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Wikipedia in culture
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References to Wikipedia in popular culture have been widespread. Many parody Wikipedia's openness, with individuals vandalizing or modifying articles in nonconstructive ways. Others feature individuals using Wikipedia as a reference work, or positively comparing their intelligence to Wikipedia. In some cases, Wikipedia is not used as an encyclopedia at all, but instead serves more as a character trait or even as a game. Wikipedia has also become culturally significant with many individuals seeing the presence of their own Wikipedia entry as a status symbol.[1]
1 References to Wikipedia
1.1 Wikiality
1.2 Other instances
1.2.1 In art
1.2.2 In comics
1.2.3 In feature films
1.2.4 In literature
1.2.5 In music
1.2.6 In postal items
1.2.7 In radio broadcasts
1.2.8 In television episodes
1.2.9 In web comics
2 Contexts
2.1 Citations of Wikipedia in culture
2.2 Inaccuracies on Wikipedia as portrayed in culture
2.3 In politics
2.4 Wikipedia as a character trait
2.5 Wikipedia as an award recipient
2.6 Wikipedia as comedic material
2.7 Entertainment information source
2.8 Food information source
2.9 General information source
2.10 Game show category
2.11 Criticism
3 Claims of negative impact of Wikipedia on culture
References to Wikipedia
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Country (of origin)
November 10, 2004 Article United States "I Must Take Issue With The Wikipedia Entry For 'Weird Al' Yankovic",[2] The Onion.
2005 Promotion Australia Jericho ads
May 7, 2005 Comic strip United States FoxTrot
2006 Commercial United Kingdom Cisco Systems: Human Network Anthem
March 1, 2006 TV show (satirical) United States The Colbert Report, episode 58
April 14, 2006 Novel United Kingdom The Righteous Men, Sam Bourne
August 12, 2006[3] Music video United States "White & Nerdy" music video, by "Weird Al" Yankovic
January 18, 2007 Sitcom United States 30 Rock: "The Head and the Hair"
March 17, 2007 TV show (satirical) United Kingdom Bremner, Bird and Fortune
April 22, 2007 TV show (sport) United States SportsCenter
May 31, 2007 Non-fiction United States It's Not News, It's FARK: How Mass Media Tries to Pass off Crap as News, Drew Curtis
June 11, 2007 Commercial demo United States Apple iPhone, Apple Inc.
August 3, 2007 Play United States The Wikipedia Plays
September 3, 2007 Magazine United Kingdom Official Nintendo Magazine, Issue 21
July 23, 2009 Radio (satirical) United Kingdom Bigipedia
August 11, 2010 Sitcom United States Hot in Cleveland: "Good Luck Faking The Goiter"
March 31, 2019 Song United Kingdom 'Congratulations'
I Must Take Issue With The Wikipedia Entry For 'Weird Al' Yankovic In an article from The Onion, the character Larry Groznic writes an article about how he was banned from Wikipedia for starting an edit war on the "Weird Al" Yankovic page, and goes on to criticize the content on the page. Having taken place well before the John Seigenthaler Sr. Wikipedia biography controversy, it was one of the first major parodies.
FoxTrot First appearance of Wikipedia in a syndicated comic strip.[4]
The Colbert Report, episode 58 Arianna Huffington challenges host Stephen Colbert on his claim that he had coined the word "truthiness". She cited Wikipedia, claiming that he had merely "popularized" the term. Regarding her source, Colbert, in character, responded: "Fuck them."[5] First nationally broadcast television program to mention Wikipedia.[citation needed]
The Colbert Report, episode 93 Colbert refers to Wikipedia as his source of information for research on Sigmund Freud. With his normal sarcastic and deadpan delivery, Colbert's segment "The Wørd" mocked Wikipedia's sometimes-questionable information with the screen posting "Even the accurate parts."[6] Colbert's first scripted reference to Wikipedia, a lead into his "Wikiality" piece.
Global Language Monitor Global Language Monitor, which tracks trends in languages, named wikiality and truthiness the top T.V. buzzwords for 2006.[7][8]
Shortly after the episode aired, a fan-created Wikipedia parody site opened at Wikiality.com, inspired by the term. On October 19, 2006, the term was mentioned again on the show, this time with Wikiality.com given as the URL for Wikipedia.
"White & Nerdy"
The character who is implied to be the nerd says that editing Wikipedia is one of his nerdy activities.[9] In the video, Al is shown editing the article Atlantic Records by typing in large letters "YOU SUCK!". Thus Al takes revenge on the record company for refusing to let him include "You're Pitiful", a parody of James Blunt's song "You're Beautiful", on his new album. This has prompted copycat vandalism of the Atlantic Records page, which resulted in the page's being semi-protected. Yankovic has said "I don't officially approve of [the vandalism], but on a certain level it does amuse me."[10]
The song was also Yankovic's first career Top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100. It reached No. 1 at the U.S. iTunes Store, and peaked at No. 1 on VH1's top 20 video countdown.
Tar Baby Australian songwriter, Carolyn Shine's 2009 track 'Tar Baby' refers to Wikipedia in the line: "If it's all about supply and demand, I don't know which one of us is needier. 'What's a Tar Baby?' I hear you ask. Look it up for yourself in Wikipedia."
Jericho ads Following Jericho episodes on Network 10 in Australia, a promotion would appear encouraging viewers to log onto Wikipedia and search for "Jericho (2006 TV series)" for proof of the hype and theories surrounding the show. This is the first station advertisement to encourage people to search Wikipedia for the advertised product.[citation needed]
Cisco Systems A TV advertisement for Cisco Systems shows a young child with a laptop, the Wikipedia logo clearly visible on the screen. Part of its "Human Network Anthem" ad campaign. First television advertisement showing Wikipedia as part of the plot line.[citation needed]
30 Rock While Tracy Jordan, James "Toofer" Spurlock and Frank Rossitano are working to complete Jordan's autobiography within a single day, Rossitano finds Jordan's Wikipedia article while using the Internet on his laptop. The article says Jordan was discovered after doing stand-up comedy at the Apollo Theater in 1984, and Jordan, though stating he has no recollection of this, tells the two to add it to the book. First sitcom series reference.[citation needed]
Bremner, Bird and Fortune A sketch about the 10 most popular, yet unread books,[11] featuring a voice over talking about the plots of the books, which seem to constantly refer to aliens. At the end of the sketch it says that the information came from Wikipedia. First mention in a British satirical comedy programme.[citation needed]
SportsCenter After citing a stat about Houston Astros pitcher Roy Oswalt, anchor Kenny Mayne jokingly gave credit to Wikipedia for providing the number. First recorded reference from a sports highlight show.[citation needed]
The Righteous Men In the 2006 Da Vinci Code-style novel The Righteous Men, Wikipedia features as an academic style encyclopedia. First known[by whom?] reference in fictional literature.
It's Not News, It's FARK: How Mass Media Tries to Pass off Crap as News In this book examining media bias, mainly about stories which do not count as news, Curtis writes:
"Incidentally, one of the more surprising things I discovered while researching the articles for this book is that a number of them exactly mirrored a Wikipedia entry on the same subject. I didn't find any exact copies of Wikipedia in the articles in this book, but the structure often was the same and used the same citations in the same places. If I had to guess, I'd say that half of all the "original" articles covered in this book are Wikipedia entry rewrites. If not more. It certainly makes me wonder about the rest of the articles I didn't research. Wikipedia accuracy concerns aside, that's just not cool. Or perhaps that's how the Wikipedia articles were generated in the first place. Due to the obscurity of certain details in some of the articles, and the fact that none of those details showed up in a Google search on the same subject, I am more inclined to believe reporters borrow heavily from Wikipedia, and not the other way around."[12]
First known appearance in a book criticising the mass media, referencing Wikipedia.[citation needed]
Apple Inc. iPhone In the demonstration for the iPhone's Internet capabilities, the Wikipedia page for the iPod is shown, along with a link in the user's bookmarks. First known reference in a multinational product demonstration by a Media Conglomerate.[citation needed]
The Wikipedia Plays Seventeen short plays, inspired by Wikipedia entries.[13] First play known to highlight Wikipedia.
The Colbert Report, episode 302 On August 21, 2007, Colbert attacked WikiScanner, a website that tracks down people who make anonymous edits on Wikipedia, claiming that it is an invasion of privacy, particularly for corporations, and that it attacks "Self-invention". He highlighted a case where Pepsi edited its entry by removing "Long-term health effects" from the article. This resulted in his "Wørd" being "Self-Determination", claiming that everyone on the Internet should be anonymous and should not be forced to give away their true identity. Colbert later described Wikipedia as "Second Life for corporations", saying if a corporation wants to pretend to be someone else online, then that is its business.[14] First nationally broadcast television program to mention WikiScanner.[citation needed]
Bigipedia Bigipedia is a BBC Radio 4 sketch show set on a website which is a parody of Wikipedia.[15] First nationally broadcast radio program devoted to parodying Wikipedia.[citation needed]
Hot in Cleveland In the episode "Good Luck Faking The Goiter", Victoria Chase (Wendie Malick) mentions that she has a Wikipedia page and has to keep changing it because the site's editors keep getting her age wrong. First time that a fictional character on a television series admitting to having created his or her own Wikipedia page and the first time a fictional character admitted to having to make corrections on his or her own page.[citation needed]
Wikiality
See also: Truth by consensus, Reliability of Wikipedia, Cultural impact of The Colbert Report § Wikipedia references, and Woozle effect
In a July 2006 episode of the satirical comedy The Colbert Report, Stephen Colbert announced the neologism "wikiality", a portmanteau of the words Wiki and reality, for his segment "The Wørd". Colbert defined wikiality as "truth by consensus" (rather than fact), modeled after the approval-by-consensus format of Wikipedia. He ironically praised Wikipedia for following his philosophy of truthiness in which intuition and consensus is a better reflection of reality than fact:
You see, any user can change any entry, and if enough other users agree with them, it becomes true. ... If only the entire body of human knowledge worked this way. And it can, thanks to tonight's word: Wikiality. Now, folks, I'm no fan of reality, and I'm no fan of encyclopedias. I've said it before. Who is Britannica to tell me that George Washington had slaves? If I want to say he didn't, that's my right. And now, thanks to Wikipedia, it's also a fact. We should apply these principles to all information. All we need to do is convince a majority of people that some factoid is true. ... What we're doing is bringing democracy to knowledge.[16]
According to Stephen Colbert, together "we can all create a reality that we all can agree on; the reality that we just agreed on". During the segment, he joked: "I love Wikipedia... any site that's got a longer entry on truthiness than on Lutherans has its priorities straight." Colbert also used the segment to satirize the more general issue of whether the repetition of statements in the media leads people to believe they are true. The piece was introduced with the tagline "The Revolution Will Not Be Verified", referencing the lack of objective verification seen in some articles.
