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The Truth About Cars | Editorials
Note to Lincoln: If Your Heritage Really Means Something, Then Restore Henry Leland's Grave
By Ronnie Schreiber on January 7, 2013
2010 photo courtesy of Cars In Depth
Henry Leland is a man without an automotive country though he started both surviving American luxury automobile brands. He founded Cadillac from the economic ruins of Henry Ford's second failed car company (the third time was a charm for Ford), having been brought in by Ford's financiers to appraise the company's assets for a planned liquidation. Leland ran Leland & Faulkner, Detroit's premier machine shop. Instead of liquidating Ford's assets he convinced them to build cars using an engine of his own design that he originally had planned on selling to Ransom Olds. That new car became the basis of Cadillac, later acquired by General Motors.
Leland, the leading precision machinist in Detroit, established engineering standards for Cadillac, like using "Jo Blocks" to calibrate tools, that truly made the marque "the standard of the world". Later, after a dispute during WWI with Billy Durant, who ran General Motors and was a pacifist, Leland started Lincoln to build Liberty engines for the war effort. After the war he went into the luxury car business, which was his original intent, but by 1922 the company was insolvent (some sources say the cause was Lincoln getting stiffed on government contracts that were canceled after the war). Ford, who never forgave Leland for his role in Ford's losing control of the Henry Ford Company, bought Lincoln out of receivership and in humiliating fashion he had an elderly Leland walked out of the Lincoln headquarters and factory Leland had built. Since Leland founded Lincoln, Cadillac doesn't give him much honor and since Henry Ford resented Leland, the Lincoln company hasn't bragged much on its founder as well. That's a shame because Henry Leland was unquestionably one of the men who made the domestic auto industry what it became and he deserves to be honored.
Henry Martyn Leland, founder of Cadillac and Lincoln
While Leland's heirs donated a statue of Abraham Lincoln to the city of Detroit, there are no statues of Leland himself. In fact, other than a street named for him on Detroit's east side, there's little in the way of physical memorials to Leland. Henry Leland is buried in Detroit's Woodmere cemetery (David Buick's final resting place is there as well). Unlike the Dodge brothers' massive Egyptian tomb (replete with sphinxes), or even Henry Ford's stone sarcophagus, Leland's grave is marked with a simple brass memorial plaque embedded flush to the ground. A 2001 photo shows that one of the marker's numerals was damaged at that time. When I visited Leland's grave in late 2010, another number was starting to break up, as was the H in Henry. For a man whose reputation was based on precisely machined metal, the deterioration of Leland's brass marker is sad indeed.
2001 photo courtesy of Find A Grave. In the decade since then, the marker has further deteriorated.
FoMoCo is currently trying to reinvent the Lincoln brand. They've renamed it the Lincoln Motor Company and trotted out a bunch of classic Lincoln cars at the recent Los Angeles Auto Show and in a new ad campaign, so it's clear that "heritage" is going to be part of Lincoln's marketing plan going forward. If that's the case, Lincoln sponsoring the restoration of Henry Leland's grave marker seems to me to be a no-brainer. The cost of fixing the brass monument would be minimal, certainly less than Lincoln spends on a single network commercial. It would be a classy act on the part of the Ford family, letting bygones be bygones, and it would be the right thing to do. Edsel Ford indeed helped to create what we know as automotive styling after taking control of Lincoln but his father's revenge and his father wanting to keep him occupied with a plaything were not the only reasons why the Ford family (the bid to the court was made by Henry, Clara and Edsel Ford, not Ford Motor Company) bought Leland's company. A contemporary account of the 1922 takeover in Automotive Industries repeatedly used the word "quality" when referring to Lincoln products and described the Lincoln factory as "considered the finest of its kind in the world". Lincoln was a prestigious brand. Ford may have resented Leland but he also had grudging respect. Also, he wasn't likely to devalue a company he'd just purchased by badmouthing its founder. Henry Ford's publicity men made sure that Automotive Industries trumpeted one Henry's esteem for the other. When asked to comment after submitting his bid for Lincoln, Ford said, "It would be a stain against the motor car industry and against Detroit to permit outsiders to secure control of the Lincoln plant just because the Lelands have been caught in a financial pinch. Henry M. Leland is one of the great motor car men of America."
I urge Bill Ford, chairman of Ford Motor Company, to act on his great grandfather's praise of Henry Leland and lead a project by Lincoln to restore Leland's grave site. To be honest, it would be nicely ecumenical were Lincoln to extend a hand to Cadillac to participate, though that wouldn't exactly fit into a promotional campaign for Ford's luxury brand. Still, Henry Leland was truly one of the great motor car men and it's a stain against the two great car companies he founded that his grave is neglected and deteriorating.
Ronnie Schreiber edits Cars In Depth, a realistic perspective on cars & car culture and the original 3D car site. If you found this post worthwhile, you can dig deeper and get a parallax view at Cars In Depth. If the 3D thing freaks you out, don't worry, all the photo and video players in use at the site have mono options. Thanks for reading – RJS
Posted in Editorials
Tagged as Cadillac, edsel ford, henry ford, henry leland, Lincoln
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19 Comments on "Note to Lincoln: If Your Heritage Really Means Something, Then Restore Henry Leland's Grave..."
50merc
January 7th, 2013 at 10:07 am
An outstanding essay, Ronnie. It would be wonderful if Bill Ford followed your suggestion. If not, couldn't the Lincoln and Cadillac owners clubs restore Leland's grave to honor his contributions?
If I can ever make a pilgrimage to Detroit, visiting the graves of the industry's great founders would be a rewarding part. Detroit should do more to promote recognition of its heritage.
geozinger
I agree wholeheartedly. That essay was outstanding and 50 Merc's suggestion was equally worthy.
Here's a guide to the Detroit area graves of famous car people:
http://www.carsindepth.com/?p=3888
The largest number are buried at Woodlawn, on Woodward just south of Eight Mile. Interesting coincidence that the only two grave markers that have images of cars are John Delorean's at White Chapel in Troy and Preston Tucker's in Flat Rock. Henry Ford is buried in the Ford family cemetery on Joy Rd in Detroit's west side (ironically Joy Rd is named after Henry Joy, who ran Packard). When Edsel Ford died, Eleanor knew where Henry was going to be buried, and she buried Edsel someplace else.
Omnifan
The Ford Family cemetary is now next to a mosque for reference purposes. Location is Joy Rd just west of Greenfield. The last time I saw it (30+ years ago), Henry's grave had a iron grate covering it in case of grave robbers.
200k-min
Wow, learn something new everyday.
Buickman
next time you're in the Bronx you can visit Billy's mausoleum at Woodlawn Cemetary. I've been to old Charlie Mott's at Glenwood in Flint and PS duPont's along the Brandywine.
vcficus
Man, even Billy Durant did better! At least Flint put up a granite slab and some nice flagpoles near the Flint Cultural Center (pretty much a contradiction in terms these days, sadly). I don't think his old bowling alley is still standing though.
Compare and contrast with Alfred P. Sloan; "Father of Modern Management", winner of the Durant stock wars for GM and able to bequeath a huge fortune to endownments such as Sloan/Kettering hospitals, foundations etc. It's been written though that the GM board at least paid for Durant's medical bills when he was ailing near the end.
As Henry famously may have said "History is bunk." Very true when only the winners get to contribute to it…
Xeranar
When losers start winning I'll start giving a damn!
In complete honesty I do teach history and Political science to students and it is true the victors write the history in this case Leland is not forgotten at all in Automotive history. He has a wonderful commanding perch on which he rests with the generally viewed 2nd tier men of it. I have to say though, the first tier is a VERY SELECT group, literally it is not more than Ford, Sloan, and Durant. Walter Chrysler, the Dodges, Buick, and Louis Chevrolet all rest just a tad lower than them. That is not to say that any of them deserve that rank, if anything Leland probably deserves a first tier ranking for his founding of two major automotive marques and Chrysler for his Airflow concept and Unibody ideals.
