text:
package org.apache.phoenix.pig.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Time;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.phoenix.pig.writable.PhoenixPigDBWritable;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PBinary;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PBoolean;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PChar;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PDataType;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PDate;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PDecimal;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PDouble;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PFloat;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PInteger;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PLong;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PSmallint;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PTime;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PTimestamp;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PTinyint;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PUnsignedDate;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PUnsignedDouble;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PUnsignedFloat;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PUnsignedInt;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PUnsignedLong;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PUnsignedSmallint;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PUnsignedTime;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PUnsignedTimestamp;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PUnsignedTinyint;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PVarbinary;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PVarchar;
import org.apache.pig.PigException;
import org.apache.pig.ResourceSchema.ResourceFieldSchema;
import org.apache.pig.backend.hadoop.hbase.HBaseBinaryConverter;
import org.apache.pig.data.DataByteArray;
import org.apache.pig.data.DataType;
import org.apache.pig.data.Tuple;
import org.apache.pig.data.TupleFactory;
import org.joda.time.DateTime;

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap.Builder;

public final class TypeUtil {

    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(TypeUtil.class);
    private static final HBaseBinaryConverter BINARY_CONVERTER = new HBaseBinaryConverter();
    private static final ImmutableMap<PDataType, Byte> PHOENIX_TO_PIG_TYPE = init();
    private static final TupleFactory TUPLE_FACTORY = TupleFactory.getInstance();

    private TypeUtil() {}

    /**
     * @return map of Phoenix to Pig data types.
     */
    private static ImmutableMap<PDataType, Byte> init() {
        final ImmutableMap.Builder<PDataType, Byte> builder = new Builder<PDataType, Byte>();
        builder.put(PLong.INSTANCE, DataType.LONG);
        builder.put(PVarbinary.INSTANCE, DataType.BYTEARRAY);
        builder.put(PChar.INSTANCE, DataType.CHARARRAY);
        builder.put(PVarchar.INSTANCE, DataType.CHARARRAY);
        builder.put(PDouble.INSTANCE, DataType.DOUBLE);
        builder.put(PFloat.INSTANCE, DataType.FLOAT);
        builder.put(PInteger.INSTANCE, DataType.INTEGER);
        builder.put(PTinyint.INSTANCE, DataType.INTEGER);
        builder.put(PSmallint.INSTANCE, DataType.INTEGER);
        builder.put(PDecimal.INSTANCE, DataType.BIGDECIMAL);
        builder.put(PTime.INSTANCE, DataType.DATETIME);
        builder.put(PTimestamp.INSTANCE, DataType.DATETIME);
        builder.put(PBoolean.INSTANCE, DataType.BOOLEAN);
        builder.put(PDate.INSTANCE, DataType.DATETIME);
        builder.put(PUnsignedDate.INSTANCE, DataType.DATETIME);
        builder.put(PUnsignedDouble.INSTANCE, DataType.DOUBLE);
        builder.put(PUnsignedFloat.INSTANCE, DataType.FLOAT);
        builder.put(PUnsignedInt.INSTANCE, DataType.INTEGER);
        builder.put(PUnsignedLong.INSTANCE, DataType.LONG);
        builder.put(PUnsignedSmallint.INSTANCE, DataType.INTEGER);
        builder.put(PUnsignedTime.INSTANCE, DataType.DATETIME);
        builder.put(PUnsignedTimestamp.INSTANCE, DataType.DATETIME);
        builder.put(PUnsignedTinyint.INSTANCE, DataType.INTEGER);
        return builder.build();
    }

    /**
     * This method returns the most appropriate PDataType associated with the incoming Pig type. Note for Pig DataType
     * DATETIME, returns DATE as inferredSqlType. This is later used to make a cast to targetPhoenixType accordingly.
     * See {@link #castPigTypeToPhoenix(Object, byte, PDataType)}
     *
     * @param obj
     * @return PDataType
     */
    public static PDataType getType(Object obj, byte type) {
        if (obj == null) { return null; }
        PDataType sqlType;

        switch (type) {
        case DataType.BYTEARRAY:
            sqlType = PVarbinary.INSTANCE;
            break;
        case DataType.CHARARRAY:
            sqlType = PVarchar.INSTANCE;
            break;
        case DataType.DOUBLE:
        case DataType.BIGDECIMAL:
            sqlType = PDouble.INSTANCE;
            break;
        case DataType.FLOAT:
            sqlType = PFloat.INSTANCE;
            break;
        case DataType.INTEGER:
            sqlType = PInteger.INSTANCE;
            break;
        case DataType.LONG:
        case DataType.BIGINTEGER:
            sqlType = PLong.INSTANCE;
            break;
        case DataType.BOOLEAN:
            sqlType = PBoolean.INSTANCE;
            break;
        case DataType.DATETIME:
            sqlType = PDate.INSTANCE;
            break;
        case DataType.BYTE:
            sqlType = PTinyint.INSTANCE;
            break;
        default:
            throw new RuntimeException("Unknown type " + obj.getClass().getName() + " passed to PhoenixHBaseStorage");
        }

        return sqlType;

    }

    /**
     * This method encodes a value with Phoenix data type. It begins with checking whether an object is BINARY and makes
     * a call to {@link #castBytes(Object, PDataType)} to convert bytes to targetPhoenixType. It returns a {@link RuntimeException}
     * when object can not be coerced.
     *
     * @param o
     * @param targetPhoenixType
     * @return Object
     */
    public static Object castPigTypeToPhoenix(Object o, byte objectType, PDataType targetPhoenixType) {
        PDataType inferredPType = getType(o, objectType);

        if (inferredPType == null) { return null; }

        if (inferredPType == PVarbinary.INSTANCE) {
            try {
                o = castBytes(o, targetPhoenixType);
                if (targetPhoenixType != PVarbinary.INSTANCE && targetPhoenixType != PBinary.INSTANCE) {
                    inferredPType = getType(o, DataType.findType(o));
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Error while casting bytes for object " + o);
            }
        }
        if (inferredPType == PDate.INSTANCE) {
            int inferredSqlType = targetPhoenixType.getSqlType();

            if (inferredSqlType == Types.DATE) { return new Date(((DateTime)o).getMillis()); }
            if (inferredSqlType == Types.TIME) { return new Time(((DateTime)o).getMillis()); }
            if (inferredSqlType == Types.TIMESTAMP) { return new Timestamp(((DateTime)o).getMillis()); }
        }

        if (targetPhoenixType == inferredPType || inferredPType.isCoercibleTo(targetPhoenixType)) { return inferredPType
                .toObject(o, targetPhoenixType); }

        throw new RuntimeException(o.getClass().getName() + " cannot be coerced to " + targetPhoenixType.toString());
    }

    /**
     * This method converts bytes to the target type required for Phoenix. It uses {@link HBaseBinaryConverter} for the
     * conversion.
     *
     * @param o
     * @param targetPhoenixType
     * @return Object
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static Object castBytes(Object o, PDataType targetPhoenixType) throws IOException {
        byte[] bytes = ((DataByteArray)o).get();

        if (PDataType.equalsAny(targetPhoenixType, PChar.INSTANCE, PVarchar.INSTANCE)) {
            return BINARY_CONVERTER.bytesToCharArray(bytes);
        } else if (PDataType.equalsAny(targetPhoenixType, PUnsignedSmallint.INSTANCE, PSmallint.INSTANCE)) {
            return BINARY_CONVERTER.bytesToInteger(bytes).shortValue();
        } else if (PDataType.equalsAny(targetPhoenixType, PUnsignedTinyint.INSTANCE, PTinyint.INSTANCE)) {
            return BINARY_CONVERTER.bytesToInteger(bytes).byteValue();
        } else if (PDataType.equalsAny(targetPhoenixType, PUnsignedInt.INSTANCE, PInteger.INSTANCE)) {
            return BINARY_CONVERTER.bytesToInteger(bytes);
        } else if (targetPhoenixType.equals(PBoolean.INSTANCE)) {
            return BINARY_CONVERTER.bytesToBoolean(bytes);
        } else if (PDataType.equalsAny(targetPhoenixType, PFloat.INSTANCE, PUnsignedFloat.INSTANCE)) {
            return BINARY_CONVERTER.bytesToFloat(bytes);
        } else if (PDataType.equalsAny(targetPhoenixType, PDouble.INSTANCE, PUnsignedDouble.INSTANCE)) {
            return BINARY_CONVERTER.bytesToDouble(bytes);
        } else if (PDataType.equalsAny(targetPhoenixType, PUnsignedLong.INSTANCE, PLong.INSTANCE)) {
            return BINARY_CONVERTER.bytesToLong(bytes);
        } else if (PDataType.equalsAny(targetPhoenixType, PVarbinary.INSTANCE, PBinary.INSTANCE)) {
            return bytes;
        } else {
            return o;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Transforms the PhoenixRecord to Pig {@link Tuple}.
     *
     * @param record
     * @param projectedColumns
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static Tuple transformToTuple(final PhoenixPigDBWritable record, final ResourceFieldSchema[] projectedColumns)
            throws IOException {

