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Coptic Synaxarium (Coptic Orthodox Calendar)
4 Amcheer
(The Fourth Day of the Blessed Month of Amshir)
The Martyrdom of St. Agabus, One of the Seventy Disciples
On this day, St. Agabus, one of the seventy disciples, was martyred. The seventy disciples were chosen by the Lord to go before Him to preach the gospel. St. Agabus was with the twelve disciples in the upper room on the day of Pentecost, and he was filled with the Holy Spirit, the Comforter.
He received the gift of prophecy, as the Acts of the Apostles tells us, "And as we stayed many days, a certain prophet named Agabus came down from Judea. When he had come to us, he took Paul's belt, bound his own hands and feet, and said, 'Thus says the Holy Spirit, so shall the Jews at Jerusalem bind the man who owns this belt, and deliver him into the hands of the Gentiles.'" (Acts 21:10-11) This prophecy was fulfilled. (Acts 21:17-36) He also prophesied about a famine on all the earth, and this was fulfilled during the time of Claudius Caesar, the Roman Emperor. (Acts 11:27-28)
He preached the gospel together with the holy apostles. He went to many countries, teaching and converting many of the Jews and the Greeks to the knowledge of the Lord Christ. He sanctified them by the life-giving baptism.
This moved the Jews of Jerusalem to arrest him, and they tortured him by beating him severely, and putting a rope around his neck, and they dragged him outside the city. They stoned him there until he gave up his pure spirit. At this moment, a light came down from heaven. Everyone saw it as a continuous column between his body and heaven. A Jewish woman saw it and said, "Truly this man was righteous." She shouted in a loud voice, "I am a Christian and I believe in the God of this saint." They stoned her also and she died and was buried with him in one tomb.
Their prayers be with us and glory be to our God forever. Amen.
Days of the month of Meshir: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30
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Welcome to a truly transformative dance experience. I will be breaking down the fundamentals of salsa on2 timing, footwork, body movement, and arm styling in a fun and supportive atmosphere. I will also take time to discuss a powerful mental framework and demonstrate to you how this improves your self-confidence on the dance floor and super charges your interactions in everyday life.
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Shudder Picks Up Revenge Thriller 'Violation'
Sarah Fox	December 16, 2020
Slanted > TV > Shudder Picks Up Revenge Thriller 'Violation'
Shudder announced the acquisition of "Violation," the debut feature written, produced, and directed by Madeleine Sims-Fewer and Dusty Mancinelli. The movie will be released exclusively on the streaming platform, but Shudder did not confirm a release date.
"Violation" world premiered at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival, where Sims-Fewer was a recipient of the TIFF Rising Star Award. The film was also an official selection of the 2021 Sundance Film Festival, making its international premiere. Shudder has acquired all rights for the U.S., UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand to premiere on its service in those territories later next year.
The official description adds, "Violation is a turbulent feminist revenge fable that explores the idea of trauma within families and untangles a sticky web of resentment as a troubled woman on the edge of divorce embarks on a vicious crusade when her sister and brother-in-law betray her trust."
The studio added, "Highly focused on a naturalistic performance style and visual aesthetic, directors Madeleine Sims-Fewer and Dusty Mancinelli's work explores gender politics, selfishness, and abuse of power."
The deal was negotiated by XYZ Films on behalf of the filmmakers and Shudder's Emily Gotto.
"We could not be more thrilled to be working with Shudder. It is truly the perfect home for Violation," said filmmakers Madeleine Sims-Fewer and Dusty Mancinelli.
"With Violation, Shudder introduces the tremendous voices of Madeleine Sims-Fewer and Dusty Mancinelli," said Craig Engler, Shudder General Manager. "Violation is a fearless, unconventional revenge story, from which you cannot emerge unmoved."
"Violation" is the latest genre film to join Shudder. Other projects include Rob Savage's "Host," Jayro Bustamante's "La Llorona," and Joko Anwar's "Impetigore" (both official selections for the 2021 International Oscar race). Subscribers can also keep Richard Stanley's "Color Out of Space" on their radar when they are looking for something new to stream, as well as Josh Ruben's "Scare Me," Jeff Barnaby's "Blood Quantum," Ryan Spindell's "The Mortuary Collection," Coralie Fargeat's "Revenge," Issa Lopez's "Tigers Are Not Afraid," and Shinichiro Ueda's "One Cut of the Dead."
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Sarah Fox December 16, 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Welcome to the F5 202 - Pre-Sales Fundamentals Study Guide. The purpose of this guide is to help you prepare for the F5 202 - Pre-Sales Fundamentals exam. The contents of this document are based on the F5 202 - Pre-Sales Fundamentals Exam Blueprint for TMOS v13.1.
This study guide is a collection of information and therefore not a completely original work.
I would like to give recognition to a group of people that helped with this document. A special thank you goes out to Mickey Woods with Ingram Micro, Ed Rabago with F5, Leif Rasmussen with F5, Orlando Santiago with F5, Patrick Oswalt from F5, Greg Godar with F5 and Mark Diminico with F5.
The majority of the information is compiled from F5 sources that are located on the Internet. All of the information locations are referenced at the top of each topic instead of in an appendix of this document. This was done to help the reader access the referenced information easier without having to search through a formal appendix.
The F5 101 - App Delivery Fundamentals exam, stands as a pre-requisite to this exam.


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You are here: Home Page > Arts & Humanities > Religion > Religious Studies > Sociology & Anthropology of Religion > Why are Women more Religious than Men?
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Why are Women more Religious than Men?
Marta Trzebiatowska and Steve Bruce
The first book - length critical review of a topic of perennial interest
Provides a clear summary of contemporary social research evidence
Includes omprehensive review of the arguments to date
Takes a novel approach to the question and draws some strong conclusions
Women are more religious than men. Despite being excluded from leadership positions, in almost every culture and religious tradition, women are more likely than men to pray, to worship, and to claim that their faith is important to them. Women also dominate the world of "New Age" spirituality and are far more superstitious than men.
This book reviews the now-sizeable body of social research to consider if the gender gap in religion is indeed universal. Marta Trzebiatowska and Steve Bruce extensively critique competing explanations of the differences found. They conclude that the gender gap is not the result of biology but is rather the consequence of important social differences over-lapping and reinforcing each other. Responsibility for managing birth, child-rearing and death, for example, and attitudes to the body, illness and health, each play a part. In the West, the gender gap is exaggerated because the social changes that undermined the plausibility of religion bore most heavily on men first. Where the lives of men and women become more similar, and where religious indifference grows, the gender gap gradually disappears.
Written in an accessible style whilst drawing some robust conclusions, the book's main purpose is to serve as a state-of-the-art review for those interested in one of the largest differences between male and female behavior.
1. The Great Divide
2. New Religions
3. Spirits and Bodies
4. New Age and Spirituality
5. Conservative Religion
6. Biology, Roles and Attitudes
7. Risk
8. Ways of Life
9. Secularization
10. The Sum of Small Differences
Marta Trzebiatowska is a Lecturer in Sociology at University of Aberdeen.
Steve Bruce is Professor of Sociology at University of Aberdeen.
"[This] work is at its most compelling when it touches on the interaction of gender and religion with other social differences such as race ... Trzebiatowska and Bruce's book is accessible and a timely resource." --Theology
"The book is, in sum, a stimulating stab at drawing up a map of the parts of the literature that the authors find interesting. It is a light, quick read, which is refreshingly well written and well edited." -- Journal of Contemporary Religion
"In sum, the book likely will find its strongest readership within European contexts where secularization theory is still regarded as a primary explanation for the contemporary absence of explicitly religious, especially Christian, participation,and practice. The summary points found in the conclusion are worthy of consideration... Finally, the value of the authors' causal response to the title question of the book embedded in the point on lagged secularization depends ultimately on an interpretation of the secularization thesis from their vantage point." --Sociology of Religion
Atheism and feminism
At first glance atheism and feminism are two sides of the same coin. After all, the most passionate criticism of patriarchy has come from religious (or formerly religious) female scholars. First-hand experience of male domination in such contexts has led many to translate their views into direct political activism. As a result, the fight for women's rights has often been inseparable from the critique of organised religion.
Back-Pocket God
Melinda Lundquist Denton, Richard Flory, and Christian Smith
The Clergy Sex Abuse Crisis and the Legal Responses
James T. O'Reilly and Margaret S.P. Chalmers
Religion on the Edge
Courtney Bender, Wendy Cadge, Peggy Levitt...
Faith, Politics, and Power
Rebecca Sager
Gurus of Modern Yoga
Mark Singleton and Ellen Goldberg
Spirit and Power
Donald E. Miller, Kimon H. Sargeant, and Richard Flory
Transforming Post-Catholic Ireland
Gladys Ganiel
Real Sadhus Sing to God
Antoinette Elizabeth DeNapoli
Inside the Islamic Republic
Mahmood Monshipouri
Islamist Terrorism in Europe
Petter Nesser
Mors Britannica
Douglas J. Davies
Women and Religious Traditions
Leona M. Anderson and Pamela Dickey Young
Jews and Their Foodways
Anat Helman
Mark D. Regnerus
Arts & Humanities > Religion > Religious Studies > Sociology & Anthropology of Religion
Social Sciences > Sociology > Sociology of Religion


We have all been sucked into the worldwide craze that is Instagram, there's just something about snapping quick pics and adding gorgeous effects that is addictive. So when I heard about Instagram coming to real life, I was more than a little interested.
The real life Instagram camera was originially only a concept product, but after recently being backed by Polaroid, we hopefully be seeing these on our shelves next year, along with camera bags, filters, lenses and more!
This small handheld device takes pictures, much like any digital camera, but then allows you to add all of the much-loved Instagram effects. Even better, you can now print out your Instagram images straight from the camera, on a sticky back sheet, with space to write much like a post-it.
The trend of having an 'Instagram wall' full of photos you have snapped has quickly spread, and now with this invention it makes things a lot easier. I will definitely be waiting in line to grab myself one of these, with a mix of modern day technology, gorgeous Instagram effects, and the nostalgia of Polaroid pictures, I can see this product quickly being sold out!


