text:
Neural Activity Triggers Neuronal Oxidative Metabolism Followed by Astrocytic Glycolysis
Karl A. Kasischke1,
Harshad D. Vishwasrao1,
Patricia J. Fisher2,
Warren R. Zipfel1,
Watt W. Webb1,*
1 School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
↵* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: www2{at}cornell.edu
Science 02 Jul 2004:
Vol. 305, Issue 5680, pp. 99-103
Karl A. Kasischke
School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Harshad D. Vishwasrao
Patricia J. Fisher
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Warren R. Zipfel
Watt W. Webb
We have found that two-photon fluorescence imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) provides the sensitivity and spatial three-dimensional resolution to resolve metabolic signatures in processes of astrocytes and neurons deep in highly scattering brain tissue slices. This functional imaging reveals spatiotemporal partitioning of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism between astrocytes and neurons during focal neural activity that establishes a unifying hypothesis for neurometabolic coupling in which early oxidative metabolism in neurons is eventually sustained by late activation of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. Our model integrates existing views of brain energy metabolism and is in accord with known macroscopic physiological changes in vivo.
Functional neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have provided valuable insights into the working brain and are widely used in both neuroscience and clinical neurology. However, fundamental questions related to the cellular and molecular aspects of neurometabolic and neurovascular coupling are still unresolved. For example, a PET study has demonstrated nonoxidative glucose consumption during focal neural activity (1), whereas other in vivo studies have reported oxidative metabolism (2, 3). Many of the discordant results might be related to methodological issues, differing stimulation protocols, and the restricted measurement of either oxidative or glycolytic metabolic signatures.
The in vitro observation that glutamate uptake stimulates astrocytic lactate secretion to feed neurons provides a mechanism for the coupling of neuronal activity to glucose utilization (4) and is supported by ex vivo and in vivo studies (5–7). However, the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle model has been challenged (8, 9), and the ability to resolve astrocytic from neuronal metabolism is needed to verify this hypothesis (6, 8, 10). Multiphoton microscopy (11) provides subcellular metabolic imaging (12, 13) by utilizing the intrinsic fluorescence of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as a sensitive indicator of both oxidative (14) and glycolytic (15, 16) energy metabolism.
Our measurements were done on the well-known hippocampal slice preparation. The emission spectrum (Fig. 1A) and dynamics of the intrinsic tissue fluorescence seen upon pharmacological manipulation of the respiratory chain activity (Fig. 1B) show that the reduced form of the protein-bound pyridine nucleotides NADH and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (17) are the dominant fluorophores in the hippocampal neuropil. Taking into account analytical measurements of [NADH] and [NADPH] in rodent brain under resting (18) and under activated conditions (19, 20), we conclude that both the resting fluorescence and the fluorescence fluctuations are dominated by NADH. Although the two-photon action cross section of NADH in solution (Fig. 1A) is 1/100 to 1/1000 the magnitude of conventional fluorophores, direct two-photon excitation of intrinsic NADH fluorescence is still feasible. The concentration of NADH in vivo can be in the millimolar range and the intracellular environment substantially enhances its fluorescence. For example, we have measured >10-fold increases in the action cross section for NADH when bound to malatedehydrogenase and when in viscous medium.
Intrinsic fluorescence in the neuropil originates from NADH. (A) The two-photon (2P)-action cross section of NADH (open squares, top x axis, right y axis) overlaps with the 1P-excitation-spectrum of NADH (solid line, bottom x axis, left y axis) when plotted at twice the wavelength. The 2P-emission spectrum of intrinsic fluorescence from the neuropil of CA1 (dotted line, bottom x axis, left y axis) is blue-shifted by ∼20 nm compared with the spectrum of aqueous NADH (solid line); this indicates protein-binding of NADH (17). (B) Cyanide was applied to acute slices in concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 mM. The dose-dependent response proves that this is NADH (each group n = 5 to 6, average ± SEM). (Inset) Dynamics of the NADH fluorescence response under cyanide perfusion for 5 min.
Pyramidal neurons and the neuropil exhibited a granular fluorescence pattern that colocalized with Rhodamine 123, which implies a mitochondrial origin for NADH. The remaining homogeneous fluorescence in the neuronal somas and nuclei was dim. Brightly fluorescent star-shaped cells were disseminated throughout the hippocampal neuropil (Fig. 2A). We identified these cells as protoplasmic astrocytes by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunolabeling and by using transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the GFAP promoter (Fig. 2B). The 1:1 correlation of the bright intrinsic fluorescence from the star-shaped cells with GFP demonstrates that the intrinsic signal alone is sufficient for the identification of astrocytes and their processes (Fig. 2C).
Astrocytes exhibit a characteristic NADH fluorescence pattern. (A to C) Astrocytes can be identified by means of their characteristic NADH fluorescence pattern as demonstrated by the 1:1 correlation of the disseminated, intrinsically bright fluorescent cells in the neuropil of CA1 (stratum radiatum) with GFP-expressing astrocytes. (D to F) A GFP-expressing astrocyte shown at high magnification with confluent cytoplasmic NADH fluorescence and granular mitochondrial NADH fluorescence (arrowheads) along its processes. (G) Distribution of mitochondria (cytochrome oxidase subunit IV immunolabeling) in the neuropil of CA1 (stratum radiatum). (H) Additional GFAP-labeling of the same section shows that the concentration of mitochondria in astrocytes is not elevated in comparison with the surrounding neuronal neuropil. (I) Astrocytes (GFAP immunolabeling) and dendrites (MAP-2 immunolabeling) are the two dominant compartments in the neuropil of the stratum radiatum of CA1. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI in (G to I). Scale bars, 20 μm.