        List<Object> columnValues = record.getValues();
        if (columnValues == null || columnValues.size() == 0 || projectedColumns == null
                || projectedColumns.length != columnValues.size()) { return null; }
        int numColumns = columnValues.size();
        Tuple tuple = TUPLE_FACTORY.newTuple(numColumns);
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < numColumns; i++) {
                final ResourceFieldSchema fieldSchema = projectedColumns[i];
                Object object = columnValues.get(i);
                if (object == null) {
                    tuple.set(i, null);
                    continue;
                }

                switch (fieldSchema.getType()) {
                case DataType.BYTEARRAY:
                    byte[] bytes = PDataType.fromTypeId(PBinary.INSTANCE.getSqlType()).toBytes(object);
                    tuple.set(i, new DataByteArray(bytes, 0, bytes.length));
                    break;
                case DataType.CHARARRAY:
                    tuple.set(i, DataType.toString(object));
                    break;
                case DataType.DOUBLE:
                    tuple.set(i, DataType.toDouble(object));
                    break;
                case DataType.FLOAT:
                    tuple.set(i, DataType.toFloat(object));
                    break;
                case DataType.INTEGER:
                    tuple.set(i, DataType.toInteger(object));
                    break;
                case DataType.LONG:
                    tuple.set(i, DataType.toLong(object));
                    break;
                case DataType.BOOLEAN:
                    tuple.set(i, DataType.toBoolean(object));
                    break;
                case DataType.DATETIME:
                    if (object instanceof java.sql.Timestamp)
                        tuple.set(i,new DateTime(((java.sql.Timestamp)object).getTime()));
                    else
                        tuple.set(i,new DateTime(object));
                    break;
                case DataType.BIGDECIMAL:
                    tuple.set(i, DataType.toBigDecimal(object));
                    break;
                case DataType.BIGINTEGER:
                    tuple.set(i, DataType.toBigInteger(object));
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new RuntimeException(String.format(" Not supported [%s] pig type", fieldSchema));
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            final String errorMsg = String.format(" Error transforming PhoenixRecord to Tuple [%s] ", ex.getMessage());
            LOG.error(errorMsg);
            throw new PigException(errorMsg);
        }
        return tuple;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the mapping pig data type for a given phoenix data type.
     *
     * @param phoenixDataType
     * @return
     */
    public static Byte getPigDataTypeForPhoenixType(final PDataType phoenixDataType) {
        Preconditions.checkNotNull(phoenixDataType);
        final Byte pigDataType = PHOENIX_TO_PIG_TYPE.get(phoenixDataType);
        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
            LOG.debug(String.format(" For PhoenixDataType [%s] , pigDataType is [%s] ",
                    phoenixDataType.getSqlTypeName(), DataType.findTypeName(pigDataType)));
        }
        return pigDataType;
    }

}


Hollywood heroes have also got the Amaral treatment. She has returned to James Dean more than once, while a young Grace Kelly and Debbie Reynolds look vibrant in colour.
But it's not all war and atrocity. Amaral also likes breathing new life into some of the best-known faces in human history. Here's a youthful John F. Kennedy in 1957.
Amaral thinks this is the most powerful image she has created. It features a 14-year-old Polish girl, Czeslawa Kwoka, who was sent to the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz with her mother in 1942. Both died within three months.
She started with a portrait of an American Civil War soldier. Her first effort was "horrendous," Amaral says, but she was "really proud" when it was finished. "I am a very curious and creative person," she says.
"I received a video showing a woman's reaction when receiving a photo of her parents that I restored," the artists says. "It was a Christmas gift that her son gave to her. She cried after seeing the photo, and I cried watching the video.
Amaral is also commissioned by publishers, magazines, TV stations, and museums. "Each segment is different and wants different types of photos, so it's really fun to work with people from all of these areas," she says.
The 21-year-old is drawn to emotive pictures of conflict, but she also breathes life into iconic figures from history in a way you have never seen before. Scroll on to see some Amaral's most arresting and moving work.
Private commissions are a big part of her work, and one was particularly memorable.
And this? This is Amaral. She tells Business Insider her dream project would be to restore images of Ancient Egypt — but that might just be the one Photoshop job that proves too challenging for the talented Brazilian.
Brazilian artist Marina Amaral has an amazing talent for transforming black-and-white photos into colour.
Photos can take from 40 minutes to multiple months to complete. "Each photo has a different level of complexity and details, and that's what will determine how long the process will take," she says.
Amaral also spotlights everyday people, like this family gathered around a water fountain in New York City's Central Park.
SEE ALSO: These photos show how your face changes from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.
From big-screen royalty to a real queen: This is a 14-year-old Queen Elizabeth II.
And a relaxed Thomas Edison, often described as America's greatest inventor.
"I've always been fascinated by history since I was a kid," artist Marina Amaral told Business Insider. She stumbled upon some colourised historical images on an internet forum and "felt instantly tempted to give it a go.
" Amaral has now built a career out of her hobby.
Driven by a fascination for history, she is lovingly faithful to the image's context. It's a painstaking process, she tells Business Insider, involving intense research and often months of Photoshop work.


text:
Алексе́й Серге́евич Селезнёв (, Тамбов — , Бордо) — российский, позднее французский шахматист и .

Биография
Начал выступать в московских соревнованиях: чемпионат Москвы (1910) — 2-е; 1913 — 1-2-е места. Участник побочного турнира международного шахматного конгресса в Мангейме (1914); с началом войны он вместе с другими русскими шахматистами был интернирован в Германии. Выступал во всех турнирах русских военнопленных; лучший результат — 2-е место (1915). Сыграл вничью матч с Х. Фарни — 3 : 3 (1916; +2 −2 =2) и выиграл матч у К. Барделебена — 4 : 2 (1920; +2 −0 =4), занял 2-е и 1-е место в «четверных турнирах» в Берлине (1919); по итогам этих соревнований удостоен звания мастера. Международные турниры в Остраве (1923) — 4-е и в Мерано (1924) — 4-5-е места.

В 1924 году вернулся в СССР. Успешно выступил в 3-м чемпионате страны (1924): 6-8-е места. Победитель турнира на первенство Украины (1927; вне конкурса).

В 1942 году город Донецк (тогда называвшийся «Сталино»), где жил Селезнёв, был оккупирован гитлеровской армией. Селезнёв некоторое время работал переводчиком в местной управе; с подходом советских войск он, опасаясь обвинения в коллаборационизме, при помощи эмигранта Е. Д. Боголюбова перебрался сначала к нему в Триберг, а затем во Францию, где и остался до конца жизни.

Избранные этюды

Этот этюд — образец захватывающей борьбы, остроумной с обеих сторон и напряжённой до последнего момента. В начальной позиции чёрные собираются перевести коня на поле c5, после чего ничья им обеспечена.
Решение.
1. c5! Кe6 (после 1…dc 2. Лd7 Кe6 3. Лe7 белые выигрывают без труда)
2. cd!! К:d8
3. dc Кb7!
4. c8Л! К:a5
5. Лc5! Кb7
6. Лc6×

Книги
 Селезнев А. С. 100 шахматных этюдов, М. — Л., 1940.
 (переиздание) Творчество мастера А. Селезнева // Сборник шахматных задач, этюдов, головоломок.— М.: АСТ; Донецк: Сталкер, 2004.— С. 125—182. ISBN 5-17-023427-9 (АСТ). ISBN 966-696-464-3 (Сталкер). Здесь перепечатан текст книги Селезнёва 1940 г.
 (переиздание) Алексей Селезнев. 100 шахматных этюдов. Практикум по эндшпилю. М.: Русский Шахматный Дом, 2013. 104с. ISBN 978-5-94693-278-3.

Литература

 Бондаренко Ф. С. Развитие шахматного этюда. Киев: Здоров'я, 1982. Стр. 130—134.
 Нейштадт В. И., Пак В. Н. Князь Мышкин шахматного царства. О жизни и творчестве мастера Селезнева.— Донецк: «Донетчина», 2007. — 336 с.— (Серия «Забытые имена»)

Ссылки

  (см. продолжение в части 17)

Шахматисты России
Шахматисты СССР
Спортсмены Донецка
Русские эмигранты второй волны во Франции

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text:
By Chris Schubert Jul 26, 2016, 7:01am EDT
Photo by Bob Levey/Getty Images
The Cubs finally finished up the deal that netted them closer Aroldis Chapman, but it came at a pretty hefty price.
That overpay seemed to come at the right time, from our own Mike Bates.
And this move, to at MLBDD's own Jen Mac Ramos, saw two teams value business and profit over character.
If the Dodgers can get Chris Sale, they are willing to include Julio Urias in a deal.
Fellow LA team, the Angels, are listening in on left-handed starter Hector Santiago.
After Chapman has been moved, the price for relievers may go up, especially for ones under control. For example, the Royals are asking for a bigger deal than the Yankees got for their closer, Wade Davis.
Looking at the metrics, is Odubel Herrera a good defensive center fielder?
In the end, all of this circles back to our original assumption about Herrera as a defensive outfielder: that being a recent convert to the position will result in him being a bit rough around the edges. At the risk of coming to a conclusion that's a bit of a cop out, I think the truth about Herrera's defense lies somewhere in between his 2015 and 2016 numbers. He's demonstrated a remarkable natural ability at the position but also shown a frustrating inconsistency in realizing that ability. It's also important to keep in mind that he's just 24 years old and not even 18 months into his career as a center fielder. As a result, I find myself leaning on the optimistic side of things and seeing room for future growth and development as a defender in Herrera's future.
Here is a roundup of news from around the National League West.
After moving Chapman, the Yankees are now shopping right-hander Ivan Nova.
More trade deadline previews, hot off the presses, with the Padres, the Rockies, and the Dodgers.
Despite the cutting up of jerseys, White Sox general manager Rick Hahn says that Chris Sale is still an asset to the team.
Twins prospect Max Kepler has found his power swing on the controller, but can it last?
Of his 10 home runs, four of them have below a .300 average on similar batted balls. This means that depending on park, elevation, and weather conditions these balls are most often caught for fly ball outs. On the other hand, five of his home runs have an average higher than .700, so more often than not those batted balls do become hits. Even though the typical averages of his batted ball types vary greatly, it sticks out that seven of Kepler's 10 home runs have an expected HR percentage below 12 percent. Certainly we are in the infancy of using Statcast data to analyze batted balls, but it's safe to say that some of these were not 'no doubters'.
All of this is not intended to discredit Max Kepler and claim his power is a mirage. His home runs are not all wall scrapers, and it's absolutely possible that he will develop 25-30 home run power in the future. It's simply to say that his pace right now appears unsustainable. He has only 209 plate appearances in the bigs, and pitchers will find his weaknesses. Kepler has been successful so far at doing what the scouts had said he must, turn those doubles into home runs, but based on how he's hitting them right now, some of them will probably turn back into doubles.
Today in Baseball History: In 1948, Babe Ruth makes his last public appearance at the premiere of the movie, The Babe Ruth Story. Three week later, he will die.
Question of the Day: Are the Yankees in full sell mode?
MLB, MLBPA resumed CBA talks Thursday although progress was minimal, per report Those looking for big progress towards ending MLB's work stoppage on Thursday are likely going to be disappointing.

