their support through monetary donations, purchasing an ad for souvenir program booklets or donating gifts or services. We also need people to seek sponsorship for the annual golf tournament.
Volunteers are asked to package baskets with pre-collected materials for Park Lawn's signature auction. Baskets are also packaged for local chamber functions and other special events throughout the year.
Volunteers are needed to assist with large mailings. Preparing materials, stuffing envelopes and sorting by zip code.


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About JP Trett Ltd
JP Trett are a leading recruiter to the agricultural industry, with over 100 years of Farming, Agricultural and Recruitment experience. Specialising in mid-senior level Sales, Marketing, Professional Services, Operations, Strategy and Management with a growing sector of very niche Engineering, Health and Research sectors. If it is related to Agriculture or the environment we have solutions.
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If you're looking to help yourself or someone you love struggling with drinking or drug abuse issues in Cedarcreek, MO, Rehabs.com supplies a extensive online database of exclusive private programs, as well as an array of other options. We can help you discover drug and alcohol abuse care centers for a wide variety of drug addictions to alcohol, marijuana, Tramadol or any addictive substance. Search for a top rated rehab program in Cedarcreek now, and take off on the road to sober living.
Getting clean from Duramorph, Mushrooms, alcohol or other drugs you or your loved one is addicted to takes an individualized treatment arrangement. Two options of substance addiction treatment programs in Cedarcreek can help you succeed: either In-patient or Out-patient Rehabilitation. Residential treatment offers long term advantages with extended residence in a top rehabilitation facility. Outpatient treatments may be more convenient to you, but lack the permanence and resources of sixty-day programs to become sober. Ultimately, the choice is your own, and we are here to help you make the best choice.
Detaching yourself from the conditions of the addiction issue can help separate distractions and temptations that prevent long-term recovery. When viewing rehab as a therapeutic refuge, addicts will find exclusive private centers in cities outside of Cedarcreek, Missouri. Offering resort-like features, the highest-quality facilities help achieve a physical, psychological and emotional recovery. However, those looking for treatments from home may find a clinic close to your residence is a less difficult choice.
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Note About Insurance for Addiction Treatment: APS Healthcare, Humana and Healthsmart often offer at least partial coverage for your addiction therapy, and you can find out more about your own carrier's policy or benefit status here.


Next Horizon: The Campaign for Chadron State College is a five to seven year fundraising endeavor with a working goal of $40 million in state and private support. The campaign is raising funds for capital, program enhancement and scholarship endowment objectives across multiple scholastic disciplines and athletic programs.
Renovation to the Sports Complex requires approximately $8 to $10 million. The renovation will include the demolition and replacement of the original stadium, resurfacing of the playing field and the construction of a new outdoor track. For Chadron State to leverage funds from the state of Nebraska, the Foundation and College are working to secure $2 million. The Sports Complex will provide improved facilities that will continue the tradition and legacy of Eagle athletics.
For more information or to find out how you can be involved in helping Chadron State reach its Next Horizon please contact the Chadron State Foundation.


Well where do I start. Most know me as jaffie I've been doing my dj thing for awhile know and thoes who know me know what I do and have done. Now days I'm Jon James OneManArmy. I play House from vocal,deep to tech house. I have played along side a few of the top djs and mcs This is a hobby for me now with a few bookings now and then even in Florida and New York.


This successful campaign was created in October of 2016 by Amplified Graphic Design Services for the fine people at BK Designs. As the brand manager for this company, the owner and I discuss a lot of different industry topics. It was blatantly obvious with low attendance at events, dips in sales and interest in the new drone market, that the RC Helicopter industry was in a sharp decline. It was decided that this needed to be brought to the attention of the industry. Amplified developed the idea to utilize social media and create a hashtag campaign to get the attention of the industry. This is where #KeepRCHelisAlive was born. We needed to create a message that showed a sense of urgency so that viewers get the message immediately after seeing the brand. Creating a movement with a passive statement was a sure fire way to fail. Our job as a professional marketing company is to be sure the message was heard and heard well. Some within the industry criticized our strong message which means that our message works and is doing what it was designed to do, touch a nerve. This movment was designed to be shared. Right from the begining the logo files were set up and were available for download for anyone to use. We opend full licensing to everone and made it easy for public usage. Viewers were encouraged to push the message creating decals, t-shirts, social media images, etc.
The brand image we created was of a phoenix, which is a symbol of rising up from the ashes. We combined this simple effective graphic with the #KeepRCHelisAlive hashtag. Originally it included the signiture of the owner of BK Designs, Bert Kammerer (a professional RC Helicopter Pilot) . The movement has since grown and evolved to include the signiture of Professional RC Heli Pilot Matt Botos and others as well. Our goal is to have multiple pro pilots include their signatures to show that they support this great movement.
We are proud to share the #KeepRCHelisAlive Movement has grown into a worldwide movement. Currently returning over 21,900 google search results. This message has sparked numerous conversations and can be seen all over the RC Helicopter industry. It has successfully shown how important it is to have supporters of RC helicopters encourage others to get involved.


While we've been enjoying St. Patrick's Day and everything green, Easter has been sneaking up on us, friends. And now it's less than two weeks away! Which means my plans for this week have changed. I should have something special later this week as an extra post because I'm not quite done with my St. Patty's Day inspiration, but for today I wanted to share some pretty Easter crosses. For these guys I had to learn how to make really little roses. The type of roses I used are called swirl roses, which were not overly tricky to make. You need thick icing and a very small star tip. Then you just make a little blob star and pull the icing around a couple times. I found that if I made the star a little sideways to start then the rose turned out better. Here's the beautiful bunch of swirl roses: Just like the drop flowers from before there is a bit of a learning curve, but with a little guidance even my six year old was able to make a few (which she ate as soon as they were dried). The leaves and vines were piped directly onto the cookies with a No. 1 tip and thicker royal icing/glaze mix. If you want to try your hand at some I would take a look at Sugarbelle's guide.
Cookies are awesome in any form, but these are extra special!


