text:
looking into the countryside - village renewal projects in tyrol
In the past years numerous village centers were revitalized in Tyrol. Smaller and larger village halls, resp., cultural and event centers were erected and village squares redesigned. Many of the projects resulted from architecture competitions, which were carried out in collaboration with the village renewal. The builder is almost always the community—several of them were awarded for their initiatives with the "Baukulturgemeinde-Preis" ("Building Culture Community Prize") given out by Landluft: Kals (Winning Community 2009), Hopfgarten (Winning Community 2012) and Fließ (Honorable Mention 2016)
St. Nikolaus Community Cultural Center
Kirchenweg 9, 6561 Ischgl, A
Architecture: parc architekten (2013) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Ischgl In 2014 the Community Cultural Center was awarded a "Distinction of the State of Tyrol for New Buildings".
A place designed exclusively for the locals and their extremely active club life – the St. Nikolaus Community Cultural Center – emerged in the "tourist metropolis" of Ischgl. The defining element is an accessible roof landscape under which large parts of the cubature – such as the band rehearsal room edged into the slope as a wooden box – disappear. Together with a "parlor" available to all the clubs, the new music pavilion and a ramp with seating steps, a new village square has opened up.
© Karl Heinz
Kappl Village Centre
Kappl 112, 6555 Kappl, A
Architecture: brenner + kritzinger architekten (2007-2010) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Kappl Open to the public: partially
A new community centre cum village square between to churches and adjacent slope, have been developed in the middle of Kappl in place of both the former lower secondary school and the old local authority. The design and height development of the three "U" shaped buildings around the square take the church and the small village structures into consideration.
© Birgit Koell
Village Center Redevelopment Fließ
Dorf 120, 6521 Fließ, A
Architecture: Rainer Köberl, Daniela Kröss (2013-2015) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Fließ Open to the public: partially Accessibility: Directly in the center of Fließ TIP: Located opposite is the Weißes Kreuz cultural inn, which consistently offers exhibitions and events.
The "Stuemergründe" village center, designed by Rainer Köberl and Daniela Kröss, emerged as the winning project of a novel competition procedure with the intensive involvement of the residents of Fließ. Their project breaks up the complex spatial allocation plan—from the village hall, to a doctor's office and commercial space, right up to apartments—into three different structures. Developed in reference to the small-scaled village structure, the buildings are arranged on the building lot in such a manner that attractive square sequences and vistas were created.
© Lukas Schaller
DOZ – Dorfzentrum (Village Centre)
Dorf 87, 6521 Fließ, A
Architecture: AllesWirdGut (2000-2001) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Fliess Open to the public: partially TIP: Archaeological Documentation Centre Via Claudia Augusta in the village centre.
At a sensitive building plot very close to the church, cemetery and vicarage, the village centre forms, due to its independent architectural "language", a new profane centre. The angular crystalline free-standing building, with its shape being determined by height, spacing regulations and mix of functions, contains variable and combinable open rooms at staggered levels – among others the tourist information office and a café.
© Hertha Hurnaus
Conversion and Renovation of the Karrösten Village House
Karrösten Nr. 66, 6460 Karrösten, A
Architecture: Raimund Rainer (2007-2008) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Karrösten, Alpenländische Heimstätte Open to the public: partially The project received an honorable mention from the jury during the "Tirol Renovation Prize 2009" competition.
Environmentally-conscious thinking and acting have been strongly emphasized in the community of Karrösten for many years. The village house itself, which houses the village office, a multipurpose hall, as well as a nursery school and apartments, did not meet this requirement at all. The renovation concept, which resulted from an architecture competition, not only brought the existing stock from the1960s up to a passive house quality regarding energy efficiency, but also improved the whole spatial structure around the village office, which was relocated as the connecting middle point on the ground floor.
© Simon Rainer
Multipurpose Hall and Rehearsal Space Weißenbach
Loach 2, 6671 Weißenbach, A
Architecture: LAAC (2011) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Weißenbach am Lech Open to the public: Café Treffpunkt during operating hours TIP: Weißenbach is an ideal starting point for hiking through the wild river landscape of the Lech River and the Lech River floodplains.
This multipurpose building arose between the primary school and the nursery school. It features a gymnasium for the primary school, a music rehearsal space and a foyer with a restaurant, which the multi-functionally utilized hall can be flowingly accessed from via a grandstand. In order to minimize the visible cubature and to integrate the small-scaled context, a large part of the volume is recessed into the ground. A walkable roof deck, which forms a slightly inclined slope, spans the elongated building.
Felixe Minas Haus
Oberhöfen 45, 6675 Tannheim, A
Architecture: Richard Freisinger (2009-2010) Builder-owner: Tannheimer Kommunalbetriebe Open to the public: only with a guided tour (currently Tue and Fri at 4 pm) TIP: The house offers an insight into the history of bourgeois living in the countryside; in addition, a farm shop was set up.
With the revitalization of the Felixe Minas House, erected in 1698, one of the most valuable cultural-historic buildings in the Tannheim Valley could be utilized as a multifunctional cultural center. The existing structure underwent a complete renovation and was expanded with an annex wrapped in a shingled façade, in which a rehearsal room for the community band was created. A single-story concrete building with a main entrance and foyer acts as a link between the old and the new.
Turmmuseum Oetz (Tower Museum of Oetz)
Schulweg 2, 6433 Oetz, A
Architecture: Brunner + Sallmann (2002-2004) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Oetz Open to the public: Thu-Suni 2 p.m.–6 p.m open on Wed in the summer) Accessibility: Parking possibility at the parking lot in the center of Oetz To see in the museum: the Hans Jäger Collection, as well as regular special exhibitions.
With the "Tuum," ("tower"), the village center of Oetz possesses one of the oldest and most significant secular buildings in the Ötztal Valley, which was made accessible to the public through the complete refurbishment and adaptation of the museum. The unobtrusive exterior design, the staging of the route guidance and the design of the additions needed for museum operation form an exciting dialog with the historic stock.
© Arno Gisinger
Fire Brigade and Club House
Thomas-Riß-Weg 1, 6422 Stams, A
Architecture: Kurt Rumplmayr, Albert Weber (1995-1997) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Stams TIP: Founded in the 13th century, the Stams Monastery with its monastery church rebuilt in High Baroque is equally worth seeing as the Stams Skiing Grammar School erected by Othmar Barth in the late 1970s.
On Dorfstraße between the walls of the Stams Monastery and the old rampart gate, the former "Spitz Garden" became the construction site for the Fire Brigade and Club House. Located on the ground floor, executed in exposed concrete, are the garages and ancillary rooms of the Fire Brigade. The upper floor, enveloped with a wood façade, holds the music rehearsal room and the library. By placing the building completely on the street, a square that opens towards the village center could be created for celebrations.
Townscape Redevelopment Telfs
6410 Telfs, A
Architecture: Architekturhalle Wulz-König (2006-2007) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Telfs Open to the public: yes Accessibility: Several streets along Obermarkt, resp., Untermarktstraße
The goal of the redevelopment was to transform the town center, strongly impacted by traffic in the past, into a publically usable space with amenity qualities. By reducing the road width, space for wider sidewalks and plaza-like extensions were created, which were designed with granite plates of different sizes. Information points, fountains, benches, rows of trees and plant and flower beds structure the street space; a lighting concept ensures that the various areas are more or less brightly illuminated according to their significance.
Community Center Pfaffenhofen
Dorfplatz 154, 6405 Pfaffenhofen, A
Architecture: Architekturhalle Wulz-König (2012-2013) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Pfaffenhofen Open to the public: partially
For a long time the village hall, primary school and clubs such as the band and the fire brigade were housed in a building on the village square. With the new construction of a multifunctional community center and the adaption of the existing building, the most diverse uses were disentangled and given the necessary spatial enlargement. The new structure, erected in the monastery garden and enveloped in a wooden façade, integrates itself into the existing village ensemble and nonetheless self-confidently appears as a village hall.
© Die Fotografen
WODOP – Wohnen am Dorfplatz (Living on the Village Square)
Oberdorfstraße 2, 6402 Hatting, A
Architecture: Helmut Seelos (2012-2013) Builder-owner: Bernhard Kluckner Open to the public: partially (miniM and bakery)
"WODOP" is an example of how the revitalization of a village center can succeed out of private initiative. A meeting place for the populace was created with a food market and a bakery with a café. The "starter apartments" on the upper floors are to offer the young generation the incentive to remain in the village. Especially worth noting is that the builder dispensed with some of the rentable spaces so that a canopied outdoor area, which acts as "mini village square," could emerge.
© David Schreyer
Cultural and Event Center B4
Bahnhofstraße 4, 6170 Zirl, A
Architecture: Wolf Architektur (2014-2015) Builder-owner: Marktgemeinde Zirl Open to the public: partially The B4 was erected on the site of the former nursing home; an attractive new building was added in 2007 with the "'s zenzi" social services center (architecture: Manfred Gsottbauer).
With the club house—the result of an EU-wide competition—the architects created a new entrance hall on the southern entry into the community of Zirl. A sequence of several variously high construction dimensions, whose scale is oriented to the existing structure and forms distinct spatial edges, arose for the different functions. A two-story foyer, designed as a type of "village square" lying in the building, acts as the central link.
© Christian Flatscher
Völs Town Hall
Dorfstraße 35, 6176 Völs, A
Architecture: Peter Pozzo, Anton Widauer (2004-2006) Builder-owner: Marktgemeinde Völs Open to the public: partially
In close vicinity to the existing town hall, a second, barrier-free administration building was erected for the community. The heterogeneous, rurally structured setting and the steeply rising slope of the Blasiusberg Mountain defined the scale, shape and materiality of the new structure. As if growing out of the slope, a corten-steel roof edges its way over the otherwise very transparently kept building.
Natters Music Rehearsal Building and Club House
Innsbruckerstraße 4, 6161 Natters, A
Architecture: Manfred Gsottbauer (2008) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Natters Open to the public: partially Accessibility: Tram route "STB" from Innsbruck main station
The winning concept for the rehearsal, practicing and performance square for the village and its club, which was planned under the key note "give the festival a structure", was selected from the architectural contest for the village's regeneration. The main part is a passe-partout type roofed gallery which contains the copper panelled club house and festival-square with stage and, at the same time is a landscape viewing platform.
Multipurpose Building Domanig Hof
Römerstraße 1, 6141 Schönberg, A
Architecture: Werner Thönig, Johann Obermoser (1988-1989) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Schönberg Open to the public: partially (Gasthof Domanig) The name goes back to the postmaster Elias Domanig, a confidant of Tyrolean freedom fighter Andreas Hofer who lived at of time of Tyrol's struggle for freedom.
The Domanig Hof farmhouse, whose core originates from the 16th century and which was used for centuries as a post station, was adapted at the end of the 1980s. It houses the community office, primary school, the local fire brigade, a library, as well as an inn. The old building stock was renovated, the roof newly constructed and extended to the east, whereby the new components clearly set themselves apart from the old structures.
Veranstaltungszentrum FoRum (event centre)
Rathausplatz 1, 6063 Rum, A
Architecture: Richard Freisinger, Hans Peter Gruber (2005-2006) Builder-owner: Immobilien Rum Accessibility: via the "Dörferstraße" from Innsbruck through the villages on the northern foothills to Hall, bus line D or E TIP: Café FORUM, open daily 9:30 a.m. – 7 p.m.
The centre is situated next to the church, the churchyard and the seat of the municipality of the large village of Rum. The complex of one-storey and two-storey buildings, respectful of the more rural character of the village, reflects the proportions of the surrounding buildings. The nicely renovated old seat of the village administration, a stage and grandstand with a roof, for all types of events, and the other parts of the complex together shape a graciously designed square.
KiWi – Kirchenwirt Culture and Event Centre
Dörferstraße 57, 6067 Absam, A
Architecture: Martin Scharfetter, Robert Rier (2009-2010) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Absam Open to the public: Inn with nine pin bowling alley and museums during their opening hours Accessibility: directly in the centre of Absam TIP: Things worthwhile seeing concerning the history of the village, emphasis on "Jakob Stainer", "salt mining" and "sport" in the newly equipped community museum.
Developed due to the spatial and architectural circumstances of the village, the KiWi has now become the new village point of interest. Three clearly detectable, independently functioning parts of the building – event hall, inn and community museum – are connected by means of a long stretched out foyer. Despite their clear contemporary shapes, the new buildings blend in naturally with the established structure due to their materiality, colour and dimensions. The inn, the Kirchenwirt, which is under historic protection, was returned to its original condition and carefully integrated into the overall plan.
Fire Station and Club House, Gnadenwald
Gnadenwald 51b, 6069 Gnadenwald, A
Architecture: Manfred Gsottbauer (2012) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Gnadenwald Open to the public: partially Accessibility: From Absam on the main road towards Gnadenwald in the district of St. Michael. TIP: Theater performances, concerts and festivals take place regularly in the club house, resp., on the festival grounds.
In the new building, which resulted from an architectural competition held by "Dorferneuerung Tirol" a state organization dedicated to village renewal in Tyrol, two different uses are accommodated on two levels. The Volunteer Fire Department received a modern operations center, situated at ground level and oriented to the access road. Lying above this component, which was built with steel-reinforced concrete and partially dug into the slope, is the club house, executed as a timber construction. Featuring a festival area attached on the same level, it provides an attractive setting for the community's active club life.
© birgitkoell.at
Village Center Pill
Dorf 9, 6136 Pill, A
Architecture: DIN A4 Architektur (2012) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Pill Open to the public: yes Concerts, among others by the Pill Federal Music Band, are held in the music pavilion in the summer.
The redevelopment of the village square, lying in close vicinity to the church, led to the creation of a closed, variously usable spatial situation instead of the formerly unstructured public space. The music pavilion, including a bar and toilets, was housed in an elongated, angled structure which, as the "backbone," offers the square the necessary protection against wind and noise.
© Norbert Freudenthaler
Village Square and miniM
Unterdorf 61, 6135 Stans, A
Architecture: Manfred Gsottbauer (2014) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Stans Open to the public: yes (miniM during business hours) TIP: Hiking from Stans through the "Wolfsklamm" ravine up to the St. Georgenberg Abbey, which was built upon a rock and is the oldest pilgrimage site in Tyrol.
In the place of a building destroyed by a fire, a central village square, which had been missing up to then, could be realized between the church, village hall and private buildings. What emerged is a calmly designed open space with a high amenity value that can be used for most diverse activities in the village. Additionally situated in a renovated house on the square is a small grocery store which, as a local supplier, significantly contributes to the vitalization of the village center.
Parish Center Aschau
Dorfstraße 40, 6274 Aschau im Zillertal, A
Architecture: M9 ARCHITEKTEN Senfter Lanzinger (2010-2013) Builder-owner: Pfarre Aschau Accessibility: In the village center, directly next to the church The project was nominated in 2013 for the ZV-Building-Owner-Award.
The meanwhile functionless pastor's rectory provided the spaces needed in the Aschau parish for various groups, the administration and celebrations. This rectory, which is attached to the church and listed, was gutted and adapted for the new uses. Ancillary rooms and a small apartment are located in a narrow annex, which adopt the existing building lines in the sense of further construction.
Europahaus Mayrhofen
Dursterstraße 225, 6290 Mayrhofen, A
Architecture: Architekturhalle Wulz-König (2010) Builder-owner: Europahaus Mayrhofen GesnbR Open to the public: partially (restaurant, tourism association) TIP: The Penkenbahn and Ahornbahn mountain railways have station buildings that are worth seeing
In the course of the conversion and extension, the congress, administration and information center erected in the late-1970s was given a completely new appearance. The previously rather heavy and stolid seeming building was transformed into a bright, crystalline structure that places a clear accent between the traditional Tyrolean houses. The spatial offer was significantly expanded and newly organized, whereby the second largest event center in Tyrol now has four action levels at its disposal.
Tux Center
Lanersbach 401, 6293 Tux, A
Architecture: Manfred Gsottbauer (2009-2010) Builder-owner: Tux Center GmbH Open to the public: partially Concerts, theater performances and other events regularly take place in Tux Center.
Tux-Lanersbach is a characteristic village shaped by tourism in which the "Lederhosen style" continues to dominate. The decidedly contemporarily designed event center clearly sets itself apart from this environment. Under a sculpturally formed "bonnet," enveloped with fiber cement shingles, spaces for the tourism association and the mountain rescue squad, a café, rehearsal rooms, as well as the large event hall are located. Towards the street side the structure acquiesces scale-wise into the surroundings. The hall's large volume is distinctly readable towards the valley floor.
Cultural Center Sillian
Sillian 86a, 9920 Sillian, A
Architecture: Machné Architekten (2007) Builder-owner: TIGEWOSI, Gemeinde Sillian Open to the public: partially
Built on a lot opposite the town hall, the Cultural Center consists of a monolithic, formally independent structure that creates an identification point in the heterogeneously developed community. Sitting above a pervious ground floor is a protruding, closed upper floor with a multifunctional event hall that is shaped in such a way that the large volume does not appear in its full height from the street side.
© Paul Ott
Community Center "Haus Valgrata"
9931 Außervillgraten, A
Architecture: Machné & Durig, Machné Architekten, Peter Jungmann (2004) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Außervillgraten Open to the public: partially Accessibility: At the northwestern edge of the village, directly on, resp. above the state road
With the "Haus Valgrata" a distinctive building in which various communal institutions were brought together arose at the edge of the village. Adjacent to the existing fire brigade house with a hall for cultural events, the recycling center and construction yard were accommodated in an elongated structure. Its roof forms a large entrance stairway and ends in a new plaza. Located behind it are the foyer and multipurpose hall, which were realized for the most part as superstructure extending above the state road.
Community Center Assling
Unterassling 28, 9911 Assling, A
Architecture: lor.architektur (2008-2009) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Assling Open to the public: partially
With the new construction of a club house and the concomitant redesign of the village square, a common center was created for the residents of the widely scattered community of Assling, which is made up of 18 hamlets. The existing buildings arranged around the square were bound together by means of an exposed concrete podium with a back wall and roof. The club house, which completes the newly created square in the northeast, was erected adjacent to it.
Community Center and Nursery School
Hermann-Gmeiner-Straße 4, 9900 Nußdorf-Debant, A
Architecture: Gerhard Mitterberger (1992-1995) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Nußdorf-Debant Open to the public: partially Today these buildings form a distinctive town ensemble together with the refurbished "Community Forum" and the "Town Office" (architecture: Schneider & Lengauer, Hertl.Architekten).
A nursery school, a sports center with a changing area, a sauna, a tennis hall with seating, the community forum as well as the fire brigade, building yard and trash collection point—this mix of leisure time offers and community services was realized in the mid-1990s by consolidating and expanding existing buildings in the center of town. The various usages are divided into clearly different structures and, together with the paths and surfaces, form a loose and yet locally defined network.
© Zita Oberwalder
Town Office and Community Forum Nußdorf-Debant
Architecture: Schneider & Lengauer, HERTL.ARCHITEKTEN (2008-2010) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Nußdorf-Debant Open to the public: partially TIP: Also worth seeing is the Nußdorf‐Debant family village, a housing estate with an integrated SOS Children's Village by FUCHSUNDPEER und Mario Ramoni (2011).
Community facilities as well as numerous clubs were housed in the old "Community Forum" built in the 1960s (architecture: Hans Buchrainer). Both of these functions were separated when it was expanded by a town office. The "Community Forum" was renovated and correspondingly adapted to the needs of contemporary club life. Erected in a sensitive handling of the local scale, the "Town Office" was placed in front of the existing building so that a "market square" was created towards the street.
© Kurt Hörbst
Cultural and Fire Brigade House
Dorf 88, 9961 Hopfgarten in Defereggen, A
Architecture: Machné & Durig (2001-2003) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Hopfgarten The village hall and square were redesigned from 2006 to 2008 (planning: Hans-Peter Machné)
The starting point for the project was the inn that was missing in the village—what followed was a new town policy, which was awarded with the "Building Culture Community Prize" in 2012. The founding of a village renewal commission preceded the construction of the new multipurpose structure. A competition was consequently tendered with Dorferneuerung Tirol (Village Renewal Tyrol). The result is a crystalline structure, conceived in reaction to the exposed slope, with the fire brigade together with a practice forecourt in the lower area and the public functions, including the large event hall, in the overlying element that protrudes eight meters outwards.
Funeral Hall and Cemetery Expansion
9961 Hopfgarten in Defereggen, A
Architecture: Schneider & Lengauer (2010-2011) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Hopfgarten Accessibility: Cemetery at the St. John Nepomucene Parish Church. The listed St. Michael's Chapel, which became a contemporary memorial room for the community's fallen soldiers, was likewise redesigned.
In the course of the cemetery expansion, a new funeral hall, whose exterior façade made of quarry stone masonry is based on the solid natural stone wall of the cemetery, was erected. The space in the interior, featuring wood paneling and simple benches, ties into the tradition of the farmhouse parlor. A narrow window and a circumferential glass strip placed under the roof bring natural light into the space and establish the relationship to the village, resp. the mountains.
Glocknerhaus
Ködnitz 7, 9981 Kals am Großglockner, A
Architecture: Schneider & Lengauer (1999-2000) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Kals, TVB Kals, Nationalparkverwaltung Tirol, Raiffeisenbank Matrei Open to the public: partially (exhibition only in the summer months) TIP: The exhibition space is in the basement and several rooms are devoted to the theme "Under the Spell of the Großglockner Mountain."
The revitalization of the village center began in the small community of Kals am Großglockner with the Glocknerhaus, which houses the Hohe Tauern National Park administration, the Kals Tourism Association and a branch bank. A plain structure that follows the course of the road was erected; its scale and color scheme refer to the late Gothic rectory and the parish church and thereby creates a harmonious ensemble of old and new.
© Klaus Costadedoi
Village Hall "de calce"
Ködnitz 15, 9981 Kals am Großglockner, A
Architecture: Schneider & Lengauer (2004-2006) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Kals Open to the public: partially TIP: Also worth seeing is the renovation of the rectory erected by the barons from Görz around 1480, which was executed at the same time by Schneider & Lengauer.
Like the Glocknerhaus planned several years previously by the same architects, the community center enters into a dialog with the topographic conditions and the township of Ködnitz, which is characterized by the parish church and the late Gothic rectory. The four-story, compact structure with flat roofs and horizontal lines establishes a very serene relationship to the existing stock, without compromising it in its singularity.
Cultural Center Kals
Architecture: Schneider & Lengauer (2012-2013) Builder-owner: Gemeinde Kals TIP: Events such as concerts or theater performances by the Volksbühne Kals regularly take place here.
In order to give space to the active club and cultural life, the community of Kals decided on constructing a new event center with a hall that seats over 300 people. Schneider and Lengauer realized an elongated building which follows the course of the road, is docked onto the old Ködnitzhof inn, and, with its steep saddle roof and the precisely placed openings, makes reference to the rectory.