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Born in Whitechapel, East London, Flanagan grew up on a Bethnal Green council estate. His father worked as a welder and fish porter, helping Flanagan secure his first job at the Billingsgate Fish Market. After working in several different professions, from furniture maker to house painter, Flanagan attended a comedy course at Jacksons Lane in 1996 that would inspire him to become a professional comedian only a year later.
Flanagan is known for digging through his childhood upbringing for comedic material, which he often refers to in his performances. He appeared on the Big Value Comedy Show at the Edinburgh Fringe, headlining in 2001 and 2003. Performing his first full-length show in 2006 named 'What Chance Change?', Flanagan was awarded Best Newcomer at the 2007 Edinburgh Comedy Awards. Flanagan has since appeared on multiple radio and television programmes, presenting What Chance Change? On Radio 4, featuring in the Michael McIntyre's Comedy Roadshow and appearing on The Graham Norton Show alongside Dan Stevens, Hayden Panettiere, Robin Thicke and Pharrell Williams in 2012.
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with devotion: What did you go out into the wilderness to see?
Sometimes the questions that Jesus asks are more revealing than his answers. In these question he hits on three expectations than we all have of our religious leaders. We want them to be relevant, adapting to the times. We want them to look good. And most of all we desire them to be a man or woman of God.
Expectations often blind us to understanding God's will. The Baptist was not swayed by religious tradition. He looked more like a wild man than a preacher. Yet, to those who came hungry for God, he was a prophet. Those who heard his preaching were moved by the Holy Spirit. Others rejected him and God's will.
This last group reminds me of me in my younger years. I held a fairly rigid view of what it meant to be a leader. I did want a relevant and externally presentable man of God. Yet the thing that ensnared me the most was what it meant to be a man of God. Years later my eyes opened to what that phrase meant.
Lord, give us discernment regarding the leaders that we choose to follow and listen to.
... this devotion is part of a series about John the Baptist.
Do angels serve because they love?
Behold, your son! ... Behold, your mother!


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To the extreme point of Italy in front of Sicily there is Calabria, which is considered the "Pearl of the Mediterranean Sea" thanks to its just 300 sunny days; three of its sides are bathed from Tyrrhenian and Jonico Seas. You can discover Calabria, for example, thanks to an excursion on mount Monte Poro, which rises straight up about 1000 m. above sea-level and also the Natural Park: at its top there is the little church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
Vibo Valentia: is a Greek colony, built by Locrians, who founded temples for the cult of Proserpine. Today, we can still admire its walls and the remains of other temples and of the Villa Sicca, which had put up Cicerone, and the Roman baths. On the highest point, the Norman-Swabian Castle is domineering (it was built in 12th century on an ancient acropolis and today restored) and the seat of the Archaeological Museum.
Pizzo is a town, built by Greeks on an overhanging rock on the sea: it is known thanks to its ice-creams and thanks to tuna and swordfish fishing, characterized by little and narrow streets. Its houses slope down from the promontory to the sea: on it the Castle Murat rises, which was built in 1492 by Ferdinand the Aragonese, where Gioacchino Murat – the brother-in-law of Napoleon – was accused and shot after a summary proceedings of treason. The beach of Piedigrotta is also suggestive: from it we can admire the wonderful church, excavated in the tuff of a natural grotto.
At only 9 km far from the tourist complex there is Tropea, considered also "Saint Tropez" of the South and reference point for tourists. It rises on a promontory straight up the sea, known also for its crystalline-clear waters and for its beaches with a very white sand other than for its historical importance. Its witnesses are still intact palaces and churches dating back to 18th and 19th centuries, among which there is the church of S. Maria dell'Isola (Saint Maria of the Isle), rested facing to the built-up area on a sand-rock in the sea- shores.
Everyday hydroplanes leave from its port towards the Archipelago of the Aeolian Islands, where we can spend a wonderful day. Lipari is the biggest and very beautiful isle, although Vulcan, too, is certainly beautiful with its black beaches and the shafts of natural mud for baths. Then, there is Stromboli, one of the most active volcanoes in the world.
Moreover, the culturally interested tourists cannot absolutely loose the chance of visiting Reggio Calabria (at about 100 km to the South), where there is also the biggest archaeological Museum of Calabria, where the Bronzes of Riace, the most famous in the world, are kept other than a variety of archaeological finds, dating back to the Greek era.
And at the end: Sicily. How can we not visit Taormina and its Naxos Gardens, considering that it is necessary only two hours to reach them?
At the end, please not forget to get information on the summer-programs. Yearly every town-community dedicates a feast lasting one o more days to the Saint or to Patron-Madonna with fun, folkloristic and song-shows: often, famous singers perform, too.
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"Sashow Taeko Saigo No Jiken" is about a lady cop (Asano) who solves major crimes. In the series with Katori Shingo, There was a team to treat phycho criminal. She and the team's leader were lover but he suddenly became criminal. In the special, the villain is Kusanagi Tsuyoshi.
H264_ " LADY LUCK (Japanese TV drama version) / ROD STEWART "
Almost perfect expect the tema song maybe?


I've been drawing and painting since I was two and the journey has evolved into my life's work. Curiosity and appreciation for the things and people surrounding me motive my works. I am eternally interested in the physiognomy I see in others (the uniqueness when one's internal and external characteristics intertwine) and this is a thread interwoven throughout my pieces. My hope is they can spark something unique in your life story as well. I am continually experimenting in a variety of media but recently worked primarily in the luscious world of oil painting and charcoal drawing during my undergraduate years in the University of Washington's Fine Art program. May you be inspired and find beauty in the unexpected!


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Home designs might have changed, but our core values remain the same
What an Incredible Journey
Our core values define how we build our business and your home
There have been tremendous changes in home design and product offerings since we began building our brand, neighborhoods and homes in 1966. Now our customers have more options, more space, and more technology. What hasn't changed are the four core values that have established Stanley Martin as a premier homebuilder and will continue to set us apart as we move forward with our incredible journey.
Customer Focus. We've always believed in taking care of our homebuyers, and that goes beyond our service. Every time we've had a big decision to make, we stepped back and asked ourselves, "What would our homebuyers want?" Our customer focus has helped us determine the right neighborhood locations and home designs that match your personal lifestyle.
Honesty and Integrity.We're proud of the reputation our company has built over more than 50 years of building our customers' dream homes. We believe in conducting our business to the highest standards, and every new team member meets with our President, Steve Alloy, for training and discussion about how important honesty and integrity are to our culture.
People Make Our Company.In the words of our founder, Martin Alloy: "Throughout my career, I have always found that the individuals in front of our customers or behind the scenes make the difference. By bringing together a team of dedicated, talented people, we can accomplish great results." We live this value not just within our company, but also with our trade partners, Realtors, and professionals
Passion for Excellence.In our business, we always sweat the details. Our team members' focus on the small stuff drives our ability to deliver consistent, high-quality results. We continue to push the boundaries of innovation and, in doing that, we've built a 50+ year track record of success.


