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2017 INDEX
Math Poetry: In this math exploration, Rhea L. ('18) uses poetry to describe math concepts.
Polar Coordinate Art: In this math exploration, Max M. ('18) investigates the artistic capabilities of polar coordinates.
Aw, Sheep!: During Packer symposium 2017, Lucy S. ('18), Justin H. ('17), Jordan T. ('17), and Hage P. ('17) spent 2 weeks of exploring the intersections between math and board-game design. In the end they created a fun board-game called Aw Sheep! The rules are outlined here along with a print-and-play version of their game.
Sculpture: In his sculpture class, Arch Latham ('18) fuses math with art.
Historical and Current Explanation
How has the role of guards, forwards, and center evolved in the NBA since the 1950s?: In this lab report, Dylan P. ('17) discusses how the role of guards, forwards, and centers has evolved in the NBA since the 1950's.
The Deconstruction of Gender Bias Through Discussions of Biology: In this paper, Ellie S. ('17) discusses how biology influences gender biases.
The Effect of Religious Justification and Female Anatomy on the Woman: In this paper, Harry S. ('17) discusses the oppression of women through anatomy and religious justification throughout history.
Inherent Gender Bias: A Literature Review: In this review of literature, Lucy F. ('17) analyzes several pieces about biology and gender biases.
Mathematical and Scientific Explorations
Harry Potter Quiz: In her Computer Science class, Diana S. ('17) created a quiz that tests your knowledge of the Harry Potter series.
Transforming Lead into Gold: Yasemin Cag ('19) explores early Alchemists', seemingly futile, belief that lead can be turned into gold and reveals a new twist to the myth due to modern day technology and science.
The Professional Synthesis of Aspirin: In this lab, Wiley T. ('18), Liam D. ('18), and Liam S. ('18) created their own version of Aspirin.
An Explanation of the Chemistry Behind Pound Cake: In this exploration of Pound Cake, Zamien Allard ('19) discusses the chemistry behind the light and flavorful texture.
Hangman: In her AT Computer Science class, Alex C. ('17) coded a Hangman game.
Prohibited Scientific Terms: In this piece, Archie Caride ('19) compellingly explains why certain terms like "fact", "true", "proven", and "guess" should not be used in scientific communities.
Identifying Six Compounds: In this lab report, Noah S. ('17) identifies six different unknown compounds using five different tests and reactions.
Hackintosh, A Computer Built from Scratch: In this Computer Science exploration, the Packer Bytes club, led by Andrew E. ('18), Dino M. ('17), Rob V. ('17) and Nate A. ('17), built a computer from scratch.
Ms. Melady's Second grade Science Class: In overview, the second grade's science class activities surrounding bugs, specifically Beetles are described.
The Mystery of Prime Numbers: For her Mathematical Applications course, Rhea Lieber ('18) explores prime number through activities in her classes and the book, Math Girls.
Puppies Science Class Explorations: In this overview, the Packer Puppies explore magnets, bubbles and more in their science class.
Chlorofluorocarbons and the Difficulty of Producing Safe Replacements: Liam S. ('18) wrote this piece for his Organic Chemistry class where they studied the environmental impacts of chlorofluorocarbons.
Why Everyone Should Learn About Electromagnetic Waves: In this piece, Will Landau ('19) talks about why electromagnetic waves are important and ways to get America's youth engaged in science.
Seeing Color: For her tenth grade accelerated chemistry course, Alex Leon ('19) explores why and how humans see color.
Capillary Attraction: In this piece Caroline Arena ('19) explores the forces involved in capillary attraction.
PCI App: In this picture of code, Andrew E. ('18), Rob V. ('17), Eon J. ('17) and Nate A. ('17) created an app for Packer that has many convenient utilities for students and faculty.
Effects of the Concentration of Sodium Bicarbonate on the Efficacy of the Process of Photosynthesis: Victor Akujobi's ('17) lab report explores carbon's incredibly important role in photosynthesis which is especially important considering the current environmental impacts on carbon dioxide.
The Effect of Salinity on the Hatching Viability of Artemia Salina and Artemia Franciscana (Brine Shrimp): In this lab report, Victor A. ('17) discusses the effects of salinity on the hatching of Brine Shrimp.
Comparing Mitochondrial DNA to Analyze Evolutionary Theories: In this lab, Ellie S. ('17) analyzed her own Mitochondrial DNA to analyze Evolutionary Theories.
A Visualization of Factors, Multiples, and Primes: Taiki Chung ('18) explores mathematical graphs by studying the sine curve to understand multiples, factors, prime numbers, and squares.
Mathematical Education and Exploration in the Shen Gallery: Isobel M. ('17) wrote this piece for The Prism in response to a mathematical exhibit that was displayed in the Shen Gallery.
Rising Popularity of Computer-Science and Packer's Computer Science Curriculum: Nick Coleman & Anya Fonstein ('19) wrote this piece for The Prism on the popularity of the Computer Science program at Packer.
Establishing the Oxidation State of Copper: Lia D. ('17) wrote this lab report for her AT Chemistry class in which she experimented with copper.
The Fat Fight: Lucy Simon ('17) wrote this paper on triglyceride (fats) for her Organic Chemistry class.
Identifying Unknown Organic Compounds: In this lab, Reese K. ('18) uses polarimetry to find the specific rotation of six organic compounds and, by comparing this data, identifies one unknown compound.
The Formula Unit: In this piece, Genesis Andrade ('19) explains the often confusing differences between molecules, atoms, and the formula unit.
"The Indian Clerk" Book Review: Liney Kindler ('17) reviews "The Indian Clerk" by David Leavitt in this insightful review that explores the ability of Leavitt's novel to paint mathematics and human relationships in an entirely new light.
Reaction to Lesely Dean Jone's The Cultural Construct of the Female Body in Classical Greek Science: In this paper, Henry M. ('17) analyses Lesley Dean-Jones' article, The Cultural Construct of the Female Body in Classical Greek Science.
Exploration of Infinity: In this math exploration, Julien S. ('18) reflects on his newfound knowledge about infinity.
Smuggling and Black Market Trading of CFCs: In her Organic Chemistry class, Eve Berrie ('18) looked at the negative effects of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the environment.
Pascal's Tetrahedron: In this math exploration, Sam. K ('17) discusses the properties of Pascal's Triangle.
What Scientific Term or Concept Ought to be More Widely Known? - The Law of Conservation of Mass: In this paper, Saskia Grisaru ('19) explains the essential concept of The Law of the Conservation of Mass and how this scientific concept plays out in the real world.
Barbie Takes on STEM: In this article, Rebecca Horwitz ('18) and Hawthorne Ripley ('18) criticize Mattel's new STEM focused Barbie doll and discuss its effects on young girls.
The Cross-Link between Health and Beauty: Lia D. ('17) wrote this research paper for her Organic Chemistry class on isoprenes.
Good Eats: Blueberries: In this exploration, Jing Jing K. ('19) explores the chemistry and recipes with blueberries.
Good Eats: Marshmallow Chemistry: In this exploration, Sophia P. ('19) explores the chemistry as well as the recipe of marshmallows.
Water: We can't live without it: In this review of Good Eats, Nick Robinson ('19) discusses the chemical and biological effects of polluted water.
What Scientific Term or Concept Ought to be More Widely Known? - Electromagnetic Spectrum: In this piece for his tenth grade Advanced Chemistry class, Jack Howard ('19) explains the electromagnetic spectrum, a concept he believes should be more widely known.
What Scientific Term or Concept Ought to be More Widely Known? - Scientific Bias: In this piece Joe Petrini ('19) explains the concept of scientific bias and connects it to a wider idea of social awareness and accountability in the current political climate.
What Scientific Term Ought to be More Widely Known? - Isotopes: In this piece for his sophomore chemistry class, Kai Cedeño ('18) explores isotopes and their many useful roles in the world.
What Scientific Term or Concept Ought to be More Widely Known? - Specific Heat Capacity: In this piece Luca Conetta ('19) explains the everyday uses of the concept, Specific Heat Capacity.
What Scientific Term or Concept Ought to be More widely known? - The importance of Measurements: In this piece, Hannah Goncher ('19) explains the origin and importance of measurements and scientific units in the scientific, and greater, world.
Phylogenetic Position of Taeniolabis taoensis and Pantolestes natans and their Roles in Diversification of Mammals: In this lab, Shivam Khatri ('17) and Katherine Turchin attempted to map the characteristics of Taeniolabis taoensis and Pantolestes natans to create a more complete map of the mammalian tree of life.
Detecting memory-associated modifications in the hippocampus: Victor A. ('17) describes his research on memory storage conducted at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center.
Determining the effects of potential Prader-Willi Syndrome drug treatments on PC1 gene expression in neuronal-2a cells: Gabriela H. ('17) describes her research on the Prader-Willi Syndrome conducted at the Columbia University Research Center.
Evaluation of Calpain Inhibitor III as a Therapeutic Intervention for Traumatic Brain Injury: Will S. ('17) describes his research on Traumatic Brain Injury conducted at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center.
Stairway to Heaven: Examining Walking Legs in Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in Climbing Down Uniform Steps: Ned E. ('17) describes his research on Crayfish conducted at Brooklyn College.
Determining the effects of glycan-unmasked strains of H5N1 and H1N1 influenza A viruses on the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies against divergent strains: Blake M. ('17) describes his research on the Influenza A virus conducted at the Mount Sinai Hospital.
Analyzing peak runoff dates and main drivers behind snow drought in the western United States: Ian Russell ('17) describes his research at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
Design and development of an open source platform for unmanned vertical takeoff and landing aircraft research: Jasper Covey ('18) describes his research conducted at the NYU Tandon School of Engineering.
Novel Approach to Recognize Light Scattering Patterns from Holographic Video Microscopy Using Neural Networks: Aidan A. ('18) wrote this proposal for his Science Research class that uses neural networks to look at light patterns from Holographic Video Microscopy.
Spatial Learning in Axolotls Based on Visual Cues: Eleanor O. ('17) describes her research conducted at Brooklyn College.
An analysis of anti-icing coating longevity for use on airplanes: Jojo Aboaf ('18) created this project proposal for his Scientific Research class that explores the anti-icing coating used on airplanes to look into the environmental impact of such practices.
Gender's effect on the aggressive behavior of dominant Astatotilapia burtoni given chronic Fluoxetine Exposure: Audrey A. ('18) wrote this project proposal for her Science Research class that outlines her lab on gender's effect on the behavior of Astatotilapia burtoni due to fluoxetine exposure.
Optimizing and Identifying Losses Within Transformer Tanks: Asher M. ('17) describes his research conducted at the NYU Tendon School of Engineering on transformer losses.
Application of Aluminum Alloy Syntactic Foams with Silicon Carbide Microspheres in Commercial Track Spikes: Archibald L. ('18) created this project proposal for research that he will conduct at the NYU Tandon School of Engineering.
Determining the effect of choline supplementation and assessing the correlation of sex on murine fetal development: Kali Blain ('18) wrote this project proposal for research that she will conduct at Brooklyn College.
Using Robotics to Model Simple Organism Behavior in Response to Stimuli: Nigel Jaffe ('18) used robots to model organism behaviors in this lab report for his Scientific Research class where he worked in a lab at New York University.
Assessment of Cumulative Wind Forces on High Rise Buildings: Orlando G. ('18) wrote this project proposal for research that he will conduct at the City College of New York.
Determining specific protein involvement in the B act to B* transition of the yeast spliceosome: Ethan H. ('18) wrote this project proposal for research that he will conduct at Hunter College.
Overexpression of RANK in INS1 Cells Using Adenoviral Infection: Sarah D. ('18) wrote this project proposal for research that he will conduct at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Birdcast Analysis Project: Connor M. ('18) wrote this project proposal for research that he will conduct at Cornell University.
Tracking memory-induced changes in the CA1 region of the hippocampal network to compare the extent of its role across spatial memory tasks: Hawthorne R. ('18) describes her research conducted at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center on spatial memory in mice.
Finding the Chemotactic Index, Directionality, and Velocity in PkcA Inhibited Cells in Dictyostelium discoideum: Isabella J. ('18) wrote this project proposal for research that she will conduct at Hunter College.
The Gut-Brain Axis and Its Relation to Anxiety-like Disorders and Depression: In this scientific research paper, Shivam K. ('17) discusses the relationship between the gut brain axis and anxiety-like disorders and depression.

