This interface defines the Oracle extensions to the standard JDBC interface java.sql.Connection. You can use java.sql.Connection in your application where you do not make use of the Oracle extensions. However, when your application uses the Oracle extensions to java.sql.Connection you must use oracle.jdbc.OracleConnection.
OracleConnection extends standard JDBC connection functionality to create and return Oracle statement objects, set flags and options for Oracle performance extensions, and support type maps for Oracle objects.
Basic example : Once you connect to the database and, in the process, create your Connection object (see OracleDriver), the next step is to create a Statement object. The createStatement method of your JDBC Connection object returns an object of the JDBC Statement type.
Note that there is nothing Oracle-specific about this statement; it follows standard JDBC syntax.
When using Oracle style batching, JDBC determines when to flush a batch to the database.
Use this connection property to change the default value of autoCommit.
This connection property lets you define a default commit option that will be used when calling connection.commit();.
Convert NCHAR literals to Unicode literals when equal "true".
The user has to provide fully qualified ADT name ([username].[adt name]) for all ADT operations.
The value of this property is used as the default batch size when using Oracle style batching.
The value of this property is used as the default LOB prefetch size for this connection.
The value of this property is used as the default number of rows to prefetch.
In case of Jdbc-OCI drivers the data is copied from C layer to Java using Jni array copy api.
If the value of this property is "true", the default mode for all character data columns will be NCHAR.
Disable the method OracleStatement.defineColumnType when equal "true".
The value passed to the server for the OCI_ATTR_DRIVER_NAME.
This connection property can be used to specify a name for the "application edition" which will then appear in the database in the 'USERENV' context.
If the value of this property is "true", JDBC will use FIXED CHAR semantic when setObject is called with a String argument.
If the value of this property is "true", JDBC will include synonyms when getting information about a column.
The value of this property is used as the user name when performing an internal logon.
If the value of this property is "true", JDBC uses strict compliance for some edge cases.
This connection property lets you define how the driver will map SQL DATE values in the database to Java types.
The size in bytes of the largest internal char or byte data buffer that the driver should cache.
Set the name of the native library for the oci driver.
The value of this property is used as the password when connecting to the database.
If this property is set to "true", JDBC drivers connect in PRELIM_AUTH mode, which is the only mode that is permitted when the database is down.
If the value of this property is "false" then the default setting for Statement.setEscapeProccessing is false.
The value of this property is used to specify the name of the proxy client during proxy authentication.
If the value of this property is "true", OracleDatabaseMetaData will include remarks in the meta data.
If the value of this property is "true", JDBC will return a more refined value for DatabaseMeta.getTables.
This is applicable only for the thin driver.
If the value of this property is "true", the JDBC PreparedStatement setFloat and setDouble API's convert float and double values to the internal binary format for BINARY_FLOAT or BINARY_DOUBLE before sending to the database.
Property which sets enables the user to set a new password during connection.
Stream chunk size for input streams.
Use this connection property to specify the location of the Kerberos credential cache.
To turn on Kerberos mutual authentication, set this property to "true".
Use this connection property to turn on the authentication adaptors.
Use this property to specify the level of security for the integrity service.
Use this connection property to specify the list of integrity algorithms that you want to activate.
Use this connection property to specify the encryption seed (between 10 and 70 random characters).
Thin uses out of band breaks by default from 11g onwards.
Use this property to specify the level of security for the encryption service.
Use this connection property to specify the list of encryption algorithms that you want to activate.
The thin driver uses the zero-copy IO codepath for SecureFile Lobs by default from 11gR2 onwards.
Read timeout while reading from the socket.
If the value of this property is "true", the TCP_NODELAY property is set on the socket when using the Thin driver.
Use this connection property to change the value that will show up in the "machine" column of the "v$session" table for this connection.
By default, the driver retrieves the OS username from the "user.name" system property which is set by the JVM.
Use this connection property to change the value that will show up in the "process" column of the "v$session" table for this connection.
Use this connection property to change the value that will show up in the "program" column of the "v$session" table for this connection.
Use this connection property to change the value that will show up in the "terminal" column of the "v$session" table for this connection.
Obtain TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE value in GMT than adjusting the same to local time zone.
setTime used to set the date component to 01 Jan, 1900 by default in earlier versions (version < 10g).
If the value of this property is "true", then JDBC will prefetch rows even though there is a LONG or LONG RAW column in the result.
If true, the statement data buffers are cached on a per thread basis.
The value of this property is used as the user name when connecting to the database.
Use this property to specify the wallet location.
Use this property to set the wallet password which is only required if you don't enable enable auto-login in the wallet.
Define return values for pingDatabase api The physical database connection is closed.
Define return values for pingDatabase api The physical database connection is not closed but the database is not reachable.
Define return values for pingDatabase api The physical database connection is not closed and the database is reachable.
Define return values for pingDatabase api The call timed out before any positive or negative acknowledgement was received.
Return the underlying physical connection if this is a logical connection.
Calling abort() on an open connection does the following: marks the connection as closed, closes any sockets or other primitive connections to the database, and insures that any thread that is currently accessing the connection will either progress to completion of the JDBC call or throw an exception.
Applies the connection Attributes provided on the underlying PooledConnection.
Deprecated. This method will be removed in a future version.
Performs an immediate (asynchronous) termination of any currently executing operation on this connection.
If opt is OracleConnection.INVALID_CONNECTION : Closes the given Logical connection, as well the underlying PooledConnection without returning the connection to the cache when called with the parameter INVALID_CONNECTION.
Closes the given Logical connection, and returns the underlying PooledConnection to the implicit connection cache.
Commits the transaction with the given options.
Creates an ARRAY object with the given type name and elements.
Creates a BINARY_DOUBLE that has the given value.
Creates a BINARY_FLOAT that has the given value.
Creates a DATE that has the given value.
Creates an INTERVALDS that has the given value.
Creates an INTERVALYM that has the given value.
Creates a new NUMBER that has the given value.
Creates a new NUMBER that has the given value and scale.
Creates a new TIMESTAMP with the given value.
Creates a new TIMESTAMPLTZ with the given value.
Creates a new TIMESTAMPTZ with the given value.
Dequeues an AQ message from the queue specified by its name.
Enqueues the given AQ message to the queue specified by its name.
Obtain all the type descriptors associated with object types or array in the schema of this connection.
Returns the name of the adaptor that is used for authentication by the thin driver.
The driver is always in auto-close mode.
getCallWithKey Searches the explicit cache for a match on key.
Returns the connection Attributes set on the underlying PooledConnection.
Retrieves the current setting of the createStatementAsRefCursor flag which you can set with the setCreateStatementAsRefCursor method.
Obtains the current schema of the current connection.
Maps an existing registration identified by its ID 'regid' with a new DatabaseChangeRegistration object.
Returns the name of the algorithm that is used for data integrity checking by the thin driver on the network.
Retrieves the overall connection batch value of this connection.
Retrieves the value of row prefetch for all statements associated with this connection and created after this value was set.
Returns the TimeZone set through setDefaultTimeZone.
Gets a Descriptor object corresponding to a sql type.
Returns the name of the algorithm that is used for data encryption by the thin driver on the network.
Gets the current end to end tracing context id sequence number.
Gets the values of the end-to-end metrics, if any.
getExplicitCachingEnabled Returns true if the explicit cache is currently enabled, false otherwise.
getImplicitCachingEnabled Returns true if the implicit cache is currently enabled, false otherwise.
Checks whether or not synonyms information is included in DatabaseMetaData.getColumns.
Checks whether or not a call of getTables or getColumns of the DatabaseMetaData interface will report the REMARKS column.
Gets the restriction status of the returned data in DatabaseMetaData.getTables.
Obtain Oracle session time zone region name.
Obtain the time zone offset in hours of the current database session.
getStatementCacheSize Returns the current size of the application cache.
getStatementWithKey Searches the explicit cache for a match on key.
Obtain the Oracle identifier of the character set used in STRUCT attributes.
Obtain the type descriptors associated with object types or arrays from an array of scheama and type names.
Obtain the type descriptors associated with object types or array in a schema from an array of type names.
Returns the unmatched connection Attributes from the underlying PooledConnection.
Gets the user name of the current connection.
Method that returns a boolean indicating whether its a logical connection or not.
Returns true if the current session associated with this connection is a proxy session.
Identifies whether this connection is still usable for JDBC operations.
Opens a new proxy session with the username provided in the prop argument and switches to this new session.
This feature is supported for both thin and oci driver.
OracleConnection.PROXYTYPE_USER_NAME : In this type PROXY_USER_NAME needs to be provided in prop.
Removes the given OracleSavepoint object from the current transaction.
Undoes all changes made after the given OracleSavepoint object was set.
Creates an unnamed savepoint in the current transaction and returns the new OracleSavepoint object that represents it.
Creates a savepoint with the given name in the current transaction and returns the new OracleSavepoint object that represents it.
Ping Database server to see if both database and the connection are actively up.