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HomeBlogs
Kunduz Attack – Turbans turned Shrouds
By Mubashar Saeed on	 April 4, 2018 Blogs
Not less than hundred innocent children as young as 11 to 12 years were killed by the Airstrikes of Afghan Airforce on a gathering of religious School in Dasht-i Archi district outside Kunduz city on April 2. These Children were supposed to be graduating that day for memorizing Quran and were going to receive their certificates and gifts. Instead, they received deadly bombing from the sky. An eyewitness told Al-Jazeera that it was a disaster with blood everywhere. White traditional turbans which are used as a symbol of graduating were dyed in blood and turned into a shroud.
Kunduz is an important province of northern Afghanistan. It connects northern Afghanistan to Central Asia. This attack is quite similar to the American Air attack, on October 3, 2015, when Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) trauma hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan was hit and destroyed by AC-130 gunship which resulted in the deaths of 42 civilians mostly patients and Medical staff. When the aerial attack began, there were 105 patients in the hospital. After some days of the Airstrike, US military personnel rammed into the gate of a medical aid group's hospital. Medecins Sans Frontieres Spokesman said that a US tank had entered the grounds of its hospital in Kunduz without permission, damaging the compound, destroying potential evidence, and distressing its staff. Not only Kunduz but the whole Afghanistan population is severely affected by the long-running war. Since 2009 to 2017, Afghan conflict has cost 28,291 civilians lives. These casualties are other than those occurred in US drone strikes in different countries.
In 2017 U.S. warplanes bombed at a Suzuki truck which resulted in the death of 10 civilians including three children one an infant in his mother's arms. On January 31, 2018, Afghan special forces backed by US air raids launched an offensive against Taliban fighters in the Maiwand district in Kandahar, according to a Human Rights Watch report, released in February at least 20 civilians were killed in the operation.
For only 2017 United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan documented (UNAMA) documented more than 10,000 causalities in Afghanistan. According to Annual Report on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict in Afghanistan 2017, 10,453 civilian casualties – 3,438 deaths and 7,015 wounded are being. This report also describes the fact that the number of airstrikes conducted by international military forces and Afghan air forces increased significantly and with it, the number of airstrike-related deaths has also increased. According to UNAMA, 2017 has seen the highest number of aerial attacks since 2009 with 631 civilian casualties. Danielle Bell, a U.N. official for human rights in Afghanistan has cautioned that 2017 was the consecutive fourth year with more than 10,000 casualties.
Afghan Ambassador to Pakistan Omar Zakhilwal condemned the strike as an "irresponsible" action, cautioning such attacks are detrimental to efforts aimed at ending the ongoing "bloody and destructive war." Afghanistan former president Hamid Karzai has also strongly condemned this airstrike in Dashte Archi, Kunduz that killed and wounded civilians. Karzai said, "such raids, carried out in the name of fighting terrorism, on our homes, hospitals and religious facilities are against all principles"۔
The killing of civilians in armed conflict is also against International laws. United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 2444 on December 19, 1968, which stresses on providing basic human rights to civilians in armed conflicts. Unanimous resolution of the League of Nations Assembly which passed on September 30, 1938, had condemned bombing on civilians in case of war. Geneva Convention IV Article XVIII states that Civilian hospitals organized to give care to the wounded and sick, the infirm and maternity cases, may in no circumstances be the object of attack, but shall at all times be respected and protected by the Parties to the conflict. On 22 November 2010, the Security Council considered the latest report of the Secretary-General on the protection of civilians in armed Conflict and adopted a presidential statement in which it endorsed an updated aide-memoire on the protection of civilians. On August 2, 2016, in a day-long debate Child rights violation in armed conflicts were highlighted.
Despite all these steps, Human rights violation is increasing day by day. Although UNAMA has said on Twitter that a Human rights team will investigate the situation. But grim steps are needed by the world leaders to protect the lives of civilians.US Air force spokeswoman in Afghanistan has washed her hands by saying that they were not involved in Dasht-e Archi attacks. But it is not a hidden fact that Afghan Airforce is backed by US-led NATO coalition advisers.
The Afghan government has tried to hide the facts by saying that no civilians were present at the target area rather thirty Taliban fighters including nine top commanders have been killed in airstrikes. But it has failed to hide the pictures of innocent child victims of the strike which are viral on social media. It is impossible that 9 to 10 years old children become top Taliban officials.
Peaceful Afghanistan is prerequisite for regional stability and development. Kunduz Strikes like incidents will exacerbate the situation and will provide recruitment avenues to militants. Kunduz is also important in this regard because ISIS is making inroads in northern Afghanistan and it can use revenge sentiments of locals as a tactic for spreading chaos. According to many regional analysts, table talks is the best solution for bringing 17 years long war to an end "Victory cannot be won on the battlefield — a solution is and must be political," Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan told a high-level meeting of the U.N. Security Council. EU's special envoy to Afghanistan Roland Kobia after a meeting with his Chinese counterpart urged all countries and organizations in contact with the Taliban to get them to the negotiating tables for a peace agreement. But incidents like Kunduz can become a hurdle in the peace process.
Tags: Afghan Airforce | Afghanistan | human rights | Kunduz | Kunduz Attack | Taliban | United States | War against terror
Mubashar Saeed
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Richard Ewell
Title: Richard Ewell
Subject: Lafayette, California, Gettysburg (1993 film), Lost Cause of the Confederacy, Northern Virginia Campaign, First Battle of Auburn, 33rd Virginia Infantry, William R. Rathvon, Naval Brigade, Fredericksburg Confederate order of battle, 61st Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
Richard Stoddert Ewell
Old Bald Head
(1817-02-08)February 8, 1817
Georgetown, D.C.
January 25, 1872(1872-01-25) (aged 54)
Spring Hill, Tennessee
Old City Cemetery, Nashville, Tennessee
Service/branch
Confederate States Army
Years of service
1840–61 (USA)
1861–65 (CSA)
Lieutenant General (CSA)
Commands held
Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia
Battles/wars
Battle of Contreras
Battle of Churubusco
Apache Wars
Bonneville Expedition
Valley Campaign
Seven Days Battles
Battle of Cedar Mountain
Second Battle of Bull Run
Second Battle of Winchester
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
Battle of Sayler's Creek
Benjamin S. Ewell (brother)
Benjamin Stoddert (grandfather)
Richard Stoddert Ewell (February 8, 1817 – January 25, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He achieved fame as a senior commander under Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee and fought effectively through much of the war, but his legacy has been clouded by controversies over his actions at the Battle of Gettysburg and at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.
2 Civil War
2.1 With Stonewall Jackson
2.2 Gettysburg and controversy
2.3 Overland Campaign and Richmond
3 Postbellum life
4 In popular media
Ewell was born in Georgetown, District of Columbia. He was raised in Prince William County, Virginia, from the age of 3, at an estate near Manassas known as "Stony Lonesome."[1] He was the third son of Dr. Thomas and Elizabeth Stoddert Ewell, and was the grandson of Benjamin Stoddert, the first U.S. Secretary of the Navy, and the brother of Benjamin Stoddert Ewell.[2] He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1840, thirteenth in his class of 42 cadets. He was known to his friends as "Old Bald Head" or "Baldy." He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 1st U.S. Dragoons and was promoted to first lieutenant in 1845. From 1843 to 1845 he served with Philip St. George Cooke and Stephen Watts Kearny on escort duty along the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails.[3] In the Mexican-American War, serving under Winfield Scott, he was recognized and promoted to captain for his courage at Contreras and Churubusco. At Contreras, he conducted a nighttime reconnaissance with engineer Captain Robert E. Lee, his future commander.
Ewell served in the New Mexico Territory for some time, exploring the newly acquired Gadsden Purchase with Colonel Benjamin Bonneville. He was wounded in a skirmish with Apaches under Cochise in 1859.[2] In 1860, while in command of Fort Buchanan, Arizona, illness compelled him to leave the West for Virginia to recuperate.[3] He described his condition as "very ill with vertigo, nausea, etc., and now am excessively debilitated[,] having occasional attacks of the ague."[4] Illnesses and injuries would cause difficulties for him throughout the upcoming Civil War.
As the nation moved towards Civil War, Ewell had generally pro-Union sentiments,[3] but when his home state of Virginia seceded, Ewell resigned his U.S. Army commission on May 7, 1861, to join the Virginia Provisional Army. He was appointed a colonel of cavalry on May 9 and was one of the first senior officers wounded in the war, at a May 31 skirmish at Fairfax Court House.[5] He was promoted to brigadier general in the Confederate States Army on June 17 and commanded a brigade in the (Confederate) Army of the Potomac at the First Battle of Bull Run, but saw little action.[6]
Hours after the battle, Ewell proposed to President Jefferson Davis that in order for the Confederacy to win the war, the slaves must be freed and join the ranks of the army; he was also willing to lead the blacks into battle. But Davis considered that "impossible" and that topic never came up between him and Ewell again. Nevertheless, Ewell, like Patrick Cleburne, was one of those few Confederate generals who saw that the Civil War needed all the manpower it could get, regardless of race.[7]
In late July, Ewell was furious when he heard that his commanding officer, P. G. T. Beauregard, was blaming him for not following orders at Bull Run, when in fact, the orders never reached him in time.[8]
Ewell inspired his men in spite of, not because of, his appearance. Historian Larry Tagg described him:[9]
Rather short at 5 feet 8 inches, he had just a fringe of brown hair on an otherwise bald, bomb-shaped head. Bright, bulging eyes protruded above a prominent nose, creating an effect which many likened to a bird—an eagle, some said, or a woodcock—especially when he let his head droop toward one shoulder, as he often did, and uttered strange speeches in his shrill, twittering lisp. He had a habit of muttering odd remarks in the middle of normal conversation, such as "Now why do you suppose President Davis made me a major general anyway?" He could be spectacularly, blisteringly profane. He was so nervous and fidgety he could not sleep in a normal position, and spent nights curled around a camp stool. He had convinced himself that he had some mysterious internal "disease," and so subsisted almost entirely on frumenty, a dish of hulled wheat boiled in milk and sweetened with sugar. A "compound of anomalies" was how one friend summed him up. He was the reigning eccentric of the Army of Northern Virginia, and his men, who knew at first hand his bravery and generosity of spirit, loved him all the more for it.
— Larry Tagg, The Generals of Gettysburg
With Stonewall Jackson
On January 24, 1862, Ewell was promoted to major general, and began serving under Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson during the Valley Campaign. Although the two generals worked together well, and both were noted for their quixotic personal behavior, there were many stylistic differences between them. Jackson was stern and pious, whereas Ewell was witty and extremely profane. Jackson was flexible and intuitive on the battlefield, while Ewell, although brave and effective, required precise instructions to function effectively.[10] Ewell was initially resentful about Jackson's tendency to keep his subordinates uninformed about his tactical plans, but Ewell eventually adjusted to Jackson's methods.