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Home / Bible Questions / History of the English Bible
History of the English Bible
How did we get our English version of the Bible and how accurate is it?
What is the difference between the Catholic and Protestant versions?
When were the Apocrypha removed from the Protestant version of the Bible?
How many people worked on the King James Version, the most widely used Protestant version today? How long did it take?
What a fascinating history the English Bible has including martyrs, translations by Kings and poets and a search for the definitive translation that would confirm "truth." Here's a short, concise history of the English Bible from the earliest times to the late 1800's and early 1900's.
443 BC Completion of all the books of the original Hebrew manuscripts that make up the 39 books of the Old Testament
200 BC Completion of the Septuagint Greek Manuscripts that contain the translation of the 39 books of the Old Testament and the 14 books of the Apocrypha.
60 AD Completion of the Greek manuscripts that make up the 27 books of the New Testament
90-95 AD Council of Jamnia, a Jewish council, met to revise the Books of the Canon (or the Old Testament as it is known to Christians.) These were the criteria:
The books had to conform to the Pentateuch (the first five books).
The books had to be written in Hebrew.
The books had to be written in Palestine.
The books had to be written before 400 B.C..
One result is the removal of the 14 books known as the Apocrypha.
360 AD Laodocia Council meets to decide which books and writings will be accepted as Holy Scripture. The Greek Septuagint is accepted for the Old Testament. Criteria for the New Testament writings include that they must be written by an Apostle or during the time of the Apostles, that they must support true doctrine and must have wide spread usage. Thus, even though the Shepherd of Hermas, the First Letter of Clement, and the Didache may have been widely used and contain true doctrines. They were not canonical because they were not apostolic nor connected to the apostolic age, or they were local writings without support in many areas.
390 AD Jerome's Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible is produced and in wide circulation. It includes all 80 books including the Apocrypha. It is used in Celtic monasteries in Britain. During this period the British within the Roman Empire use Latin as the official language
Historical Background: 5th – 6th Century: Germanic peoples who came to Britain bring their dialects of which Saxon becomes standard Old English. Because of this, a need for an English version of the scriptures arises.
7th Century: Herdsman Caedmon, spoken of by Bede, the learned monk of Jarrow, sings the themes of the Bible in English. This becomes a common method for presenting scriptural themes in English.
640 AD to 735 AD Aldheim is credited with translating the whole Bible into English while Bede was still working on completing his translation when he died. The translations of these times are based on translations of the Latin Vulgate version rather than translations of the original Hebrew and Greek versions.
1384 John Wycliffe finishes the first translation of the entire Bible into English. His version and copies of it are handwritten.
1408 Synod of Oxford tries to suppress the Wycliffe Bible with little success.
1455 Gutenberg invents the printing press making it possible to mass produce books. The first book printed is Gutenberg's Bible in Latin.
Historical Background: Reformation
A revolution in western thinking followed the midpoint of the 15th century A.D. The Renaissance opened up the treasures of both classical and patristic learning in a new way. It also revived interest in the study of both Greek and Hebrew that made possible the study of the Bible in the original languages. This new interest in original editions stimulated textual research and also evidenced the corruption and ignorance of the contemporary church anew. The Renaissance created new opportunities for humanist scholars such as Erasmus of Rotterdam, who sought to make the Bible available to people of all ages, social levels, and countries.
More radical in outlook than Renaissance humanists were the Reformers, who measured the teaching and practice of the contemporary church by the standards of scripture. The Reformers were horrified by the obvious discrepancies. There soon emerged a mission to discover the pure biblical message and to reconstruct both the teaching and practice of the church. The Reformers became deeply convinced that it was both reasonable and necessary to circulate God's word to purify the church from ignorance and destructive practices. (from http://davidsonpress.com)
1525 William Tyndale's New Testament is completed. His translation is based on the Latin Vulgate, Erasmus Greek and the original Greek manuscripts. His wording and sentence structures are found in most modern day translations of the Bible.
Tyndale was committed to taking the Bible directly to the people. Expressing open defiance of the Pope, Tyndale said that if God would spare his life he would make it possible for even a ploughboy to know more about Holy Scripture than the Pope himself. By August of 1525, his translation of the New Testament was complete. Printing began at Cologne, but when the authorities forbade the project, Tyndale escaped to Worms, where 6,000 copies were printed and sold in England by April of 1526. The official opposition in England led to the destruction of most of these early copies.
Tyndale's English work is similar to that of Martin Luther. Although he used Luther's German translation, Tyndale also drew upon the Latin Vulgate as well as Erasmus' Greek text. Ninety percent of the New Testament in the King James Version (KJV) is Tyndale's translation. By the same token, where the KJV departed from Tyndale's wording, the English Revised Version (ERV) of 1881 went back to it. Without question, this first printed English New Testament is the basis of all future works in translation.
1536 Tyndale executed. Tyndale did not live to complete his Old Testament translation. On May 21, 1535, he was arrested and later executed for heresy at Vilvorde, Belgium, on October 6, 1536. His dying prayer was that the Lord would open the eyes of the King of England. He left behind a manuscript containing the translation of the historical books from Joshua to 2 Chronicles that was finally published in 1537.
1535 Myles Coverdale, a student of Tyndale's, produces a Bible. It includes 80 books (The 39 Old Testament, 27 New Testament and 14 Apochrypha) His version uses the translations Tyndale was able to complete. Coverdale finished translating the rest of the Bible but not being a Hebrew or Greek scholar his portions are based on intermediate Latin and German translations rather than the original Greek and Hebrew.
1537 Matthews Bible printed. Matthews Bible is really Tyndale's translation supplemented by Coverdale's translation. Henry VIII through the efforts of Archbishop Crammer and Thomas Cromwell gave permission for this English version of the Bible to be bought and sold throughout Britain.
Historical Background Leading to King James (Protestant) and Rheims-Douay (Catholic) Bibles: It is during this time that the Protestant Reformers gain political power in England with the breakoff from the Catholic Church by Henry VIII. The various Bible translations that follow are dependent upon the rise and fall of Protestant power. Mary Tudor is Catholic and during her time no new translations are permitted. Elizabeth is Protestant. Mary Stuart, never allowed to reign, is Catholic. Her son James who became King James I of England and King James VI of Scotland was raised in England by Elizabeth as a Protestant upon Mary Stuart's abdication of the crown of Scotland when James was one year of age.
1539 The Great Bible is called that because of it's size but it is basically Matthews Bible and was authorized for public use. It contains 80 books including the Apochrypha as an appendix.
1546 Council of Trent is called to answer the accusations of corruption and apostasy in the Catholic Church by the Protestant Reformers. The Council meets over a 27 year period. One of the results is that Jerome's Latin Vulgate version of the Bible is held to be the official version of the Bible accepted by the Catholic Church.
1560 The Geneva Bible is printed. Verses are added for the first time in this edition. It is also the first translation of the Bible based entirely on the original Hebrew and Greek. It was translated by exiles from England living in Geneva during the Catholic Mary Tudor's reign. The majority of the translation is attributed to William Whittington a relative of John Calvin.
1568 Bishops Bible produced. Because there was no "official" version of the Bible in England at this time, the Archbishop of Canterbury suggested the Geneva Bible be revised by the Bishop's to be used by all the churches. This is the version known as The Bishop's Bible
1609 Rheims-Douay Bible is the First Complete English Catholic Bible. Called Rheims – Douay because the New Testament portion was first completed in Rheims France in 1582 followed by the Old Testament finished in 1609 in Douay. In this version the 14 books of the Apochrypha are returned to the Bible in the order written rather than kept separate in an appendix.
1611 King James Version. The stated purpose of the King James translation was ""not to make a bad version good, but to make a good one better, or out of many good ones one principal good one." It is primarily a re-translation of the Bishop's Bible. 54 men were called to work on translation (47 actually participated) using all the widely accepted versions up to then including Bishop's, Geneva, Matthews, Coverdale and Tyndale translation as well as looking at original manuscripts. All available copies of the original manuscripts are brought in. It is found that the Hebrew manuscripts are virtually identical while there is wide variations in the Greek manuscripts as they have been hand copied and handed down. The 47 men work as teams checking each other's work. It was printed originally with all 80 books including the Apochrypha again as a separate section.
1613-1901: At that time until today translations have continued as translators gained a better understanding of the Hebrew language and the Greek writers. 300 corrections were made in the 1613 version of the King James Version. In the 18th century Bishop Challoner made revisions to the Rheims-Douay Bible removing some Latin terms and adding the use of King James translation in some areas.
The Apochrypha were removed in 1885 from King James Versions when the English Revised Version was printed and in 1901 when the American Standard Version was printed.
What are the Apochrypha? Why are the Catholic and Protestant Bibles different?
Are there any historical proofs of the Bible?
King James Bible Facts and Statistics
Previous post: Are the books of the Bible in the order they were written? Did John really write John 1 and 2 after Revelation?
Next post: Why doesn't the Bible mention the Dinosaurs?
5 thoughts on "History of the English Bible"
There are not 14 apocryphal books in the Catholic Bible. We have 7 Deuterocanonical books that were removed by the Protestants. We also have the last chapter of Daniel and more verses in Esther that were removed in Protestant Bibles. Please don't say that there are 14 when there are 7 books that are different. Even taking into account the differences in Daniel and Esther, that would only make 9 differences in books. Thanks.
BTW, the books that are Deuterocanonical are Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Baruch, Sirach, and 1 & 2 Maccabees.
Rick Graff
So Kim, when will you read and believe the book of Hebrews and abolish the the phoney priesthood? It is very clear that the earthly ministry of priests was abolished by Jesus Christ our holy, undefiled high priest seeing "HE ever liveth to make intercession for us" …Read l Peter 2, we believers are the priesthood of the new covenant
They have to decide what is most important to them , tradition or the work of Christ.
Lorenz Marquez
The Catholic Church:
1) Scripture
2) Tradition
3) Magesterium
Remember, Christ created the One True Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church in Matthew 16:18, by establishing the Papacy and Authority of one church (not 38,000 Protestant churches). Also know that Christ gave us Tradition – remember, when our Lord was was crucified, died and was buried and then rose again, he didn't leave behind the Bible – he left behind 12 Apostles that were charged to be priests to Baptize the World. Also remember that the Protestants get there Bible from Catholics – for approximately 1500 years the Christian world was Catholic, until the heresy of Martin Luther's reformationin 1517.
How can we know that the Bible we have today is a reliable record of the original writings? – Upholding the Faith
[…] which will explore this in depth, but for now I hope the brief overview will suffice. Sourceshttps://amazingbibletimeline.com/blog/q2_history_english_bible/ http://library.princeton.edu/departments/tsd/katmandu/bible/versions.html […]