Colbert suggested that viewers change the elephant page to state that the number of African elephants has tripled in the last six months.[17] The suggestion resulted in numerous incorrect changes to Wikipedia articles related to elephants and Africa.[1] Wikipedia administrators subsequently restricted edits to the pages by anonymous and newly created user accounts.
Colbert went on to type on a laptop facing away from the camera, claiming to be making the edits to the pages himself. Because initial edits to Wikipedia corresponding to these claimed "facts" were made by a user named Stephencolbert, many believe Colbert himself vandalized several Wikipedia pages at the time he was encouraging other users to do the same. The account, whether it was Stephen Colbert himself or someone posing as him, has been blocked from Wikipedia indefinitely.[18] Wikipedia blocked the account for violating Wikipedia's username policies (which state that using the names of celebrities as login names without permission is inappropriate), not for the vandalism, as believed.
Other instances
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2017)
The Wikipedia Monument, located in Słubice, Poland, is a statue honoring Wikipedia contributors.
In comics
See also: Wikipedia:Wikipedia in comics
December 16, 2005 Penny Arcade
Skeletor is vandalizing the Wikipedia article of his arch-enemy He-Man under the title of "I have the power".[19]
August 16, 2006 52, Week 15 Fictional "Ballostro" article. Clark Kent is told by his assistant that they can "wiki out the word rumoured" upon seeing it attack Metropolis.
September 7, 2006 FoxTrot Thomas Edison article.
April 20, 2007 Get Fuzzy
Bucky Katt looks at a vanity article about himself and his fictitious album, and shows the "evidence" to Satchel Pooch.
April 29, 2007 Non Sequitur Danae introduces Lucy the horse to Wikipedia, by editing the site to note her fictitious win for "Most Brilliant and Beautious Girl". Lucy complains, but is satisfied when Danae adds a prize for "Most Beautious Horse".
July 2007 The Order #1
(Marvel Comics) The lead character mentions the Wikipedia as describing him as a "one-time actor".
September 12, 2007 The Amazing Spider-Girl No. 12 The title character mentions that she gained knowledge of Carnage and his weaknesses through Wikipedia.
September 12, 2007 Thor No. 601 The well-known Marvel super-villain called Doctor Doom appears to have utilized Wikipedia, commenting to the assembled Asgardians during the feast in Latveria that even he had not even known what a "winkle" was until he looked it up in Wikipedia.
November 20, 2007 The Brilliant Mind of Edison Lee Edison Lee, the title character mentions that on Wikipedia US President Ronald Reagan was known as the Teflon President to his assistant Joules. (This term doesn't actually appear in the Ronald Reagan article, it appears in Teflon (nickname)).
2007 comic #1023 Questionable Content Hannelore Ellicott-Chatham and two anthro-PCs are watching television when a commercial comes on for "WikipediOs", which is a fictions project spoofing SpaghettiOs.
July 23, 2008 Ambush Bug: Year None No. 1 Ambush Bug says he used "Wokipedia" to look up Hugey Huge/Abdul Smith of the Green Team.
October 14, 2009 Deadpool No. 900 While in the middle of an assassination mission, Deadpool has a fourth wall-breaking conversation with his inner voices in which he discusses his own fanbase, noting that as of that writing, his own Wikipedia entry was longer than that of Spider-Man.
November 23, 2009 Pearls Before Swine Rat questions Stephan Pastis (the creator of the strip) about past events in Stephan's life. When Stephan refutes these claims, Rat says he got them from Stephan's Wikipedia article. These changes were later mirrored in real life before being reverted.
October 23, 2013 Sex Criminals #2 Suzie looks up a porn actress on Wikipedia with whom Jon was obsessed as a child. She says the article does not say which of her uncles abused her because Wikipedia has "very high verification standards".
In feature films
In the 2009 film Bandslam Sa5m (Vanessa Hudgens) tells Will Burton (Gaelan Connell), that another character, Charlotte Barnes (Aly Michalka), has her own Wikipedia page. Burton then reads the article.
In the post credit sequence song dedicated to Rajinikanth in the Bollywood film Chennai Express, the protagonist suggests people read about him on Wikipedia.[20][21][22]
In a Pakistani movie of 2015 Karachi Se Lahore, the child's character 'Zeezo' who usually tells about the things going on in the film, when asked further about a thing, the fellow character Moti cracked a joke over him saying, "Is he Wikipedia that he would be knowing everything?"
An excerpt from the article New York City can be seen in the 2014 film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
In the 2011 film The Smurfs characters show the Blue moon article and one of them downloads a blue moon photograph.
In the 2017 film Thelma, Thelma accesses the Wikipedia article Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure.
Wikipedia is one of hundreds of popular Internet sites that populate the digital landscape of 2018's Ralph Breaks the Internet; it is illustrated as a thick open book atop a classical order column.
Missing Links and Secret Histories: A Selection of Wikipedia Entries from Across the Known Multiverse (2013), edited by L. Timmel Duchamp, is a collection of speculative fiction short stories in the form of fictitious Wikipedia entries.[23]
The protagonist of Glass by Alex Christofi teaches himself about the world using Wikipedia, and the author claims in the acknowledgements that Wikipedia is 'the best answer we can give to profiteering, naysaying, ignorance, Ludditism and the cult of the individual'.[24]
In The Hidden Oracle by Rick Riordan, the first book in The Trials of Apollo series, Emperor Nero, when discussing humans' knowledge of him, announces that he is "immortal on Wikipedia." The titular character, Apollo, then claims that his referencing Wikipedia is a sure sign of insanity, and that Wikipedia is always getting stuff wrong about him.
In John Green's Paper Towns, Marcus "Radar" Lincoln, one of the main character's best friends, is a dedicated editor of "Omnictionary", a clear stand in for Wikipedia. A key plot point revolves around noticing the username of someone who recently edited a specific page.
Matt Ruff's 2012 novel The Mirage features excerpts from "The Library of Alexandra", another stand in for Wikipedia, as a means to elaborate on aspects of the setting, including places, people, terms and history.
Timur Vermes published in 2012 the German bestseller Look Who's Back, a satirical novel about Adolf Hitler mysteriously returning to modern-day Germany. This fictional Hitler, introduced to the Internet, is fascinated by Wikipedia. Its name, he analyses, reflects the "ingenuity of the Aryans", as it combines the -pedia from encyclopedia with the explorer blood of the "Wikinger". The books was made a movie in 2015.
The 24th section of Flights, which was published in 2017 in Polish and in the English translation, by Olga Tokarczuk, the winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize for Literature, is titled Wikipedia. It is described positively, on the one hand, as a "wonder of the world," but the narrator also muses upon what an encyclopedia cannot do.
Ukrainian composer Andriy Bondarenko wrote a musical piece, "Anthem of Wikipedia", which was performed in a concert devoted to the 15th anniversary of Wikipedia in Kyiv.[25][26]
Israeli singer-songwriter Hanan Ben-Ari released a 2017 single named "Wikipedia".[27]
On their 2017 album Goths, The Mountain Goats reference Wikipedia within one of the final stanzas of the song "Abandoned Flesh"
To be fair to Gene Loves Jezebel
Billy Corgan brought them on stage
It was in 2011
It's on their Wikipedia page
In PewDiePie's 2019 song "Congratulations", he references T-Series' Wikipedia page.[28]
Now you're at number one, hope you did nothing wrong
Like starting your business by selling pirated songs
Oops! Didn't think we'd see? It's right there on Wikipedia
Get used to your past being held against you by the media
In Big Sean's 2020 song "Deep Reverence" from album Detroit 2, the rapper states:[29]
Most of the girls I know addicted to social media
All the time they put in, they could've wrote encyclopedias
Mama said it only takes one time to fuck up your whole Wikipedia
The presentation of the first Wikimedia-related postal items at Wikimania 2011
In postal items
On January 14, 2011, Israel Postal Company chose to commemorate Wikipedia's 10th anniversary by issuing a special postmark and a souvenir leaf. These were the world's first Wikipedia-related postal items. As is customary on Wikipedia, the souvenir leaf, the postmark, and the text on the back of the souvenir leaf were created by a collaboration of volunteers. The design of the postmark was based on the work of "MT0", a Wikipedia editor.
In radio broadcasts
November 4, 2006 Wait Wait...Don't Tell Me! Jimmy Wales played the "Not My Job" game (renamed for the occasion "It must be true... I read it on Wikipedia"). He is asked three questions about Wikipedia trivia on the Banana Splits discography and Bob Marley, Constance of Sicily and Esera Tuaolo. Wales recalls the Banana Splits with fondness and then proceeds to get all three questions wrong.[30] The show, in general, will often pull details for the show from Wikipedia, stating humorously, "If it's on Wikipedia, it must be true." First reference to Wikipedia in a radio series.
June 15, 2007 The News Quiz – BBC Alan Coren referred to mistakes made on Wikipedia. He later said that he once saw a mistake on his article that stated he was a year younger than he was, but he liked the error as it made him look younger. As a result, he said that whenever someone corrects the article, he set the year wrong again to make him look younger again. As a result, the article was locked after the show was broadcast.
July 24, 2007 The Wikipedia Story – BBC Clive Anderson asks whether Wikipedia is a valuable source of human knowledge or a symptom of the spread of mediocrity. This was also made into a podcast between July 27 and August 3 by the BBC.
June 20, 2008 The News Quiz – BBC Carrie Quinlan gave out a lot of information which the other panellists did not understand. She later claimed that she got the information from Wikipedia. Jeremy Hardy and Andy Hamilton claimed that the word "Wikipedia" sounded rude, with Hamilton claiming that it was, "A sexual attraction to baskets."
October 7, 2008 The Party Line: Series 3, Episode 1 – BBC In the episode, Duncan Stonebridge MP's laptop computer is stolen, which contains data relating to fishing quotas. Before he talks to an Icelandic fishing minister, Duncan's assistant Roger gives him some information copied from Wikipedia, which turns out to be wrong. The fishing minister comments that it sounds like Duncan just took the information from Wikipedia. First known reference to Wikipedia in a radio sitcom.