For his grave marker I suspect it has more to due with the foundation backing him, I'm fairly sure he was still a man of means at the end but Ford was a million if not billionaire in 1947. The Dodges got out early and only had a few million by the time of their death. His marker should be fixed simply on the grounds of historical significance and general cemetery upkeep.
geeber
Leland and his son were not rich when he died. If anything, they existed in what might be called "genteel poverty."
They had exhausted all of their resources in a legal battle with Henry Ford I on behalf of stockholders in the original Lincoln Motor Car Company.
The Dodge brothers both died in 1920, and the company was sold in 1925 by the heirs to a New York investment banking firm for $146 million, a huge sum for that time. The family was quite rich for many years.
The Dodges were wealthy three times over at the time of their death. They'd made money selling components and rolling chassis to Ford Motor Company, they made money selling cars under their own names, and when Henry Ford decided to buy out his partners, since the Dodges owned Ford stock in lieu of cash payments in the early days, Henry paid them something like $29 million in 1929 for their stock. I assume they also made dividends while owning that stock. When John and Horace Dodge died, their widows were two of the wealthiest women in the world.
Because of their roles supplying Ford and Olds, the Dodges and Leland would deserve note. That they also started car companies that exist to this day should at least give them consideration for that first rank.
Frankly, Durant wasn't a great businessman. Though he had a great idea in General Motors and had considerable success in the carriage business before getting into cars, after he left GM, Durant never accomplished much. Also, he lost control of GM twice.
I'd say that Walter Chrysler was a more competent executive than Durant and Ford (whose success was help immeasurably by James Couzens and Edsel Ford, two competent managers) and if Sloan deserves the first tier, so does Walter Chrysler.
January 8th, 2013 at 12:33 pm
Correction: Henry Ford bought out the Dodges' interest in FoMoCo in 1919, not 1929.
JimothyLite
Ronnie, thanks for another wonderfully written and informative article. Great way to start my week.
Very nice article, Mr. Schreiber. I agree that Ford should do something to spruce up Mr. Leland's grave. Detroit should take steps to preserve its history. The Packard Motor Car Foundation, for example, has raised funds to buy a part of the company's old proving grounds (considered to be among the finest in the world when built).
If I recall correctly, Lincoln became insolvent for three reasons. One, while Henry Leland was a brilliant engineer, he completely ignored how Lincolns looked. The cars were considered stodgy and ungainly even for that time, which severely limited their sales appeal.
Two, there was a brief, but severe, economic downturn in 1920-21, just as Lincoln was preparing to ramp up production of its cars.
Three, the federal government didn't just cancel a war contract with Lincoln. It claimed the company owed back taxes, which it simply had no possible way to pay.
Henry Ford I did a lot more than simply escort the Lelands off the premises. He initially promised them that he would not interfere with their operation of the company. But they soon found that their orders were being ignored, and that factory equipment was being moved without their authorization. One day they discovered their office desks had been destroyed by an ax. This resulted in an inevitable showdown with Henry Ford I, who, of course, won (as his grandson would later say, his name was now on the building).
Edsel Ford was now free to run the company, which he did by giving it a badly needed dose of style while maintaining its very high quality standards.
Thank you and everyone else for the kind comments. Also, thanks for elaborating on the history of Lincoln.
Just to be pedantic, the name on the building was still Lincoln, literally, and you can still see the name (if not the building). When the building was torn down in 2005 (after being used for a long time by Detroit Edison), the Lincoln Motor Car Foundation salvaged the stonework with LINCOLN and it's now on display at the Gilmore Car Museum north of Kalamazoo. As part of that display, behind the stonework is a large, almost life size, print of a 1922 photo of the ceremony in front of the building with Henry Ford and Henry Leland (and their sons) when Ford bought the company.
While searching through an online archive of the Keystone View Co., I found a stereo photo of a Brunn bodied 1930 Lincoln in front of the same Lincoln headquarters. You can see it and a photo of the Gilmore display here:
http://www.carsindepth.com/?p=11061
dadude53
Great and well overdue article.However I disagree that Ford alone owes respect here.In my opinion the city of Detroit is in this one as well.
Leland was an important figure amongst the automotive pioneers.Ford to this date preserved Lelands heritage by keeping Lincoln going. The condition of the grave site is a heritage issue of the city, which not only in this case, does not care.
Austin Greene
A refreshing read.
Thank you Ronnie for this long-overdue contribution to the oeuvre.
tresmonos
I will see if I can dig up the contact of the Ford historian I met when I was a new hire in 2007. Maybe sending this article may get some traction with him.
vanwestcoaster
I always enjoy reading about the "shell-game genesis/development" of Lincoln and Cadillac, and agree that this account is a classy, and very doable, call to action.
Thanks for a history lesson, Ronnie. I posted a link to this story on a Facebook wall of a Lincoln Motor Company. Don't know if it would do any good, but it's worth a try.
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Globalism, the closing of otherwise geographic and political gaps through advances in technology, is rapidly advancing right now. As a result, international studies, the educational area concentrated on business and other interactions across the globe is also becoming big business. This is a rich area of pursuit which touches on languages, cultures, international and nation-state laws, resource appropriation, and plenty more.
Cultural studies is another rapidly expanding area of education. While this subject can be studied exclusively unto its own, it is also a critical component to other, broader areas of study such as the above-mentioned international studies area. Cultural studies itself is the academic area that delves into all of the factors that create and dictate culture: geographic circumstance, language, values, norms, symbols, and numerous other factors.
The exact numbers in recent studies fluctuate, but they all concur on one thing – the number of children entering the US education system with special education needs is solidly on the rise. Much of this is believed to be due to higher public awareness as well as improved screening and process methods for those with disabilities. With this all said, this subfield continues to outpace worker supply in growth, creating a chronic demand issue according to the Journal of Special Education.
The growth rate of technology in general has been on a remarkable track for the last several decades and only continues to double-down to that end. Subsequently, the education system has also been ramping up its focus and offerings to students interested in any educational path involving technology. "Technology" here refers to computers, networks, data, information technology, coding, electronic engineering, and many other areas of advancement.
Distance learning is the rapidly growing area of education involving the use of technology to educate over geographic distance. Most colleges and universities today provide online schooling opportunities as do many other private and public outlets. As a result, those looking to work in or utilize the services of the distance learning sector can look to a vast and growing area of choice and credibility.
Education is an area that has continued to grow and branch out for a long time now. In terms of today's particular patterns in education, these five subfields are among some of the hottest and most noteworthy right now. In conclusion, for those wishing to learn more about the education sector in general or the subfields therein, the Association of American Educators is an excellent resource with which to inquire further.


