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by Nupur Raut and Ashwin Pantula
We live in a world where the language of rights may easily (and most often justifiably) be appropriated by, or for the benefit of, a given stakeholder in a situation. India's fundamental rights, set out in Part III of the Constitution, have oft been read to include newer and more diverse rights within their framework. This is usually done to keep the Constitution up to date with the changing times. Sometimes, it may be done to reflect an ongoing international philosophical debate, such as right to life of an unborn child.
A recent set of decisions by the Rajasthan High Court, for example, recognised the right to life of the unborn child under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. The decisions reflect a popular debate going on in many parts of the world and some regions of India as to whether an unborn child has the right to life: whether it should not be aborted, and whether it has the right to be born.
Article 21 is a negative right that states that no person shall be deprived of their right to "life and personal liberty" except per procedure established by law. However, is the unborn child a person? Is this debate part of the mainstream political discourse in India? Should it be reflected in the law? In this article, we look at the decisions themselves, along with the law in other jurisdictions, to understand whether such a right ought to be recognised under Article 21.
The Decisions of the Rajasthan High Court
In October 2019, a Single Judge of the Rajasthan High Court refused to grant the relief of medical termination of pregnancy sought by a 17-year old rape survivor (hereinafter 'S').[1] The facts of the case were as follows: S first approached a lower court (Special Judge, POCSO Act Cases) seeking an order allowing her to medically terminate her pregnancy as the said pregnancy was a result of an act of penetrative sexual assault committed upon her. The lower court held that it did not have the jurisdiction to grant the relief sought by her, because the gestation period had gone beyond the 20 weeks' limit stipulated under the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 (hereinafter 'MTP Act'). S thereafter approached the High Court, where her case was heard by a Single Judge. In a medical test ordered by the Single Judge, the Medical Board found that although the foetus was 25 weeks old, there was no serious threat to the life of S if the pregnancy was terminated medically. As a note of caution, however, the Medical Board added that the possibility of known medical or surgical complications could not be ruled out. Meanwhile, a society that ran an orphanage filed an application stating that it was willing to bear all the expenses in the upbringing of the child, and thus requested the High Court to not grant the relief sought by S. On being apprised of this development, S reiterated that she wanted to terminate her pregnancy.
The Single Judge, believing that he was faced with a difficult situation, thought it fit to juxtapose the rights of the mother with those of the foetus. Based on the assumption that after six weeks from conception, an embryo comes to life and transforms into a foetus, the Single Judge opined that the right to life of the foetus merited "equal protection, if not more." The Single Judge was nevertheless cognizant of the Supreme Court's 'pro-reproductive autonomy' decision in Suchita Srivastava v. Chandigarh Administration.[2] In that case, the Supreme Court had held that a woman's right to abort was an aspect of her 'personal liberty' guaranteed under Article 21. Therefore, the Single Judge was certain that order of termination of pregnancy, as repeatedly prayed for by S, was perfectly legal. Such an order is what is usually expected of courts in such cases, once it has made sure that there is no threat to the pregnant woman's life.[3]
However, the Single Judge's belief that the foetus has 'life' and achieves complete formation within 16-20 weeks led him to look for creative avenues. He wiggled his way out with the help of the very judgment that had held a woman's right to abort was guaranteed to her under Article 21. In Suchita Srivastava (supra), the apex court had also spoken of a 'compelling state interest' in protecting the life of the prospective child and had opined that the provisions of the MTP Act could be viewed as reasonable restrictions on the exercise of reproductive choices.
Strangely, the Single Judge took this to mean that medical termination of pregnancy is a statutory right with constitutional underpinnings. At the same time, he was of the opinion that the right to life of the foetus (or what we have interchangeably called the 'right to be born') flows directly from Article 21. Thus, undertaking a balancing test, he concluded that the woman's right to reproductive autonomy, being only a facet of the right to life, had to give way to a per se right to life of the foetus.
The Single Judge did not analyse any scientific evidence to conclude that an embryo comes to life at six weeks. Significantly, the text of Article 21 does not specify that the unborn child is also a person and has a right to life. The Single Judge, therefore, sought to "read" the right to life of the unborn child into Article 21, much like the rights to privacy and environment have been read into the Constitution by the Supreme Court.
While reinterpreting the apex court's existing position promoting reproductive autonomy, the Single Judge ought to have been more forthcoming in his reasoning and in justifying such departure. Instead, there is an attempt to substitute reasoning with expressions aimed at evoking sympathy for a foetus – "a baby to be born, who can caress or kick her mother but does not have a voice of its own", "a human being which to is alive, though yet to be born".
The State of Rajasthan filed a writ appeal against the Single Judge's judgment in a bid to protect the rights of future victims of rape or penetrative sexual assault. By the time the writ appeal proceedings got over and the Division Bench reserved its judgment, it was already past the due date for delivery. S did not participate in the writ appeal proceedings. Although the main prayer sought by S had become infructuous, the Division Bench set aside the decision of the Single Judge, while saving the directions given by the latter for the child's welfare.
It found that reproductive choice was a fundamental right, as recognised by the apex court in Suchitra Srivastava (supra) and that the Single Judge's order failed to protect the personal liberty of S. However, the Division Bench did not adequately deal with the issue of foetus' right to be born. As a matter of fact, by repeatedly stating that a pregnant woman's right to choose abortion 'heavily outweighed' the right of a foetus, it further reinforced that a foetus has the right to life.
A lot can be said about the procedural delays that eventually rendered the writ appeal proceedings meaningless for S personally. However, for the present purposes, we confine ourselves to analysing the Rajasthan High Court's proposition that a foetus has a fundamental right to be born under the scheme of the Indian constitution. In the next part of the article, we look at the law on the right to life of the unborn child in various jurisdictions and try to understand whether the Indian Constitution permits the right to life of the unborn child to be read into Article 21's guarantee of a right to life to every person.
The Right of the Unborn Foetus and the Law Across Jurisdictions
Those who believe that a foetus has a right to be born argue that human life begins from conception, and therefore, that the foetus has legal rights just as any other person. The notion that human life begins from conception is prevalent in some forms of Christianity. This informs the views of several 'pro-life' activists around the world, who believe that the right of the foetus to be born should take precedence over the pregnant woman's right to choose to terminate her pregnancy. However, this pro-life/pro-choice debate has not been a part of the mainstream socio-political discourse in India. This may be because India is a Hindu majority and most people do not consider themselves forbidden by religion from aborting.[1] It may also be that this lack of opposition has informed mainstream socio-political discourse, leading to the debate finding very little mention in legislation, executive orders, or judicial decisions. As discussed earlier, the Supreme Court in Suchita Srivastava (supra)upheld the right of a woman to choose an abortion as part of her right to personal liberty under Article 21, but not without holding that there is a "'compelling state interest' in protecting the life of the prospective child".[2] The provisions of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 were taken as the "procedure established by law" that would impose reasonable restrictions on the exercise of reproductive choice by the pregnant woman. Notably, while the Suchita Srivastava case holds that there is a "compelling state interest" to protect the life of the unborn child, it does not mention that this interest is somehow derived from an Article 21 right to life of the unborn child.
International instruments are largely silent on the question of the right to life of the unborn child. One of the only references to the interests of the unborn child is found in the preamble to the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, 1959. It states that the child needs "special safeguards and care, including appropriate legal protection, before as well as after birth".[3] This is also referred to in the preamble to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.[4] There have, however, been attempts to read a right to life of the unborn child into the right-to-life provisions of regional instruments.
The European Convention on Human Rights does not specifically provide for the right to life of the unborn child. The question was asked several times of it. However, it has been neatly sidestepped by the erstwhile European Commission of Human Rights, and its successor in dealing with individual applications, the European Court of Human Rights, on various occasions. This was done to allow different states to enact their own laws in accordance with the prevailing political sentiment in the state on the right to life of foetuses. In one case, the European Commission held that Article 2 of the Convention, which protects the right to life of "[e]veryone", does not cover the unborn child,[5] while in another, it held that in certain circumstances, the foetus may be covered by Article 2 and that its interests must be weighed against those of the mother.[6] Thereafter, the European Court of Human Rights in Vo v. France[7] took refuge under the margin of appreciation doctrine, failing to decide one way or another. This doctrine gives the discretion to the Member States to decide on a course of action on a right in the Convention, subject to supervision by the European Court. If there is a consensus in practice among the Member States, the margin of appreciation (discretion) accorded to each State is lower. If, however, there is no consensus, the margin of appreciation to each State is wider. In Vo, the Court stated that there was no consensus among states as to whether protection should be accorded to the foetus, or as to when life is said to begin. It merely summarised the decisions of the Commission as well as its own and noted that the unborn child is not directly protected by Article 2. It opined that "in certain circumstances, safeguards may be extended to the unborn child". According to a wide margin of appreciation to States, the Court avoided giving a definitive answer on whether the unborn child has a right to life.