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McMurry University freshmen got down and squishy with the annual Slime Olympics Saturday.
The Slime Olympics: Good family fun, just so long as you stand back about 30 feet to watch.
Each fall, incoming McMurry University freshmen hold this squishy, sticky and somewhat-icky competition on the lawn north of Radford Auditorium known as Wah Wahtaysee Park.
Naturally I brought my girls along to watch the whole glorious mess. From a safe, non-sticky distance.
In past years, they used to dig a large pit and fill it with water, marshmallows, the occasional rubber ducky, and eventually every freshman in the contest. Sadly, the pit and its accompanying slip-and-slide contest are no more, perhaps due to the fact that it took a good six weeks for the grass to recover in that spot.
There were still plenty of games to be had, however. There was the Shaving Cream Hair-do and there was the strange egg toss where you pass it to your teammates behind you and the last one gets to run back to the front of the line and crack it on their own head.
The duel between Monica Flores and Haley Shepard was particularly interesting to watch. One flung glitter, the other Fruit Loops. One poured orange soda; the other, mushroom soup.
My only wish in all this is to get the fire department involved. Instead of using a garden hose, or crossing South 14th Street squinting through the shaving cream in their eyes to reach the car wash, it would be quite a bit more efficient — and certainly more entertaining — to watch Abilene's bravest roll those kids clean across the grass using 400 PSI water.
April 19, 2019, 12:19 p.m.
April 19, 2019, 4:54 p.m.
April 17, 2019, 1:19 p.m.
April 17, 2019, 1:35 p.m.


In the past decade, UC San Diego engineers have 3D printed a variety of devices ranging from rocket engines, to robots, to structures inspired by the seahorse's tail. Now, nanoengineers have added a new item to that list: a 3D printed blood vessel network.
The new research, led by nanoengineering professor Shaochen Chen, addresses one of the biggest challenges in tissue engineering: creating lifelike tissues and organs with functioning vasculature —networks of blood vessels that can transport blood, nutrients, waste and other biological materials — and do so safely when implanted inside the body.
Chen's lab has 3D printed a vasculature network that can safely combine with a host network to circulate blood. The blood vessels branch out into many series of smaller vessels, similar to the blood vessel structures found in the body.
Chen's team developed an innovative bioprinting technology, using their own homemade 3D printers, to rapidly produce intricate 3D microstructures that mimic the sophisticated designs and functions of biological tissues. Chen's lab team has used this technology in the past to create liver tissue and microscopic fish that can swim in the body to detect and remove toxins.
The entire structure fits onto a small area measuring 4 millimeters by 5 millimeters, 600 micrometers thick (as thick as a stack containing 12 strands of human hair).
Three-tiered structure of these impact-resistant shells could inspire better helmets, body armor.
Short wave infrared quantum dots provide real-time whole body, brain tumor imaging in mice.


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HomeEntertainmentShannen Doherty provides uplifting update about cancer diagnosis: "I'm back at it"
Shannen Doherty provides uplifting update about cancer diagnosis: "I'm back at it"
Mon, March 2 by ABC News
Photo by Phillip Faraone/FilmMagic
(LOS ANGELES)– After being diagnosed with stage 4 breast cancer and calling it "a bitter pill to swallow" on Good Morning America, Charmed actress Shannen Doherty says she's ready to fight back by starting a new journey to a healthier life. This time, however, she has backup.
She left fans a positive update over the weekend, alongside a slew of pictures of her hanging with friends and preparing a delicious meal. "After a year of dealing with cancer coming back and other stresses, I'm back at it," she confirmed on Saturday. "Taking care of myself and embracing every day."
She admits, however, that's easier said than done because "it's not always easy. I have days I'm depressed or just plain lazy."
Thankfully, she's not in this fight alone and that she is able to "push thru with the help of friends."
She revealed that model Anne Marie Kortright is going above and beyond to help her beat breast cancer, saying she "has been relentless in getting me to hike and learning new ways to cook that feed my soul as well as my tummy but in a very healthy way."
The Beverly Hills, 90210 actress humorously added that Anne Marie also brought in celebrity personal trainer Kira Stokes "to kick my butt yesterday."
Proving just how relentless Kortright is, Doherty's shared to her Instagram stories on Sunday of the two embarking on an early morning walk on the beach.
The 48-year-old revealed that she has others in her corner, as well. She also thanked personal chef Oren Zroya for teaching her how to cook healthier by making it fun and sustainable.
Overall, Doherty said she had "a productive great week" and ended on a positively tenacious note, "I feel better. My skin is alive and so am I."
Rob Thomas rallies for special needs pets in emotional post about his ailing dog, Samy
Founding New York Dolls guitarist Sylvain Sylvain dead at age 69
Six questions about Trump's second impeachment trial answered, much still unknown
FBI discusses possibility of explosive devices at expected protests linked to inauguration
Joanne Rogers, widow of Mister Rogers, dies at 92
Companies target GOP with fundraising pullback. How much will it matter?


North Panola Middle School has a job vacancy for a Head Middle School Football Coach. Valid MS teacher license required. Physical Education endorsement is required. CDL required. For more information, please contact Jamone Edwards at 662-487-2053 or email resumes to jedwards@northpanolaschools.org.


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Home Science Banyoles jaw may be from Europe's first sapiens
Banyoles jaw may be from Europe's first sapiens
The mandible of Banyoles (Girona) belonged to a Homo sapiens that inhabited this area of the Iberian Peninsula between 45,000 and 65,000 years ago, so it could be the oldest bone trace in Europe attributed to an anatomically modern human. This is what a study published this week in the scientific journal Journal of Human Evolution indicates, in which scientists from the United States and Spain participated.
As it was thought that at that time Europe was occupied exclusively by Neanderthals, the jaw was attributed to this fossil species, despite its morphology not being that of a typical Neanderthal.
Among the authors of the work is the scientific director of the Museum of Human Evolution (CENIEH), Juan Luis Arsuaga.
The Banyoles jaw was discovered in a quarry in 1887 and has been studied by different researchers ever since. The fossil has been dated between 45,000 years ago and 65,000 years ago. As Europe was thought to be occupied exclusively by Neanderthals at that time, the Banyoles jaw has been attributed to this fossil species, despite its morphology not being that of a typical Neanderthal.
Images obtained by CT
In the new study, which uses CT imaging, the missing parts of the fossil were reconstructed on the computer. In this way, it was possible to obtain a three-dimensional virtual model that was compared with other fossils through a technique known as Geometric Morphometry.
Arsuaga is categorical as to the species to which Banyoles' jaw belonged: "It is not a Neanderthal. It is in almost all of its morphology a modern human. However, the existence of a chin (chin) is not appreciated, so it cannot be ruled out that it has some Neanderthal ancestry. The oldest Homo sapiens fossil in Europe to date was Pestera cu Oase 1 in Romania, but we claim that Banyoles is older."
The authors point out that the taxonomic reassignment (species change) they propose for Banyoles could be verified through ancient DNA analysis or proteomics.
The authors of this study add that "the taxonomic reassignment (species change) they propose for Banyoles can be verified through ancient DNA analysis or proteomics."
The authors intend to make the CT and 3D model of Banyoles available to other researchers so that they can include them in future comparative studies, promoting open access to fossil specimens and the replicability of scientific studies.
Reassessment of the human jaw from Banyoles (Girona, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution (2022).
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A few days ago I posted Elas Cantam Assim (1957) a 10′ lp on which 4 ladies are presented and each of them is singing two compositions and wondered why Marion, an excellent but almost completely forgotten radio singer, has not recorded more music.
His collection had a name but not a cover, so I did the only logical thing to do in such cases: Started a travel myself in order to find a suitable cover. As you have guessed, I found one, repacked it all and uploaded it on server.