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#19: Live with compassion (a summary of a talk by His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama)
I recently had the honour and privilege of attending a talk by His Holiness, the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet, hosted by the Tibetan Canadian Cultural Centre at Toronto's Rogers Centre. Thousands of people gathered to hear words from this serene and respected figure. The theme of the talk was 'Human Approaches to World Peace'. His Holiness spoke in a sincere, light-hearted and humourous manner, providing many personal examples and anecdotes. He smiled broadly and chuckled warmly throughout his talk. I found it remarkable to see the vast number of people congregated in one place to hear simple but meaningful words from one single man–one single person who has obviously made a profound mark in the hearts of so many people. It was a true pleasure being in his presence. The following is a summary of some of his key points:
His Holiness started his talk by stating that the major problems in this world are man-made and that fundamentally as human beings, we are all the same; we all want a happy life and everyone has a right to be happy. That being said, we must think on this fundamental level and remember that the world is now one entity and we must therefore appreciate and consider the oneness of humanity.
He then continued by discussing how people in society below the age of 30 'belong' to the 21st century and that there are 90 years yet to come in this century, therefore the responsibility for world peace lies on the shoulders of this younger (below 30) generation. Greater world peace, he said, comes from greater vision, and the violence that currently exists in the world is a result of negligence and excessive force stemming from the past.
His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama emphasized compassion and warm-heartedness as the roots of peace and said that the bases of all moral ethics and cultural traditions are similar–compassion, love, warm-heartedness and forgiveness. It is therefore important to look inward on our journey towards peace and remember that, although money is important, material value cannot provide inner peace. Inner peace he said, can be achieved by a calm mind and this virtue is very important. Science has been able to demonstrate the workings of the mind in many ways, particularly the plasticity of the mind. This he said, is called 'inner science' and points to the ability for one to train their mind. A healthy mind goes hand-in-hand with a healthy body.
The Dalai Lama stressed that whenever there is conflict or disagreement, it must be solved through dialogue and these skills must be cultivated through education from a very young age. He said that "peace will not drop from the sky"–it depends on our own actions and actions of compassion are fundamental to peace. He said we must be good to our neighbours and consider their interests even if they are different from our own. He called this 'unbiased compassion' and contrasted it to 'limited compassion', whereby our attitudes are influenced by or oriented from the attitudes of others. Unbiased compassion considers everyone's interests, even if we oppose certain wrongful actions, which we have the right to do. Unbiased compassion stems from the basic understanding of the oneness of human kind.
The Dalai Lama warned against a self-centered attitude and encouraged us to open our hearts in order to develop trust. He remarked that we are social animals and that our individual futures depend on the community, therefore it is imperative that we develop genuine friendships on the basis of trust. He also compared the physical features of humans to more aggressive animals such as cats and noted that this suggests that were are more gentle by nature.
His Holiness emphasized the importance of teachers and education in the human approach to world peace. He suggested that moral ethics and the promotion of values and compassion should be included in education in a secular way. He pointed out that secularism is not a way of opposing religion, but instead a way of respecting differing religious beliefs and also the views of non-believers. However, he did note the many commonalities amongst religions, in their views towards morality and values. The Dalai Lama concluded this section of his talk by stating that peace will come through action and not just through prayer and that our methods to achieving peace must be realistic. He also said that the changes that have taken place in the world from the beginning to the end of the 20th century shows us that there is hope for a better world. He did however, caution against countries taking their national interests more seriously than global interests (and used the Copenhagen summit as an example). He said that the aforementioned examples point to greed and through education we must create greater awareness of the importance of focusing on global interests.
In response to a question regarding the potential of having a female Dalai Lama in the future, His Holiness said that females have been shown to display more compassion than males and thus they play a crucial role in our education system and in the world in general. He said that teaching values without action has no meaning, but teaching with caring (i.e., action) will allow students to truly understand the meaning of compassion. He encouraged the active participation of females in the promotion of world peace.
His Holiness outlined his three key commitments: 1) His commitment to the promotion of religious harmony, 2) His commitment to the promotion of inner values and 3) His commitment to Tibetan causes and culture.
Finally, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama spoke from the heart about his personal experiences dealing with the troubles and difficulties of the world. He shared that at the age 0f 16 he lost his freedom and at the age of 24 he lost his country and thus, given where he now stands in his life, he has learned the power of truth and sincerity in helping the world no matter how many set-backs there may be.
Thank you, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet for helping the world.
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As part of the festival of the Fallas of Valencia, a team formed by Spanish studios Nituniyo and Memosesmas, has designed a sculpture that acts as a blank canvas on which different artists express their ideas, a 'falla' with an indefinite shape that seeks to respond to a changing reality.
On the last day of the festival, the monument was burnt along with hundreds of other monuments in the city, consecrating the ephemeral nature of the work.
The sculpture is a giant rectangle with multiple moving tubes, which allow the artists and the visitors of the festival to create their own art pieces. The team has invited three artists to shape the work during the days of the event: architect Miguel Arraiz, designer Carlos Tíscar, and illustrator Luis Demano.