Today we were talking about things we noticed as we worked with finding a fraction of 1/2. Students are noticing things I expected: that the denominator doubles each time, the numerator is staying the same as the fraction you are dividing the half up into, some are starting to notice that the numerators are multiplying and so are the denominators, and some are just flat out complaining that they have to model it on the fraction the bar.
So the fraction of 1/2 was pulling some great noticings, however I wanted the students to feel the value of being able to model the mathematics, to show what was happening, so I asked them what would it look like if I had 3/4 of a candy bar and wanted to split it with two friends. What fraction of the whole bar would I get?
I was excited that some labeled the 3/4 on a fraction bar with 6/8 and then split that in half and labeled 3/8. They said they "knew half of 6/8 was 3/8" I asked why didn't they work with 3/4, they explained that splitting the three was not working and 6 was easier because it was even.
Some said they had split the 3/4 in half and it looked about like a 1/3, so it was 1/3. I appreciated the estimations, but looking for them to dig further after they estimated.
We don't "need" the fraction bar. Huh.
Then an interesting thought hit me….they see pictures as a tool they don't need rather than a model of a mathematical situation. It almost seemed as if they viewed the bar as "baby-ish" to use. You know how certain things hit you as WoW?!? That is completely what that comment did. I immediately started to reflect on how I had made the fraction bar sound…did I just make it sound like a way to solve? Did I even use the word model? Am I placing too much emphasis on the modeling piece?
I can see why students view diagrams as a way to solve….when they learn to add, they draw pictures. When they first work with "groups of" they draw pictures. When they first work with arrays, they draw things in row and columns. Once they have learned how to add, the pictures aren't necessary. When they have learned how to multiply, the arrays and groups of aren't seen as a necessity.
In that moment, I wanted the students to appreciate how important (and difficult) modeling is in mathematics. I pushed them to explain how to name that line drawn at half of the 3/4 and we had some great conversations about why this was more difficult than a fraction of 1/2.
In the end, I assured them that I sit with adults all of the time and we struggle (and find MUCH enjoyment) in making models of mathematical situations. They felt ok with knowing it wasn't just tough for them and I felt ok that they could see a "need" for their fraction bars!
This entry was posted in Fractions, Math, Uncategorized and tagged 5th Grade, CCSS Math Practices, Math, Modeling Math on November 22, 2013 by mathmindsblog.


