text:
Image courtesy of [Leon Yaakov via Flickr]
Right-Wing Groups in Europe: A Rising Force?
By Michael Sliwinski | January 25, 2015
The violence in Paris several weeks ago united Europe as little else has in recent years. Plagued by economic decline, some of the more prosperous nations have voiced discontent with the state of the European Union. Partly leading this surge is a wave of far-right political movements. These nationalist movements are gaining traction from Berlin to Paris to London as people tire of stagnant economic growth and demands for bail outs.
Additionally in many of these countries, a dramatic demographic change is occurring in which traditional peoples and cultures are finding themselves increasingly co-habitating with people who have different beliefs and practices. Read on to learn about the political shift and rise of right-wing groups in Europe after years of economic concerns and changing demographics in the region.
The European Union, unsurprisingly, traces its roots to the aftermath of WWII. With the continent in ruins, several representatives from leading nations attempted to finally find some way to unify the region and put an end to the seemingly endless fighting that had just led to the most destructive war the world has ever known.
The process started with the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, which had six founding members: West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. These six nations agreed to unite their coal and steel production. The foundation was built up further with the Treaty of Rome in 1957, which created the European Economic Community (EEC). In 1967 the European Parliament was created and in 1979 it had its first direct elections.
The European Union itself was codified in 1993 through the Treaty of Maastricht. In 2002, the Euro replaced the currency of 12 of the 15 members of the organization. The Euro reached its highest value against the dollar in 2008; however, like much of the rest of the developed world, the EU was then rocked by the global economic crisis. Since this time, the EU has been attempting to fight off recession and recover, with the only real bright spot being the addition of its twenty-eighth member country Croatia in 2013. The video below gives a succinct explanation of the EU.
Economic Turmoil
In 2008 the global financial crisis hit the European Union and the results have been devastating both economically and with regard to the unity of the region.
The economic crisis has hit both rich and poor countries within the Eurozone alike. While many of the rich countries were not in need of bail outs, they still suffered from high debt. First, they had to bail out those troubled fellow EU members that were unable to pay off their high debts after the crisis hit. They also lost markets to sell goods as the cash-strapped nations to the south could not afford to buy as much of their products.
Furthermore, while some indicators of a healthy economy appear to show rich countries in the EU doing well, these can be misleading. In the case of Germany for example, unemployment sits at a very respectable five percent; however, economic growth is virtually flat. In the third quarter of 2014 the economy only grew 0.1 percent, which followed on the heels of a second quarter in which Germany's economy actually shrunk by 0.1 percent.
Germany is far from the only and certainly not the worst-off wealthy nation in the Eurozone either. France, the second largest economy in the EU, has an unemployment rate of over ten percent and grew only 0.3 percent during the third quarter of 2013. This miniscule growth, similar to that of Germany, also followed a second quarter contraction. Other cases include Spain, the number four economy, and Italy, the number three economy in the Eurozone, with unemployment rates of about 24 percent and 13 percent respectfully.
The Struggling
While the economic crisis certainly hit both wealthy and poor European nations, as is usually the case, the less robust economies ended up worse off. It begins of course with the bail outs. Ireland, Portugal, Greece, Spain, and Cyprus all had to accept large sums of money from other EU members to avoid default.
Furthermore, as a result of the bail outs, these countries and others struggling with the debt crisis have had to employ austerity measures; however, this strategy limits growth especially because creditors will be hesitant to lend money to struggling economies. This then creates a brutal cycle in which these countries have a difficult time paying off their debts because growth is low and unemployment will remain high. The video below gives a great explanation of the European Union's economic problems.
Changing Demographics
Coupled with a shaky economic situation are dramatic demographic changes in Europe. This change can be divided into three categories: fertility, age, and ethnicity. First Europe as a whole has a very low fertility rate. Fertility rate is basically the number of children a family can expect to have during its childbearing years. Replacement level, or the level of children being born needed to adequately replace the existing population, is 2.1 children. In 2012 the average fertility rate for countries within the European Union was 1.6 children–well below replacement levels.
Since fewer children are being born, the average populations of these countries are rapidly aging. In Poland for example, the percentage of people above the working age population, 15-64, is expected to increase from 20.9 percent in 2010 to 58 percent in 2050. A large aging population can be a double edged sword, as not only are older people more dependent on public services such as health care and pensions, but they are also less productive in the economy and save less, which affects investing.
Thus a lack of new labor and a society that increasingly needs it has led to mass migration in Europe. This migration can be broken down into two groups. First is the traditional type of immigration, specifically from countries outside the EU to countries inside of it. In 2012, for example, 1.7 million people migrated to the European Union. The other type of migration is within the European Union itself; this figure also was approximately 1.7 million for the year 2012. Both types of migration are headed in one specific direction–west. Western European nations, which not coincidentally have the best economies, are bearing the brunt of the mass movements. The top five destinations in order of descending immigrant arrivals were Germany, the UK, Italy, France, and Spain.
It's also important to note the origin of the people immigrating. Many are coming from Eastern Europe. A large portion of the incoming people and groups are also Muslim. While it cannot be reiterated enough that the vast majority of Muslim immigrants are in every way able adaptable to European life, there is tension in Europe over this influx. Current events, such as the fact that it has been estimated that currently as many as three thousand European-born Muslims have fought on behalf of ISIS or other extremist groups in the Middle East, haven't helped this tension.
While fear of these fighters returning home has far outstripped any actual problems, the recent shootings in Paris show what can occur when a marginalized group becomes incredibly radicalized. Unfortunately this image of radicalized Muslims plays perfectly into the hands of politicians and right-wing groups that have come to prominence at the expense of immigrant groups.
Europe has a long history of xenophobia. When it deals with mass immigration, the fear has turned into Islamaphobia. While western Europeans may not be particularly thrilled with eastern European immigrants, Muslims are being singled out in particular because of their different culture and the historical legacy of conflict between Christian and Muslim areas of Europe and the Middle East. This fear and Islamaphobia also extends to first and second generation Muslims as well, particularly in a time of economic uncertainty.
The Reemergence of the Right Wing
All these issues–economic problems, low fertility rates, and mass immigration–have led to a resurgence in the power and appeal of right-wing parties in Europe. More specifically, what has led to this rise is how economic problems are perceived as being compounded by immigration. For example, in the European Union the youth unemployment rate as a whole is 23 percent; in Greece it has been as high as 60 percent.
In a sadly ironic twist the backlash to this has usually been against immigrants who are perceived as stealing the few precious jobs that are available; however, immigration is necessary in the first place because the birth rates are so low. Additionally, immigrant populations have even higher unemployment rates than native youth.
As a result of these concerns, in recent elections several far-right parties including France's Front National, Greece's Golden Dawn, Hungary's Jobbik, and the United Kingdom's UKIP all won a surprising number of votes. Each of these parties display different combinations of outward anti-Semitism, anti-immigrant sentiments, and racism, or have been associated with such traits in the past. While this by no means represents a majority, it does indicate a disturbing trend for the European Union.
While it seems clear that far-right political movements are on the rise in Europe, the question turns to what exactly these groups want. Just like other political groups, especially across national lines, their interests vary. Overall, the focus seems to be anti-immigration, specifically based on a fear that immigrants will take away badly needed jobs from native residents. At the forefront of this movement is the Front National in France, which won the most seats in the European Parliament of any far right party.
The Front National can be characterized as one of the most moderate of the far-right parties coming to power. Its primary focus is on nationalism instead of more overtly far-right ideologies espoused by other groups such as Golden Dawn, Jobbik, and the accused neo-Nazi NPD group in Germany; however, Front National has its roots in exactly the same kinds of dogma that these groups maintain, namely anti-Semitism and racism. This is why the far right party in Britain, the UKIP, has refused to join with them. Thus the main connection these groups all seem to have is strong support for anti-immigration measures, which entails moving away from a united Europe and its open migration policies between nations. The video below provides further explanation of the rise of far-right parties and what they believe.
Current State of the Union
Europe appears to be in serious trouble. Its native population is dwindling because of low fertility rates and an aging population. The people migrating in to fill this void, while on the whole younger, also bring different cultures and mindsets. All this has led to a wave of right-wing parties that are in favor of closing borders, ousting immigrants, and breaking away from the ailing European Union.
Europe's economy, while growing slightly, is still badly damaged and will likely take years just to return to pre-recession levels. Additionally, fertility rates in Europe show no signs of increasing for the most part, at least in native-born citizens. Without more people to assist the aging population, immigration is also likely to continue. This immigration is also likely to continue from Eastern Europe and nations with different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, which often include large numbers of Muslims.
In the future, however, it seems possible that significant changes could come to the union. First it is possible that the UK leaves the EU. Prime Minister David Cameron has already been cornered into a vote on whether or not to stay in the union. While a vote certainly doesn't mean anything for certain, the mere fact that it is being forced upon him does. If the UK does leave it could have additional shockwaves on other nations such as France and Germany and may also lower confidence in the EU's future.
A lot rides on France and Germany. They both have already invested a lot in the European Union and reaped rewards from it, so it might be a stretch for them to leave; however, calls for potential European bank reforms to mimic what they have done nationally shows not only how they view their own importance in Europe, but also is a test of how the other members view them as well.
Far right parties are becoming increasingly popular and powerful in Europe. This has been the result of a number of factors; notably the Eurozone economic crisis, low fertility rates, an aging population, and a large influx in immigrants. Furthermore, every indication shows that these mechanisms are only likely to keep moving down this path and not reverse course. Therefore, while it is too early to give up on the grand experiment of a United States of Europe, serious reforms are needed if the experiment is to work. Reform is also necessary if European leaders hope to quell the rising influence of far-right parties and their supporters.
World Bank: Learning About the Unknown: The Economic Impacts of Aging in Europe and Central Asia
European Commission: 2014 Autumn Economic Forecast; Slow Recovery With Very Low Inflation
European Commission: Eurostat; Migration and Migrant Population Statistics
NPR: A Brief History of the EU
Forbes: Suddenly the EU's Break-Up Has Moved From a Long Shot to a Probability
The New York Times: Study on Wealth Fuels Euro Crisis Debate in Germany
Statista: Unemployment Rate in Member States of the European Union
Eurostat: Total Fertility Rates
Vienna Institutefor International Economic Studies: Effects of Euro Crisis on Europe's Periphery
Telegraph: Muslim Europe; The Demographic Time Bomb Transforming Our Continent
CNN: From Antwerp to Aleppo–and Back; Europe's Nightmare
Guardian: Eurozone Growth Figures; Germany Narrowly Avoids Triple-Dip Recession
New Geography: Will Europe Hit a Demographic Turning Point?
Huffington Post: Sudden Rise of Far-Right Groups in EU Parliament Rings Alarm Bells Across Europe
USA Today: Immigration Backlah is on the Rise in Europe
Michael Sliwinski
Michael Sliwinski (@MoneyMike4289) is a 2011 graduate of Ohio University in Athens with a Bachelor's in History, as well as a 2014 graduate of the University of Georgia with a Master's in International Policy. In his free time he enjoys writing, reading, and outdoor activites, particularly basketball. Contact Michael at staff@LawStreetMedia.com.
Related ItemsBailoutsConservativeCyprusDavid CameronEastern EuropeEconomic CrisisEnglandEuropean ParliamentEuropean PoliticsEuropean UnionFranceFront NationalGermanyGolden DawnImmigrationIrelandIslamItalyMarine Le PenMuslimNational FrontPolandRight WingSpainUKWestern EuropeXenophobia
RantCrush Top 5: August 15, 2017