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Category Archives: Our World – Our Society
Articles about issues in our world and in our society. The focus is understanding our secular society, how it got this way and where we seem to be going. Articles are from a Biblical perspective and often are applicable in understanding the "End Times" in which we live.
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Colossians 2:8 – Warning About Philosophy
April 5, 2016 Tom	Leave a comment
Chaplain Tom Kendall
Hamilton County Sheriff's Department
BELIEVE IN JESUS NOT PHILOSOPHY
4 Now this I say lest anyone should deceive you with persuasive words. 5 For though I am absent in the flesh, yet I am with you in spirit, rejoicing to see your good order and the steadfastness of your faith in Christ. 6 As you therefore have received Christ Jesus the Lord, so walk in Him, 7 rooted and built up in Him and established in the faith, as you have been taught, abounding in it with thanksgiving. 8 Beware lest anyone cheat you through philosophy and empty deceit, according to the tradition of men, according to the basic principles of the world, and not according to Christ. 9 For in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily; 10 and you are complete in Him, who is the head of all principality and power.. (NKJVS) Colossians 2:4-10Colossians 2:4-10
English: World English Bible - WEB
4 Now this I say that no one may delude you with persuasiveness of speech. 5 For though I am absent in the flesh, yet am I with you in the spirit, rejoicing and seeing your order, and the steadfastness of your faith in Christ. 6 As therefore you received Christ Jesus, the Lord, walk in him, 7 rooted and built up in him, and established in the faith, even as you were taught, abounding in it in thanksgiving. 8 Be careful that you don't let anyone rob you through his philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the elements of the world, and not after Christ. 9 For in him all the fullness of the Godhead dwells bodily, 10 and in him you are made full, who is the head of all principality and power;
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To Cheat or Lead One Away From the Truth of God
The definition of this word includes:
"…to lead away from the truth and subject to one's sway"
Philosophy & Theosophy
The Colossians were very interested in Greek philosophy which is the love of words, much like the Pharisees.
The Greek word is philosophia; "philosophy", i.e. (specially), Jewish sophistry: — philosophy.
Love of wisdom used either of zeal for or skill in any art or science, any branch of knowledge. Used once in the NT of the theology, or rather theosophy, of certain Jewish Christian ascetics, which busied itself with refined and speculative enquiries into the nature and classes of angels, into the ritual of the Mosaic law and the regulations of Jewish tradition respecting practical life.
NOTE: the Strong's definition includes a reference to this being "theosophy", which goes beyond plain philosophy. Here is the Webster's definition of "theosophy"
the·os·o·phy\-fē\ noun
1: teaching about God and the world based on mystical insight
2: often capitalized: the teachings of a modern movement originating in the United States in 1875 and following chiefly Buddhist and Brahmanic theories especially of pantheistic evolution and reincarnation.
The Theosophical Society is an organization formed in 1875 principally by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, to advance theosophy. Their original claimed objective was self-described as "… an un-sectarian body of seekers after Truth". However, they had no basis for "truth" as the society's initial objective was the "study and elucidation of Occultism, the Cabala etc."
The Society exists yet today and its web site has its stated purpose as:
The Theosophical Society in America:
"Our mission is to encourage open-minded inquiry into world religions, philosophy, science, and the arts in order to understand the wisdom of the ages, respect the unity of all life, and help people explore spiritual self-transformation."
NOTE: Verse 8 is specifically addressing a warning about such things and we must "BEWARE" of these lest we be "cheated" by these of the real TRUTH!
"Open-minded inquiry into world religions" etc. is accepting all "truths" rather than seeking "ABSOLUTE" Truth. The following is the Society's modern definition of theosophy:
"As we have seen, theosophia (the Greek word for theosophy) refers to a Divine Wisdom, that is, a state of consciousness in which the sage or mystic goes beyond his or her mind and gets a direct, supra-conceptual, perception of Truth. This is the primary meaning of Theosophy."
MEANINGS BEHIND THE THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY'S LOGO
The Theosophical Society's seal incorporates many symbols. They are the Swastika, Star of David, Ankh (the Egyptian cross with a handle in the center), Aum (Indian symbol above the swastika) and Ouroboros (the Greek snake devouring his own tail) symbols.
The Ankh is an ancient Egyptian symbol that represents the concept of life, which is the general meaning of the symbol. The Egyptian gods are often portrayed carrying it by its loop, or bearing one in each hand, arms crossed over their chest. The ankh appears in hand or in proximity of almost every deity in the Egyptian pantheon (including Pharaohs). Thus it is fairly and widely understood as a symbol of early religious pluralism: all sects believed in a common story of eternal life, and this is the literal meaning of the symbol. This rationale contributed to the adoption of the ankh by New Age mysticism in the 1960s.
The "Swastika" (also known as the gammadion cross, cross cramponnée, or wanzi) (as a character: 卐 or 卍) is an ancient religious symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross, with its four legs bent at 90 degrees. It is considered to be a sacred and auspicious symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism and dates back to before 2nd century B.C. The name swastika comes from the Sanskrit word svastika meaning "lucky or auspicious object".
The "Aum", seen at the very top of the seal, is a sacred sound and a spiritual icon in Indian religions. It is also a mantra in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism and we often hear people uttering this sound during meditation.
The "Ouroboros" often symbolizes self-reflexivity or cyclicality, especially in the sense of something constantly re-creating itself, e.g. the eternal return. It is also often associated with Gnosticism, Hermeticism and Hinduism. Carl Jung interpreted the ouroboros as having an archetypal significance to the human psyche
EXAMPLES OF SOME THEOSOPHICAL IDEAS
There are many ideas of the Theosophical Society listed on their web site. Here are a few examples directly quoted:
"Theosophy postulates a universe of purpose. The entire system, visible and invisible, is the scene of a great scheme of evolution, in which life moves to ever more expressive form, more responsive awareness, and more unified consciousness."
"The gradual unfolding of this latent divine Reality within us takes place over a long period of time by the process of reincarnation, which is an aspect of the cyclic law seen everywhere in nature."
"The cycle of reincarnation is ruled by the law of cause and effect. As Saint Paul says–whatever we sow, we will inevitably reap. This is the law of karma by which we weave our own destiny through the ages. It is the great hope for humanity, for it gives us the opportunity to create our future by what we do in the present."
These are clear examples of the warning of Colossians 2:8Colossians 2:8
8 Be careful that you don't let anyone rob you through his philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the elements of the world, and not after Christ.
8 Beware lest anyone cheat you through philosophy and empty deceit, according to the tradition of men, according to the basic principles of the world, and not according to Christ.
The above example shows how there is an ATTEMPT to bring Biblical Scripture in to justify their philosophy and give it credibility by quoting Paul. Since we know the Bible is NOT CONTRADICTORY, we must also consider Hebrews 9:27-28Hebrews 9:27-28