The American Declaration of Human Rights avoids any mention of the right to life of the unborn child. The American Convention on Human Rights, however, specifically states in Paragraph 1 of Article 4 that, "[e]very person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception." The "in general" was inserted by way of compromise, so that parties to the Convention could legislate for "the most diverse cases of abortion".[8]
The issue of the right to life of an unborn child has been hotly debated in the United States of America. In the landmark decision of Roe v. Wade[9], the Supreme Court of the USA upheld the right of a woman to terminate her pregnancy as part of her right to personal privacy. This right, according to the Court, is qualified by important state interests in regulation – the health of the pregnant woman and the potentiality of human life. It also held that the word "person" in the Fourteenth Amendment does not include the unborn child. However, the pro-life movement has several supporters in the USA, which explains why State responses have been principally inconsistent with Roe v. Wade. Some States have made it extremely difficult to get an abortion, either by punishing doctors or by banning abortions from a very early stage of the pregnancy.[10] Pro-life activists have been conducting an annual "March for Life" since the year Roe v. Wade was decided.[11]
Arguments and decisions of this sort have been hitherto absent in India. It is worth exploring, nevertheless, whether the unborn child may seek shelter under the large umbrella of Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
Is There a Right to be Born Under Article 21?
Article 21 guarantees to persons the right to "life and personal liberty" except in accordance with the procedure established by law. As discussed earlier, the pro-life/pro-choice debate has found traction in the United States of America, where there has been vocal support for considering a foetus to be human. However, this debate is entirely absent in India, even in recent times.[12] Article 21 does not seem to be informed by Christian values. It is not conceivable that the Constituent Assembly took the unborn child to have rights in the law when drafting the Constitution. From this perspective, the High Court was most certainly wrong in reading the debate into the Indian Constitution by holding that the unborn child has a right to life under Article 21.
Even if one attempts to read the right to life of the foetus into Article 21 on the pretext that the pro-life/pro-choice debate has now arisen in India, they must first deal with this question: can the foetus even be considered a person in the eyes of the law? There is a lack of clarity on whether a foetus is alive at all, when a foetus begins to be alive, and therefore, whether it is a person. Relying on any one or more of these may lead to great confusion and differences in judicial opinion on whether and when a foetus is to be accorded rights (until the Supreme Court upholds one or another viewpoint). It merits the question of whether a foetus ought to be recognised as a person at all, if only to avoid confusion.
However, there is a compelling reason for not recognising foetal rights under Article 21 under any circumstance. It could lead to a significant conflict with several of the rights of the woman bearing the child in cases where she wishes to abort. A balancing test by the court might put the matter to rest. However, keeping the option of prioritising the unborn child over the mother open will constitute not one, but three violations of the mother's rights. First, the mother's right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 is taken away by not giving her the power to make decisions about her body. Second, forcing a woman to continue into a pregnancy against her wishes violates her right to (physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive) health, also under Article 21. Finally, putting the life of the unborn child before the mother puts her on an unequal footing because of her sex as it prohibits her from enjoying her right to health in the same way as men, who may opt for any medical procedure they need or want; this constitutes discrimination on the basis of sex and is a violation of Article 15 of the Constitution.
Clearly, recognising the right to life of the unborn child causes significant problems to the rights of others in these circumstances. It, therefore, seems inappropriate to recognise the right to life of the unborn child in any circumstance, lest it be applied to a situation where a pregnant woman wants to undergo an abortion.
At the same time, failing to acknowledge that the foetus is important in some way can have detrimental effects. Sex-selective abortion continues to be a prevalent practice in India, in furtherance of long-standing discriminatory attitudes towards all women in society. The State must prevent this discrimination and therefore has a compelling interest in protecting the life of the foetus. By acknowledging the State's compelling interest in protecting the foetus, the pregnant woman's rights may be exercised in a qualified manner through the MTP Act without a judicial balancing of competing rights. We therefore propose that the rights framework be discarded entirely for unborn children.
There are several ways in which the State may protect its interests in the unborn child, or the interests of the unborn child itself, without taking recourse to a rights-based approach. In addition to laws on sex-selective abortion,[13] we find examples of this in many places in the law: the qualifications to a woman's right to abort under the MTP Act; the punishments in the IPC for causing miscarriage, death by an act with the intent to cause a miscarriage, or causing the death of a quick unborn child by an act that would amount to culpable homicide; succession law;[14] and the law on the transfer of property.[15] The undisturbed existence and growth of a foetus is important to society, which merits providing protection to it before its birth. However, the existence of these laws does not imply that a foetus has a fundamental right to be born, or has fundamental rights at all.
The recent decisions of the Rajasthan High Court which held that a foetus has the right to life sought to reinterpret the apex court's existing position which has viewed women's reproductive autonomy as a fundamental right. However, the reinterpretation was bereft of any sound analysis of scientific literature or reference to precedents supporting such a conclusion.
Moreover, the decision of the High Court was completely removed from the Indian socio-political context. It is not the same in countries of the European Union of the USA, where the debate has been raging on for years. Because of a lack of consensus on the issue between different nations with their diverse belief systems, international instruments and bodies have also typically avoided taking sides, and have left it to individual states to reasonably decide their stance depending on their socio-cultural contexts. Roe v. Wade upheld the right of a woman to abort, but not without acknowledging that protecting life is a compelling State interest. It is surprising that in the absence of debate on the right to life of the unborn child in India, the High Court saw it fit to take a pro-life stance. Lastly, we find that recognising the rights of the unborn child causes severe harm to three existing rights of the woman bearing the child – her right to personal liberty, her right to health, and her right not to be discriminated against on the basis of sex. Therefore, it is best to abandon the rights framework for foetuses entirely. Without taking recourse to a rights-based approach, the State may protect its interest in the unborn child while also ensuring that the interests of the unborn child are protected through special provision
Image credits: Rick Bowmer/AP
Ashwin Pantula is currently a Law Clerk – cum – Research Assistant in the Supreme Court of India. Nupur Raut is an advocate, currently practicing in Mumbai.
[1] S (name withheld) v. The State of Rajasthan & Ors. (S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 14827/2019), available at https://hcraj.nic.in/cishcraj-jdp/storefiles/createordjud/206800148272019_3.pdf.
[2] Suchita Srivastava v. Chandigarh Administration, (2009) 9 SCC 1.
[3] Z v. State of Bihar & Ors., (2018) 11 SCC 572; Nisha Vaishnav v. State of Rajasthan & Ors. (S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 1271/2019, Rajasthan High Court).
[4] https://feminisminindia.com/2016/04/11/abortion-rights-india/.
[5] The "compelling interest" language is derived from the observations of the US Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), which discusses the point at which the State interest in protecting the potentiality of human life becomes "compelling".
[6] http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/UN-declaration/.
[7] https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx.
[8] X v. United Kingdom, Appl. No. 8416/79, admissibility decision of 13 May 1980.
[9] H v. Norway, No. 17004/90, Commission decision of 19 May 1992.
[10] Vo v. France, judgment of 8 July 2004.
[11] Inter American Court of Human Rights, White and Potter (Baby Boy) v. United States, Resolution 23/81, Case 2141, March 6, 1981; OEA/Ser.L/V/II.54, Doc. 9 rev. 1, 16 October 1981.
[12] Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
[13] https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/abortion-laws-in-the-us-10-things-you-need-to-know/.
[14] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-51239795.
[15] https://feminisminindia.com/2016/04/11/abortion-rights-india/.
[16] Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994.
[17] S. 20, Hindu Succession Act, 1956.
[18] S. 13, Transfer of Property Act, 1882.
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ADMIN June 1, 2020 April 24, 2021 Article 21, MTPA 1971, Right to Life, Unborn Child
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Soft tonal grey as a colour to this rustic sawn wood wallpaper makes for a highly stylish combination. The outdoor feel created goes especially well with office spaces, making the room feel more spacious. The grey colour contrasts especially well with lighter grain wood furniture. This luxury non woven wallpaper is made from wood pulp with added textile fibres to make the wallpaper strong, dimensionally stable and easy to hang. Available in 200 gsm smooth or 300 gsm textured material, the latter is recommended for imperfect or rougher surfaces.