In October, Bishop Nehru teased a new album produced by Kaytranada and MF Doom and now, the rapper officially announces the project.
Set to release on March 16, Elevators: Act I & II will feature 10 songs and marks the second time Bishop and Doom have collaborated on a project, following their 2014 offering—NehruvianDOOM.
"This project is a collection of my feelings straight from my heart, all of my ideas were created specifically off of instinct and intuitive occurrences," said Bishop. "This album is my answer to the question, 'What would you say your music sound like?' My answer to that would be 'Grammy Rap.' There's 'Mumble Rap' and then there's 'Grammy Rap.' With this project I was largely influenced by music theory and Pet Sounds by The Beach Boys. This is my attempt at a 'rap' Pet Sounds."
Along with the announcement of the new album, Bishop also dropped a trailer for the project. The behind-the-scenes teaser features toy versions of Bishop and Kaytranada and explains the inspiration behind the album being split into two concepts—Act I and Act II.
Ahead of the Elevators release, Bishop will also be hosting special listening parties in London, England, Toronto, Canada, New York and Los Angeles. Only select fans will be chosen for the multi-city pizza party listening sessions.
Check out the trailer for Elevators: Act I & II below.


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Q: I have a very big KML file, I want to remove all the placemarks from it I want to remove all the Placemarks that has a name, and keep the lines which is between , as the performance of the file is awful
I've tried to do it using Notepad++ Replace function using the below
<Placemark>       <name>.*</name>

to be replaced by

<Placemark>       <name></name>

and its not working :(

A: In XSLT 3.0 you can remove all the Placemark elements having a child called name using:
<xsl:transform xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="3.0">
    <xsl:mode on-no-match="shallow-copy"/>
    <xsl:template match="Placemark[name]"/>
</xsl:transform>

This sort of job is much better done using XML-aware tools rather than ordinary text editors.

A: Try to use the following regular expression in Notepad++, but before that take a backup of your KML file:
Find:
<name>[A-Za-z1-9]+<\/name>

Replace:
<name></name>

Also your expression will work after your escape the slash / in </name>
Find:
<name>.+<\/name>

Replace:
<name></name>

Use Replace All in Notepad++, and if it didn't work, use Replace All in All Opened Documents, assuming that the only file opened  is the KML file.
I tested the above expressions and it worked for me.

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I turned the grief of losing my child into helping others cope with their bereavement
In celebration of her great work, Eleanor, from Co Antrim, has been named a Local Lidl Hero
Claire O'Boyle
Eleanor Ellerslie
Adam Ellerslie was just four weeks old when he died.
He had spent one single, heartbreaking week at home with his family.
And while he was desperately sick from the moment he was born, they never dreamt for a second he would leave them so soon.
Moments of normality were few for Adam, so 11 years on from his death one picture taken during his short life is treasured above all – cuddles with his big sister before bedtime.
"It's such a precious memory because we were so lucky to have him home, even for that time," says mum Eleanor, 46.
"It was bedtime and we managed to get a lovely photograph with his sister Lara who was only two at the time.
"It really helped us afterwards to have had that little bit of normality with him. It means we've got at least a little time we can remember with our baby – at home, as a family."
Adam and Lara
Adam was born with Down's syndrome, although this did not flag up during Eleanor's
pregnancy. But as things turned out, that was the least of the family's worries.
Because a week later, as Eleanor and dad Michael, 49, came to terms with the news their son had a condition they weren't prepared for, worse was to come.
Doctors discovered Adam had also been born with a rare congenital condition Hirschsprung disease, which affected his bowels.
In fact, he was affected so extensively he needed surgery before he was even four weeks old.
"We never imaged it would turn out like it did," recalls Eleanor.
"If I'm honest, I was still coming to terms with having a disabled child so in a way I was grieving for the child I'd thought I was going to have when all this other stuff was happening.
"Right through my pregnancy there was no indication he would have Down's syndrome.
Adam Ellerslie
"It wasn't even picked up on the day he was born. It was the day after when a midwife noticed. But I didn't think for a second he wouldn't live. I hadn't even considered that."
On the day of Adam's surgery he seemed to be doing well. But three days later, on a Friday in September 2005, doctors at the Royal in Belfast brought him back to theatre.
"Things weren't going as we expected and they rushed him back in that Friday night," says Eleanor.
"When they opened him up his whole bowel had just died. He fought as best he could, he was on life support for a little while, and we kept hoping. But he died the next evening."
Eleanor's grief was immense. But with two other children – Lara and Ryan, who was 15 at the time – to help through their grief, it wasn't until two years later she finally went for help. By then, her youngest son Joel had been born, 16 months after Adam died.
"I really hadn't come to terms with what had happened," says Eleanor. "Having another baby doesn't wipe out the grief.
Having Joel didn't make my grief for Adam go away, because I still had a child missing.
"When you have another baby it can make things even harder.
"You see all the milestones, the milestones your missing child is missing, and we realised all the memories with Adam we were missing out on. I knew then I needed some support."
It was Eleanor's experiences with counselling at Cruse Bereavement Care that transformed things for her.
In fact, the organisation completely changed her life.
Not only did she gradually learn to live with her grief, but she learned to use her heartbreaking experience to help other people suffering from a bereavement.
Eleanor gave up her job as a secretary and trained as a counsellor. After years volunteering with Cruse, she now works for the charity full-time and manages a project in Belfast.
In celebration of her great work, Eleanor, from Carrickfergus, Co Antrim , has been named a Local Lidl Hero for the Belfast High Street branch. But she believes there is still much to be done to help people going through a bereavement.
"No one advises you before it happens," she says. "And even though I work with grieving people every day, I don't think you can prepare for it. It's more about understanding how very serious it is.
"Grief doesn't just affect you emotionally, it affects you physically too. You can feel ill. Your behaviour can change. Some people can't eat, they lose weight, they can't sleep.
Eleanor, Michael, Lara and Joel
"People can feel like they're going mad. So having someone to talk to, and very often someone who is not a friend or family member, will make a huge difference. It means you can air what you're feeling and realise you're not going crazy. What you feel is natural.
"The saddest thing about grief is that really, it's all about love. If we didn't love the person we lost, we wouldn't grieve. And that's why it never goes away."
So Eleanor's focus is on helping people learn to live with their grief – not to make it disappear.
"People have to find their new normal," she says. "Finding comfort and companionship, a social life of sorts and friendship at a group like Cruse can make an enormous difference. We do all sorts of things – crafts, creative writing, weekends away, walks in the country. John, who nominated me, lost his wife Eileen three years ago.
"He spent a year walking the streets of Belfast just to get out of the house because it had always been him and Eileen – the pair of them together.
"But now he's found the Friendship Group and he throws himself into everything. It's amazing to watch the difference in him. He's got a reason to leave the house and he's got friends when he gets here."
Eleanor and friendship group members on a trip to Derry
More than a decade on from his death, baby Adam is still at the heart of his family. "We talk about him all the time," says Eleanor. "Ryan is 26 now, Lara is 13 and Joel is nine, and they've all grown up with him in their memories.
"What happened was very traumatic but the way I look at it is that everything I'm doing now is his legacy. I wouldn't be doing this work now if it wasn't for Adam. I absolutely love what I'm doing.
"I'm so blessed with the people that I get to meet. I get a huge reward from it. If you love what you do, you never have to work a day in your life."
Lidl Community Works
NHSNI doctors "deeply worried" over "expected surge" in Covid patientsDoctors to get advice "about ethical decision making in the event" they have to prioritise patients
Transfer test: Mum whose baby son died fears daughter could be penalised in schools admission for being only child
EducationNorthern Ireland university students at home in lockdown 'missing out on best years of our lives'Many believe paying full tuition fees in lockdown is 'not fair' - and say it is very hard to study at home