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Fuoco nero è un film italiano drammatico del 1951 diretto da Silvio Siano.

Trama
Fuoco nero è un cavallo da corsa. Bruno, il suo fantino, troppo preso dagli allenamenti non si accorge che l'annoiata moglie Maria lo tradisce con il fratello Stefano, un uomo senza scrupoli appena tornato dall'estero.
Il giorno della corsa si fa vivo un vecchio complice che era stato tradito da Stefano, dopo la lite nasce una sparatoria.
Mentre il cavallo vince la gara Stefano uccide il complice che però colpisce a morte Maria che spira tra le braccia del marito dal quale ha ottenuto il perdono. Ravveduto Stefano decide di costituirsi.

Incassi
Incasso accertato a tutto il 31 marzo 1959: 51.736.054 lire dell'epoca.

Critica
"Film di un certo impegno anche se modesto, ma la ritardata uscita ha fatto si (sic) che a Roma sia passato quasi inosservato. L'azione si svolge in una piccola località in cui è molto sentita la passione per le gare ippiche ("Fuoco nero" è il nome di un cavallo) e nella quale si danno periodicamente convegno alcuni amatori di questo sport. Su tale sfondo si innesta e si sviluppa una vicenda drammatica di adulterio e di morte, che ha avuto un'efficace interprete nell'americana Marilyn Buferd". (U.Tani, Intermezzo, n. 22/23, del 15/12/1952).

Note

Bibliografia
 Catalogo Bolaffi del cinema italiano 1945/1955.

Collegamenti esterni

Film drammatici

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to mount iso9660 filesystem as read,write on Mac OS X? man:
 -w      Mount the file system read-write.

         The options specific to NFS filesystems are described in the
         mount_nfs(8) manual page.

bogon:OperatingSystems Forever-Always$ sudo /sbin/mount_cd9660 -w /dev/disk2 /Volumes/redhat/
/sbin/mount_cd9660: illegal option -- w
usage: mount_cd9660 [-egjr] [-o options]  [-s startsector] special node
Who can tell me why?

A: The man page that you are showing is showing information about NFS.  This is probably from the mount_nfs man page, or perhaps the mount man page.
This man page for iso9660 does not show such an option.
Understand that the "mount" command may simply pass information to a more specific executable that supports a filesystem, like mount_cd9660.  If the specific filesystem driver doesn't provide some functionality, like writability, then the "mount" command probably won't support it either.
The typical approach to get an updated ISO 9660 file is to simply get all of the desired data in one location, and then make a brand new ISO 9660 file,  entirely replacing the older one.
In theory, ISO 9660 data is information that gets stored on a disc/disk, and information can be written, so an ISO 9660 could be written to (in theory).
In practice, operating systems do not typically support real-time updating of ISO 9660 files.  The file structure to ISO 9660 is designed in a way that makes real-time updating a challenge.  UDF (more commonly found on DVDs, and usable on CDs with many operating systems) drivers will more commonly support a UDF feature called "packet writing", which allows smaller/easier updates.  So if you need a CD, and you don't care about the format, you may wish to check out UDF as a possible option that might be relatively easy to implement.  However, UDF is different than ISO9660, so if you're still wanting ISO9660-compatibility, know that using UDF does not accomplish that goal.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The 2016 Big 12 Football Helmet Schedule is now available. The PDF schedule features the team helmets, date, and opponent for each Big 12 team.
The 2016 season gets underway for the Big 12 on Friday, Sept. 2 when Kansas State travels to take on Stanford. Conference play kicks off on Sept. 17 when Iowa State travels to play TCU.
Opening weekend also features three big non-conference games — Oklahoma vs. Houston (at NRG Stadium), Notre Dame at Texas, and Missouri at West Virginia.


The Bale of Hay Saloon in Historic Virginia City, Montana hosts this Montana Micro-brew festival featuring the best micros made in Montana.
Friday night – Wee Dog pint night.
Philipsburg Brewing from Phillipsburg MT is making their way to the Wee Dog and bringing some of the best brews made in Montana starting at 5pm. This is your chance to sample beers from one of the best breweries in Montana and collect one of their pint glasses!
Tom Susanj is playing blends of folk, rock, blues and rockin' country from 9:30pm to 12:30.
Beer and music flow under the big tent next to the Bale of Hay Saloon in Virginia City, Montana. Festivities start at high noon and end at 7pm with No Cover charge! We feature ten breweries including: Lewis and Clark Brewing, Bitterroot Brewing, Bayern Brewing, Neptune's Brewery, Madison River Brewing, Bozeman Brewing, Draught Works, Lone Peak, Quarry Brewing and Ruby Valley Brewing. Ruby Valley Brewing is making their inaugural appearance, all the way from Sheridan MT!
Live music from the Left on Tenth Band from Bozeman.
Make sure to get there early to get our package deal, you get 8 tasters of beer, polish dog and limited edition commemorative glass featuring Lewis and Clark Brewing. Individual beers and polish dogs are also for sale.
Dance the night away with The Chad Ball Band. Playing a yummy mix of folk, blues, rock and country! Starting at 9:30pm.