Osteoporosis diagnosis, which is nowadays generaly made based on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, suffers from certain limitations. Thus it is believed that bone turnover markers (BTMs) can help improve osteoporosis detection. The shifting interest toward this topic made us perform a review to gather information on existing markers and their role in osteoporosis diagnosis. Based on the results, in this review, a list of existing markers and some of their characteristics is provided. Moreover, a brief explanation of different types of variability met while using these markers is also described. Finally some of the patents provided for the diagnosis of these markers are presented. While the use of BTMs in osteoporosis diagnosis has certain advantages over BMD and clinical risk assessment tools, more studies are needed before they can be used as a separate tool in this regard. It could be concluded that despite the fact that BTMs are better than BMD not only in monitoring treatment but also in identifying those at-risk, the diagnostic value of BTMs in predicting osteoporosis is low, and thus a model is needed to assess several BTMs at the same time with higher accuracy and lower variability to overcome this limitation.
Bone, bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, osteocalcin, osteoporosis.
EMRI, Shariati Hospital, Kargar st, Tehran, Iran.


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Q: NSOperationQueue out of range exception I have a strange error which pop up recently. The NSOperationQueue says it has 1 object in it however I cannot access the NSOperation object inside it.
    if ([[queue operations] count] > 0)
    op = [queue.operations objectAtIndex:0];

But for some reason it ends up in the following exception:  index 0 beyond bounds for empty array'
I understand the error message however I am surprised since I was checking the queue count before asking for the object itself.
Any ideas please?

A: Remember that operations are able to run on separate threads and usually are. An NSOperationQueue actually has its own method for getting the count called operationCount and provides this word of caution:

The value returned by this method
  reflects the instantaneous number of
  objects in the queue and changes as
  operations are completed. As a result,
  by the time you use the returned
  value, the actual number of operations
  may be different. You should therefore
  use this value only for approximate
  guidance and should not rely on it for
  object enumerations or other precise
  calculations.

What you are running into is probably a concurrency issue. One thing to consider is to copy the operations array.
NSArray *ops = [queue.operations copy];
if ([ops count] > 0)
{
    op = [ops objectAtIndex:0];
    //You can check if it has finished using [op isFinished];
    //and do what you need to do here
}
[ops release];

Update:
Here is an example of why you may see this happening very often
//Set up and start an NSOperation
...

//Here your call to operations probably put some sort of lock
//around operations to retrieve them but your operation also
//finished and is waiting for your lock to complete to remove
//the operation. The operations call probably returns a copy.
if([[que operations] count] > 0)
{
    //Now the operation queue can access its operations and remove
    //the item with the lock released (it can actually access as early
    //as before the call and count)

    //Uh oh now there are 0 operations
    op = [queue.operations objectAtIndex:0];

}

A: the operation may have completed between the two calls

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ecommerce in China is booming, and more and more European consumers are finding their way to Chinese online stores. Of the foreign online stores, Chinese shopping sites are by now the most popular among European ecommerce consumers.
If you want to learn more about the shopping behaviour and choices European consumers make when ordering products online from China, download your free report now.
• The elements that European consumers value more when buying products online: delivery costs or delivery time?


Daisies are extraordinarily simple and yet undeniably wonderful. These blooms are your best friend if you want a relaxed summer wedding filled with rustic charm. These Daisy Wedding Invitations are the first step to achieving this style. Carry out the theme with daisies in your centerpieces and scattered throughout your decor. You can never have too many daisies on your big day!


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Even The Pope's Visit Can't Stop People In DC From Murdering Each Other
The good feelings emanating from Pope Francis didn't reach everyone in the district, as just hours after his arrival a man was gunned down in the middle of a busy street.
Tuesday night around at around 8:30 gunfire erupted at the busy intersection of V and 14th street Northwest, leaving one man dead and sending others diving for cover, The Washington Post reports.
Raphael Roy, 29, allegedly shot Delaney Epps, 29, five or six times after the two got in a dispute over a drug sale. Roy told police he was trying to buy marijuana from Epps when they started arguing and someone made a move on him.
The shooting occurred at a heavily trafficked intersection in the U Street corridor, which is lined with trendy restaurants and night clubs. That particular night around 25 people were eating on a restaurant patio less than 50 feet from the scene of the shooting, according to the Post. They were all forced to take cover under tables and behind the building until the gunfire stopped.
Police arrested Roy after a brief foot chase and found a 9 mm Hi-Point pistol they say he tossed behind an apartment building.
This latest murder brings the city's yearly total up to 116, representing a more than 45 percent increase over the same time in 2014. The city saw just 105 murders in all of last year.
Last month, a drive-by shooting occurred outside a Metro station just a just a few blocks from where the scene of this most recent murder.
Matthew Shlonsky was getting out of a cab at about 5 p.m. just down the street from the Howard University train stop. He was on his way to meet up with some friends for a going away party.
The next thing he knew, he was struck by a bullet and laying face up in the street. When police arrived, they found Shlonsky unconscious and attempted to perform CPR. It was too late, though, and Shlonsky was pronounced dead at the nearby Howard University Hospital.
Shlonsky, a former Congressional intern, was caught in the crossfire of what appeared to be a gang related shooting and was not the intended target.
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The formation of small pouches or diverticula along the walls of the intestines is called diverticulosis, but the condition becomes severe when an infection or inflammation develops in those small pouches, which is called diverticulitis. In some serious cases, diverticulitis may lead to a severe perforation of the bowel. The pouches are more common at the end of the sigmoid colons, which is on the left side of the abdomen, but they can form anywhere on the digestive tract.
It looks possible considering how severe the condition can become.
Statistics show that more than 10% of Americans older than 40 years are suffering from diverticulitis, whereas diverticulitis kills more than 3,000 people every year. The condition becomes more common as you get older. Not seeking timely medical attention can turn diverticulitis into a life-threatening illness. People with diverticulitis should seek medical attention if they experience symptoms like severe abdominal pain, fever higher than 100F, low blood pressure, and inability to tolerate fluids.
Statistics show that one in five people eventually develop complications of diverticulitis. Can you die from diverticulitis? It may be possible depending on how complicated the situation is. Here are some of the possible complications associated with diverticulitis.
About 15% of diverticulitis patient will eventually experience bleeding, which is not painful and usually resolves without any medical treatment. In 20% of cases, the bleeding may not stop and require an emergency blood transfusion.
Diverticulitis leads to the inflammation of the bowel, which in turn might irritate the bladder. This can cause several urinary problems, such as frequent urination, pain when urinating, and air in the urine.
An abscess – a pus-filled lump or cavity in the tissue – can form right outside the large intestine. In case of an abscess, you usually need to undergo a surgical procedure called percutaneous abscess drainage (PAD), which involves draining the abscess with the use of a fine needle and an ultrasound or CT scanner. Your radiologist may have to repeat the procedure several times to help remove all the pus – this usually happens in case of a large abscess. A small abscess may respond well to antibiotics.
This common complication of diverticulitis is the result of two infected tissues touching each other and then sticking together even after the tissues have healed. The formation of fistula allows bacteria to travel and infect other body parts as well. Your doctor may recommend surgery to remove that section of the colon that has the fistula.
You develop peritonitis in case an infected pouch in your colon splits and spreads the infection into the abdominal lining. The infection can cause life-threatening complications and usually requires immediate medical attention. Your doctor may try antibiotics first, but surgery is often required to drain any pus in the affected area. You may require a colostomy in rare cases.
You may experience a total or partial intestinal obstruction because of the infection scarring your large intestine. You require immediate medical attention if you have a totally blocked large intestine or else you may end up developing peritonitis. You also need treatment for a partially blocked large intestine. When left untreated, it makes it difficult to digest food. Your doctor may consider removing the blocked part through a surgical procedure, but a colostomy is needed in case the blockage or scarring is more extensive.
Can you die from diverticulitis? Many complications can occur due to diverticulitis, so you should know the symptoms and talk to your doctor as soon as possible to avoid life-threatening consequences.
One of the main symptoms of diverticulitis includes abdominal pain and cramping that is more severe on the left side. You may also experience chills, nausea, fever, rectal bleeding, and constipation or diarrhea. You should call your doctor if you notice blood in your stool, have a high fever with chills, and feel that your abdomen has become rigid.
Be sure to live an active life and exercise regularly. It improves bowel function and lowers pressure inside your colon. Only 30 minutes of exercise a few days a week will do.
Consider increasing your intake of fiber. Ensure that your diet has five portions of veggies and fruit a day, along with whole grain. You should take 18-30g of fiber a day, but your doctor can help set a target considering your age and height. Do not increase your intake of fiber suddenly, as this might lead to flatulence, bloating, and constipation.
Increase your intake of fluids. Getting more fiber from your diet is also important, but fiber works by absorbing water. Therefore, you should drink more water and fluids to prevent constipation and other digestive problems.