International Women's Day, March 8, was chosen for the launch of the recruitment drive which aims to highlight gender equality and opportunity.
Oxfordshire County Council Fire and Rescue Service will be organising 'taster' days in coming months, offering people from a range of backgrounds an opportunity to experience what it takes to be a firefighter, or a member of the fire prevention team.
Participants will also be able to ask questions to those already in the service.
Clare Crisp joined the fire service after attending a 'taster' day at Didcot Fire Station in 2017.
The former primary school teacher, who is now a freelance writer, wanted to play an active role in the community, and after seeing an advert for on-call firefighters, she decided to give it a go.
Clare, now based at Bicester Fire Station, has attended over 200 incidents, including a blaze at Bullington Prison, house fires and animal rescues.
Clare said: "For me, it's the best job in the world. I wish I'd joined the service years ago.
Talking about the launch of the on-call diversity recruitment campaign, Clare said: "It's been so great to see that Oxfordshire County Council Fire and Rescue Service is committed to breaking down barriers.
This will be mirrored in artwork for the campaign starring a number of firefighters from different backgrounds.
Ideally on-call firefighters should live within a five-mile radius of the nearest fire station, but anyone further afield is also encouraged to get in contact; there are a range of other opportunities.
The next Female 'Taster day' will be held on Saturday, April 6 at Didcot.
To pre-book and for details of future 'taster' days, visit the website: www.oxfordshire.gov.uk/oncallfirefighters or email fire.recruitment@oxfordshire.gov.uk.


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Human Resource Assistant at The United Nations Office at Nairobi
Reputable Company - Nairobi
The United nations office at Nairobi (unon) is the United nations headquarters in Africa and the representative office of the secretary-general. We support programme implementation of the United...
Finance and Budget Assistant at The United Nations Office at Nairobi
The United Nations Office At Nairobi - Nairobi
The United nations office at Nairobi (unon) is the UN headquarters in Africa and the respective office of the secretary-general. Unon supports programme implementation of the UN environment programme ...
Statistician at The United Nations Environment Programme
The United Nations Environment Programme - Nairobi
The United nations environment programme (UN environment) is the United nations system s designated entity for addressing environmental issues at the global and regional level. Its mandate is to...
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Associate Procurement Officer at The United Nations Office at Nairobi
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Information Systems Officer at United Nations Office at Nairobi
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Does anyone know how I could use this as a "keyboard" and how I could program that in the patcher?
I am a total newbie, so excuse me if it is a dumb question, but I would love some help.
The axoloti firmware doesn't have an i2c driver for this device, so you'd have to write one.
Or - alternately use a separate mcu to make a midi controller out of it.
I'm pretty sure there would be arduino/avr code for this device somewhere.
I would not have the faintest idea of how to write something like that.
So that's out of the picture.
What is a MCU and what is AVR?
Haha, that's the level I'm at.
From the hardware standpoint it'd be simpler to write an i2c driver directly in the axoloti firmware, but that's not a best first project.
I have no coding skills, but I want it to work with the Axoloti, so any pointers would be great.
It will take the time it takes.
I have a project, where it is essential.
Might I propose a trade in skills, if anyone would be interested. I am a visual artist, and I am building a sculpture that is a synth, but where you can't see any electronics.
If anyone are in need of some graphic design/art direction help, and would be up for coding for the module, it could be a win/win.
Would writing a i2c driver be a bigger task, or a small one for an experienced coder?
I need a driver, but have no coding knowledge whatsoever. I would have to learn coding for this one-off thing, and I would do it, if that is what it takes.
But if one of you guys would help me, I would be interested in making it worth your while.
As said, I am a visual artist, I have made several record covers, and have a broad range of skills in that department. I would also be willing to pay for the job, but I fear that sends bad vibes, since I believe this is a community for people that share ideas freely.
Any ideas or direct feedback would be great.
I think a lot of you would be enthusiastic about my project. I'll share some info and pictures of where I am in the project later.
I am making a sculpture that is a synth, but you won't see the electronic components. It's sort of a ritual mask on a stander. Heavy, stonework feel. Inspired by Indian paper meche masks, and old African ritual masks. Basically I need the driver to make the copper teeth into a keyboard.
Still in an early prototyping face, but here is a photo of where I am with the mask.
I have this minor obsession with omnichord strum plates, so I'm interested in touch sensors.
Looking at the tp229 datasheet it appears to be a read-only i2c device. ie- read it periodically and get 16 bits representing the touch plate states. I think it should be possible to do the i2c access entirely within the patch object (ie- no drivers added to the main firmware)- that would be convenient.
The tricky thing is that you don't want to wait in the object for the device access to complete because i2c is slow.
I have an mpr121 device at the moment. One of these.
I'll probably just make that work first. The tp229 object would be very similar.
Oh wow. That sounds promising, and gives my scruffy nerves some rest Thanks a lot for your feedback. It is so helpful.
Okay - I have a working mpr121 object.
If someone gives me access to the contrib library I'll push it.
I have a tp229 on order, and I think that's a simpler device. You may want to consider the mpr121. It is very configurable and can apparently be tuned for all sorts of electrode geometries.
Here another topic about MP121.
Yes - I saw the other forum posts, but I didn't see any objects in the contributor repo.
Both of them work ok. The objects are checked into the axoloti-contrib library.
I ordered a bunch of mpr121 breakouts, I look forward to play with these.
Did you already tried to use them along with an OLED to test the OLED128x64nice objects ?
Good choice on the mpr121. The ttp229 is non-configurable, while the mpr121 has all sorts of registers you can tweak to alter it's performance, which is probably useful if you want to mess about with different sensitivities and electrode geometries.
There's also an intriguing "proximity sensor mode" using a combination of all the sensors, maybe it can go Theremin.
That's proximity proximity ... thus, no theremin effect.
I see that in LED mode, it is PWM on 15 levels, that's quite nice: AN3894.
Here is a video from NXP (that introduced the mpr121, now produced by Resurgent semiconductors).
Even if it focuses on their new products, i think that most of the principles apply to the mpr121.
This other one is interesting too.
what? 5 cm of proximity detection, nice!


I am sorry to be late. We used for layering of the kitchen floor after 20 years of new construction. I think I worked well.
This review is about item#35603145.
The color was bright, the factory brightened and the feeling of cleanliness increased.
Although there was anxiety such as texture only with the image of the net, the actual thing was as expected and it was good. However, although there was individual variation, it was not understood at first glance, but there was something different in color when there are something that was sorry.
This review is about item#35603154.
I do not know if it is in transit, but the corners of the four corners are rounded. I think it would be better to apply a more durable horn. There was no problem on the surface / back surface.
The vertical type is common for grooves, but the horizontal type is suitable for use on the stairs. It is convenient to arrange both types and display it in the item description.
This review is about item#35603136.
Used for installation on the interior wall of the house.
I think that it is a very good product. Especially, I chose the type 60 number very much like n color pattern.
To cover the soil wall.
I think that it is a product with very high cost performance.