27 Inasmuch as it is appointed for men to die once, and after this, judgment, 28 so Christ also, having been once offered to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time, without sin, to those who are eagerly waiting for him for salvation.
WP-Bible plugin which says:
"27 And as it is appointed for men to die once, but after this the judgment, 28 so Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many. To those who eagerly wait for Him He will appear a second time, apart from sin, for salvation."
This obviously says there IS NO REINCARNATION, as we are "appointed" to DIE ONCE; not over and over as in reincarnation. Thus, the "Law of Contradiction" tells us that both positions can NOT be true.
This is an example of the deceit and how easily we can be CHEATED out of the Truth of the Word of God if we simply study world philosophies and pick and choose "what works for us." It is NOT TRUTH!
HOW DEVIATION FROM TRUTH MANIFESTS OVER TIME
The seed of the idea developed by Madame Blavatsky in 1875 was further developed by another woman, Alice Ann Bailey (June 16, 1880ne 16, 1880
Izbrano poglavje ne obstaja!
WP-Bible plugin – December 15, 1949) was a writer of more than twenty-four books on theosophical subjects, and was one of the first writers to use the term New Age.
Most of us are familiar with the term "New Age Movement", but not necessarily where it has led. Alice, and her husband Foster Bailey, founded the "Lucifer Publishing Company." in 1922. 'Lucifer' and 'Lucis' come from the same word root, "lucis" is the Latin generative case meaning of "light". In 1925, and after much criticism with the obvious link to Satan through the name "Lucifer", the name was changed to "Lucis Publishing Company". Eventually, it was reorganized in the U.K. as the "Lucis Trust", which exists yet today.
The Lucis Trust is a nonprofit service organization which acts as a fiduciary trust for the publishing of Bailey's twenty-four original books of esoteric philosophy published under Alice Bailey's name, and to fund and administer activities concerned with the establishment of "right human relations". These include the Arcane School, which is a school for esoteric training, World Goodwill, Triangles, a lending library, The Beacon magazine, as well as the original publishing company.
In order to place a closer focus on the work of the United Nations (UN), the Lucis Trust has set up a blog called the World Goodwill at the UN, which focuses on defining new "Sustainable Development" goals for humanity after 2015 when the Millennium Development Goals expire.
One might ask "what does this have to do with me?"; or brush it off as "I've never heard of it, so it doesn't have anything to do with our lives today." But consider this:
At one time, the Lucis Trust office in New York was located at 666 (what a coincidence) United Nations Plaza located INSIDE the UN Building in New York City. It is also a member of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations under a slick program called "World Goodwill".
In an Alice Bailey book called "Education for a New Age"; she suggests that in the new age "World Citizenship should be the goal of the enlightened, with a world federation and a world brain." In other words – a One World Government New World Order.
The Lucis Trust is sponsored by among others Robert McNamara, former minister of Defense in the USA, president of the World Bank, member of the Rockefeller Foundation, and Thomas Watson (formerly with IBM and former ambassador in Moscow).
Luci's Trust sponsors among others the following organizations:
Greenpeace International
The United Nations has long been one of the foremost world harbingers for the "New Spirituality" and the gathering "New World Order" based on ancient occult and freemasonic principles.
This information presented here is but an extremely small part of how New Age philosophy, eastern religions and philosophies and even ancient philosophies have permeated the world and our society today. We see them in things like the "environmental movement", saving endangered species, and on and on. The idea behind conservation and preserving what God has created is not the issue nor a bad thing in itself, but when we adopt those positions as elevating them above God or replace God altogether with such beliefs and movements, we think we have become powerful when we have only really been "CHEATED" by these philosophies!
Let us take heed of Paul's warning "Beware lest anyone cheat you through philosophy and empty deceit, according to the tradition of men, according to the basic principles of the world, and not according to Christ."
We must keep our eyes on Jesus and the absolute TRUTH of the Word of God, let we so easily be swayed to drift into the philosophies of the world.
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September 4, 2014 Tom	Leave a comment
The Age of Reason
or the End of The Age?
By Tom Kendall
What a difference a decade makes. I was first introduced to the Georgia Guidestones in 1999 and began to research their background. In 2000, while driving home from a family vacation in Florida, we stopped in Elberton, Georgia for a first-hand, close-up look at the infamous "Georgia Guidestones".
They weren't easy to find because they are located in a remote field a few miles north of Elberton on Georgia State Road 77. I was surprised when we arrived that they were not only remote, but the site was desolate. We were the only people there. That gave us plenty of time to examine the structure up-close and personal and photograph the area. Many of those photographs are included in this document.
I wrote the original of this document in 2000 as a warning of what I believed was to come for the United States and the rest of the world. The forecast was based on Biblical Prophesy, the trends toward socialism, not only in other parts of the world, but also in the U.S., and the belief that what was engraved on these stones might be a glimpse of what many consider to be the "ten commandments of the antichrist". Needless to say, some people who read the original document thought it was ridiculous and it would never happen. Others thought I was just some sort of conspiracy nut, while some saw the similarities to Bible prophesy. Not many, however, as I have been over the years, are as convicted as I have been as to how these were the platitudes of what was yet to come.
Now, many years after first being introduced to the Georgia Guidestones, I can actually say that all ten of the statements engraved on these stones have now come about in the mainstream thinking of our government and our society in general. Frankly, although I believed it would happen, I didn't really think it would happen in my lifetime, but perhaps only in the lifetimes of my children and grandchildren.
The change we have experienced in this past decade will, in my opinion, continue to accelerate at an even greater rate over the next decade and beyond.
With this in mind, let us now take a closer look at the "Georgia Guidestones". Continue reading The Georgia Guidestones →
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Examining The Earth Charter
Examining The
Preamble of the
Tom Kendall
Few people in America are even aware of this document called the "Earth Charter". Its development and promotion have been no secret, but it has not been an issue covered in any depth or regularity by the mainstream media, and as a result, has gone unnoticed by our entire population. The exceptions might be people deeply involved in the "green" or "environmental" movement. Probably not their casual supporters, but in the leadership of those organizations.
The complete text of the Earth Charter can be found on their website at EarthCharter.org. This document, however, is focused on examining the meaning behind the words, the people who are behind the words and the document, and what their world view, perspective and goals may be. Let us begin. Continue reading Examining The Earth Charter →
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text:
Q: Translate mathematic formula to Javascript I have this formula:
f(x)=(x^0+x^0+x^1+x^101+x^2+x^202)^n