text:
[52] A Novel Surface Treatment Method and New Insight into Discharge Voltage Deterioration for High-Performance 0.4Li2 MnO3–0.6LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Materials
Pilgun Oh, Minseong Ko, Seungjun Myeong, Youngsik Kim, & Jaephil Cho.
Advanced Energy Materials, 2014, 4, 16
The Li-rich cathode materials have been considered as one of the most promising cathodes for high energy Li-ion batteries. However, realization of these materials for use in Li-ion batteries is currently limited by their intrinsic problems. To overcome this barrier, a new surface treatment concept is proposed in which a hybrid surface layer composed of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coating and a chemically activated layer is created. A few layers of GO are first coated on the surface of the Li-rich cathode material, followed by a hydrazine treatment to produce the reducing agent of GO and the chemical activator of the Li2MnO3 phase. Compared to previous studies, this surface treatment provides substantially improved electrochemical performance in terms of initial Coulombic effiency and retention of discharge voltage. As a result, the surface-treated 0.4Li2MnO3–0.6LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 exhibits a high capacity efficiency of 99.5% during the first cycle a the discharge capacity of 250 mAh g−1 (2.0–4.6 V under 0.1C), 94.6% discharge voltage retention during 100 cycles (1C) and the superior capacity retention of 60% at 12C at 24 °C.
[51] Rechargeable Hybrid Sea Water Fuel Cell
Jae-Kwang Kim, Franziska Mueller, Hyojin Kim, Dominic Bresser, Jeong-sum Park, Du-Hyun Lim, Guk-Tae Kim, Stefano Passerini, & Youngsik Kim
A novel energy conversion and storage system using seawater as a cathode is proposed herein. This system is an intermediate between a battery and a fuel cell, and is accordingly referred to as a hybrid fuel cell. The circulating seawater in this open-cathode system results in a continuous supply of sodium ions, which gives this system superior cycling stability that allows the application of various alternative anodes to sodium metal by compensating for irreversible charge losses. Indeed, hard carbon and Sn-C nanocomposite electrodes were successfully applied as anode materials in this hybrid-seawater fuel cell, yielding highly stable cycling performance and reversible capacities exceeding 110 mAh g−1 and 300 mAh g−1, respectively.
[50] Metal-free hybridseawater fuel cell with an ether-based electrolyte
Hyojin Kim, Jeong-Sun Park, Sun Hye Sahgong, Sangmin Park, Jae-Kwang Kim and Youngsik Kim
Journal of MaterialsChemistry A, 2014, 2(46), 19584-19588
In this work, the design of a new metal-free hybrid seawater fuel cell consisting of a flowing seawater cathode and a hard carbon anode was proposed. The electrochemical performance of the cell was investigated with two different electrolytes, i.e., 1 M NaClO4 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC), and 1 M NaCF3SO3 in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME). The TEGDME-based electrolyte showed a good cycle performance for 100 cycles, whereas EC/PC showed poor cycle stability after 30 cycles. Our results showed that a low conducting solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) was formed with a thick layer, and the PVdF binder was degraded during the redox reaction when the EC/PC-based electrolyte was used. In contrast, the TEGDME-based electrolyte induced the formation of a more efficient SEI layer without degradation of the binder.
[49] Corn protein-derivednitrogen-doped carbon materials with oxygen-rich functional groups: a highly efficient electrocatalyst for all-vanadium redox flow batteries
Minjoon Park, Jaechan Ryu, Youngsik Kim and Jaephil Cho,
Energy &Environmental Science, 2014, 7(11), 3727-3735
Recent studies on all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have focused on carbon-based materials for cost-effective electrocatalysts to commercialize them in grid-scale energy storage markets. We report an environmentally friendly and safe method to produce carbon-based catalysts by corn protein self-assembly. This new method allows carbon black (CB) nanoparticles to be coated with nitrogen-doped graphitic layers with oxygen-rich functionalities (N-CB). We observed increased catalytic activity of this catalyst toward both V2+/V3+ and VO2+/VO2+ ions, showing a 24% increased mass transfer process and ca. 50 mV higher reduction onset potential compared to CB catalyst. It is believed that the abundant oxygen active sites and nitrogen defects in the N-CB catalyst are beneficial to the vanadium redox reaction by improving the electron transfer rate and giving faster vanadium ion transfer kinetics.
[48] Comparative electrochemical sodiuminsertion/extraction behavior in layered NaxVS2and NaxTiS2
Eungje Lee, SunHye Sahgong , Christopher S. Johnson,Youngsik Kim,
Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 143, 272-277.
This study investigates the electrochemical sodium insertion/extraction of NaxVS2, and NaxTiS2 in the voltage range where either intercalation (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 1) or displacement-conversion reaction (x > 1) occurs. Both NaxVS2 and NaxTiS2 showed good reversible capacities, as high as ∼160 mAh/g at an average voltage of ∼1.9 V vs. Na in the region for the intercalation reaction (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 1). When sodium (Na) insertion was forced further to the x > 1 composition, NaxVS2 exhibited the direct displacement-conversion reaction at 0.3 V vs. Na without further Na intercalation, which contrasted with the wider lithium intercalation range of 0 < x ≤ 2 for LixVS2. The displacement-conversion reaction for NaxVS2 (x > 1) was reversible with a specific capacity of above 200 mAh/g up to 15 cycles, but the displacement reaction for NaxTiS2 (x > 1) was not observed.
[47] Nanostructured transitionmetal sulfides for lithium ion batteries: Progress and challenges
Xiaodong Xu, Wen Liu,Youngsik Kim, Jaephil Cho,
Nano Today, 2014, 9(5), 604-630.
High performance lithium batteries are in great demand for consumer electronics, electric vehicles and grid scale stationary energy storage. Transition metal sulfides based on conversion or alloying reactions have drawn much attention because of their significantly higher specific capacity than traditional insertion electrode materials. However, their poor cyclability caused by the large volume change during the lithium (Li) up-taking and extraction has hindered their further developments and applications in Li rechargeable batteries. This review outlines the fundamental mechanisms and obstacles of the transition metal sulfides associated with Li storage through conversion reaction and also discusses how the nanostructure design can successfully address their challenges. Recent progresses in the nanoparticle synthesis, nanostructure design, composite fabrication, and their effects on the electrochemical performances are summarized and discussed. In addition, remaining challenges and possibilities for further improvements are also prospected.
[46] Block CopolymerDirected Ordered Mesostructured TiNb2O7 Multimetallic Oxide Constructed of Nanocrystals as High Power Li-ionBattery Anodes
Changshin Jo, Youngsik Kim, Jongkook Hwang, Jongmin Shim, Jinyoung Chun, and Jinwoo Lee
Chemistry of Materials, 2014, 26, 3508−3514
In order to achieve high-power and -energy anodes operating above 1.0 V (vs Li/Li+), titanium-based materials have been investigated for a long time. However, theoretically low lithium charge capacities of titanium-anodes have required new types of high-capacity anode materials. As a candidate, TiNb2O7 has attracted much attention due to the high theoretical capacity of 387.6 mA h g–1. However, the high formation temperature of the TiNb2O7 phase resulted in large-sized TiNb2O7 crystals, thus resulting in poor rate capability. Herein, ordered mesoporous TiNb2O7 (denoted as m-TNO) was synthesized by block copolymer assisted self-assembly, and the resulting binary metal oxide was applied as an anode in a lithium ion battery. The nanocrystals (∼15 nm) developed inside the confined pore walls and large pores (∼40 nm) of m-TNO resulted in a short diffusion length for lithium ions/electrons and fast penetration of electrolyte. As a stable anode, the m-TNO electrode exhibited a high capacity of 289 mA h g–1 (at 0.1 C) and an excellent rate performance of 162 mA h g–1 at 20 C and 116 mA h g–1 at 50 C (= 19.35 A g–1) within a potential range of 1.0–3.0 V (vs Li/Li+), which clearly surpasses other Ti-and Nb-based anode materials (TiO2, Li4Ti5O12, Nb2O5, etc.) and previously reported TiNb2O7 materials. The m-TNO and carbon coated m-TNO electrodes also demonstrated stable cycle performances of 48 and 81% retention during 2,000 cycles at 10 C rate, respectively.
[45] Sodium-Metal Halide and Sodium-Air Batteries
Seongmin Ha, Jae Kwang Kim, Aram Choi, Youngsik Kim, & Kyu Tae Lee
Chem Physchem, 2014, 15(10), 1971-1982
Impressive developments have been made in the past a few years toward the establishment of Na-ion batteries as next-generation energy-storage devices and replacements for Li-ion batteries. Na-based cells have attracted increasing attention owing to low production costs due to abundant sodium resources. However, applications of Na-ion batteries are limited to large-scale energy-storage systems because of their lower energy density compared to Li-ion batteries and their potential safety problems. Recently, Na-metal cells such as Na–metal halide and Na–air batteries have been considered to be promising for use in electric vehicles owing to good safety and high energy density, although less attention is focused on Na-metal cells than on Na-ion cells. This Minireview provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent progress in the fields of Na–metal halide and Na–air batteries, with the aim of providing a better understanding of new electrochemical systems.
[44] Metal-Free Ketjenblack Incorporated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Sheets Derived from Gelatin as Oxygen Reduction Catalysts