Twin Pines Motel accommodation is located in the heart of Mooloolaba, Sunshine Coast, minutes from the surf, the shops and Underwater world.
Kick back and relax in comfort and get a great night sleep, as all our accommodation rooms are fully air-conditioned.
Take full advantage of our great facilities during your Twin Pines Motel Mooloolaba. Including swimming pool, free Austar, tea and coffee and much more.
One main attraction to Twin Pines Motel is that we are a short 200m stroll to the beach restaurants, cafes, boutique shopping, clubs and entertainment on the view inspiring Esplanade. You are also only a few minutes to Underwater World, where you explore the wonders of nature and the deep, maybe take a dive with the sharks. To help you experience all Mooloolaba has to offer, we are happy to make reservations and provide you with our insight into Sunshine Coast tours, attractions & restaurants.
Within a couple of minutes there is an ample supply of bars, restaurants, entertainment, takeaway foods, 24 hours convenience store and bottle shop for that relaxing bottle of wine.
Dallas & Myra Grindrod has been on site at Twin Pines Motel for the past 13 years. They endeavour to maintain a high level of customer service and well maintained room facilities and premises. Their knowledge and skills in the hospitality industry and other businesses, ensures they continue their preferred standards in all aspects of business.
The Housekeeping girls, who are long term employees, also work hard to present a very high level of customer service, cleanliness and quality presentation of the motels accommodation rooms. Their attention to detail ensures our valued guests are provided with a comfortable and pleasurable stay.
Customer comment feedback forms are available in our compendiums for guest comments. These comments also help ensure our team are meeting our customers high standards through listening and acting upon our customers constructive comments.


The JV's 186-unit property features larger floorplans than most other local communities.
Stiles Residential Group and Grubb Ventures are set to break ground on a 186-unit luxury multifamily community in Raleigh.
The Carolinian on Glenwood is a 186-unit property built by Clancy & Theys Construction Co. Stiles Residential Group and Grubb Ventures have leased the first units of the asset.