text:
Q: How can I set class properties when the values are specified as an array? For my object constructor, my first argument is an array of values that corresponds to the length of my class' properties. I want to iterate over that input array and initialize each property with the respective value in the array.
function obj = Waveform(required, options, varargin)
            objProperties = reshape(properties(obj), [1, size(properties(obj))]);

            for index = 1:size(required, 2)
                set(obj, objProperties(:, index), required(:, index));
            end
end

I know that loop works but I do not know how or if it is possible to initialize in the above manner.
In its current state, the program returns the following error: Cannot find 'set' method for Waveform class.

A: If your class doesn't have a set method implemented, you can't use set(obj, ...) to achieve this. You will only have set/get methods by default if your class derives/inherits from a built-in class that implements them.
If you don't want to inherit from one of these classes or implement set/get methods yourself, you can use dynamic field referencing to achieve this. Here's an example class:
classdef Waveform

  properties
    a
    b
    c
  end

  methods
    function obj = Waveform(required)
      objProperties = properties(obj);
      for index = 1:numel(required)
        obj.(objProperties{index}) = required(index);
      end
    end
  end

end

And you can create new objects as follows:
>> obj = Waveform([1 2 3])

obj =

  Waveform with properties:

    a: 1
    b: 2
    c: 3

>> obj = Waveform([1 2])  % Only pass 2 values...

obj =

  Waveform with properties:

    a: 1
    b: 2
    c: []  % ...and the third property is not initialized

However, this seems like a very fragile approach that would be difficult to maintain and could easily break if you ever modify your class by adding or removing properties. I would suggest passing property values to your constructor as separate arguments, or possibly making use of input validation methods.

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text:
package uristqwerty.gui_craftguide.theme.reader;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;

import uristqwerty.gui_craftguide.Color;
import uristqwerty.gui_craftguide.editor.TextureMeta.Unit;
import uristqwerty.gui_craftguide.editor.TextureMeta.WithUnits;
import uristqwerty.gui_craftguide.theme.Theme;

public class ColorTemplate implements ValueTemplate
{
	public int red = 255, green = 255, blue = 255, alpha = 255;
	private final WithUnits units;

	public ColorTemplate(WithUnits units)
	{
		this.units = units;
	}

	@Override
	public void startElement(Theme theme, String name, Attributes attributes)
	{
		for(int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++)
		{
			if(attributes.getLocalName(i).equalsIgnoreCase("red"))
			{
				red = num(attributes.getValue(i));
			}
			else if(attributes.getLocalName(i).equalsIgnoreCase("green"))
			{
				green = num(attributes.getValue(i));
			}
			else if(attributes.getLocalName(i).equalsIgnoreCase("blue"))
			{
				blue = num(attributes.getValue(i));
			}
			else if(attributes.getLocalName(i).equalsIgnoreCase("alpha"))
			{
				alpha = num(attributes.getValue(i));
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void characters(Theme theme, char[] chars, int start, int length)
	{
	}

	@Override
	public ElementHandler getSubElement(String name, Attributes attributes)
	{
		return NullElement.instance;
	}

	@Override
	public void endElement(Theme theme, String name)
	{
	}

	@Override
	public void endSubElement(Theme theme, ElementHandler handler, String name)
	{
	}

	private int num(String str)
	{
		double multiplier = 1;
		if(units != null)
		{
			String lower = str.toLowerCase();
			int longestMatch = 0;
			for(Unit u: units.value())
			{
				for(String unitName: u.names())
				{
					if(lower.endsWith(unitName.toLowerCase()) && unitName.length() > longestMatch)
					{
						multiplier = u.multiplier();
						longestMatch = unitName.length();
					}
				}
			}
			if(longestMatch > 0)
			{
				str = str.substring(0, str.length() - longestMatch).trim();
			}
		}
		try
		{
			return (int)(Double.parseDouble(str) * multiplier);
		}
		catch(NumberFormatException e)
		{
			return 0;
		}
	}

	@Override
	public Class<?> valueType()
	{
		return Color.class;
	}

	@Override
	public Object getValue()
	{
		return new Color(red, green, blue, alpha);
	}
}

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text:
Résultats détaillés de l'édition 1923 du championnat de tennis d'Australasie qui se dispute du 26 au .

Palmarès

Simple messieurs

Double messieurs

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Palmarès du simple dames des Internationaux d'Australie
 Palmarès du simple messieurs des Internationaux d'Australie
 Palmarès du double dames des Internationaux d'Australie
 Palmarès du double messieurs des Internationaux d'Australie
 Palmarès du double mixte des Internationaux d'Australie

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1921 en Australie

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text:
UPS Executive Sunny Nastase speaking with students at the women and suppy chain symposium
A woman's view of the work world
Symposium provides students with unique opportunity to hear insights of female supply chain management executives
Wed, March 29, 2017
Rutgers Business School-Newark welcomed executives Helen Davis and Sunny Nastase on March 29 at the second annual Women and Supply Chain Symposium.
Nastase, vice president of UPS global customer solution group, and Davis, vice president of supply chain at Coca Cola, gave students insight and advice about careers in supply chain. Both women spoke about what they have learned during their careers, including balancing work and life and overcoming the challenges of working in a male-dominated industry.
Nastase made some important points about how women should be confident and make their presence known. "Women need to own the room," she said. "Don't wait for someone to give you permission to speak or for someone to take control over the situation."
Nastase also stressed that work-life balance is important. She urged young women to be 100 percent all in their work at work and all in at home at home with their family. "No one is bullet-proof," she said, "everyone will go through ups and downs in their lives."
Like Nastase, Davis offered advice for how women can grow in your career. She began working at Coca Cola 20 years ago in the Minute Maid subsidiary and worked her way up. Her job allowed her to travel and work in different countries in the Middle East and Europe. All of those experience helped her throughout her career.
"Don't forget that you will learn from everyone, no matter if it was a good or bad experience," she said.
-Vita Viran
Prudential-Rutgers Connection 10th annual event "Doing Our Part Together"
Alumni share career advice at Rutgers-Newark scholars workshop
Tue, November 24, 2020
Gebrüder Weiss USA creates scholarship to encourage diverse talent in logistics
Fri, November 13, 2020

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text:
У Коростенському районі Житомирської області на обліку перебуває 145 пам'яток історії.