THIS IS THE OLD WEBSITE AND IS NO LONGER BEING UPDATED.
Peter Vronsky is an author, filmmaker, artist and historian. He has been shooting and producing investigative reports and network television news specials, music videos and documentaries since 1975. He has worked extensively in Europe, the former Soviet Union, South Africa and in Canada and USA. Vronsky is the creator of a body of formal video art works exhibited internationally and a cited historian of the phenomenon of serial murder, of Lee Harvey Oswald's journey to the USSR in 1959-1962, the Siege of Montsegur during the Albigensian Crusade in 1244 and of the disappearance of Ambrose Small in Toronto in 1919. Vronsky is the author of two books published by Penguin-Berkley on the history and psychopathology of serial homicide: Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters (2004) and Female Serial Killers: How and Why Women Become Monsters (2007) .


Only a few cities are so inspiring like Chicago and its architecture. Not like in other american cities, Chicago lets its architecture and skyscraper breathe. I feel impressed and tempted to shoot it. Here the result of two nice panoramic pictures of two main point of the city: the Big Bean and Lake Michigan.
Larger versions of the pics are available upon request.


If you've lost your current set of washers or are looking to update them for your Washer Toss game, then these are a great addition. Even if you plan on making your own Washer Toss box you can still get our Accessory Washers Packs in order to play with it. They come with 8 Washers (4 of each color-Blue & Red or Green & Yellow) that are a steel and plastic composite. They're the perfect feel, weight and colorful too.


This article,Pura Rihawk/Image Gallery, is the sole property of The Z-Meister, and cannot be mentioned, used or even edited, without my permission.
Pura's outfit during the school omake.
One Piece Fan Wiki is a FANDOM TV Community.


WubbaNub Yellow Duck is chirpy and cheerful, but also as mellow as he is yellow. He will bring a gurgling smile to your baby's face. His little wings are the perfect size for little hands to hold onto. The unique style of the WubbaNub pacifier allows it to remain close and easily positioned by the baby.


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College of Community Innovation and Education
To thrive, communities need highly trained professionals dedicated to creating innovative opportunities for civic engagement and transformative education. Thanks to public and private partnerships, you will participate in ground-breaking research and gain practical experience through internships, practicums and policy-development programs led by world-renowned faculty. And after graduation, you'll create big impact on the people you serve with a rewarding career in education, public administration and affairs, legal studies, criminal justice or health management and informatics.
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The College of Community Innovation and Education is the anchor college to UCF Downtown.
Ten graduate academic programs in the College of Community Innovation and Education were ranked in the top 100 nationwide by U.S. News & World Report (2019).
College of Community Innovation and Education students spend over 543,000 hours teaching, serving and researching in agencies, clinics, communities, industry, and schools.
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Community Innovation and Education News
UCF Doubles Impact of $1 Million Gift to Create L.A. Lee Family Endowed Scholarship
With UCF matching the donation, a new $2 million scholarship in memory of the late Lynnwood Arthur Lee '78 will help education students.
Knights Do That: The Psychology of Creating Change
Michele Gill, a professor of educational psychology, shares her research in conceptual change and implicit beliefs, which play a role in what we value and…
Kickin' It New School
A cutting-edge classroom simulator at UCF is helping educators become better teachers.
Burnett Honors Arts and Humanities Business Engineering and Computer Science Graduate Studies Health Professions and Sciences Medicine Nursing Optics and Photonics Sciences Undergraduate Studies Hospitality Management


Is The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride on Netflix United States?
Sorry, The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride is not yet available on Netflix.
Simba's daughter is the key to a resolution of a bitter feud between Simba's pride and the outcast pride led by the mate of Scar. Complete your family's Lion King Collection! The king of animated films reigns in this final chapter of The Lion King trilogy! Experience the power of "Upendi"—which means "love"—as Kiara, Simba's strong-willed daughter, seeks adventure away from her father's watchful gaze. Timon and Pumbaa can do only so much to protect her, especially when she encounters an intriguing rival, Kovu, a cub who is being groomed to lead Scar's pride. As Kiara and Kovu search for their proper places in the great "Circle Of Life," they discover that it may be their destiny to reunite their prides and bring peace to the Pride Lands. Featuring the original all-star voice cast, breathtaking animation and enchanting songs, Kiara and Kovu's adventure thrills audiences of all ages as the glorious "Circle Of Life" continues for a new generation.
Check the The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride (1998) trailer!


The current generation is getting close to the end of its production and most car enthusiasts are eagerly waiting to see a new model. While some reports suggest that the new generation is about to come as 2020 Dodge Durango, others believe that the new model won't come that soon. In any case, it will definitely be worth of waiting.
Allegedly, the new model will get a completely new, traditional body-on-frame platform, which promises a lot of exciting things, starting from much better off-road capabilities and more rugger overall appearance.
If we can rely on the latest reports, the 2020 Dodge Durango will come completely redesigned. This time it will take a separate way, compared to its corporal sibling Grand Cherokee, which will be based on Alfa Romeo's platform. It looks like the new Durango will be a real SUV. It will ride on a traditional body-on-frame platform.
Of course, the architecture will be borrowed from the new Ram, which guarantees rugged construction and excellent capabilities. Of course, we will see completely new aesthetics as well. As we already mentioned, many reports suggest that this redesign won't happen so soon. In that case, the 2020 Dodge Durango would come pretty much the same as the current model.
Of course, completely new interior design will be an integral part of this redesign as well. Still, exact details are still unknown. So, we must rely on our own predictions at the moment. Considering that the new model will ride on Ram's platform, there is a big chance to see more rugged-looking cabin, with more massive dashboard layout.
We count on a pretty upscale looking cabin, full of hi-quality materials and with plenty of standard equipment. Unfortunately, details about the model's size are still unavailable, so we can't say how spacious the new model will be. In any case, count on a typical three-row layout.
When it comes to the powertrain, we probably won't see too many changes compared to the current model. Most likely, base versions will feature a familiar 3.6-liter V6 engine, which is good for about 305 horsepower and 270 pound-feet of torque.
Count on familiar V8 units as well. A smaller 5.7-liter engine is expected to come with a nice power boost, so a max output will go around 395 horsepower. On the other side, details about a large 6.4-liter engine are still unknown. It currently delivers around 475 horsepower.
The 2020 Dodge Durango should come sometime late in the year. The price will largely depend on the fact whether the next year is about to bring redesigned model to us or not.


text:
Q: The title and image keep repeating in all pages I am trying to make a paper and it's my first time to use the Tex format. I got a design from another website and tried to modify it but the problem is that the title and an image next to it keeps showing in all pages.
\documentclass[12pt]{report}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\graphicspath{ {images/} }
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{left=20mm,right=20mm,top=20mm,bottom=20mm}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{ragged2e}

\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\usepackage{lastpage}

\usepackage{flowfram,calc}
\newdynamicframe{\dimexpr.2\textwidth-.75\columnsep}{.3\textheight}{0pt}{.7\textheight}[upperfarleft]
\newdynamicframe{\dimexpr.3\textwidth-.75\columnsep}{.3\textheight}{.2\textwidth+.5\columnsep}{.7\textheight}[upperleft]
\newdynamicframe{\dimexpr.35\textwidth-.60\columnsep}{.3\textheight}{.5\textwidth+3\columnsep}{.69\textheight}[upperright]

\setdynamicframe*{upperleft}{style=raggedright}
\setdynamicframe*{upperright}{style=raggedleft}
\setdynamicframe*{upperfarleft}{style=centering}

\setlength{\columnsep}{20mm}
\setlength{\ffcolumnseprule}{3pt}
\twocolumninarea{\textwidth}{.7\textheight-5pt}{0pt}{0pt}
\renewcommand{\ffruledeclarations}{\color[rgb]{0.9,0.9,0.9}}
\insertvrule{flow}{1}{flow}{2}

  \setdynamiccontents*{upperfarleft}{\includegraphics[height=7cm, width=9cm]{VirtualReality.jpg}}
  \setdynamiccontents*{upperleft}{}
  \setdynamiccontents*{upperright}{{\fontsize{47}{30}\selectfont \textbf{Virtual Reality Gaming} \break} ADNAN SALEH ALTENEIJI: Ibaraki University,         Graduate School Science and Information}

    \begin{document}

\thispagestyle{fancy}

 \textbf{Abstract}

 \section*{Introduction}

\clearpage

\textbf{Definition}

\end{document}

A: I think this should do more or less what you were trying to achieve. A title for a twocolumn paper, with a light gray column separator. A bit of finetuning is still needed.