text:
The Patent Office Can't Ignore Law it Dislikes
By Alex Moss
Last month, we asked EFF supporters to help save Alice v. CLS Bank, the 2014 Supreme Court decision that has helped stem the tide of stupid software patents and abusive patent litigation. The Patent Office received hundreds of comments from you, telling it to do the right thing and apply Alice, not narrow it. Thank you.
Last week, EFF submitted its own comments [PDF] to the Patent Office. In our comments, we explain that Patent Office's new guidance on patent-eligibility will make it harder—if not impossible—for examiners to apply Supreme Court law correctly. If examiners cannot apply Alice to abstract patent applications, more invalid patents will issue. That's not only bad for innovation, it also violates fundamental principles of divided government. The Supreme Court interprets laws that Congress passes, not executive branch agencies like the Patent Office.
The Patent Office's new guidance aims to undermine Alice in two ways. First, the Guidance narrows ineligible abstract ideas to only three possibilities: mental processes, mathematical formula, and methods of organizing human activity. No Supreme Court or Federal Circuit has ever said only three categories of abstract ideas exist. In fact, the Supreme Court in Alice went out of its way to explain that it was not going to "labor to delimit the precise contours of the 'abstract ideas' category in this case."
That omission is not incidental. Instead, of defining a precise "abstract idea" category, the Court endorsed an approach that should be familiar to lawyers: figuring out whether the claims in a given case are abstract, by using past cases. That's how the Court determined that the Alice patent—which covered the idea of using a third-party intermediary—was abstract. It was similar to other abstract patents, like one on the idea of hedging risk. Following Alice, courts have repeatedly recognized abstract ideas by comparing them to other abstract ideas. That is the method the Supreme Court has approved, and the Patent Office should instruct its examiners to apply it as well—not to effectively rewrite its own wishes into the Supreme Court's decision.
Second, the Guidance creates an entirely new and unprecedented step within the Supreme Court's two-step test. According to the Patent Office, an application that recites an abstract idea should still get a patent, as long as it integrates the idea into a "practical application." That means examiners would bypass the critical second step of the Supreme Court's patent-eligilibity test—identifying an "inventive concept." In Alice, the Supreme Court applied the entire two-step test, and did not suggest there were any loopholes. The idea that any "practical application" is enough to get a patent, even without inventiveness, fails to comply with Alice.
The Patent Office's new guidance cites a handful of Federal Circuit decisions in support of its approach. But it ignores countless cases in which the Federal Circuit has rejected ineligible abstract ideas that the Patent Office will now almost certainly approve, and it ignores key aspects of Alice itself.
The Patent Office has no authority to ignore case law it dislikes. With your help, we will keep fighting to ensure the patent system promotes innovation by limiting patent grants to actual inventions.
Deeplinks Blog by Katharine Trendacosta | January 20, 2020
YouTube, which has become essential for video creators to build an audience, has a new tool that's supposed to help users respond to its copyright filter. Is it something that makes fair use a priority? No, it's a way to make it easier to remove the part of a video...
We're taking part in Copyright Week, a series of actions and discussions supporting key principles that should guide copyright policy. Every day this week, various groups are taking on different elements of copyright law and policy, addressing what's at stake and what we need to do to make sure...
Deeplinks Blog by Rebecca Jeschke | January 14, 2020
Strange Bedfellows: EFF Sides with PTO in Trademark Battle Over 'Booking.com'
EFF often criticizes the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) for granting bad patents, but a case in the Supreme Court has us on the same side. On Monday, EFF filed an amicus brief asking the court to reject trademark protection for "Booking.com," pointing out that other travel companies...
Press Release | January 13, 2020
EFF Asks Supreme Court To Reverse Dangerous Rulings About API Copyrightability and Fair Use
Washington D.C.—The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) today asked the U.S. Supreme Court to rule that functional aspects of Oracle's Java programming language are not copyrightable, and even if they were, employing them to create new computer code falls under fair use protections.The court is reviewing a long-running lawsuit...
Dodging Bullets on the Path to a Decentralized Future: 2019 in Review
The Internet's decentralized nature has historically been its greatest super-power, granting it the ability to shrug off censors and spies and redistribute power away from corruptible gatekeepers out to the creators and innovators on its edges. But it's only been in the last few years that the Net's own corporate...
Deeplinks Blog by Katharine Trendacosta | December 22, 2019
Yet Another Year of Fighting a Bad Copyright Bill: 2019 Year in Review
There is certainly more than enough room in this world for new copyright laws that would improve the lives of artists and their audiences. And then there's the Copyright Alternatives in Small-Claims Enforcement Act (CASE Act), a proposal which doesn't help the artists it claims to be for and would...
Deeplinks Blog by Katharine Trendacosta, Ernesto Falcon | December 21, 2019
The Year We Fought to Get Net Neutrality Back: 2019 Year in Review
Ever since the FCC repealed net neutrality protections in 2017, we've been fighting to return as many protections to as many Americans as possible. In 2019, the battles in the courts and Congress both kept those committed to a free and open Internet very busy. Mozilla v. FCC Takes Center...
Deeplinks Blog by Elliot Harmon | November 22, 2019
Nonprofit Community Stands Together to Protect .ORG
EFF and 26 other organizations just sent a letter to the Internet Society (ISOC) urging it to stop the sale of the Public Interest Registry (PIR)—the organization that manages the .ORG top-level domain—to private equity firm Ethos Capital. Our message is clear: .ORG is extremely important to the non-governmental...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Order Statistics Conditional Distribution of Affiliated System We have a system with $M (M\ge 2)$ random variables. The M variables are related as follows. For each i, 1 to M,
$X_i = I_i+Z$, where $I_i$, Z are independent uniform random variables.
What is the density and cummulative distribution function of $Y_1$, where $Y_1$ is the highest of the $X_2$ to $X_M$, conditional on $X_1=x$?
So in essence, we are after the density and cummulative distribution function of the First Order Statistic, conditional on one of the random variables being observed, in an affiliated system, with the affiliation as defined above.
Below are the steps to where I have reached, could someone please comment on whether I am on the right track and whether any further simplifications are possible?
Lastly, Are there known extensions to other distributions or at least maybe normal and lognormal cases?
Thanks in advance
STEPS TRIED
\begin{eqnarray*}
X_{i}=I_{i}+Z
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
f_{X_{i}}\left(x_{i}\right)=\begin{cases}
x_{i} & 0\leq x_{i}<1\\
2-x_{i} & 1\leq x_{i}\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
F_{X_{i}}\left(x_{i}\right)=\begin{cases}
\frac{x_{i}^{2}}{2} & 0\leq x_{i}<1\\
2x_{i}-1-\frac{x_{i}^{2}}{2} & 1\leq x_{i}\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
g\left(y\mid x\right) & = & \left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{F\left(y\right)}{F\left(x\right)}\right]^{M-2}\left(\frac{f\left(y\right)}{F\left(x\right)}\right)
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left[\vphantom{\frac{f_{Y_{i},Y_{j}}\left(y_{i},y_{j}\right)}{f_{Y_{j}}\left(y_{j}\right)}}\because\; f_{Y_{i}}\left(y_{i}\mid Y_{j}=y_{j}\right)\right. & = & \frac{f_{Y_{i},Y_{j}}\left(y_{i},y_{j}\right)}{f_{Y_{j}}\left(y_{j}\right)}\quad Here,\; Y_{M}\leq Y_{i}\leq Y_{j}\leq Y_{1}\;\; are\; Order\; Statistics.\\
 & = & \frac{\left(j-1\right)!}{\left(i-1\right)!\left(j-i-1\right)!}\left\{ \frac{F\left(y_{i}\right)}{F\left(y_{j}\right)}\right\} ^{i-1}\left[\frac{F\left(y_{j}\right)-F\left(y_{i}\right)}{F\left(y_{j}\right)}\right]^{j-i-1}\left.\left(\frac{f\left(y_{i}\right)}{F\left(y_{j}\right)}\right)\right]
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
g\left(y\mid x\right)=\begin{cases}
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{y}{x}\right]^{2\left(M-2\right)}\left(\frac{2y}{x^{2}}\right) & 0\leq y,x<1\\
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{\left(2y-1-\frac{y^{2}}{2}\right)}{\left(2x-1-\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}\right]^{M-2}\left\{ \frac{2-y}{\left(2x-1-\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}\right\}  & 1\leq y,x\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left[\vphantom{\frac{f_{Y_{i},Y_{j}}\left(y_{i},y_{j}\right)}{f_{Y_{j}}\left(y_{j}\right)}}\because\; G_{Y_{i}}\left(y_{i}\mid Y_{j}=y_{j}\right)\right. & \approx & \frac{\int_{-\infty}^{y_{i}}f_{Y_{i},Y_{j}}\left(u,y_{j}\right)du}{f_{Y_{j}}\left(y_{j}\right)}\quad\\
 & = & \frac{\left(j-1\right)!}{\left(i-1\right)!\left(j-i-1\right)!}\\
 &  & \left[\frac{\int_{-\infty}^{y_{i}}\left(F\left(u\right)\right)^{i-1}\left(1-F\left(y_{j}\right)\right)^{M-j}\left(F\left(y_{j}\right)-F\left(u\right)\right)^{j-i-1}f\left(u\right)f\left(y_{j}\right)du}{\left(F\left(y_{j}\right)\right)^{j-1}\left(1-F\left(y_{j}\right)\right)^{M-j}f\left(y_{j}\right)}\right]
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
G\left(y\mid x\right)=\begin{cases}
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{\int_{0}^{y}\left(\frac{u^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-2}uxdu}{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-1}x}\right] & 0\leq y,x<1\\
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{\int_{1}^{y}\left(2u-1-\frac{u^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-2}\left(2-u\right)\left(2-x\right)du}{\left(2x-1-\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-1}\left(2-x\right)}\right] & 1\leq y,x\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
G\left(y\mid x\right)=\begin{cases}
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{2\int_{0}^{y}u^{2M-3}du}{x^{2M-2}}\right] & 0\leq y,x<1\\
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{\int_{1}^{y}\left(2u-1-\frac{u^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-2}\left(2-u\right)du}{\left(2x-1-\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-1}}\right] & 1\leq y,x\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
G\left(y\mid x\right)=\begin{cases}
\left[\frac{y^{2M-2}}{x^{2M-2}}\right] & 0\leq y,x<1\\
\left[\frac{\left(2y-1-\frac{y^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-1}}{\left(2x-1-\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-1}}\right] & 1\leq y,x\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left[\because\; H\left(x\right)=\int_{a}^{x}h\left(t\right)dt\;;\; H'\left(x\right)=h\left(x\right)\right]
\end{eqnarray*}

A: POTENTIAL ANSWER
PLEASE HELP VERIFY THE STEPS AND IF THERE ARE ALTERNATE WAYS TO SOLVE THIS.
\begin{eqnarray*}
X_{i}=I_{i}+Z
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
f_{X_{i}}\left(x_{i}\right)=\begin{cases}
x_{i} & 0\leq x_{i}<1\\
2-x_{i} & 1\leq x_{i}\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
F_{X_{i}}\left(x_{i}\right)=\begin{cases}
\frac{x_{i}^{2}}{2} & 0\leq x_{i}<1\\
2x_{i}-1-\frac{x_{i}^{2}}{2} & 1\leq x_{i}\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
g\left(y\mid x\right) & = & \left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{F\left(y\right)}{F\left(x\right)}\right]^{M-2}\left(\frac{f\left(y\right)}{F\left(x\right)}\right)
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left[\vphantom{\frac{f_{Y_{i},Y_{j}}\left(y_{i},y_{j}\right)}{f_{Y_{j}}\left(y_{j}\right)}}\because\; f_{Y_{i}}\left(y_{i}\mid Y_{j}=y_{j}\right)\right. & = & \frac{f_{Y_{i},Y_{j}}\left(y_{i},y_{j}\right)}{f_{Y_{j}}\left(y_{j}\right)}\quad Here,\; Y_{M}\leq Y_{i}\leq Y_{j}\leq Y_{1}\;\; are\; Order\; Statistics.\\
 & = & \frac{\left(j-1\right)!}{\left(i-1\right)!\left(j-i-1\right)!}\left\{ \frac{F\left(y_{i}\right)}{F\left(y_{j}\right)}\right\} ^{i-1}\left[\frac{F\left(y_{j}\right)-F\left(y_{i}\right)}{F\left(y_{j}\right)}\right]^{j-i-1}\left.\left(\frac{f\left(y_{i}\right)}{F\left(y_{j}\right)}\right)\right]
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
g\left(y\mid x\right)=\begin{cases}
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{y}{x}\right]^{2\left(M-2\right)}\left(\frac{2y}{x^{2}}\right) & 0\leq y,x<1\\
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{\left(2y-1-\frac{y^{2}}{2}\right)}{\left(2x-1-\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}\right]^{M-2}\left\{ \frac{2-y}{\left(2x-1-\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)}\right\}  & 1\leq y,x\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left[\vphantom{\frac{f_{Y_{i},Y_{j}}\left(y_{i},y_{j}\right)}{f_{Y_{j}}\left(y_{j}\right)}}\because\; G_{Y_{i}}\left(y_{i}\mid Y_{j}=y_{j}\right)\right. & \approx & \frac{\int_{-\infty}^{y_{i}}f_{Y_{i},Y_{j}}\left(u,y_{j}\right)du}{f_{Y_{j}}\left(y_{j}\right)}\quad\\
 & = & \frac{\left(j-1\right)!}{\left(i-1\right)!\left(j-i-1\right)!}\\
 &  & \left[\frac{\int_{-\infty}^{y_{i}}\left(F\left(u\right)\right)^{i-1}\left(1-F\left(y_{j}\right)\right)^{M-j}\left(F\left(y_{j}\right)-F\left(u\right)\right)^{j-i-1}f\left(u\right)f\left(y_{j}\right)du}{\left(F\left(y_{j}\right)\right)^{j-1}\left(1-F\left(y_{j}\right)\right)^{M-j}f\left(y_{j}\right)}\right]
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
G\left(y\mid x\right)=\begin{cases}
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{\int_{0}^{y}\left(\frac{u^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-2}uxdu}{\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-1}x}\right] & 0\leq y,x<1\\
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{\int_{1}^{y}\left(2u-1-\frac{u^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-2}\left(2-u\right)\left(2-x\right)du}{\left(2x-1-\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-1}\left(2-x\right)}\right] & 1\leq y,x\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
G\left(y\mid x\right)=\begin{cases}
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{2\int_{0}^{y}u^{2M-3}du}{x^{2M-2}}\right] & 0\leq y,x<1\\
\left(M-1\right)\left[\frac{\int_{1}^{y}\left(2u-1-\frac{u^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-2}\left(2-u\right)du}{\left(2x-1-\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-1}}\right] & 1\leq y,x\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
G\left(y\mid x\right)=\begin{cases}
\left[\frac{y^{2M-2}}{x^{2M-2}}\right] & 0\leq y,x<1\\
\left[\frac{\left(2y-1-\frac{y^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-1}}{\left(2x-1-\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)^{M-1}}\right] & 1\leq y,x\leq2
\end{cases}
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left[\because\; H\left(x\right)=\int_{a}^{x}h\left(t\right)dt\;;\; H'\left(x\right)=h\left(x\right)\right]
\end{eqnarray*}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kate Moss strips off in the fifth issue of French men's magazine Lui, to the delight of its readers.
It is for the release of the fifth issue of the magazine, relaunched by Jean-Yves Le Fur and directed by Frédéric Beigbeder, that the top Kate Moss agreed to pose completely naked, with her back to the camera. The photo was taken by the very famous Terry Richardson. In the image that makes the cover of the magazine you can see her nice blond hair, her curves, her buttocks and her tattoos in the small of her back.
Kate Moss, 40 recently teamed up with fashion's bad boy Terry Richardson and came up with the following for France's Lui (He) magazine. Naturally it's tantalizing in the very spirit of what's made Terry Richardson famous, provocative, sleazy and promiscuous disguised as high art. Well maybe it is?


text:
Global Flatline est le septième album du groupe de Death metal Aborted. L'album a été enregistré durant l'été 2011 à l'Hansen Studio en Suède et sorti le . L'album a reçu de bonnes critiques, saluant le retour au style de l'époque "Goremageddon".