Коростенський район
Коростенського району


Posted September 30, 2010, 11:47 AM.
Unstable subtropical moisture circulating in the area since Wednesday led to sprinkles, showers and brief downpours in the inland valleys Thursday.
At the noon hour, WeatherCurrents stations in Hemet (0.04"), De Luz (0.01"), Menifee (0.03"), Murrieta (0.01") and Wildomar (0.01") had tallied measurable rainfall. Light rain had also fallen in Temecula and Moreno Valley, according to reports, but not quite enough yet to register.
Unlike the summertime monsoonal moisture, usually confined to the mountains and deserts but sometimes straying west, the chance of rain for Thursday and Friday covers most of Southern California. The cause is a low pressure system to the south, which is pulling the moisture up into the region.
The thunderstorms replaced blistering heat recorded over the weekend and Monday, which had sent temperatures soaring to near or over 110°F in many inland locations.
The chance of showers and thunderstorms was set to end Friday evening, but partly cloudy skies were expected to remain through Saturday.


text:
Mom Gets Life for Killing "Adam" & "Eve" Twins
By Kelly Bayliss	• Published January 7, 2014
A Philadelphia mother has been convicted of third-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison in the death of her 1-year-old twins in Tacony in 2012.
Prosecutors alleged that 42-year-old Stacey Newkirk poisoned Adam and Eve in a rage in May 2012 after finding out that her husband was having an affair.
The Philadelphia Inquirer reports that prosecutors said at Monday's bench trial that Newkirk left notes detailing the crimes near the children's bodies and told police she gave the infants sleeping pills and then drowned one and smothered the other.
"I hope this makes you feel 1/1,000th of the pain I feel," read a note addressed to Newkirk's husband, prosecutor Peter Lim said.
Breaking news and the stories that matter to your neighborhood.
Philadelphia 1 hour ago
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Defense attorneys who said their client was "extraordinarily remorseful" didn't contest the evidence but sought a conviction of third-degree rather than first-degree murder.
Newkirk, who cried quietly after she was sentenced, was acquitted of trying to kill her 4-year-old daughter.