December 5, 2008 The Now Show: Series 25, Episode 2 – BBC Jon Holmes talked about the lack of reliability of online surveys saying that not everything on the Internet is true. He said that, "This is the same Internet that hosts Wikipedia", and Holmes read some examples of vandalism that he discovered on the site. In the following two shows, fans emailed in other examples of Wikipedia vandalism.
December 5, 2008 Heresy: Series 5, Episode 6 – BBC Radio 4 The show guest panel, Euan Ferguson, Clive James and David Mitchell tried to argue against the statement: "You can't trust what you read online." Wikipedia is covered by the panel and the host Victoria Coren reads out information from the guests' Wikipedia pages to see if it is true.
In television episodes
See also: Wikipedia:Wikipedia on TV and radio
March 20, 2005 The Simpsons: "Mobile Homer" Lisa finds a reminder from Homer that says Dino is the abbreviation of Dinosaur and he should look for it in Wikipedia.
January 29, 2007 The Colbert Report Colbert did a segment on an attempt by Microsoft[31][32][33] to hire writers to skew certain Wikipedia articles in its favor, ending with a call by Colbert to change the Wikipedia article on "Reality" to the phrase "Reality has become a commodity" and offering a $5 cash reward to the first viewer to do so.
October 14, 2007 The Simpsons: "I Don't Wanna Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" Snake tells his girlfriend to kill the man who changed his biography on Wikipedia.
November 25, 2007 The Simpsons: "Funeral for a Fiend" Sideshow Bob complains about loading time as he looks up a Shakespeare reference on Wikipedia.
April 27, 2008 The Simpsons: "Apocalypse Cow" Bart argues with Homer using Wikipedia; Homer plans to edit the page (...and many more pages).
February 10, 2008 Aqua Teen Hunger Force: "Reedickyoulus" Frylock curses Wikipedia after believing false information pertaining to killing zombies.
October 2, 2007 Cavemen: "Pilot" In the premiere episode of the commercial-turned-sitcom, Andy blames his inability to work on his dissertation on the fact that "Wikipedia is under construction".
August 4, 2007 Psych: "And Down The Stretch Comes Murder" In the episode "And Down The Stretch Comes Murder", when Shawn is explaining his theory of the crime, Gus weighs in with a factoid about an obscure indigenous tribe. Shawn applauds Gus' knowledge of the subject with the line, "Gus shoots and scores! ...with an assist from Wikipedia."
August 4, 2007 Grand Slam Michelle Kitt is asked the question, "The Hawaiian word for 'quick' is prominently featured in the name of which online encyclopedia?" She answers, "Wiki...Wikipedia" and is judged incorrect.
January 23, 2007 Veronica Mars: "Show Me the Monkey" The television show references Wikipedia in the episode when Veronica looks up the origins of the color manila.
February 1, 2007 The Office: "Ben Franklin" Jim, having heard Michael mention prima nocta, says that he used Wikipedia to confirm his suspicions over the term's meaning.
February 18, 2007 American Dad!: "Black Mystery Month" After uncovering a plot involving peanut butter and the Civil War, Stan Smith says "If only there was a place where you could make outrageous claims, without any proof, and millions of people would accept it as fact...", and the episode cuts to his son Steve editing The Truth about Peanut Butter.
April 5, 2007 The Office: "The Negotiation" For salary negotiations with Darryl, Michael gets negotiations help from Wikipedia. He then states in an interview that "Wikipedia is the best thing ever. Anyone in the world can write anything they want about any subject, so you know you are getting the best possible information." As a result of the episode, Wikipedia had to lock down editing of the Negotiation article.
May 24, 2007 The Colbert Report, episode 265 Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales appears as a guest on the show hosted by Stephen Colbert on Comedy Central. They discuss Colbert's vandalism of Wikipedia and his telling of his viewers to vandalize various pages. Several articles, such as oxygen, librarian and Stephen Colbert, were locked to prevent vandalism shortly after the episode aired. On the show, Wales jokes that he may have to lock down the entire Spanish-language Wikipedia for a few days because of Colbert's comment that perhaps it should learn English.
May 25, 2007 Real Time with Bill Maher Maher jokingly claims to have used Wikipedia in researching the misdeeds of past U.S. presidents to find examples that support Jimmy Carter's assertion that the George W. Bush administration is the worst in history.
August 5, 2007 News Knight with Sir Trevor McDonald, episode 7 McDonald says that "Wikipedia is one of the most trusted websites in the world" and that, according to its entry on itself, Wikipedia was founded by Ken Dodd in 1673.
September 10, 2007 The Daily Show with Jon Stewart The host Jon Stewart and the night's guest, Jeff Garlin, joke about Wikipedia's volatility, and mentions that guest's article on Wikipedia are being hacked by his family and friends. Jeff Garlin finishes off by saying that Wikipedia should not be taken seriously.
September 26, 2007 Dancing with the Stars (US season 5) On an episode which aired on September 26, 2007, a satirical mini-documentary was featured in the show exploring the history of dance. The fake history of dance was concluded with the phrase, "You can look it up – I just made an entry in Wikipedia."
September 30, 2007 Frisky Dingo, episode 19 Xander Crews attempts to look up whether or not the Vice President of the United States is VP of both the United States and Canada, on Wikipedia.
October 2, 2007 Damages, episode 10 Patty Hewes tells Ray Fiske she has a lot of questions for Arthur Frobisher to which Fiske replies "That's what Wikipedia's for."
October 12, 2007 Have I Got News for You, episode 282 In the "Odd One Out" round, Ian Hislop mentions a case of vandalism involving the late Ronnie Hazelhurst. Hislop, who described Wikipedia sarcastically as "That reliable tool for all of us", talked about how someone vandalised Hazelhurst's article so it claimed he wrote the S Club 7 song "Reach". When he died, journalists failed to check the fact, and it was reported as fact in The Times, The Guardian and by the BBC, which was made worse by the fact that the BBC had been in trouble for faking some TV programmes.
October 20, 2007 Have I Got a bit More News for You, episode 283 Ian Hislop again attacks Wikipedia, in the extended repeat of the episode shown the night before, but was cut out of the original broadcast. When host Alexander Armstrong is trying to pronounce a Serbian name, Hislop says, "It's like Wikipedia, ain't it? You just wait for it to come up." He then pretended to download an essay on Serbia from Wikipedia and hand it in, commenting on how some students plagiarise using Wikipedia.
November 2, 2007 Have I Got News for You, episode 285 When guest presenter Jo Brand is introducing comedy writer and performer Andy Hamilton, she says, "And with Paul Merton tonight is a full-time professional English darts player, whose nickname is "The Hammer" and who is currently ranked seventh in the world. I know, I was surprised as well, but I looked him up on Wikipedia."
November 3, 2007 QI In an interview with The Times, QI's creator John Lloyd says, "We don't deny using Wikipedia. It's a thing of complete genius and a tribute to the human spirit." However, the article goes on to say that, "they have a rule against cutting and pasting Wiki anything, and an old-fashioned minimum of at least two sources for anything that goes in a QI programme or book."[34]
December 6, 2007 Scrubs: "My Number One Doctor" One of Dr.Cox's patients is scheduled for chemotherapy to treat his cancer, but wants to back out because he used his laptop to look up the condition on Wikipedia and the article said a raw vegetable diet can lead to remission. Cox confronts him on this, questioning the reliability of the claim, given that it was written by the same person who wrote the Battlestar Galactica episode guide. He then takes away the patient's laptop and tells him he will proceed with the treatment.
February 23, 2008 iCarly: "iHatch Chicks" Freddie goes to a site that is a pun on Wikipedia, called Chickipedia, to find information on baby chicks.
May 21, 2008 Through the Keyhole When the guest panelists were attempting to guess the identity of Angelica Bell and suggested (incorrectly) that she might be best known for her acting, Sir David Frost said "in Wikipedia, it wouldn't say acting"
June 9, 2008 The Colbert Report Reacting to John McLaughlin's statement that "Warren G. Harding was a negro", Colbert suggested that the G. stood not for 'Gamaliel', but for 'Gangsta' (and showed a fake screen shot of Wikipedia appearing to say this).[35] The article was repeatedly vandalised to say 'Warren Gangsta Harding' before being locked.
September 29, 2008 Chuck In the second-season premiere, Vik Sahay's character Lester mentions a Wikipedia article about himself on his resume while being interviewed by Chuck for the assistant manager position at the Buy More.
October 23, 2008 The Office: "Crime Aid" Michael indicates that it is unknown how much crime takes place in the office because there is no Wikipedia entry on office robbery statistics. Since the episode aired, statistics were indeed added to the Wikipedia article "Office".
November 23, 2008 Dexter: "About Last Night" After a discussion of sexual topics with vice unit detective Barbara Gianna, Masuka comments to Batista that Gianna is "like the Wikipedia of perv".
January 21, 2009 Law & Order: A murder suspect is arrested based upon vandalistic edits made to a Wikipedia article on a (fictional) college sorority. The man had been killing family members of former sorority members and harassing the members themselves; the person arrested is tracked by his IP address.
January 22, 2009 30 Rock: "Retreat to Move Forward" Frank Rossitano, as a prank on Jenna Maroney, who is researching her upcoming role as Janis Joplin, makes numerous vandalistic edits to Joplin's page and recommends that Jenna use Wikipedia for her research.
March 15, 2009 The Simpsons: "Gone Maggie Gone" Comic Book Guy mentions Wikipedia as a source for his legends.
September 10, 2009 Mock The Week: Series 7, Episode 10 In the "Scenes we'd like to see" round, the panel members have to suggest "Bad things to hear from a tour guide". Ed Byrne suggests: "And according to Wikipedia, the east wing was built in the year Dougie is a homo."
September 15, 2009 Warehouse 13: Season 1, Episode 11 When mentioning Edgar Allan Poe, Artie pulls out what seems to be a Wikipedia article on the man.
September 21, 2009 Would I Lie To You?: Series 3, Episode 7 In the introduction to the show, host Rob Brydon said: "When asked if lying is justified, a staggering 73% of university students simply copied their answer from Wikipedia."
October 12, 2009 The Big Bang Theory: "The Pirate Solution" When asked about what he had been doing since his research on trans-Neptunian objects reached a dead end, Raj Koothrappali replied that he had been 'messing up Wikipedia entries', among other activities.