text:
Special reportSep 14th 2002 edition
Back to nursery school
Small-business finance is at last beginning to get the attention it deserves
THIS is how a small business died. Fifteen years ago, Aniko, a blonde, feisty mother of two, worked for one of Hungary's centralised foreign trade organisations (FTOs), selling honey to Western Europe. She was one of the privileged few who travelled to trade fairs and socialised with foreign buyers. When the FTO closed in 1991, she was left jobless and began to sell honey herself, using her contacts with beekeepers and foreign clients. But she needed finance to bridge the gap between buying the honey and getting paid herself. One Hungarian bank obliged, charging interest at 37.5% and taking the family house as collateral. Business improved, interest rates came down and Aniko had a nice little earner—until 1999, when the EU began to dismantle its tariffs on agricultural imports from Central Europe. The duty on Hungarian honey was cut from 16% to 10%. But, rather unfairly, the duty on Czech, Slovak and Romanian honey went down from 16% to zero.
Hungary's beekeepers protested. If only they had kept their mouths shut. Their protests alerted the banks, which decided they could no longer lend to the honey trade while Hungary had "this international honey problem". Aniko's bank, K&H, a Hungarian subsidiary of KBC of Belgium, refused to provide finance, even when she produced a firm order from a loyal German buyer. Unfortunately she had already spent the 16m forints ($63,000) she would have made on the German deal, so she had to let down the beekeepers, close the business and remortgage her house. Now she is selling honey again, but on 2% commission.
Of course every bank must stick to its credit policy. There may have been good reasons why K&H could not lend. But undoubtedly many small businesses are being starved of finance in Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and elsewhere, simply because they do not meet inflexible credit criteria.
In Serbia, the surviving banks—after the closure of 23 in the past year—are awash with deposits, but they are not inclined to lend to small businesses, says Mladjan Dinkic, governor of the central bank. "One reason is the potential risk, but they also don't have the skills to evaluate credit." The same is true of most banks in the region, although their foreign strategic partners are beginning to change that. The danger is that credit-point-scoring systems of the sort used by banks in the West are too crude to fit individual circumstances.
Nursing small and medium-sized entreprises (SMEs) in Central Europe to create a much-needed Mittelstand is still too labour-intensive to be profitable: it needs technical assistance and some subsidy. Some help has been forthcoming from America, not least because of a perceived need to keep Central Europe onside: after all, much of it is run by retooled former communists. In 1989 America's Congress voted to set up the Polish-American Enterprise Fund, which pioneered the development of smaller businesses in the region. By 1994 it had invested around $200m. It was followed by the Russia Small Business Fund, and similar funds for Bulgaria, Romania and countries in the Caucasus. When America's treasury secretary, Paul O'Neill, attended the EBRD's annual meeting in Bucharest in May, he made a point of visiting a small furniture factory nearby that had been given a small-business loan.
Even the countries in the first wave of EU accession need more small-business finance. But Peter Felcsuti, managing director at Raiffeisen Bank Hungary, warns against a one-size-fits-all concept for the region: "In Poland, a company with euro5m in sales is treated as an SME, whereas in Hungary, because of the competition between banks, even a euro2m company can get special service as a corporate borrower."
The EU's Phare programme channels funds into small-business lending via the EBRD and other European financial institutions. Without the right incentives the banks can suddenly pull the plug. The EBRD's programme, which started at the end of last year, opens lines of credit to local banks that sign up. The EU pays for technical assistance. There are grants to help with such things as marketing and training loan officers. The maximum loan is euro250,000, and the average around euro25,000, but two-thirds of the total number are micro-loans—anything from $50 to $10,000. There is an incentive scheme for the banks: if their portfolio performs well, they get a funding subsidy of 3.4-5.5% from the EU, depending on the size of the loan. "Our biggest concern," says Charlotte Ruhe, who runs the EU-sponsored scheme at the EBRD, "is that the subsidy should not be passed on to the borrower. That would distort competition."
So far the EBRD has signed up 23 banks in the ten accession countries. About euro180m has been lent. More important, the average response time for applications from borrowers has come down from a month to five days. The most enthusiastic bank, says Ms Ruhe, is Bank Zachodni WBK in Poland, whose management is committed to the project and has trained loan officers in 300 branches. In the Czech Republic, experts from Shorebank, a small-business bank in the Chicago region, are helping Ceska Sporitelna run its SME lending programme. The bank tried to expand into small-business lending ten years ago, with disastrous results: it had to be bailed out. But under its new owner, Erste Bank of Austria, it is now flush with deposits and trying to broaden its loan portfolio.
Although securing loans is important, "we try not to turn down a loan that is not based on collateral," says Gretta Larson, a Shorebank expert working at Ceska Sporitelna. Recently the Czech Republic amended the law to permit a lien on movable collateral such as machinery and other capital goods. Neighbouring Slovakia has also passed a new law, based on American practice, which from January 2003 will allow machines, cars, furniture and even intellectual property to be used as collateral. That puts it ahead of most European countries using Napoleonic law, says Katarina Mathernova, an adviser to the government.
The European Investment Bank (EIB) also assists small business through its "global" loans. Unlike the EBRD, which adds technical assistance and monitors each project locally, the EIB tends to push out the money from its headquarters in Luxembourg and trust the local banks to run the projects. As a safeguard, it usually chooses banks whose shareholders include the EBRD, the International Finance Corporation (an affiliate of the World Bank) or Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW), or it lends through the central bank, with a sovereign guarantee. KfW also has a programme of its own, which is slightly cheaper than the EBRD's. The EIB undercuts them both.
Think small
When Elizabeth Wallace was working for the EBRD in the early 1990s, she was struck by the wastefulness of closing down big chunks of the communist world's arms industry without helping the newly unemployed to start new businesses. The EBRD's minimum loan in those days was $15m. An out-of-work munitions worker might have needed a loan of $10,000 to start growing mushrooms in the factory where he once made bombs, says Ms Wallace. Another $10,000 could have started a business cutting up redundant battle tanks. Yet none of this was being done.
Against opposition within the EBRD, notably from Ronald Freeman, the vice-president, Ms Wallace—who is now director for small-business finance at the bank—raised $150m from G7 governments to start the Russia Small Business Fund. Pilot projects in Russia were successful. Losses have been minimal: during the 1998 crisis, when the government defaulted on its debt, "we lost some banks [which went bust] but we kept the clients," Ms Wallace says. One good thing about micro-loans is that the mafia, which to varying degrees is active throughout Central and Eastern Europe, is not interested in taking a cut of such small-scale business.
The EBRD's micro-lending programme, which is now well-established, channels lines of credit to local banks specially set up for the purpose. To date the bank has mobilised $500m of small loans to the region. There are micro-lending banks in Albania, Bosnia, Kosovo, Moldova, Russia and some Central Asian countries. The performance of these banks depends almost entirely on the quality of the loan officers, who must identify good potential borrowers, understand their psychology and keep them motivated.
Collateral is the stumbling-block for most small-business lending. What can a borrower pledge when starting from zero? Ms Wallace's team sought advice from the World Bank and from micro-banks in Indonesia, Mozambique and elsewhere, and found that almost anything will serve as collateral, provided it means a lot to the borrower. It could be a cat, a cow or a treasured fur coat, but preferably a house. As long as the borrower is determined to hold on to the collateral, he or she will probably go on servicing the debt. In most countries the arrears rate has been remarkably low, under 1%. Even in Albania, where a pyramid scam hit thousands of people, the arrears amount to only 3.4% (see chart 5, previous page). The Micro-Enterprise Bank in Kosovo is thought to be the most profitable in Central and Eastern Europe.
In the 1990s many international banks were trying to reduce their loan books and concentrate on fee income from corporate finance and the more affluent clients. Now some have decided that they were wrong to neglect retail and small-business lending. That should make life easier for small borrowers like Aniko.
After the chaos finance in Central Europe
After the chaos
Grab and smash
Rogue trader, rogue parent
In and out
Inconspicuous consumption
Acknowledgments and sources
This article appeared in the Special report section of the print edition under the headline "Back to nursery school"


text:
package com.qcloud.cos.common_utils;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import com.qcloud.cos.exception.ParamException;

/**
 * @author chengwu 封装一些参数检查的类,如果检查未通过抛出参数异常
 */
public class CommonParamCheckUtils {

    /**
     * 判断参数是否为NULL,如果为NULL,抛出参数异常
     *
     * @param objName 参数名
     * @param obj 参数对象
     * @throws ParamException
     */
    public static void AssertNotNull(String objName, Object obj) throws ParamException {
        if (obj == null) {
            throw new ParamException(objName + " is null, please check!");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 判断文件是否适合使用整文件上传,使用范围0 ~ 10MB, 大文件应该用分片上传
     *
     * @param localFilePath 本地文件路径
     * @throws ParamException
     */
    public static void AssertUploadEntireFileInRange(String localFilePath) throws ParamException {
        long fileSize = 0;
        try {
            fileSize = CommonFileUtils.getFileLength(localFilePath);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ParamException(localFilePath + " is not effective file!");
        }

        long maxFileSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
        if (fileSize > maxFileSize) {
            throw new ParamException(
                    localFilePath + " is too large, please use uploadSliceFile interface!");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 判断分片尺寸是否在规定的范围内,抛出参数异常,目前的有效值为64KB ~ 10MB
     *
     * @param sliceSize 分片大小, 单位Byte
     * @throws ParamException
     */
    public static void AssertSliceInRange(int sliceSize) throws ParamException {
        int maxSliceSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10MB
        int minSliceSize = 64 * 1024; // 64KB
        if (sliceSize > maxSliceSize || sliceSize < minSliceSize) {
            throw new ParamException("sliceSize legal value is [64KB, 100MB]");
        }
    }

    private static void AssertNotContainIllegalLetter(String cosPath) throws ParamException {
        String[] illegalLetters = {"?", "*", ":", "|", "\\", "<", ">", "\""};
        for (String illegalLetter : illegalLetters) {
            if (cosPath.contains(illegalLetter)) {
                throw new ParamException("cosFilePath contail illeagl letter " + illegalLetter);
            }
        }
        String pattern = "/(\\s*)/";
        Pattern r = Pattern.compile(pattern);
        Matcher m = r.matcher(cosPath);
        if (m.find()) {
            throw new ParamException("cosFilePath contail illeagl letter / /");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 判断用户指定的cos目录路径是否合法有效, 即必须以/结尾
     *
     * @param cosFolderPath cos目录路径
     * @throws ParamException
     */
    public static void AssertLegalCosFolderPath(String cosFolderPath) throws ParamException {
        if (cosFolderPath == null || !cosFolderPath.startsWith("/")
                || !cosFolderPath.endsWith("/")) {
            throw new ParamException(
                    cosFolderPath + " is not cos folder path! Tips: make sure ends with /");
        }
        AssertNotContainIllegalLetter(cosFolderPath);
    }