A group consisting of companies with complementary technologies that are specialized in supplies for clean rooms and critical areas in the following industries: the Pharmaceutical industry, Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and similar industries.
Water Treatment and fluids for aseptic processes.
Clean Room Utility Services .
Air Quality Audits. Energy Audits.
Facility Certification and Process Validation.
Monitoring Critical Areas, which integrate different systems and enable validation in accordance with CFR 21 part. 1. Supply and installation of additional equipment for clean rooms: Insulators and depression process cabins. Laminar flow, biological SAS, etc.
Automatic processing and packaging machinery for the pharmaceutical industry, the biotechnology industry and the cosmetics industry.
TOFFLON: Industrial and laboratory freeze dryers.
AQUA-NOVA: Water Distillers (WFI), Pure Steam Generators (PS), CIP & SIP, Purified Water (PW).
ROTA: Filling Vials / Ampoule / vials / prefilled syringes. Sterilized Tunnel. Washers vials / ampoules. Labeling.
ICOS: Autoclaves GMP's and Laboratorios.Hornos depyrogenated. Washing GMP's.
CONVEL: Automatic inspection of ampoules and vials.
Clean Concept Interior Architecture for Clean Rooms.
Supply and assembly of modular enclosures and associated equipment for clean rooms. Screens, doors, windows and profiling for hygienic finish. Modular and continuous ceilings, paving, furniture and equipment associated with enclosures, such as: Lockers, benches, work benches, decontamination SAS, Air showers, etc.


The Piping Live! Lunchtime Recital Series returns for 2018, with a fantastic line up. Today's recital comes from the double Gold Medal winning Ian K MacDonald from Toronto. He acheived the "The Double" in 2016 winning both the Argyllshire Gathering and Northern Meeting Gold Medals in the same year. Join us for the last in the Piping Live! lunchtime recital series for 2018.