which is basically probabilities when rolling n dice with faces showing values:
{0,0,1,101,2,202}

How do I translate that to JavaScript?
I know I can do recursive function to get every single results and add them in an array of results, but anything over 9 dice becomes very long.
EDIT: Note that x is not a variable. It is some fancy mathematique symbol that represent I forgot what about probabilities.

A: The x in your question is a formal variable, and you're asking for a procedure to compute powers of formal polynomials in that variable. Here's a quick implementation. Warning: I haven't executed it, and in any case it lacks polish. But I hope you get the idea.
function polynomial_unit() {
  return [1]; // Represents 1 = 1x^0
}

function polynomial_mult(x, y) {
  var z = Array.apply(null, new Array((x.length + y.length - 1))).map(Number.prototype.valueOf,0);
  for(var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
    for(var j = 0; j < y.length; j++) {
      z[i+j] += x[i]*y[j];
    }
  }
  return z;
}

function generic_exp(base, exponent, mult, unit) {
  var t = unit;
  while (exponent > 1) {
    if (exponent%2 == 1) t = mult(t, base);
    base = mult(base, base);
    exponent = Math.floor(exponent/2);
  }
  return mult(t, base);
}

function Wildhorn(n) {
  var f = Array.apply(null, new Array(203)).map(Number.prototype.valueOf,0);
  f[0] = 2; f[1] = 1; f[2] = 1; f[101] = 1; f[202] = 1;
  return generic_exp(f, n, polynomial_mult, polynomial_unit());
}

A: There is a global object in Javascript called Math, which has mathematical functions. One of them is for exponation: Math.pow.
You use it like this:
Math.pow(base, exponent);

Example usage:
Math.pow(2, 4); // result == 16.

Hence, your function can be coded as:
function WildhornDice (n) {
    var x = someFancyMathematiqueSymbolThatRepresentIForgotWhat;

    var result = Math.pow(x, 0) + // this should always be 1, right
                 Math.pow(x, 0) + // again, but only because I saw it in the question
                 Math.pow(x, 1) + // which equals x as far as I know
                 Math.pow(x, 101) +
                 Math.pow(x, 2) +
                 Math.pow(x, 202);

    result = Math.pow(result, n);