Astrocytes responded to brief hypoxic episodes (5 min) with a concurrent transient elevation of their intrinsic fluorescence, indicating NADH as the source. We could not detect any significant difference in onset, amplitude, and recovery of the response to hypoxia between neighboring astrocytes and neurons at a temporal resolution of 30 s. The fluorescence texture in astrocytes was uniform, with elevated levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus relative to neurons, implying a substantial cytoplasmic NADH fraction. Large and bright mitochondria were apparent in astrocytes and along their processes (Fig. 2, D to F). Using the GFP-GFAP fluorescence as an image-processing mask, we determined that the level of the astrocytic NADH fluorescence exceeded that of the surrounding neuronal neuropil in a given optical section by ∼60%. Immunolabeling of cytochrome oxidase and GFAP confirmed the presence of large mitochondria in astrocytes and demonstrated that the confluent intrinsic fluorescence pattern in astrocytes cannot be accounted for by the mitochondrial NADH (Fig. 2, G and H). The presence of elevated cytoplasmic NADH in an astrocyte compared with a neuron under resting conditions indicates higher glycolytic capacities in the astrocytes. Comparing immunolabeling of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and GFAP also showed that dendrites and astrocytes are the dominant compartments in the stratum radiatum of CA1 (Fig. 2I).
Our ability to identify astrocytes within the neuropil solely by means of their characteristic intrinsic fluorescence pattern provides the opportunity to investigate activity-dependent metabolism in glial and neuronal compartments. Activation of the Schaffer collateral pathway by extracellular stimulation (32 Hz for 20 s) induced a robust biphasic activity-dependent metabolic response that has been observed in numerous ex vivo and in vivo studies (21–23) with an early 3 to 4% decrease in NADH fluorescence with a minimum after ∼10 s (the "NADH dip") and a subsequent ∼3% increase (the "NADH overshoot") peaking at ∼60 s (Fig. 3A). The time course of both peaks was independent of the stimulus duration (5, 20, 60 or 240 s). However, with longer periods of stimulation (60 and 240 s) the overshoot was sustained in both amplitude and duration (Fig. 3A, inset). Biphasic changes in NADH fluorescence (above 12%) were observed in the stratum radiatum of CA1, which indicated that the response is a consequence of synaptic activity in the Schaffer collateral pathway (Fig. 3, B and C). Surprisingly, the NADH dip and the NADH overshoot were highly anticolocalized (Fig. 3D) with a linear correlation coefficient (r) of –0.84 and a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.71, which suggested that the biphasic NADH response is due to different cell types and even their compartments.
The early and late phases of activity-dependent metabolism are anticolocalized. (A) Activation of the Schaffer collateral pathway (32 Hz for 20 s) induces a biphasic NADH fluorescence response in the neuropil (n = 8, average ± SEM). The inset shows the response after stimuli were applied for longer times (60 s and 240 s). (B and C) Percent-change maps were superimposed on the original raw images (see the legend on the right). Both the NADH dip (B) and the NADH overshoot (C) are strongest in the stratum radiatum of CA1. Labels: Stratum pyramidale (SP), stratum radiatum (SR), stratum moleculare-lacunosum (SML), dentate gyrus (DG), tip of the stimulation electrode (tip). (D) The binary image of the NADH-dip (green) and the NADH-overshoot (red) in the neuropil of CA1 shows that the early and late phases of the biphasic NADH response are highly anticolocalized with a linear correlation coefficient of –0.84. Scale bars, 50 μm.
In order to obtain an independent measure of neural activity, we recorded local field potentials in the stratum radiatum of CA1. We estimated the induced neural activity by multiplying the frequency of each evoked field potential by its amplitude. During stimulation (32 Hz) of the glutamatergic Schaffer collateral pathway, we measured a ∼200 fold increase in neural activity compared with baseline and recovery (Fig. 4A).
Early oxidative metabolism in dendrites is eventually sustained by glycolysis in astrocytes. (A) Evoked field potentials (inset) were used as an independent measure of neural activity. CNQX (25 μM) abolished the postsynaptic potentials and reduced the induced neural activity by a factor of >100 (purple plot). (B) The NADH dip is dendritic and the consequence of postsynaptic glutamate receptor activation as demonstrated by its almost complete annihilation after application of CNQX. The astrocytic NADH overshoot is substantially reduced but remains statistically different with respect to the controls (all groups n = 8, average ± SEM), which suggests an astrocytic origin of the late response. (C) Percent-changes superimposed on the raw image (contrast enhanced) show that the NADH overshoot often colocalizes with astrocytes and their processes. Scale bars, 20 μm. (D) The biphasic NADH response is the sum of two spatially and tempo-rally distinct monophasic metabolic responses, which indicated early oxidative recovery metabolism in dendrites followed by late activation of glycolysis in astrocytes (n = 8, average ± SEM).
To assess the contribution of the dendritic compartment to the overall metabolic response, we applied the glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) and waited until the evoked responses had disappeared before starting the brief tetanic stimulation. CNQX blockade of postsynaptic kainate/AMPA receptors reduced the induced activity during stimulation by a factor of ∼100 (Fig. 4A). In all trials, CNQX almost completely eliminated the NADH dip, but not the NADH overshoot (Fig. 4B). This result establishes the dendritic origin of the NADH dip. The dip residue (∼15% of the original response) was statistically not distinct with respect to the controls and may be attributed to the axonal compartment. The overshoot was attenuated, but remained with an ∼2% elevation distinct from controls (P < 0.01). We conclude that the NADH overshoot can be pharmacologically dissected from the dendritic NADH dip and is triggered by presynaptic activity and not by postsynaptic receptor activation, which suggest an astrocytic origin of the overshoot.
The superposition of the dip and the overshoot onto raw images at higher magnifications revealed that the dip originated from small, often circular, areas with an average intensity ∼10% higher than the average tissue intensity (fig. S1). Furthermore, these dip regions were never found in areas that could be morphologically identified as astrocytes. The intensity, shape, and location of the dip regions are consistent with the interpretation that these are neuronal mitochondria (Fig. 2, F and H). In contrast, overshoot regions were significantly larger than the dip regions, and they colocalized with astrocytes and their processes (Fig. 4C).