Deprecated. This is same as prepareCall, except if a Callable Statement with the given KEY exists in the Cache, then the statement is returned AS IT IS when it was closed and cached with this KEY. An object returned from the Cache based on Key will have its state set to "KEYED". If no such Callable Statement is found, then null is returned. Key cannot be null.
Deprecated. This is same as prepareStatement, except if a Prepared Statement with the given KEY exists in the Cache, then the statement is returned AS IT IS when it was closed and cached with this KEY. An object returned from the Cache based on Key will have its state set to "KEYED". If no such Prepared Statement is found, a null is returned. Key cannot be null.
purgeExplicitCache Removes all existing statements from the explicit cache, after which it will be empty.
purgeImplicitCache Removes all existing statements from the implicit cache, after which it will be empty.
Store the Object Descriptor for later usage.
Registers your interest into being notified when a message is enqueued in a particular queue (or array of queues).
Registers the connection cache callback on the logical connection This is used in conjunction with the Implicit Connection Cache Properties.
Creates a new database change registration.
Register an application TAF Callback instance that will be called when an application failover occurs.
When this is set to true, any new statements created from this connection will be created as a REF CURSOR.
Sets a default batch value for the Oracle update batching model (the default value is 1).
Sets the value of row prefetch for all statements associated with this connection and created after this value was set.
The TimeZone to be used while creating java.sql.Date, java.sql.Time & java.sql.Timestamp.
Sets the values of the end-to-end tracing metrics.
setExplicitCachingEnabled Enables or disables the explicit cache.
setImplicitCachingEnabled Enables or disables the implicit cache.
Turns on or off retrieval of synonym information in DatabaseMetaData.
Turns on or off the reporting of the REMARKS columns by the getTables and getColumns calls of the DatabaseMetaData interface.
Turns on or off the restriction of the returned data in DatabaseMetaData.getTables.
Set the session time zone.
setStatementCacheSize Specifies the size of the size of the application cache (which will be used by both implicit and explicit caching).
Shuts the database server down.
Starts the database server up.
Deletes a given AQ registration.
Deletes a given database change registration.
Deletes a given database change registration in the server.
Return the wrapped object if any else null.
This is applicable only for the thin driver. Pass "true" to retain the V9 bind behavior for Long and potential long binds. "false" is the default behavior which would emulate the same behavior as in OCI driver.
The value of this property is used as the user name when connecting to the database. Note that there are other ways to set the username: in the URL or in a wallet but the value of this property overwrites any other value.
Stream chunk size for input streams. The minimum size is 4096.
If the value of this property is "true", the JDBC PreparedStatement setFloat and setDouble API's convert float and double values to the internal binary format for BINARY_FLOAT or BINARY_DOUBLE before sending to the database. If the property is not set or set to other than "true", the setFloat and setDouble API's convert float and double values to the internal format for NUMBER. See the javadoc for setBinaryFloat in oracle.jdbc.PreparedStatement. Use only for 10g or later databases.
Set the name of the native library for the oci driver. If not set, the default name, libocijdbcX (X is a version number), is used.
Use this connection property to change the value that will show up in the "terminal" column of the "v$session" table for this connection. Note that this setting only applies to the thin driver.
Use this connection property to change the value that will show up in the "machine" column of the "v$session" table for this connection. Note that this setting only applies to the thin driver.
If you don't specify a value, by default, the driver will attempt to retrieve your host name. If the attempt fails, it will use "jdbcclient".
By default, the driver retrieves the OS username from the "user.name" system property which is set by the JVM. You can however override this value by using this connection property (thin driver only).
The OS username will show up in the "osuser" column of the "v$session" table for this connection.
If you don't specify any value and if the JVM's "user.name" system property is null, the value will be set to "jdbcuser".
Use this connection property to change the value that will show up in the "program" column of the "v$session" table for this connection. Note that this setting only applies to the thin driver.
Use this connection property to change the value that will show up in the "process" column of the "v$session" table for this connection. Note that this setting only applies to the thin driver.
Use this connection property to turn on the authentication adaptors. The adaptors are "RADIUS", "KERBEROS" or "TCPS" which is SSL authentication.
"REJECTED": Select this value if you do not elect to enable the encryption service, even if required by the other side. In this scenario, this side of the connection specifies that the encryption service is not permitted. If the other side is set to REQUIRED, the connection terminates with error message ORA-12650. If the other side is set to REQUESTED, ACCEPTED, or REJECTED, the connection continues without error and without the encryption service enabled.
"ACCEPTED": Select this value to enable the encryption service if required or requested by the other side. In this scenario, this side of the connection does not require the encryption service, but it is enabled if the other side is set to REQUIRED or REQUESTED. If the other side is set to REQUIRED or REQUESTED, and an encryption algorithm match is found, the connection continues without error and with the encryption service enabled. If the other side is set to REQUIRED and no algorithm match is found, the connection terminates with error message ORA-12650. If the other side is set to REQUESTED and no algorithm match is found, or if the other side is set to ACCEPTED or REJECTED, the connection continues without error and without the security service enabled.
"REQUESTED": Select this value to enable the encryption service if the other side permits it. In this scenario, this side of the connection specifies that the security service is desired but not required. The security service is enabled if the other side specifies ACCEPTED, REQUESTED, or REQUIRED. There must be a matching algorithm available on the other side--otherwise the service is not enabled. If the other side specifies REQUIRED and there is no matching algorithm, the connection fails.
"REQUIRED": Select this value to enable the encryption service or preclude the connection. In this scenario, this side of the connection specifies that the encryption service must be enabled. The connection fails if the other side specifies REJECTED or if there is no compatible algorithm on the other side.
Use this connection property to specify the encryption seed (between 10 and 70 random characters). The encryption seed for the client should not be the same as that for the server. Note that you don't have to specify a seed on the client.
Read timeout while reading from the socket. This affects thin driver only. Timeout is in milliseconds.
Thin uses out of band breaks by default from 11g onwards. If the user prefers to use Inband breaks instead of Out of Band ones then this property could be set to true.
The thin driver uses the zero-copy IO codepath for SecureFile Lobs by default from 11gR2 onwards. To use the regular codepath, set this property to "false".
Obtain TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE value in GMT than adjusting the same to local time zone. default is true.
Create an SSL connection if the TCPS protocol is enabled. The wallet is used for both the truststore and the keystore and overwrites the JSSE properties.
Note that if you don't use SSO wallets but PKCS12 wallets, you must provide the wallet password through the "oracle.net.wallet_password" property.
Use this property to set the wallet password which is only required if you don't enable enable auto-login in the wallet. In this case "ewallet.p12" will be used instead of "cwallet.sso".
For example if a database user "proxyclient" is setup to connect through another user called "proxy", then you would set the value of this property to "proxyclient".
Note that this connection property can be used to obtain a proxy client connection from scratch and in this model there is only one database session involved instead of two when you first create a regular connection as "proxy" and then call openProxySession(...) to obtain a proxy client session. This is called the single-session proxy model which works with XA as opposed to the double-session proxy model.
In case of Jdbc-OCI drivers the data is copied from C layer to Java using Jni array copy api. Alternatively by setting this property to "true" the user can instruct the driver to copy data using NIO. Note that the feature would enabled if the underlying JVM supports NIO in JNI layer. The flag is turned off by default (set to false).
This connection property can be used to specify a name for the "application edition" which will then appear in the database in the 'USERENV' context. The value is sent to the server at connection time.
should return the same value.
Note that this property can also be set as a system property.
The value of this property is used as the user name when performing an internal logon. Usually this will be "SYS" or "SYSDBA".
The user has to provide fully qualified ADT name ([username].[adt name]) for all ADT operations. However, if the user does not provide fully qualified name, the user name provided during login is appended to the ADT name to obtain fully qualified name. This is also the behavior when this flag is set to false.
The user also has an option to append the CURRENT_USER value to the ADT name to obtain fully qualified name by setting this property to true. Note that it takes a network round trip to fetch the CURRENT_SCHEMA value.
The default value of this flag is false which means that the driver appends the user name used to login as the user name to append to the ADT name.
The LOB prefetch size can be overriden at the statement level through the setLobPrefetchSize(int) which is defined in oracle.jdbc.OracleStatement. The statement level LOB prefetch size can be overriden at the column level through the defineColumnType method.
The value can be "-1" to disable LOB prefetch for this connection, "0" to enable LOB prefetch for meta-data only or any value greater than 0 which represents a number of bytes for BLOBs and chars for CLOBs to be prefetched along with the locator during fetch operations. The default value for this property is "4000".
If the value of this property is "true", OracleDatabaseMetaData will include remarks in the meta data. This can result in a substantial reduction in performance.
If the value of this property is "true", JDBC will return a more refined value for DatabaseMeta.getTables. By default JDBC will return things that are not accessible tables. These can be non-table objects or accessible synonymns for inaccessible tables. If this property is true JDBC will return only accessible tables. This has a substantial performance penalty.
When using Oracle style batching, JDBC determines when to flush a batch to the database. If this property is true, then the number of modified rows accumulated across all batches flushed from a single statement. The default is to count each batch separately.