    return result;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home > Books > Badminton > Chapter XV: The Woodmen of Arden
The Woodmen of Arden
By The Rev. W. K. R. Bedford
[ Chapter XIV: The Royal Toxophilite Society | Contents | Next ]
133. The Forest Hall
Click for a larger image
THE Woodmen of Arden of all societies has adhered most closely to the traditions of the archery of the Restoration. Up to the present moment the regulations of Finsbury Fields are perpetuated on the sward of the Forest of Arden. The Woodmen share with the Royal Scottish archers the exclusive distinction of shooting for their principal prizes at the statutory distances prescribed by the obsolete legislation of a period when the exigencies of warlike archery made it expedient that practice at lengths exceeding nine score yards should be Compulsory; and, with the exception of the John o' Gaunt Society, they are the only county archery club which has celebrated a centenary; never, in fact, during the 109 years of their existence having failed to hold a meeting or compete for the annual prizes. Several of the present members of the society remember shooting at the turf butts erected by the care of Secretary Digby in 1786 upon the Packington Outwoods --the ground leased to the Woodmen by Heneage Finch, fourth Earl of Aylesford, their founder and first warden-- wedge-shaped erections with 'crown-clods,' the semblance of one of which still adorns the card of the society, though the actual structures themselves, having fallen into disrepair, were taken down in 1852, and replaced by the moveable contrivances now in use as supports to the targets.
No doubt a higher antiquity has been claimed for the society, as has been the case with other ancient institutions, than in all probability it can legitimately boast. The Warwick-shire gentlemen who met at the Bull's Head Inn, Meriden, in November 1785, professed to revive certain ancient meetings of Woodmen of the Forest of Arden, but that they could trace any direct descent from the verdurers of the Forest, of whose mythical prowess- 'clapping into the clout at six hundred yards' Dr. Dasent speaks in his 'Annals of an Eventful Life,' or even from the county heroes who figure in the animated description of the shooting match with which Mr. Gresley opens his historical romance of the Forest of Arden, is more than dubious. It appears from Mr. Digby's diary that 'Paradise,' the recreation-ground, as nowadays it would be called, of the village of Meriden, had no butts when the society was formed; and we may with greater probability conjecture that the revival which Sir Ashton Lever and the other founders of the Royal Toxophilite Society had set going had infected the gentle-men of Warwickshire than that any lingering tradition of local archery inspired them with an ambition to continue it.
Be this as it may, Heneage Finch, fourth Earl of Aylesford, a man of many accomplishments, and of mental as well as physical vigour, diligently promoted the well-being of the archery club of which he was the founder, and on its inception was elected first warden. In conjunction with an Italian artist, Bonomi, he arranged the well-proportioned room which forms the older portion of the deforest Hall, an oblong octagon, in a recess at one end of which is a fine bust by Banks, representing the Lord Warden in the act of drawing his bow Round the walls are arranged fifty aschams for the bows, &c. Of as many shooting members, the door of each being distinguished by the owner's crest or arrow-mark. These marks are emblazoned on the parchment roll of the society, which, with its 460 names from 1785 to 1885, is a most interesting relic of past archery. On the upper part of the walls of the hall are tablets recording the names of the winners of prizes from 1785 to 1885, and certain trophies of Oriental and African bows, arrows, &c., presented by former members, as well as an interesting old curved horn, covered with leather, supposed to be an old English bugle horn deprived of its mounts. The winners since 1885 have their names recorded on a tablet in the adjacent and larger hall into which the folding-doors at the lower end of the old apartment open, this having been erected in 1845 as a dining-room and ball-room for use on the ladies' days. Prior to this the ladies had gone to dinner to the inn in the village, where tradition asserts that they were allowed a pint of port wine apiece, as well as two gentlemen to carve for them!
At the end of the new hall is a bust by Nollekens of Mr. Wriothesly Digby, the first secretary of the society. On this gentleman's resignation in 1826 the Rev. J. Coker Adams was elected: a most felicitous choice, as he combined excellent bowmanry with good business capacity and happy social gifts. He died in 1851; the late Earl of Dartmouth then filled his place, and ten years later he was succeeded by Colonel Frederick Granville, who in 1871 gave way to the Rev. E. J. Howman, to whom, on his leaving the county five years afterwards, the Rev. E. A. Waller, the present holder of the post, succeeded.
The rules and orders of the newly-organised society were signed on August 30, 1786, by forty-four Woodmen present at the Wardmote, for thus it was resolved their regular meetings should be styled; the order of precedence at the target being the warden, the master forester (first gold at the annual target), the secretary, and the senior verdurer (second gold), for which distinctions gold and silver medals were presented in 1789 by William Palmer. No member ranks as verdurer of the Forest until he has hit the gold or made a clout at one of the regular meetings of the society.
In 1788 the number of members was limited to seventy-five, increased in 1815 to eighty; and there can be little doubt of the favourable effect of this resolution upon the prosperity of the society. It caused it to be regarded in some measure as a county club to which it was an honour and a duty for Warwickshire gentlemen to belong, whether archers or not; so that almost every family of distinction in the county has had representatives upon the roll, in many eases to the third or fourth generation. the present senior Woodman is Lord Norton, whose grandfather's name occurs fifteenth upon the list in 1786.
The most distinguished name upon the list of former members is that of the second Sir Robert Peel, the Prime Minister, who in 1835 was elected without a vacancy, the limitation rule being relaxed in his favour. He thus became the eighty-first member, and at his death his place was not filled up. A characteristic anecdote is current that Sir Robert visited the Forest Hall during his premiership, and, his health having been drunk by the Woodmen present, the secretary fined them all, himself included, for joining in a toast to a Woodman 'who held no office, and had obtained no honour,' while, sad to say, Sir Robert Peel himself was also fined for acknowledging an irregular toast.
In 1787 the warden presented a very massive and handsome silver bugle, which it was determined should be shot for at a distance not shorter than nine score yards, nor greater than twelve score, to be drawn by lot. In 1788 the Countess of Aylesford presented a silver arrow, which it was resolved to shoot for always at nine score. - In 1818 Mr. Digby presented a gold medal, Optime merenti, for the greatest number of hits at 100 yards during the August meeting, and a silver medal, Bene merenti, for the second best. In 1856 the Rev. Egerton Bagot presented seven silver medals for best golds at June and July meetings; and in 1864 Heneage Finch, sixth Earl of Aylesford, presented a gold medal for the greatest number of golds in the August week, a hit in the clout being reckoned as a gold. In 1887 the Royal Scottish Archers presented a silver bowl as a challenge-prize for clout-shooting, and it is competed for by points at nine and ten score, a medal struck by the society being worn by the holder.
In lieu of an historical chronicle, which, in the case of an institution depending so largely upon its social character, and from its constitution kept aloof from the waves of change which have affected so many of the other archery gatherings, must of necessity be somewhat meagre of incident, perhaps it will be better at once to describe the mode in which these various competitions are carried out, and the results obtained by the successful contestants. With reference to the 100 yards prizes, therefore, it is a necessary preliminary to observe that the target and the order of shooting differ from the ordinary use. The target, affixed to a canvas-covered butt at a height of eighteen inches only from the ground, is three and three-quarter inches less in diameter than the ordinary one, which, with the exception of an inner white circle instead of blue, it otherwise resembles, and the mode of scoring is against the shooter, i.e. if the arrow breaks the line which divides two circles, the lower one has to be reckoned. The shooters, who only discharge two arrows at an end, do so in pairs, alternately, the leader having shot his first arrow filing off to the left, and his partner (in Forest parlance his 'butty ') taking his place.
Should there be at any target an uneven number, then, of the trio who come last, A advances and shoots, then B. then A again, and C, B. C in turn. The marker, stationed near the target, signals each arrow with a napkin on a short staff. This he waves backwards for over arrows, droops forward for short ones, extends his arms for wide shots, and points with derision at a 'butt or spoon' (sarcasm intensified when the unlucky arrow is nine-tenths in the outer white, so that a prolonged scrutiny is required before the fiat is given). For the outer white four distinct flaps of the flag are the signal, three for the black, two for the inner white; a hit in the scarlet elicits a brisk shake of the napkin, knee high; for the gold, a dance of triumph and the removal of the gold-laced hat, which, with the green coat and white waistcoat, breeches, and stockings, perpetuates the old uniform of the society in the costume of the markers. On the conclusion of the 'end,' two clerks come forward, and while one registers each hit by his acquaintance with the mark indicating the ownership of the arrow, the other places upon the nook a small ring of coloured bone, which as the successful archer draws his shaft he pockets as a tally against his score, the shooting members being paid for their hits by a tariff beginning with sixpence for the outer white, and rising to half a crown for the gold. At one time the members of affiliated societies shared in the rewards, and paid their own expenses for dinner, &c. ; but in 1850 a resolution was proposed which from that time put them on the footing of other guests. In the early years of the society visits from members of the Royal Toxophilites, the Kentish Bowmen, and Broughton Archers were not infrequent; and, later on, Mr. Horace Ford and Major Hawkins Fisher have both been guests of the Woodmen, the contest between the latter and Mr. Nesham for the Jubilee prize in 1885 being a very remarkable one: a tie, both in hits and score, won by Mr. Nesham with four hits to three. The competition for the captaincy of numbers, which is decided by hits only, is not limited to a certain number of arrows, but by the time available; consequently, the winner's score varies from year to year with the weather and other disturbing causes, but the average number of arrows shot in the thirty years from 1855 to 1884 has been 272, while the winner's hits for the same period have averaged ninety-four. This, with due allowance for the smaller target, is a trifle better than the 100 yards average of the second five at the National Meeting during the same period. In 1861 Mr. F. Townsend in 268 arrows made 130 hits, and the next year 114 hits in 232, besides winning at the clouts both arrow and bugle, the arrow by four ends out of nine, two of which were hits in the clout, the latter by five ends out of nine, one being a clout. The late Mr. Coker Beck, who in 1891 completed a half-century of prize-taking at the hundred yards, claimed as his best score sixty-nine hits with a score of 313 out of 152 arrows; while Mr. Townsend in 150 arrows made seventy-nine hits with a score of 319 in National reckoning. Since the institution of the captain's medal in 1818 it has been held by twenty Woodmen. Mr. Coker Adams obtained it seventeen times; Mr. Coker Beck sixteen; Messrs. F. Townsend, H. Skipwith, H. Howman, and C. H. Inge five times each; Mr. Charles Finch four times; the fifth Earl of Aylesford, Mr. Robert Garnett, Colonel Granville, and Mr. E. J. Howman each held it twice; and nine other Woodmen once viz. Messrs. C. Palmer, R. Gresley, W. Lillingston, W. H. Burroughs, W. Staunton, Bernard Granville, W. K. R. Bedford, E. A. Walter, and W. S. Miller. The warden's medal for most golds has not produced anything very brilliant, Mr. Beck's nine golds and a clout in 1869 being the best.
The contests for the arrow and bugle only differ in respect of distance; the former being always 180 yards, the latter occasionally 240. The order of shooting is as at the target, the archers pairing off and delivering their arrows alternately, and the marker, as at the 100 yards, standing close to the left of the clout, a black-centred white target of two feet six inches in diameter, placed at an angle of about sixty degrees. Watching the arrow as it leaves the bow, he will stand his ground with marvellous firmness, and he then exercises his judgment in the mark which he accords; having first signalled short, over, or wide, each flap of his flag means a bow's length from the clout, four bows being the extreme distance marked. For half a bow he lays his napkin over his left arm, a 'foot' is indicated by striking his foot, 'thumbs' by the hands united over the head, and a clout sends him on his back as if shot. He indicates the first or nearest arrow by a flourish above the head, and the second by one knee high.
134. '12 score'
Marking at the clouts is a work of some danger, and the difficulty of obtaining men competent to undertake it forms one of the drawbacks to clout-shooting, as, without a marker, much of the value of practice is lost. In 1841 a marker was hit on the Meriden ground, and again in 1889 a similar casualty occurred; since which time shelters, like those in use in Edinburgh, have been provided for the markers. In a book which gives an excellent picture of the social amenities of Meriden --Colonel Ewart's 'Soldier's Life'-- he speaks of a gentleman, who had pulled up in his gig in the high road to watch the shooting, receiving a stray arrow in his arm. A little inquiry, however, brought the true state of the case to light. A right of road to a farm crosses the lower portion of the ground, and more than fifty years ago the tenant sometimes drew up his gig immediately behind the clout, rather to the annoyance of the shooters, one of whom let fly at him, and, though full three hundred yards away, actually grazed his arm. But a marker must have perfect sight and a clear horizon, as well as experience, to mark to a shooter with a low trajectory.[1]