    /**
     * 判断用户指定的cos文件路径是否合法有效, 即不以/结尾
     *
     * @param cosFilePath cos文件路径
     * @throws ParamException
     */
    public static void AssertLegalCosFilePath(String cosFilePath) throws ParamException {
        if (cosFilePath == null || !cosFilePath.startsWith("/") || cosFilePath.endsWith("/")) {
            throw new ParamException(
                    cosFilePath + " is not cos file path! Tips: make sure not ends with /");
        }
        AssertNotContainIllegalLetter(cosFilePath);
    }

    /**
     * 判断cos目录是否是根路径,即路径为/
     *
     * @param cosCosFolderPath cos目录路径
     * @throws ParamException
     */
    public static void AssertNotRootCosPath(String cosCosFolderPath) throws ParamException {
        if (cosCosFolderPath == null || cosCosFolderPath.equals("/")) {
            throw new ParamException(
                    "bucket operation is only allowed by web console! please visit http://console.qcloud.com/cos!");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 判断用户指定的本地文件路径是否合法有效,即文件存在且可读
     *
     * @param localFilePath 本地文件路径
     * @throws ParamException
     */
    public static void AssertLegalLocalFilePath(String localFilePath) throws ParamException {
        if (localFilePath == null || !CommonFileUtils.isLegalFile(localFilePath)) {
            throw new ParamException(localFilePath + " is not file or not exist or can't be read!");
        }
    }

    public static void AssertLegalXCosMeta(Map<String, String> xCosMetaMap) throws ParamException {
        for (String x_cos_meta_key : xCosMetaMap.keySet()) {
            AssertNotNull("x_cos_meta_key", x_cos_meta_key);
            if (!x_cos_meta_key.startsWith("x-cos-meta-")) {
                throw new ParamException("x-cos-meta name must starts with x-cos-meta-");
            }
            String x_cos_meta_value = xCosMetaMap.get(x_cos_meta_key);
            AssertNotNull("x_cos_meta_value", x_cos_meta_value);
            if (x_cos_meta_value.isEmpty()) {
                throw new ParamException("x-cos-meta value can't be empty!");
            }
        }

    }

    public static void AssertLegalUpdateFlag(int updateFlag) throws ParamException {
        if (updateFlag == 0) {
            throw new ParamException("please update at least one attribute!");
        }
    }

    public static void AssertLegalSliceSize(int sliceSize) throws ParamException {
        if (sliceSize != 512 * 1024 && sliceSize != 1024 * 1024 && sliceSize != 2 * 1024 * 1024
                && sliceSize != 3 * 1024 * 1024) {
            throw new ParamException("valid slice is 512KB, 1MB, 2MB, 3MB");
        } else {

        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Students — join in the fun and made some new friends at the Welcome Week Kick Off!
On Thursday, September 6 from 12:30 pm – 2:30 pm, get a free lunch at the Meet and Mingle BBQ. This is your chance to enjoy a free BBQ lunch on the Cafeteria Green and hang out with Three Rivers faculty, staff and students.


text:
from os import walk, path
from time import sleep
from bregman.suite import os, Chromagram, HighQuefrencyChromagram, \
    HighQuefrencyLogFrequencySpectrum, HighQuefrencyMelSpectrum, \
    LinearFrequencySpectrum, LinearFrequencySpectrumCentroid, \
    LinearFrequencySpectrumSpread, LinearPower, LogFrequencySpectrum, \
    LogFrequencySpectrumCentroid, LogFrequencySpectrumSpread,\
    LowQuefrencyLogFrequencySpectrum, LowQuefrencyMelSpectrum, \
    MelFrequencyCepstrum, MelFrequencySpectrumCentroid, \
    MelFrequencySpectrumSpread, RMS, dBPower
from contextlib import closing
from wave import open as wopen
from numpy import arange, median, mean
from numpy import sum as npsum
from aubio import tempo, source
from ConfigParser import ConfigParser

class Extraction:

    def __init__(self, path_wave, song_collection):
        print "EXTRACTION"
        # List of all the features that can
        # be extracted so that they can be used as functions
        self.features_list = {'Chromagram': Chromagram,
        'HighQuefrencyChromagram': HighQuefrencyChromagram,
        'HighQuefrencyLogFrequencySpectrum': HighQuefrencyLogFrequencySpectrum,
        'HighQuefrencyMelSpectrum': HighQuefrencyMelSpectrum,
        'LinearFrequencySpectrum': LinearFrequencySpectrum,
        'LinearFrequencySpectrumCentroid': LinearFrequencySpectrumCentroid,
        'LinearFrequencySpectrumSpread': LinearFrequencySpectrumSpread,
        'LinearPower': LinearPower, 'LogFrequencySpectrum': LogFrequencySpectrum,
        'LogFrequencySpectrumCentroid': LogFrequencySpectrumCentroid,
        'LogFrequencySpectrumSpread': LogFrequencySpectrumSpread,
        'LowQuefrencyLogFrequencySpectrum': LowQuefrencyLogFrequencySpectrum,
        'LowQuefrencyMelSpectrum': LowQuefrencyMelSpectrum,
        'MelFrequencyCepstrum': MelFrequencyCepstrum,
        'MelFrequencySpectrumCentroid': MelFrequencySpectrumCentroid,
        'MelFrequencySpectrumSpread': MelFrequencySpectrumSpread,
        'RMS': RMS, 'dBPower': dBPower, 'BPM': 'BPM'}

        #__________________________________________________________
        path_data = path.dirname(path.realpath("configure.txt")) + "/configure.txt"
        #_________________________________________________________________

        config = ConfigParser()
        config.read(path_data)
        feat_dic = {}
        # Storing the parameter values and features from the
        # configuration file in a dictionary
        for feat in config.sections():
            i = 0
            for param in config.options(feat):
                if i == 0:
                    feat_dic.update({feat: {param: int(config.get(feat, param))}})
                else:
                    feat_dic[feat].update({param: int(config.get(feat, param))})
                i += 1

        mdbfeat = {}

        for feat in feat_dic:
            a = None
            b = ''
            # Convert parameters into a name,
            # to classify the extracted features
            if len(feat_dic[feat]) > 1:
                for i in feat_dic[feat]:
                    b += self.parameter_short({i: feat_dic[feat][i]})
                mdbfeat.update({feat: b})
            else:
                mdbfeat.update({feat: self.parameter_short(feat_dic[feat])})

        self.so = song_collection
        self.par_short = mdbfeat
        self.features = feat_dic

        self.extract(path_wave)

        # To iterate through the song database
        # and show all the song collections
        for s in self.so.find():
            print s

    def parameter_short(self, a):
        b = ''
        # Check for all the parameters and
        # combine them as abreviations
        for p in a:
            if p == "default" or 0:
                b = "default"
            else:
                if p == "sample_rate":
                    b += "s" + str(a[p])[:len(str(a[p]))-3]
                elif p == "nbpo":
                    b += "nb" + str(a[p])
                elif p == "ncoef":
                    b += "nc" + str(a[p])
                elif p == "lcoef":
                    b += "lc" + str(a[p])
                elif p == "lo":
                    b += "lo" + str(a[p])
                elif p == "hi":
                    b += "hi" + str(a[p])[:len(str(a[p]))-3]
                elif p == "nfft":
                    b += "nf" + str(a[p])
                elif p == "wfft":
                    b += "w" + str(a[p])
                elif p == "nhop":
                    b += "nh" + str(a[p])
                elif p == "log10":
                    b += "l10" + str(a[p])[0]
                elif p == "magnitude":
                    b += "m" + str(a[p])[0]
                elif p == "intensity":
                    b += "i" + str(a[p])[0]
                elif p == "onsets":
                    b += "o" + str(a[p])[0]
                else:
                    b += "v" + str(a[p])
        return b

    def BPM(self, path, param):
        """ Calculate the beats per minute (bpm) as a rhythm feature.
            path: path to the file
            param: dictionary of parameters
        """
        try:
            win_s = param['wfft']
            samplerate = param['sample_rate']
        except:
            win_s = 512                 # fft size
            samplerate = 11000

        hop_s = win_s / 2           # hop size

        s = source(path, samplerate, hop_s)
        samplerate = s.samplerate
        o = tempo("default", win_s, hop_s, samplerate)

        # Tempo detection delay, in samples
        # default to 4 blocks delay to catch up with
        delay = 4. * hop_s

        # List of beats, in samples
        beats = []

        # Total number of frames read
        total_frames = 0
        while True:
            samples, read = s()
            is_beat = o(samples)
            if is_beat:
                this_beat = int(total_frames - delay + is_beat[0] * hop_s)
                beats.append(this_beat)
            total_frames += read
            if read < hop_s:
                break