November 12, 2009 FlashForward: Season 1, Episode 8 The introduction of Sperm donation—as it appeared from July 8 to October 11, 2009—was referenced by a character considering the process. While the screen was altered slightly to say that it was from "www.referendium.com", the style and content were unaltered.
November 22, 2009 The Amazing Race: Season 15, Episode 9 One team in the race uses the English-language version of Wikipedia to learn what a vintage Praga car is before having to search for it in Prague.
November 29, 2009 The Simpsons: "Rednecks and Broomsticks" After discovering a coven of witches, Lisa attempts to learn more about them by using "Wiccapedia".
December 22, 2009 Mock the Week: Series 7 Christmas Special In a round of "If This is the Answer, What is the Question?", the answer "One Fifth" resulting in regular panellist Hugh Dennis giving the question, "How much of Wikipedia is true?" This results in host Dara Ó Briain and another regular, Russell Howard, talking about inaccuracies on their own articles, and third regular Frankie Boyle to suggest that all Wikipedia articles should start with the words "I reckon". Following broadcast, Boyle and Howard's articles were repeatedly vandalised to include further inaccuracies and inclusions of "I reckon", leading to the articles being locked.
January 5, 2010 Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: A contestant answered the $12,500 question "What Web site's logo depicts a spherical jigsaw puzzle featuring symbols from different languages?" correctly.
January 27, 2010 Tosh.0: Host Daniel Tosh told viewers, "So why don't you go to our Tosh.0 'boring' Wikipedia page and put whatever you want. I'm not gonna fix it." The result was numerous changes made to the Tosh.0 Wikipedia article, culminating in the page being locked from editing a few hours after the show aired. Other Wikipedia articles, such as Conan O'Brien, Demetri Martin, and Jay Leno, were also affected. Tosh read some of the humorous revisions made to the article the following week on his show, and proceeded to apologize to Wikipedia for the mayhem he started. The Tosh.0 page, however, remains locked to unregistered viewers.
February 12, 2010 QI: "Gravity" Host Stephen Fry says that if you fire a bullet from a gun and drop a bullet from your hand at the same time, they will both hit the ground at exactly the same time, prompting panellist Barry Humphries to ask "Does this information come from Wikipedia?"
February 21, 2010 Cold Case: "Metamorphosis" Detectives Vera and Miller catch a suspect in a lie, citing a Wikipedia entry for J.B. Ricketts.
April 8, 2009 Have I Got News for You: series 39, episode 2 Introducing guest panellist Richard Herring, guest host Alexander Armstrong describes him as "a man described by Wikipedia as one of the leading hidden masters of British comedy. Proving how easy it is to write your own entry on Wikipedia."
April 11, 2010 The Cleveland Show: "Gone With the Wind" At Loretta Brown's funeral, the minister reads from Wikipedia that Loretta Brown was either a singer or a member of the Australian Parliament, then ends by saying "Ci-ta-tion neeed-ed" in a ritualized tone.
May 30, 2010 The Boondocks: "Stinkmeaner 3: The Hateocracy" When Huey Freeman wants to know who is after his family, he said that "while desperate for answers, he would turn to the only place that may tell them what they need, Wikipedia". He then accessed a website which is a visual and content pun of Wikipedia.
June 6, 2010 Breaking Bad: "Half Measures" Skyler is researching money laundering, with closeups of the Wikipedia article shown on screen.
June 22, 2010 Mongrels: "Series 1, Episode 1" Earlier in the episode, Nelson the metrosexual fox kills a chicken that tried to kill him by cutting her head off. Kali the pigeon says that according to Wikipedia, a chicken can live for over a year without its head. Nelson claims Wikipedia cannot be trusted, then turns around to find the headless chicken still alive and trying to kill him.
July 18, 2010 The Boondocks: "Mr. Medicinal" When Robert Freeman is on trial for possession of weed and driving under its influences, he claims that Obama has made it legal, then the judge searches on Wikipedia to prove him wrong.
August 11, 2010 Hot in Cleveland: "Good Luck Faking The Goiter" After Elka Orstrosky (Betty White) helps Victoria Chase (Wendie Malick) learn about a disease she was trying to fake in an effort to receive votes for a Daytime Emmy Award by spreading a rumor, only to find out that the disease does exist, she asks her fellow roommates Melanie Moretti (Valerie Bertinelli) and Joy Scroggs (Jane Leeves) where Elka went because Elka looked it up in Wikipedia. Victoria also reveals that she has a Wikipedia page and she has to change it numerous times because they keep getting her age wrong.
September 13, 2010 Haven: "Fur" Jessica Minnion mentions learning Mi'kmaq hieroglyphs from a Wikipedia article.
November 11, 2010 The Big Bang Theory: "The 21-Second Excitation" Amy Farrah Fowler consults Wikipedia for information on slumber parties, having never previously attended one.
November 23, 2010 How Not to Live Your Life: "Don Meets His Maker" Don uses Wikipedia to fool Samantha into believing he has a fatal disease, creating a badly written fake article on the disease.
January 5, 2011 The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Comedy Central During an interview with Wikipedia "volunteer" Jimmy Wales, Stewart claimed he was in fact, Batman; Wales responded with laughter and suggested that Wikipedia administrators would correct and lock Stewart's page. Quickly, the online community responded, editing Stewart's page to represent his claim to be Batman. Wikipedia administrators responded by correcting the changes and locking Stewart's page.
May 3, 2011 NCIS Los Angeles: "Plan B" CBS In the opening scene, Kensi Blye and Marty Deeks escort a key witness to the airport for his flight to Miami. When the conversation hits the subject of alligators in the Miami area, Kensi educates her companions about the differences between alligators and crocodiles. Rick, the witness then asks Marty, an old friend of his: "Did she just go Wikipedia on me?". In the rest of the episode Kensi is referred to as Wikipedia several times.
June 30, 2011 Futurama: "Ghost in the Machines" Bender's ghost tells the Robot Devil that Fry is dead, but the Robot Devil shows him Fry's Wikipedia page, which proves that Fry is alive. Coincidentally, Wikipedia does have an article in real life about Fry.
December 11, 2011 American Dad!: "Season's Beatings" Father Donovan mentions using Wikipedia.
January 30, 2012 Family Guy: "Livin' on a Prayer" Dr. Hartman tells Lois that Scotty Jennings – Stewie's new friend – is suffering from Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lois asks Dr. Hartman if he is saying Scotty has cancer. Dr. Hartman replies: "I dunno. I didn't read the whole Wikipedia entry."
March 12, 2012 The Daily Show with Jon Stewart After criticizing United States presidential candidate Mitt Romney for singing the 1954 song "The Ballad of Davy Crockett", Jon Stewart says that, "fortunately, Romney had a chance to use a slightly more recent Southern song reference at a rally last Friday with Randy Owen, lead singer of the legendary country band Alabama", and adds that "the only question is 'which greatest Alabama hit is Mitt gonna ask 'im to sing'" – providing as possibilities "Born Country", "Love in the First Degree", "Feels So Right" and "other songs I didn't know we had to look up on Wikipedia".
April 3, 2012 The Daily Show with Jon Stewart After the show plays a clip from American morning television show Fox & Friends in which co-host Steve Doocy says that something "was established by Marbury versus Madison back in the early 1800s and, ever since then, no serious legal scholar in 175 years has questioned whether or not the Supreme Court can throw out a law that is unconstitutional", Jon Stewart says "yeah", "we all have Wikipedia".
May 20, 2012 The Cleveland Show: "All You Can Eat" Cleveland edits the Wikipedia article Chipotle clam.
September 8, 2013 The Newsroom: "Election Night, Part I"
Season 2, Episode 8 Mackenzie, a cable-news producer learns that her Wikipedia page lists her as belonging to the wrong debate society in college. She asks a staffer to correct this, but the change is reverted by a site admin due to a conflict of interest. In the following episode, one her colleagues has his girlfriend, who works for a different news organization, post a story with the correct info, so that it may be used as a reliable source and her page is finally updated properly.
March 13, 2014 The Big Bang Theory: "The Mommy Observation" When discussing Sherlock Holmes and Byomkesh Bakshi, Raj Koothrappali suggests that Bakshi was created first. Amy Farrah Fowler, however, consults Wikipedia and finds that Holmes was created first.
November 17, 2014 The Simpsons: "Blazed and Confused" With the arrival of a new teacher to Springfield Elementary, Milhouse looks up the "Wiccapedia" entry for Jack Lassen. Wiccapedia was first referenced in the 2009 episode, "Rednecks and Broomsticks".
July 22, 2015 Mr. Robot: "eps1.4_3xpl0its.wmv" To gain access to a data security firm, Elliot persuades an employee to believe that he is Sam Sepiol by creating a false biography on Wikipedia.
October 26, 2015 The Big Bang Theory: "The Helium Insufficiency" Sheldon Cooper, Leonard Hofstadter, and Kenneth Fitzgerald are unsure as to the meaning of 'Mexican standoff', so Hofstadter reads an excerpt from its Wikipedia article.
November 20, 2015 Marvel's Jessica Jones on Netflix: List of hospitals in New York City In the third episode of Marvel's Jessica Jones on Netflix, the main character prints this Wikipedia list article as part of the plot.[36][37]
July 25, 2016 Peter Capusotto y sus videos: Season 11, Episode 3 A sketch named "Pedagogical Porn" presents a format of pornographic film in which, after a characters says a specific word, the announcer reads a Wikipedia article. The middle of the sketch credits Wikipedia and Dick Fierro Producciones Para Adultos as the production companies.[38]
January 1, 2017 Beyond: Season 1, Episode 1 In the pilot episode, the main characters researches certain topics on Wikipedia, such as, Night terrors, Comas and brain damage.
January 1, 2017 Sherlock: Season 4, Episode 1 Mycroft Holmes recites the first couple of sentences from the Wikipedia article for Agra. Sherlock Holmes interrupts him to ask "What are you, Wikipedia?" to which Mycroft smugly replies "yes".
August 2017-March 2018 and February-June 2019 Lijst van afleveringen van Pagina niet gevonden in Iedereen beroemd A weekly episode on the Flemisch Belgian national television where the journalist is writing a new Wikipedia page while interviewing knowledgeable people.