\documentclass[12pt,twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{left=20mm,right=20mm,top=20mm,bottom=20mm}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\tracingpatches
\makeatletter
\patchcmd{\@outputdblcol}{\normalcolor}{\color{black!40}}{}{}
\makeatother

\setlength{\columnseprule}{3pt}
\setlength{\columnsep}{20mm}

\usepackage{blindtext}
\begin{document}
\twocolumn[%
    \begin{minipage}{\textwidth}%
        \begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}%
        {\includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{example-image}}%
    \end{minipage}%
    \begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}%
        \hfill\parbox{.7\textwidth}{\raggedleft\fontsize{47}{30}\bfseries
    Virtual Reality Gaming\medbreak}\par
    Adnan Saleh Alteneiji: Ibraki University, \par
    Graduate School Science and Information
\end{minipage}%
\end{minipage}%
\bigbreak
]

\noindent\textbf{Abstract}

\section*{Introduction}
\blindtext[10]

\end{document}


text:
Elaine Bartsch
January 5, 1937 - March 23, 2001
Elaine Louise Stahl Bartsch, 64, of Incline Ave., Wheeling, died Friday, March 23, 2001, in Wheeling Hospital.
She was born Jan. 5, 1937 in Wheeling, the daughter of the late Bernard and Helen Cardona Stahl.
She was an employee as a secretary at W.Va. Ohio Motor Sales, and a former employee of Stone and Thomas.
She was a 1954 graduate of Wheeling High School, an active member of St. Alphonsus Catholic Church, and was also active as a seamstress in the Wheeling area.
Surviving are her husband, Frank G. Bartsch; two sons, Frank P. Bartsch and his wife, Diane of Georgia, and Duane A. Bartsch and his wife, Shelly of Wheeling; two daughters, Cheryl Mendenhall and her husband, Thomas of Wheeling, and Elaine Dolan and her husband, Matt of Columbus, Ohio; a brother, Bernard L. Stahl Jr. of West Chester, Pa.; seven grandchildren, Bobby, Eric and Lee Mendenhall, Logan and Riley Bartsch, Brittany and Adam Dolan.
Friends received 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. Sunday at Altmeyer Funeral Home, 1400 Eoff St., Wheeling. Funeral liturgy with Mass will be celebrated at 10 a.m. Monday at St. Alphonsus Catholic Church, with the Rev. Patrick Condron as celebrant. Interment in Mount Calvary Cemetery, Wheeling. Vigil services at 8:30 p.m. Sunday.
Memorial contributions may be made to the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md., NCI Public Inquiries, Bldg., 31, Room 10A03, 31, Center Drive, MSC 2580, Bethesda, Md. 20892-2580.
Visitation Information
Vigil services at 8:30 p.m. Sunday.
Wheeling, WV 26003
304 232-4353 | Map
Date: Saturday, March 24, 2001
Bellaire, OH 43906
740-676-2426 Be | Map
Show your support Send Flowers
Becky Lowmiller posted on 5/30/01
Dear Frank, I was sorry to hear of the death of your beautiful wife of many years. I know what a struggle it was for her the past few years. May God be with you to comfort and watch over you!! Love, Becky Lowmiller
Mr. and Mrs. John Nolan and Family posted on 3/26/01
We are so sorry to hear of Elaine's passing. She was a wonderful person, who will be truely missed. I am sorry we couldn't be there for you in person. Love, KatyDolanNolan
Thank you so much for taking care of the family during this difficult time. You did a super job. May God bless you.


Aimed at inspiring and creating opportunities for long-term unemployed Aboriginal people aged 18+ to reach their full potential and gain employment.
The Wirrpanda Foundation's weekly FIT 4 WORK program for Indigenous Job Seekers runs every Thursday in East Vic Park. The activities are aimed at improving physical fitness, self-confidence, employability and networking opportunities. Consistent attendance at these weekly sessions is expected to vastly improve the opportunity to find full time employment.
The Foundation's mentors deliver the weekly program and provide mentoring support for participants whilst also improving the health and wellbeing of attendees.
Following the physical activity session job seekers will also participate in industry specific training and work readiness aimed at better preparing them for employment.
The VTEC (Vocational Training Employment Centre) operates in conjunction with all of the Wirrpanda Foundation programs, with the support and involvement of local Aboriginal communities and their leaders and will connect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander job seekers to guaranteed job opportunities, while providing support to maintain continuous employment.
Funded by the Federal Government, our VTEC is required to work with employers, to place and mentor Indigenous job seekers into meaningful long term employment.
Strengthening your business through diversity, our mission is to enhance our relationships with employers, to support your Indigenous employment participation. Through our expertise in recruitment and mentoring, the Wirrpanda VTEC specialises in finding you the right employees and working with them for successful long term employment.
The VTEC has established a pool of candidates with a spread of competencies and experience, all screened most heavily on their attitudinal/behavioural competencies for the types of work and environment, aiming to provide motivated, committed and strongly supported Indigenous employees for the workplace. The skill sets of the candidates are varied from seeking entry level exposure to some experienced roles based on their experience and exposure.
All job seekers that register with the VTEC complete an individual career and training plan with one of our experienced Recruiter/Mentors. This also encompasses an assessment that evaluates Commitment, Fitness for Work, Motivational Fit and Behavioural Competencies including Safety Awareness and Attitude, Performance Under Pressure, Teamwork and Communication.
We are looking for candidates who value continuous learning, have a strong awareness and commitment to safety and are looking to be part of a team focused culture and are interested in a rewarding and beneficial work opportunity. As you move through the stages, you will be strongly supported by our team's mentors and your specific training needs will be provided by our VTEC industry training partners. To be eligible for the VTEC program you must be a registered job seeker with the Department of Human Services and assigned a job active provider.
The Bidi Waalitj employment program, is an initiative between The Wirrpanda Foundation, West Coast Eagles and The Department of Jobs and Small Business the program works with Indigenous participants between 15-24 years of age in the Perth metro area to help place them into suitable employment.
The origin of the program's name comes from the Noongar nation, in particular the Wadjuk language group, where Bidi means 'path' and Waalitj translates to 'eagle'. The name was selected to represent the path of the eagle and signifies the valued partnership between the West Coast Eagles and Wirrpanda Foundation, as well as the journey to employment the program's participants will experience. The West Coast Eagles will play a pivotal role in the partnership, leveraging the club's strong business network to connect prospective employers to the program, resulting in real job outcomes for young Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders.
Each individual job seeker that comes into our office is supported by our Wirrpanda Foundation mentors to work on their individual plan and set their employment goals. We are seeking Candidates who are actively seeking full or part time employment, either in a traineeship, apprenticeship or through direct employment. As you move through the stages of the program you will be strongly supported by Bidi Waalitj mentors. Bidi Waalitj Mentors will also assist in linking you with potential employers in your preferred industry.
During the Program you will also be referred to The Wirrpanda Foundation's weekly program for Indigenous Job Seekers, FIT 4 WORK. FIT 4 WORK runs every Thursday in East Vic Park. The activities are aimed at improving physical fitness, self-confidence, employability and networking opportunities.
Our mission is to use our expertise in community engagement, Indigenous recruitment, mentoring and work ready programs to strengthen your business' diversity, support your Indigenousengagement strategy and help with the retention of your Indigenous staff.
The Wirrpanda Foundation in partnership with Communicare delivers the Australian Government's Transition to Work initiative in Perth's South East region, aimed at helping young people and early school leavers become work ready.
The Transition to Work program supports young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15-21 into education, training or employment by focusing on practical skills and mentoring support.
The key focus is to help young people understand what is expected in the workplace and to develop the skills, attitudes and behaviours that will enable them to find sustainable, long-term employment.
Delivered in partnership with Outcare, the Bunuru program provides intensive mentoring support and development for participants involved in youth justice across the key development areas of education, training and employment. A vocationally recognised Foundation Skills Package will be delivered in conjunction with project-based works.
The Wirrpanda Foundation delivers ISMAA under a subcontract agreement with Skill Hire.
ParentsNext aims to assist parents with young children to identify their education and employment goals and develop a pathway to be able to achieve those goals. The program also links participants to activities and services in the local community.
The Wirrpanda Foundation ParentsNext Program is run in partnership with Stirling Skills Training and is a provider for Ellenbrook / Aveley (Perth North).
have a youngest child aged under six years.
Centrelink will contact parents who need to participate in ParentsNext and connect them to their local provider or if you think you may meet the eligibility criteria please contact Ashlea or Kristen.
• Preparing for and finding work.
*Please note this program is for both Aboriginal and Non Aboriginal participants.
The Wirrpanda Foundation provides employment and training assistance only for the ReSet Program. For all other enquiries please contact.
The traineeship program sourced and selected employers to host six Sport and Recreation trainees throughout Western Australia. The Department of Local Government Sport and Cultural Industries, the WA Aboriginal Sports Council and WF are committed to improving the number and quality of Indigenous people working in sport and recreation in WA and this project aims to meet this objective. The program allows for participants to obtain on the job experience whilst completing a qualification.
Please note all traineeship positions have been filled.