Today's learner is swimming in a vast sea of information. They're inundated with data coming from various places. According to times.com, people between the ages of 18 and 24 look at their phones with an average of 74 checks per day. There's no denying that today's students are true multitaskers. They have the ability to listen to music, watch their favorite show, stay connected with friends via IM, and study all at the same time.
I recently read an interesting article that classified today's student as "modern distracted learners." I think we can all agree today's modern learner processes information in a different manner. In today's age students become easily distracted, lose focus, and/or completely disconnect from the traditional class setting.
In this age of technology and distractions, how do we keep today's learners engaged? The answer is quite simple, by serving up some bite-sized learning, that's how! Bite-sized learning focuses on presenting small chunks of information. These small bite-size blasts of information keep students engaged. After the student receives these small chunks of content they can then digest the information and practice the material/skill they have just learned. This approach to learning is a perfect match for today's information-rich lifestyles.
So, move over lengthy lectures or long, boring reading assignments and say hello to bite-sized nuggets of content. Try serving up some bite-sized learning in the classroom by dividing up reading assignments to only a few paragraphs at a time. Then, direct your students to try on the material by engaging in an activity like watching a video related to the subject, partaking in a juicy group discussion with their classmates, performing a hands-on classroom activity, or even a quick self-assessment.
By incorporating these bite-sized lessons into your curriculum you will be serving up the right size for today's learners.


Courier services are now being indispensable in todays time considering that individuals are often sending items, packages, cash and documents etcfrom one particular place to yet another. The fastest transporting of documents and things locally or internationally makes courier services inevitable portion in expert or individual life.
There are lots of courier service providers amongst which DHL is a marketplace leader all more than the globe. The maximum service points of DHL keep open even on weekends too, which differentiate it with all other courier service providers. DHL courier delivers 24 hour courier services simultaneously with on-line quotes for consumer assistance.
Firms all across the globe are using courier services in order to maintain smooth functioning with their suppliers and consumers. Timely Delivery of items is fairly necessary to built relations and trust with the buyers. And if your service provider is like DHL courier you will be positive that your product will delivered to the location on time. Additionally it is in secured hands till its deliverance. You will be updated time to time via their sturdy internet tracking program.
There are lots of world wide web based companies which hold large account with most crucial deliverance organizations like DHL courier. They are running a comprehensive approach in order to book your parcel and then pass it on to respected national or international courier organizations.
This way of finding booked on-line will worth less costly to customers rather than going direct to the renowned essential player like DHL courier. These on the web firms are finding handsome discounts for booking on the internet parcels. This alternative saves time for their respected buyers to a excellent extent, as one particular require not to go to the DHL booking centre. They can come to your residence or any other wish place chosen by you to gather your parcel or document.
Competition amongst the virtual based companies has led to reduce the rates for the customers in order to remain in the marketplace. Just due to the fact of this firms are far more readily offered to give greatest service at minimum possible rates.
Therefore world wide web technology has been creating the job a lot less complicated for courier seekers. Now they are just few clicks away from their service provider who can gather and delivered their parcel safely.


The Cadillac line has existed for two decades. Right now, the line has produced four generations. The fifth production, the 2020 Cadillac Escalade, will soon be published. If you are a fan of Cadillac, here we have something interesting to you personally. We will let you know about the soon-to-be-released Cadillac design, equipment, release date, and price.
Let'beginsin with the New design. Because of the outside appearance, the next generation Cadillac Escalade will likely to get a similar appearance to its own predecessor. This means it'll have a stylish yet bold appearance. Its front part will have well-designed headlamps with large chrome grille.
For the interior, it is going to soon be a broad one. Together with its three rows of seating with standard leather upholstery, then the new Cadillac should have the ability to accommodate up to 8 passengers. The third and second row may be folded, freeing more space if needed.
What about the engine? The brand new Cadillac has to include exactly the same engine as its predecessor, and that's to say this will have a 6.2-liter, v 8 engine paired with a 10-speed automated transmission gearbox because of its base model. The engine is capable of creating to 420 horsepower with 460 lbs-ft torque. It is going to available with electrical drive and rear-wheel drive configurations. Concerning fuel efficiency, the rear-wheel drive model will have 14/23 mpg, while the all-wheel-drive model will have 14/21 mpg.
There's also a rumor the upcoming Cadillac will also be available with another engine alternative. Supposedly, a 4.0-liter, v 8 engine paired with a 10-speed automated transmission gearbox with both all-wheel and rear-wheel drive configurations will soon be available. Regrettably, there's no additional information about the operation of this particular engine.
There's absolutely no exact date of the 2020 Cadillac Escalade release date however it'll soon be published in the next half of this season. The fantastic news is the fact that it's possible that the release may happen sooner.
As for the purchase price tag on the fifth generation Escalade, there are no official details about it yet. We expect the price to begin around $75,000 for its base model, $99,000 for its best-equipped model and over $100,000 for its model with a new engine.
Up to now, these are what we understand about the New Cadillac Escalade. The soon-to-be-released Cadillac will not differ considerably from its disposition. Nevertheless, you could expect some new engines and novelties from the new model. What do you think?