September 9, 2018 Rake (Australian TV series):
Season 5, Episode 4;
"Gold and Greene v Red" The main character, Senator Cleaver Greene, asks his chief of staff to remove mention of criminal history from his Wikipedia page, before going out on a first date with a woman he wants to impress. During that date, he discretely looks up Wikipedia articles on subjects she's interested in, but he knows nothing about. Wikipedia is both mentioned and used by other characters during the series as well.
September 11, 2018 Zombie Land Saga:
"I ♡ HIP HOP SAGA" The character Kotaro during an argument over the population of Saga Prefecture, shouts, "You wanna know stats, look it up on Wikipedia! You think I am Wikipedia?" when he is unable to recall the exact number.[39]
May 14, 2019 Arthur:
Season 22, Episode 2b
"The Longest Eleven Minutes" When some of the main characters discover a box of encyclopedias, Buster exclaims, "It's like Wikipedia!" as he holds one.[40]
April 27, 2020 Dummy:
"Woman with Agency" The main character, Cody Heller (Anna Kendrick), and her sex doll/imaginary friend Barbara Himmelbaum-Harmon (Meredith Hagner) are trapped inside a convenience store in the middle of a robbery. While laying down on the floor, trying to hide from the robbers, she says to Barbara: "I don't wanna die, man, not like this. I don't even have a Wikipedia page."[41]
In web comics
See also: Wikipedia:Wikipedia in webcomics
"Wikipedian Protester"
"Malamanteau", parodying Wikipedia's writing style.
The xkcd comic "Wikipedian Protester" shows a protester at a political rally, holding up a placard mimicking Wikipedia's "citation needed" tag, used to request a citation for an unsupported statement. The tooltip of the comic (often part of the joke in an xkcd comic) adds the extra comment "SEMI-PROTECT THE CONSTITUTION", referencing Wikipedia's semi-protection policy.
Roadkill Bill comic mocking Wikipedia.
On May 7, 2005, the comic strip FoxTrot showed one character appending his older sister to unflattering Wikipedia articles. In a similar joke, the web comic Penny Arcade also satirized Wikipedia with a comic strip depicting Skeletor vandalizing the He-Man article.[42][43] The web comic PvP featured a similar gag with the character Marcy adding embarrassing information about Francis, though she denies it is vandalism, claiming truth.[44][45]
On December 10, 2005, following the John Seigenthaler incident, UserFriendly showed Greg at first defending Wikipedia, but he then sees an entry about him as a "hairy dork" and declares "Wikipedia is so going down!"[46] Strips also commented on editor agendas,[47] and the relative lack of Wikipedia content in third-world languages.[48]
In the November 8, 2006 installment of Dinosaur Comics, T-Rex presents a solution to vandalism on Wikipedia; the chickens article would be designated for vandalism, leaving all other articles intact.[49]
A Bunny strip featuring Wikipedia includes a tombstone which reads: "RIP Jeph Jacques" with the bottom caption: "The Moral of the story is you cannot always trust what you read on Wikipedia."[50]
Questionable Content references Wikipedia several times. Hannelore, a character who suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder, cut most of her hair off after reading Wikipedia's article on head lice.[51] Wikipedia was also referenced when Penelope, a character who is bitter against romance, stated that her edits to the De Beers entry kept getting reverted (she attempted to add a conspiracy theory to the article suggesting that the company had subverted humanity's mating drive in order to sell more diamonds).[52] Wikipedia was also parodied, taking the form of a mock product similar to SpaghettiOs.[53]
The webcomic PartiallyClips criticised Wikipedia's supposed policy of deleting many articles on webcomics.[54]
Roadkill Bill has a comic mocking Wikipedia.
George of Bob and George once used Wikipedia to research The First Annual Robot Tournament (a plot element from Mega Man 6) after being told his brother, Bob, was killed during it, but found no information.[55] Later, however, Mega Man researches the subject and finds detailed information has been added.[56] This article is then used as a plot device in following comics as the characters read about the events being depicted.
Diesel Sweeties comic #1831 shows the Red Robot swearing "on the Wikipedia's entry for 'Honor'" to not kill anyone, and then later editing the page. In addition, comic #2036 is entitled "This article about my love life is a stub. You can help 'sexipedia' by expanding it." In this comic, Metal Steve asks Lil' Sis if she remembers losing her virginity. Her response is, "What am I, Wikipedia?"
Wikipedia is not always referenced in the same way. The ways described below are some of the ways it has been mentioned.
Citations of Wikipedia in culture
People who are known to have used or recommended Wikipedia as a reference source include film critic Roger Ebert,[57][58][59][60] comedian Rosie O'Donnell,[61] University of Maryland physicist Robert L. Park,[62] Rutgers University sociology professor Ted Goertzel[63][64] and scientific skepticism promoter and investigator James Randi.[65] Publications that have cited Wikipedia as a source include the American science magazine Skeptic.[66]
In the Homestar Runner cartoon No Hands On Deck!, Homestar Runner mentions that "'Wikipedia said vulcanized was the way to go" in reference to the type of nails used to build a deck.[67][68] The Wikipedia article on decks has never had a long-standing reference to nails or vulcanization.[69]
The cartoon FoxTrot features Peter being criticized by his teacher for copying a homework assignment directly from Wikipedia. Peter replies, "Who's to say I didn't write the Wikipedia entry myself?"[70]
During a debate on Quebec sovereignty in the House of Commons of Canada on November 27, 2006, Conservative Member of Parliament Scott Reid mentioned Wikipedia for its disambiguation of terms and individuals.[71]
In the July 2007 issue of National Geographic Magazine, an article on swarm intelligence, both in nature and as a method used by humans, mentions Wikipedia as an example.[72]
The British satirical magazine Private Eye has a section entitled "Wikipedia Whispers", which uncovers stories about how Wikipedia entries are altered. Stories include examples of how people have altered their own articles to make themselves look better, and vandalism on Wikipedia that becomes reported as fact.
Hip hop artist Pharoahe Monch mentions Wikipedia in the song "Welcome to the Terrordome" from his 2007 album, Desire. The lyrics are: "Take a walk through all this misplaced media / They got my name spelled wrong on Wikipedia."
In Volume 6 of the Canadian comic book series Scott Pilgrim, after the main antagonists injures one of the principal characters, Ramona Flowers, a character in a crowd, wondering if Ramona had died, stated that he was updating her Wikipedia page at that moment.[73]
Wikipedia, [...] to an academic, might represent peer review on steroids. Andrew George, JD candidate at University of Virginia School of Law
—  from a sociopsychology academic paper[74]
Various people including Jeremy Clarkson,[75] Sir Ian McKellen,[76][77] Patrick Stump, Mitch Albom[citation needed] and Marcus Brigstocke[78] have criticized or commented about Wikipedia's articles about themselves.
Inaccuracies on Wikipedia as portrayed in culture
Wikipedia was satirized in The Onion with a front-page article ("Wikipedia Celebrates 750 Years of American Independence", July 2006), alluding to perceptions that the publicly editable site is an unreliable source of information.[79]
The CollegeHumor staff posted the video "Professor Wikipedia" as part of the CollegeHumor original videos on September 16, 2008; the video satirized many aspects of Wikipedia.[80][81]
In June 2011, Wikipedia received attention for attempts by editors to change the "Paul Revere" article to fit Sarah Palin's accounting of events during a campaign bus tour.[82][83] The New York Times reported that the article "had half a million page views" by June 10, and "after all the attention and arguments, the article is now much longer ... and much better sourced ... than before Palin's remarks."[84]
In a speech given on October 28, 2013 to support Ken Cuccinelli for the candidacy of the governor of Virginia, Senator Rand Paul appeared to include close paraphrasing of the Wikipedia entry on the film Gattaca (version prior to speech) in his comments on eugenics, as noted by MSNBC host Rachel Maddow.[85][86]
In April 2015, The Guardian reported claims that British Conservative party chairman Grant Shapps or a person working under Shapps' orders had edited Wikipedia pages about Shapps and other members of British Parliament during the runup to the 2015 election, to which Shapps had denied involvement.[87]
In October 2018, Jackson A. Cosko, a former staff member for US Senator Maggie Hassan, misused Hassan's computers after he had been fired to edit Wikipedia to dox several Congresspersons, including Sen. Mitch McConnell. Cosko pleaded guilty in April 2019.[88]
Wikipedia as a character trait
In 2006, commenting to The New York Times on the demands on Central Intelligence Agency analysts to produce instant information, John E. McLaughlin, former acting U.S. Director of Central Intelligence, stated, "intelligence analysts end up being the Wikipedia of Washington".[89]
An altmuslim.com review of a new television series, Sleeper Cell, about terrorists noted that the characters routinely gave detailed background of events in the history of Islam and stated, "no one, and I assume even terrorists, talks like a walking Wikipedia."[90]
Wikipedia as an award recipient
In the 2007 Lyttle Lytton Contest, in which the object is to come up with an opening sentence for a novel, a phrase from the article on Fukutsuru ("Fukutsuru died in 2005 but his frozen sperm lived on for people's benefit") won the prize in Found category.[91]
Wikipedia as comedic material
Wikipedia is parodied at several websites, including Uncyclopedia[92][93] and Encyclopedia Dramatica.[94]
In the July 2006 issue of Mad, in the Fundalini pages section there was a short joke with a mock picture of Wikipedia called "WonkyPedia". WonkyPedia featured its own logo, in which the letters on the puzzle globe were replaced with MAD characters and the letters "M", "A", and "D:". The article shown was on Lincoln's assassination. The URL followed the appropriate pattern: "http://en.wonkypedia.org/wonky/". The same parody returned in the next issue as "Wakipedia". The phrase it advertised was "The Free Encyclopedia (you get what you pay for!)".
Likewise, CRACKED.com, the online publication affiliated with former Mad rival Cracked, has satirized Wikipedia's maintenance templates.[95]
In May 2006, British chat show host Paul O'Grady received an inquiry from a viewer regarding information given on his Wikipedia page, to which he responded, "Wikipedia? Sounds like a skin disease."
On the show X-Play, Morgan Webb looked at the Wikipedia article of Point Blank DS, and then looked at the article on their show. After reading it, the logo in the top left corner of the page spoke to Morgan in typical X-Play fashion. It also pointed out that since the show's inception, they have made 337 fart jokes. When asked why it could talk, the logo stated that Wikipedia had become self aware in 2004 due to the massive amounts of information provided by the public.