The new Thomas Sabo Christmas collection is designed to enchant with "dream-style jewellery" celebrating a festival of love.
The focus is the Kingdom of Dreams range: crafted with attention to detail, the series features royal colour codes and "the magic of the night sky" making it ideal for a sparkling surprise under the Christmas tree, the German brand declares.
Handmade earrings in star and moon shapes, a filigree statement ring or the statement unicorn pendant offering "pure mysticism" make for easy gifts.
"These jewellery items are not only a real highlight as a holiday present, however: with their Victorian style, they add something special to any outfit throughout the year, also in combination with the other Thomas Sabo creations, layered to create your own distinctive look," the company declares.
And for those who want to "visually manifest their love with a symbol", a heart-shaped Angel Charm will be available as a complimentary token.
Starting November 15, customers you buy the exclusive Generation Charm Club collecting bracelet will receive the Angel Charm to add to their bracelet.
The Thomas Sabo Christmas collection, made from 925 Sterling silver, is available from all Thomas Sabo shops, online and from selected resellers.
Thomas Sabo designs and retails lifestyle products for women and men through a network of about 300 of its own stores across five continents and via 2800 trade partners.
The Thomas Sabo Christmas collection is not the first of the jeweller's fine creations to feature on our pages. Check out the stunning Buddhist-inspired works of art from July last year.


Pep Guardiola will let Sergio Aguero keep taking penalties for Manchester City as he warned any players that were not fully committed.
The Manchester City striker missed a spotkick against Tottenham in the first leg of their Champions League quarter-final, and the Blues now start the reverse fixture with a one-goal deficit.
Aguero has a wretched record in the Champions League - he has converted just three of nine in the competition, including qualifiers - and it is not the first time this season that a penalty miss could cost City; Riyad Mahrez blazed over at Anfield back in October, having been urged to take it despite an obviously unhappy Gabriel Jesus wanted to.
Guardiola, however, has no issues if his top scorer still thinks he should take the next penalty they get and explained that the players that really annoy him are those that don't help their teammates out.
"If he believes he's going to score, yeah. Penalties are in your head. I'm not going to call him by telephone from the bench [to see if he believes]. They have to know it," he said.
"It's the same with a guy who shoots the free-kick. They know they are going to score and can visualise the action, and it happens.
"I admire the guys who take the responsibility. I don't like when players don't want to play. I don't like that. When I see a player who can receive the ball and doesn't move to receive the ball, I don't like that because I cannot help them. We can help them with many things and make a lot of mistakes but if a player doesn't want to play there is nothing to do.
"That's why I admire the guys who take the responsibility of penalties and I know they suffer when they cannot score to help the team. In those situations, I will always be close to them and nothing changes."


text:
Jan Åge Fjørtoft (Gursken, Noruega, 10 de enero de 1967), es un exfutbolista noruego, se desempeñaba como segundo delantero. Ha jugado en una gran cantidad de clubes, anotando 219 goles en ellos, y ha jugado 71 partidos y marcado 20 goles con la selección de fútbol de Noruega.<ref>Ficha del jugador en Transfermarkt.es</ref

Clubes

Palmarés

Lillestrøm SK

 Tippeligaen: 1988-89

Referencias

Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Noruega en los años 1980
Futbolistas de Noruega en la Copa Mundial de 1994
Futbolistas del IL Hødd
Futbolistas del Hamarkameratene
Futbolistas del Lillestrøm SK
Futbolistas del SK Rapid Viena
Futbolistas del Swindon Town Football Club
Futbolistas del Middlesbrough Football Club
Futbolistas del Sheffield United Football Club
Futbolistas del Barnsley Football Club
Futbolistas del Eintracht Fráncfort en los años 1990
Futbolistas del Eintracht Fráncfort en los años 2000
Futbolistas del Stabæk IF

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Amy Tan: Unintended Memoir
Biography / Documentary
Available in: 720P.WEB 720P.WEB 1080P.WEB 1080P.WEB
Amy Tan: Unintended Memoir Subtitles
A look at the life and work of author Amy Tan.
James Redford
as Self
Reviewed by paul-allaer 7 /10
The life and times of author Amy Tan (RIP James Redford)
"Amy Tan: Unintended Memoir" (2021 release; 101min.) is a documentary about the life and times of "The Joy Luck Club" author. As the movie opens, Ms. Tan is introduced at the Lesher Speaker Series to give a talk about her life experiences. We then go back in time as we are introduced to Amy's parents, who arrived separately in California in the late 1940s to escape the chaos in China. Amy retells how her mother, not the easiest person in the world, would install a common sense about her Chinese heritage. But then at age 15, Amy's dad and her oldest brother both died within 6 months of each other due to illness... At this point we are less than 15 min. Into the documentary.
Couple of comments: this is the last documentary from director James Redford (son of Robert), who sadly pass away last Fall at age 58 resulting from cancer. As it turns out, this is one of his better documentaries, taking a close look at Amy Tan's life and times. I must admit, I didn't know much of her before seeing this (I have not read her breakthrough book, 1989's "The Joy Luck Club" not have I seen the 1993 big screen adaptation). In the end, the documentary feels as if it is more about a difficult mother-daughter relationship than it is just bout Amy Tan. And her mom's hidden story is revealed, layer after layer, Bottom line: this is a documentary well worth seeking out, regardless of how familiar or not (like I was) with Amy Tan you were beforehand.
"Amy Tan: Unintended Memoir" premiered on PBS this week as part of its ongoing "American Masters" franchise, and it is now available on PBS On Demand and other streaming services. I quite liked it, but of course don't take my word for it, so I encourage you to check this out and draw your own conclusion. RIP James Redford.
A Real Vermeer
The Other Boleyn Girl
Anne of the Thousand Days
Blood & Flesh: The Reel Life & Ghastly Death of Al Adamson
Unbroken: The Snowboard Life of Mark McMorris


I've been trying to get the hang of walkcycles and animation in general for a while now. This was a little test in which I played with the NLA editor, stride paths etc, as well as the compositor for a cool lighting effect (there are no lights in the scene, and it renders very fast). I thought it probably shouldn't count as a "finished work" but I wanted to show it off none the less.
The motions aren't smooth enough. Well, that's all I can think of to critic.
Looks smooth to me…I like it.


The Pink-footed Shearwater, Ardenna creatopus, is listed as in danger of extinction by Chile and under Annex 1 of ACAP, with an estimated global population of approximately 56,000 individuals. Incidental bycatch of this species in fisheries is thought to be an important cause in population decline (i.e. annual estimated mortality of >1000 adults). This species is an endemic breeder in Chile, nesting only on the Juan Fernandez Archipelago (JFI; 30% of global population), and Isla Mocha (70% of global population). Using miniature GPS and satellite transmitters, we determined foraging areas of Pink-footed Shearwaters during the chick-rearing period in 2002 (JFI) and 2015-2016 (Isla Mocha). We overlaid shearwater tracking data with data from the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) on fishing effort in Chile (type of fishery, number sets per day, location of sets, and target species) to identify fisheries and fishing zones with the greatest potential for Pink-footed Shearwater bycatch. During the 2002-2006 (N = 28 birds total) and 2015 (N = 18 birds) breeding periods, foraging areas were associated with the continental shelf and shelf-break, generally less than 30 km offshore. All foraging trips occurred between 31.5 and 40.0 degrees south, and birds remained in Chile territorial waters 100% of the time. We identified two primary foraging hotspots, one offshore near Talcahuano, Chile (approximately 36-37.5° south), and one offshore north of Valdivia, Chile (approximately 39-39.5° south). Birds tracked from the Juan Fernández Archipelago foraged in the Talcahuano hotspot but did not visit the southerly hotspot near Valdivia. Birds tracked from Isla Mocha used both areas, with a greater proportion of birds using the Valdivia hotspot than the Talcahuano hotspot. Other major areas of use were around the respective breeding colonies from which the birds were tracked. Overlay of these data with fisheries data is currently in progress. Preliminary results indicate extensive overlap of Pink-footed Shearwater foraging grounds with industrial and artisanal purse-seine fisheries within Chile, representing a significant risk of bycatch. Further work could be initiated to track Pink-footed Shearwaters during other life-stages (i.e. pre-breeding and incubation), and would enhance collaborative efforts with fisheries managers and fishers concerned with mitigating bycatch.