Musiciens

 Sven de Caluwé - Chant
 Eran Segal - Guitare
 Michael Wilson - Guitare
 JB Van Der Wal - Basse
 Ken Bedene - Batterie

Liste des morceaux

 Omega Mortis - (0:59)
 Global Flatline - (3;12)
 The Origin of Disease - (3:04)
 Coronary Reconstruction - (4:28)
 Fecal Forgery - (2:45)
 Of Scabs and Boils - (2:53)
 Vermicular, Obscene, Obese - (2:51)
 Expurgation Euphoria - (3:43)
 From a Tepid Whiff - (3:03)
 The Kallinger Theory - (3:43)
 Our Father, Who Art of Feces - (4:43)
 Grime - (4:43)
 Endstille - (4:43)
 Eructations Of Carnal Artistry - (Digipak Edition) (3:25)
 Nailed Through Her Cunt - (Digipak Edition) (4:11)

Album d'Aborted
Album musical sorti en 2012
Album publié par Century Media Records

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The signature Radisson Blu Experience Meetings concept brings all the meeting must-haves together: connectivity, service, refreshments, breakout rooms, sustainability and our 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. From your initial inquiry to the final delegate's departure, we ensure a smooth-running, productive event.
At the Radisson Blu Hotel, Istanbul Asia, we have staff specially trained for Meetings & Events. Our friendly and professional team is on hand to lend assistance from beginning to end.
The famous Radisson Blu Yes I Can!SM service philosophy fully extends to Meetings & Events. Our staff exemplifies a positive, accommodating attitude, and if you are not 100% satisfied, we welcome feedback so we can better serve you.
Join Club Carlson for Planners to earn gold points you can redeem for upgrades, dinners, hotel stays and more.


Ahhh, I can see how perceptive and switched on you are already. You noticed the date of this letter and unusually a time. You also noted in a flash, that the 28th March was a Bank Holiday Monday. Yes, that's right, Easter Monday, the end of an extended, glorious weekend of BBQ's, weather permitting; partying, if you've a mind and most of all spending fun days with the family. All in all, a weekend crammed full with fun and frivolity that most certainly requires said Bank Holiday Monday for a lie-in to recuperate, completely unwind and charge up the batteries for work next day.
However, your Astuteness, I have little doubt that you've also remembered that the night of 27th March, right through to the early part of the 28th was a storm (Storm Katie, bless her) in many parts of this wonderful Isle of ours and in particular, this part of the Isle. So very little sleep had here until around 5:00/6:00am when exhaustion overtook all other senses.
Having finally collapsed into a stupor and then entered into a glorious slumber, the likes of which Sleeping Beauty couldn't hold a candle to (too windy anyway), I suddenly found myself in the midst of a ravaging war. Seriously. There I was, tucked away in bed, looking forward (albeit well and truly subconsciously) to my well-deserved lie-in after driving back from Germany on Thursday, then driving again (208 miles) on Friday to attend a family BBQ, trudging around the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge (they have a special Egyptian exhibition on at the moment – thoroughly recommended) with wife and problematic teenager in tow, another drive (86 miles) to spend the day at my daughter and son-in-law's with a rather demanding, but never-the-less gorgeous granddaughter with 'terrible two's' syndrome and then the air raid siren went off, followed after an eternity by heavy artillery and Tiger tanks speeding in my direction.
Then I partly awoke, donned my WWII British Army issue helmet (it was actually a chamber pot, but in my defence I was in almost complete animated suspension due to circumstance), then peeked out of the window to make sure that the might of the Wehrmacht was not trying to pound the door down, to see one of your delivery trucks, having backed down the cul-de-sac1 (which explained the air raid sirens) and unleashed his hose into a Calor gas tank next door but one, he was merrily filling away. He then returned to his cab, drove forward a few metres and repeated the exercise next door, naturally with engine running throughout, then drove off a few minutes later. This was at 07:32, a full three minutes before I started to write this letter. I apologise for my tardiness, but I thought to myself, 'Hey! Make yourself a cuppa Kev, you might as well, 'cause you've absolutely no sodding chance of getting back to sleep after that bloody racket'2 . And so I did, after drying myself off from the content of aforementioned chamber pot.
Anyway, to the crux of my letter as I'm aware that I digressed a little. Just a question; how would you feel to be woken in such forced circumstances at seven something on a Bank Holiday Monday?
Kevin (not a happy Easter bunny) Borgers.


text:
Rajasthan 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Model Paper 2023, RBSE 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Question Paper 2023 Pdf Download
Rajasthan 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Question Paper 2023, Rajasthan 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Model Paper 2023, Rajasthan Board 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Importent Question Paper 2023, RSCERT 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Last Year Exam Question Paper 2023 Download
Rajasthan State Council of Educational Research & Training (RSCERT) Udaipur has Going to Conducted 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Public Exam 2023, RBSE Every Year Conducted 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Lass Final Exam in Month of March, This Exam Every Year Attended more than 10 laks of Students Attended, RBSE 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Date Sheet 2023 Available at Official Website at https://education.rajasthan.gov.in.
Students can Download the RSCERT 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Model Test Paper 2023 to Prepare for the Final Exam, old Year Exam Question paper will be Available on the our Website as Pdf Format, RSCERT will Upload Rajasthan 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Class Question Paper 2023 for Students upcoming Public Exam 2023, Students are Advised to go visit the official website Click on RSCERT 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Model paper 2023 for Languages Official Hindi, English, Rajasthani Link get Pdf Format.
Name of the State Rajasthan
Education Board Rajasthan State Council of Educational Research & Training, Udaipur
Name of the Class Primary School / 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
Name of the Course Hindi, English, Rajasthani, Mathematics, EVS etc,
Material RSCERT 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Question Paper 2023 Download
Official language Hindi, English, Rajasthani
Official Website https://education.rajasthan.gov.in/
Rajasthan Board 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Model Question Paper 2023 are Perfect for Effective Public Exam Preparation 2023, RSCERT will help High School Students Devise their Exam Preparations in an effective and organized Manner, We are Providing Latest RSCERT 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Important Question Paper 2023 of All major Subjects Available in PDF format which Students can easily Download from the Links provided below and use them for revision Purpose before the Annual board Examination 2023 Students Get the Latest Rajasthan Board 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Blueprint 2023 After Going Through the Latest Exam Pattern Students must Prepare Those Chapters First which are Allotted high weight age.
Rajasthan Board 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Question Paper 2023 All Subject is also Available here this Place. It will help you to Understand the Marking Scheme and Blueprint. RBSE 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Subject has been Allotted 100 marks which carry 80 marks for Theory Paper and 20 internal marks for Semester. Students can Download the RBSE 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th with Marking Scheme 2023 as Provided in this page below.
we have Provided the RBSE 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Previous Question Paper 2023 for All the Subjects. Students must Download These Rajasthan 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Question Paper 2023 Start Regular Practicing them at least one month before the RBSE 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Final Exam 2023. It will help them to Analyses the Blueprint, types of Important Questions asked in the Exam and weight age of Questions asked in Different Sections.
RBSE 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Model Paper 2023, Raj Board Primary School Question Paper 2023 Pdf Download
Rajasthan 3rd Class Model Paper 2023 Download
Class 3 Maths Download
Class 3 English Download
Class 3 Environmental Studies Download
Class 3 Hindi Download
Rajasthan 5th Class Model Paper 2023 Download
Rajasthan 6th & 7th Class Model Paper 2023 Download
6th Class All Model Paper 2023 Download
Class 8 Punjabi Download
Class 8 Sanskrit Download
Class 8 Science Download
Class 8 Sindhi Download
Class 8 Social Science Download
Class 8 Urdu Download
Class 9th Model Paper 2023 Download
Rajasthan Board 10th Model Question Paper 2023 Pdf (*Latest) Download
Hindi Download
Mathematics Download
Sanskrit Download
Science Download
Social Science Download
Panjabi Download
Rajasthan Board 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th Model Paper 2023 (*Latest) Download
RBSE 6th Class Model Paper 2023 Download
RBSE 10th Class Model Paper 2023 Download
Rajasthan 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th class Model Paper 2023, Rajasthan 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th class Question Paper 2023 Download
2nd class English Hindi Mathematics – –
3rd class English Hindi Mathematics EVS –
4th class English Hindi Mathematics EVS Computer
Rajasthan 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th Textbook 2023, RBSE 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th Books 2023 Pdf…
UPMSP 10th Question Paper 2023, UP High School Important Question Paper 2023 Pdf Download
Bihar 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th Question Paper 2023, SCERT Bihar 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th Important…
Telangana SSC Question Paper 2023, TS 10th Important Question 2023 Pdf Download


DARNHILL Boxing Club has had a knockout start to the season.
Heavyweight Martyn Grainger has been selected to box for a Greater Manchester Select in an all cities multi-national tournament in Chemintz , Germany. Grainger, aged 19, who has got to the ABA finals twice, flies out today for the four day trip.
Darnhill coach Mike Rosser believes the tournament is an ideal opportunity for his young protege. He said: "This will be good experience for Martyn. He missed most of last season with a broken hand but has trained hard over the last few weeks to get himself fit and ready for this event. I am confident he will do well."
Darnhill are looking forward to an excellent season for all their boxers after finishing last year with many more wins than losses. Dale Gaucus has shown lots of improvement and another boxer who has made great strides is Daniel Mickleburgh. He is tall and slim for his seven and a half stones and relies on an educated left hand together with good technique and footwork.
Lee Hopkinson is unbeaten in three contests and his brother Andrew will start boxing this season. Lee, aged 14, didn't get a contest last season because he is so light for his age at 5st 7lb, but it is hoped he will fill out this season and get into the ring.
Other junior boxers who are expected to do well are Stephen Connell, Patrick Hall and Kieron Fallon. Stephen only had one fight, winning in fine style. He is a good stylish boxer with a good technique. Kieron is quite experienced having won six out of 10 contests. He has just completed a boxing course at Hopwood Hall's Centre of Excellence.
Senior Jamie Dunn is much improved and looking for more contests in the coming season along with David Spencer, a rugged all-action boxer with a lot to offer. Heavyweight Matt Estep joined the club at the end of last season. He's a hard trainer with a fair share of natural ability.