Gyutae Nam, Joohyuk Park, Sun Tai Kim, Dong-bin Shin, Noejung Park, Youngsik Kim, Jang-Soo Lee, & Jaephil Cho
Nano Letters, 2014, 14, 1870-1876
Electrocatalysts facilitating oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are vital components in advanced fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Here we report Ketjenblack incorporated nitrogen-doped carbon sheets derived from gelatin and apply these easily scalable materials as metal-free electrocatalysts for ORR. These carbon nanosheets demonstrate highly comparable catalytic activity for ORR as well as better durability than commercial Vulcan carbon supported Pt catalysts in alkaline media. Physico-chemical characterization and theoretical calculations suggest that proper combination of graphitic and pyridinic nitrogen species with more exposed edge sites effectively facilitates a formation of superoxide, [O2(ad)]−, via one-electron transfer, thus increasing catalytic activities for ORR. Our results demonstrate a novel strategy to expose more nitrogen doped edge sites by irregular stacked small sheets in developing better electrocatalysts for Zn-air batteries. These desirable architectures are embodied by an amphiphlilic gelatin mediated compatible synthetic strategy between hydrophobic carbon and aqueous water.
[43] Synthesis and Characterization of Lithium Germanogallium Sulfide Li2GeGa2S6
Inseok Seo, & Youngsik Kim
Solide State Ionics, 2014, 261C, 106-110
A new thio-germanium sulfide Li2GeGa2S6 (LGGS) has been synthesized for the first time. In order to determine the structure of the LGGS, the material was synthesized by being melted in a carbon-coated silica tube and being slowly cooled to make a crystalline structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed. The experimental XRD powder pattern of the LiGeGa2S6 appears to closely match the calculated data, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). The host structure is built of GaS4 tetrahedra linked by corners to GeS4 tetrahedra to create a 3D framework forming tunnels along the c-axis, in which the Li+ ions are located. To further characterize the structure of the phase, the Raman and infrared (IR) spectra of LGGS were performed. The strongest intensity peak in the Raman spectra is observed at ~ 337 cm–1 assigned to symmetric stretch vibrations of S atoms (Ge–S–Ge symmetrical bridge-stretching mode) in GeS4 and GaS4 units. This symmetric sulfur bridge stretching mode is also observed at ~ 338 cm− 1 in the IR spectra. The ionic conductivities of the LGGS were conducted with various temperatures. The ionic conductivity of 3.8 × 10− 8 S/cm was observed at room temperature. Electrochemical stability was evaluated from the cyclic voltammogram of a Li/Li2GeGa2S6/Au cell with a lithium reference electrode. The material shows high decomposition potential up to 6 V.
[42] Reversibility of Lithium Ion-air Batteries Using Lithium Intercalation Compounds as Anodes
Jinyoung Chun, Hyojin Kim, Changshin Jo, Eunho Lim, Jinwoo Lee, & Youngsik Kim
ChemPlusChem, 2014, 79, 1-5
A Li (ion)–air cell was designed to investigate the reversible utilization of Li that was harvested from a cathode. In the Li (ion)–air cell, 0.1 M LiOH(aq) was used as the catholyte with oxygen in air and Li intercalation compounds such as graphite (C6) and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) were used as the anodes. It appeared that the Li metal formed on the stainless-steel anode in the first charge of the Li–air cell was poorly reversible in further cycling owing to irreversible loss of Li during cycling. However, when Li intercalation compounds were used as anodes in a Li-ion–air cell, high coulombic efficiency by reversible reactions and good cycle performance were achieved. These results show that Li intercalation materials have significant potential as anode materials since they effectively utilize Li resources in Li–air battery systems and ensure reversibility in these systems.
[41] A New High Power LiNi0.81C0.1Al0.09O2 Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Minki Jo, Minjung Noh, Pilgun Oh, Youngsik Kim, & Jaephil Cho
Advanced Energy Materials, 2014, 1305183
Among the various Ni-based layered oxide systems in the form of LiNi1-y-zCoyAlzO2 (NCA), the compostions between y = 0.1–0.15, z = 0.05 are the most successful and commercialized cathodes used in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, tremendous research effort has been dedicted to searching for better composition in NCA systems to overcome the limitations of these cathodes, particularly those that arise when they are used use at high discharge/charge rates (>5C) and in high temperature (60 °C) environments. In addition, improving the thermal stability at 4.5 V is also very important in terms of the total amount of heat generated and the onset temperature. Here, a new NCA composition in the form of LiNi0.81Co0.1Al0.09O2 (y = 0.1, z = 0.09) is reported for the first time. Compared to the LiNi0.85Co0.1Al0.05O2 cathode, LiNi0.81Co0.1Al0.09O2 exhibits an excellent rate capability of 155 mAh g−1 at 10 C with a cut-off voltage range between 3 and 4.5 V, corresponding to 562 Wh kg−1 at 24 °C. It additionally provides significantly improved thermal stability and electrochemical performance at the high temperature of 60 °C, with a discharge capacity of 122 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles with capacity retention of 59%.
[40] Graphene –Co3O4 Nanocomposite as an Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Lithium-air Batteries
Chunwen Sun, Fan Li, Chao Ma, Yan Wang, Yulan Ren, Wei Yang, Zhaohui Ma Jianqi Li, Yujin Chen, Youngsik Kim, and Liquan Chen
A facile hydrothermal route has been developed to prepare graphene–Co3O4 nanocomposites. The graphene–Co3O4 nanocomposite catalyst demonstrates an excellent catalytic activity toward oxygen-reduction reaction including a considerably more positive half-wave potential (−0.23 V) than that of pristine graphene (−0.39 V), as well as higher cathodic currents. More importantly, this catalyst shows better long-term durability than the commercial Pt/C catalyst in an alkaline solution. The preliminary results indicate that the graphene–Co3O4 nanocomposite is an efficient and stable bifunctional catalyst for Li–air batteries and may be an alternative to the high-cost commercial Pt/C catalyst for the ORR/OER in alkaline solutions.
[39] Quantum Confinement and Its Related Effects on the Critical Size of GeO2 Nanoparticles Anodes for Lithium Batteries
Yoonkook Son, Mihee Park, Yeonguk Son, Jung-Soo Lee, Ji-Hyun Jang, Youngsik Kim, & Jaephil Cho
This work has been performed to determine the critical size of the GeO2 nanoparticle for lithium battery anode applications and identify its quantum confinement and its related effects on the electrochemical performance. GeO2 nanoparticles with different sizes of ∼2, ∼6, ∼10, and ∼35 nm were prepared by adjusting the reaction rate, controlling the reaction temperature and reactant concentration, and using different solvents. Among the different sizes of the GeO2 nanoparticles, the ∼6 nm sized GeO2 showed the best electrochemical performance. Unexpectedly smaller particles of the ∼2 nm sized GeO2 showed the inferior electrochemical performances compared to those of the ∼6 nm sized one. This was due to the low electrical conductivity of the ∼2 nm sized GeO2 caused by its quantum confinement effect, which is also related to the increase in the charge transfer resistance. Those characteristics of the smaller nanoparticles led to poor electrochemical performances, and their relationships were discussed.
[38] High Performance LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials Grown with Epitaxial Layered Nanostructure for Li-ion Batteries
Min-Joon Lee, Sanghan Lee, Pilgun Oh, Youngsik Kim, and Jaephil Cho
Nano Letters, 2014, 14, 933-999
Tremendous research works have been done to develop better cathode materials for a large scale battery to be used for electric vehicles (EVs). Spinel LiMn2O4 has been considered as the most promising cathode among the many candidates due to its advantages of high thermal stability, low cost, abundance, and environmental affinity. However, it still suffers from the surface dissolution of manganese in the electrolyte at elevated temperature, especially above 60 °C, which leads to a severe capacity fading. To overcome this barrier, we here report an imaginative material design; a novel heterostructure LiMn2O4 with epitaxially grown layered (R3̅m) surface phase. No defect was observed at the interface between the host spinel and layered surface phase, which provides an efficient path for the ionic and electronic mobility. In addition, the layered surface phase protects the host spinel from being directly exposed to the highly active electrolyte at 60 °C. The unique characteristics of the heterostructure LiMn2O4 phase exhibited a discharge capacity of 123 mAh g–1 and retained 85% of its initial capacity at the elevated temperature (60 °C) after 100 cycles.
[37] Li-Water Battery with Oxygen Dissolved in Water as a Cathode
Jae-Kwang Kim, Wek Yang, Jason Salim, Chao Ma, Chunwen Sun, Jianqi Li, & Youngsik Kim
Journal of The Electrochemistry Society, 2014, 161, A285-289
In this work, we demonstrate a lithium-water battery that uses oxygen dissolved in water as a cathode, Sr0.95Ce0.05CoO3-δ (SCCO)-copper nanoparticles as an efficient bifunctional catalyst, and with hybrid electrolytes. The SCCO-Cu composite catalyst exhibits an efficient and stable bifunctional catalytic activity, especially for the OER. The round-trip efficiency of the cell with SCCO-Cu nanoparticles catalyst reaches 84.1%, close to that of the 50% Pt/carbon-black catalyst (87.2%). The improved performance of the SCCO-Cu catalyst can be ascribed to the synergetic effect of SCCO and copper. The preliminary results demonstrate that the rechargeable lithium-water battery with oxygen dissolved in water flow can be achieved with high efficient and low cost oxide catalyst. This can be a good candidate for a large stationary energy storage system (ESS) with a low-cost.