        # Convert samples to seconds
        beats = map(lambda x: x/float(samplerate), beats)

        bpms = [60./(b-a) for a, b in zip(beats[:-1], beats[1:])]

        if samplerate == 11000:
            b = median(bpms)*4
        elif samplerate == 22000:
            b = median(bpms)*2
        else:
            b = median(bpms)
        return b

    def sliding_window(self, x, coeff):
        """ The principle of the sliding window is the following:
            We have an array that we want to reduce by a certain factor
            (16 by default). We only reduce the array in the column
            dimension, as the row dimension is critical for certain
            features (as the 12 step chromagram). So we take the array
            and average over coeff + coeff/2 cases (50 percent overlapping)
            and store it as a new array.
            Example: if the initial shape of x is (50,1600), after the
            sliding window has been applied, its new shape is (50,100)
        """
        new_array = []
        # Determine the dimensions of x
        if x.shape != (x.shape[0],):
            for i in x:
                template = []
                for j in arange(int(len(i)/coeff)):
                    if(j != 0):
                        # If it is neither the first, nor the last case
                        template.append(float(npsum(i[j*coeff-coeff/2:(j+1)*coeff])/(coeff+coeff/2)))
                    elif j == int(len(i)/coeff)-1:
                        # Last case, filling up
                        template.append(float(npsum(i[j*coeff-coeff/2:])/len(i[j*coeff-coeff/2:])))
                    else:
                        # First case
                        template.append(float(npsum(i[:(j+1)*coeff])/coeff))
                new_array.append(template)
            xshape = (len(new_array),len(new_array[0]))
        else:
            template = []
            for j in arange(int(x.shape[0]/coeff)):
                if(j != 0):
                    template.append(float(npsum(x[j*coeff-coeff/2:(j+1)*coeff])/(coeff+coeff/2)))
                elif j == int(x.shape[0]/coeff)-1:
                    # Last case, filling up
                    template.append(float(npsum(x[j*coeff-coeff/2:])/len(x[j*coeff-coeff/2:])))
                else:
                    # First case
                    template.append(float(npsum(x[:(j+1)*coeff])/coeff))
            new_array = template
            xshape = (len(new_array),1)

        return new_array, xshape

    def extract_features(self, x):
        """ Extract all features and reducing them invoking the wind function.
            x: path to the file
            para: list of parameter dictionaries
        """
        fea_dic = {}

        # Recognize the features and launch their respective functions
        for f in self.features:
            if f != 'BPM':
                if self.features[f] != {"default": 0}:
                    # **para[i] gets the parameter dictionary and uses
                    # it as an argument for the bregman functions
                    fea_dic.update({f: self.features_list[f](x, **self.features[f])})
                else:
                    # Extraction with default values
                    fea_dic.update({f: self.features_list[f](x)})
            else:
                fea_dic.update({f: self.BPM(x, self.features[f])})

        fea_dic1 = {}
        # Convert the numpy arrays into binaries to store them in MongoDB
        # Change the sliding window reduction coefficient to your liking
        for fe in fea_dic:
            if 'Chromagram' in fe:
                d, s = self.sliding_window(fea_dic[fe].CHROMA, 16)
            elif fe == 'MelFrequencyCepstrum':
                d, s = self.sliding_window(fea_dic[fe].MFCC, 16)
            elif 'LinearFrequencySpectrum' in fe:
                d, s = self.sliding_window(fea_dic[fe].STFT, 16)
            elif fe == 'LinearPower' or fe == 'RMS' or fe == 'dBPower':
                d, s = self.sliding_window(fea_dic[fe].POWER, 16)
            elif fe == 'BPM':
                d = fea_dic[fe]
                s = (0, 0)
            else:
                d, s = self.sliding_window(fea_dic[fe].CQFT, 16)
            fea_dic1.update({fe: {"data": d, "row": s[0], "column": s[1],
                "parameters": self.features[fe]}})
        return fea_dic1

    def parameter_name(self, features_diction):
        # Combine the parameter name dictionary with the feature array
        # dictionary so as to have the final dictionary
        mdbfeat = {}
        for feat in self.par_short:
            mdbfeat.update({feat: [{self.par_short[feat]: features_diction[feat]}]})
        return mdbfeat

    def extract(self, direc):
        """ Iterating function, and inserting id, metadata and features to the collection.
            param: list of parameter dictionaries
        """
        i = 0

        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(direc):
            for file1 in files:
                if file1[len(file1)-3:] == "wav":
                    i += 1
                    w = wopen(direc+file1, "r")
                    # Exracting the file length
                    with closing(w) as f:
                        frame = f.getnframes()
                        rate = f.getframerate()

                    # Launch the actual extraction
                    dbfeat = self.parameter_name(self.extract_features(direc+file1))
                    # Split the file name in order to use all the metadata
                    meta = file1.split("-*-")

                    # Assign the metadata informations
                    if len(meta) == 5:
                        tit = meta[0]
                        art = meta[1]
                        alb = meta[2]
                        gen = meta[3]
                        yea = meta[4][:len(meta[4])-4]
                    elif len(meta) == 4:
                        tit = meta[0]
                        art = meta[1]
                        alb = meta[2]
                        gen = meta[3][:len(meta[3])-4]
                        yea = ''

                    if self.so.find({"metadata.title": tit}).count() == 0:
                        # If this particular song's collection does not
                        # exist, insert the dictionary
                        song_dictionary_insert = {
                                        'song_id': i,
                                        'metadata': {
                                        'title': tit,
                                        'artist': art,
                                        'album': alb,
                                        'genre': gen,
                                        'year': yea,
                                        'length': frame/float(rate)},
                                        'features': dbfeat}

                        self.so.insert(song_dictionary_insert)
                    else:
                        # If this particular song's collection already exists,
                        # then only update the feature dictionary
                        for k in dbfeat:
                            for par in dbfeat[k][0]:
                                a = "features."+k
                                self.so.update({"metadata.title": tit, "metadata.artist": art,
                                "metadata.album": alb}, {"$addToSet": {a: {par: dbfeat[k][0][par]}}})

                    w.close()
                    print i

        print "Extraction successfully completed!"