All the 6 sizes and 2 colors are in stock. Please indicate the size and color clearly in your order, or we will ship by random.
Then,we will ship according to your requirement on color and size.
we will send the goods out within 3 days after your payment done.
So,Dear friends,please do not worry and buy safely! thanks!
1.We guarantee to ship outwithin 48 hoursafter payment confirmation (except Holiday).
EMS: 5-14days. DHL/UPS: 3-7days. HongKong or China post: 7-25days.
3. In order to ensure you receive you order tax free upon import, we will declare it as a 'GIFT' with a lower value. Any import charges or fees are the buyer's responsibility.
4. if you haven't received the item on the Delivery Time , Pleasecontact usby email if you have any questions ,normally, your mail will be replied within 24 Hours.
5.All products are gone throughstrict testbefore shipment. We ship to Alixpress's address ONLY. Please make sure your address in Alixpress is matched withyour shipping addressbefore you pay.
When make payment usingEscrow, your money is deposited securely in your account. Money is only released to us after you confirm delivery. Payment must be made within 3 days of order. If you can't checkout immediately after auction close, please wait for a few minutes and retry Payments must be completed within 3 days.
One year warrantyis provided. If you feel disappointed with the item, tell us within 7 days of delivery. Items must be returned in original condition for refund or exchange. Shipping cost incurred is on you. We understand the frustrations you might have, please contact us before opening any dispute or leaving any neutral/ negative feedback. We care about each buyer and will do our endeavor to fix any problem in a good business manner. Your satisfaction is always our NO.1 priority.
1.we located in Shenzhen, We have the unique geographical advantages and the prosperity of foreign trade. We offers a huge number of product business from all over the world.
2. you pay theFACTORY PRICE!
3. All emails will be answeredwithin 24 hours.
Please leave a message in the Trade Manager. If you do not receive our reply, please kindly re-sent your email and we will reply you as soon as possible . If you email us and don?t hear a reply, please email again through the Alibaba system as sometimes our mail servers have errors.


SCW's Procurement team have again been nominated for the GO Procurement Awards, this year in two separate categories.
GO Procurement Innovation of the Year Award – Taking the procurement function forward – NHS Health and Social Care.
GO Procurement Team of the Year Award – Health and Social Care Organisations.
Both of the short-listings relate to the work undertaken by SCW's procurement team on the Commercial & Procurement Hub for NHS England's ETTF project.
The awards celebrate the best in all aspects of public procurement and are highly regarded across public, private and third sectors, so being shortlisted in two categories is a major achievement. The winners will be announced at the UK National GO Awards presentation ceremony, which will take place at the Hilton Metropole in Birmingham on 30th April.
To find out more about our procurement services contact Faye Robinson, Director of Procurement.
SCW Presents at Digital Health Rewired 2019.


This entry was posted in Business News, Business Tips, Forex, Jobs and Career and tagged Forex, Forex Market, Forex Traders, No Tags on March 31, 2016 by administrator.
Want To Be At The Top Of The Ladder While Trading On Forex? Try This Advice!
This entry was posted in Business News, Business Tips, Forex, Jobs and Career and tagged Forex, Forex Market, Forex Tips, No Tags on March 1, 2016 by administrator.
There are many precise moves that you need to make when investing in real estate. A single substantial error can ruin everything for you, but don't cower in fear. This article can help to prevent these mistakes from occurring.
Do your research to find out what the local values are. This information will give you a better understanding of the neighborhood. Once you have a good understanding of the street level conditions, you can make wiser decisions.
Connect with other investors in real estate. People who have already done this have valuable insight to share with you. Knowing several friends who know about investing in real estate can help. Another resource when searching for informative people is the Internet. Sign up for some forums and start looking for area meetups.
This entry was posted in Business News, Business Tips, Jobs and Career and tagged No Tags, Real Estate Investing, Real Estate Investing Tips, Real Estate Investing Tricks on March 1, 2016 by administrator.


text:
— японский актёр и сэйю.

Фильмы
 «Сукияки-вестерн: Джанго» (Sukiyaki Western: Django), 2007
 The Wall Man, 2006
 «Мед и клевер» (Hachimitsu to Clover), 2006
 «Последний меч самурая» (Mibu Gishi Den / When the Last Sword Is Drawn), 2003
 Koko ni irukoto, 2001
 Harikomi, 2001
 «Подсолнух» (Himawari / Sunflower), 2000
 Kasei no Waga ya (2000)

Дорамы
 2013 — Ханзава Наоки / Hanzawa Naoki
 2012 — Орлы юриспруденции / Legal High — Камикаде Кенсуки
 2010 — ДЖОКЕР: Беспощадный детектив / JOKER Yurusarezaru Sosakan — Датэ Кадзуёси
 2007 — Секрет Ханадзоно / Himitsu no Hanazono — Катаока Ватару

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт


Joe Lods was apprehensive about Cardinal Hayes' matchup with St. Francis Prep. On paper, it's a mismatch. The Cardinals are loaded with Division I talent and had a much better record than the Terriers this year.
But Lods knows a thing or two about St. Francis. He's an alum of the school, where he played basketball on the lower levels and baseball. Tim Leary, SFP's Hall of Fame head man, is a confidante and mentor.
It was a close game until the end of the first quarter. But Hayes pulled away from there for a 67-42 win over St. Francis Prep in the CHSAA Class AA boys basketball second round Wednesday night at Christ the King HS in Middle Village. Hayes faces Bishop Loughlin in the quarterfinals 4:15 p.m. Sunday at Fordham University.
"I was worried about this game," Lods said.
Shavar Newkirk had 17 points, Naasir Williams had 15 points and Amadou Sidibe added 13 points for Hayes (23-4). Next up will be a Loughlin team loaded with sophomores, eight to be exact. Lods thinks Newkirk should be spoken about in the same breath as Lions stars Khadeen Carrington, Michael Williams and Elisha Boone.
Newkirk isn't necessarily into comparisons. He'll let it bear itself out on the court.
Lods was in attendance last week when Loughlin upset Christ the King in the CHSAA Brooklyn/Queens semifinals. He noted the Lions' intensity, especially when Carrington was fouled hard by CK's Jordan Fuchs as the whole team and coach Ed Gonzalez came to his aid. Gonzalez and Christ the King coach Joe Arbitello got into a verbal disagreement in the aftermath of the incident.
Brett Buser had 10 points and Gabe Gonzales added eight points for St. Francis Prep (9-18) on Tuesday night. Hayes and St. Francis have played one another in non-league games and scrimmages in Lods' tenure, but this is their first time playing in the postseason. Lods said it was an odd feeling against his alma mater.
"I was a screwed up kid, but St. Francis Prep took care of me," he said.


That transformation will propel you toward becoming the-best-version-of-yourself. Best of all, you will lead a life full of love. You will have discovered life's greatest lesson.
This book, and the parable Allen Hunt shares in it, will show you how to get the most out of your life—how to return to the grace of who you really are.
You learn things at funerals you would never learn anywhere else. That's because funerals bring clarity. And few people have a funeral like Mrs. Lavish Grace's. When her friends and family gathered at the funeral home and the church to celebrate her life, no one was more surprised by what happened than her grandson, ten- year-old Christopher Grace. On that unique funeral weekend, Christopher experienced things he never could have expected. He also discovered life's greatest lesson. This is his story.
I loved this book. Great message and engrossing story. I am buying copies for every member of my family and will certainly include it in our study group. Bless you Allen for this inspiring book!


text:
Short CutsChristopher Clark
Vol. 41 No. 18 · 26 September 2019
What would Bismarck do?
What would Otto von Bismarck, the chief architect of Germany's 19th-century unification, do in the situation currently faced by the British government? This apparently esoteric question is more pertinent than one might think, because 'what would Bismarck do?' is something that Dominic Cummings, political playmaker to Boris Johnson, who has been 'gaming' the current crisis all summer, has often asked himself. We know this because Cummings's sprawling and fantastically self-revealing blog (still live at the time of writing) is punctuated with thoughts about Bismarck. For Cummings, Bismarck is the sacred monster of tactical politics, the genius statesman whose political moves repeatedly surprised and wrong-footed friends and enemies alike, both at home and abroad. He may seem an improbable model for political strategising in the era of Twitter and Cambridge Analytica, but it is one of Cummings's core convictions that sources which may seem, as he puts it, 'very esoteric' can turn out to be 'extraordinarily practical', i.e. 'give you models for creating super-productive processes'.
What bearing might Bismarck's tactical bravado have on the current parliamentary imbroglio? The answer lies in the sequence of events that led to Bismarck's ascendancy in Prussian and later German politics. In 1860, the government in Berlin presented the Prussian Parliament with a military reform bill. The liberal deputies refused to support it. Wilhelm I dissolved Parliament and called elections, in the hope of producing a more pliable house. But the new chamber was even more resolutely liberal than the old. In the spring of 1862, this parliament, too, was dissolved, but the new elections of May 1862 merely confirmed the intractability of the standoff. More than 230 of the 325 deputies now belonged to liberal factions.
Prussian politics had reached a deadlock. There were some within leadership circles who favoured an all-out break with the constitution. One of these was the chief of the military cabinet, Edwin von Manteuffel, an army man who despised parliamentarians and liberal journalists (he was famous for having shot one in a duel) and who equated his relationship with the monarch with the fealty of a German tribesman to his chieftain. Others, such as the minister of war, Albrecht von Roon, chief architect of the proposed reforms, preferred to search for a compromise that would secure key aspects of the bill without destabilising the parliamentary order.
The man called in to resolve the crisis was Bismarck. At first he looked for a consensus: he pruned some of the more noxious aspects of the bill and met with liberal leaders to agree a compromise. He was well on the way to getting a modified version of the bill through the chamber when he realised that he was being outflanked on the right. Manteuffel and some reactionary associates were urging the king to shut down the compromise, on the grounds that it was unacceptable for mere parliamentarians to tamper with the military prerogatives of the crown.
It's what happened next that matters. Seeing immediately that the game had changed, Bismarck dropped the compromise and switched to a policy of open confrontation. The liberals were furious, but the king and the reactionaries were mollified. The military reforms were put in train and taxes were collected without parliamentary approval. Civil servants were informed that disobedience and involvement with the opposition would be punished with immediate dismissal and Parliament was goaded into ineffectual and self-undermining expressions of outrage.
The parallels are thought-provoking. Two governments in pursuit of important business are minded to push an 'incompetent' parliament aside, at least temporarily. The baiting of MPs and civil servants and the threatened recourse to prorogation and early elections are common themes. Bismarck invoked the theory of the 'constitutional gap', according to which the executive was entitled – and indeed obliged – to continue governing, even if Parliament refused to collaborate in supposedly crucial tasks. A broadly similar case has been made for the British government's current course by the prime minister. Both crises remind us how difficult it can be for parliaments to handle a hostile executive: large, unwieldy and committed to complex procedures, elected chambers can appear hopelessly slow-footed in stand-offs with politicians willing to break or bend the rules.
Most politicians in modern democracies prefer consensus to conflict. Bipartisan bridge-building is seen as a higher-order achievement in environments where partisan antagonisms can easily have a disruptive effect. Bismarck operated differently. He saw that the outrage and conflict stirred by provocative gestures were more clarifying and more enabling to the skilful politician than ostensible harmony. He resisted the temptation to resolve political conflicts and crises prematurely. It wasn't just a question of encouraging them in the first place (though he did that too), but of letting the resulting turmoil evolve to the point where plausible options began to surface. He operated outside the ideological prescriptions of any single interest. The result of these non-alignments was a remarkable freedom from ideological constraint, an ability to spring from one camp to the other, wrong-footing his opponents or exploiting the differences between them. He could do that in part because although he believed deeply in the Prussian monarchical state as an autonomous political actor, he was not a 'conservative'; he did not share the romantic corporate ideology of many of his aristocratic peers.
It is this ability to keep changing the game that fascinates Dominic Cummings who, as a non-member of the Conservative Party (and indeed of any party), enjoys a similar freedom from conventional constraints. Cummings has often returned to that transitional moment when Bismarck began breaking the rules. On the day the 'fateful telegram' arrived summoning Bismarck to the prime ministership of Prussia, Cummings wrote in a blog of 2014, 'a profound non-linearity hit world politics.' Non-linearity may be scary and even dangerous, but it is also creative and exciting, especially for Cummings, whose blogs fizz with amoral scenarios in which recondite branches of knowledge and counterfactual scenario-designs intertwine to produce unexpected 'hybrid solutions' rich in suggestions for the present. The advent of such thinking at the apex of politics is not a uniquely British phenomenon: in certain respects, Cummings resembles the sometime theatre director and senior Putin adviser Vladislav Surkov, composer of geeky dystopian fictions and prophet of 'non-linear warfare'.
'What would Bismarck do?' It can be instructive and fun to escape the tyranny of the moment by taking the 'long view' of our current predicaments. But when you trawl the past in search of timeless power plays, the differences in context are apt to be lost to view. The Prussian constitution and the Prussian Parliament were the fruit of the Revolutions of 1848. They had only existed for 11 years when Bismarck started tampering with them. Prussian political culture was built on a tense dualism between Parliament and a military monarchy jealous of its prerogatives and suspicious of any form of oversight. By contrast, the British Parliament is very old, very established and very confident. The dualism that once pitted Crown against Parliament has not existed in Britain since the end of the 18th century. These are some of the reasons the government's gambits fell flat last week.
This is not necessarily the end of the matter, of course, because the 2016 referendum has opened the door to a dualism of a different kind, between representative and direct forms of democracy, or as the current government likes to put it, between 'Parliament' and 'the people'. And playing public opinion off against elected assemblies was another of Bismarck's specialties.
Christopher Clark is Regius Professor of History at Cambridge. His books include The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914.
Still messing with our heads: Hitler in the Head
Why should we think about the Revolutions of 1848 now?
More by Christopher Clark