text:
Spinal guidelines in steroids cord injury
Home » Middelburg » Steroids in spinal cord injury guidelines
Middelburg - Steroids In Spinal Cord Injury Guidelines
Posted on 09.06.2019	in Middelburg
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Declining Rates of High-Dose Steroid Use for Acute Spinal
Steroids in Acute Spinal Cord Injury All But Gone Within. Jan 24, 2016 · Published in 2013, the joint CNS/AANS Guidelines for the first time discourage the use of steroids for traumatic spinal cord injury. This comes after a thorough review of existing evidence and a critical re-examination of the NASCIS-studies previously interpreted as favouring steroid use., The National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS) conducted a trial comparing high and low dose MP. The results of this study suggested that patients who received high dose MP had no neurological improvement but significant increases in medical complications compared to ….
Methylprednisolone in the management of spinal cord
Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury not a. Mar 14, 2016 · Published in 2013, the joint CNS/AANS Guidelines for the first time discourage the use of steroids for traumatic spinal cord injury. This comes after a thorough review of existing evidence and a critical re-examination of the NASCIS-studies previously interpreted as favouring steroid use., steroids are associated with harmful side effects including death". In an effort to come to some cohesive position on the use of steroids, the AANS and CNS formulated this conclusion on the use \൯f steroids in their guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord ….
steroid • practice guideline • spinal cord injury trial I 1 Abbreviations used in this paper: ASIA = American Spinal Cord Injury Association; FIM = Functional Independence Measure; MP = methylprednisolone; NASCIS = National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study; SCI = spinal cord injury. * See the Letter to the Editor and the Response in this issue in Sep 01, 2017 · / A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury : Recommendations on the Use of Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate. In: Global Spine Journal . 2017 ; Vol. 7, No. 3_supplement. pp. 203S-211S.
Jan 06, 1984В В· A multicenter double-blind randomized trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of a high dose of methylprednisolone (1,000-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) compared with a standard dose (100-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) in 330 patients with acute spinal cord injury. Steroids for Spinal Cord Injury. Following this review, members of the trauma-list are signing a letter to present to the American College of Surgeons ATLS subcommittee asking them to revise the ATLS position on the use of steroids in spinal cord injury.
Background: Acute spinal cord injury is a devastating condition typically affecting young people with a preponderance being male. Steroid treatment in the early hours of the injury is aimed at In 2013, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) released guidelines recommending that methylprednisolone not be used in the first 24 to 48 hours after acute spinal cord injury given the lack of evidence supporting the benefit of this practice and strong evidence showing that use of high-dose steroids in this setting is associated with harmful …
Nov 30, 2003 · The suggested use of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury is another example of rushing to judgment by members of the medical and EMS communities. "In the acute setting for spinal cord injury, what is most important is to immobilize the patient, get blood pressure up if it's marginal or low, and proceed rapidly through evaluation and triage in order to get the patient prompt medical attention at a facility best able to manage these injuries. You don't need to stop and give them steroids."
Feb 11, 2018В В· To continue the line of a previous publication using steroid for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) by spine surgeons from Latin America (LA) and assess the current status of methylprednisolone (MP) prescription in Europe (EU), Asia Pacific (AP), North America (NA), and Middle East (ME) to determine targets for educational activities suitable for each region. Aug 24, 2015В В· Exclusion criteria were: Age <13, pregnancy, addiction to narcotics, high-risk for steroid morbidity (e.g., concurrent infection or GI bleeding), patients who suffered isolated radiculopathy or cauda equina injury, patient with life-threatening comorbidities or who suffered injury more than 12 h prior to presentation, and patients who received steroid administration prior to presentation.
Acute spinal cord injury is a devastating condition typically affecting young people, mostly males. Steroid treatment in the early hours after the injury is aimed at reducing the extent of permanent paralysis during the rest of the patient's life. Objectives To review randomized trials of steroids for acute spinal cord injury. Search strategy Oct 20, 2019 · New CNS/AANS Guidelines Discourage Steroids in Spinal Injury. The new recommendation is among 112 evidence-based recommendations contained in an updated document on the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries, released by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS).
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event often leading to poor neurologic outcomes. One of the most widely practiced treatments has been the administration of methylprednisolone. However, today its use has been called into question over concerns of efficacy and safety. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury:Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1405-11. ↑ Anderson P. New CNS/AANS Guidelines Discourage Steroids in Spinal Injury…
The National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS) conducted a trial comparing high and low dose MP. The results of this study suggested that patients who received high dose MP had no neurological improvement but significant increases in medical complications compared to … Jan 24, 2016 · Published in 2013, the joint CNS/AANS Guidelines for the first time discourage the use of steroids for traumatic spinal cord injury. This comes after a thorough review of existing evidence and a critical re-examination of the NASCIS-studies previously interpreted as favouring steroid use.
Nov 30, 2003В В· The suggested use of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury is another example of rushing to judgment by members of the medical and EMS communities. Establishment of clinical guidelines grounded in evidenced-based medicine has become a major focus for national and international health care organizations around the world. It is of no surprise then that the role of steroid administration in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) has become subject to
Establishment of clinical guidelines grounded in evidenced-based medicine has become a major focus for national and international health care organizations around the world. It is of no surprise then that the role of steroid administration in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) has become subject to The authors of the important 2013 AANS/CNS Joint Guidelines for the Management of Acute Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries 21 for the first time in history formulated a level I recommendation stating that the administration of MP for treatment of acute spinal cord injury SCI is not recommended. Moreover, evidence for class I, II, and III
Nov 30, 2003В В· The suggested use of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury is another example of rushing to judgment by members of the medical and EMS communities. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event often leading to poor neurologic outcomes. One of the most widely practiced treatments has been the administration of methylprednisolone. However, today its use has been called into question over concerns of efficacy and safety.
Establishment of clinical guidelines grounded in evidenced-based medicine has become a major focus for national and international health care organizations around the world. It is of no surprise then that the role of steroid administration in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) has become subject to Nov 01, 2014В В· title = "The current role of steroids in acute spinal cord injury", abstract = "Methods This review presents the pathophysiology of ASCI and the laboratory and clinical findings on the use of MP.Results The use of MP remains a contentious issue in part because of the catastrophic nature of ASCI, the paucity of treatment options, and the legal
Steroids for Spinal Cord Injury. Following this review, members of the trauma-list are signing a letter to present to the American College of Surgeons ATLS subcommittee asking them to revise the ATLS position on the use of steroids in spinal cord injury. Early versus delayed decompression for traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: results of the Surgical Timing in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (STASCIS). PLoS One 2012; 7:e32037. Fehlings MG, Rabin D, Sears W, et al. Current practice in the timing of surgical intervention in spinal cord injury.
Oct 01, 2019В В· In a comprehensive review of published literature and meta-analysis of clinical trials of acute spinal cord injury treatment with high-dose steroids within eight hours of onset, the authors concluded that there is no benefit regarding neurological recovery and function and an increased risk of adverse side effects from gastrointestinal bleeding. Background: Acute spinal cord injury is a devastating condition typically affecting young people with a preponderance being male. Steroid treatment in the early hours of the injury is aimed at
Feb 11, 2018В В· To continue the line of a previous publication using steroid for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) by spine surgeons from Latin America (LA) and assess the current status of methylprednisolone (MP) prescription in Europe (EU), Asia Pacific (AP), North America (NA), and Middle East (ME) to determine targets for educational activities suitable for each region. Sep 01, 2017В В· / A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury : Recommendations on the Use of Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate. In: Global Spine Journal . 2017 ; Vol. 7, No. 3_supplement. pp. 203S-211S.
Early Acute Management in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health-Care 2008; Paralyzed Veterans of America. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. Position statement: Steroids in acute spinal cord injury. Sep 01, 2017В В· / A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury : Recommendations on the Use of Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate. In: Global Spine Journal . 2017 ; Vol. 7, No. 3_supplement. pp. 203S-211S.
Jan 06, 1984В В· A multicenter double-blind randomized trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of a high dose of methylprednisolone (1,000-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) compared with a standard dose (100-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) in 330 patients with acute spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event often leading to poor neurologic outcomes. One of the most widely practiced treatments has been the administration of methylprednisolone. However, today its use has been called into question over concerns of efficacy and safety.
Nov 01, 2018 · Nevertheless, the administration of high-dose steroids within 8 hours of injury for all patients with acute spinal cord injury is practiced by most … Oct 01, 2019 · In a comprehensive review of published literature and meta-analysis of clinical trials of acute spinal cord injury treatment with high-dose steroids within eight hours of onset, the authors concluded that there is no benefit regarding neurological recovery and function and an increased risk of adverse side effects from gastrointestinal bleeding.
Steroids for Spinal Cord Injury Spine Trauma Trauma.Org
The Evidence is Against the Use of Steroids for Acute. As the timeline of secondary spinal cord injury progresses, so do additional mechanisms of abnormal cell signaling, ischemia and edema: Changes in the intracellular conditions of the injured spinal cord parenchyma upregulate neuroinflammatory cascades and increase immune cell recruitment to the area of injury., steroids are associated with harmful side effects including death". In an effort to come to some cohesive position on the use of steroids, the AANS and CNS formulated this conclusion on the use \൯f steroids in their guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord ….
New CNS/AANS Guidelines Discourage Steroids in Spinal Injury
The latest on steroids and spinal cord injury VetBloom blog. Background: Acute spinal cord injury is a devastating condition typically affecting young people with a preponderance being male. Steroid treatment in the early hours of the injury is aimed at https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelitis Dec 06, 2016В В· One of the most common causes of spinal cord injury in dogs is intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). Spinal cord injury in these cases results from a combination of compression and contusion. Surgical decompression effectively relieves one component of the injury, but medical management of the contusive injury remains an issue..
Background: Acute spinal cord injury is a devastating condition typically affecting young people with a preponderance being male. Steroid treatment in the early hours of the injury is aimed at Steroids for acute spinal cord injury. Every year, about 40 million people worldwide suffer a spinal cord injury. Most of them are young men. The results are often devastating. Various drugs have been given to patients in attempts to reduce the extent of permanent paralysis.
recommended for at least the first 72 hours following injury to a maximum of 7 days. Goal MAP ≥ 85 mmHg for blunt / incomplete penetrating injury Goal MAP ≥ 65 mmHg for complete penetrating injury Early neurosurgical decompression of acute spinal cord compression (< 72 hours) is recommended. As the timeline of secondary spinal cord injury progresses, so do additional mechanisms of abnormal cell signaling, ischemia and edema: Changes in the intracellular conditions of the injured spinal cord parenchyma upregulate neuroinflammatory cascades and increase immune cell recruitment to the area of injury.
Establishment of clinical guidelines grounded in evidenced-based medicine has become a major focus for national and international health care organizations around the world. It is of no surprise then that the role of steroid administration in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) has become subject to Steroids for Spinal Cord Injury. Following this review, members of the trauma-list are signing a letter to present to the American College of Surgeons ATLS subcommittee asking them to revise the ATLS position on the use of steroids in spinal cord injury.