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text:
How Europe's Best Pastries Rank
Whether it's a breakfast pastry, an addition to afternoon tea or a decadent follow-up to a meal, pastries are temptresses even the strongest-willed cannot resist.
European Pastries, Ranked
There is a reason the world's best restaurants employ pastry chefs: No one can resist a delicious pastry.
Whether it's a breakfast pastry, an addition to afternoon tea or a decadent follow-up to a meal, pastries are temptresses even the strongest-willed cannot resist — especially when they hail from Europe! (Just try to pass a bakery window filled with these treats, we dare you!)
But which country has the best pastries? We left it to social media to decide (because, even after taste tests, it's just too tough for us to call!). These are the pastries that appear in social media hashtags the most, working as a makeshift decider for our ranking. But, honestly, we'll let your sweet tooth decide.
50. Armenian Gata
Also popular in Georgia and Azerbaijan.
This puff pastry filled with khoriz (a mixture of flour, butter and sugar) can also be made with nuts and comes in a variety of shapes and sizes, depending on where you are.
While many are large, round pastries that are sliced and shared, some can be individual-sized. These are especially popular at weddings and festive occasions.
49. Serbian Herovke
This deep-fried treat is popular in the Slovak community. It's not quite like traditional fried dough in that this recipe incorporates sour cream and local schnapps, called rakija, and then the dough is cut and cooked in strips.
Once fried, the strips get rolled into powdered and vanilla sugar. They also offer a savory version.
48. Greenlandic Kalaallit Kaagiat
Also popular in Denmark.
As a Danish colony, the Danes brought Kalaallit Kaagiat to the islanders of Greenland who now enjoy this pastry with coffee.
More a sweet bread than a cake, it is made with sugar and raisins.
47. Swiss Carac
The Swiss do love their chocolate. In this brightly colored tart, dark chocolate fills the pastry and is topped with a green icing and a ganache (more chocolate).
Only the crust is baked. The chocolate is melted and hardens within the shortbread tart that is one of the most popular in the French areas of Switzerland.
46. Scottish Fern Cakes
This classic tart in Scotland is named for the fern of chocolate decorating the top.
The cake is made with almonds, jam and sugar with a fondant icing of sugar glazing the tart's surface.
45. Russian Ptichye Moloko
Meaning "bird's milk," ptichye moloko is a soufflé cake made with gelatin.
It's made using unflavored gelatin to create a layer of white chocolate "mousse" atop a light sponge cake, with a chocolate glaze frosting the top. It is served with whipped cream.
44. Georgian Gozinaki
Similar to a granola bar without the oats, gozinaki is a traditional Georgia dessert made with chopped walnuts, hazelnuts and peanuts sealed together by honey.
This dessert is a feature among New Year's desserts but is eaten throughout the year.
43. Bosnian Gurabija
Also popular across the Balkans.
The Balkans region has a shortbread cookie that gets its flavor from vanilla, lemon zest, and dried fruits and nuts. Just as peanut butter cookies in the U.S. get decorated by fork tines, the gurabija is decorated with a knife or fork.
In Bosnia, however, a sugar cube gets pressed into the cookie's center before it is baked, adding extra sweetness. Sometimes, nuts or dried fruit are also baked into the center.
42. Swedish Strava
Strava, or rosettes, are paper-thin fried doughs with sugar that are made by dipping delicately shaped irons into a batter and then quickly frying.
Most often a treat for Christmas, these pastries are not only fun to eat but also fun to make!
41. Moldovan Cusma lui Guguta
Also popular in Romania.
Guguta's hat is a pastry that dates back to a Moldovan folk story about a man who wore a giant hat to cover everyone under it during the harsh winters.
Made with rolled crepes or pancakes, it is filled with preserved cherries, sugar and sour cream and topped with shaved chocolate and icing.
40. Estonian Kohuke
Also popular in Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Russia.
This "little curd" dessert of Estonia is a dairy pastry of sweetened and pressed curd cheese. (It's a bit like cheesecake.)
The cheese is coated with a chocolate glaze that hardens and first debuted during the Soviet era. Now, it's a popular pastry in multiple countries.
39. Albanian Makroudh
Also popular in Malta and across Northern Africa.
This sweet diamond-shaped pastry features traditional flavors of the Mediterranean: It is filled with dates and nuts (or an almond paste).
After baking, the pastries are tossed in a sweet syrup or honey — very sticky and very yummy!
38. Irish Barmbrack
This sweet bread is a favorite in Ireland, often coupled with a hot cup of tea. Although it is traditionally served during Halloween with small trinkets and coins added as a treat, you'll find it (sans trinkets) year-round at bakeries.
When not filled with surprises, it's filled with raisins, glacé cherries and sultanas. Of course, the bread is eaten with proper Irish butter.
37. Icelandic Kleina
Also popular in other Nordic countries.
It's difficult to pass up a kleina with coffee, no matter the time of day in Iceland.
Similar to a doughnut, these fried dough rolls are shaped into trapezoids and can be topped with powdered sugar or cinnamon.
36. Ukrainian Medivnyk
Also popular in Poland as miodownik.
Medivnyk, meaning honey cake, is just that — layers upon layers of honey cake. In between the layers of cake made with honey is a cream and jam.
35. Finnish Tippaleipa
Referred to as funnel cakes in the U.S., this deep-fried batter pastry uses a lemon flavoring in the dough for a tartness that blends well with the powdered sugar dusted on top.
The cakes are especially popular as a May Day treat in Finland.
24. Lithuanian Kibinai
The national dish of Lithuania, the kibinai is both a meat pie meal and a fruit-filled dessert pie.
As a dessert, kibinai is often made with apples, plums and/or blueberries with creme fraiche. It is then fried and topped with sugar or cinnamon.
33. Norwegian Krumkake
Take a thin Norwegian waffle cookie made with sugar, vanilla and eggs, and roll it into a cone to create the beloved krumkake of Norway.
Next, fill it with whipped cream and you're dessert-ing like a Norwegian.
32. Danish Drømmekage
Contrary to its name, the Danish originated in Austria. While popular in Denmark (known as Wienerbrod or Viennese bread), the drømmekage was, in fact, created in Denmark and is the country's go-to pastry.
This "dream cake" is made with dark brown sugar and shredded coconut. It's often served with a side of cream.
31. Liechtenstein's Dreikonigskuchen
Also popular in Switzerland and the U.S. Gulf Coast.
Known as a King Cake, this special pastry is enjoyed on the 12th day of Christmas in Liechtenstein, which is Jan. 6. (Others enjoy the pastry to celebrate Mardi Gras or Carnival before Lent.)
The cake is actually a sweet roll made with almond, milk, lemon, sugar and often an apricot jam filling, and you can still find it at bakeries outside of the holiday.
30. Bulgarian Banitsa
Also found in Serbia and Croatia.
The banitsa phyllo pastry can be sweet or savory.
As a dessert, the phyllo dough pastry is filled with feta cheese and either milk or yoghurt.
29. Slovenian Prekmurska Gibanica
Also popular in Croatia, Serbia and the Balkans.
Similar to the banitsa is the gibanica, which can be sweet or savory and incorporates phyllo dough.
As a dessert, the layers of dough are filled with a sweet cheese with raisins, an apple and cinnamon filling, poppyseeds and a walnut filling then topped with a sweetened sugar cream.
28. Greek Galaktoboureko
You'll find this sticky pastry across Greece. Phyllo sheets topped with a custard and melted butter get baked and chilled before covered in its sugary syrup.
The syrup is often spiced with orange flavors.
27. Croatian Kremsnita
Also popular in Romania, Poland, Hungary and Serbia.
Cremeschnitte, cremsnit, krempita, kremsnita, napoleonka or cremes, this is a light and airy dessert in any language.
Take two layers of a flaky pastry and sandwich them around a vanilla-flavored creme and whipping cream. Add some powdered sugar, and voila!
26. Hungarian Kiffles
Also popular in Poland as kolaczki.
These Hungarian cookies (sometimes called kifli) are made with a light rolled pastry dough.
Inside the baked treats are various filling options, including fruity jams, nuts and cheese.
25. Romanian Papanasi
Also popular in Moldova.
Haven't heard of papanasi? You've been missing out.
Not only pretty on the outside but delicious on the inside, this Romanian treat is a doughnut-shaped pastry that has been either boiled or fried and stuffed with a soft cheese such as urda. The concoction is then topped with sour cream and a sour jam as well as the fried doughnut hole.
24. Azerbaijani Badambura
Meaning almond pie, this multilayered puff pastry is filled with — you guessed it — almonds.
The bottom of the treat is filled with an almond meal combined with sugar and ground cardamon, while the top is dusted with powdered sugar after cooking.
23. German Hamantaschen
During Germany's medieval times, these triangular "poppy seed pockets," known as mohntaschen, were a popular pastry. Fast-forward 2,000 years when German Jews nicknamed them Hamantaschen, or "Haman's pockets."
The wordplay is based on Haman's pockets being filled with money from bribes. Today, the treat is especially enjoyed during Passover but can be found in Jewish bakeries across Europe with other fillings such as apricot or raspberry jam.
22. Czech Kolace
This cake-like pastry is named for its round shape and is filled with jams. While it's typically made mostly with the fruit uncovered, you can also envelop the filling.
Fruit serves as the main filling, but nuts, sweet cheese, raisins and poppy seeds are often enjoyed as well.
21. Polish Rugelach
A Jewish pastry that may have originated in Poland and spread across Eastern Europe and beyond is known as the rugelach. In Yiddish, it means "little twist."
The twisted pastry is often a croissant style and can be sliced. Inside is a sweet filling, often fruit or a walnut and brown sugar combination.
20. Slovakian Trdelnicky
Also popular in the Czech Republic.
Cooked on a spit, the Trdelnicky is a pancake-like dough rolled around the spit to leave an opening that can then be filled with creme, chocolate, Nutella or ice cream.
Cinnamon and sugar coat the outside of the grilled dessert that can be found at street vendors and bakeries around the country.
19. French Mille-feuilles
Translated into "a thousand sheets," this airy dessert pastry is made up of practically translucent sheets of phyllo dough and filled with custard, almond slivers and vanilla icing.
Also called a "Napoleon," its name doesn't stem from the French emporer but from Naples, Italy, where it is rumored the dessert actually originated as the Neapolitan.
18. Italian Sfogliatella
Although it looks similar to the badambura, this Italian treat is said to have been created by Amalfi Coast nuns in the 1700s.
Europeans definitely have an appetite for paper-thin dough coupled with powdered sugar because this is yet another variation. The sfogliatella eventually began to be filled with custard cream and black cherries. You can find both versions of the pastry high available in any pasticceria.
17. Swedish Kanelbulle
Also popular in Denmark as kanelsnegl, Norway as skillingsboller and Kanelsnurr, and in Finland as korvapuusti.
Everyone loves cinnamon buns, which is what kanelbulle are in Sweden. So beloved are these breakfast pastries that the Swedes celebrate a national day designated to it on Oct. 4.
The cinnamon bun (or roll) is said to have originated in Sweden, but other Northern European nations argue this claim.
16. Danish Kringle
Also popular in other Scandinavian countries.
This often pretzel-shaped pastry is flaky and filled with sweets like sugar, marzipan and raisins.
Said to be created by Roman Catholic monks in Denmark, the pastry often uses seasonal ingredients to change its flavors.
15. Greek Loukoumades
Also popular in Turkey.
Honey is a popular sweetener along the Mediterranean, and in Greece, these honey-dipped fried dough balls have been a popular dessert since the beginning of recorded history in the country.
They are often sprinkled with sugar or cinnamon.
14. Swedish Kladdkaka
This sticky chocolate cake is a national dish in Sweden, providing a crisp shell and gooey chocolate center akin to a molten lava brownie.
The cake is often topped with raspberries and sometimes whipped cream.
13. Polish Paczki
What we call jelly doughnuts in the U.S. are paczki in Poland. Typically more jelly than doughnut, a bite into one of these will have fruit filling oozing out so be careful!
Paczki were developed by French cooks in Poland during the reign of Augustus III in the Middle Ages — who knew jelly doughnuts were so ancient?
12. Belgian Gaufre
The Belgian waffle, known as a gaufre, is not just a breakfast item in Belgium, but it's also a sugary-sweet holder of toppings like chocolate, ice cream, fruit and nuts.
Each square in the waffle is perfect for holding toppings even when eating on the go, which is why you can find street vendors selling them throughout the country.
11. Dutch Stroopwafel
One of the most popular pastries in Europe, the Dutch stroopwafel is a wafer cookie sandwich filled with caramel.
The wafer is meant to be placed over a hot cup of coffee or tea, where the steam will melt the caramel into the cup, and it can then be used for dipping. Still, there are plenty of people who eat it without the coffee and instead pair it with whipped cream, ice cream or other sweets.
10. Austrian Apfelstrudel
Also popular in Bavaria and Northern Italy.
Americans aren't the only ones who love a good, old-fashion apple dessert. The Austrians invented the apfelstrudel, or apple strudel. Created for the Hapsburg family, the strudel quickly spread around the world.
The flaky phyllo crust is wrapped around diced apples and cinnamon then topped with powdered sugar.
9. Portuguese Pastel de Nata
You'll find lines out the door at bakeries where they sell Pastel de Nata (or Pastel de Belem, depending on where you are), as these egg custard pastries are best served hot.
They're so popular that they seem to be constantly coming out of the oven and can be topped with powdered sugar or cinnamon, or eaten as is. Be sure to order more than one!
8. German Schwarzwalder Kirschtorte
Black Forest cake, as it is known in English, was created in Bavaria as a layered cake with chocolate, whipped cream and cherry layers. The cake is then topped with whipped cream, chocolate shavings and cherries.
Not named for the Black Forest, the cake is actually named for the Black Forest cherries, which are sour and make the kirsch found in the cake.
7. Italian Cannoli
A joke from "The Godfather" is, "Leave the gun, take the cannoli." That's because no one can pass up this delicious dessert, which lands at No. 5 on our list.
First created on the island of Sicily, these fried tubes of pastry dough are filled with a sweet ricotta filling. Often, chocolate chips are added to the ends.
6. Dutch Speculoos
In the U.S., you may know them as windmill cookies. Or perhaps a Delta flight's Biscoff cookie? The Dutch almond cookie, often made in the shape of the iconic windmills of the Netherlands is called a speculoo and is a popular cookie to enjoy with tea or coffee.
Special designs may also be made during the holidays, sprinkled with slivers of almond baked right in.
5. French Eclair
You expected a French pastry to be included in our top five, right? While the French have a number of pastries that make it difficult to choose from when visiting a patisserie, the classic éclair may just be the most popular.
This oblong-shaped airy pastry is filled with a cream, pasted with a chocolate icing and is so light you won't be able to eat just one.
4. Turkish or Greek Baklava
Also popular in Greece and the Balkans.
Coming in third is this rich multi-layered phyllo pastry dessert that originated along the Mediterranean. Once again, the sweetness comes from honey, which uses its sticky goodness to hold together the chopped nuts that are found between the layers of phyllo.
Now, we understand Greek baklava is just as popular, so when giving a country the No. 3 spot, the honor should be shared between the countries that overlook one another along the Adriatic Sea. The countries often debate which one had baklava first, so we'll call this one a tie.
3. French Pain au Chocolate
Of course, there is another French pastry in the top five (did you ever doubt it?)
In English, you know pain au chocolate as a chocolate croissant, but it doesn't matter what language you speak, these croissants are a staple of France. Just how do the French make their croissants so light and flaky?!
Most often consumed as a breakfast pastry, it's delicious with a hot cup of coffee.
2. English Scones
Is it possible to hear the word "scone" and not think of the English? They are practically synonymous! Scones are more than breakfast food, they are a tea-time pastry, too.
Served with tea and slathered in jam, butter or slotted cream, these cakes are now enjoyed worldwide.
1. Spanish Churros
It's practically impossible to visit Spain without sampling the churros. Now found in Latin countries across the globe, these fried dough strips are narrow, long and covered in sugar.
Meant to be dipped into a creamy hot chocolate so thick it seems more like a fondue, chocolate dips have become the must-have when eating these desserts. Churros are often sold at food trucks as well as bakeries.