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Allan Bloom on Locke's State of Nature
I continue my series on Allan Bloom articulating the "state of nature" from which liberalism emerged with his analysis of John Locke. This passage is from pages 163-165 of The Closing of the American Mind.
From his reflection on the state of nature, Locke drew the formula of Enlightenment, with its particular combination of natural and political science. Its starting point is the untrammeled use of reason. In this he simply follows the oldest opinions of the philosophers. Freedom for man consists in ordering his life according to what he can see for himself through his most distinctive faculty, liberated from the force of tyrants and the authority of lies, i.e., myths. Through unaided reason, man as man, as opposed to the man of this place or time, nation or religion, can know the causes of things, can know nature for himself. Autonomy does not mean, as is now generally thought, the fateful, groundless decision in the void, but governing oneself according to the real. There must be an outside for the inside to have meaning.
So thought Locke and his philosophic predecessors and successors. What distinguished Enlightenment from earlier philosophy was its intention to extend to all men what had been the preserve of only a few: the life lived according to reason. It was not "idealism" or "optimism" that motivated these philosophers but a new science, a "method," and allied with them, a new political science. A clear and distinct mathematical science of the movement of bodies, discovered by the use of a simple method readily understood by ordinary men, could make the knowledge of nature accessible to them, if not provide them with the genius to discover that knowledge. The various mythic or poetic views of the whole that set the horizons for the nations of man, and within which the philosophers had always lived alone and misunderstood, would be dispensed with, and the fundamental difference in perspective between scientist and nonscientist overcome. Further, if man himself is taken out of the shadows of the kingdom of darkness and examined in the light of science, he sees that by nature he belongs to the realm of bodies in motion, and that he, like all other bodies, wishes to preserve his motion, that is, his life. Every man has a powerful fear of death, that corresponds to the way of nature. Critical, scientific, methodical examination of the other ends prescribed for man can show that they belong to the realm of the imagination, of false opinion, or derive from this primary end. Such critical examination, of which all men are capable if given guidance by philosophers, and which is supported by powerful inclinations in all men, results in a salutary unity of purpose and a useful simplification of the human problem: vulnerable man must seek the means to his preservation. Since this is what all men really want, whatever arrangements help them get food, clothing, shelter, health and, above all, protection from one another will, if they are properly educated, win their consent and their loyalty.
Once the world has been purged of ghosts or spirits, it reveals to us that the critical problem is scarcity. Nature is a stepmother who has left us unprovided for. But this means we need have no gratitude. When we revered nature, we were poor. Since there was not enough, we had to take from one another; and as a result of this competition, there was inevitably war, the greatest threat to life. But if, instead of fighting one another, we band together and make war on our stepmother, who keeps her riches from us, we can at the same time provide for ourselves and end our strife. The conquest of nature, which is made possible by the insight of science and by the power it produces, is the key to the political. The old commandment that we love our brothers made impossible demands on us, demands against nature, while doing nothing to provide for real needs. What is required is not brotherly love or faith, hope and charity, but self-interested rational labor. The man who contributes most to relieving human misery is the one who produces most, and the surest way of getting him to do so is not by exhorting him, but by rewarding him most handsomely to sacrifice present pleasure for the sake of future benefit, or to assure avoidance of pain through the power so gained. From the point of view of man's well-being and security, what is needed is not men who practice the Christian virtues or those of Aristotle, but rational (capable of calculating their interest) and industrious men. Their opposite numbers are not the vicious, wicked or sinful, but the quarrelsome and the idle. This may include priests and nobles as well as those who most obviously spring to mind.
Here Bloom sees Locke as a modern whose teachings are in tension with classical (Aristotle et al.) and Christian sources. This is an esoteric reading of Locke. Locke did not exoterically present himself as such a troublemaker. But in reality, he couldn't. Philosophers could be killed for rocking the boat in such a way back then.
Bloom, rightly in my view, connects Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau together as operating on a common ground: the concept of "the state of nature," social contract and rights, each with his own distinct view of that phenomenon. Bloom also accurately notes England and America followed Locke, not the other two. Where Bloom is most controversial is with the esoteric reading. Locke presented his ideas in a Christian context, seemingly compatible with the the traditional order. But interestingly, so did Hobbes and Rousseau. All three operated in similar ways presenting their ideas under the auspices of Christianity.
More on that later.
Allan Bloom on States of Nature
I'm continuing the discussion from Allan Bloom's "The Closing of the American Mind" and how it dealt with the founders of liberalism. What they deem modern politics. Politically, Bloom traces it to the English, American and French Revolutions, in that order.
But here is where the analysis gets interesting in a very provocative and contentious way. From pages 162-63:
What was acted out in the American and French Revolutions had been thought out beforehand in the writings of Locke and Rousseau, the scenarists for the drama of modern politics. These Columbuses of the mind—Thomas Hobbes led the way, but Locke and Rousseau followed and were considered more reliable reporters—explored the newly discovered territory called the state of nature, where our forefathers all once dwelled, and brought the important news that by nature all men are free and equal, and that they have rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of property. This is the kind of information that causes revolutions because it pulls the magic carpet out from under the feet of kings and nobles. Locke and Rousseau agreed on these basics, which became the firm foundation of modern politics. Where they disagreed, the major conflicts within modernity were to occur. Locke was the great practical success; the new English and American regimes founded themselves according to his instructions. Rousseau, probably the greatest literary success of all time, inspired all the later attempts in thought and deed, private and public, to alter, correct or escape from the fatality of Locke's complete victory.
It is now fashionable to deny that there ever was a state of nature. We are like aristocrats who do not care to know that our ancestors were once savages who, motivated only by fear of death and scarcity, killed one another in quarrels over acorns. But we continue to live off the capital passed on to us by these rejected predecessors. Everyone believes in freedom and equality and the rights consequent to them. These were, however, brought to civil society from the state of nature; in the absence of any other ground for them, they must be just as mythical as the tale of the state of nature told by the unreliable travelers. Instructed by the new natural science that provided their compass, they went to the origin and not to the end, as did the older political philosophers. Socrates imagined a shining city in speech; Hobbes discovered an isolated individual whose life was "mean, nasty, brutish and short." This opens up a very different perspective on what one wants and hopes for from politics. Prudence points not toward regimes dedicated to the cultivation of rare and difficult, if not impossible, virtues, but toward a good police force to protect men from one another and allow them to preserve themselves as well as possible. Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau all found that one way or another nature led men to war, and that civil society's purpose was not to cooperate with a natural tendency in man toward perfection but to make peace where nature's imperfection causes war.
The reports from the state of nature mixed bad news and good news. Perhaps the most important discovery was that there was no Garden of Eden; the Eldorado of the spirit turned out to be both desert and jungle. Man was not provided for at the beginning, and his current state is not a result of his sin, but of nature's miserliness. He is on his own. God neither looks after him nor punishes him. Nature's indifference to justice is a terrible bereavement for man. He must care for himself without the hope that good men have always had: that there is a price to be paid for crime, that the wicked will suffer. But it is also a great liberation—from God's tutelage, from the claims of kings, nobles and priests, and from guilt or bad conscience. The greatest hopes are dashed, but some of the worst terrors and inner enslavements are dispelled.
Unprotectedness, nakedness, unsuccored suffering and the awfulness of death are the prospects that man without illusions must face. But, looking at things from the point of view of already established society, man can be proud of himself. He has progressed, and by his own efforts. He can think well of himself. And now, possessing the truth, he can be even freer to be himself and improve his situation. He can freely make governments that, untrammeled by mythical duties and titles to rule, serve his interests. The explorations of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau of the origins made possible a new beginning in theory, a project for the reconstruction of politics, just as the exploration and discovery of the New World promised a new beginning in practice. The two new beginnings coincided and produced, among other wonders, the United States.
Much can be said about the above passage, but I will keep my comments brief. Bloom assumes that Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau were the architects of the English, American and French Revolutions. I won't dispute that, but some do. He also assumes they were either atheists or strict deists and the political philosophy that undergirds their thought, either atheistic or deistic. I am not convinced.
In order to draw this conclusion one must read those three philosophers esoterically and, to be honest, it's not possible to know for sure; we can only speculate. So we must draw more modest conclusions. All three philosophers claimed to be "Christians" of some sort. This was in an era when not publicly affirming such could get you at worst executed. They all posited novel ideas, in particular their common ground of "the state of nature."
And each had his own different view of "the state of nature." Straussians like Bloom believe, and I agree, that the "state of nature" was intended to replace the biblical creation story. Or at least offer a parallel. Is it an either/or? Years ago discussing this with interlocutors, we agreed that the "state of nature" was analogous to Darwin's theory of evolution. Some folks believe evolution contradicts the Christian faith; other reconcile them.
Interestingly, Locke's "state of nature" teachings were featured in revolutionary pulpits. America's founders attempted to reconcile different ideologies that supposedly contradict one another. Well, the preachers that were on their side and vice versa did the same when they tried to Christianize the "state of nature."
Also interesting is Bloom's observance that "[i]t is now fashionable to deny that there ever was a state of nature." Bloom was an atheist who believed in Darwin's evolution. Even though the "state of nature" offered a competing creation narrative with the biblical creation story, taken literally, as detailed by Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, the "state of nature" is as unlikely to have actually occurred as the literal details of the Garden of Eden.
So perhaps the state of nature was meant to be understood metaphorically. Likewise, with the Garden of Eden. Science tells us that Darwin's evolution likely best explains the origin of life. And as noted above, some believe the Christian faith can be reconciled with evolution; others not. If we wished to reconcile the aforementioned Enlightenment "state of nature" teachings with evolution, Hobbes' account (alas) comes closest to what life actually was like there.