Ewell superbly commanded a division in Jackson's small army during the Valley Campaign, personally winning quite a few battles against the larger Union armies of Maj. Gens. John C. Frémont, Nathaniel P. Banks, and James Shields. Jackson's army was then recalled to Richmond to join Robert E. Lee in protecting the city against Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac in the Peninsula Campaign. Ewell fought conspicuously at Gaines' Mill and Malvern Hill. After Lee repelled the Union army in the Seven Days Battles, Union Maj. Gen. John Pope's Army of Virginia threatened to attack from the north, so Jackson was sent to intercept him. Ewell defeated Banks again at the Battle of Cedar Mountain on August 9 and, returning to the old Manassas battlefield, he fought well at the Second Battle of Bull Run, but was wounded during the battle of Groveton (or Brawner's Farm) on August 29, and his left leg was amputated below the knee.
While recovering from his injury, Ewell was nursed by his first cousin, Lizinka Campbell Brown, a wealthy widow from the Nashville area. Ewell had been attracted to Lizinka since his teenage years and they had earlier flirted with romance in 1861 and during the Valley Campaign, but now the close contact resulted in their wedding in Richmond on May 26, 1863.[11]
After his long recovery, Ewell returned to Lee's Army of Northern Virginia after the Battle of Chancellorsville. After the mortal wounding of Jackson at that battle, on May 23 Ewell was promoted to lieutenant general and command of the Second Corps (now slightly smaller than Jackson's because units were subtracted to create a new Third Corps, under Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill, also one of Jackson's division commanders). Ewell was given a date of rank one day earlier than Hill's, so he became the third-highest-ranking general in the Army of Northern Virginia, after Lee and James Longstreet.[12]
Gettysburg and controversy
In the opening days of the Gettysburg Campaign, at the Second Battle of Winchester, Ewell performed superbly, capturing the Union garrison of 4,000 men and 23 cannons. He escaped serious injury there when he was hit in the chest with a spent bullet (the second such incident in his career, after Gaines' Mill).[2] His corps took the lead in the invasion of Pennsylvania and almost reached the state capital of Harrisburg before being recalled by Lee to concentrate at Gettysburg. These successes led to favorable comparisons with Jackson.
But at the Battle of Gettysburg, Ewell's military reputation started a long decline. On July 1, 1863, Ewell's corps approached Gettysburg from the north and smashed the Union XI Corps and part of the I Corps, driving them back through the town and forcing them to take up defensive positions on Cemetery Hill south of town. Lee had just arrived on the field and saw the importance of this position. He sent discretionary orders to Ewell that Cemetery Hill be taken "if practicable." Historian James M. McPherson wrote, "Had Jackson still lived, he undoubtedly would have found it practicable. But Ewell was not Jackson."[13] Ewell chose not to attempt the assault.
Ewell had several possible reasons for not attacking. The orders from Lee contained an innate contradiction. He was "to carry the hill occupied by the enemy, if he found it practicable, but to avoid a general engagement until the arrival of the other divisions of the army."[14] Lee also refused to provide assistance that Ewell requested from the corps of A.P. Hill. Ewell's men were fatigued from their lengthy marching and strenuous battle in the hot July afternoon and it would be difficult to reassemble them into battle formation and assault the hill through the narrow corridors afforded by the streets of Gettysburg. The fresh division under Maj. Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson was just arriving, but Ewell also received intelligence that heavy Union reinforcements were arriving on the York Pike from the east, potentially threatening his flank.[15] Ewell's normally aggressive subordinate, Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early, concurred with his decision.
Lee's order has been criticized because it left too much discretion to Ewell. Historians such as McPherson have speculated on how the more aggressive Stonewall Jackson would have acted on this order if he had lived to command this wing of Lee's army, and how differently the second day of battle would have proceeded with Confederate possession of Culp's Hill or Cemetery Hill. Discretionary orders were customary for General Lee because Jackson and James Longstreet, his other principal subordinate, usually reacted to them very well and could use their initiative to respond to conditions and achieve the desired results. Ewell's critics have noted that this failure of action on his part, whether justified or not, in all likelihood cost the Confederates the battle.[16] Other historians have noted that Lee, as the overall commanding general who issued discretionary orders to Ewell and then continued the battle for another two days, bears the final responsibility for the Confederate defeat at Gettysburg.[17]
When Ewell's corps did attack these positions on July 2 and July 3, the Union had had time to fully occupy the heights and build impregnable defenses, resulting in heavy Confederate losses. Post-war proponents of the lost cause movement, particularly Jubal Early, but also Maj. Gen. Isaac R. Trimble, who had been assigned to Ewell's staff during the battle, criticized him bitterly in attempts to deflect any blame for the loss of the battle on Robert E. Lee. Part of their argument was that the Union troops were completely demoralized by their defeat earlier in the day, but Ewell's men were also disorganized, and decisions such as they were propounding are far simpler to make in hindsight than in the heat of battle and fog of war.[18]
On July 3, Ewell was once again wounded, but this time only in his wooden leg. He led his corps on an orderly retreat back to Virginia. His luck continued to be poor and he was wounded at Kelly's Ford, Virginia, in November. He was injured again in January 1864, when his horse fell over in the snow.
Overland Campaign and Richmond
Ewell led his corps in the May 1864 Battle of the Wilderness and performed well, enjoying the rare circumstance of a slight numerical superiority over the Union corps that attacked him. In the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Lee felt compelled to lead the defense of the "Mule Shoe" on May 12 personally because of Ewell's indecision and inaction. At one point Ewell began hysterically berating some of his fleeing soldiers and beating them over the back with his sword. Lee reined in his enraged lieutenant, saying sharply, "General Ewell, you must restrain yourself; how can you expect to control these men when you have lost control of yourself? If you cannot repress your excitement, you had better retire." Ewell's behavior on this occasion undoubtedly was the source of a statement made by Lee to his secretary, William Allan, after the war that on May 12 he "found Ewell perfectly prostrated by the misfortune of the morning, and too much overwhelmed to be efficient."[19] In the final combat at Spotsylvania, on May 19, 1864, Ewell ordered an attack on the Union left flank at the Harris Farm, which had little effect beyond delaying Grant for a day, at the cost of 900 casualties, about one-sixth of his remaining force.[20]
Lee reasoned that Ewell's lingering injuries were the cause of his problems and he relieved him from corps command, reassigning him to command the garrison of the Department of Richmond, which was by no means an insignificant assignment, given the extreme pressure Union forces were applying to the Confederate capital. In April 1865, as Ewell and his troops were retreating a great many fires in Richmond were started, although it is unclear by whose orders the fires were started.[21] Ewell blamed the plundering mobs of civilians for burning a tobacco warehouse, which was a significant source of the fire, but Nelson Lankford, author of Richmond Burning, wrote that "Ewell convinced few people that the great fire had nothing to do with his men or their deliberate demolition of the warehouses and bridges through military orders passed down the chain of command."[22] These fires created The Great Conflagration of Richmond, which left a third of the city destroyed, including all of the business district.[23] Ewell and his troops were then surrounded and captured at Sayler's Creek. This was a few days before Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House. He was held as a prisoner of war at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor until July 1865.
While imprisoned, Ewell organized a group of sixteen former generals also at Fort Warren, including Edward "Allegheny" Johnson and Joseph B. Kershaw, and sent a letter to Ulysses S. Grant about the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, for which they said no Southern man could feel anything other than "unqualified abhorrence and indignation" and insisting that the crime should not be connected to the South.[24]
Postbellum life
After his parole, Ewell retired to work as a "gentleman farmer" on his wife's farm near Spring Hill, Tennessee, which he helped to become profitable, and also leased a successful cotton plantation in Mississippi. He doted on Lizinka's children and grandchildren. He was president of the Columbia Female Academy's board of trustees, a communicant at St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Columbia, and president of the Maury County Agricultural Society.[25] He and his wife died of pneumonia within three days of each other.[26] They are buried in Old City Cemetery in Nashville, Tennessee. He is the author of The Making of a Soldier, published posthumously in 1935.
In popular media
Ewell was portrayed by Tim Scott in the 1993 film Gettysburg, based on Michael Shaara's novel, The Killer Angels; he appears only in the credits and in the Director's Cut release. In that movie, Ewell is criticized for not "taking that hill".
Ewell is the main character in the 1963 gospel film Red Runs the River and is portrayed by Bob Jones, Jr. The film, directed by Katherine Stenholm, details Ewell's relationship with Stonewall Jackson and Ewell's conversion to Christ following his wound at the Second Battle of Bull Run. It is an Unusual Films production, from the Cinema Department of Bob Jones University in Greenville, South Carolina.[27] Red Runs the River was the film selected by the University Film Producers Association to represent the United States at the International Congress of Motion-Picture and Television Schools in Budapest, Hungary.[28]
Coddington, Edwin B. The Gettysburg Campaign; a study in command. New York: Scribner's, 1968. ISBN 0-684-84569-5.
Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
Frederiksen, John C. "Richard Stoddert Ewell." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
Lankford, Nelson. Richmond Burning: The Last Days of the Confederate Capital. New York: Viking, 2002. ISBN 0-670-03117-8.
Pfanz, Donald C. Richard S. Ewell: A Soldier's Life. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8078-2389-9.
Rhea, Gordon C. To the North Anna River: Grant and Lee, May 13–25, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8071-2535-0.
Sears, Stephen W. Gettysburg. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003. ISBN 0-395-86761-4.
Tagg, Larry. ISBN 1-882810-30-9.
Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN 0-8071-0823-5.
Ewell's biography at Civil War Home
Biography at Stonewall in the Valley website
Gettysburg figures
Confederate leaders
R. Anderson
G. Anderson
Armistead
Brockenbrough
Chambliss
Doles
Imboden
Iverson
W. Jones
F. Lee
W. Lee
McLaws
Pettigrew
G. Steuart
J.E.B. Stuart
J. Walker
R. Walker
Wofford
Union leaders
Birney
Krzyzanowski
Pleasonton
Schimmelfennig
Schurz
Slocum
Steinwehr
Other notable
Burgwyn
Burling
Colvill
Enderlin
Humiston
Jeffords
Keogh
O'Rorke
Pardee
Poague
Trobriand
Local civilians
McClean
McConaughy
Name Ewell, Richard S.
Short description Confederate Army general
Date of birth February 8, 1817
Place of birth Georgetown, Washington, D.C.
Date of death January 25, 1872
Place of death Spring Hill, Tennessee
Lafayette, California
Contra Costa County, California, Race (United States Census), United States, San Francisco Bay Area, Bay Area Rapid Transit
Gettysburg (1993 film)
Ronald F. Maxwell, American Civil War, Randy Edelman, Tom Berenger, Jeff Daniels
Lost Cause of the Confederacy
Ulysses S. Grant, American Civil War, United Daughters of the Confederacy, Confederate States of America, Slavery in the United States
Northern Virginia Campaign
American Civil War, Virginia, Robert E. Lee, Washington, D.C., Abraham Lincoln
First Battle of Auburn
American Civil War, United States, Confederate States of America, Bristoe Campaign, Washington, D.C.