Over time, your bathroom can take a beating. The countertops can chip, bathtub discolor, and shower stain. However, just because these things have lost their lust, it doesn't mean you need to necessarily run out and get a new countertop, vanity, and bathtub. Although a new sink and countertop will rejuvenate your bathroom, you might not have the funds for a complete bathroom redo. In this case, you might want to consider bathroom refinishing.
Bathroom refinishing is recovering and resealing your bathtub and/or countertop. Basically your bathtub gets resealed and a new coat of paint. For example, if you have an out-dated pink or avocado-green bathtub that's on the verge of leaking, refinishing your tub allows you to reseal the entire tub (a.k.a. protect it against leaks) and change the color. White is the typical color bathroom refinishing companies and services offer; however there are companies that offer specialty colors. Regardless of the color you get, the end result is a sparkling new bathtub finish without having to fork out the money for a brand new tub. You can do the same for counter tops as well – allowing you to update the look of your bathroom without having to purchase new furnishings.
Is Bathroom Refinishing Better than a New Tub/Countertop?
Bathroom refinishing isn't for everyone. Although your tub and countertop may look brand new, they're still your old furnishings, which means the design and style are still the same. If you want to completely redo the look of your bathroom, it's probably best to get a new contemporary vanity, sink, and bathtub. Some bathroom refinishing companies advise against refinishing sinks. Sinks tend to get more use than other bathroom furnishings; therefore the refinishing doesn't last as long. So if your bathroom sink is getting old, it's probably time to replace it with a new one. However you tub and countertops are up for grab.
1) Do you like the shape and design your bathtub and countertops?
2) Do you like the layout of your bathroom?
3) Why do you want to upgrade your bathroom?
c. I'm renting the house/condo- if this is your reason, you can do either. Refinishing will seal and spruce up your current bathroom furnishings, but if they're out-dated, it might not be enough to attract renters.
Answering these three questions will help you decide whether or not bathroom refinishing is the way to go or if it's time for new contemporary bathroom furnishings.


text:
Q: Angular Default Value I have 2 questions.

*

*I would like to set the default value of a dropdown to the first item in the array.

*Once the item defaults to the first item in the array, I want to fire the (change) even to set the value of the second dropdown.

Problem:
Even if I remove the first option from the select, it still inserts a blank record. So, If I have A, B, C in my array and I loop through the array, the dropdown appears to have "" then the array. I would like A to be in the dropdown and then A be passed to the other dropdown from the change event.
I've tried having: selected disabled. That did not work. I can remove the first option but it still insert a blank value.
Angular Version: 11.2
Using Template forms.
Template:
<select name="agency" id="agency" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="query.agency" (change)="onAgencyChange()">
      <!-- I even removed the first option but then it just inserts a blank in the dropdown. -->
      <option  *ngIf="isTrueOrFalse" value=""  >Select Agency...</option>
      <option *ngFor="let agency of agencies; let i = index" [value]="agency.agencyCode" >{{agency.agencyCode}} - {{agency.agencyName}}</option>
</select>

Class:
query: any = {};
 isTrueOrFalse: boolean = false; //This will be set when retrieving data.

A: For first question you can set query variable like this in ngOnInit:
this.query.agency = this.agencies[0].agencyCode;

And for second question you can call onAgencyChange after setting default value. So it's better to define a function to set default value and then call change methods onAgencyChange:
onAgencyChange(value) {
    console.log('changed call', value);
  }

 setDefault(){
    this.query.agency = this.agencies[0].agencyCode;
    this.onAgencyChange(this.query.agency);
  }

 ngOnInit() {
    this.setDefault();
  }

And for remove part you can use filter or splice based on your requirement. But don't forgot after remove function to call setDefault methods:
  removeFirstItem(){
    if(this.agencies.length >= 2){
     this.agencies = this.agencies.splice(1,this.agencies.length - 1);
     this.setDefault();
    }
  }

Here is working sample I wrote for you:
https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-dropdown-wgzktv?file=app%2Fapp.component.ts


Why should executives prioritize workforce training?
The Conference Board CEO Challenge 2014 report, among other recent surveys, revealed that this year, corporate leadership will be placing a high priority on human capital – defined by The Conference Board as "how best to develop, engage, manage and retain talent.
The report collated the responses of more than 1,000 surveyed CEOs, presidents and chairmen from across the globe who were asked to name and rank the challenges they came up against in their positions. Leaders in Europe and Asia named human capital as their No. 1 problem, while their counterparts in North America and Latin America ranked it as the second most important issue they faced.
In a 2013 piece for BusinessNewsDaily's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights, Jason Silberman, Marketing Director at WalkMe, underscored the importance of training with regard to bolstering employee performance, increasing worker engagement levels, reducing turnover and enhancing overall morale across an organization.
Moreover, he continued, investing in training today increases quality and efficiency within the organization tomorrow, not to mention for weeks, months and even years to come. But despite all the benefits they have to offer, employee development and training programs are often among the first initiatives to fall by the wayside when members of the C-suite decide it's time to tighten their corporate belts or a new leader comes into the picture and wants to make his or her mark on the organization by shaking things up and reassigning portions of the budget.
"Part of the reason I believe that companies have an itchy trigger finger when deciding to target training programs is that the upper management often fails to see the directly practical value in it," opined Silberman.
Of course, ineffective employee education programs tend to generate few – if any – positive effects for companies. In these situations, it is understandable why executives might want to reduce funding for training initiatives or scrap them altogether, but these courses of action aren't the solution. Rather, senior management should take the time to look at what's working and what isn't, and optimize their efforts in line with their findings.
1) Be clear about what an initiative will entail and what is expected of the employees taking part in it. "Even before the training begins, knowing the overall objectives for everyone involved is the only way to ensure success," Silberman wrote.
2) Select a trainer who is creative, experienced, open-minded and well-prepared. However dynamic the syllabus itself, it will fall flat if delivered in a lackluster fashion. Similarly, even the most dry topics can be brought to life and made memorable with the right educator at the helm.
3) Assimilate training into the ongoing company culture, rather than framing educational efforts as having a definitive beginning and end. Even the most tenured professionals always have more to learn, so establishing employee development as an ever-present part of life at the organization is a must. The more acclimated that members of staff become to regular or continuous training, the less opposition there will be among the workforce.
4) Adhere to the "What's in it for me?" mentality when crafting curricula. Employees may begin to tune out if educational sessions are filled with material that doesn't pertain to their daily work lives. "A learner will be more attentive if he knows that the course delivers him information that can be used immediately," noted Silberman.
Provided they are able to roll out effective training programs that provide employees with relevant information in an interesting manner, executives will likely see significant returns as a result of their efforts. Educational initiatives often boost workers' loyalty to their employers, translating to higher engagement and retention. Staff with enhanced skill sets also often have a knock-on positive effect on customers to boot – a fact that becomes particularly relevant given that customer relationships were named as the second most pressing challenge by the executives who took part in The Conference Board CEO Challenge 2014.