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text:
DANIEL WYATT
High On History
American Sports History
Canadian Sports History
Mickey and Willie
1951 Bowman rookie card of Mickey Mantle (US Public Domain)
Ever since I can remember, the big talk in baseball going back to when Mickey Mantle and Willie Mays broke into the game in the same season was who was better? Constantly compared throughout the next two decades, they were two distinct players, but they also had a slew of similarities. In addition, they had unique and noteworthy entrances into the majors--different, yet similar.
Both players were born in 1931: Mantle in Spavinaw, Oklahoma, Willie in Westfield, Alabama. Both fathers had the burning ambition to see their sons play pro baseball. Mantle's father, Mutt, toiled in the dangerous and unhealthy lead and zinc mines by day. After the whistle blew, he would then work with his son until sundown on the finer points of the grand old game, especially switch-hitting. The last thing Mutt wanted was his son spending the rest of his life as an underground miner. Willie's dad, Willie Sr., played semi-pro ball in the heavily competitive Negro industrial leagues of the Deep South. In this environment, the younger Willie grew up watching--hanging around the dugout--eventually advancing to playing alongside his dad and his black teammates.
Mantle and Mays were teenage sensations fast-tracked to the majors. Mantle jumped from C ball in Joplin, Missouri to the parent New York Yankees in early 1951. A few weeks into the same season, Mays left the AAA American Association Minneapolis Millers for the New York Giants. The two were destined to meet that October.
In spring training, Mantle astounded the Yankee staff with his foot speed running the bases, a reported 3.0 seconds to first from the left side and 3.1 seconds from the right side. They had never seen any prospect that fast. His hard, on-the-money throws from the outfield were equally astonishing. Said fellow-rookie teammate Gil McDougald: "It was like watching a young, blond god."
Then, the switch-hitting, 19-year-old Mantle put on a clinic during an exhibition game against the University of Southern California Trojans in Los Angeles on March 6, 1951 where he crushed two long home runs hitting left-handed, one measuring 656 feet in the air before it landed well beyond the right-center field fence, the other an opposite-field shot that soared across the street before descending to earth in a backyard 500 feet from home plate. On the day, the mighty Mantle went 4-for-5, with two homers, a single, a bases-loaded triple and seven RBIs.
On a roll, Mantle opened the season crushing every ball in sight. That is until the American League pitchers found his weaknesses and starting striking him out with high fastballs and outside breaking curves. Sent down to the minors in Kansas City for fanning far too often--and obliterating a water cooler or two--the unpolished Mantle continued in his woes at the plate by swinging at bad pitches, until he was ready to quit and go home to the mines.
Frustrated and in tears, he called his father, Mutt, who drove six hours from Oklahoma to Mantle's hotel room in Kansas City to tell his son in person and in no uncertain terms to smarten up and be a man. An hour or so later in the hotel restaurant, Mutt told his boy, "Everyone has slumps; even Joe DiMaggio. It'll come together for yuh." A renewed Mantle returned to Kansas City Blues lineup. Two days later in Toledo, he hit for the cycle, two of those hits being homers over the right-field light tower. All told, in the 40 games spent with Kansas City, Mantle hit a blistering .361 with nine doubles, three triples, 11 homers, 50 RBIs and a .651 slugging average. After that, he was recalled to the Yankees for good.
Thirty-five games into the Minneapolis Millers schedule (in the same Triple A American Association as Mantle), Mays got his call to the majors via Giants' manager Leo Durocher on May 24, 1951. The to-the-point long distance telephone conversation went something like this…
Durocher: "Willie, I need you in New York. I want you to play center field for me."
Mays: "I don't know if I can hit major league pitching."
Durocher: "What are you hitting now?"
Mays: ".477."
Durocher: "You think you can hit half that in the majors?"
Mays: "Yeah, I think so."
Durocher: "Okay, then. What are you waiting for? Get the hell over here!"
Mays went oh-for-12 in his first major league at bats before blasting a home run over the left-field roof of New York's Polo Grounds off pitching great Warren Spahn. After the game, Spahn was asked by reporters what happened, to which he replied, "For the first 60 feet that was one helluva pitch." Years later, in retrospect, he said, "I'll never forgive myself. We might have gotten rid of Willie forever if I'd only struck him out!"
But before that pitch, Willie had his freshman troubles too: Only at the plate, and not the field. After a one-for-25 start to his rookie season, he burst into tears in the near-empty Giant clubhouse. Durocher was quickly summoned by a coach where another player-manager conversation between the two occurred…
Durocher: "What's the matter, Willie?"
Mays: "Mr. Leo, I can't buy me a hit. I'm letting you, the team, and the fans down."
Durocher: "Lookit, Willie. I don't care if you don't get a hit for the rest of the year. You're my center fielder now and will be for the rest of the year. Now, quit you're balling and get back out there tomorrow!"
1951 Bowman rookie card of Willie Mays (US Public Domain)
Like Mantle, Mays recovered. He went on to take the National League Rookie-of-the-Year Award by season's end. In 121 games, he hit .274 with 22 doubles, five triples, 20 homers and 68 RBIs. He also used his speed to steal seven bases. Learning to take a walk instead of swinging at bad pitches, Mantle finished 1951 by playing in 96 games, hitting a decent .267 with 13 homers, 65 RBIs, and stealing eight bases. Defensively, Mays threw out 13 base runners. Mantle nailed eight runners, while playing almost exclusively in right field. The following year, with center fielder Joe DiMaggio retired, Mantle switched to center.
That fall, the New York Giants and New York Yankees met in the World Series. In the fifth inning of Game 2 at Yankee Stadium, Mays--wouldn't you know it--hit a high fly to right-center. Mantle, playing his usual right field, ran towards the ball, but was called off by DiMaggio who had it all the way. Out of respect for his veteran teammate, Mantle ground to a halt, but as he did that his cleat caught an open drainpipe used for the sprinkler system, thus tearing his right knee to shreds and leaving him with knee problems for the rest of his career.
Passing their 1951 initiation season was only the beginning for Mays and Mantle. The Hall of Fame was dead-ahead for the two hard-hitting center fielder icons. Their achievements are as follows:
--18 seasons (1951-1968), all with the Yankees
--lifetime: 536 homers, .298 batting average, 1509 RBIs