The inherent spatial three-dimensional (3D) resolution of multiphoton microscopy enabled us to optically dissect the biphasic NADH response between its early dendritic and late astrocytic components. We confined the analysis to regions where the NADH fluorescence change following stimulation exceeded twice the standard deviation of its spontaneous fluctuation before stimulation. This represents a robust threshold for statistically significant responses. The analysis revealed that the biphasic response actually is a superposition of two temporally and spatially distinct monophasic metabolic responses (Fig. 4D). The early dendritic response (green plot in Fig. 4D) is a transient NADH oxidation that closely matches the NADH dip. The NADH level reaches a minimum after ∼10 s with a half-time of ∼3 s. The recovery of the first response to baseline levels is much slower, with a half-time of ∼10 s. The late, astrocytic response (red plot) is a transient NADH production that resembles the NADH overshoot in the second half of the total fluorescence response (black plot). The astrocytic response starts at the nadir of the early response ∼10 s after stimulation onset and reaches a maximum after ∼30 s, with a half time of ∼19 s. The integrated signal intensity in the area of astrocytic NADH production exceeded the integrated neuronal NADH consumption on average by ∼57% after a 20 s stimulus. This net NADH production was further enhanced when longer stimuli were applied (Fig. 3A).
The early, dendritic response with fast NADH oxidation and slow recovery to baseline indicates oxidative recovery metabolism. The curve is the sum of NADH oxidation by the respiratory chain and subsequent NADH production by the Krebs cycle dehydrogenases (23, 24). The late astrocytic response with a monophasic NADH increase is the consequence of a temporary net production of NADH during nonoxidative glycolysis, where the reduction of NAD+ by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase temporarily exceeds the subsequent oxidation of NADH by the conversion of pyruvate to lactate (15, 16). The glycolytic nature of the NADH overshoot is corroborated by analytical measurements reporting about a threefold elevation of cytoplasmic NADH peaking ∼1 to 2 min after onset of seizure activity with a concurrent but longer-lasting lactate production (19). The cytoplasmic NADPH did not show significant fluctuations (20). We explain the attenuation (∼39%) of the astrocytic NADH production upon CNQX by the closure of the dendritic lactate sink with subsequent product inhibition of nonoxidative glycolysis. Coincidently, CNQX increases the extracellular glutamate availability and should unmask any significant contribution of mitochondrial NADH production by astrocytic glutamate oxidation to α-ketoglutarate, which we did not observe.
Our data demonstrate the spatial and temporal separation of early oxidative and late glycolytic metabolism between the neuronal and glial compartments during focal neural activity and provide direct experimental evidence for the existence of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. However, the sequence of the observed metabolic events differs from the initial proposal of this model (4), which predicted an overproduction of lactate from the very onset of focal activity. Our results appear closer to their more recent interpretation (25).
A transient increase in deoxyhemoglobin (the "initial dip") of the cerebral microcirculation was attributed to a focal increase in cerebral oxygen metabolism (2). This interpretation was contested (26) but recently corroborated by direct measurements of early neuronal oxygen (27) and cerebral lactate (9) consumption. According to our model, the transient mitochondrial NADH oxidation is the direct consequence of respiratory chain activation as the physiological event underlying the macroscopic signs of oxidative metabolism, all of which occur within the first seconds after onset of induced activity. The spatial confinement of the NADH dip to dendrites further supports our view, since the preferred localization of cytochrome oxidase is in postsynaptic dendritic areas (28).
The kinetics of the late astrocyte NADH response as an indicator of enhanced glycolysis are in accord with reports that demonstrated nonoxidative glucose consumption during induced brain activity (1, 29). Note that the temporal resolution of PET or NMR spectroscopy would not have permitted the detection of early oxidative metabolism in these studies. However, one study (30) using a microsensor with significantly higher temporal resolution described a biphasic change in extracellular lactate with an early decrease (duration 10 to 12 s), followed by a long-lasting overshoot (peak after ∼60 s). This result is in full agreement with our model, which is based on our ample resolution in both space and time.
Our results confirm that early neuronal oxidative metabolism is the default response to increased neural activity. Only after a significant period (∼10 s) with depletion of substrates for oxidative metabolism (9, 30) is astrocytic glycolysis activated. Thereby, extracellular lactate might serve as a buffer preventing activation of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle during minor or short-lasting neural activity. The observation that the transient NADH production as an indicator of nonoxidative glycolysis in astrocytes exceeds neuronal NADH consumption and further increases with longer stimulation strengthens this interpretation.
Our model integrates existing views of the organization of brain energy metabolism during focal neural activity (1–3, 5) and has direct implications for the design and interpretation of functional neuroimaging studies: The discovery that early oxidative metabolism is entirely neuronal strengthens the motivation for the current search for the initial dip in BOLD-fMRI, and the confinement of glycolysis to astrocytes implies that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose–PET studies measure glucose uptake into the glial and not the neuronal compartment during focal neural activity.
Supporting Online Material
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/305/5680/99/DC1
SOM Text
Fig. S1
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We thank R. S. Balaban, L. Pellerin, and D. Piston for discussions and I. Tullis and A. Heikal for technical advice. K.A.K. thanks R. Love, F. Bergmann, S. Hess, B. T. Hyman, and A. C. Ludolph for support. Dedicated to Keiko Tsuno-Kasischke (†20 October 2003). This research was conducted in the Developmental Resource for Biophysical Imaging Opto Electronics, a NIH-NIBIB resource. Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KA1490/2-1 and 2-2) and the National Institutes of Health (P41-EB001976-16).
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By Karl A. Kasischke, Harshad D. Vishwasrao, Patricia J. Fisher, Warren R. Zipfel, Watt W. Webb
Science 02 Jul 2004 : 99-103
Two-photon analysis of neural tissue shows that astrocytes feed glycolysis-generated lactate to neurons, which oxidize the lactate to supply energy for maintaining ionic balances.