If the value of this property is "true", then JDBC will prefetch rows even though there is a LONG or LONG RAW column in the result. By default JDBC fetches only one row at a time if there are LONG or LONG RAW columns in the result. Setting this property to "true" can improve performance but can also cause SQLExceptions if the results are too big.
If the value of this property is "true", JDBC will use FIXED CHAR semantic when setObject is called with a String argument. By default JDBC uses VARCHAR semantics. The difference is in blank padding. With the default there is no blank padding so, for example, 'a' does not equal 'a ' in a CHAR(4). If true these two will be equal.
Disable the method OracleStatement.defineColumnType when equal "true". When this connection property has the value true, the method defineColumnType is has no effect. This is highly recommended when using the Thin driver, especially when the database character set contains four byte characters that expand to two UCS2 surrogate characters, e.g. AL32UTF8. The method defineColumnType provides no performance benefit (or any other benefit) when used with the 10g Thin driver. This property is provided so that you do not have to remove the calls from your code. This is especially valuable if you use the same code with Thin driver and either the OCI or Server Internal driver.
Convert NCHAR literals to Unicode literals when equal "true". The default is true.
If the value of this property is "true", JDBC uses strict compliance for some edge cases. In general Oracle's JDBC drivers will allow some operations that are not permitted in the strict interpretation of J2EE 1.3. Setting this property to true will cause those cases to throw SQLExceptions. There are some other edge cases where Oracle's JDBC drivers have slightly different behavior than defined in J2EE 1.3. This results from Oracle having defined the behavior prior to the J2EE 1.3 specification and the resultant need for compatibility with existing customer code. Setting this property will result in full J2EE 1.3 compliance at the cost of incompatibility with some customer code. Can be either a system property or a connection property.
This connection property lets you define how the driver will map SQL DATE values in the database to Java types. Since Oracle SQL DATE includes a time component and java.sql.Date does not, mapping DATE to java.sql.Date looses information. It is more appropriate to map DATE to java.sql.Timestamp and that is the default behavior.
The 9i and 10g drivers mistakenly mapped DATE to java.sql.Date by default. Setting this property to false will cause the driver to map SQL DATE to java.util.Date with the corresponding loss of time information in each DATE value. This is for backwards compatibility only.
If true, the statement data buffers are cached on a per thread basis. If false, the data buffers are cached on a per connection basis. These buffers can be quite large. It is important that the number of them be minimized.
In most cases you should use the per connection cache. However if your app has many more idle connections than active connections at any given moment then using the thread local cache may reduce the total JDBC driver memory footprint. If you are not having a problem with Java heap size, leave this alone.
The value passed to the server for the OCI_ATTR_DRIVER_NAME. This property is supported with both the OCI and Thin drivers. The attribute aids in diagnosability. In most cases you should not need to set it. The value is limited to a maximum of 8 printable 7-bit ASCII characters. The default value depends on which driver is used. The default value for the THIN driver is "jdbcthin" and the default value for the OCI driver is "jdbcoci".
The size in bytes of the largest internal char or byte data buffer that the driver should cache. The driver uses char and byte buffers to retrieve query results. These buffers can be quite large and are cached. If some queries create particularly large buffers, this will force the driver to use this large buffer size for all queries. It is better to reduce the buffer size of those queries by setting their fetch_size to a smaller value, but if that is impractical, you can set this property to prevent these large buffers from being cached. The appropriate value depends on the heap size, number of connections open, number of statements open at once, and fraction of the heap that can be allocated to JDBC. A reasonable starting point for a middle-tier application server might be 2MB. But it bears repating that you are better off setting the fetch size of the problematic statements, if possible.
This connection property lets you define a default commit option that will be used when calling connection.commit();. This can be useful in cases where you don't want to rewrite your application to specify a commit option at the call level, such as connection.commit(myCommitOption);.
This property can be set at the system level (all connections will use it) or at the connection level (only that particular connection will be affected). A call level commit option will override the default value.
Note that by default, if you don't set this property, the commit option is '0', zero, and the Oracle server's defaults apply. These defaults are: IMMEDIATE and WAIT (IO operations are done immediately and the call waits until the operation has completed to return).
Define return values for pingDatabase api The physical database connection is not closed and the database is reachable. SQL requests my succeed.
Define return values for pingDatabase api The physical database connection is closed. SQL requests will fail.
Define return values for pingDatabase api The physical database connection is not closed but the database is not reachable. SQL requests will fail.
Define return values for pingDatabase api The call timed out before any positive or negative acknowledgement was received. SQL requests may or may not succeed.
Values used for close(int). The connection is no longer useable.
OracleConnection.PROXYTYPE_CERTIFICATE : In this type PROXY_CERTIFICATE has to be set in prop. The value is a bytep which contains the certificate.
Roles can also be provided in the property argument. The key is OracleConnection.PROXY_ROLES. The value is a String which contains the roles.
The batch value from the connection is used for all prepared statements associated with this connection. A different batch value can also be defined for individual prepared statements. This can be done by using OraclePreparedStatement.setExecuteBatch, which will override the default value provided from the connection. Therefore, the batch value returned by this getDefaultExecuteBatch entrypoint is valid for prepared statements for which you have not defined a different batch value.
The following code retrieves the default batch value of the connection conn.
The row-prefetching feature associates an integer row-prefetch setting with a given statement object. JDBC fetches that number of rows at a time from the database during the query. That is, JDBC will fetch N rows that match the query criteria and bring them all back to the client at once, where N is the prefetch setting. Then, once your next calls have run through those N rows, JDBC will go back to fetch the next N rows that match the criteria.
You can set the number of rows to prefetch for a particular Oracle statement (any type of statement). You can also reset the default number of rows that will be prefetched for all statements in your connection with the setDefaultRowPrefetch method. Therefore, the row prefetch value returned by this getDefaultRowPrefetch entrypoint is valid for statements for which you have not defined a different row prefetch value.
The default number of rows to prefetch to the client is 10.
Gets the values of the end-to-end metrics, if any. Does not include the sequence number. If DMS is in use and metrics have been set via DMS, this method will return the metrics set via DMS, not those set via setEndToEndMetrics. The DMS metric override the metrics set by setEndToEndMetrics.
Checks whether or not synonyms information is included in DatabaseMetaData.getColumns. By default and for performance reasons it won't but you can change this with the setIncludeSynonyms method.
The default behavior is to return information about all synonyms, including those which do not point to accessible tables or views. But you can change this with the setRestrictGetTables method.
By default and for performance reasons it won't (it will return null) but you can change this with the setRemarksReporting method.
Obtain the Oracle identifier of the character set used in STRUCT attributes. Note that the network transport layer always send structure attributes in the database character set.
the Oracle identifier of the character set.
oracle.sql.CharacterSet for the set of constants defined for the identifiers."
Gets the value of the UsingXA flag which the driver sets to true when using XA to manage distributed transactions. If you are not using distributed transactions with the XA library, the value of the UsingXA flag will be false.
true when using XA to manage distributed transactions and false otherwise.
Gets the value of the XAError flag which is used with distributed transactions.
When using distributed transactions with an XA library, you can ask the driver to raise exception when doing anything that might require a transaction. To do so, set the value of the XAError flag to true with the method setXAErrorFlag.
false is the normal JDBC usage. true means that the driver will raise an exception when doing anything that might require a transaction.
DATABASE_OK if the database server is up, and DATABASE_CLOSED if any error occurs.
set auto-close mode. Only true is accepted.
You can reduce the number of round trips to the database, thereby improving application performance, by grouping multiple UPDATE, DELETE, or INSERT statements into a single "batch" and having the whole batch sent to the database and processed in one trip. To do this, you can either use the Oracle update batching model or the batch updates of the Sun Microsystems JDBC 2.0 specification. The standard model is a manual, explicit model (there is no batch value) whereas the Oracle model is an implicit model.
Note: It is important to be aware that you cannot mix theses models. In any single application, you can use the syntax of one model or the other, but not both. The Oracle JDBC driver will throw exceptions when you mix these syntaxes.
The Oracle update batching feature associates a batch value (limit) with each prepared statement object (this way the driver knows in advance how many operations will be batched). With Oracle update batching, instead of the JDBC driver executing a prepared statement each time its executeUpdate method is called, the driver adds the statement to a batch of accumulated execution requests. The driver will pass all the operations to the database for execution once the batch value is reached. For example, if the batch value is 10, then each batch of 10 operations will be sent to the database and processed in one trip.
Even though this sets the default batch value for all the prepared statements of the connection, you can override it by calling setDefaultBatch on individual Oracle prepared statements. The connection batch value will apply to statement objects created after this batch value was set.
Note that instead of calling setDefaultExecuteBatch, you can set the defaultBatchValue Java property if you use a Java Properties object in establishing the connection.
Oracle update batching supports only Oracle prepared statement objects. In an Oracle callable statement, both the connection default batch value and the statement batch value are overridden with a value of 1. In an Oracle generic statement, there is no statement batch value, and the connection default batch value is overridden with a value of 1.
Note that because Oracle update batching is vendor-specific, you must actually use (or cast to) OraclePreparedStatement objects, not general PreparedStatement objects.