text:
Q: log4net: Logging two messages in one row in the database? I'm trying to log the input and output of a particular method to the database.  I'd like to have this information in separate columns.  I've investigated the PatternLayout and it seems that it only caters for a single %message parameter, meaning that if you do:
log.Debug("This is a message");

then log4net sees "This is a message" as the message to be logged.  I want to do something like:
log.Debug(request, response);

Is this possible using log4net?  Keep in mind that my goal is to have "request" and "response" in separate columns.

A: Your PatternConverter way is a step in the right direction, though the use of the static Input and Output properties makes it all a bit shaky (thread-safety wise).
The trick here is to realize that the message parameter on logger.Debug(...) is object and that you can pass in whatever you like.
You could define a custom message type
public class InputOutput
{
    public string Input {get;set;}
    public string Output {get;set;}
}

and then let your converters read either property
public class InputPatternConverter : PatternConverter
{
    protected override void Convert(System.IO.TextWriter writer, object state)
    {
        var msg = ((LoggingEvent)state).MessageObject as InputOutput;
        if (msg != null)
            writer.Write(msg.Input);
    }
}

public class OutputPatternConverter : PatternConverter
{
    protected override void Convert(System.IO.TextWriter writer, object state)
    {
        var msg = ((LoggingEvent)state).MessageObject as InputOutput;
        if (msg != null)
            writer.Write(msg.Output);
    }
}

the logging then becomes much cleaner
logger.Debug(new InputOutput { Input = ..., Output = ...});

your config would be the same.
A tip though is to subclass the PatternLayout and add the converters in the constructor of that class. That way you can also trim down your config. This will not cause you to loose the %message token, your %input and %output tokens will come in addition to all the tokens that PatternLayout supports. So you could actually have a pattern like this:
"%date %message %newline%newline %input %newline%newline %output

Here's a quick implementation of a custom pattern layout:
public class InputOutputPatternLayout : PatternLayout
{
    public InputOutputPatternLayout()
    {
        AddConverter("input", typeof(InputPatternConverter));
        AddConverter("output", typeof(OutputPatternConverter));
    }
}

A: I've come up with one way to do this using custom PatternConverters
public class InputPatternConverter : PatternConverter
{
    private static string _input;

    public static string Input
    {
        get { return _input; }
        set { _input = value; }
    }

    protected override void Convert(System.IO.TextWriter writer, object state)
    {
        writer.Write(Input);
    }
}

public class OutputPatternConverter : PatternConverter
{
    private static string _output;

    public static string Output
    {
        get { return _output; }
        set { _output = value; }
    }

    protected override void Convert(System.IO.TextWriter writer, object state)
    {
        writer.Write(Output);
    }
}

Appender Specification:
<appender name="ADONetAppender" type="log4net.Appender.AdoNetAppender">
  <bufferSize value="1" />
  <connectionType value="System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection, System.Data, Version=1.0.3300.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" />
  <connectionString value="data source=servername;initial catalog=database;Integrated Security=SSPI;" />
  <commandText value="INSERT INTO RequestLog ([input], [output]) VALUES (@input, @output)" />
  <parameter>
    <parameterName value="@input" />
    <dbType value="String" />
    <size value="4000" />
    <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
      <converter>
        <name value="input" />
        <type value="InputPatternConverter, ApplicationName" />
      </converter>
      <conversionPattern value="%input" />
    </layout>
  </parameter>
  <parameter>
    <parameterName value="@output" />
    <dbType value="String" />
    <size value="4000" />
    <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
      <converter>
        <name value="output" />
        <type value="OutputPatternConverter, ApplicationName" />
      </converter>
      <conversionPattern value="%output" />
    </layout>
  </parameter>
</appender>

Call it using:
InputPatternConverter.Input = inputString;
OutputPatternConverter.Output = outputString;

XmlConfigurator.Configure();
ILog logger = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(ApplicationClassName));
logger.Debug("");