Synthetic garments are shedding tiny plastic fibers at an alarming rate, threatening wildlife that ingest the bits. Potential solutions include new textile blends, better washing machines and special filters. So far, a complete fix remains elusive.
In the years since Browne first approached the apparel industry, numerous additional studies have shown that synthetic microfibers shed by clothing and other manufactured products are being ingested by fish and shellfish, and can be found in food, drinks and even air. It's still unclear whether microfibers pose a real threat to the health of humans or other living things. Yet, under the specter that they might, academic, nonprofit and apparel industry scientists have started to look at ways to stem the flow of microfibers into the environment.
Several years ago the European Union funded a three-year, €1.2 million project known as Mermaids that involved a consortium of European textile experts and researchers along with the anti-plastic pollution group Plastic Soup Foundation. In May 2017, Mermaids issued a detailed report recommending changes in manufacturing synthetic textiles, including using coatings designed to reduce fiber loss. Thus far, no manufacturers have announced initiatives to test any of the report's findings or suggestions.
In early 2017, the Vancouver Aquarium, through its Coastal Ocean Research Institute (CORI), announced that it was launching a comprehensive microfiber study with the hope of eventually being able to trace microfibers found in the environment back to the specific brand and article of clothing from which they were shed. Funding for the project includes a $38,000 grant from Mountain Equipment Co-op as well as undisclosed sums from outdoor brands Arc'Teryx, Patagonia and REI.
Each of the retailers provided CORI Executive Director Peter Ross with samples of synthetic garments of various polymers, such as polyester and nylon, from their respective product lines. Ross and his team are running swatches of each sample through a battery of 90-day tests to see how they hold up to exposure to the elements. One set is placed in open air, where the swatches are exposed to wind, precipitation, temperature and humidity variations. One set is submerged in the bay water outside the aquarium, and exposed to biofouling, seawater, temperature variations, currents and aquatic life. A third set is submerged in fresh water.
The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) and ASTM International are involved in a standards-setting effort with EOG aimed at being able to pinpoint just how much fiber any given fabric or blend of fabrics will release in washing machines. Stevens says the EOG will work with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which most European brands use, to ensure compatibility so that textiles can be tested to a consistent set of protocols globally. The goal is to get a clearer understanding of exactly how apparel is contributing to microfiber pollution.
"[Shedding] has to do with the yarn twist. It has to do with the yarn fiber length, the fiber type, the yarn type as well as fabric density," says Jeffrey Silberman, professor and chairperson of textile development and marketing with the Fashion Institute of Technology at the State University of New York. "There are a million different things that go into whether a fiber is going to [shed from] that fabric." But, changes to the twist or using a different fabric content has a cascade of other impacts. "It affects the aesthetic, the performance, the cost of the product. It's a humongous problem," Silberman says.
Plastic microfibers like these, most no longer than a grain of sand, are shed by synthetic clothing when we wash them. They end up in natural water bodies because they are not filtered out by washing machines or most wastewater treatment plants.
Apparel brands Vaude, Adidas and Polartec and WWF Germany are among the organizations that have embarked on a research program called Textile Mission, backed by a €1.7 million grant from Germany's Federal Ministry of Education and Research. For the three-year project, the partners are contributing material and subject expertise toward collaboratively developing new fabrics and technologies that will reduce microfiber pollution, but are also "practical and feasible and scalable within the regular outdoor and sports supply chains," says Hilke Patzwall, Vaude's senior manager of corporate social responsibility.
Vaude is testing biodegradable fibers. It is already using Tencel, a brand of lyocell cellulosic (wood-derived) polymer, in place of petroleum-based polymers in some of its products. According to Tencel manufacturer Lenzing, the fabric has been certified as biodegradable in seawater, based on a series of ASTM testing standards.
Mango Materials, a Berkeley, California-based startup, has been developing a biodegradable plastic using polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), derived from waste methane, for the past eight years. CEO Molly Morse and her colleagues stumbled upon a winning recipe for a PHA fiber last summer.
Morse says it could take about two years to get to a point where their material could be mass-produced and used in apparel or other textiles. The company does not intend to sell its products to companies that will use common textile treatments that are also persistent pollutants in the environment, such as PFCs (per- and polyfluorinated chemicals), she says.
"When we think about solutions for the ocean, at present, biodegradable bioplastics are not a solution," Mallos says.
Another California company, Intrinsic Textiles Group, makes Ciclo, an additive that is designed to hasten the biodegradation of shed fibers in wastewater or within a marine environment when applied to synthetic apparel during manufacturing. Ciclo claims that microbes present in wastewater treatment facilities consume the treated material. Company cofounder Andrea Ferris says 10 percent of fibers coated with its additive are consumed, based on lab tests performed to measure the rate of biodegradation in a simulated anaerobic-digester such as those used to process sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant.
Ferris is working with four apparel brands that plan to release products using the additive next year. Some people, such as Karin North, watershed protection manager for the City of Palo Alto, remain skeptical of the company's claims, though.
Laundering appears to be a key way microfibers make their way into the environment, and some washing machine filters – like those homeowners with septic systems sometimes use to reduce clogging – could become an effective way to keep microfibers from entering wastewater. In an unpublished study, microplastics researcher Chelsea Rochman of the University of Toronto found that a product called the Lint LUV-R collected 87 percent of all fibers released during washing. But installing such devices can be an expensive plumbing job.
Though the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers is paying attention to microfiber pollution, "AHAM believes that this issue would be best managed early in the textile life cycle," says association spokesperson Jill Notini.
Developing a clear understanding of the extent and consequences of microfiber pollution – and what can be done to mitigate any negative impacts – is going to take meaningful, long-term collaboration among scientists, policymakers, appliance manufacturers and the entire textile industry. But consumers may ultimately be the key.
Fast fashion – inexpensive but stylish clothing – "is where the change has to start," Silberman says, noting the tremendous volume of apparel that brands such as H&M and Zara produce, as well as the influence they have on the textile supply chain.
This article was originally published by Ensia.com. This is the final installment in a three-part series on the emerging threat of microfiber pollution. Part one investigated where microfibers come from and where they are found in the environment. Part two explored the implications for the environment and human health.


Dark Messengers is titled after a 1919 collection by the great Peruvian modernist poet César Vallejo. In Los Heraldos Negros, Vallejo's poetic attention is directed inward to the conflicts and wounds that characterize the modern psyche; as a photographer I turn my lens outward to the wounds and conflicts that characterize the modernity of the Americas. This allows me to engage with the complex histories of modern street and landscape photography as well as my own relationship to this history. Over the last 5 years I have journeyed between my two homes: the American West and South America using my camera to discover traces in the landscape, making visible patterns of inhabitation, loss, and erasure. Dark Messengers is an evolving visual poem set in these troubled, vulnerable Americas, and asks: whose histories are worth recording and whose are not and why?– and how?
Tarrah Krajnak lives and works in Los Angeles, CA.
To view more of Tarrah's work, please visit her website.
All images from Dark Messengers are Silver Gelatin Prints, 2.75 x 4 inches on 8 x 10 inch Ilford semi-matte warm tone fiber paper.


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Home / Featured / DEADPOOL Red Band Trailer is Here!
DEADPOOL Red Band Trailer is Here!
Red Band Deadpool trailer has debuted online after making its world premiere on Conan. You'll also find the Green Band version of the trailer. We all wanted a Deadpool that was done right, and it looks like we're going to get it!
Based upon Marvel Comics' most unconventional anti-hero, Deadpool tells the origin story of former Special Forces operative turned mercenary Wade Wilson, who after being subjected to a rogue experiment that leaves him with accelerated healing powers, adopts the alter ego Deadpool. Armed with his new abilities and a dark, twisted sense of humor, Deadpool hunts down the man who nearly destroyed his life.
Ryan Reynolds stars as the title character alongside T.J. Miller as Weasel, Gina Carano as Angel Dust, Brianna Hildebrand as Negasonic Teenage Warhead, Morena Baccarin as Copycat and Ed Skrein as Ajax. The film will also feature the mutant Colossus, though Daniel Cudmore has confirmed he will not appear as the character. Reynolds has also expressed a desire that Hugh Jackman might cameo as Wolverine, though it remains unconfirmed as to whether or not he will actually appear.
Tim Miller is directing the movie from a script by Zombieland writers Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick.
Deadpool Release Date is February 12, 2016.
Related ItemsdeadpoolDeadpool movieDeadpool Movie castDeadpool photosDeadpool Trailerfeaturedmovies