Aug 24, 2015В В· Exclusion criteria were: Age <13, pregnancy, addiction to narcotics, high-risk for steroid morbidity (e.g., concurrent infection or GI bleeding), patients who suffered isolated radiculopathy or cauda equina injury, patient with life-threatening comorbidities or who suffered injury more than 12 h prior to presentation, and patients who received steroid administration prior to presentation. Jan 06, 1984В В· A multicenter double-blind randomized trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of a high dose of methylprednisolone (1,000-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) compared with a standard dose (100-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) in 330 patients with acute spinal cord injury.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event often leading to poor neurologic outcomes. One of the most widely practiced treatments has been the administration of methylprednisolone. However, today its use has been called into question over concerns of efficacy and safety. Early Acute Management in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health-Care 2008; Paralyzed Veterans of America. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. Position statement: Steroids in acute spinal cord injury.
Jan 24, 2016 · Published in 2013, the joint CNS/AANS Guidelines for the first time discourage the use of steroids for traumatic spinal cord injury. This comes after a thorough review of existing evidence and a critical re-examination of the NASCIS-studies previously interpreted as favouring steroid use. The National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS) conducted a trial comparing high and low dose MP. The results of this study suggested that patients who received high dose MP had no neurological improvement but significant increases in medical complications compared to …
Early Acute Management in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health-Care 2008; Paralyzed Veterans of America. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. Position statement: Steroids in acute spinal cord injury. Steroids for Spinal Cord Injury. Following this review, members of the trauma-list are signing a letter to present to the American College of Surgeons ATLS subcommittee asking them to revise the ATLS position on the use of steroids in spinal cord injury.
Oct 01, 2019В В· In a comprehensive review of published literature and meta-analysis of clinical trials of acute spinal cord injury treatment with high-dose steroids within eight hours of onset, the authors concluded that there is no benefit regarding neurological recovery and function and an increased risk of adverse side effects from gastrointestinal bleeding. Steroids for acute spinal cord injury. Every year, about 40 million people worldwide suffer a spinal cord injury. Most of them are young men. The results are often devastating. Various drugs have been given to patients in attempts to reduce the extent of permanent paralysis.
steroids in cases of acute spinal cord injury. A com-mittee of Canadian neurosurgical and orthopedic spine specialists, emergency physicians and physiatrists Guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery 2002;50(Suppl 3):S67-72. 21. Oxman AD, Guyatt GH. In 2013, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) released guidelines recommending that methylprednisolone not be used in the first 24 to 48 hours after acute spinal cord injury given the lack of evidence supporting the benefit of this practice and strong evidence showing that use of high-dose steroids in this setting is associated with harmful …
Mar 14, 2016В В· Published in 2013, the joint CNS/AANS Guidelines for the first time discourage the use of steroids for traumatic spinal cord injury. This comes after a thorough review of existing evidence and a critical re-examination of the NASCIS-studies previously interpreted as favouring steroid use. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event often leading to poor neurologic outcomes. One of the most widely practiced treatments has been the administration of methylprednisolone. However, today its use has been called into question over concerns of efficacy and safety.
Oct 05, 2019В В· What are the guidelines on steroid therapy in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI)? Nesathurai S. Steroids and spinal cord injury: revisiting the NASCIS 2 and NASCIS 3 trials. Mar 14, 2016В В· Published in 2013, the joint CNS/AANS Guidelines for the first time discourage the use of steroids for traumatic spinal cord injury. This comes after a thorough review of existing evidence and a critical re-examination of the NASCIS-studies previously interpreted as favouring steroid use.
The authors of the important 2013 AANS/CNS Joint Guidelines for the Management of Acute Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries 21 for the first time in history formulated a level I recommendation stating that the administration of MP for treatment of acute spinal cord injury SCI is not recommended. Moreover, evidence for class I, II, and III Early versus delayed decompression for traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: results of the Surgical Timing in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (STASCIS). PLoS One 2012; 7:e32037. Fehlings MG, Rabin D, Sears W, et al. Current practice in the timing of surgical intervention in spinal cord injury.
Background: Acute spinal cord injury is a devastating condition typically affecting young people with a preponderance being male. Steroid treatment in the early hours of the injury is aimed at Nov 01, 2018 · Nevertheless, the administration of high-dose steroids within 8 hours of injury for all patients with acute spinal cord injury is practiced by most …
Sep 01, 2017 · / A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury : Recommendations on the Use of Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate. In: Global Spine Journal . 2017 ; Vol. 7, No. 3_supplement. pp. 203S-211S. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incapacitating condition that affects motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Since 1990, the only treatment administered in the acute phase of SCI has been methylprednisolone (MP), a synthetic corticosteroid that has anti-inflammatory effects; however, its efficacy remains controversial. Although MP has been thought to help in the resolution of edema, there …
The Plight of Spinal Cord Injury. So great was the excitement that emergency departments were instructed to administer MPSS to eligible patients even before NASCIS II had completed peer review. In the years since formal publication of NASCIS II, use of MPSS has gradually waned and a complex, seemingly unresolvable debate has ensued (Fehlings et al.,... Sep 03, 2015В В· 1.Methylprednisolone is not recommended for acute spinal cord injury, because no class I or II evidence supports its benefit. Class I, II, and III evidence indicate a higher incidence of infection, sepsis, complications, increased intensive care unit length of stay, and death with steroid use. (Level 1 recommendation)
Jan 06, 1984В В· A multicenter double-blind randomized trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of a high dose of methylprednisolone (1,000-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) compared with a standard dose (100-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) in 330 patients with acute spinal cord injury. Sep 01, 2017В В· / A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury : Recommendations on the Use of Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate. In: Global Spine Journal . 2017 ; Vol. 7, No. 3_supplement. pp. 203S-211S.
In 2013, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) released guidelines recommending that methylprednisolone not be used in the first 24 to 48 hours after acute spinal cord injury given the lack of evidence supporting the benefit of this practice and strong evidence showing that use of high-dose steroids in this setting is associated with harmful … Jan 06, 1984 · A multicenter double-blind randomized trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of a high dose of methylprednisolone (1,000-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) compared with a standard dose (100-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) in 330 patients with acute spinal cord injury.
aansoek translation in Afrikaans-English dictionary af Ons sluit dus aan by die SADC se staats-en regeringshoofde wanneer ons diegene gelukwens wat betrokke was by die Zimbabwe-samesprekings met hul prysenswaardige prestasies, en ons moedig hulle aan om saam te werk om die oorblywende prosessuele aangeleentheid op te los. Vir u aansoek in english Polokwane Hierdie vorm sal die datum van jou aansoek aandui asook jou aansoeknommer. Neem hierdie vorm saam na jou naaste satelliet- of provinsiale kantoor om te kyk of jou naam op die provinsiale waglys verskyn. Jy moet jou beurt afwag. Gaan altyd die vordering van jou aansoek by jou satelliet- of provinsiale kantoor na.
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Vera Mag by Telavivian
Doron Rabina Appointed as Chief Curator of the Tel Aviv Museum of Art
by Jessica Laub	| 10.01.17
Doron Rabina has just been announced as the chief curator at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art, and will begin this position in the coming months. He comes to the Tel Aviv Museum after having served as the head of Midrasha College of Art at Beit Berl (2009 to 2014) and as the chief curator of Midrasha's Tel Aviv based gallery. Suzanne Landau, who previously held the chief curator position, will continue to serve as the museum's Director.
Photograph by Rami Maymon
For The Tel Aviv Museum of Art, whose prominence extends far beyond the city itself, bringing in artists from abroad and operating as one of the key art institutions in Israel, it is an asset that Rabina has engaged with many communities throughout his career. This includes a deep involvement in both the Israeli and international contemporary art scenes through art, writing, and curation. His photography, paintings and installations have shown in exhibitions in Israel, as well as internationally. In 2004, he represented Israel at the 26th São Paulo Art Biennial in Brazil. His writing has been published extensively in journals and books. He has also curated shows locally in Israel, as well as abroad; including Grief Hunters in 2011 at the Institute of Contemporary Art in Philadelphia.
Even closer to home, in Tel Aviv, Rabina's work reaches a varied audience. He established Hayarkon 19, an art, culture and education center that is situated near one of Tel Aviv's most marginalized communities, and is particularly noteworthy for its efforts to engage and include the local community in its activities and programming. Its agenda is also unique for its commitment to working with artists, shows and events that deal with social issues.
Says Landau, "Rabina brings an innovative, fresh approach, combined with a broad perspective and deep thinking about Israeli and international art…I am also confident Doron will contribute greatly in leading his plans for the Tel Aviv Museum of Art as the central and leading modern and contemporary art institution in Israel, in addition to strengthening its standing in the international art world." Perhaps it is this ability to work with and engage locals and internationals alike that will be important for the museum going forward, particularly in the current context of cultural boycotts and hostility toward Israel in the global contemporary art world.
The Tel Aviv Museum of Art is located at Shaul Hamelech 27, Tel Aviv-Yafo. www.tamuseum.org.il
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Home · Blog · Kenya : Lekeri: Completion Report
Lekeri: Completion Report
Earlier this year, Voss Foundation's implementing partner Milgis Trust outfitted a well dug by the community with a solar-powered water system to provide water to the community of Lekeri in Samburu, Kenya. Our Program Director, Caitlin Rackish, visited Lekeri in April and shared an update on the newly completed project. Moses Lesoloyia, Milgis Trust's Ground Manager, recently shared a project report that provided further information about implementation.
The Lekeri water system was funded by Lene Maria for Rent Vann in memory of Maria Annette Ofstad Derås, a friend of Lene Maria's, who passed away at the age of 21 from Batten disease. When Maria Annette passed away, her family asked friends to donate to Lene Maria for Clean Water in her memory. Prior to completion of the project, the only sources of water people in Lekeri had access to were the shallow, open wells in the riverbed or the river if it was flowing. Now, thanks to the generosity of the Ofstad Derås family, clean water, pumped to a water tank and piped to 2 community standpipes, provides over 1,000 people in Lekeri with access to clean water. In dry periods, when water is scarce, people from other communities come to Lekeri to collect water, increasing that number to upwards of 3,000. Previously, some people walked over 5 km to collect water, and the trip could take 3-4 hours. Now, the longest distance anyone has to walk is 2-3km. Reducing the distance people have to walk to collect water has enabled members of the community to collect more water on a daily basis. Moses said that "before a family of 6 could use [as little as] 20 liters per person for two days… [Now], the same family uses the same amount [or more] in one day."
In addition, Moses explained how the community participated in implementation of the project. "The community was involved in digging the well, mapping out where the pipeline would pass, digging the trench, putting the pipeline in and covering it, and collecting hard core for making slabs for the water tank base… One challenge was that the terrain that the pipeline had to pass was very rocky, so the community spent a lot of time digging the trench." A community-elected management committee consisting of 8 women and 3 men was established and trained. In addition, two water watchmen were selected to guard the borehole and solar panels, and take care of daily tasks like dusting the solar panels. Both groups are supported by Lazaro Lepito, Milgis Trust's Water Coordinator. A maintenance plan and a financial management plan were also put in place. As Caitlin mentioned in her trip recap, the salary for the water watchmen was not included in the project budget so the community assigned someone to collect a small fee per Jerrycan at the community standpipe. The fees will cover the watchmen's salary and future repairs. Although the solar water system is up and running, there are a few components of the project, like the signboard, that still need to be completed.
Lene Maria for Rent Vann, Norwegian for "Lene Maria for Clean Water," is a global grassroots initiative to honor the memory of Lene Maria Bergum, who was killed in the shooting attack on Utøya, Norway in July 2011. Her family chose to build a water project in Sub-Saharan Africa with Voss Foundation in Lene Maria's name. They felt this was the way she would want to be remembered. Lekeri is the fifth Lene Maria for Rent Vann project with Voss Foundation. The campaign has funded 4 sanitation facilities and 17 water access points in 9 communities in Kenya, Liberia, and Uganda.
Thank you to Helen, Pete, and everyone who helped Milgis Trust complete the Lekeri project, as well as to the Bergum and Ofstad Derås families. Both have transformed terrible events into inspirational projects that benefit many, and Voss Foundation is honored to be a part of their efforts.
Click the report cover image to see the budget and read our completion report.
Learn more about Lene Maria for Rent Vann.
Learn more about Voss Foundation's work in Kenya.
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Your baby may be too young still to fully appreciate the legend that is Johnny Cash, but get him started early on his collection of band merchandise with these awesome band and music themed rock and roll baby clothes. This Johnny Cash "Crawl the line" one piece puts an infant spin on a classic! Also makes a great baby shower gift for music lover parents.