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Star Brigade
The Pantheon Saga
REVIEW: Chappie
Posted on March 22, 2015 by C.C. Ekeke	No Comments ↓
I like many watched and thoroughly enjoyed Neil Blomkamp's debut feature-length film District 9. It was a fresh new voice producing a wholly original science fiction film, something that I hadn't seen in years. Aside from that, this guy new how to use compelling CGI and he had Peter Jackson's blessing. Of course everyone was salivating at what Blomkamp would do next.
Then his followup film, Elysium, came out two years ago. Ooph. Beautiful looking film, limp and preachy story with themes that hammered you into submission. Blomkamp still had a decent amount of good will from 'District 9', so the general consensus deemed Elysium a misfire. That then leads us to his third film, the sci-fi film 'Chappie' released on March 6th. So what's it about and how was it?
Chappie takes place in Johannesburg (natch) in the very near future where the city relies mainly on a mostly robotic police force with very encouraging results. The weapons manufacturer that supplied the robots, Tetravaal, is run by Michelle Bradley (Sigourney Weaver) and employs the inventor of the robotic police force, Deon Wilson. Also employed by Tetravaal is Vincent Moore (Hugh Jackman) a former soldier turned engineer who is stewed in bitterness over how his own robotic project the oversized MOOSE keeps getting pushed aside by the robot police force. Deon doesn't want to rest on the laurels of his success, but move forward and create robots who think and feel, basically a sentient AI.
Of course, at a weapons manufacturer, the idea of a robot that reads poetry and draws goes over as well as a lead balloon. Did he not know where he works? Anyway…
So of course, Deon works on this project in secret and plans to use a recently slagged police robot as a test model. This dovetails into another plot this movie is telling.
We also have the tale of three gangsters, the main two being Ninja and Yolandi (played by Ninja and Yolandi of the South African rap group Die Antwoord) who have run afoul of a local gangster who wants millions from Ninja or else. In order to get the money, they decide to kidnap Deon so he can program one of the police robots to do their bidding. Of course, calamity and self-aware robotics ensue!!
Without giving too much away, I'll be honest with you. Chappie was not Short Circuit reborn. It was poorly written and mediocre. The characters were jarringly one-dimensional, many making truly stupid decisions that had no logic behind them no matter how immoral they might be. Even worse, certain situations toward the end of the third act of the film completely throw technology or grounded sci-fi out the window. So yeah, I was not amused.
Yolandi (from Die Antwoord) wasn't that bad of an actress, she actually was quiet fascinating to watch. But Ninja should NEVER be allowed to act again. EVER. The guy has no screen presence and his strictly street attitude got very grating very quickly.
Hugh Jackman's Vincent Moore felt very phoned in, even though Jackman did at least make an effort. The character made really horrible decisions that flied in the face of logic. Like pulling a gun on a co-worker in the middle of a work office. Or sabotaging a massive project, which put millions of civilians at risk, just so his little pet project gets ahead. Even by the end when he gets his comeuppance, it feels hollow.
I already mentioned some of Deon's foibles above, but the character was rather stupid for someone so smart. Stealing company property and resources, along with not calling the police on the people who kidnapped you would have made sense. And his fate at the end of the movie felt eerily similar to what happened at the end of District 9.
I don't have much to say about Sigourney Weaver's character because she didn't do much onscreen. She played the typical harried boss who only cared about the company bottom line. End of story.
That leaves me with the titular character, Chappie. Played by recurring Blomkamp collaborator, Sharlto Copley is motion captured to bring the robot Chappie to life. Of course he's good as always. It was more potent in the beginning when Chappie was essentially a child rapidly learning about the world. Though Chappie's minimalist face doesn't give us much of a window into his feelings. But his actions and words were very telling.
Its unfortunate that this film, while gorgeously shot with stunning CGI, will go down as yet another black mark on Blomkamp's once-promising career. The guy is a fantastic technical director, but I agree with other reviewers who feel that he should leave the scripting duties to someone else.
Chappie as well as Elysium are spotlights on his deficiencies as a screenwriter, particularly solid plots, creating complex characters and showcasing themes without hammering you over the head with them.
I and many others keep hoping that District 9 was not a one-hit wonder for Blomkamp. At the same time, here's hoping that someone else will be writing the Aliens film Blomkamp is directing.
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This is no normal race and it is well to remember that!
For sailors it is a demanding race which takes in some tricky tidal areas. Unusually for a race picking up the crew or dropping the anchor has to take place under sail.
Equally it is a demanding race for runners. Running up mountains over loose boulders and then across hummocked bog land back to the boats is not easy going.
However it is the combination of the two that turns this into a very challenging race.
Normally before I go for a sail, I take a look at the weather and work out the tides. I then decide the best time to go to catch the all important tidal gateway. I also prefer to sail during the day. Equally, before I enter a half marathon or suchlike I'll make sure I get a good nights sleep and a decent breakfast with a large dollop of coffee inside me about an hour before the start. The start is generally at a civilised time, about 9 or 10 in the morning.
To be fair, the first race around the hills near Oban does start at a predictable noon but after that anything can happen.
Simon and I had a reasonable first run near Oban finishing in about 38 minutes. We then jumped in the little inflatable to row out to Brimble. Our prediction of a slackish tide was not to be correct and I had to row like stink to counter the current. Once clear of the moored boats we were picked up by Brimble and a few seconds later we were in a near collision with a navigational buoy and a catamaran bearing down on us while another yacht tried to squeeze between.
We then had a lovely sail to Salen. It is important to get to the first anchorage quickly because Scottish Power turn off the wind at about 6pm to save energy. Our runners, Grit, Simon and Rob, were landed and running by 5pm on Mull. This allowed them to reach the summit of Ben Mor before dark. The really fast fell runners can get there and back while it is light but that is crazy fast. Sadly the weather was awful and it poured with chilly rain. The summit was apparently freezing cold. Our poor runners managed to get back onboard by 0245 having made the wet descent in the dark. It was a tough 22 miles and they were glad to be back on Brimble for some nosh and a rest.
John and I sailed the good ship towards the Sound of Luing before waking the Mull Runners to take over the watch. Craftily we handed over our watch just as the tide was about to turn foul in the narrow straits. Feeling slightly smug we crawled into our bunks. Sadly our cunning plan backfired as the constant tacking meant I couldn't get to sleep. We got up as the tide turned again and Jura gradually approached. As Craighouse neared the wind began to drop and we decided to enter the northern approach to the harbour. At this point the wind died completely and Simon, John and I got into the little Seago dinghy to row ashore. The problem was it was about a mile and a half to row. By the time we reached the check point at about midnight I was virtually asleep. We were greeted by "You know you are last – you had better take your Yellow Brick tracker on the Paps" which was a bit unnerving!
However, I would hate this to sound like a moan about the marshals who are basically the most generous kind helpful and wonderful people you can imagine. There is no way an event like this could exist without their dedicated help. As we were the last to start the run, they basically had to wait overnight in the Community Hall until we arrived back safely. And they had to wait over 8 hours!
It was my fault. I was basically too tired to even start the run yet alone complete it. Along the roads and tracks I could slowly jog along but I couldn't conjure the energy to cope with the foot placement needed for the scree slopes. I was falling asleep as I ran and fell over at least twenty times. I was wearing a heart monitor and ironically it only registered an average of 131 and a max of 157. My normal running heart rates average about 167 and peak around 190. I never really got going. It was such a shame as I had been looking forward to the Paps for a long time but I can't say this was an enjoyable experience at all.
The one thing that kept me going was Rob had promised to make a big dahl curry for our breakfast and indeed he kept his word. We arrived back on the boat and tucked into a most wonderful creation. There were seconds too! Then I fell into deep sleep as the crew sailed Brimble towards the Mull of Kintyre.
Refreshed after a good snooze on a calm sea I got up just as the tide had turned ready to sweep us around the Mull at 9 kn. John managed to arrange for Wings to be playing at the moment of the rounding! In perfect conditions we sailed towards Arran only to be caught out in the traditional manner by Scottish Power once again turning off the wind in the evening. The good news was that the run would now take place in daylight!
Grit, John, Simon and Rob ran the route to Goat Fell in fine weather and they made it back in good time ready for the final sail. After a slow start the wind gradually built up and we were sailing at 4-5 kn towards the finish. Grit and Simon rowed ashore and ran to the finish. We all retired to Scotts for a few too many beers and a lovely meal.
It was a great pleasure to be part of the race and to sail on a fine ship with such lovely crew. Thanks everyone!
John doesn't like to get cold!
The secret weapon – Beetroot Juice. Sadly it didn't work!
By now we knew we were the last boat to leave Jura for Arran. Barbara, who was one of the organisers had politely asked if we were still competing. "Of course we are" was Chatlottes reply. To get to Lamlash on Arran we would have to round the Mull of Kintyre – a notorious headland with fierce tides and overfalls. The wind was now coming from the south east and we couldn't lay off the course. We eventually had to tack to avoid contravening the shipping lane regulations. Tim had told me how one year a yacht ended up nearer to Northern Ireland than Scotland. How I laughed, but guess what? The wind became very light and the tide turned and the good ship Sumara found herself nearer to Northern Ireland than Scotland! Of course eventually the tide would become fair and we were able to tack in towards Arran. Rick and I thought it best to grab a couple of hours sleep while Sarah, Grit and Charlotte took the last short watch into Lamlash. Sadly it wasn't to be so easy. The wind turned and headed them and soon they were closer to Ailsa Craig than Arran. We ended up with everyone rowing as hard as they could. I tried pulling in the dinghy. It took a long old time but we finally picked up a buoy in Lamlash ready for the last run – up Goat Fell.
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text:
Q: Fill in a text box when selecting a combo box option on Access Im not very advanced in Access and I am struggling with defining  the VBA code/expression build/ or Control Source for an instruction that can make the following isntruction:

*

*If i make a  selection on a Combo box (with my key field "TypeService"  on my table TblMain)

*Then; my text box is able to return  the TypeConfig rows related to the TypeService selected before (my table TblConfig contains TypeServiceFK and TypeConfig fields)

So, my objective is to get a dynamic textbox that depends of a multi option combobox.-
Thanks for the help!!

A: Put a listbox on your form, let's say it's called List2, and cancel the wizard if it pops up.
In the Row Source property of the listbox, put this SQL statement
SELECT tblConfig.TypeConfig FROM tblConfig WHERE (((tblConfig.TypeService)=[Forms]![frmMain]![Combo0]));

This assumes your form is called frmMain and your combobox is called Combo0, so change those as necessary.
Right click on Combo0 and choose Build Event, then Code Builder. Replace the Sub...End Sub stub with
Private Sub Combo0_Change()

    Me.List2.Requery

End Sub

Now every time Combo0 changes, the SQL statement behind List2 will run and return the TypeConfigs associated with that TypeService.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Baja California Sur power station
[español]
Part of the Global Gas Plant Tracker, a Global Energy Monitor and Center for Media and Democracy project.
Baja California Sur power station (Planta CC Baja California Sur, also known as Tres Virgenes CC) is a 327-megawatt (MW) gas-fired power station under construction in the state of Baja California Sur, Mexico.
The map below shows the approximate location of the power station in Tres Virgenes, the state of Baja California Sur, Mexico.
{"type":"ROADMAP","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"600px","height":"500px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":9,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview","rotate"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":24.104800000000001,"lon":-110.3387,"icon":""}]}
Sponsor: Comisión Federal de Electricidad EPE[1]
Parent company: Comisión Federal de Electricidad EPE[2]
Location: Tres Virgenes, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Coordinates: 24.1048, -110.3387 (approximate)[3]
Gross generating capacity (construction): 327 MW
Unit 1: Gas-fired[4] combined cycle[4][1][5], 327 MW[6][7] (start-up in 2024)[7]
The Comisión Federal de Electricidad is investing 9.8 billion Mexican pesos for the Baja California Sur power station which began construction in 2021 despite pushback from the private sector.[8][9] Due to the long construction period, Mexican President López Obrador has stated there may be a plant built in Baja California before 2024 to relieve the rolling blackouts which the Baja California Sur power station is ultimately meant to address.[10] New Fortress Energy Inc will be responsible for supplying natural gas to the power station.[11][12]
↑ 1.0 1.1 "Ocho proyectos de energía en el paquete de infraestructura". Energía a Debate. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
↑ "Quiénes somos". Comisión Federal de Electricidad. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
↑ "UTE - Global VII - Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA)" (PDF). SENER - Secretaría de Energía - Gobierno de México. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
↑ 4.0 4.1 "El Sistema Eléctrico de Baja California Sur" (PDF). Comisión Federal de Electricidad. December 31, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
↑ "Se prerregistran empresas para 6 proyectos de ciclo combinado". Energía a Debate. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
↑ Barrientos, Omar. "Anuncia CFE construcción de Central de Ciclo Combinado con capacidad de 327 MW". Global Energy. Archived from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
↑ 7.0 7.1 García, Karol. "Aumentará 80% capacidad eléctrica del sistema de BCS". El Economista. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
↑ "BNamericas - Mexico's CFE moves ahead with power plant te..." BNamericas.com. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
↑ "BNamericas - CFE plans to increase presence in Baja Calif..." BNamericas.com. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
↑ "Promised electric plant for Baja excluded from list of call for tenders". Mexico News Daily. 2021-05-21. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
↑ "New Fortress Energy Inks LNG Supply Deal with Mexico's CFE in Baja California Sur - Natural Gas Intelligence". Natural Gas Intelligence. 2021-03-29. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
↑ Weber, Harry (2021-07-14). "New Fortress begins commercial operations at LNG receiving terminal in Mexico". www.spglobal.com. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
Retrieved from "https://www.gem.wiki/w/index.php?title=Baja_California_Sur_power_station&oldid=273737"
Gas plants in Mexico
Proposed gas plants in Mexico
Gas plants in Latin America and the Caribbean


text:
Питер Джон Холлингуорт (; ) — австралийский англиканский епископ. Занимаясь социальной работой в течение нескольких десятилетий, он служил  в течение 11 лет (начиная с 1989 года) и стал в 1991 году «Австралийцем года». Также он был 23-м генерал-губернатором Австралии в период с 2001 по 2003 год.

Во время генерал-губернаторства Холлингуорта, его критиковали из-за того, что он недостаточно сделал для расследования обвинений в сексуальных надругательств в епархии Брисбена, когда он был архиепископом. На протяжении большей части его пребывания в должности ему не хватало поддержки обеих партий, Лейбористская партия Австралии призывала его уйти в отставку . В мае 2003 года доклад епархии Брисбена был представлен в парламенте Квинсленда. 28 мая 2003 года, несмотря на поддержку со стороны премьер-министра, Джона Ховарда, Холлингуорт подал в отставку.

Биография
Холлингуорт родился в Аделаиде (Южная Австралия), а затем, в 1940 году, переехал в Мельбурн. После учёбы в школах Ллойд-стрит и Меррамбеена он получил основное образование в . После его окончания он начал работать в BHP, — австралийской горнодобывающей компании. Холлингуорт по-видимому часто проводил обеденное время в соборе Святого Павла в Мельбурне, где он решил стать священником.

Холлингуорт был призван на военную службу в 1953 году, а после базового обучения на базе  он начинает работать в должности капеллана и решает проверить своё призвание в рукоположенном сане. В 1954 году он поступил в Мельбурнский университет на факультет богословия, окончив его в 1960 году со степенью бакалавра гуманитарных наук и лиценциата богословия. 6 февраля 1960 года он женился на Кэтлин Энн Тернер (), с которой он познакомился во время военной службы. Пара имеет ныне трёх дочерей.

В 1960 году Холлингуорт был назначен священником англиканской церкви Сент-Мэри в Северной части Мельбурна. В 1964 году он присоединился к , независимой англиканской организации, в качестве капеллана и директора молодёжных и детских работ, а затем, — как директор социальной политики и научных исследований. В 1990 году он был назначен исполнительным директором. В Brotherhood of St Laurence он состоял 25 лет и за это время принимал участие во многих событиях, связанных с этим сообществом.

В 1976 году Холлингуорт получил орден Британской империи, а в 1988  был награждён орденом Австралии за его работу в церкви и обществе. Кроме этих светских наград, в 1980 году он был избран каноником собора Святого Павла. В 1985 году он был назначен епископом в центральной части города. До этого он получил степень магистра в области социальной работы и написал несколько книг о своей работе с бедными который стал учебником.

В декабре 1989 Холлингворт был избран архиепископом Брисбена. В 1991 году он стал австралийцем года, а в 1997 году был включен в список почётных австралийцев.

21 мая 2001 года Холлингворт был награждён  доктора филологии от архиепископа Кентерберийского, Джорджа Кэри. Он был удостоен докторской степени в знак признания его научных исследований, публикаций, учебных и достижений в области христианской социальной этики, социального благосостояния и бедности исследований и епископского руководства. In addition to this doctorate he already had six honorary doctorates from Australian universities.

22 апреля 2001 года тогдашний премьер-министр Австралии Джон Ховард заявил, что Холлингворт назначен генерал-губернатором Австралии после отставки сэра Уильяма Дина. Он был первым священником, занимавшим этот пост, и поэтому провоцировал разногласия из-за давней доктрины о разделении церкви и государства. 29 июня 2001, Холлингуорт был назначен Генерал-Губернатором Австралии. На посту генерал-губернатора он стал компаньоном ордена Австралии, получив его 29 июня 2001 года. Он был в должности до 28 мая 2003 года, когда он ушёл в отставку при сомнительных обстоятельствах.

Примечания

Ссылки

Выпускники Мельбурнского университета
Генерал-губернаторы Австралии


text:
Sison amomus är en flockblommig växtart som beskrevs av St.-lag. Sison amomus ingår i släktet höstpersiljor, och familjen flockblommiga växter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Höstpersiljor
amomus