On the E! network program The Soup, during the "Reality Show Clip Time!" segment a clip of Flavor of Love 2 was shown in which someone mentioned Google as a point of research on September 8, 2006, to make fun of this, host Joel McHale said "Well at least it's better than saying 'Wikipedia Wikipedia Wikipedia' ". Another time he said he looked up something on Wikipedia and saw a dance.
Comedian Zach Galifianakis claimed to look himself up on Wikipedia in an interview with The Badger Herald,[96] stating about himself, "...I'm looking at Wikipedia right now. Half Greek, half redneck, around 6-foot-4. And that's about it... The 6-foot-4 thing may be a little bit off. Actually, it's 4-foot-6."
A front page parody news article in The Onion made fun of Wikipedia's tendency to quantify its page views and of its use as a reference source for long-past television series.[97]
The character Novitsky quotes the Russian language Wikipedia article on taxation in the Russian comedy film Тот ещё Карлосон!
Entertainment information source
On the June 5, 2006 episode of The Howard Stern Show, wack packer Eric the Midget called in and complained that his parents had read about a stunt that he did for the show, that involved him measuring his penis, on Wikipedia (which he called "Wackipedia"). Stern read the section of the article regarding penis measuring on the air. Also, Gary Dell'Abate commented on the air he and the Stern Show staff enjoy the picture of Lynch in this article.
Food information source
In his "pickoff" in which he makes predictions on the winners of NFL games, Peter King said of the Thanksgiving night game between Indianapolis and Atlanta in 2007 "The sleep-inducing qualities of turkey are overrated, as I learned this week on Wikipedia. There is more tryptophan in cheddar cheese than turkey."[98]
General information source
In Tim Minchin's poem Storm, when he criticizes the eponymous character for being excessively gullible and close-minded, he accuses her of being scared of spending an afternoon at "Wiki-fucking-pedia". It has been turned into an animated movie.[99]
Slate magazine compared Wikipedia to the fictional device The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy from the series of the same name by Douglas Adams. "The parallels between The Hitchhiker's Guide (as found in Adams' original BBC radio series and novels) and Wikipedia are so striking, it's a wonder that the author's rabid fans don't think he invented time travel. Since its editor was perennially out to lunch, the Guide was amended 'by any passing stranger who happened to wander into the empty offices on an afternoon and saw something worth doing.' This anonymous group effort ends up outselling Encyclopedia Galactica even though 'it has many omissions and contains much that is apocryphal, or at least wildly inaccurate.'"[100] This comparison of fictional documents in the series, is not unlike the mainstream comparisons between Wikipedia and professional Encyclopedias.[101]
Game show category
The December 3, 2007 episode of Jeopardy! had a category entitled "'ick'-ipedia" (a play on "Wikipedia"), where all correct responses contained the letters "ick".
The comedy website Something Awful once featured Wikipedia's article on Knuckles the Echidna as an ALOD (Awful Link of the Day), satirizing the amount of detail that sometimes goes into seemingly irrelevant topics. The link description adds that the article is longer than each of the articles about Echidnas, the Internet, the internal combustion engine, William Shakespeare and Western culture.[102] The topic was also satirized in the front page, which featured a fake Wikipedia style article about Albert "Al" Calavicci from the TV series Quantum Leap written by Something Awful contributor David Thorpe.[103] Thorpe elsewhere linked the existence of such articles to Asperger syndrome, stating "Don't make fun of Aspergers. If it weren't for Aspergers, we wouldn't have 20-page Wikipedia articles about Knuckles the Echidna."[104] Wikipedia was also mocked in a December 4, 2006 update on Something Awful. The update detailed the life of a talk page on Wikipedia, and mocked the neutrality, copyright, naming, quality, and personal disputes that the pages are beholden to. The update also linked Wikipedia usage to Asperger syndrome once more, with one fictional editor claiming to have a case of the syndrome twice as powerful as that of another fictional editor.[105] In a 2007 Awful Link of the Day, a Wikipedia article was featured again, this time on the villains of Codename: Kids Next Door. Once again, it calls out the detail put onto seemingly irrelevant topics, citing a discussion in said article's talk page about the subjectiveness of the speed of certain characters. Something Awful founder Richard Kyanka then mockingly offered to write up a speed comparison of the KND characters Big Badolescent and Cheese Shogun Roquefort, citing a fake episode called "episode 35, 'I Am a 38-Year Old Man With Several Obese Cats and an Empty Life I Futilely Try to Fill With Childrens' Cartoons'".[106]
Claims of negative impact of Wikipedia on culture
Andrew Keen's 2007 book The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet Is Killing Our Culture asserted the proliferation of user-generated content on Wikipedia obscured and devalued traditional, higher-quality information outlets.[107]
Society portal
Truth in Numbers? Everything, According to Wikipedia, 2010 documentary
Wikipedia in the media
^ "Loxodonta", "African Forest Elephant", "African Bush Elephant", "Pachydermata", "Babar the Elephant", "Elephant", "Oregon",
"George Washington", "Latchkey kid", "Serial killer", "Hitler", "The Colbert Report" and "Stephen Colbert" are/were temporarily protected. "Mûmak" (formerly at "Oliphaunt") has also been vandalized.
^ Ablan, Jennifer (July 8, 2007). "Wikipedia page the latest status symbol". Reuters. Retrieved November 22, 2008.
^ Groznic, Larry (November 10, 2004). "I Must Take Issue With The Wikipedia Entry For 'Weird Al' Yankovic | The Onion – America's Finest News Source". The Onion. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
^ Note that the song was leaked on the Internet almost a month prior, on August 27, 2006.
^ Amend, Bill. "FoxTrot Comic Strip, May 07, 2005 on GoComics.com". GoComics.
^ The Colbert Report, "Faith", Comedy Central, March 1, 2006.
^ The Colbert Report, "Superegomaniac", Comedy Central, May 9, 2006.
^ ""Truthiness," "Wikiality" named TV words of year". Reuters. August 27, 2006. Retrieved August 28, 2006.
^ "'Truthiness' and 'Wikiality' Named Top Television Buzzwords of 2006 Followed by 'Katrina', 'Katie,' and 'Dr. McDreamy'". Global Language Monitor. August 27, 2006. Retrieved August 28, 2006.
^ White & Nerdy lyrics:
My ergonomic keyboard never leaves me bored
Shopping online for deals on some writable media
I edit Wikipedia
I memorized Holy Grail really well
I can recite it right now and have you ROTFLOL
^ Adams, Cameron (October 5, 2006). "Weird Al Yankovic". Herald Sun. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008.
^ BBC News, Harry Potter book "often unread". Retrieved April 1, 2007.
^ Curtis, Drew (May 31, 2007). "It's Not News It's Fark: How Mass Media Tries to Pass Off Crap as News: Chapter 1". Retrieved August 12, 2007.
^ "The Wikipedia Plays Will Be Seen at the Ars Nova in August", Playbill. A review of the piece is here: Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-08-06/Wikipedia Plays Review
^ ""The Wørd" – Self-Determination". Comedy Central. August 21, 2007. Retrieved August 22, 2007.
^ "Bigipedia". British Comedy Guide. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
^ The Colbert Report / Comedy Central recording of The WØRD "Wikiality", Comedy Central, July 31, 2006.
^ McCarthy, Caroline (August 1, 2006). "Colbert speaks, America follows: All Hail Wikiality!". c-net news.com.
^ "Colbert Causes Chaos on Wikipedia". Newsvine. August 1, 2006. Retrieved September 28, 2006.
^ I Have The Power. "I Have The Power". Penny Arcade!. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
^ Khan, Shahrukh. ""Ghar mein jaakar tum Google kar lo...mere baare mein Wikipedia pe padh lo"...Thalaiva Tribute...Lungi dance. I really like these words..." Twitter. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
^ "EXCLUSIVE PHOTOS! Shah Rukh Khan And Deepika Padukone's Lungi Dance". Business of Cinema. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
^ "'Lungi Dance' raising eyebrows". Planetradiocity.com. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
^ Duchamp, L. Timmel (Editor) (2013). Missing Links and Secret Histories: A Selection of Wikipedia Entries from Across the Known Multiverse. Aqueduct Press. ISBN 9781619760394. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
^ Christofi, Alex (February 12, 2015). Glass. ISBN 9781782830245.
^ "Редактор української "Вікіпедії" створив для неї гімн". Радіо Свобода.
^ У МОН відбувся концерт з нагоди 15-ої річниці Вільної інтернет-енциклопедії Вікіпедія // Ministry of Education and science of Ukraine
^ "חנן בן ארי - ויקיפדיה (קליפ רשמי) Hanan Ben Ari". May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
^ https://genius.com/Roomie-pewdiepie-and-boyinaband-congratulations-lyrics
^ "Deep Reverence". Genius. September 4, 2020.
^ Not My Job: Wikipedia Founder Jimmy Wales November 11, 2006
^ Brian Bergstein (Jan. 24, 2007) Microsoft Violates Wikipedia's Sacred Rule The Associated Press. Retrieved on September 3, 2008.
^ Nancy Gohring (Jan 23, 2007) "Microsoft said to offer payment for Wikipedia edits" IDG News Service. Retrieved on September 3, 2008.
^ Nancy Gohring (Jan 24, 2007) "Microsoft's step into Wikipedia prompts debate" IDG News Service.
^ Whittell, Giles (November 3, 2007). "Thinking buddies". The Times. London. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
^ Colbert, Stephen (June 9, 2008). "ThreatDown – Secret Negro Presidents". The Colbert Report.
^ Dyce, Andrew (November 23, 2015). "Jessica Jones Easter Eggs, Marvel Connections, & Comic Nods". Screen Rant. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
^ "Series / Jessica Jones". TV Tropes. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
^ Video on YouTube
^ Murakoshi, Shigeru (October 11, 2018). "I ♡ HIP HOP SAGA". Zombie Land Saga. Season 1. Episode 2 (in Japanese). Event occurs at 05:23. Tokyo MX.
^ Brown, Marc (May 5, 2019). "The Longest Eleven Minutes". Arthur. Season 22. Episode 2. PBS Kids.
^ Heller, Cody (April 27, 2020). "Woman with Agency". Dummy. Season 1. Episode 8. Event occurs at 0:09. Quibi. I don't wanna die, man, not like this. I don't even have a Wikipedia page.
^ Krahulik, Mike; Holkins, Jerry (December 16, 2005). "I Have The Power". Penny Arcade Comic. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
^ Krahulik, Mike (December 16, 2005). "I Have The Power". Penny Arcade News. Retrieved October 16, 2006.