To adhere to the JDBC 2.0 standard, Oracle's implementation of standard update batching supports callable statements and generic statements, as well as prepared statements. You can migrate standard update batching syntax into an Oracle JDBC application without difficulty.
You can batch only UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE operations. Executing a batch that includes an operation that attempts to return a result set will cause an exception.
Note that with standard update batching model, you can use either standard PreparedStatement, CallableStatement, and Statement objects, or Oracle-specific OraclePreparedStatement, OracleCallableStatement, and OracleStatement objects.
By default, there is no statement batch value, and the connection (default) batch value is 1.
Batch values between 5 and 30 tend to be the most effective. Setting a very high value might even have a negative effect. It is worth trying different values to verify the effectiveness for your particular application.
Regardless of the batch value in effect, if any of the bind variables of an Oracle prepared statement is (or becomes) a stream type, then the Oracle JDBC driver sets the batch value to 1 and sends any queued requests to the database for execution.
The Oracle JDBC driver automatically executes the sendBatch method of an Oracle prepared statement in any of the following circumstances: 1) the connection receives a COMMIT request, either as a result of invoking the commit method or as a result of auto-commit mode; 2) the statement receives a close request; or 3) the connection receives a close request.
A connection COMMIT request, statement close, or connection close has no effect on a pending batch if you use standard update batching--only if you use Oracle update batching.
You can set the number of rows to prefetch for a particular Oracle statement (any type of statement) but this method allows you to reset the default number of rows that will be prefetched for all statements in your connection. The default number of rows to prefetch to the client is 10.
Use the setDefaultRowPrefetch method to set the default number of rows to prefetch, passing in an integer that specifies the desired default. If you want to check the current setting of the default, then use the getDefaultRowPrefetch method. This method returns an integer.
Note 1 : A statement object receives the default row-prefetch setting from the associated connection at the time the statement object is created. Subsequent changes to the connection's default row-prefetch setting have no effect on the statement's row-prefetch setting.
Note 2 : If a column of a result set is of datatype LONG or LONG RAW (that is, the streaming types), JDBC changes the statement's row-prefetch setting to 1, even if you never actually read a value of either of those types.
Note 3 : Do not mix the JDBC 2.0 fetch size API and the Oracle row-prefetching API in your application. You can use one or the other but not both.
Sets the values of the end-to-end tracing metrics. The indices for the array are the END_TO_END_XXX_INDEX values defined in this class. The values set by this method are overridden by any values set via DMS if DMS is in use.
metrics - String containing the metric values.
Turns on or off retrieval of synonym information in DatabaseMetaData. getColumns.
Similar to setRemarksReporting, getColumns performs extremely slow if information about synonyms has to be included, because it neccessitates an outer join so, by default, the JDBC driver will not report information about synonyms.
You can get synonym information by passing true to this method, and turn it off by passing false. You can also control this behavior by passing a property named "includeSynonyms" as "true" to DriverManager.getConnection.
synonyms - true if you want to retrieve synonym information in DatabaseMetaData.getColumns and false otherwise.
The DatabaseMetaData calls getTables and getColumns are extremely slow if the REMARKS column has to be reported as this necessitates an expensive outer join so by default the JDBC driver does not report the REMARKS columns.
You can turn the reporting of REMARKS on by passing a true argument to this method. You turn it back off by passing a false argument.
You can also control the reporting of REMARKS by passing a property named remarksReporting as true to the DriverManager.getConnection call.
reportRemarks - true if you want to turn on the reporting of the REMARKS columns and false otherwise.
Public synonyms can exist for tables to which you don't have access. Although the synonym itself is viewable, the underlying table is not.
Synonyms can exist for non-table objects, such as procedures, sequences, Java classes, etc.
As a result of the above issues, getTables can return rows containing objects that are not describable with getColumns, either because they are not accessible (issue 1) or because they are not tables or views (issue 2).
To remedy this, you can restrict the results of getTables to only those tables and views to which you have access. This is done by either passing true to this method, or by passing the restrictGetTables property as true to the DriverManager.getConnection call. The default behavior is to return information about all synonyms, including those which do not point to accessible tables or views.
Note that getTables can return more than one row for the same object, one for the object itself, and additional rows for any synonyms defined for that object. This is the case regardless of the setting for restrictGetTables.
restrict - true to turn on the restriction and false otherwise.
size - Requested size of the cache. If the existing cache size is less than size, statements will be purged to reduce the size.
java.sql.SQLException - if size < 0, or if called on a logical connection.
getStatementCacheSize Returns the current size of the application cache. This is valid on both physical and logical connections. If the statement cache has not been initialized with setStatementCacheSize(), then CACHE_SIZE_NOT_SET is returned.
setImplicitCachingEnabled Enables or disables the implicit cache. Note that this is independent of the cache size, set with setStatmentCacheSize().
cache - If true, then implicit caching will be enabled. If false, then any existing statements will be purged and the implicit cache will be disabled.
java.sql.SQLException - if called on a logical connection.
getImplicitCachingEnabled Returns true if the implicit cache is currently enabled, false otherwise. This method is valid on both logical and physical connections.
setExplicitCachingEnabled Enables or disables the explicit cache. Note that this is independent of the cache size, set with setStatmentCacheSize().
cache - If true, then explicit caching will be enabled. If false, then any existing statements will be purged and the explicit cache will be disabled.
getExplicitCachingEnabled Returns true if the explicit cache is currently enabled, false otherwise. This method is valid on both logical and physical connections.
purgeImplicitCache Removes all existing statements from the implicit cache, after which it will be empty. This method does not affect the size of the application cache, nor the enabled/disabled status.
purgeExplicitCache Removes all existing statements from the explicit cache, after which it will be empty. This method does not affect the size of the application cache, nor the enabled/disabled status.
getStatementWithKey Searches the explicit cache for a match on key. If found, the statement is returned, with the paramater and define metadata identical to the last usage. If no match is found, or if explicit caching is not enabled, then null is returned (as opposed to throwing an exception).
getCallWithKey Searches the explicit cache for a match on key. If found, the statement is returned, with the paramater and define metadata identical to the last usage. If no match is found, or if explicit caching is not enabled, then null is returned (as opposed to throwing an exception).
When using distributed transactions with XA, you can set the value of the UsingXA flag.
XA is a general standard (not specific to Java) for distributed transactions. You should use this method only when using XA.
By default, when using distributed transactions with XA, the driver will set the UsingXA flag to true and exceptions will be raised when you want to do anything with your logical connection that might require a transaction. Otherwise the flag UsingXA is always false.
If you are actually using distributed transactions with XA and you dislike the default behavior, you can set the flag back to false.
Sets the value of the XAError flag which is used with distributed transactions. When coexisting with an XA library, you can set the XAError flag to true and the driver will then raise an exception when doing anything that might require a transaction.
Shuts the database server down. This method requires to be connected as either SYSOPER or SYSDBA.
Starts the database server up. This method requires to be connected as either SYSOPER or SYSDBA in the PRELIM_AUTH mode which is the only mode permietted when the database is down (see the connection property CONNECTION_PROPERTY_PRELIM_AUTH).
When this is set to true, any new statements created from this connection will be created as a REF CURSOR. Only resultsets obtained from statements that are created as REF CURSORS can be returned from a Java Stored Procedure. This feature is supported by the server-side internal driver only, and is no-op in all other JDBC drivers.
To use the setCreateStatementAsRefCursor entrypoint you have to cast the Connection object to the type oracle.jdbc.OracleConnection.
To use the getCreateStatementAsRefCursor entrypoint you have to cast the Connection object to the type oracle.jdbc.OracleConnection.
regionName - Oracle session time zone region name.
Oracle session time zone region name.
Obtain the time zone offset in hours of the current database session. The result will always be accurate. In other words, you can execute "ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE ..." and then call this method, it will return the new value.
The value returned by this method is that same as the result of "SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE FROM DUAL;". The drivers may use some performance optimization to not use a roundtrip to the server so it is always preferrable to use this method.
Oracle session time zone in hours. For example "-7:00" or "0:00"
Return the underlying physical connection if this is a logical connection. Returns null otherwise.
Register an application TAF Callback instance that will be called when an application failover occurs. The TAF feature is only available in the Jdbc OCI driver.
obj - Context object in which any client's state can be stored and provided when the callback method is invoked.
java.sql.SQLException - if this method is invoked in drivers other than the Jdbc OCI driver.
Return the wrapped object if any else null. This method should not delegate to the wrapped object. Instead it should return the wrapped object.
Set the wrapping object. The argument is an object that wraps this object. Calling wrapper.unwrap() should return this.
Removes the given OracleSavepoint object from the current transaction. Any reference to the savepoint after it have been removed will cause an SQLException to be thrown.
Closes the given Logical connection, and returns the underlying PooledConnection to the implicit connection cache. The connection Attributes is set on the PooledConnection. If the connection Attributes passed is null, then a null value is set on the PooledConnection as well. When called on a physical connection, the connection Attributes passed in has no effect.
If opt is OracleConnection.INVALID_CONNECTION : Closes the given Logical connection, as well the underlying PooledConnection without returning the connection to the cache when called with the parameter INVALID_CONNECTION. If this API is called on a physical connection, the supplied parameter has no effect.