text:
1863: "I Have No Complaints To Make Of Any One But Myself"
August 13, 2018 August 12, 2018 / Sarah Kay Bierle
Camp Orange
Your letters of 28 July & 2 Aug have been recd., & I have waited for a leisure hour to reply, but I fear that will never come. I am extremely obliged to you for your attention given to the wants of this Army * the efforts made to supply them. Our absentees are returning, & I hope the earnest & beautiful appeal made to the country in your proclamation, may stir up the virtue of the whole people & that they may see their duty & perform it. Nothing is wanted but that their fortitude should equal their bravery to ensure the success of our cause.
We must expect reverses, even defeats. They are sent to teach us wisdom and prudence, to call forth greater energies & to prevent our falling into greater disasters. Our people have only to be true & united, to bear manfully the misfortunes incident to war & all will come right in the end. I know how prone we are to censure, & how ready to blame others for the nonfulfillment of our expectations. This is unbecoming in a generous people & I grieve to see its expression.
The general remedy for the want to success in a military commander is his removal. This is natural & in many instances proper. For no matter what may be the ability of the officer if he loses the confidence of his troops, disaster must sooner or later ensue. I have been prompted by these reflections more than once since my return from Penna. to propose to your Excy [Excellency] the propriety of selecting another commander for this army. I have seen & heard of expression of discontent in the public journals at the result of the expedition. I do not know how far this feeling extends in the army. My brother officers have been too kind to report it, & so far the troops have been too generous to exhibit it. It is fair however to suppose that it does exist, & success is so necessary to us that nothing should be risked to secure it. I therefore in all sincerity request your Excy to take measures to supply my place. I do this with the more earnestness because no one is more aware than myself of my inability for the duties of my position. I cannot even accomplish what I myself desire. How can I fulfill the expectations of others? In addition, I sensibly feel the growing failure of my bodily strength. I have not yet recovered from the attack I experienced the past spring. I am becoming more and more incapable of exertion, & am thus prevented from making the personal examinations & giving the personal supervision to the operations in the field which I feel to be necessary. I am so dull that in making use of the eyes of others I am frequently misled. Every thing therefore points to the advantages to be derived from a new commander, & I the more anxiously urge the matter upon your Excy from my belief that a younger & abler man than myself can readily be attained.
I know that he will have as gallant & brave an army as ever existed to second his efforts, & it would be the happiest day of my life to see at its head a worthy leader; one that would accomplish more than I could perform & all that I have wished. I hope your Excy will attribute my request to the true reason. The desire to serve my country & to do all in my power to ensure the success of her righteous cause.
I have no complaints to make of any one but myself. I have recd. nothing but kindness from those above me & the most considerate attention from my comrades & companions in arms. To your Excy I am specially indebted for the uniform kindness & consideration. You have done every thing in your power to aid me in the work committed to my charge, without omitting anything to promote the general welfare. I pray that your efforts may at length be crowned with success & that you may long live to enjoy the thanks of a grateful people –
With sentiments of great esteem I am very respectfully & truly yours
R.E. Lee
Genl.
After Gettysburg
On July 13-14, 1863, the Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac, returning to the Virginia shore after the defeat at Gettysburg. This marked the final invasion Robert E. Lee would lead into the north. He seemed to regard the invasion of the North and battles in Union territory of prime importance and a war goal, and with failure to secure a decisive victory at either Antietam (1862) or Gettysburg (1863), Lee offered to give up command.
Edwin Forbes's art, depicting the Army of Northern Virginia recrossing the Potomac at the end of the Gettysburg Campaign
This letter to Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederacy, reveals much of Lee's character and his unwillingness to stand in the way of possible success if someone else took command of the Army of Northern Virginia. Listening to the public tone exhibited in the newspapers and keen enough to suspect a possible hidden measure of disappointment from his troops, Lee offered to resign, giving Davis a way to relieve him of command without awkwardness.
Ultimately, Davis would decide to keep Lee in command, though in the autumn of 1863, he shuffled James Longstreet's corps to the western theater for a few months. To Davis and the Confederate government, Lee still seemed like their best option in the east.
General Robert E. Lee, Civil War era photograph
The Battle of Gettysburg heavily overshadows other Civil War fights, dominating the bookshelves, memory, and pop-culture in a powerful way. One of the seemingly endless debates about Gettysburg is finding a scapegoat for the Confederate loss. There are plenty of available candidates, and Lee had his choice of victims, including Stuart, Ewell, or Longstreet.
However, Lee chose not to shift blame. Instead of creating a scapegoat, he accepted responsibility for the defeat and offered to take the consequences. He admitted his health may have prevented him from taking an active battlefield role and caused him to rely more heavily on others. Rather than blaming the "messenger," Lee kept the leadership position, acknowledging that he should have further investigated.
Historical Musings
Lee's attitude in this letter stands in contrast to the conclusions of early "memory makers" and historians. After Lee's death in 1870, other former Confederates went on a campaign to idolize his memory, enhancing the idea of noble warrior and seeming to suggest that Lee did no wrong. That his defeats were caused by subordinates. James Longstreet – commander of the First Corps at Gettysburg – got assigned particular blame through the new smear/marble campaign.
The reputation others created for Lee would not have been to his liking, according to his writing this letter and other documents. Throughout his life and Civil War campaigns, Lee readily admitted mistakes and avoided the blame game.
Modern historians and enthusiasts would do well to remember and examine Lee's post-Gettysburg letters and consider how his perspective of the army and himself aligns with the stories created about him after his death.
Your Historian,
Miss Sarah
1863: In Their Words, American Civil War
1863, 1863: In Their Words, Army of Northern Virginia, Gettysburg Campaign, Jefferson Davis, marble man, memory, Robert E. Lee
← "The King & I"
1863: "There Are Rumors Of French Intervention" →


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How a Mythical Fertility Goddess Could Help Steer Armenia's National Election
Gayane Abrahamyan
A political party is trying to rally voters to demand the British Museum return a 2000-year-old bust of Anahit.
Left, the bust held in the British Museum. Right, Anahit's face on Armenian currency and stamps. / EurasiaNet
To the British Museum, she is "probably Aphrodite," the Greek goddess of love and beauty. To most Armenians, she is Anahit, an ancient Armenian goddess of fertility. Whoever is on the 1st century BC female bronze head with wavy hair and aquiline nose, it may serve as a political prop in Armenia's looming parliamentary election campaign.
The bust, housed in the British Museum, is featured on Armenian beauty parlor logos, coins, banknotes and stamps alike. It is better known in Armenia than even the country's state emblem, a recent TV opinion poll indicated. If asked, many Armenians most likely assume that the head, and a companion hand, are in Armenia itself.
And, now, Education Minister Armen Ashotian, a leader of the governing Republican Party of Armenia, along with the party's Armenian Youth Foundation (AYF), want to make sure that, one day, they will be. In February, Ashotian and the AYF launched an online campaign to gather petition signatures aimed at having the British Museum turn over to Yerevan ownership of the 1st century BC hand and head.
Ashotian disclaims any political motive, saying the timing of the petition drive has nothing to do with the upcoming parliamentary election. It is instead, he says, tied to the arrival of new British envoys, the husband-wife team of Jonathan Aves and Katherine Leach, to Yerevan in January. The parliamentary vote is scheduled for May 6, and the governing coalition, which is dominated by the Republican Party of Armenia, stands to potentially benefit from the publicity surrounding the initiative.
"It's merely my own initiative as a citizen. Not as a politician," Ashotian told Armenian media outlets.
Holding posters of the goddess and chanting "Anahit, come home!" roughly a hundred young people gathered on March 7 in front of the British Embassy to present Ambassador Leach with a petition of 20,000 signatures. An accompanying letter expressed thanks to the United Kingdom for keeping an eye on the goddess, but asserted that "historical justice requires" that the statue's head and hand "be repatriated and find refuge in the country of their origin."
In response, the British Museum has agreed to a temporary exhibition of Anahit in Armenia, according to the British Embassy. Details are not yet available.
Ashotian called the exhibition "the first step" in what he predicts will be "years of consistent work and efforts [that] will result in the permanent return of this highly important relic of ours."
Some local experts scoff at the campaign to recover Anahit, characterizing it as a sideshow. "Have we run out of all other issues?" asked Zhores Khachatrian, a leading expert on Armenian art from the Hellenstic period at the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. "It's pointless and . . . populism that failed from the start."
The head and hand were found in the 1870s in what is now northeastern Turkey, near the current village of Sadak, an area once believed to have been part of an ancient Armenian kingdom, but also fought over by Persians, Greeks and Romans.
Khachatrian cautioned that "the Armenian origin of the statute still has to be proven." Persia had a similar goddess, called Anakhita, but Khachatrian believes that "it is more possible that it may be the statue of a Roman pagan goddess." The statue was found near the site of a Roman camp inhabited during the same time period as Anahit's supposed creation.
Anelka Grigorian, the director of Armenia's State History Museum, expressed similar skepticism about the Anahit initiative. With roughly 5 million visitors per year, according to museum data, the British Museum brings the goddess' head and hand far more potential attention than any Armenia-based museum could, she said.
Legally, Armenia does not have a leg to stand on for laying claim to Anahit's head and hand, warned Vahan Gasparian, who leads the Ministry of Culture's Agency for the Preservation of Historical-Cultural Heritage. "[Anahit] was not illegally exported from our country, nor was it a war trophy, so that the ministry could try to return it with references to international treaties," Gasparian said. "It's possible only as an act of good will."
Culture Minister Hasmik Poghosian, who is not a Republican Party member, is also lukewarm on the idea. "At this moment, what matters more than bringing it back to Armenia is proving its Armenian origin," Poghosian told EurasiaNet.org. She described the existing British Museum description of the head as inadequate.
For the governing coalition, the Republican Party of Armenia in particular, the Anahit campaign can potentially serve as a welcome distraction from discussion of more substantive issues, including unemployment. "Obviously, it's not the primary issue right now," political analyst Yervand Bozoian, referring to Anahit. Although members of the governing coalition are probably not relishing the need to defend their economic record, Bozoian added that he saw no clear sign that the Anahit initiative was concocted to divert public attention from pressing issues. Armenia's election campaign officially does not begin until April 8.
The AYF youth activists who are co-sponsoring the campaign cite Egypt as a precedent that buoys their hopes. "To our knowledge, Egypt has been able to bring back more than 5,000 items over the past few years; 400 of which were from the British Museum," said AYF spokesperson Lilit Grigoryan. "All we are asking for is one item."
Grigorian, the state museum director, says she can relate to the youth activists' "emotional reasoning," but believes the campaign ultimately will fail. "Museums are greedy," Grigorian said. "The British Museum has bought it and will, naturally, never return it to us, which is quite normal."
This article originally appeared at EurasiaNet.org, an Atlantic partner site.
Gayane Abrahamyan writes for EurasiaNet.org.


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More than three decades removed from his graduation from Stanford University with an industrial engineering degree, David Weiss retains the attention to detail that established him as a leader among growers. After leaving Stanford, David remained in the Bay Area working in the tech sector in engineering management and project finance for 11 years. In 1993, a European family offered him a job managing Quercus Ranch in Kelseyville, thus prompting his relocation to Lake County. Read more about David Weiss.
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