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Heavy torrential rains hit Brazil's capital Rio de Janeiro on the night between April 8 and 9, giving rise to flash floods. According to a report by Al Jazeera, ten people have been killed and a state of emergency has been declared.
The average rainfall in Rio during April is 95 mm, but the flash floods ensued when 246 mm of rain fell on to the city in just nine hours. In many videos available on social media, water can be seen gushing through the streets of the city, engulfing vehicles and uprooting trees.
According to reports, schools in the city were closed and people were asked to avoid stepping out of their homes.


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India comes to the table.
Baig's venture is an exception. Emo2 provides retailers, hospitality companies, health providers and other businesses a consumer-facing walled garden of apps and content they can offer to customers on site.
Their biggest account is Cafe Coffee Day, with 1,300 locations around India serving 350 thousand customers daily. So far, they're in about a hundred locations. Customers sit down at a table with a built-in, 21-inch touch screen, and then browse the menu and use the store's own apps.
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text:
Police charge man for luring girl into trailer
A 62-year-old Lebanon man is behind bars after luring a 10-year-old neighborhood girl into his recreational trailer and trying to kiss her.
Police charge man for luring girl into trailer A 62-year-old Lebanon man is behind bars after luring a 10-year-old neighborhood girl into his recreational trailer and trying to kiss her. Check out this story on ldnews.com: http://ldne.ws/29BSEBu
Lebanon Daily News Published 11:12 a.m. ET July 8, 2016 | Updated 12:09 p.m. ET July 8, 2016
Hipolito Sanchez-Rivera, 62, of Lebanon was charged after police said he lured a girl into his recreational trailer and tried to kiss her.(Photo: Submitted by Lebanon Police Depa)Buy Photo
Hipolito Sanchez-Rivera is being held on $25,000 bail after being arraigned by District Judge Tom Capello on charges of indecent assault, luring a child into a motor vehicle/structure, and corruption of minors.
Police spoke with the girl and her father on Thursday afternoon at their home in the first block of North 12th Street where Sanchez-Rivera also lives. The girl told investigators that when she was walking by Sanchez-Rivera's house he offered her money and invited her inside his recreational trailer to get the cash.
Once inside the trailer, the girl said she sat on the edge of Sanchez-Rivera's bed and he pushed her backwards onto the bed and attempted to kiss her on the mouth. The girl managed to turn her head and kick Sanchez, yelling "No!" as she ran from the trailer, police said. The girl was not injured.
Sanchez was arrested after being apprehended and interrogated by police.
Read or Share this story: http://ldne.ws/29BSEBu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Simply because Lightning doesn't always strike the tallest point. Lightning is actually looking for the path of least resistance. A desirable path to ground. Sometimes there is a more desirable path for the lightning to follow that's recessed lower than a tall chimney or a cupola. A lightning protection system protects the entire surface area of the home. The rods are placed every 20 feet along the main ridges and on the chimneys. This means that no matter where the lightning hits, it will hit one of the rods and be redirected to the grounding system.
This does not mean that the chimney or antenna that is up on the roof is still not a target. It will certainly be a target for lightning if your building is in a risky location. But it just means that it wouldn't get hit 100% of the time.
There is only one way to fully protect a building from lightning. Unfortunately you have to do more than putting a rod up at the tall point. We have seen first-hand, houses struck where for a variety of reasons, the lower part of building was the point of the strike. I recall years ago a house in Torrington, CT where lightning actually struck below the roof line because that was where the electrical service fed into the house! We've seen countless times where lightning has struck a low, sharp corner of a structure and not the tallest point. There was also a home in Egremont, MA where a tree quite far away from the house was struck. This tree wasn't any taller than any of the other adjacent trees. It was just luck of the draw. Unfortunately in that particular situation, the lightning traveled down the evergreen tree and arched with a copper gas line. There was a propane tank very close to this tree. This caused the electrical current to start a fire that resulted in a total loss of the house. Fortunately nobody was home when the fire started.