If opt is OracleConnection.PROXY_SESSION : Closes the proxy session (opened with openProxySession()).
Applies the connection Attributes provided on the underlying PooledConnection. The connection Attributes set via the close API overrides the value set by this API.
Returns the connection Attributes set on the underlying PooledConnection. This API returns null when called on a physical connection.
Returns the unmatched connection Attributes from the underlying PooledConnection. These are essentially the PooledConnection Attributes that did not match the ones from the connection request. This API returns null when called on a physical connection.
setting - Setting specified for ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_WARNINGS. Sample values are: "'ENABLE:ALL'", "'DISABLE:ALL'", "'ENALBLE:INFORMATIONAL'", etc. Please refer to the SQL reference of ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_WARNINGS for more information. If the setting is "'DISABLE:ALL'", jdbc drivers turn off PLSQL Compiler Warnings. Note: the quotes(') in the setting String are necessary.
This method creates an array of new AQ registrations in the database server with the given options. It also opens a listening socket which will be used by the database to send notifications. Note that mutiple registrations can share the same listening socket.
Each registration will continue to live after this connection is closed. You need to explicitly unregister it to destroy it in the server and release the resources in the driver.
This method uses one roundtrip.
name - contains an array of queue names ("SCOTT.MY_QUEUE") for single consumer queues or queue names with the consumer name ("SCOTT.MY_QUEUE:RECEIVER") for multiple consumer queues.
OracleConnection.NTF_QOS_RELIABLE: "true"/["false"]. Set this option to "true" to make the notifications persistent which comes at a performance cost.
OracleConnection.NTF_QOS_PURGE_ON_NTFN: "true"/["false"]. Set this option to "true" and the registration will be expunged on the first notification event.
OracleConnection.NTF_TIMEOUT: value in seconds "60"/["0"]. Specifies the time in seconds after which the registration is automatically expunged by the database. The default is "0": the registration lives until explicitly deregistered.
OracleConnection.NTF_AQ_PAYLOAD: "true"/["false"]. Sets this to "true" to make the server send the payload within the notification. Note that this feature works only with "RAW" payloads.
OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_CLASS: OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_CLASS_TIME/[OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_CLASS_NONE]. Notification Grouping Class, the criterion or dimension for grouping. As of 11.2 the only supported class is OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_CLASS_TIME meaning grouping by time, that is, the user specifies a time value and a single notification gets published at the end of that time. To use grouping at least this option must be specified to a value other than the default OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_CLASS_NONE, which is no grouping.
OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_VALUE: "1200/["600"]. Notification Grouping Value, the value of the grouping class. The value must be an integer number. For the TIME grouping class, this value represents a number of seconds, meaning the time after which grouped notifications are sent. If not specified, it defaults to 600 sec.
OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_TYPE: OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_TYPE_LAST/[OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_TYPE_SUMMARY]. Notification Grouping Type, the format of grouping notification. It can either contain the summary of all events (default) or the last event in the group.
OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_START_TIME: When to start grouping? Notification grouping can start from a user-specified time that should a valid timestamp with time zone, that is an instance of oracle.sql.TIMESTAMPTZ. If this option is not specified when using grouping, it defaults to current system time. For example if prop was the option properties, and conn the connection object, you would call: prop.put(OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_START_TIME,new TIMESTAMPTZ(conn,"2007-06-21 10:10:00.0"));.
OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_REPEAT_TIME: "100/[NTF_GROUPING_REPEAT_FOREVER]". How many times do grouping? Grouping notifications will be sent as many times as specified by the notification grouping repeat count and after that revert to regular notifications. If not specified, it will default to: NTF_GROUPING_REPEAT_FOREVER - keep sending grouping notifications forever.
OracleConnection.NTF_LOCAL_TCP_PORT: "1234"/[NTF_DEFAULT_TCP_PORT]. This option lets you specify what TCP port the driver should use for the listening socket. If you don't specify a port, the driver will use NTF_DEFAULT_TCP_PORT and if it's already used, it will increment it by one until it finds one that is available.
OracleConnection.NTF_LOCAL_HOST: example "212.121.134.12". Use this option to manually specify the IP address of the machine that will receive the notifications from the server. Use this option with caution: only specify the IP address of the local machine when the driver is unable to find it out on its own (it uses InetAddress.getLocalHost() ). For example if the machine on which runs the JDBC driver is a VPN client, you may have to specify the IP address of the VPN client which the driver cannot find out on its own. This option should not be used to attempt to have a different remote host receive the notifications from the server.
Deletes a given AQ registration. The registration will be destroyed in the server and in the driver (the network listener will be closed if it's not used anymore).
queueName - name of the queue from which to dequeue.
tdo - the Type Descriptor Object OID of the type of the queue.
typeName - the name of the type of the queue. For example, it can be "RAW", "SYS.ANYDATA" or "SCOTT.MY_OBJECT_TYPE".
queueName - name of the queue where to enqueue.
mesg - the AQ message to enqueue.
This method creates a new database change registration in the database server with the given options. It also opens a listening socket which will be used by the database to send notifications. Note that if there already is a listening socket (created by a different registration), then it will be used by this registration as well.
This method returns a DatabaseChangeRegistration object that can then be used to associate a statement with this registration.
The registration will continue to live after this connection is closed. You need to explicitly unregister it to destroy it in the server and release the resources in the driver.
OracleConnection.DCN_NOTIFY_ROWIDS: "true"/["false"]. Use this option to have the server send the ROWIDs of the row that have changed within the notification event. By default this feature is turned off.
OracleConnection.DCN_IGNORE_INSERTOP: "true"/["false"]. Use this option to tell the server to ignore INSERT operations.
OracleConnection.DCN_IGNORE_UPDATEOP: "true"/["false"]. Use this options to tell the server to ignore UPDATE operations.
OracleConnection.DCN_IGNORE_DELETEOP: "true"/["false"]. Use this options to tell the server to ignore DELETE operations.
OracleConnection.DCN_NOTIFY_CHANGELAG: "30"/["0"]. This is an int value (specified as a String), that can be used to specify the number of transactions by which the client is willing to lag behind. This option can be used by the client as a throttling mechanism for database change events. When this option is chosen, ROWID level granularity of information will not be available in the events, even if the DCN_NOTIFY_ROWIDS option was set to "true".
OracleConnection.DCN_QUERY_CHANGE_NOTIFICATION: "true"/["false"]. Use this option to activate query change notification instead of object change notification. Note that this option is only available in the database server starting in 11.1.
OracleConnection.DCN_BEST_EFFORT: "true"/["false"]. If a query has been successfully registered, by default there will be no FALSE positives. If this option is selected during registrations, then registrations on complex queries may still be allowed but notifications may have some FALSE positives, because full pruning may not be performed if determined to be too expensive. In the worst case notifications will be generated in response to any DML/DDL changes to underlying objects. Note that this option is ignored if the DCN_QUERY_CHANGE_NOTIFICATION isn't turned on. As DCN_QUERY_CHANGE_NOTIFICATION, this option is only available in the database server starting in 11.1.
OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_CLASS: OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_CLASS_TIME/[OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_CLASS_NONE]. Notification Grouping Class, the criterion or dimension for grouping. The only supported class is OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_CLASS_TIME meaning grouping by time, that is, the user specifies a time value and a single notification gets published at the end of that time. To use grouping at least this option must be specified to a value other than the default OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_CLASS_NONE, which is no grouping.
OracleConnection.NTF_GROUPING_REPEAT_TIME: "100"/[NTF_GROUPING_REPEAT_FOREVER]. How many times do grouping? Grouping notifications will be sent as many times as specified by the notification grouping repeat count and after that revert to regular notifications. If not specified, it will default to: NTF_GROUPING_REPEAT_FOREVER - keep sending grouping notifications forever.
This method can be used if you create a registration through PLSQL and you want to associate a JDBC statement with it.
This method doesn't create a new listener on the JDBC driver side and DatabaseChangeEvent won't be created. Thus you won't be allowed to attach any listeners to this registration.
Note that this method doesn't generate any roundtrip to the database.
Deletes a given database change registration. The registration will be destroyed in the server and in the driver (the network listener will be closed if it's not used anymore).
Deletes a given database change registration in the server. This method doesn't free any resources in the drivers.
This method should only be used to close a registration that was created outside of JDBC, for example a registration that was created with PLSQL.
Creates a DATE that has the given value. The value is interpreted as being in the time zone represented by cal.
Creates a new TIMESTAMPTZ with the given value. The value is interpreted in the time zone of the calendar.
Creates a new TIMESTAMPLTZ with the given value. The value is interpreted in the time zone of the calendar.
Performs an immediate (asynchronous) termination of any currently executing operation on this connection. It is normally used to stop a long-running JDBC call being processed on the server. It can be called by a user thread in multithreaded applications.
For example, in the context of AQ, it can be used to cancel a 'dequeue' call that is waiting for a new message to be enqueued.