Below is information about the "Birthright" asylum on InsaneJournal. To join this asylum, click here. You may leave the asylum at any time.
On its four-year anniversary, the cast of Birthright brought its desert adventures to a close, after writing 5,088 pieces of fiction. We are grateful to have been part of such a community.
Our story continues in City Limits: A Birthright Sequel and Slayerverse RPG! We hope you'll make the trip to Chicago with us.
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text:
TelevisionComic Book Shows
Titans Turned 'Family' Into a Four-Letter Word
Filed to:tv recap
Chella Man as Jericho.
Image: DC Universe
Titans' second season has spent a significant amount of time in the past in order to illustrate the various reasons why the show's heroes are such haunted people clearly living in the shadow of something devastating. First, there was the original incarnation of the Titans, a team that seemingly broke apart following Deathstroke murdering Aqualad.
That sort of loss would be reason enough for the Titans to dissolve were it not for the fact that Titans has kept Deathstroke well within the heroes' orbit. Unlike its approach to Doctor Light or Trigon, Titans is (thankfully) putting in the effort to make its take on Slade Wilson the sort of lasting, pervasive villain whose very presence has the ability to strike fear into the young heroes' hearts. He's the thing they all fear most in the world, and the show understands that in order to hammer that idea home, his backstory needed a more significant connection to the Titans—and "Jericho" gives it to him.
The episode doesn't exactly move Titans forward, but it makes you appreciate the emotional ghosts that have been haunting the Tower, and transforms Deathstroke into the kind of tragically complex figure that makes for a narratively compelling villain.
Deathstroke Is Out for Blood in This Twisted Titans Teaser
Now that Trigon's out of the picture, Titans has been slowly setting the stage for Deathstroke, the
The episode tells a story that's as much about its titular character as it is his father because of the ways that Jericho and Deathstroke both inadvertently end up pulling one another deeper into the Titans' ongoing interpersonal drama. In the past, before the original Titans formally disbanded, there was a time when Jericho became friends with Hank, Dawn, Donna, and Dick in a way that made him feel truly included. Though we don't see all that much of Jericho's social life outside of his job at the record store (and the fact that he seems like a generally happy kid), "Jericho" emphasizes that he bonded with the Titans and revealed the fact that he's a metahuman to them at an important time in his life when he needed to be around more friends his own age.
After Slade came home from his service in the military, there was a period of time when Jericho and his mother Adeline believed that the man would stay put and commit to his family. But Jericho explains to the Titans how, gradually, Slade began to withdraw into a different, but similar kind of work as time went on. Not long after Slade's retirement from the military, he started working in "risk assessment" with a man known as Wintergreen, and coming home increasingly infrequently—until one fateful night when Slade unknowingly brought his work home with him.
As Jericho tells the story, his father came home from a trip to find him and his mother being held at knife and gunpoint by two masked men inquiring about Slade's business dealings. The mercenary's confident that he can take out the two killers and ensure his family's safety, but while he's able to free Adeline, one of the men manages to slit Jericho's throat, severing his vocal cords, and forever rendering him mute.
Jericho being held at knifepoint.
Jericho's relaying his past to the Titans gives them invaluable information about just how valuable he must be to Deathstroke, but it also illustrates how the boy's truly innocent in all of this mess despite his connection to an evil man. Both Dick and Dawn can tell that Jericho's earnestness is legit and that he trusts them, all of which makes the Titans' secret plan to use him as a means of getting back at Deathstroke that much more messed up.
Learning that Wintergreen is still working with Slade gives the Titans all the information they need to track the killers to at least one of their bases of operation, and both Dawn and Hank reason that the right thing to do at that point would be to remove Jericho from the equation entirely. But because Donna's feelings about Garth's death are so raw, she counters that the Titans can't be sure whether Jericho's supposed hatred for his father's evil is genuine, or if the boy can be trusted at all. Even if he is actually on their side, she insists they keep him close, if only to sure that Deathstroke can't take him back, and it's difficult to tell how honest Donna herself is being in that moment.
Deathstroke being Deathstroke, he knows the Titans are coming for him more or less as soon as they decide to, and his learning that Jericho is in their midst sets the man on an emotional edge. He understands that Jericho's a good soul who already has more than a few rightful reasons to be angry at him, and learning more about what he does for a living would likely only serve to drive his son farther away. But what Deathstroke doesn't know is that just by being himself around the Titans, Jericho's naturally becoming part of their superheroic family.
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While Jericho's working in the record store one afternoon, he encounters a pushy customer bullying one of his colleagues and—against his father's explicit instructions—Jericho uses his metahuman ability to possess people to get back at the customer. Though Jericho thinks no one else witnesses what he's done, Dick informs him that's not the case, and the Titan makes quick work of bringing Jericho back to the Tower to show the others what he can do. All of the Titans know what a valuable asset Jericho would be to the team after he possesses Hank, but Dawn has understandable reservations about Dick's sudden decision to offer Jericho a spot on the team, given how and why they came into his life in the first place. The more they pull Jericho into the world of the Titans, the more risk they're all putting him in, even if he does feel compelled to embrace the heroic lifestyle.
Dick does the right thing by telling Jericho the whole of it: How he planned to bump into Jericho at the record store, how Deathstroke killed Aqualad, and how the Titans plan on getting their revenge on the mercenary. But as "Jericho" moves into its final third, you see that if the Titans were truly acting in Jericho's best interest, they really, really would have simply made sure that he stayed away from them. After Jericho informs his mother Adeline that he plans to move into the Tower because he's learned the truth about Deathstroke, she furiously sits Slade down and orders him to fix what's left of their family. As much as Adeline would love for things to go back to "normal," there is no true normal with Deathstroke in the picture, and she wants him out of their lives after he returns their son home. But Deathstroke isn't really the type to take that kind of simple request and follow through on it without hurting people in the process.
Jericho demonstrating his powers.
There's a more than likely chance that Jericho might have ended up reuniting with his mother in time on his own terms if Deathstroke simply bowed out at that moment and disappeared from his family's life entirely. But Deathstroke truly believes that being in league with the Titans puts his son at risk, and he also wants a chance at telling Jericho his side of the whole truth about everything. Wintergreen relays Deathstroke's offer to Jericho, who confides in Dawn that he's conflicted about the meeting because Jericho knows exactly what Dick would think of the two of them seeing each other.
Dick can't wrap his mind around the idea that Jericho might still want to at least attempt to understand his father, and uses that wrong thinking to justify continuing to use Jericho as bait to flush the villain out. The inner turmoil Jericho's grappling with is mirrored in the militant way that both Donna and Dick want to hunt down and kill Deathstroke, who spends most of this episode working to complete his larger mission of killing Jillian the Amazon, who's been given authorization from Themyscira to eliminate the villain.
After Deathstroke eliminates his target, he uses Jillian's death as an opportunity send the Titans a message by way of luring Donna into a trap where he nearly kills the half-Amazon—before sparing her life so that she can warn her teammates to leave Jericho alone. Were it not for Deathstroke's attack on Donna, there's a chance that his meeting with Jericho might have ended differently and that there might have been hope for eventual healing between the two of them. But as Jericho's confronting his father about the monstrous things he's done, Dick steps out of the shadows to reveal that he didn't keep his word to Jericho that he'd stay back.
It's difficult to say just how much (if at all) Jericho felt betrayed by Dick's latest deception, because in that moment, you can feel how furious he is at Deathstroke for having hurt his mother and for being the reason he can no longer speak. But before Jericho has any chance to express himself, Dick and Deathstroke are at each other's throats—and just as it seems as if Deathstroke's going to kill Dick, Jericho jumps in the way to be fatally stabbed by his father's sword instead.
"Jericho" doesn't explain what happens immediately following Dick's fight with Deathstroke, but the episode cuts to Donna, Dawn, and Hank leaving the Tower, heartbroken over what their actions have led to, and you finally get the full weight of why the team fell apart. In their own ways, each of the Titans ultimately wanted to make Jericho part of their found family, but because they couldn't agree on a way to incorporate him, he ended up dead at his biological father's hands. The episode leaves you feeling just how much of a blow to the gut that had to have been for Titans heroes, but even more than that, it leaves no question as to why Deathstroke's back and hellbent on killing these people.
For more, make sure you're following us on our Instagram @io9dotcom.
io9 Culture Critic and Staff Writer. Cyclops was right.
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Why John Carter Wasn't as Bad as Everyone Thought
If you ever watched John Carter you might have thought the movie was worth a look. In truth it was a lot better than many critics seemed to think. It was original in other words, and since people tend to take a dim view of things that they don't know and can't predict it was regrettably trashed and left to linger in cinema limbo for being something that people didn't understand.
This is the dilemma of Hollywood really. The story lines that people come up with could be some of the greatest stories in the world, but unless they're marketed in the right way there's really no chance that people are going to make an informed decision that will help them to decide whether or not they want to go sit for two hours or less to watch a movie. If they feel they can't trust the marketing gimmicks and aren't clued in enough to what the movie is about then there's really not much of a chance that the movie will be a hit all because no one wants to take the risk.
John Carter however was a fairly good movie largely for the core reasons that people seem to forget about. To start with it was about a Confederate soldier that had lost his family during the war and was attempting to just go on with his life. He'd been captured by Union soldiers and was on the run after escaping when he was inexplicably transported to Mars. There he found that he was far more powerful than he'd ever been and eventually had something to fight for again. A lot of people simply saw the Mars setting and began to make allegations that it was another scifi movie and didn't pay it much attention.
The problem with this is that assumptions were made about the movie early on and essentially killed any chance it might have had at the box office. When there's no faith in the movie from the beginning then there's no real chance that it's going to suddenly become everyone's favorite film just because the marketing shifts towards a more favorable way to present it. To be honest John Carter didn't get a fair shake right from the word go because the marketing was horrible. There was almost no buzz about it, no fanfare, and no explanation of what the film was really about. The average film has people making dozens of predictions and theories in the current era, but when John Carter came out there was barely a peep.
Honestly it's a much deeper story than a lot of people seemed to think and was much more involved than it seemed. The film had a lot to do with redemption and took the main character through the kind of development that most people like to see. But again, there was little more to the trailers than the science fiction aspect that made it seem like just another alien movie. That was what killed it even though it was worth the time to watch.
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No place else to go, January 26th
Letters to the Editor: the inbox
by The Economist | LONDON
SIR - I was very disappointed to see your comment on Serbia's future that "the Kosovars must be stopped from joining up with Albania, since that would serve to destabilise the region once again" ("No place else to go", January 26th). You have managed the wonderful Hurdist trick of combining poor principle with unrealistic realpolitik.
Are the Albanians somehow less worthy of making their own choice on unity than the Germans were? Or perhaps you think the history of Western powers trying to prevent the break-up of the former Yugoslavia was so successful that it must be continued? Self-determination within the framework of respect for minorities is both the most principled approach and the only realistic one.
Andrew Anderson
Ampthill, Bedfordshire
SIR – You say that Kosovo's independence has long been inevitable. This ignores that Serbia's main problem is not Kosovo's independence itself, but the fate of Kosovo's Serbs.
After the war in 1999 nearly half of Kosovo's Serbs have been driven out. Since then the situation hasn't improved: hardly any of the refugees have returned and a recent opinion poll by Kosovo's government indicates that 30% of Kosovo's Serbs plan to leave if the province becomes independent.