--excellent career walk/strikeout ratio for a power hitter: 1734/1710
--16 All-Star Games
--12 pennant winners, seven World Series championships
--Triple Crown winner in 1956 (52 homers, 130 RBIs, .353 BA), along with a league-leading .705 SA
--four-time AL home run leader
--hit 50 homers twice, including 54 in 1961, the same year Roger Maris hit his coveted 61
--hit .300 ten times
--AL MVP three times, two other near misses (both taken by teammate Roger Maris in 1960 and 1961)
--hit numerous tape-measure shots, including three over the right-field roof of Detroit's Briggs Stadium, and two high-arching blasts within mere feet from exiting Yankee Stadium
--In 65 World Series games, he hit 18 homers, 40 RBIs, and 26 extra-base hits
--rated #17 on the 1999 Sporting News List of 100 Greatest Baseball Players
--His #7 uniform retired in 1969
--1974 Hall of Fame member on the first ballot with 88.2% of the vote
--22 seasons (1951-1973) with the New York Giants, San Francisco Giants, and New York Mets
--12 Glove Gloves, all consecutively from 1957-1968
--24 All-Star Game appearances
--eight consecutive 100-RBI seasons
--two NL MVPs
--hit 50 homers twice
--NL batting champ in 1954
--classic catch off Cleveland's Vic Wertz's long fly in the first game of 1954 World Series that stunned those who saw it. Now known as "The Catch"
--four-time NL homer king
--hit four homers in one game in 1961
--lifetime: 660 homers, 3283 hits, 1903 RBIs, 338 stolen bases, .302 batting average
--on four pennant winners and one World Championship
--his #24 uniform retired by the San Francisco Giants in 1972
--Hall of Fame member in his first year of eligibility in 1979 with 94.7% of the vote
--rated #2 on the 1999 Sporting News List of 100 Greatest Baseball Players
So, Mickey or Willie, who was the best? What do you like, apples or oranges? Let's just say they were both great.
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Shivaji's armies continued to pursue the remainder of the sultanate army which was withdrawing towards Bijapur, taking control over 23 of the Sultanate's forts along the … The motorbike expedition zoomed off from Mumbai to Shivneri fort in Raigad and will cover all the 23 forts built during Shivaji's reign in the Western Ghats and on the Konkan coast. There are about 350 forts in Maharashtra, the north western state of India, which are said to be the glory of Maharashtra. Shivaji had to accept the supremacy of Aurangzeb and forced to serve Aurangzeb as an ordinary jagirdar. His mother, Jijabai, was an extremely religious woman. He also agreed to visit the imperial court Shivaji along with Shambhuji started for Agra and arrived there in May 1666. Jai Singh's forces made significant gains and captured many Maratha forts, forcing Shivaji to come to terms with Aurangzeb rather than lose more forts and men. Suggested Read: 23 Watersports In Goa That You Must Add to Your Bucketlist For A Fun 2021 Vacay. Shivaji agreed to support the Mughals against Bijapur. Shivaji had encamped at Pratapgad fort, which, being located in a hilly area, was strategically advantageous for mountainous guerrilla warfare. Hence a treaty of peace was signed that declared to hand over 23 out of 35 forts to the Mughal emperor. Shivaji grew up at Poona under the strict supervision of his mother and his teacher, Dadaji Konda-dev. The Battle of Pratapgad between Shivaji and Afzal Khan was fought below the ramparts of this fort on November 10, 1659. In this treaty, known as the Treaty of Purandar signed on 11th June 1665, Shivaji agreed to give up 23 forts and pay a compensation of 400,000 rupees to the Mughals. How to Reach Shivaji Fort. In the Treaty of Purandar, signed between Shivaji and Jai Singh on 11 June 1665, Shivaji agreed to give up 23 of his forts, keeping 12 for himself, and pay compensation of 400,000 gold hun to the Mughals. Shivaji travelled to Agra with his eight year old son Sambhaji and was offended by Aurangzebâ's treatment of him. There are different ways to enter Rajgad Fort: Padmavati Machee: This is the most popular route and starts from Gunjavane village. School Blinn College; Course Title HISTORY 2017- 2018; Uploaded By moh_b24; Pages 192 Ratings 100% (1) 1 out of 1 people found this document helpful; This preview shows page 176 - 178 out of 192 pages. Unable to incite Shivaji Maharajto attack first, Afzal Khan moved his army to base of Pratapgad Fort. This was the first major test of the fledgling kingdom's army and set the stage for the establishment of the Maratha empire. Under this treaty, 23 forts were handed over to the Mughals. As he had once been the subedar of Wai, he had experience with the geography of the region. 4. According to the treaty Shivaji had to surrender 23 forts to the Mughals out of. Jai Singh's forces captured many Maratha forts, thereby forcing Shivaji to sign a treaty with Aurangazeb to prevent the loss of more forts and men. It's believed that he developed as many as thirteen forts. Under this treaty, 23 forts were handed over to the Mughals. Shivaji was left with twelve forts and a region of 100,000 rupees. 23 out of 35 forts were returned by Shivaji in Purandhar Treaty. Yes there are some instances where Shivaji lost a battle, although not a lot. The fort stands 1,080 meters (3,540 ft) above sea level. Shivaji was born in the hill-fort of Shivneri, near the city of Junnar in Pune district around the year 1627. In the Treaty of Purandar, signed between Shivaji and Jai Singh on 11 June 1665, Shivaji agreed to give up 23 of his forts and pay compensation of 400,000 rupees to the Mughals. It is believed to be the lower extension of Aguada Fort and is one of the must-visit places in Goa. Shivaji agreed to surrender 23 forts and pay a sum of 400000 as compensation to the Mughal Empire. Image Source. Finally Shivaji was forced to conclude the Treaty of Purandhar with Jaisingh in June 1665. The rise of the Marathas as a strong political power under Chatrapati Shivaji, ... his hostile attitude towards the Mughals as the Purandhar Treaty was not at all advantageous to him and he had to forgo 23 forts and territory worth 4 lakh huns to the Mughals without any compensation from Bijapur. In the year 1666, Aurangzeb asked Shivaji to come along with his nine-year-old son Sambhaji to his court in Agra. Shivaji and the Marathas were practically finished, thanks to the shrewd politics of Jaisingh and Aurangzeb. List of Chronological events. TREATY OF PURANDHAR: The attack on Shahista khan and Surat enraged the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb. He tried to bolster his position by obtaining the … Aurangzeb invited Shivaji to Agra with an aim to use his military prowess to consolidate Mughal empires in Afghanistan. This fort, which is spread across two acres, is located near the Vashishti river. A battle between Shivaji and Afzal Khan . After this Shivaji was left with only 12 Forts. In the living memory of Murarbaji Prabhu his statue was built on the fort. In 1674, he was formally crowned as the Chhatrapati of his realm at Raigad. The Pratapgad