Calling abort() on an open connection does the following: marks the connection as closed, closes any sockets or other primitive connections to the database, and insures that any thread that is currently accessing the connection will either progress to completion of the JDBC call or throw an exception. Calling abort() on a closed connection does nothing. It is critical to note that abort() does not hang. It does not block because of pending database operations. In particular it is not synchronized. Since typically abort() will be called when it appears that the connection is dead, any attempt to communicate with the database via blocking IO is likely to hang and is not attempted. As such, abort leaves the connection in a unknown state. Although abort marks the connection as closed, it does not release any local resources as it cannot do so safely; it is not synchronized. It is recommended to call Connection.close() after calling abort. Connection.close() will recognize that connection has been aborted and will clean up local resources, even though the connection has already been marked as closed. Since Connection.close is synchronized it may hang briefly while any thread that has a lock on the connection completes and releases the lock. Recall that after calling abort any thread that is using the connection will be able to proceed to completion or will throw an exception. abort is very different from OracleConnection.cancel. cancel gracefully stops the execution of any SQL operation. It is a synchronous operation that communicates with the database. It leaves the connection and the statements in a well-known and usable state. In contrast abort tears down the client side network connection to the database, leaving the server to clean up as best it can whenever it discovers that the connection has been broken. abort does not clean up client side resources and leaves the connection and associated statements in an unknown and unusable state. The only valid thing to do with a connection after calling abort is to call close and then discard the connection object. After calling cancel the app can continue to use the connection and statements. If there is a security manager, its checkPermission method is called with an oracle.jdbc.OracleSQLPermission("callAbort") permission to see if the caller has permission to abort a connection. If the caller does not have permission, a SecurityException is thrown. See the ojdbc.policy file in the demo directory for help in granting the appropriate permissions when using a SecurityManager with Oracle JDBC. The best use of the abort() call is in the layer that manages connections such as the connection pool. Stale or invalid connections may often appear to hang when an application thread is blocked on a network call. Connection pools may implement a cleaner thread, that simply looks for such stale connections and issues the abort() call. This results in releasing all client handles and resources without expecting an acknowledgement from the database backend. There is no need for user code to call abort when using an Oracle connection pool such as the Implicit Connection Cache or the Universal Connection Pool as these connection pools will call abort when necessary.
Obtain all the type descriptors associated with object types or array in the schema of this connection. Note that synonyms are not suportted. Requires an internal PL/SQL package that is present only in database 11 and above.
An array of the appropriate descriptors for Arrays or Structs depending on the type names found.
Obtain the type descriptors associated with object types or array in a schema from an array of type names. Note that synonyms are not suportted. Requires an internal PL/SQL package that is present only in database 11 and above.
An - array of Strings which are type names. Use upper case unless the type names are mixed case names.
java.sql.SQLException - if the specified type does not exist, or if an error occurred.
Obtain the type descriptors associated with object types or arrays from an array of scheama and type names. Note that synonyms are not suportted. Requires an internal PL/SQL package that is present only in database 11 and above.
An - array of arrays of Strings which are pairs of schema and type names.
java.sql.SQLException - if any of the specified types does not exist, or if an error occurs.
Returns the name of the algorithm that is used for data integrity checking by the thin driver on the network. Returns "" when there is no data integrity checking.
Returns the name of the algorithm that is used for data encryption by the thin driver on the network. Returns "" when the data isn't encrypted on the network.
Returns the name of the adaptor that is used for authentication by the thin driver. Returns "" for basic user/password authenticatin.
true if this connection is usable; false otherwise.
Default - TimeZone to be used for all Date, Time and Timestamp conversions.
TimeZone set through setDefaultTimeZone. Returns null if TimeZone if setDefaultTimeZone in not invoked with proper values.


> > My terminal started with a very strange behavior today.
> > Many programs are not displaying correctly and I don't know why.
> > The two windows at the top are displaying the "nano" and "top"
> > programs using putty.
> > As you can see, the visual of the applications is different, and that's not all.
> > problem. Actually, any visual enhancement is not working properly.
> > Even grep with --color option isn't working correctly.
> > tool specific setting.
> > The problem also occurs when using cygwin in the local machine.
> > don't have an idea whats wrong.
> > cygwin caused this).
> What's the server? Are you connecting with cygwin ssh (i.e.
> 'cygwin'. or, if the server doesn't know that, 'vt100' should do.
> You might also want to try mintty (where TERM should be 'xterm').
server at all (just the local installation of cygwin).


text:
Morgan Horse Logo Examples
Morgan Horse Logo Designs Steeped in History
The earliest breed developed in the United States, Morgan horses have influenced major American breeds such as the American Quarter Horse, Tennessee walking horse, and the Standardbred. Tracing its foundations, surrounded by myths and conspiracies, Morgans have played many roles of being used as coach horses, general riding animals, and harness racing and cavalry horses in the American Civil War. The state animal of Vermont, state horse of Massachusetts, and state mammal of Rhode Island; Morgans are compact, versatile, refined, and come in chestnut, black, bay, and several variations of pinto. The Morgans have been exported to other countries such as England and the breed has been portrayed in children's books and Disney movies. Used in almost all equine industries, Morgans have officially one standard breed regardless of discipline and bloodline.
Follow @eqgraphics on Instagram to view more Morgan Horse logo designs.
Morgan Horse Logo Conformation, Style and Type
Morgans have strong legs, broad forehead, prominent eyes, and well-defined withers, laid shoulders, arched neck, and an expressive head. They have a slightly convex profile, short back, muscled hindquarters, long croup, and a tail they carry straight and with grace. The individuals are powerful horses and easy keepers with a collected, balanced, and animated trot. Morgans can perform an immediate speed gait; they have personality and an eager way of walking. Morgans come in many shades, commonly in gray, roan, dun, and silver dapple. Cream dilutions include palomino, buckskin, cremello, perlino whereas recognized pinto colors are sabino, over, and splashed white.
Morgan Horse Logos for all Types of Morgans
Throughout centuries, Morgans have been known for their utilitarian purposes. They have been widely used in harness racing and trotting races and pulling coaches due to their calm temperament. They have also been used as stock horses, in general riding and light driving work. The breed has been used by miners and the army in civil war for riding and harness. The breed has also been integrated into the Texan horse herds which played a significant role in the development of Quarter horse and Missouri Fox Trotter. The extensive breeding and integrating has resulted in a virtual disappearance of the original horse as few remain in isolated landscapes.
The Versatility of the Morgan Horse Breed
The versatility of Morgans has given them a distinguished place in both English and Western sports events, which we strive to showcase in our Morgan Horse logo designs. They have been known for their performance in dressage, show jumping, cutting, endurance riding, and western pleasure shows. From pleasure riding to driving competitions, this breed is being used as stock horses and carriage drivers. Their smooth movement and gentle nature have also made them ideal for a relatively new discipline of therapeutic riding in the equine industry.
Morgan Horse Logo Design
The custom logo design for any business that utilizes Morgans is well-thought-out, aesthetically calm and complete, and extremely precise. The font style and palette developed are bold to achieve a contrast within the logo design that can highlight the breed's instinct, stamina, and vigor. The skillful art upholds the horse's reputation of being intelligent, courageous, and exhibiting a good disposition. The distinctive look of the logo is a confirmation of the endurance, speed, temperament, and athleticism of the breed.
One of the things that differentiates EQ Graphics' logo design services from those of a traditional logo design company, is our deep rooted knowledge in the equine industry. Our hand-drawn, custom Morgan horse logos are crafted by artists with years of horse experience. We are extremely familiar with the modern 'saddleseat type' Morgans, the versatile 'sport type' horses and the traditional 'foundation type' Morgan horses across all disciplines. Whether you are a Lippitt breeder producing the ideal mount for Cowboy Dressage, or you have a full string of GCH-WC's heading to OKC, our equine artists know and understand how to accurately portray the Morgan breed.
If you are branding or re-branding your AMHA venture, we would love to learn more about your vision and work with you to create a custom Morgan Horse logo that will represent your business with a professional brand identity you can be proud of.
Birch Grove Therapeutic Riding Center Logo
Birch Grove Therapeutic Riding Center is nestled in the valley of the breathtaking Alaska mountains, near Anchorage. Carrie Drury, a Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship (PATH) certified therapeutic riding instructor, helps...
Gallop is an equine-assisted therapy center located in Kfar HaNagid, Israel. This logo has a bit of a crazy story behind it, and oddly enough, it's not the only time this...
Pure Body Balance Logo
Anna Kudick founded Pure Body Balance in 2008, and initially focused on equine craniosacral therapy. Today, she is helping improve the mobility of both equestrians and their horses through massage therapy...
Red Rock Equine Veterinary Logo
Red Rock Equine Veterinary, based in Fall City, Washington, came to us with the simple request of designing a custom logo for their practice that would appeal to equestrian enthusiasts of...
Bulrush Equine Centre Logo
Bulrush Equine Centre is a beautiful boarding and training barn in Michigan City, Indiana that has a unique perk-the owner, Dr. Scott Baldwin, is a veterinarian. Aside from a pristine barn,...