From the Serb view, the Ahtisaari plan is about the worst possible scenario. Sure, it offers quite decent autonomy. But it does virtually nothing to improve the security of Kosovo's Serbs. On the contrary, it plans to expose those who are now protected by peacekeepers and parallel institutions gradually to the full wrath of Kosovo's extremely unfriendly Albanian politicians. For that reason it can be expected that in 5 or 10 years there will be hardly any Serb left to enjoy that wonderful autonomy.
Serbia's politicians may be able to sell their citizens the need for an independent Kosovo when needed. But they will find it very hard to convince their citizens that they need the membership of organisation that has willingly cleansed over a 100,000 of their countrymen.
Wim Roffel
Leiden, the Netherlands
SIR - Your view that "Kosovars must be stopped from joining up with Albania" is not the best chance for stability in the Balkans. Since the new country will not be recognised by the international community as a whole, whether or not independence can take place peaceably, Kosovo will remain in an economic limbo, dependent upon smuggling and other covert commerce, thereby perpetuating the tensions between its communities and its neighbours.
It is odd that while the international community recognises the right of a people to declare independence there is no provision for ethnic minority communities from one country to opt to join another.
The Kosovar Albanians are not allowed to become a province of Albania and the Serbs from Kosovo and Bosnia cannot become districts of Serbia. Likewise, Greek Cypriots are prevented from unifying their island with Greece, and neither can their Turkish neighbours become a part of Turkey. In the Caucasus, many Abkhazians wish to leave Georgia and form a republic within the Russian Federation, as do the nominally Georgian Ossetes.
Given such manifest and on-going risks to regional stability, the UN Security Council should mandate the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe with the task of working out a mechanism for resolving claims by local communities who wish to become part of the territory of neighbouring state.
Such transfers would need to provide guarantees, and maybe compensation, to those who wish to remain citizens of the state they were originally a part of, to oversee fairly conducted plebiscites, and to ensure geographical coherence for the new boundaries.
Greg Kaser
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Robin Rhode: The Mysteries
Author: Creative Feel 1	Published on: August 23, 2017 Published in: Art
Einstein famously said that God does not play with dice. He was expressing a belief (a faith? A hope?) that the laws governing the universe have a deterministic rather than a probabilistic character. To most physicists today, Einstein's notion of what constitutes a physical law seems a little naïve. Nevertheless, Einstein is a formidable ally to call upon for those whose suspicions about probabilistic statements and their explanatory value will not go away.
J.M. Coetzee – 'On probability', Diary of a Bad Year.
In a world ground down by reductive absolutes, cynical essences, or by devastating relativism and crippling uncertainty, the artist that dares to scale this crux, and, therein, find a way out is utterly remarkable. For there is no doubt that ours is a world corrosively divided, conflicted, violent in its refusal to think beyond the viral maw that has rent it asunder. The obsessive-compulsive return to race, the chillingly exclusionary nature of identity politics, the ghoulish rise of populism, nativism, and the blind defiance of any inclusionary and planetary humanism, has meant that today we find ourselves willingly entrapped in internment camps. Simphiwe Ndzube summarised our divided world in a 2016 work entitled Us and Them: Killer of the World. In his essay, 'Difference and Repetition. Reflections on South Africa Today', published in 2017 by Fondation Louis Vuitton, Achille Mbembe warns us against a divisive and oppositional logic. 'Unless we extend our imagination and properly articulate what must stand in lieu of what has been overthrown, we might end up privileging a politics of ruin over the politics of anticipation', writes Mbembe. He then proffers the following wager:
We will have to rediscover the centrality of the social in any future-oriented political or economic project. We will have to learn how to not squander what belongs to the future generations and how to ring-fence what is commonplace, and therefore priceless, precisely because its value exceeds any forms of measurement (education, arts, culture, health care and imagination).
Robin Rhode and Mandla Sibeko
Mbembe's wager, today, is of vital importance, for what matters to the Cameroonian philosopher is a world best informed by 'the politics of anticipation' rather than that which is currently and devastatingly in place – 'a politics of ruin'. His 'future-oriented vision' stands as a bulwark against those who seek to regressively enshrine a misbegotten absolutism, or those who choose to delinquently play in the killing fields of doubt. For Mbembe, life in all its dimensions – education, arts, culture, health care, imagination – asks that we sustain the ingredients that foster a more wholesome understanding of our present moment and, all importantly, our future. It is this wager which Robin Rhode has placed centre-stage in the works created between 2016 and 2017, works which the artist has dubbed the 'new optimism'. Inspired by Pythagorean geometry, Rhode's newest suite of works mark a seismic turn, for what is most striking about these new works is that they challenge both a reductive absolutism and a postmodern scepticism. In a career which began in 2000, Rhode has sought to undo the certainties which shaped the art world – the mimetic belief in the transparency of the object, the synoptic power of reason to explain its meaning. Deconstructive in its inclination, Rhode's oeuvre has embraced the key tenets of a deconstructive universe – Ferdinand de Saussure's arbitrariness of the sign and Jacques Derrida's systemic scuppering of absolutes.
Conceived 'under erasure' – sous rature – Derrida's partial conclusion is as follows: 'Since the word is inaccurate, it is crossed out. Since the word is necessary, it remains legible'. Which is why in Rhode's oeuvre we find a driving desire to configure then disfigure, assign a form then rub it out, for what has always intrigued the artist is the impossibility of art to consecrate any final truth. Until now. For what has emerged out of this Derridean project is the artist's gnawing realisation that beneath and beyond the seeming arbitrariness of meaning lies some inconsolable yet trenchant power – faith. Long before the cool evasiveness of postmodern lore – Sauusurian or Derridean – we find the thinking of Søren Kierkegaard, a man as sceptical, but for whom faith – the belief in God – could not be so easily dismissed. In his compelling concluding essay to Either/Or, 'Equilibrium between the Aesthetic and the Ethical', Kierkegaard returns us to a gnawing conundrum – how, despite scepticism, hold fast to the existence of God? The Danish philosopher's conclusion, despite the fact that it may, rationally, be unprovable, is that we must choose. 'Only when one can get a person to stand at the crossroads in such a way that he has no expedient but to choose, does he choose what is right'. It is this choice, forged at a 'crossroads', which Rhode has now powerfully revealed. Against doubt there is hope, against the spectre of a crude absolutism there is a leap of faith. Kierkegaard's perplexing summation is as follows:
Yet it is a matter of a choice, yes, an absolute choice, for only through choosing absolutely can one choose the ethical. Through the absolute choice, then, the ethical is posited, but from that it by no means follows that the aesthetic is excluded.
All importantly, the ethical and the aesthetic are not mutually exclusive. Rather, what matters is the way one fuses the two, and, in the fusing, reveals one's truth. For it is clear that today, in this day and age, Rhode can longer shirk the creeping realisation that art is neither the servant of the Church nor the hapless handmaiden of a compromised secularism. Something else – a third way – impels him, a way he has discovered, or recovered, through an exploration of a sacred geometry. Geometry means 'Earth-measure' – it is a measure of our being in the world, a measure of whom and what we imagine ourselves to be in the world. There is doubtless a mysticism, a fantasy, which clings to this vision, however, and all importantly, it is a vision which, ethically and aesthetically, must refuse both the absolutism of monotheism and the scepticism of secularism. In Quadrivium: number, geometry, music, heaven, we read:
Everything is made of light, all matter is, and without matter there would be no sound. Atoms and planets arrange themselves in geometrical patterns. How profound then is a window, which allows the passage of light into an otherwise dark space.
It is this 'window' which 'allows … light into an otherwise dark space' that Robin Rhode has constructed. For as I've stated at the outset, ours is a world consumed by 'a politics of ruin', by overarching and dangerously misguided certainties, which has profoundly negated not only art's complexity but also its simplicity. As Pythagoras has finely noted:
The function of geometry is to draw us away from the sensible and the perishable to the intelligible and the eternal. For the contemplation of the eternal is the end of philosophy, as the contemplation of the mysteries is the end of religion.
It is this finely honed formulation which I think cuts to the core of Rhode's current exploration. Indeed, it is a formulation which defines the crux of our age. For today, as I've noted at the outset, we find ourselves drawn-and-quartered, split between two opposed visions of the world; one which seeks to lure us unthinkingly towards absolutism and its dark familiar, fascism, and another which seeks to hold fast to a bare-forked materiality, the 'sensible and the perishable'. However Rhode, like Pythagoras, like Kierkegaard, seeks to wrench us away from both camps. For the 'eternal', the sacredness that is geometry, signals 'the end of philosophy' and 'the end of religion'. These ends, however, are also a new beginning, 'a window, which allows the passage of light into an otherwise dark space'. This too is Achille Mbembe's wager, for as the Cameroonian philosopher has also reminded us, to recover a world morally and spiritually in tatters requires that we hold fast to benign 'mysteries', that we recognise the insufficiency and dangers that beset the stark and lethal choices we are making, that we remain 'future-oriented'. Robin Rhode's newest works are the configurations of that future, the product of an ethic and an aesthetic which must, against all odds, sustain some state of grace, some well-being, some hope and optimism – some mystery.
Robin Rhode | Paradise
Which is why I began this reflection with the conflicted excerpt from J.M. Coetzee's Diary of a Bad Year. If for George Mallarme a throw of the dice could not abolish hazard, if for this secular-minded poet chaos was inescapable, then for Albert Einstein, and Søren Kierkegaard, there remained a sentient mystery, a God, who preceded chaos, 'a belief (a faith? A hope?)' which, despite its parenthetical nature, could sustain us. For if we now find ourselves caught between the 'deterministic' and the 'probabilistic' there remains, still, what Kierkegaard termed 'a baptism of choice' to embrace a realm beyond – and within. This choice, which Robin Rhode has presented to us, signals a life that we must live; a life beyond the corruptions of Church and State, monotheism and secularism, which, in sum, we can now celebrate as notations from a diary of a good year.
For more reading:
J.M. Coetzee, Diary of a Bad Year, London: Viking, 2007.
Benjamin Farrington, Greek Science, London: Penguin Books, 1944.
Søren Kierkegaard, Either/Or: A Fragment of Life, London: Penguin Books, 1992.
John Martineau (ed.), Quadrivium: Number, geometry, music, heaven, Glastonbury: Wooden Books, 2010.
Achille Mbembe, 'Differenceand Repetition. Reflections on South Africa Today', Being There: South Africa, a Contemporary Art Scene, Editions Dilecta: Fondation Louis Vuitton, 2017.
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Achille Mbembe Albert Einstein arts culture education Ferdinand de Saussure Fondation Louis Vuitton health care imagination J. M. Coetzee Jacques Derrida postmodern scepticism Pythagoras Pythagorean reductive absolutism Robin Rhode Simphiwe Ndzube Søren Kierkegaard Us and Them: Killer of the World	Share On
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Patrick Baldwin provides update on recruiting process
The Wisconsin native is the third ranked player in the nation for 2021.
By Aaron Gershon@agershon99 Apr 28, 2020, 9:00am EDT
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Isaiah J. Downing-USA TODAY Spor
Five-star forward Patrick Baldwin Jr. is one of the most coveted prospects in the 2021 recruiting class.
The 6-9 Wisconsin native is still considering a large variety of schools, including the Kentucky Wildcats.
Monday, Baldwin spoke with Corey Evans of Rivals about UK's interest and several other notes about his recruiting process.
On UK, the five-star said, "Their pitch has just been a lot of things that we knew going in which was that they produce a lot of NBA talent, play in the SEC, they have really good teams and talent in that league. A really big pitch is that they know that I am really talented but if you come to Kentucky, that they aren't guaranteeing you anything,"
Baldwin also discussed several of the other schools chasing him that he is considering. These schools including Duke, North Carolina and Northwestern.
247's lone crystal ball projection for the five-star is for Duke, while 100% of Rivals' future casts are also for the Blue Devils.
At this point, UK does not seem to be among the favorites. Baldwin noted that he took unofficial visits to Duke, North Carolina and Northwestern and with no timetable on when recruits will be able to take trips again, it may be hard for the Wildcats to get back in the game.
On the flip side, there's still nearly a year until Baldwin has to put pen to paper on any decision.