Fort is known for the battle of Pratapgad that took place between Shivaji Maharaj and Afzal Khan. Pratapgad is a true forest fort as described in the ancient literature and hill fort also. a) Out of 35 forts held by Shivaji, 23 forts with surrounding territory which yielded revenue of four lakhs of huns every year were to be surrendered to the Mughals, while the remaining 12 forts with an annual income of one lakh of huns were to be left to Shivaji "on condition of service and loyalty to the throne". According to the treaty, Shivaji had to surrender 23 forts to the Mughals out of 35 forts held by him. Getting to the base of the fort from Korle village is a tricky affair, and requires some serious trekking skills. Shivaji captured the fort a few weeks before his coronation in 1674. Shivaji Fort can be reached easily from Dandeli bus stand, which is located 20 km away. According to the treaty shivaji had to surrender 23. Aurangzeb invited him to Agra and Shivaji went there with his son, Sambhaji. The revival. Shivaji agreed to give up 23 of his forts and pay compensation of 400,000 rupees to the Mughals and the treaty of Purandar was signed between Mirza and Shivaji Maharaj in 1665. He surrendered 23 forts to the Mughals and retained only twelve forts. But he felt humiliated at the Mughal court. So, Shivaji and Jai Singh signed the Treaty of Purandar on 11 th June 1665 under which Shivaji agreed to give 23 forts and a sum of 400000 Rupees as compensation to the Mughal Empire. In the ensuing treaty of Purander, signed between Shivaji and Jai Singh on 11 June 1665, Shivaji agreed to give up 23 of his forts and pay compensation of 400,000 rupees to the Mughals. 1666. Two of the forts of Shivaji Maharaj which are breathtakingly amazing are Pratapgad fort which is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Poladpur and 23 kilometres (14 mi) west of Mahabaleshwar, a popular hill station in the area. Actually, the main fort consists of two forts (one at the top of the hill and the other at the south-east end). Earlier known as the Kondhana Fort, after sage Kaundiya in whose honour the Kaundineshwar Temple has been constructed within the fort premises, it was renamed as Sinhagad to honour the sacrifice of Tanaji Malusare, one of Shivaji Maharaj's foremost military commander. Shivaji could not withstand this offensive and signed the Treaty of Purandar in 1665, by which he surrendered 23 forts and agreed to enroll in the Mogul imperial service as a faithful retainer. The Rajgad Fort was also one of the 17 forts that Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj kept when he signed the Treaty of Purandar in 1665, with the Mughal general Jai Singh I, leader of the Mughal forces. 3. Jan 11, 2016 - #Chhatrapati #Shivaji #Maharaj #Shivaji2016. 6. He also agreed to let his son Sambhaji become a Mughal Sardar, serve the Mughal court of Aurangzeb and fight with Mughals against Bijapur. He was the son of Shahji Bonsale, a military officer in the state of Ahmadnagar, Decan and Bijapur. 5. Jai Singh captured many of Shivaji's forts like Purandar, Raigadh, etc., by his lightning raids. The treaty of Purandar was signed in 1665 CE by which Shivaji surrendered 23 forts to the Mughals and retained 12 forts. 18. To reach Dandeli, you can take three routes: 1. Year Date Event 1490: Ahmed Bahiri Nizamshah captured the fort. Sinquerim Fort is located at a distance of 18 kilometers from the capital city. The remaining 12 forts were to be left to Shivaji on condition of service and loyalty to Mughal empire. Shivaji was left with only 12 forts and territory which yielded annual revenue of one lakh him. The naval personnel will travel around 2,500 km on motorbikes and trek another 350 km to visit all the forts and pay tribute to Shivaji who is considered the 'father' of the Indian Navy. Via air – the nearest airport to Dandeli is Hubli, which is located 66 km away. The Pratapgad Fort, Maharashtra, is an important fort built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Another noteworthy incident in Shivaji's lifetime is his escape from his imprisonment by Aurangzeb. He also agreed to let his son Sambhaji become a Mughal Sardar, serve the Mughal court of Aurangzeb and fight with Mughals against Bijapur. Under this treaty, Shivaji had to give his 23 Forts to Mughal Empire with 400,000 gold coins. Shivaji surrendered 23 of his forts, and territory which yielded annual revenue of 4 lakhs of heen. The army attacked the fort of Purandar where Shivaji was residing. Per legend, his mother named him Shivaji in honour of the goddess Shivai, to whom she had prayed for a healthy child. Shivaji accepted the suzerainty of the Mughals. May 3, 2016 - Shivaji Maharaj had to surrender his 23 forts in the treaty with Mughals. In 1660, Shivaji captured this fort and renamed it Govindgad. He was defeated tactically, and that too more than once- but strategically he almost always won. You can either take a local bus to the fort, or hire a cab or auto. Sources: www.sambhajimaharaj.com. 2. Other suggested dates include 6 April 1627, or other dates near this day. In 1666 he visited Aurangzeb's court in Agra, where he was virtually kept in confinement, but escaped through a clever stratagem. On behalf of Aurangzeb, Jai Singh also proposed and organized Shivaji's visit to Agra where he was insulted in the court and later imprisoned. The father-son duo was later imprisoned to be either killed or sent to fight for the Afghans. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was also known as Shivaji Bhonsle, he was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. In the ensuing treaty of Purander, signed between Shivaji and Jai Singh on 11 June 1665, Shivaji agreed to give up 23 of his forts and pay compensation of 400,000 rupees to the Mughals. And more importantly, he lost battles- never wars. Shivaji had to cede 23 forts and region giving revenue of 400,000 rupees to the Mughals. On the other hand, the Mughals recognized the right of Shivaji to hold certain parts of the Bijapur kingdom. The Rajgad Fort was also one of the 17 forts that Shivaji kept when he signed the Treaty of Purandar in 1665, with the Mughal general Jai Singh I, leader of the Mughal forces. Sinquerim Fort. Shivaji agreed to become a vassal of the Mughal empire, and to send his son Sambhaji, along with 5,000 horsemen, as a mansabdar to fight for the Mughals in the Deccan. See more ideas about Fort, Maunsell forts, Maharashtra. It was decided that Shivaji's son Sambaji would be appointed as a Mansabdar of 5000. Shivaji Bhonsale was born on April 10, 1627 at the fort of Shivneri in Maharashtra, Western India. 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Lieshout is a village located in the province of North Brabant in the south of the Netherlands, about 15 kilometres northeast of Eindhoven. There are 4,300 inhabitants, and the village is known for its brewing company Swinkels Family Brewers.
The spoken language is Peellands (an East Brabantian dialect, which is very similar to Standard Dutch).