Tuatha de Gypsies Logo
Fox Trot Photography Logo
Spotted Farm Miniature Horses Logo
MPM Sport Horses Logo
Most Recent Additions to Our Portfolio
Bjärkhults Gård Logo
Hill Country Reiners Logo
Friesians of Redtail Mountain Logo
SS Haras Montalvao Logo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Dec 1, 2000 Issue
Topical Steroid Effectiveness in Herpes Labialis Infection
Am Fam Physician. 2000 Dec 1;62(11):2514.
Treatment of herpes labialis infection has provided only modest benefits in controlling symptoms and shortening the duration of active infection, despite the recent addition of antiviral medication to the regimen. Corticosteroids are known to be beneficial in treating herpes zoster infection, but their effectiveness in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis infection is unknown. Spruance and McKeough evaluated the safety and effectiveness of adding topical corticosteroids to a systemic antiviral agent in the treatment of herpes labialis.
Adults with a history of recurrent sunlight-induced herpes labialis were eligible for the study. Those who met the study criteria were exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on a portion of the labia to induce a recurrence of infection. They were given the study medications and instructed to begin treatment within one hour after the first signs or symptoms of recurrence. Patients were randomized to receive famciclovir alone, in a dosage of 500 mg three times per day for five days, or famciclovir and topical fluocinonide three times per day for five days. Follow-up examinations to assess lesion development were conducted on the first two days after UVR exposure, and again on days 4, 8 and 21. Patients with identified lesions were followed daily for three days and then three times a week until the lesions healed. In addition, patients recorded their observations about lesion development and pain three times a day until the lesions healed.
Forty-nine patients were included in the study. Of these, 29 (60 percent) reported development of lesions within seven days of exposure. Maximum lesion area and pain during the outbreak were significantly reduced in patients taking combination therapy. In addition, patients taking combination therapy tended to have more aborted lesions compared with those receiving antiviral medication alone. The incidence of adverse events was minimal in both groups, with mild stinging and burning during the application of the gel being the most common side effects of the topical corticosteroid.
The authors conclude that the use of topical corticosteroids in combination with an antiviral agent appears to significantly improve the clinical course of recurrent herpes labialis infection, with only minor adverse reactions. The authors do caution, however, that theirs was a pilot study, and that more research is needed to confirm their findings.
KARL E. MILLER, M.D.
Spruance SL, McKeough MB. Combination treatment with famciclovir and a topical corticosteroid gel versus famciclovir alone for experimental ultraviolet radiation–induced herpes simplex labialis: a pilot study. J Infect Dis. June 2000;181:1906–10.
Home / Journals / afp / Vol. 62/No. 11(December 1, 2000) / Topical Steroid Effectiveness in Herpes Labialis Infection


Since 1974, Wood N' Wood has been an industry leader providing quality wood products. With more than 300 varieties of wood products through our distribution channels in the USA, Far East, Middle East, and South America, you are sure to find exactly what you are looking for.
Customer satisfaction is our priority, that's why when quality is an issue, there is no one better to trust than Wood N' Wood. We are always looking for new clients to meet their special needs. If you are interested and would like more information on any of our product line's such as; Moulding, Veneer, Lumber, Treated Lumber, Flooring (Solid and Engineered), please contact us. Our friendly staff is always waiting for your call. Remember, "When you seek wood, think Wood N' Wood" .


We have CDs and Tshirts! They will be mailed this month in several batches!
Thanks so much again for your support and your patience!
sam orr, Richie Lawrence and Katie Thomas, and 15 more people like this update.
All downloads and gifts have been sent out. The downloads went out many months ago and the other items, tshirst and cds over the past three months were sent. If you have not received your gift, please email evangelineelston@yahoo.com and I will research it for you. If you never filled out the survey after the campaign you won't be receiving anything because that is the only way we received contact and mailing information for the gifts.
Ray will be on Dutch radio tonight but I didn't recieved my download link. WHAT'S going on?
I still have not received anything ???


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Texas Health Says Almost 4,000 Patients Affected by Healthcare Data Breach
The Texas Health Physicians Group has recently revealed that there has been a data breach which has resulted in sensitive personal data of almost 4000 patients getting compromised.
HealthITSecurity reports- "Texas Health Physicians Group recently disclosed that an unauthorized third party had gained access to some of its email accounts, resulting in a healthcare data breach that affected close to 4,000 patients." The report further says- "Texas Health Physicians Group reported to the Office for Civil Rights that the breach affected 3,808 individuals."
The breach, which has led to hackers reportedly accessing personal information of patients, including names, dates of birth, addresses, medical record numbers, insurance information etc, was brought to light in January this year.
A notice from the Texas Health Physicians Group about the breach says- "On January 17, 2018, law enforcement advised us that an unauthorized third party may have gained access to some Texas Health email accounts in October 2017. Law enforcement indicated this was part of a larger incident affecting multiple entities across the country and did not just affect Texas Health entities and patients. They asked that we refrain from contacting our patients, so as not to impede the law enforcement investigation."
The Texas Health Physicians Group began internal investigation too, including hiring a leading forensic firm to assist in the process. The investigation helped determine that patients' data had indeed been compromised. The breach notice says- "The investigation determined that some patients' information may have been in the affected email accounts, and may have included patients' names, medical record numbers, dates of birth, addresses, insurance information, clinical information, and in some instances Social Security numbers and driver's license and state identification numbers. Law enforcement has now indicated we could notify our patients regarding this incident."
It's reported that the data breach has affected people who had received treatment at Texas Health primarily in 2017; the breach hasn't affected all patients of Texas Health. It is also reported that as per current information, no information has been misused in any way. But Texas Health chose to mail letters to the affected patients and even set up a call center to address their queries. One year free credit monitoring has been offered to those people whose social security numbers were included in the data that has reportedly been breached.
The Texas Health breach notice says- "We have no indication that any information has been misused in any way. However, in an abundance of caution, we mailed letters to affected patients on April 13, 2018, and established a dedicated call center to answer any questions they may have. For those patients whose Social Security numbers were included, we are offering one year of free credit monitoring. We recommend affected patients review any statements they receive from their health insurer. If patients see charges for services they did not receive, please contact the insurer immediately. If you believe you are affected and have not received a letter by May 1, 2018, please call 855-331-3705, Monday through Friday, between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. Central Time."
Oops! Gmail Spam Campaign Gone Wrong
Ransomware Attacks on the Low in 2018
Written by Kevin Jones - Updated on April 27, 2018


Please read the following rules and declarations carefully: they are provided for your own safety and information.
Significant mountain experience, allowing runners who haven't completed any races in the last 5 years a chance to take part . We will consider all mountain challanges such as the Dennis Rankin, Bob Graham Round, Ramsay Round, Paddy Buckley Round and more. If you are unsure, please email us at enquiries@mountainrun.co.ukbefore putting in your pre-race entry.
You must be confident of your own ability to enter and complete the race. You must be fit, and in good health on race day.
You must take responsibility for yourself, and fellow racers, during the race. Your ability to exercise Sound Mountain Judgement is vitally important. Small incremental errors can lead to disaster.
Any runner must halt their race to offer help to any fellow competitor who is in trouble or injured. The race directors will reward anyone who does stop to help. Anyone who is found not to have helped a fellow competitor may be disqualified and barred from entering any future Mountain Run events.
You must understand and know how to cope with the common injuries such as sprains, cuts and dehydration. You must be able to identify the signs of hyper- and hypothermia (elevated or lowered body temperature). You must also understand the onset of hyper- and hyponatremia (excessive or low levels of sodium in the blood), and have an understanding of the symptoms of rhabdomyalgia (breakdown of muscle tissue resulting in the release of muscle fibres into the bloodstream).
Your ability to self-rescue in the event of injury is a must. You must carry mapping (digital or analogue) to aid self-rescue, as noted in the Mandatory Kit list. We recommend the 1:40000 British Mountain Map Lake District produced by Harvey Maps. The carrying of GPS enabled devices is also encouraged.
You must not use earphones on the course, for safety reasons. It is important to be fully aware of your surroundings, wearing earphones does not allow this. Any competitor found running with earphones will risk disqualification.
You must carry the mandatory kit at all times.
You must follow the countryside code, especially in relation to shutting gates. It is strictly forbidden to climb any walls or fences.
You must stay on the fully way-marked course and to deviate from this will risk disqualification from the race.
You must follow either the race route (or the bad-weather route, if this is implemented), as dictated by the Race Director or any race officials or course marshals. Any 'on the hill' safety announcements from marshals must be adhered to - these might include race abandonment or instructions to wear waterproofs. The Race Director reserves the right to cancel the race in extreme circumstances.
Intense or prolonged rain before the event may cause river levels to rise rapidly. If you reach an impassable stream, please move UPSTREAM to cross safely.
Race numbers must be worn on the front of your chest, and mustnot be obscured during the race. Race numbers must be given to marshals on the course. This is an important safety feature. Failure do this will risk disqualification from the race.
Although we love dogs, we regret that running with dogs is not allowed at Lakes Sky Ultra. This is for many sensible reasons, including all the farmers land we run across! Please do not attempt to run with your dog: you will be disqualified, and risk being banned from this event and all future Skyrunning UK events.