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La historia de los judíos en Arabia Saudita hace referencia a la historia judía en las áreas que ahora están en el territorio de Arabia Saudita. La historia se remonta a tiempos bíblicos.

Historia temprana
La primera mención de judíos en el territorio de lo que actualmente es Arabia Saudita se remonta, según algunos relatos, al tiempo del Primer Templo. La inmigración a la Península arábiga comenzó, de forma masiva, en el siglo II; y por los siglos VI y VII había una población judía considerable en Hiyaz, mayoritariamente en Medina y sus alrededores, en parte debido a la adopción del judaísmo por dirigentes como Dhu Nuwas, que era muy agresivo para convertir a sus súbditos al judaísmo, y quién persiguió a los cristianos en su reino como reacción a la persecución de judíos por los cristianos locales; y Abu Karib Asad.
Según Al-Masudi, la parte norte de Hiyaz era una dependencia del Reino de Judá, y según Butrus al-Bustani, los judíos en Hiyaz establecieron un estado soberano. El orientalista alemán Ferdinand Wüstenfeld creía que los judíos establecieron un estado en el norte de Hiyaz.

Tribus de Medina

Había tres principales tribus judías en Medina antes del surgimiento del Islam en Arabia: los Banu Nadir, los Banu Qainuqa y los Banu Qurayza. Los Banu Nadir eran particularmente hostiles a la nueva religión de Mahoma. Las otras tribus judías vivieron relativamente en paz bajo dominio musulmán.

Otras tribus judías árabes
 Banu Alfageer
 Banu Awf
 Banu Aws
 Banu Harith o Bnei Chorath
 Banu Jusham
 Banu Quda'a|Banu Quda'Un
 Banu Sa'ida
 Banu Shutayba
 Banu Ghifar

El viaje de Benjamín de Tudela

Un viaje histórico para visitar las comunidades judías distantes fue emprendido por el rabino Benjamín de Tudela, de 1165 a 1173, cruzando y documentando algunas de las áreas que actualmente están en el área geográfica de Arabia Saudita. Un mapa de sus viajes en lo que hoy es Arabia Saudita muestra que se detuvo en Taima y Jáibar, dos sitios que se sabe que históricamente tuvieron una significativa presencia judía. La Batalla de Jáibar fue luchada por Mahoma y sus seguidores contra la comunidad judía de Jáibar en 629. El viaje de Tudela comenzó como una peregrinación a Tierra Santa. Tudela podría haber deseado establecerse en Tierra Santa, pero la razón de sus viajes es controvertida. Ha sido sugerido que Tudela podría haber tenido un motivo comercial además de un motivo religioso; por otro lado, podría haber intentado documentar las comunidades judías en la ruta a Tierra Santa con objeto de proporcionar una guía de dónde se podría encontrar hospitalidad para los judíos viajando a Tierra Santa. Tudela tomó un camino largo e hizo paradas frecuentemente, conociendo personas, visitando sitios, describiendo oficios y dando un cálculo demográfico de judíos en cada ciudad y país.

Una de las ciudades de las que se sabe que Benjamín de Tudela informó que tenía una comunidad judía fue "El Katif", localizada en el área de la actual ciudad de Hofuf en la parte norte de la península arábiga. Al-Hofuf (también Hofuf o Al-Hufuf) (: ) es el principal centro urbano en el enorme oasis de Al-Hasa en la Provincia Oriental de Arabia Saudita.

Comunidad de Najrán
Hubo una pequeña comunidad judía, mayoritariamente miembros de la tribu Bnei Chorath, viviendo en una ciudad fronteriza de 1934 a 1950. La ciudad yemení de Najrán fue conquistada por fuerzas sauditas en 1934, absorbiendo su comunidad judía que estaba ahí asentada desde tiempos preislámicos. Al aumentar la persecución, los judíos de Najrán hicieron planes para evacuar. El gobernador local de entonces, Amir Turki ben Mahdi, concedió a los 600 judíos de Najrán un solo día en el que podrían evacuar; de lo contrario, nunca podrían volver a salir. Los soldados saudíes los acompañaron a la frontera yemení. Estos judíos llegaron a Saada, y unos 200 continuaron al sur hacia Adén, entre septiembre y octubre de 1949. El rey saudí Abdulaziz ordenó que regresaran, pero el monarca yemení, Ahmad ibn Yahya, se opuso, porque estos refugiados eran judíos yemeníes. Después de establecerse en el Campamento Hashid (también llamado Mahane Geula), fueron transportados por aire a Israel como parte de la Operación Alfombra Mágica.

Según la tradición popular judía yemení, los judíos de Najrán tienen su origen en las Diez Tribus.

Época moderna
Prácticamente no hubo actividad judía en Arabia Saudita hasta principios del siglo XXI. Los servicios religiosos judíos (así como los cristianos y otros no musulmanes) están prohibidos en suelo saudí. Cuando personal militar estadounidense fue desplegado en Arabia Saudita durante la Guerra del Golfo, se concedió permiso para pequeños servicios religiosos cristianos, pero los servicios judíos eran permitidos sólo a bordo de naves estadounidenses. La información del censo no identifica ningún judío residiendo en territorio saudita.

A las personas con un sello del gobierno israelí en su pasaporte o que son abiertamente judíos generalmente no se les permite ingresar al Reino de Arabia Saudita. En la década de 1970, los extranjeros deseando trabajar en el reino tenían que firmar un acta notarial declarando que no eran judíos y los formularios oficiales para conceder permiso a extranjeros de entrar o salir del país, preguntan la afiliación religiosa.

Durante la primera Guerra de Golfo, al personal militar estadounidense judío se le permitió la entrada al reino, pero los servicios religiosos tuvieron que realizarse discretamente en la base y se crearon chapas de identificación alternativas de "Protestante B", por si ocurría que un judío fuera hecho prisionero en Irak.

A finales de diciembre de 2014, el diario Al-Watan informó que el sitio web del Ministerio de Trabajo saudita permite a trabajadores extranjeros la práctica de diversas fes, incluyendo el judaísmo, así como vivir y trabajar en Arabia Saudita. Una fuente dentro del ministerio mencionó que, en efecto, a los israelíes no les está permitido entrar a Arabia Saudita, pero a los judíos de otras nacionalidades no se les aplicará la prohibición de entrada. En la práctica, cristianos y judíos pueden llevar a cabo servicios religiosos, con la limitación de realizarse solamente en privado y no pueden invitar a musulmanes.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Salibi, Kamal (1985) La Biblia vino de Arabia Londres: Jonathan Cape
 Stillman, Norman. Judíos de Tierras árabes, Sociedad de Publicaciones judías, 1979.
 Nueva Enciclopedia Judía Estándar, 1992, Encyclopedia Publishing, "Adén", "Arabia", "Hadramaut"

Historia y viajes de Benjamín de Tudela

 Benjamín de Tudela. El Itinerario de Benjamín de Tudela: Viajes en la Edad Media. Pangloss Prenss, 1993.
 El Itinerario de Benjamín de Tudela. trad. Marcus Nathan Adler. 1907: incluye mapa de ruta (p. 2) y comentario.
 Shatzmiller, Joseph. "Judíos, Peregrinaje, y el Culto cristiano de Santos: Benjamín de Tudela y Su Contemporáneos." Después de la caída de Roma: Narradores y Fuentes de la Historia Medieval Temprana. Universidad de Prensa de Toronto: Toronto, 1998.
 Biblioteca Virtual judía: Benjamin de Tudela.