Archeology

During archaeological excavations on Lieshout's territory several flint objects from the Stone Age were found, as well as features of agrarian settlements from the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. The excavations also revealed remains of Roman buildings and several wells, apparently belonging to a medium scale settlement. The peasant society comprised probably three to four farmhouses with outbuildings, where 30 to 40 people have been living. Moreover, also remains of a medieval settlement were found.

In total some 15,000 objects were unearthed, most of them from the period 1100 BC to 1100 AD. The finds indicate that the area was continuously inhabited from 1100 BC onwards. The objects include spearheads, fibulas and grave goods like small jars and colored plates and beakers, and a gold Ambiani stater, a coin minted around 50 BC.

History
The present village was established in the 8th century as a Frankish allodium. At the end of the 12th century the lord of Lieshout donated the allodium to the Floreffe Abbey. In 1698 the abbey sold most of their property in Lieshout to the farmers.

The remaining land and buildings and the manorial rights were sold in 1714 to a noble family from Holland. This family sold the manorial rights in 1842 to a textile manufacturer from Helmond. With the revision of the Dutch Constitution in 1848 the feudal system was abolished in the Netherlands, whereby Lieshout lost its manorial status. In 1851 the "municipality of Lieshout" was established.

Improved accessibility of Lieshout at the end of the 19th century led to the rise and flourishing of industrial activities, including the Bavaria Brewery. In 1997 the independence of Lieshout came to an end when the village became part of the new municipality of Laarbeek.

Places of interest
 "Gate to Binderen". A gateway from 1474 to the Binderen Abbey in Helmond. The gate was transferred to Lieshout around 1800. Here it gave access to a site surrounded by a moat, where the Ribbius mansion was located. In 1962 the mansion was demolished and replaced by a church devoted to Saint Servatius.
 "Manor house", also called "Hunting lodge" at Havenweg 10. This is the oldest building in Lieshout. The house was built between 1719 and 1725 by Jan Bout, at the time lord of Lieshout. Originally, the house was surrounded by a moat.
 Several farmhouses, including the official monuments "De Plashoeve" at Provincialeweg 10 and the farmhouse at Dorpsstraat 76.
 "" at the Molendreef. This mill was built in 1819 to replace the late 18th century mill, which was blown down in 1817.
 "" from 1899 at the Molenstraat. In front of the mill is the national monument "De Mulder" (The Miller), a bronze statue from 1989.

Gallery

Notable resident
 Guus Meeuwis (born Mariahout, 23 March 1972) is a Dutch singer and songwriter who grew up in Lieshout

References

Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 1997
Populated places in North Brabant
Former municipalities of North Brabant
Laarbeek


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Joni Mitchell Opens the Vault for Extensive Archival Series
The first batch of unreleased material arrives in October
Not unlike friend and Canadian songwriting contemporary Neil Young, Joni Mitchell will now crack open the vault for a new series of archival releases, featuring previously unheard material.
Today, the acclaimed artist announced the launch of her Joni Mitchell Archives, set to launch this October with the arrival of the first volume The Early Years (1963-1967), a 5-CD set with contents that will also be pressed to vinyl. A press release notes that Mitchell has been "intimately involved" in the series, "lending her vision and personal touch to every element of the project."
The Early Years features nearly six hours of unreleased home, live, and radio recordings, chronologically ordered to show Mitchell's growth as a performer and songwriter in the period leading up to her 1967 debut Song to a Seagull.
The 5-CD set features 29 original Mitchell compositions that have never been released before, drawing from early radio sessions, live performances and demos. These performances feature Mitchell covering folk standards such as "House of the Rising Sun," (which can be heard below) in addition to early versions of songs including "Chelsea Morning," "Both Sides Now" and "Morning Morgantown."
The box set also sports a rare cover of Young's "Sugar Mountain," a song that inspired her to pen what would become the closing track of 1970's Ladies of the Canyon, "The Circle Game." The package is rounded out by a 40-page booklet with unseen photographs and new liner notes featuring conversation with Mitchell and writer/filmmaker Cameron Crowe.
"The early stuff, I shouldn't be such a snob against it," Mitchell said in a statement. "A lot of these songs, I just lost them. They fell away. They only exist in these recordings. For so long I rebelled against the term [folk singer], 'I was never a folk-singer.' I would get pissed off if they put that label on me. I didn't think it was a good description of what I was. And then I listened and…it was beautiful. It made me forgive my beginnings. And I had this realization…I was a folk singer!"
You can pore over a complete tracklist and various formats of The Early Years through Mitchell's official website.
Health issues have kept Mitchell out of the public eye in recent years. Her most recent album remains 2007's Shine, which was treated to its first-ever vinyl issue earlier this year. In 2017, Mitchell's life and work were examined in biography Reckless Daughter.
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