We will utilise SportIdent timing and GPS Tracking devices, and you will be issued with a 'dibber' and GPS tracking device. Failure to 'dib' at any of the checkpoints or control boxes on the course will result in disqualification.
You must report back to the Race Director/Timekeeper at the Event Centre when you finish or if you retire from the race. You must return your SportIdent timing chip and GPS tracking device: this is THE GOLDEN RULE. Failure to do so will risk disqualification from the event.
Lost or damaged SportIdent dibbers will result in a £30 charge; un-returned or damaged GPS trackers will be charged at the rate of £150.
Should you need to withdraw, a 50% refundwill be offered up to EIGHT weeks before the race. Withdrawals after 19 May 2019 will be entitled to a first refusal option to enter the following year's race - this is a deferral and will carry an admin charge of 50% of the entry cost, as we have already committed costs for the race at this point. No refund at all will be available. No deferrals or refunds are available after entries close on 15 June 2019, as we will have fully committed with all costs to the race.
Entries are transferrable up until the closure of entries on 15 June 2019, but ONLY with the approval of the Race Director. All transfers are subject to the usual vetting process. Should you wish to transfer your entry to someone else, please email enquiries@mountainrun.co.uk asap.
We advise you take out insurance for cancelations, as the above rules are not flexible.
Any accommodation booked through us can be refunded (with £15 admin fee) up until the close of race entries on 15 June 2019. No accommodation refunds will be possible after that time.
I understand that participation in Lakes Sky Ultra is a potentially dangerous activity, involving varied risks and accept all responsibilities associated with the race, including, but not limited to weather and its effects on individuals, ground condition, injury, loss, death, intense cold or heat conditions (such as hypothermia, hyperthermia, hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia).
By entering this event, I agree that I will only take part on the day if I am in good health and will have undertaken adequate training for the distance that I am running. I understand that the organisers will take reasonable steps to promote my safety and that I must comply with all instructions given by the race organisers and marshals. I understand that Mountain Run reserve the right to cancel my entry, should it be deemed by Mountain Run or their medical representative that I am not fit and healthy enough to participate or to continue in the event.
I confirm that I have considerable mountain experience, moving fast across rough terrain and have experience of scrambling on rock. I confirm that my experience and knowledge is sufficient to look after my own needs during the race. I understand that, should it be deemed by Mountain Run that this is not the case OR if I have overstated or misrepresented my experience at the time of entering the race, Mountain Run reserve the right to cancel my entry.
I confirm that I can exercise SOUND MOUNTAIN JUDGEMENT, making personal decisions to protect my own safety when confronted with adverse weather conditions. I confirm that I can and will mitigate my own risks by being fully prepared to take part in Lakes Sky Ultra.
I confirm that I am self-sufficient, and can deal with an emergency situation should it happen.
I confirm that I can self-evacuate from remote areas.
I confirm that I will not push myself beyond the bounds of sensibility, and retire from the race, if necessary, at the earliest possible opportunity, so as not to put other people in harm's way. I know my own limitations and will endeavour to avoid putting any other person at risk through my actions.
I confirm that I can competently follow a way-marked course, but that I can also competently use a map and compass or GPS system to navigate back to safety in the event of getting lost, injured or needing to retire from the race.
I confirm that if I retire from the race, at any stage, or for any reason, be it injury, fatigue or some other reason, then I will report immediately, or as soon as reasonably possible, my retirement to a race marshal, and upon returning to the event centre, I shall report my retirement to the Race Director. I confirm that if I retire, I will return the timing device to the Race Director.
I confirm, and allow, the race organisers, associated media partners to use imagery (still or moving) in marketing materials to promote future editions of the race, or any new race promoted by Lake District Sky Trails and/or Mountain Run. I confirm that any imagery may be used to promote the race, including but not excluding online, in printed media, video, news or broadcast.
I confirm that I agree to release Lake District Sky Trails, its staff, agents, representatives, associates, sponsors, marshals, and volunteers for any and all liability, including but not limited to claims, liability, damages, demands, causes of actions for any loss, damage, injury, claim, legal fees or action arising from my participation in Lakes Sky Ultra. This release extends to any claim made by my family, estate, heirs, or assigns arising from or in any way connected with the aforementioned activities. This release does not include a release to Lake District Sky Trails for acts of its own negligence.
Lake District Sky Trails accepts its responsibility to make its courses as safe as is reasonably practicable. However, adventurous activities are inherently hazardous and cannot be completely risk free, however hard we try. Accidents can happen without any contributory negligence from Lake District Sky Trails or its staff. Lake District Sky Trails can accept no responsibility for loss or damage to personal property or for personal injury not arising as a result of its own act or default. I understand and accept the above statements and accept that I have a responsibility to take careful note of instructions and to act in a way that will minimise the likelihood of injury. I am fit for the course and will inform Lake District Sky Trails before the course of any special medical conditions that might affect my safety.
I understand that Lake District Sky Trails reserves the right to change the date, course or event base or, if necessary, to cancel an event entirely, in the event of Force Majeure (that is, unpredictable events beyond their reasonable control including, without limitation, natural disasters, war, civil or political unrest, terrorism and extreme weather). No refund will be available in this eventuality.
In the event of cancellation by Lake District Sky Trails, Lake District Sky Trails will not be liable for any costs that I may have incurred relating to the event, including (but not limited to) travel, accommodation and/or other costs.
Lake District Sky Trails is a trading name of The Outdoor Warehouse (Windermere) Ltd.


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Harvard lawsuit could have implications for affirmative action
University of Minnesota Law Professor Jill Hasday says all eyes will be on the Harvard case examining whether the school is illegally discriminating against Asian-American applicants.
Author: Adrienne Broaddus
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - Harvard. An Ivy League college that receives more than 40,000 applications each year.
But now, Harvard's admissions policy is raising questions about affirmative action.
University of Minnesota Law Professor Jill Hasday says all eyes will be on the Harvard case examining whether the school is illegally discriminating against Asian-American applicants. A lawsuit claims the school allows more black and Hispanic students in. Harvard denies the claims.
The court could rule broadly and make a new law on the issue, or it could hand down a decision that only impacts Harvard.
Hasday says the case will shed light on the admissions process.
"People are also interested because it is a peek behind the scenes and how admissions work in an elite university," she said.
Meanwhile, Harvard does say it considers race in admissions to promote diversity, which is an argument the court endorses.
The trial is expected to last three weeks.
Some believe this case could make its way up to the Supreme Court. But will the justices overturn a ruling from the '70s allowing affirmative action?
"Will it change? That is one reason people are focused on it," Hardsay said. "For the court to strike down what Harvard is doing, it is possible, but they would be basically changing their precedence. Harvard's system was the is the model the Supreme Court used to determine, when is affirmative action Constitutional?"


Who doesn't walk into a kitchen like this UnoForm design (at top) and say, "Oh, and by the way, I'm staying for breakfast"? What child wouldn't store all of his or her toy cars in the new garage under Mommy or Daddy or Aunt Miriam's chopping station? The suspended kitchen counter set up against a floor to ceiling kitchen window lightens the heavy, utilitarian reality of any kitchen. Even I could probably learn to cook in a space that manages to make food production feel like a lifetime of just desserts. A+ for happy space inspiration.
No matter how deep in the woods you find yourself, logistically or metaphorically, create a "C'mon, it'll be great" atmosphere through two design elements: profile and color. The Gervasoni line, for example, is designed wide and low, providing the invitation to kick back and contemplate whatever under the radar ideas get mused on best in superbly furnished lodges and patios. But a just as critical, if more subtle, transformation is in the upholstery, updated here with cool deep greens and the yellow-green chartreuse. This lets the visitor know that no, the cushions have not been stored in a basement since the last time Grandfather went duck hunting. Updated patterns and color accents send the message that these are new. So, go head, the air is safe. A+ for the ability to chillax.
seconds from giving up and ordering a set of concrete pillowcases when I saw it. Very daring. Very exciting.
pillbox hat, blended into an American Gothic degree of pitchfork and buttoned-upness. Now mix and match.
trending spotlight is so over.
and a deep, oversized couch.
into your life is child's play.


Happy 2nd Tunesday, friends! In honor of National Bullying Prevention Month, I thought I'd share three very important songs that have gotten me through some pretty tough and dark days. Life can be more difficult than it should be, especially when you're in high school. You may deal with insensitive, mean-spirited individuals in the classroom, on the field, and maybe even at home. The reality is that there will always be people who target individuals for a number of reasons: they're insecure, unhappy, jealous, or just plain heartless, but the older you get, the more you realize their cause of their behavior is more about them and less about you. Furthermore, you develop better coping strategies, realize you're awesome, and understand that your worth and value is not dependent on anyone! It takes time, patience, and determination to get to this point, so in the midst of feeling marginalized, pained, sad, afraid, hopeless, and misunderstood, take a listen to these songs. Hopefully, they'll be the reminders you need to get through it all.
What songs do you listen to when you're having a rough time? Comment below!