^ Kurtz, Scott R. (August 12, 2006). "Player vs Player". PVP Online. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
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^ Frazer, J.D. (November 2, 2005). "User Friendly". userfriendly.org.
^ North, Ryan. "Dinosaur Comics – November 7th, 2006 – awesome fun times!". quantz.com, November 8, 2006
^ Davies, H. (July 2, 2005). "Not sufficiently clear – #304. bunny-comic.com.
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^ Jacques, Jeph (2007). "Number 774: Also Certain Web Comics". Questionable Content. Retrieved January 29, 2007.
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^ Ebert, Roger. Review of Good Hair, RogerEbert.com October 7, 2009
^ Ebert, Roger. "Why 3D doesn't work and never will. Case closed.", Chicago Sun-Times, January 23, 2011
^ Ebert, Roger. "The Last Mountain", rogerebert.com, June 22, 2011
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^ Skeptical Inquirer. Vol. 35 No. 3. Page 64
^ "The Conspiracy Meme", Skeptical Inquirer. Vol. 35 No. 1. January/February 2011. Page 37
^ Randi, James (March 18, 2012). "Popoff's Still At It". James Randi Educational Foundation.
^ Lippard, Jim. "The Decline and (Probable) Fall of the Scientology Empire!". Skeptic Vol. 17 No. 1. Pages 18-27. The citations in question are Citations 10, 14 and 16, as seen on page 27.
^ "No Hands On Deck!". Homestar Runner Wiki. 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
^ Chapman, Matt; Chapman, Mike (2006). "No Hands On Deck!". Homestar Runner. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
^ "Deck (building)". Wikipedia. July 13, 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
^ "FoxTrot by Bill Amend for September 07, 2006". GoComics. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
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^ Miller, Peter (July 2007). "Swarm Theory". National Geographic Magazine. pg. 10/10. National Geographic Society.
^ O'Malley, Bryan Lee. Scott Pilgrim Volume 6. Chapter 37: "It's not the end of the world." Oni Press. Pg. 156. July 2010 printing. "I'm updating her Wikipedia page as we speak."
^ George, Andrew (March 19, 2007). "Avoiding Tragedy in the Wiki-Commons". Social Science Research Network. University of Virginia. p. 14. SSRN 975096.
^ Clarkson, Jeremy (July 30, 2006). "Lexus GS 450h SE-L – At long last, that hybrid hocus-pocus has a point". The Times Online. London. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
^ "Incorrect Website Biography Bothers Ian McKellen". Starpulse.com. World Entertainment News Network. April 21, 2006.
^ "Lunch with Gandalf". Empire Magazine (203). May 2006. Archived from the original on April 5, 2006. (subscription required)
^ Brew, Simon (March 23, 2009). "Marcus Brigstocke interview". DenOfGeek.com.
^ "Wikipedia Celebrates 750 Years Of American Independence". The Onion. 2006. Archived from the original on December 31, 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
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^ Brian Williams (June 6, 2011). Palin defends her telling of Revere's ride. NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams. NBC Universal. Archived from the original on July 19, 2013.
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^ Maddow, Rachel (October 28, 2013). "Where'd you get your speech, Rand?". MSNBC. Archived from the original on October 30, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
^ "Election 2015: Grant Shapps denies Wikipedia claims". BBC. April 21, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
^ Tully-McManus, Katherine (April 5, 2019). "Senate doxxing suspect pleads guilty, faces over 2 years in prison". The Hill. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
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^ Tim Minchin's Storm the Animated Movie on YouTube
^ Boutin, Paul (May 3, 2005). "Wikipedia is a real-life Hitchhiker's Guide". Slate Magazine.
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^ Parsons, Zack; Thorpe, David (September 21, 2006). "Return to the Science Fair, page 12". Fashion SWAT. Something Awful. Retrieved December 4, 2008.
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^ Kyanka, Richard (May 27, 2007). "List of Villians [sic] in Codename: Kids Next Door". Awful Link of the Day. Something Awful. Retrieved December 4, 2008.
^ Kakutani, Michiko (July 27, 2008). "The Cult of the Amateur (book review)". New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2008.


text:
El Torneo Apertura 2010 fue la la vigésima novena edición del Campeonato Femenino de Fútbol de Argentina desarrollada entre el 12 de septiembre de 2010 y el 20 de marzo de 2011. Fue organizado por la Asociación del Fútbol Argentino

Boca Juniors consiguió su decimoctavo título, de forma invicta. De esta forma, tendría la oportunidad de jugar un partido por la clasificación a la Copa Libertadores Femenina de 2011 con el campeón del Clausura 2011.

Equipos participantes

Sistema de disputa
El torneo se llevó a cabo en una sola rueda, por el sistema de todos contra todos.

La tabla final de posiciones se estableció por acumulación puntos, y, en caso de que hubiese habido empate entre dos o más equipos, se habrían realizado de partidos de desempate. Se otorgan tres puntos por partido ganado, uno por partido empatado y ninguno, en caso de derrota.

Para la clasificación a la Copa Libertadores de 2011, se realizaría un enfrentamiento a partido único entre el ganador del Apertura 2010 y el del Clausura 2011. En caso de ser el mismo, ese equipo clasificaría directamente al torneo continental.

Posiciones

Resultados

Véase también
 Torneo Apertura 2010 (versión masculina)

Enlaces externos
 Apertura Femenino 2010 en el sitio de la AFA

2010A
Fútbol en Argentina en 2010
Fútbol en Argentina en 2011
Fútbol femenino en 2010
Fútbol femenino en 2011

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100100, Yakkasaray district, Usman Nasir street 53
tashkent@suntravel.uz
Sunny journey without worries
About Uzbekistan
Climate of Uzbekistan
Currency in Uzbekistan
Cuisine of Uzbekistan
Sights Of Uzbekistan
Sightseeing In Tashkent
Tillya Sheikh
Hast-Imam
Barak-Khan
Abubakr Kaffal-Shashi
Madrassah of Kukeldash
Tashkent TV tower
Chorsu Bazaar
Independence Square
Amir Temur Square
Museum of Victims of Political Repression
Monumental complex "Courage"
The Museum of Applied Art
Amir Temur stands
Sightseeing in Samarkand
"Registan"
"Mirzo Ulugbek madrassah""
Madrasah "Tilla-Kori"
"Sher-Dor Madrassah"
"Gur-Emir Mausoleum"
"The complex Shahi-Zinda"
"Ulugbek Observatory "
Mausoleum of Daniel (Khoja Daniyar)
Rukhabad Mausoleum
"Bibi Hanum"
Sightseeing In Bukhara
"Poi-Kalyan Ensemble"
"Miri-Arab Madrasah"
"Abdulaziz-Khan Madrassah"
"Ulughbeg Madrasah"
"Trading domes of Bukhara"
"Magoki-Attori Mosque"
"Lyabi-Khauz Ensemble"
"Nadir Divan-Begi Ensemble"
"Kukeldash Madrassah"
"Khoja Abdahadik Al Gijduvani" Complex
"Samanids Mausoleum"
"Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum"
"Bolo-Khauz Complex"
"Ark Fortress"
"Kosh-Madrasah"
Sightseeing In Fergana Valley
Khudoyar-Khan Palace
Jami Mosque
The Norbut-biy Madrasah
Madrasah of Kamol-Kazi
Miyön-Hazrat Madrasah
The Said Akhmad-Khoja Madrasah
Sightseeing In Khiva
Kunya-Ark Citadel
Mausoleum of Makhmud Pakhlavan
Tash-Khovli Palace
Kalta-minor Minaret
Islam Khoja complex
Djuma Mosque
"Khoja Islam Mosque"
Allakuli Khan Madrasah
Sayid Allauddin Mausoleum
Muhammad Amin-khan Madrasah
Muhammad Rahim-khan Madrasah
Nurullabay Palace
The Abdullah Khan Madrasah
Sights of Shakhrisabz
Village of Kul
The highest mountain of Uzbekistan Hazrat Sultan
Train timetable in Uzbekistan
Embassies and consulates in Uzbekistan
Visa to Uzbekistan
Gallery of our travelers
Great silk road
Rest in Almaty, economy package (5 days)
About Bukhara
About Bukhara / Sights of Bukhara / Master class in Bukhara
History of Bukhara
The town was founded in the middle of I Millennium BC researchers Proved the age of Bukhara is more than 2500 years.
According to the local mythical tradition, reflected in the" History of Bukhara " Narshakhi, the Foundation of the oldest part of the city — the fortress of Ark-belongs to ancient times and is attributed to the heroes of the epic Siyavush or Afrasiab. However, the large fortified villages of Vardanzi, Ramtin, Varakhsha and the commercial city of paykend were considered older than Bukhara.
The city was formed along one of the major tributaries of the zarafshana river, which splits into several channels here, on a low swampy plain, over which the massive artificial hill of the city citadel — Ark still rises.
The city has not changed its location for more than 2000 years, which , on the one hand, led to the accumulation of powerful cultural layers of various historical eras, and on the other, led to the destruction of many monuments and traces of previous time[8].
Today, the ancient part of Bukhara remains a "living" city that has preserved the original structure (ark fortress, Shahristan, shakhrud canal). However, the conditions for life and construction were extremely limited: a flat swampy plain, unstable water regime and scarce resources.
The cultural layer on the territory of the city is more than 20 meters. At this depth, archaeologists found the remains of residential and public buildings, dishes and coins, tools and jewelry that date back to the V century BC.unlike in Samarkand, the ground water close to the surface did not allow archaeologists to reach the lowest layer. The most ancient artifacts testifying to the time of the Foundation of Bukhara are hidden by powerful groundwater, so the true age of the city requires further study.
Already in the IV century BC, the territory of the future Arch of Bukhara is surrounded by a rather powerful fortress wall with a wide moat, and at its foot there is also a fortified settlement of dispersed planning. According to one hypothesis, on the site of Bukhara was located the fortress of Baga — an impregnable place on the border between the Sughd land and the Scythians — Massagets — mentioned by Arrian in connection with the campaign of Alexander the great[8].
In ancient times, Bukhara was one of the main cities of Sogd. In the VI century BC, the newly rebuilt city was captured by the Persian Achaemenid dynasty, and in 329 BC — by Alexander the great, during which the urban planning structure was developed. The population of these lands did not accept the conquerors and resisted them. The rule of the Greeks in Sogdiana lasted until the second century BC.