text:
Former Blackhawk Tom Reid recalls bout with skin condition the 'gunk'
By Paul Skrbina
May 06, 2015 | 10:15 PM
| ST. PAUL, Minn.
A skin condition forced current Wild announcer Tom Reid to retire as an NHL player. Reid played for the Blackhawks and the Minnesota North Stars. (Bruce Kluckhohn, Getty Images)
Note: This article originally ran in the Chicago Tribune on May 6, 2015
Tom Reid isn't joking when he says he was allergic to his equipment.
The Wild's radio broadcaster, who played his first two NHL seasons with the Blackhawks before he was traded to the Minnesota North Stars, said the sport got under his skin — literally — and forced him to retire in 1978 after an 11-year career.
Reid's condition, referred to as "gunk," was not unheard of in hockey in the 1970s. Reid estimated at least 40 players retired because of it.
It took away a layer of skin from his neck to his waist and was caused, he said, by the combination of friction and sweat. He first noticed it during the 1974-75 season when a quarter-sized spot appeared on his left arm.
He remembers sleeping upright in a wooden chair because his skin would stick to his sheets. When he wrapped himself in towels, same result.
"I got relief by staying away from the rink," Reid said.
Reid visited a dermatologist and tried every ointment he could, to no avail. He said when he called the NHL Players Association to inform officials his doctors had told him it was a work-related injury and he should be eligible for compensation, they hung up on him.
"I didn't have the star power," he said. "So I was left hanging out to dry."
Reid said he didn't have a lot of money saved and was working summers running a recreational maintenance crew of 35 in his hometown of Fort Erie, Ontario.
"It was a very tough transition, but I have no regrets," Reid said.
A defenseman, Reid was not known as a goal-scorer — he had 17 in his career to go with 113 assists — but he did beat Hall of Fame goalie Ken Dryden on a penalty shot on Oct. 14, 1971 — the only penalty-shot goal Dryden gave up during his career. Reid's first career point was an assist on a Bobby Hull goal.
When Reid's voice isn't easing its way through the airwaves, he can be found two blocks from the Xcel Energy Center talking to patrons inside Tom Reid's Hockey City Pub.
"I didn't have any aspirations about playing in the National Hockey League," Reid said. "I thought, 'There's no way I'll be able to capture a spot in the league.'
Latest Blackhawks
Alex Nylander canceled a vacation to participate in Blackhawks development camp. GM Stan Bowman was impressed.
'We've done a lot': Jeremy Colliton eager to get going with a deeper — and more versatile — Blackhawks roster
If Dominik Kubalik makes the Blackhawks, he could open season in his native Czech Republic: 'That would be just amazing'
Blackhawks believe they added toughness and versatility in acquiring veteran forward Zack Smith from the Senators for Artem Anisimov
The Blackhawks' prospects are looking up with Adam Boqvist and Kirby Dach as part of their future
"I was fortunate to play for the Hawks. Coming from a town of 9,000 people to Chicago, it was a little bit different."
With his team down 3-0 to the Hawks, Reid had a bit of advice.
"The first thing they have to do is score some goals," he said with a laugh. "(The Wild) grind so hard, guys like (Zach) Parise, just to get a good shot on net. I look at the Blackhawks, they get the puck and bingo, it's in the net."
And that has been enough to get under the Wild's skin.
National Hockey League Players' Association


The security rooms LER Basic and LER Extend offer high-quality, system-tested solutions for the basic protection range. All Rittal security systems are system-tested. Benefit from multifunctional risk coverage (fire, water, burglary etc.) and compliance with the latest EN and DIN standards.
Rittal offers a complete range of IT and Data Centre Cooling Systems; CRAC, in line/ in row, chillers, condensers, pipe installations, water distribution cabinets and water heat exchangers. With Rittal IT Cooling infrastructure, we develop and implement high-efficiency climate control solutions on your behalf.


text:
February 18, 2018 February 18, 2018 readsleepknit12
The itsy bitsy spider freaks out a bunch of K's: Keeping Up With The Kardashians 14×16 "A Tangled Web"
Who: Just me
What: Keeping Up With The Kardashian's Season 14(!) Episode 16 "A Tangled Web"
Where: My apartment
When: Saturday February 17 2018 (aired Sunday February 12th)
Why: Well I've seen all the others so why stop now
We open at Kimye's house with Kim giving Scott a tour of her nursery-in-progress. He is very confused because he didn't know they were having a baby at all, let alone via gestational carrier. Kim thought she had told him. Well, um, surprise!
And I was like baby, baby, baby oooh. Credit: E!
I feel like I'm more familiar with Kris's foyer and kitchen than my own apartment. Scott popped over to ask if he could go to NY Fashion Week with her and also (jokingly) ask if he could move into her home since everyone else has (at the time of filming Kylie had moved back in and Kimye lived there for like three years while they were doing house renovations). Kris is confused at first but then is like yeah sure why not, come. Oh and she casually mentions that Kendall is getting an award from the Daily Front Row for Fashion Icon Of The Decade. How is that possible? Kendall is a whole 22 years-old so which decade exactly are we rewarding?
This look is fashion with a capital F. Credit: E!
Lunchtime at Chin Chin with Kim and Khloe. Kim went to a doctor's appointment with her gestational carrier (she refers to her the whole time as a "surrogate" which is the wrong terminology but whatever I'll roll with it) and people were taking photos. She's worried the information will leak, which it clearly will. Unprompted, Kim tells Khloe that her line to parents who are worried about having a third kid is "what would we do without our Khloe?" That is sweet but also probably not something that would be particularly soothing to an anxious parent.
Kim: You could have a Khloe! Sane person: Dear God please no.
But really, this show and family would be terrible without Khloe. Credit: E!
Back to Kris's. Kim calls asking if there's enough room to bring her stylist on the plane to NYC for fashion week. You know, she's just focused on the necessities. Kris tells her Scott wants to come and that he's trying to stay sober. Kim's like ugh and doesn't want to babysit him. Kris thinks this will be a good way to keep him busy and away from temptation. Or you know, he could stay home and hangout with his kids but sure a field trip to NYC to test the bounds of his sobriety is technically also an option. The real moral of this scene is that Kim is dying her hair blonde and it's going to take forever so she can't come to a meeting. I'm going to use this excuse for everything too.
*Internally screaming* Credit: E!
Hey Kourtney's house. Kim's mad that her sisters are not more blown away by her hair change, which took twelve hours. They're organizing the dealership of kids cars Kourtney has on her basketball court (Kourt! get it?) when they spy a spider! And it's ginormous so they all freak out, especially Kim who declares it her worst nightmare. In fairness, it's a giant tarantula and I would also not be okay with the situation.
Contemplating making this my bedroom wallpaper. Credit: E!
NYC! Scott doesn't want to go to the shows with Kim and Kris so I'm confused why he asked to come. Kris is worried that if he's not with her he'll act up so she's planning activities and meals. Like he's six. Who's at the door? It's designer Alexander Wang! I love his shoes with the cut out heel detail. Alexander, feel free to send me some.
Both men in this shot are reconsidering their decision to appear on the show. Credit: E!
Back at Kourtney's, she and Larsa Pippen (ex of Chicago Bulls fame Scotty) are at the pool discussing Larsa's golden nail color choice. They both agree it's a little stripper-ish so take heed nail art enthusiasts gold now = stripper. Look out there's another tarantula! Kourtney had pest control come and spray but clearly it didn't eliminate the problem. She calls the company to come back out, but it's mating season for tarantulas so they tell her it'll be extra hard to get rid of them. They run off screaming while on the phone with pest control, and I'm sure that sales tech really wanted to hear that noise.
Bums on the run. Credit: E!
Back to NYC and Kim is pissed that TMZ has broken the story that she is 1) having a third baby and 2) using a surrogate. Kris and Scott are having dinner and she tells him that nothing good ever happens after 10pm (hint hint Scott). Scott's like depends what you're doing (so, definitely not taking that hint then). I'm with Kris let's all stay in. Scott says he's been out every night but he's managed to stay sober and she's proud of him. I mean, sure why not.
Kim's fuming face brought to you by Botox. Credit: E!
Kanye calls Kim and she tells him that news of their surrogate broke and that not only is everyone writing her about it, they've also published the age, nationality, and voting preference of the woman. Kim gets her attorney on the phone because she wants to sue the shit out of everyone and is freaked out that they have more information about her surrogate than she does. She wants to know what to tell the surrogate and the lawyer advises basically what you'd expect: lay low and don't talk to anyone while he sends out a cease and desist.
Clearly important when selecting a gestational carrier. Who knows what the kid's getting through the placenta. Can't take any chances. Credit: E!
One of Kris's activities is to take Scott to go look at the Bergdorf Goodman's windows (celebrities, they're just like us!) before going in to shop. Scott buys a Celine bag for "her" (ooooh mystery! Come on Scott, we all know it's Sofia Richie) while Kris contemplates a Kimono.
Real talk: me too. Credit: E!
Back to Calabasas and Khloe is working on a puzzle. Maybe recommend that to Scott as an activity. Kourtney brings her kids over and they want Lucky Charms because Khloe's house has all the sugar options. She's such a mean mom (sarcasm) and says no because she's ordered them Sugarfish (which is a super fancy sushi restaurant) for dinner (just wanted to fit one more parenthetical into this sentence to prove I could). Kourtney tells Khloe they're going to be staying in her guest house for three weeks. Tells not asks, which is confusing for Khloe but she says sure. As if on cue, the kids go nuts and Khloe just looks overwhelmed and like she wished she didn't live only a block away. They have dinner and go outside to make s'mores. Kourtney leaves the wrapping on her chocolate and only notices mid bite. Lord help us. Khloe tells the kids a scary story about a spider that eats kids and Kourtney somehow takes away from this experience that she should go home and tough it out. Genius mind trick there Khloe.
In the Big Apple Kris, Kim, and Scott are at Kendall's award celebration in a hotel conference room. She just wants to use this opportunity to inspire people and I'm like literally so inspired so good job Kenny. She talked super fast through her speech and didn't thank her mother, which Kris was quick to point out. Kim is surprised at how good Scott's been in NYC and I am too. He's usually a walking disaster.
Concerned she doesn't realize that if she doesn't have something memorized it'll be horrible. Credit: E!
Kim is upset she has to do red carpet press because she doesn't want to confirm the pregnancy yet, but also doesn't want to deny that it's happening. She settles for the time-tested "we'll tell everyone what's going on when we're ready", which is totally fair.
Time for Alexander Wang's show and Kendall is walking in it. He made a bunch of headbands that look like the kind you wear on New Years Eve except these say "Wangover" on them. Fashion.
"Wangover" sounds like a promiscuous gay weekend. Credit: E!
Back at Kourtney's house post fashion week Kris and Scott are having a "talk" about his relationship with Sofia Richie. He's super uncomfortable and vague while Kris is trying to pry information from him, except she says his behavior makes it "like fishing for salmon". That is not an expression. Kris points out that Sofia's 19 and he's 34 and he fires back that she was with Robert Kardashian when she was 17 and underage so they were in the wrong not him. What an excellent deflection from the fact that that's still quite the age gap you've got going on Scott.
Please tell me more about your good choices. Credit: E!
Kris wants to be kept posted on the relationship and he's like what? We get a talking head of him saying he's just trying to be respectful of everyone involved, but I think he's just scared to show up with a teenager and look ridiculous. Scott, trust those instincts, they are correct.
Keep up with what? THE KARDASHIANS!? Credit:E!
Next time: Khloe and her best friend Malika are fighting, the family watches a video of Scott interviewing Kris, and Kendall has some sort of unidentified emergency. Can't wait.
Scott Disick
Previous We all fall down! Olympics edition
Next Time after time: Sister Wives "Polygamexicamist Wedding" 12×9 Part 1