text:
The Chorus Girl's Romance er en amerikansk stumfilm fra 1920 af William C. Dowlan.

Medvirkende
 Viola Dana som Marcia Meadows
 Gareth Hughes som Horace Tarbox
 Phil Ainsworth som Steve Reynolds
 William Quinn som P.P. Anderson
 Jere Sundin som Betty Darrell
 Sidney De Gray som Fred Ward
 Lawrence Grant som Jose Brasswine
 Tom Gallery som Charlie Moon
 Edward Jobson som Dr. Tarbox
 Martin Best som F.W. Jordon
 Anne Schaefer som Emma
 Dorothy Gordon som Wilson
 William V. Mong som Dillinger

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra USA
Amerikanske film fra 1920
Komediefilm fra USA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
At Home With Strangers: Urban Life and the Moral Force of Nationalism
10 Feb 2012 5:00pm - 7:30pm CRASSH, Alison Richard Building, 7 West Road, Cambridge
Please note that registration for this lecture is now closed because we are at capacity.
Thomas Blom Hansen (Anthropology and South
Asian Studies, Stanford University)
Professor Blom Hansen will give the keynote address to the conference Nationalism and the City. His lecture is free and will be followed by a wine reception.
Ben Anderson begins his canonical book on
nationalism by describing the crucial sentiment it produces as one of deep
camaraderie with people one has never met, or will ever meet. Inhabiting the
nation is thus like inhabiting the city – living close to people who are
perfect strangers. However, rather than seeking a functional and causal
relationship between urban mass culture and nationalism, as Ernest Gellner
would have argued, I propose that nationalism gave shape and institutional form
to urban life because it provided a medium and categorical schema through which
urban life could be interpreted: some were friends and allies (sharing
language, color or religion), there were recognizable 'others' by way of
language, class, color or religion, and there were the real strangers in Simmel's
sense, people who could not be assimilated into known categories and therefore
were regarded as dangerous and unsettling.
Drawing on examples from India and
Africa, I argue that nationalist and ethnic sentiments often were mobilized
against the perceived alienation and moral corruption associated with city
life. National and cultural sentiments
became the moral force engendering a wide range of urban institutions – housing
colonies, clubs, associations, recreational activities, trade unions, political
parties – that in various ways addressed and ameliorated the problems and
consequences of urban mass society. Unlike Lefebvre's idea that the 'right to
the city' is a sentiment and demand that emerges from shared life circumstances
in the city, I argue that when 'the right to the city' became an real
collective sentiment it was always/already captured within a nationalist
imagination and attendant ideas of majoritarianism and the rhetoric of
autochthony. Nationalism flowered in the city but more often as a divisive
factor than as a unifying force.
Places are limited. Please register via the link on the right.
The conveners are grateful for the support of The Centre for
Research in the Arts, Social
Sciences and Humanities (CRASSH) and the Faculty of History at the University of Cambridge, and the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism (ASEN).