Historia judía de Arabia Saudita
Historia judía por región
Historia de Arabia Saudita


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East Rockaway Junior-Senior High School was named a Schools of Opportunity Silver Award recipient by the National Education Policy Center. The school is one of only 12 high schools across the country to receive this coveted national recognition.
A School of Opportunity is one that serves as a model, informing and inspiring the efforts of educators and communities throughout the U.S. to become high schools that promote both excellence and equity. The center identifies and acknowledges excellent public high schools that strive to close opportunity gaps by attending to practices that build on students' strengths, thereby creating engaging and supported learning opportunities for all students.
East Rockaway Junior-Senior High School was recognized for implementing a cultural shift in its education practices by providing students with the opportunities and skills needed to compete in a quickly changing college and career landscape. This approach is marked by its Honors by Achievement initiative, as well as expanding opportunities for all students to take challenging and rigorous Advanced Placement and college-level courses.
To be considered for the award, the district took part in a rigorous application process that focused on school practices such as creating and maintaining a healthy school culture, broadening and enriching school curriculum, using a variety of assessments designed to respond to student needs and supporting teachers as professionals.


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Father endures for family
By Aruna Lolani • 06 May 2017, 12:00AM
Atonio Atonio, 40-years old from Falefa, lives a simple life.
He is a father with a priority. That is to protect his family.
"We been living on the other side of our village where our family plantation is but we decided to move back to our own family land (fanua moni) to develop," he told the Village Voice
"Since my mum died we've decided to settle things down and to develop our family like the way it was from the very start.
"As you can see, I just got back from the plantation getting some tree branches to build my family a new house.
"As a father I have to be strong for my family doing all the chores in our family. I want to be a good example to my kids."
Atonio's kids motivate him to work hard every day.
"Four of my six children are in school," he said.
"I work hard for them. The money I earn from my work is for my children's school fees.
"Some people think that money is everything but that's wrong. We have plantation to work where we can get some food from too."
He understands that life is very tough and rough.
"Everything in life is very expensive," he said
"Back in the days we bought eleni (fish-can) for only $2tala but now it's very expensive and some families can't even afford it
"But we cannot move away from it because it is the way it is.
"We have to accept that just for the sake of our family and children
"Because no matter how expensive it is people still buy things for their children.
"As a father I have to make sure that my family has everything especially my kids and their school fees."


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The Silicon Valley Watcher Challenge: To Raise $10K for Schools
The other day I got into trouble with Cisco's outside PR agency, the 463 because John Chambers, Cisco CEO continued to complain about education in the US, saying the same things he has been saying for many years. So I complained that I've been hearing these same things time and again. (Please see my TechNet post: John Chambers Marks Dull Innovation Summit Panel- Content Was"Slightly Less Useless" Than Prior Panels )
Among Mr Chambers comments, he said that our local school system is broken and can't be fixed.
I was on a panel with Mr Chambers two years ago. I spoke about how Silicon Valley's public schools are basketcases when they should be showcases.
It is embarrassing. Silicon Valley says to the world we are inventing the future yet our communities suffer from terrible public schools! Is this the future?!
He said Tom, we tried to tried but the system is broken and can't be fixed. And he said the same thing last Thursday too. Cisco was a big supporter for school vouchers, a controversial proposal designed to let parents help pay for private education with public school funds. I'm not sure if this initiative is what he was referring to.
I was told by his PR person that Mr Chambers has done a lot for education around the world. And I applaud his work and the medals and awards his work has earned. However, I'm surprised that he would give up so easily with improving Silicon Valley's local schools.
A "CraigsList" for schools
There are many things that could be done for schools, especially in applying the tools for building social media communities. This is a key emerging business for Cisco it would be a great demonstration of its tools and technologies.
Within walking distance of every local school in the Silicon Valley/Bay Area there is a tremendous amount of resources that could help raise the standard of education for all, regardless of income. This area is the 10th richest economic region in the world.
Why not build a type of "CraigsList" around every school? It would bring the local community closer to its local schools. If a teacher needs a box of pencils or a volunteer to explain rocket science, they could post it online.
This "CraigsList" for schools could also offer a collaborative platform for the teachers, students, and parents. It could offer online tutoring. It could fund free broadband for the schools. If set up as an independent venture, it could possibly fund these activities by offering commercial broadband services to local businesses. It might cost a few bucks more per month but the local businesses would know the money is going back into their communities.
Silicon Valley/Bay Area schools could very easily, and inexpensively become wonderful showcases for the transforming power of the technologies being developed here.
I refuse to believe that our local school system cannot be fixed. And I refuse to believe that John Chambers and our other local captains of industry cannot find a solution to this problem.
We have world class leaders here in the Bay Area, there is nothing that they cannot accomplish.
Where there is a will there is a way, and hopefully my humble post might renew Mr Chambers interest in revisiting this challenge.
Silicon Valley Watcher Challenge: $10K for schools
And in the meantime, I challenge my readers to help raise $10,000 for schools through a challenge on DonorsChoice.org. There are many classroom projects to choose from. This is part of the Lit Liberation challenge established by Tim Ferriss, the author of "The 4-Hour Work Week."
Tim asked Silicon Valley Watcher and a small group of other online publishers to help raise a total of $1m for schools around the world. More details are here, from Brian Solis:
Tim Ferriss Forms LitLiberation to Raise $1 Million in One Month
Take a look at some of the school projects on this page and help schools here and elsewhere:
Help Public School Kids by Funding Silicon Valley Watcher Challenge at DonorsChoose
Technorati Tags: litliberation, puppy


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Armand-Jean le Bouthillier (Jean) de Rancé (Parijs, 9 januari 1626 - 27 oktober 1700) was een Frans priester en abt.

De Rancé werd geboren als zesde kind van Denis le Bouthillier, secretaris van Maria de' Medici, en Charlotte Joly. In 1637 stierf zijn oudere broer Denis, commendatair abt van vijf kloosters waaronder La Trappe. Ofschoon hij eigenlijk bestemd was voor een militaire carrière, zag Armand-Jean zich nu gedwongen de plaats van zijn broer in te nemen. Na briljante studies aan de universiteit van Parijs werd hij in 1651 priester gewijd met de vooropgezette bedoeling te zijner tijd zijn oom, de aartsbisschop van Tours, op te volgen.

In 1657 overleed plotseling Madame de Montbazon, een gevierde schoonheid en oude vriendin van de familie. Met Armand-Jean verbond haar een relatie, waarvan de juiste aard niet helemaal duidelijk is. In ieder geval had haar dood een volledige ommekeer in zijn leven tot gevolg. Hij trok zich terug in zijn landhuis en gaf achtereenvolgens de meeste van zijn prebenden op. In 1660 bezocht hij de enige prebende die hem nog restte, de Abdij van La Trappe. Daar trof hij een weinig verheffend kloosterleven aan. Om het geestelijk niveau te verhogen trok hij zes monniken aan uit de nabijgelegen abdij Perseigne, waar een streng regime heerste. De vervallen gebouwen liet hij onder zijn toezicht herstellen. Zijn verblijf in de abdij overtuigde hem van de noodzaak om hier zijn verdere leven door te brengen.

Na een jaar noviciaat in Perseigne werd hij in 1664 geprofest en regulier abt van La Trappe. Rancé is in zijn eigen abdij veel verder gegaan dan hij in Perseigne had beleefd. Ten diepste was hij overtuigd van de noodzaak van boetedoening, deemoed en ascese. Dit uitte zich in La Trappe door een consequent stilzwijgen, handenarbeid en uiterste soberheid in eten en drinken. Dit werden ook de kenmerken van de Orde der Trappisten, die uit de hervormingen van Rancé zijn voortgekomen.