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text:
faqs.org > Rulings and Tariffs Home > Rulings By Number > 1997 NY Rulings > NY 893818 - NY 893950 > NY 893889
NY 893889
CLA-2-23:S:N:N7:231 893889
TARIFF NO.: 2309.90.1032; 2309.90.3190; 2309.90.3990
Mr. Richard Fischer
Advanced Microbial Systems, Inc.
Shakopee, MN 55379-0239
RE: The tariff classification of animal feed from Germany.
Dear Mr. Fischer:
In your letter, dated December 8, 1993, you requested a tariff classification ruling.
The merchandise is comprised of four animal feed products: Oralin, Boviferm Ultra, Boviferm Primo, and Boviferm Plus.
Oralin consists of bacteria (pure Enterococcus faecium on a carrier) and lactose. E. faecium is a natural gut inhabitant in animals. Boviferm Ultra is pure Oralin packaged in small pouches. It is added to milk replacer that is fed to young calves to safeguard their health.
Boviferm Primo is composed of Oralin, peanut oil, lactose, vitamin A palmitate and vitamin E. Boviferm Primo is packaged in syringes, and it will be fed to young calves that are nursing to protect their health.
Boviferm Plus is made of whey powder, dextrose, rice flour, banana flakes, bentonite clay, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, pectin, natural flavors, tannin, potassium chloride, Oralin, manganese chloride, calcium chloride, vitamin A, and vitamin E. It is used as a milk replacer feed for calves.
The applicable subheading for Oralin and Boviferm Ultra will be 2309.90.3190, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS), which provides for preparations of a kind used in animal feeding, other, other, animal feeds containing milk or milk derivatives, containing over 10 percent by weight of milk solids, other. The rate of duty will be 7.5 percent ad valorem. However, under quota subheading 9904.10.69, HTS, there is no allowance for animal feed from Germany which contains milk or milk derivatives.
The applicable subheading for Boviferm Primo will be 2309.90.3990, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS), which provides for preparations of a kind used in animal feeding, other, other, animal feeds containing milk or milk derivatives, other, other. The rate of duty will be 7.5 percent ad valorem. However, under quota subheading 9904.10.69, HTS, there is no allowance for animal feed from Germany which contains milk or milk derivatives.
The applicable subheading for Boviferm Plus will be 2309.90.1032, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS), which provides for preparations of a kind used in animal feeding, other, mixed feeds or mixed feed ingredients, other cattle feed, prepared. The rate of duty will be free.
This ruling is being issued under the provisions of Section 177 of the Customs Regulations (19 C.F.R. 177).
A copy of this ruling letter should be attached to the entry documents filed at the time this merchandise is imported. If the documents have been filed without a copy, this ruling should be brought to the attention of the Customs officer handling the transaction.
Jean F. Maguire
Area Director
Tariff No.: 2309.90.10 - Mixed feed or mixed feed ingredients used in animal feeding


text:
La Superliga 2021-2022, 76ª edizione della massima serie del campionato albanese di pallavolo maschile, si è svolta dal 1º ottobre 2021 al 30 aprile 2022: al torneo hanno partecipato nove squadre di club albanesi e la vittoria finale è andata per la decima volta al .

Regolamento

Formula
La formula ha previsto:
 Regular season, disputata con girone all'italiana, con gare di andata e ritorno, per un totale di diciotto giornate: le prime due classificate hanno acceduto alle semifinali play-off, mentre le squadre classificate dal terzo al sesto posto hanno acceduto ai quarti di finale.
 Play-off, disputati con:
 Quarti di finale, giocati con gare di andata e ritorno.
 Semifinali, giocate al meglio di due vittorie su tre gare.
 Finale, giocata al meglio di tre vittorie su cinque gare.

Criteri di classifica
Se il risultato finale è stato di 3-0 o 3-1 sono stati assegnati 3 punti alla squadra vincente e 0 a quella sconfitta, se il risultato finale è stato di 3-2 sono stati assegnati 2 punti alla squadra vincente e 1 a quella sconfitta.

Squadre partecipanti

Torneo

Regular season

Risultati

Classifica

Legenda:
      Qualificata alle semifinali play-off.
      Qualificata ai quarti di finale play-off.

Play-off

Tabellone

Risultati

Quarti di finale

Semifinali

Finale

Verdetti

Statistiche

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Pallavolo nel 2021
Pallavolo nel 2022
 2021-2022

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