I love shooting on location, it can really help set the tone of a photograph. For models it can also be easier than shooting in a studio, as there is more to work with, whether it's something to lean on, sit on, or simply the wind giving their hair some movement. Some of my best work has been captured on location and any good model should look to get some images in the portfolio on location.
Images also in low resolution .jpg files with logo watermark for use on online portfolios and social networks.
Studio shoots are great for a photographer as the control of light is much more accurate than anywhere else. For the model however it can be tougher, no props and very little margin for error. A great studio shot is essential for a portfolio, whether it is a Headshot, full body or three quarters.
Make up Artist – Price dependant on what is required.
Fashion Stylist – Price on Request and dependant on kind of looks required.
Email me via the Contact page, or alternatively just give me a call on 07590 901488.


Come and join us in an afternoon of fun and ease. We will have CPE topics on Public Art by invited speakers Mon Orlina and A.G. Sano. A quick presentation of PALA's future projects will follow after. In addition, some members will auction off their artworks and/or personal stuffs. Party will continue until 6:00 pm ...or even onwards.
It will be held on a Saturday, 7th of December 2013 at the Museum of Filipino Architecture, Building 1, College of Architecture, UP Diliman, Quezon City. Registration and lunch will start at 12:00 noon.
This will be a FUNdraising Event where 50% of the proceeds from the Auction and every cent of the collected Registration Fee (Php400) will be donated for the benefit of the Typhoon Yolanda Victims. Lunch and Merienda will be served thru Potluck to save more for our donations, so we encourage you to pledge food or drinks. Also, to keep up with the theme of the event, please come in your most "maarte" attire.
Do you feel the surge of vertical developments sprouting all over the Metro? Are you updated with the latest technologies and design approaches to thrust the Greening of our Urban 'Concretescape'? Do you have current or prospective projects that require Green Roofs and Green Walls?
Then this CPE is for you!
All are invited to attend the very first CPE for this year themed: Green Roofs and Green Walls as a Sustainable Urban Greening Effort. It will be held at the Museum of Filipino Architecture, College of Architecture, in UP Diliman on the 17th of August 2013. This is on a Saturday, from 1:00pm-5:00pm. Admission Fee is Php 400.00 inclusive of refreshments.
L. Arch't. Efren Aurelio to talk about "Green Roof Designs in the Metropolis"
The MMDA, to discuss the "Green Walls at EDSA"
Green Cube to speak on the latest "Green Wall Technology."
An Open Forum will follow after the talks to discuss the most important facet of Philippine Landscape Architecture - YOU - the Landscape Architects. How is your practice? How is the profession? What do we need? How do we address our needs?
Let us equip ourselves with new information and take full charge at making our cities greener, breathable, and livable. Reconnect, be heard, strengthen our core, lead, prosper.


text:
Q: Limit on window height when resizing with Applescript I have a multi-monitor Mac desktop (4 displays each of 1920x1080 arranged in a 4x4 rectangle) and can use a mouse to open a window across all monitors, filling the whole four screen desktop.
(am running Mavericks and have disabled the "Displays have separate Spaces" checkbox)
I want to be able to so this automatically, so used AppleScript. However, the window will not open to a height greater than one of the displays (1080 pixels), even though the displays are arranged in a 4x4 matrix so that the total height of the desktop is reported as 2160 pixels. Window width is no problem and the script opens nicely across displays horizontally.
Here is the key part of the AppleScript:
tell application "Finder"
    set bounds of first window to {0, 0, 3840, 1800}
end tell

There seems to be some kind of limit on the vertical size of the window. Any ideas how I can achieve automation?
Googling has pulled endless gripes about multi-monitor support on Mavericks but I can't find anything related to this particular issue.
Thanks in advance
BACKGROUND
I've tried this on two multi-monitor display configurations:

*

*Early 2014 Mac Pro.
Four external 1920x1080 monitors arranged landscape in a 2x2 rectangle.
Reported desktop size is {0, 0, 3840, 2160}

*MacBook Pro Retina Late 2013:
Two external 1920x1200 monitors arranged one above the other
(and the laptop's own 2880x1800 internal display of course)
Reported desktop size is {0, 0, 3360, 2400}

A: I don't have multiple monitors to test this, but on my one monitor the (0, 0) point is the upper left corner of my screen. Maybe you need to adjust the second number of your bounds. My suggestion would be to open a window manually by hand. Then run this code to get the bounds. Then try to set the bounds with the returned values. Of course I still don't know if this will work but at least you'll know you're working with the proper bounds. Good luck.
tell application "Finder"
    return bounds of window 1
end tell

EDIT: once you know the proper bounds, you might try using System Events to resize the window. System Events doesn't know "bounds", but it does know "position" (the first 2 numbers in your bounds) and "size" (the second 2 numbers in your bounds). Try this with your numbers.
tell application "System Events"
    tell process "Finder"
        set position of window 1 to {0, 400}
        set size of window 1 to {800, 500}
    end tell
end tell

A: Not to revive a dead subject, but with some external dependencies it is possible to resize larger than the monitor resolution. You need a program called MegaZoomer [https://github.com/ianh/megazoomer] ... and you need EasySIMBL [https://github.com/norio-nomura/EasySIMBL].
Install EasySIMBL first, (can be downloaded from http://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/44354/easysimbl ). Then pull down MegaZoomer from (http://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/21275/megazoomer) ... copy the megazoomer package into the EasySIMBL packages dir. You will need to enable the package in SIMBL. You may have to reboot. Then run your applescript and it should work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


MINISTRY OF MINERAL RESOURCES, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AWKA.
To develop and utilize scientific and technological inventions and innovations to make Anambra State a knowledge based and industrialized economy.
To create an environment that encourages and enables the development and utilization of science and Technology in all facets of human endeavour in Anambra State.
Development of the Science and Technology sector in the State through Research and Collaboration with other governments, agencies, the organized private sector and individuals.
Unleashing and harnessing the potentials of mineral and energy resources available in Anambra State with a view to enhancing private sector investment in the Mineral Resources Sector.


If you are looking to save a little money, refinancing your mortgage may be an option to consider. By replacing your current home loan with a more manageable mortgage means a reduction in your monthly bill, even if it means the length of your loan increases. But refinancing comes with many complex legal concerns, and it's beneficial to have an experienced refinance mortgage attorney by your side to help you with the process.
At Mazzoni Karam Petorak & Valvano, our Scranton real estate attorneys have been working with clients throughout Northeastern Pennsylvania since 1962. We understand the complexities involved in these transactions and can help simplify the whole process, making sure you're getting the best loan terms possible.
When you try to refinance your mortgage on your own, although you may be saving money, you could run into trouble down the line. You may be facing penalties, processing fees, commission fees, and lender charges. But by hiring an attorney, you can keep all these costs under control.
Availability: Refinancing may not be an option, depending on the terms of your real estate contract and Pennsylvania laws.
Foreclosure: If there is a foreclosure proceeding filed against your home, this can make your process more difficult.
Negotiation Challenges: Not everyone is a born negotiator. If you are inexperienced in negotiating new contract terms, you may end up paying more than you should be.
Debt Issues: Refinancing your mortgage may mean you're incurring more debt. Failing to keep up with high payment amounts may mean financial debt and legal woes.
There are several steps involved in refinancing your mortgage. Your first step should be examining what your current mortgage. Check to see if there is a prepayment penalty and know what your current interest rate is. These are important to know before you begin shopping around for a new mortgage. You may also want to examine your budget and see how much you are able to pay for a mortgage.
At this time, it's beneficial to have an attorney helping you with the process. The attorney can advise you on what your best option may be and help you avoid any schemes and scammers out there. There are predatory lenders out there who will attempt to entice you to refinance at a reduced interest rate. However, these scams don't explain the costs and fees involved and usually warrants a fee upfront.
Once you choose a lender, you're going to want to lock in your rate, meaning your lender will commit to the day's rate options, even if your rates go up in the future. Then comes the paperwork. You will need tax returns, W-2s or 1099s, bank statements, any alimony or child support payments.
At Mazzoni Karam Petorak & Valvano, we want you to get the best possible outcoming for your mortgage, one that fits your needs and won't hurt you financially. We will negotiate with lenders on your behalf to make sure your costs are minimal. We'll walk you through the refinancing process and will advise you on what your next steps should be.
If you are considering refinancing your mortgage, don't go through the process alone. Contact the Scranton refinancing mortgage attorneys at Mazzoni Karam Petorak & Valvano today for a free consultation. Serving clients in Lackawanna and Luzerne counties, Wayne County, Monroe County, and Pike County.