In the subsequent era, the settlement steadily grew, becoming a fairly large city and becoming the commercial, craft and administrative center of the entire Bukhara oasis.
From the end of the I century BC to the half of the IV century, Bukhara was part of the Kushan state.
The flourishing of the city began when Bukhara was elected the capital of the Samanid state under Ismail Samani (892-907). The appearance of the city itself has changed dramatically. The population has increased significantly.
Bukhara in the X century was already a developed city, surrounded on all sides by craft and commercial rabads. The wall that surrounded and protected it was maintained, and the gate was preserved.
It is known that the Samanids decorated their capital with monumental and spectacular buildings of palaces, government offices, mosques and madrassas. They also created Registan square, the administrative center of the city, between the Western high facade of the Arch and the rabad wall.a Palace with a portal was built here, which al — istahri recognized as the most magnificent in the countries of Islam. And also, there were sofas — the main departmental institutions.
Not far from Registan were located palaces — houses of the Royal family (in the area of Jui-Mulian), distinguished by great luxury. In addition, the entire territory of the city was protected by a fortress wall, which had 11 gates. The state was interested in the development of urban life and industrial forces of the city and sought to create conditions for this, first of all by ensuring the safety of its residents.
In our days, except for the happily surviving Samanid dynastic mausoleum in the city, there is not a single building of this time left on the surface of the earth.
According to As-Saalibi, Bukhara under the Samanids was "the abode of glory, the Kaaba of dominion, the gathering place of outstanding people of the era." According to the geographer istakhri, it was the most populous city in Transoxiana and Khorasan. The development of crafts and trade in Bukhara made it an important economic center.
Narshakhi describes the development of commodity production of fabrics characterized by high quality. According to him, "no city in Khorasan could weave such good fabrics." Bukhara fabrics zandanachi served as an export item: "merchants came to Bukhara and.. from here, they exported materials to sham, Egypt, and the cities of Roum." The art of Bukhara masters was the subject of imitation. Bukharans went to Khorasan, unsuccessfully trying to establish there the production of equally high-quality fabrics, which were willingly used by the upper layers of society: "there was no king, Emir, Rais, or official who did not wear clothes made of this fabric." Narshahi also reports on a large weaving establishment that was located near the Cathedral mosque, between Ark and Shahristan. It produced particularly valuable fabrics, which were used to pay tribute to the Arab Caliph from all over Bukhara. According to Narshahi, a special official came every year to collect these fabrics from the Caliphate's capital, Baghdad
In the X century, Bukhara became the center of high culture. Many scientists, world-famous writers and artists worked here. Such as the historian Narshahi, the poets Rudaki and Dakiki, the medic, mathematician and encyclopedist Ibn Sina (Avicenna), the historians Balazuri, Tabari, Miskaveyh and others. These scientists have made a great contribution to the development of world science and culture.
In Bukhara, there was a madrasa where medicine was taught. It was a kind of medical school, where young people were taught medical theory and practice with the obligatory passing of final exams and taking the doctor's oath. There were also such madrassas in Samarkand and Merv. On the site of the dome of Toki Telpakfurushon was a book market, for which the dome itself was called Toki Kitabfurushon. Various books and manuscripts were sold here. The city had a huge library at that time. In his autobiography, Ibn Sina left us a description of it. The library had catalogues, special repositories for books, and so on.
The fall of the Samanids deprived Bukhara of its status as a capital city.
Bukhara survived the Eras of the Karakhanids, Karakitai and khorezmshakhs, and the Mongol invasion. During the reign of Timur (1370-1405) and the Timurids, Bukhara remained one of the most important centers of craft and trade, the "Dome of Islam", pilgrimage, and the birthplace of influential representatives of the Sufi clergy.
During the reign of the Sheibanids, Bukhara first remained in the status of the center of one of the Shires, and then — the capital of the entire state. During the Sheibanid era, dozens of new madrassas, mosques, caravanserais, and trade domes were built in Bukhara.
Bukhara is considered one of the Holy cities of Sufism. Many great Sufi saints stayed in the city. One of the most revered — Bahauddin Naqshband mausoleum, which is considered to be the Central Asian Mecca. Believers from different Muslim countries come here to ask for the fulfillment of desires and the aversion of sins. The most famous part of the cemetery of Bahauddin is called the "dakhma of the rulers". In 1993, the historical center of the city of Bukhara was included in the list of UNESCO world heritage cities. INESCO declared Bukhara the" capital of Islamic culture " in 2020.
What to see in Bukhara?
In Bukhara, there are many attractions that every tourist should see, and it is better to start with the Old city. It is not too large, so you do not need transport — you can walk around the historical center, the more amazing discoveries will be waiting for the traveler at every step. One of the most popular and frequently visited sights of Bukhara is the Kalyan minaret, which was built by order of Sheikh Arslan Khan in the first half of the XII century. According to legend, Arslan Khan killed an Imam who appeared to him in a dream and asked him to bury his head where no man could set foot. The Khan listened to this dream and ordered to build a tower over the Imam's tomb, the height of which reaches 47 meters. The tower was finished with blue ceramic tiles, which is considered the first use of this type of decoration in construction. Later it was used throughout Central Asia.
Kalyan minaret is also called the Tower of Death, since until the beginning of the XX century in Bukhara, criminals were executed by dropping from the top of this minaret.
On the Registan square of Bukhara stands the Ark citadel, which is the summer residence of the emirs of Bukhara. The citadel has always been a functioning fortress that reliably protected the emirs of Bukhara and their entourage from any attacks. There is everything you need for the life and functioning of the state apparatus — temples and palaces, warehouses, stables, workshops, a well with water and even a prison. Now there is a Museum on the territory of the complex.
The center of the historical part of Bukhara is Labi-Hauz, which received its name from the Persian language, which translates as"ensemble by the pool". The complex fully justifies this name — between three buildings of the XVI century lies a large pool. Structures include the Nadir-Devanbegi mosque and two madrassas-Kukeldash and Nadir-Devanbegi, in addition, the Toki-Zargaron Bazaar is located nearby.
Also interesting monuments of ancient architecture in Bukhara are a variety of madrassas and numerous mosques-Magoki-Attori, Khoja-Kalyan; mausoleums such as Buyan-Kuli-Khan, Chashma-Ayuob or the magnificent Saifiddin-boharzi.
There are historical monuments and attractions in the vicinity of the city. For example, the almost destroyed caravanserai in the settlement of kermin called Rabati-Malik, the tomb of the XVI century, where the sheikhs of Bukhara were buried, the settlement of Varakhsha, the Holy mosque of Namozgoh, which is located outside the city and was previously a shelter for pilgrims and monks.
6 km from the city is the Garden of Stars and the moon, where you can see the Emir's Palace-the complex is open from Wednesday to Monday. To the East is the mausoleum of Bahautdin Naqshband, where you can find the tomb of the ruler who became the founder of the most famous and powerful Sufi order in Central Asia.
When all the sights are seen, you can go to the bath complexes of Bukhara, which are no less a tribute to the ancient culture and history of the city. Visit one of the most famous hammams in Bukhara — Borzi-KORD, which is open to tourists from 14-00 to 00-00. The visit includes not only relaxation in the steam room, but also massage. For women, there is a separate Kunjak bath located next to the Kalon minaret.
What to buy in Bukhara?
Bukhara is one of the most important points on the Silk Road. This is the era that the huge domes of the city's old covered markets remind us of. These domes were built at intersections of the busiest streets to redirect pedestrian traffic, to maximize the release of the main highway, where all trade was previously carried out. The domes were called "taki", and under them were shops and craft workshops. Today in Bukhara there are only 4 so and It is under these domes that traders sell masterpieces of Oriental crafts.
Weather in Bukhara
The climate of Bukhara is sharply continental. Dry hot summers and cold wet winters. To visit Bukhara, we recommend planning your trip from mid-March to mid-may and from mid-September to early December.
Аbout Kazakhstan
Climate of Kazakhstan
Cuisine of Kazakhstan
Currency in Kazakhstan
Photos оf Kazakhstan
About Kyrgyzstan
Weather in Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz Cuisine
Holidays in Kyrgyzstan
Photo of Kyrgyzstan
Tours to Uzbekistan
Tours to Kazakhstan
Tours to Kyrgyzstan
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Applause for the Plausible
Brandon L. Garrett
Why has the word "plausible" come to define federal civil litigation? In recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court supplemented longstanding pleading standards under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which require a "short and plain statement of the claim," to additionally require that all civil pleadings state a claim that is "plausible." In Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, the Court rejected other possible words that might describe the newly tightened pleading standard, such as "reasonable" or "probable." To the dismay of many judges, lawyers, and other observers, the Court did not define "plausible," except to add that "plausible" pleadings "nudge[] their claims across the line from conceivable to plausible." In Ashcroft v. Iqbal, the Court again did not define "plausible," except to assert that a "plausible" claim must not be "conclusory" in nature. This Essay explores the complex and contradictory meanings of the word "plausible."
Furthermore, this Essay applauds the Supreme Court's selection of such an equivocal and conflicted word as the gateway to federal civil litigation. As I describe, "plausible" means "fair" or "reasonable," but perhaps only in a superficial sense; what is "plausible" might in fact be "specious" or used as a "pretext." The word is immune to careful definition. Because of its ambiguity, it was well selected to expand judicial discretion to dismiss civil cases. In specific areas of federal civil litigation, the Court has recently broadened judges' discretion to dismiss a wide range of civil petitions: civil rights claims, habeas petitions, class action certification petitions, and more. In those contexts, the Court uses words like "reasonable" in ways that bend their meaning, suggest more objectivity than warranted, and create genuine confusion between doctrines by using the same word in different ways.
Despite substantial confusion over the choice of the word "plausible" to govern pleading in federal civil litigation, at least one can say that the word itself captures the essence of the problem rather than disguising it. Whether the resulting discretion conferred on district judges is itself warranted or desirable is a very different question, and a matter of real concern. Because "plausibility" pleading enhances judicial discretion, the meaning of "plausible" may increasingly depend on judicial practice and the litigation contexts where the word is used. Nonetheless, rather than viewing the word selection as an accident or a misplaced reference, I suggest that the word was deliberately chosen to be deeply . . . plausible.
Roy L. and Rosamund Woodruff Morgan Professor of Law, University of Virginia School of Law.