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Macroeconomic & Geopolitical
What We Already Know About The Recovery
May 2020 – 3 min read
And why bonds and stocks may not be pricing in such different outcomes.
The headlines look confusing, the virus remains a mystery and earnings reports have abandoned all future guidance, but elements of the next global economy are already coming into focus and they may help explain the apparent contradiction between jittery bond investors and their more sanguine counterparts in stocks.
The early '20s will deliver even less growth and even more technology than the late teens, which will likely keep inflation at bay. There will also be more inequality and angrier politics, which will likely underpin a lot more government spending.
It may be nasty, brutish and long, but it will be a recovery.
The sporadic and differentiated reopenings around the world will bring relief to some, dread to others and a little of both to the rest of us who are lucky enough to still have workplaces awaiting our return. The path to "normal" looks worrying because fresh spikes in COVID-19 seem likely to delay or reverse the process in some places, even if another undifferentiated global–or even national–lockdown looks unlikely.
Recall that growth prospects weren't all that great going into this crisis, even after the longest U.S. recovery on record. The secular headwinds from demographics, globalization and technology were hotly debated, but the record was clear.
Now we emerge with these same headwinds and a world of flagging confidence and battered balance sheets. Corporate debts have risen and household spending has collapsed. Construction already underway may be completed, but fresh projects will be postponed. Famously profligate American consumers are hoarding cash against an uncertain future, meaning new cars and splashy vacations will go on hold.
For some industries, the damage will be permanent. Restaurant operators in one survey give themselves a 30% chance of survival if the crisis lasts more than four months. Having forced a test of remote operations, many firms already envision a world with smaller office footprints and less business travel.
If this is the low-growth, low-inflation future that the bond market envisions, stock investors take comfort in the steadfast commitment of governments and central banks to underwrite the recovery, as uneven and grinding as it might be.
The massive interventions we have seen from governments and central banks around the world may slow, but they look unlikely to stop. Nancy Pelosi's $3 trillion proposal looks more like a political ploy, but there is surely a bipartisan Congressional majority backing additional money. In Europe, Japan and China, governments are still focused on supporting recovery. Without a whiff of inflation in the air, central banks are too.
Moreover, as politics turn more populist in many democracies, new candidates arguing for fiscal restraint don't seem to stand much of a chance. With most manual labor difficult to conduct amid social distancing measures, poor and working-class families have been disproportionately hurt by the lockdown. They seem likely to emerge demanding even more support from their governments and showing even less concern for the long-term fiscal consequences.
Finally, the technology that is squeezing costs and helping keep inflation in check may also drive attractive returns where firms understand how to adapt. Whether in mining or finance or manufacturing, managers who incorporate the potential gains from cloud storage or artificial intelligence into their business models can pay off their coronavirus debts and likely earn handsome profits. The laggards will probably sink.
With low government yields everywhere, investors can even justify some of the steep price-to-earnings multiples that have raised so many eyebrows. Of course, there will still be unexpected downgrades and surprise bankruptcies. Even if some markets look overly optimistic about the grim recovery ahead, next quarter will likely be better than this quarter, and next year will likely be better than this year.
Naturally, this modest trajectory faces risks. A mutation in the virus that accelerates its contagion might trigger another much broader shutdown. Angry politics that turn decisively against globalization could require supply chains to realign much closer to home, leading to price spikes, inflation and the end of central bank support.
For now, however, the months ahead will look a lot like the scene in the 1951 classic The African Queen, when Humphrey Bogart understands that further progress down river requires him to climb overboard and haul his boat through overgrown, muddy waters infested with detested leeches. The progress is slow and grim, but open waters ultimately lie ahead.
Christopher Smart, PhD, CFA
Chief Global Strategist & Head of the Barings Investment Institute
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Our Vision: Every Child Succeeds
The mission of the Denver Public Schools is to provide all students the opportunity to achieve the knowledge and skills necessary to become contributing citizens in our diverse society.
Keep watching as Denver Public Schools continues to challenge itself, reform and grow.
Supporting Brighter Futures for All Students
In DPS, we're focused on building a system that's designed to help every student thrive. We're re-focusing our efforts where they matter most: on creating classrooms that are vibrant centers of learning, where caring teachers are engaging their students in rigorous, culturally responsive experiences in order to lift all students toward a bright horizon.
In the last ten years, DPS has experienced unprecedented growth and an expansion of programs.
Building on the strong progress we've made, we want to continue transforming DPS into a school district grounded in equity. This districtwide focus on equity will be embedded in everything we do, so that we can help break historical patterns and become a school district that is designed to inspire every student to dream big and make their own future.
Denver students outpace their classmates statewide in academic progress.
In 2006, DPS students posted the lowest year-to-year academic progress on state reading and math tests of Colorado's 12 largest school district. Today, DPS students lead all those districts in combined reading and math year-to-year academic growth.
Families are choosing DPS.
Enrollment in preschool through grade 12 has grown nearly 28% since 2005, up to 93,356 in fall 2018.
More DPS students are staying in school and graduating, and more of our graduates are going to college.
Our four-year, on-time graduation rate increased from 66% in 2017 to 70.2% in 2018, which means 317 more of our students graduated. For our students who start with us in ninth grade, their likelihood for success is even greater. Our class of 2018 saw a 77.4% graduation rate for students who were enrolled in DPS schools all four years. Our graduation numbers have been on the rise for more than a decade — up from just 39% in 2007.
Our dropout rate is declining. In 2005-06, 11% of DPS students dropped out of school compared to a 4.1% dropout rate in 2017-18.
The number of DPS students enrolling in college the fall after high school graduation has increased 92% from 2005. In the fall of 2018, 2,461 DPS graduates enrolled in college. In 2005, that number was 1,282.
DPS graduates from the class of 2018 enrolled in 322 different colleges around the world.
Throughout our district, students are provided with opportunities to explore career paths and plan for their futures, and they are getting a headstart on paths toward meaningful careers and college credits.
Free college in high school is helping put our students on a clear path to success. Last year alone, DPS students earned 54,000 college credits while enrolled in high school! Based on average college tuition rates, this equals more than $8.7 million in savings in college costs for DPS students and families.
Last year, DPS graduates also received more than $85 million in scholarships.
Students who would be traditionally underrepresented in Colorado's highest-growth industries are now accessing those same industries while in high school through programs and paid work experiences like internships and apprenticeships. In what is now a national model, our DPS CareerConnect program has grown from 5,600 middle and high schoolers back in 2015 to more than 12,600 in 2018.
We're working together to close gaps that lead to inequities in access to higher education and a great career. Today in DPS, more Latinx and African-American graduates are enrolling in college and earning college credits for free while in high school.
In 2006, 711 African-American and Latinx graduates enrolled in college the fall after high school, compared to 1,413 in 2018.
Access to college prep courses also increased dramatically for traditionally underserved students. Latinx and African-American students saw a nearly eight-fold increase in college credits earned by passing AP exams during this time. The number of exams successfully passed grew from 198 in 2006 to 1,573 in 2018.
We're creating a culture that supports the whole child.
In DPS, we are committed to providing equitable and inclusive environments where we ensure students are healthy, supported, engaged, challenged, safe, and socially and emotionally intelligent.
We support student growth for all students through a variety of programs, including social-emotional learning, social workers, school psychologists, nursing services, health centers and community partnerships.
With a focus on scratch-made food, our Garden-to-Cafeteria program provides an opportunity for our students to grow fresh vegetables in their school gardens with the goal of supplying some of their harvest to the school cafeterias.
We celebrate our diversity.
In DPS, nearly 37,500 of our students are English Language Learners. More than 170 languages are spoken in our schools, including Spanish, Arabic, Vietnamese, Amharic, Somali, French, Nepali, Mandarin, Russian and Tigrigna!
English Language Learners in DPS have moved from trailing their peers statewide to outperforming them. In 2005, these Denver students were 11 percentage points below their peers statewide in reading, nine points behind in writing and 10 points below in math. In 2017, DPS English language learners outperformed their peers statewide by five points in reading and writing, and three points in math.
To learn more about DPS growth and progress, please email communications@dpsk12.org.
Learn More About DPS
Facts & Figures »
DPS Strategic Plan: Denver Plan 2020 »
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When you drink tea, it rejuvenates you and gives you all the energy that you need to continue with your work. Whenever you feel the need to boost your energy, you simply grab your cup of tea and spend some time with yourself to get motivation to finish your unfinished tasks.
Dreaming of drinking tea means spiritual enlightenment. You are looking forward to build a stronger connection with yourself, if you dream of sipping on hot tea. If you feel rejuvenated or all freshened up in your dream, after drinking tea, it means that you are going to have a stronger mental stability in your life.
Dreaming of drinking tea with friends is a signal to take a break from your hectic schedule. It is okay to work hard to earn money, but money is not the only thing that you need in your life. you've got to meet your friends and socialize to get the best out of your life.
Dreaming of drinking tea with your enemies indicates peace. People drink tea with those on whom they trust or begin trusting. If the tea is poisoned, you should be very alert and make plans to defend yourself in your waking life.
The moment you sip hot tea, you feel satisfied and all of your stress is relieved. Dreaming of drinking hot ginger tea indicates happiness and good fortune.
Dreaming of drinking green tea means internal cleansing. You are internally a very beautiful person or you are trying to change yourself for good and the others have already started noticing the good in you!
Dreaming of hurting your tongue by drinking hot tea means that you are unable to judge people in your waking life.
Sipping on tea alone - You are going to be spiritually strong in your life, if you get such a dream.
Sipping on tea with strangers - You are going to increase your social circle, if you get such a dream.
Spilling tea - You are going to be frustrated in your life, if you get such a dream.	This suggests that the dreamer could be more resolute in his opinions and more decisive in his manner.


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