Na 1675 heeft Rancé zijn klooster niet meer verlaten. Een ernstige ziekte noopte hem in 1695 als abt af te treden. Op 27 oktober 1700 overleed hij. Ondanks pogingen daartoe van enige vrienden werd hij niet heilig verklaard, maar in La Trappe bloeit zijn verering tot op de dag van vandaag.

Literatuur
 Maria Magdalena Aust, Nichts anderes als Gottes Haus und Pforte zum Himmel. Grundzüge der Spiritualität des Abtes de Rancé (1626-1700), Cistercienser Chronik 2000 en 2001.
 Alban J. Krailsheimer, 'Rancé', Dictionnaire de spiritualité, tome XIII, 81-90.
 Josef Theodor Rath, 'Rancé', BBKL VII (1994), 1320-1323.

Frans rooms-katholiek priester
Trappist
Cisterciënzer abt


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We consider the problem of identifying patterns in a data set that exhibit anomalous behavior, often referred to as anomaly detection. In most anomaly detection algorithms, the dissimilarity between data samples is calculated by a single criterion, such as Euclidean distance. However, in many cases there may not exist a single dissimilarity measure that captures all possible anomalous patterns. In such a case, multiple criteria can be defined, and one can test for anomalies by scalarizing the multiple criteria by taking some linear combination of them. If the importance of the different criteria are not known in advance, the algorithm may need to be executed multiple times with different choices of weights in the linear combination. In this paper, we introduce a novel non-parametric multi-criteria anomaly detection method using Pareto depth analysis (PDA). PDA uses the concept of Pareto optimality to detect anomalies under multiple criteria without having to run an algorithm multiple times with different choices of weights. The proposed PDA approach scales linearly in the number of criteria and is provably better than linear combinations of the criteria.


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Copyright: Netflix. Fotograf: Per Arnesen
Lucas Lynggaard Tønnesen was only 16 years old when he was casted as Rasmus in the Danish Netflix-series "The Rain". He took the chance and dropped out of high school. Today he has more than 50 thousand followers on Instagram and there is no doubt that he has a bright future in store for him as an actor. He has always been interested in acting and has starred in Danish movies such as "Circus Summarum" and "Department Q: The Keeper of Lost Causes". How does it feel to become popular all of sudden and how did he experience the atmosphere on set? Get the answers to these questions and many more in our interview with the amazing Lucas.
1. How did it feel to get such an important part in a Netlix-series?
I don't think I was quiet aware of how big of a project it is while I was in the middle of it all. When we were shooting it almost just felt like we were shooting a regular Danish TV-series. Of course it is amazing to get the opportunity to experience a character and built a relationship with the character. For that I am grateful – and to show it to such a huge audience is amazing.
© Evald Hansen Photography
2.How did you get the part?
I just started in High School six months before I started this project. I got an email saying that there was a casting for the first ever Danish Netflix-series. I had to go to castings seven or eight times over a time span of three to four months. My manager told me that I would get an answer regarding the role by the upcoming week. I was sitting in school and my classmates and I knew that I was about to receive news regarding the part. My phone rang in the middle of a Communication and Design class and I looked down at the phone. My heart stopped and the first thing I thought was "fuck!". It was my manager Tanja who was calling me. Without a word I ran out of the classroom with my classmates right behind me… I got the part! It was surreal and I though I was dreaming. Sometimes I still believe that I am dreaming.
3.How was it to run around in a wrecked Copenhagen?
It was hilarious to film in places where I spend most of my time and film in the streets that I have walked on my whole life. There were no people at the town hall square and it was completely trashed. The production closed down a Burger King for two days where we played around, threw garbage around and ate bunkerfood. I was pushed around in a shopping cart while people around us took pictures of us and probably wondered what the fuck was going on. It was fantastic.
4. People around the world has the opportunity to watch 'The Rain' because it is an Netflix original. How does it feel to know that?
It is a little strange thinking about the fact that people from around the world are sitting in their living rooms watching our TV-series from little Denmark. It is definitely exciting that they can see how we tell stories in Denmark, and that we also can produce post-apocalyptic tv-shows in our own way. It is amazing to get lovenotes from people who live in Brazil and Japan and know that they love the show and the Danish language.
© Lucas Lynggaard Tønnesen
5. The cast of 'The Rain' is mostly young actors and actresses. How was your relationship with the other actors?
I was the youngest of seven, but I didn't feel like age mattered. We were all like a little family despite the age difference. We all laughed, sang and danced around. We learned a lot about each other while filming. As the youngest it was great to get the chance to reflect my acting in the others. I saw how they handled a scene, how they delivered their lines and could learn from their experiences. Kinda like my character Rasmus in 'The Rain'. He is also trying to figure out who he wants to be.
6. How long did it take to film the tv-series?
We filmed from june to the end of november – but it didn't really matter that it took so long because I was always looking forward to filming.
Behind the scenes pictures from 'The Rain' © Lucas Lynggaard Tønnesen
7. You choose to film 'The Rain' instead of continuing High Scool. Do you regret your decision?
I have wanted to become an actor since I was twelve years old. It is my way to express myself – if not to act a little silly once in a while. So no, I have definitely not regretted my decision. I went to High School for six months in Svendborg and when the casting started I could not focus on school at all. I wanted the part so badly so I could not focus on homework and attending classes. After I got the part I talked with my family about how I wanted my future to be and we decided that acting is the right choice for me. It is what I want.
8. How did you prepare yourself for the role as Rasmus, a guy who has not been outside a door for six years?
I can recall watching the movie 'Captain Fantastic' which is about a family who lives in their own society out in the middle of the woods. They return to civilization after their mother pass away. I used the boy in the family as an inspiration for my acting as Rasmus, because he is very similar to him. None of them know how to behave in a a real society. The feeling of being isolated came naturally when I was in the bunker. After filming a couple of days down there it really felt like I was trapped and couldn't get out. It was very realistic. Alba and I agreed that we would lock ourselves in the bunker for a few days before shooting, but after seeing the bunker we decided that it would be better if we didn't. I'm glad that we didn't do it.
9. Which Netflix originals are your favorites?
I love the German Netflix original 'Dark' and the Sci-fi 'Black Mirror'.
10. What is your next project?
Only time will tell. We cross our fingers and hope for a second season of 'The Rain', that's for sure
11."The Rain" is about survival. What are your best tips for surviving acid rain?
a Hazmatsuit and an Ipod with the song "Can't help falling in love" by Elvis Presley on it then everything is going to be alright.
Wanna know more about Lucas? then follow his Instagram and Facebook. "The Rain" is now available on Netflix.
exclusive interviewInterviewlucas lynggaard tønnesennetflixThe rain
Rikke Ingemann Jensen
21-årig medievidenskabsstuderende der elsker film og tv-serier. Har en stor forkærlighed for John Hughes film og alt med Leonardo Dicaprio.
Wes Anderson skal instruere stjernecast i sit første Netflix samarbejde!
Filmanmeldelse: 'Sorry to Bother You'
Filmanmeldelse: Isle of Dogs


Spring is officially here! As excited as you are to spend more time outside, there is some plumbing maintenance you'll need to put on your to-do list before the fun can begin. Here's what you'll need to do.
April showers bring, well, lots of things, including a wet and soggy basement. Most of us don't have the luxury of a dry basement, but we do have the blessing of a sump pump to assure that our basement is dry and our houses don't get musty. To ensure that your sump pump is working properly, you will need to check it in early spring. Unplug the pump and then plug it in again. If the pump doesn't start you'll need to call a plumber. Another way is to pour enough water to raise the float until the pump kicks on, make sure it drains. At Crawford Mechanical Services, we suggest having a backup sump pump just in case your main sump pump fails, or you lose power to your house; this will help you guarantee that a potential flood won't happen in your basement.
You shouldn't have a bog of stench in your drains or slow draining water. With a bit of attention and checking to clear the debris from your drains, your pipes can flow smoothly once again. Check to make sure there are strainers placed in all your drains to prevent hair and other debris from spoiling in the pipes and resulting in a clog. This can be solved with a drain cleaner, but sometimes a plumbing snake handled by a plumbing professional is required.
Check your outdoor faucets for leaks and check the lawn for soggy spots. Faucets can freeze over the winter, especially if you didn't winterize them, and a soggy lawn can indicate that the pipes from the street or well have sprung a leak. If you notice a leak but can't find the source, call a plumbing professional for assistance.
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