Rookie Pat Noonan and Dario Fabbro each scored a goal to lead the New England Revolution to a 2-0 victory over the MetroStars in the opening round of the MLS playoffs Saturday night in front of 10,211 at East Rutherford, N.J.
The two-game series switches to Foxboro, Mass., for a second match next Sunday. Under the league's new playoff format, the team with the most goals in the two games advances to the Eastern Conference finals.
The Revolution scored its first goal in the 17th minute when Fabbro redirected a shot by Jay Heaps past Jonny Walker.
The MetroStars were denied a tying goal in the 48th minute when defender Eddie Pope appeared to put a shot into the net below the crossbar. However, an official ruled that the ball never crossed the goal line before Noonan kicked it out of the goal.
Chicago 2, D.C. United 0 -- Andy Williams and Ante Razov each scored a goal to help the Fire spoil United's return to the playoffs in front of 15,202 at Washington.
United, which had been 12-0 at home in the playoffs, hadn't played in the postseason since beating the Galaxy in 1999 for its third MLS Cup title.
Williams scored on the game's first shot by tucking a low drive inside the far post from nearly 30 yards.


text:
Q: Simulation/Optimization Package in R for tuning weights to achieve maximum allocation for groups I am looking to identify the simulation package in R to identify the perfect weights, that enables me allocate my datapoints into the maximum bucket.
Basically, i want to tune my weights in a such a way the achieve my goal.
Below is the example.
  Score1,Score2,Score3,Final,Group
0.87,0.73,0.41,0.63,"60-100"
0.82,0.73,0.85,0.796,"70-80"
0.82,0.37,0.85,0.652,"60-65"
0.58,0.95,0.42,0.664,"60-65"
1,1,0.9,0.96,"90-100"

Weight1,Weight2,Weight3
0.2,0.4,0.4

Final Score= Score1*Weight1+ Score2*Weight2+Score3*Weight3

The sum of my weights is 1. W1+W2+W3=1
i want to tune my weights in such a way that most of my cases lie into the "90-100" bucket. I know there won't be a perfect combination, but want to capture the maximum cases. I am currently trying to do the same in excel manually, using Pivot, but want to know if there is any package in R, that helps me to achieve my goal.
THe group allocation "70-80" "80-90" is something i have made in excel, using if else condition.
R Pivot Result:
"60-100",1
"60-65",2
"70-80",1
"90-100",1

Would appreciate if someone can help me to for the same.
Thanks,

A: Here's an approach that tries to get all the final scores as close as possible to 0.9 using a nested optimisation approach.
Here's your original data:
# Original data
df <- read.table(text = "Score1, Score2, Score3
0.87,0.73,0.41
0.82,0.73,0.85
0.82,0.37,0.85
0.58,0.95,0.42
1,1,0.9", header = TRUE, sep = ",")

This is the cost function for the first weight.
# Outer cost function
cost_outer <- function(w1){
  # Run nested optimisation
  res <- optimise(cost_nested, lower = 0, upper = 1 - w1, w1 = w1)

  # Spit second weight into a global variable
  res_outer <<- res$minimum

  # Return the cost function value
  res$objective
}

This is the cost function for the second weight.
# Nested cost function
cost_nested <- function(w2, w1){
  # Calculate final weight
  w <- c(w1, w2, 1 - w2 -w1)

  # Distance from desired interval
  res <- 0.9 - rowSums(w*df)

  # Zero if negative distance, square distance otherwise
  res <- sum(ifelse(res < 0, 0, res^2))
}

Next, I run the optimisation.
# Repackage weights
weight <- c(optimise(cost_outer, lower = 0, upper = 1)$minimum, res_outer)
weight <- c(weight, 1 - sum(weight))

Finally, I show the results.
# Final scores
cbind(df, Final = rowSums(weight * df))

#   Score1 Score2 Score3     Final
# 1   0.87   0.73   0.41 0.7615286
# 2   0.82   0.73   0.85 0.8229626
# 3   0.82   0.37   0.85 0.8267400
# 4   0.58   0.95   0.42 0.8666164
# 5   1.00   1.00   0.90 0.9225343

Notice, however, that this code gets the final scores as close as possible to the interval, which is different from getting the most scores in that interval. That can be achieved by switching out the nested cost function with something like:
# Nested cost function
cost_nested <- function(w2, w1){
  # Calculate final weight
  w <- c(w1, w2, 1 - w2 -w1)

  # Number of instances in desired interval
  res <- sum(rowSums(w*df) < 0.9)
}

A: This can be formulated as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem. The mathematical model can look like:

The binary variable δi indicates if final weight Fi is inside the interval [0.9,1]. M is "large" value (if all your data is between 0 and 1 we can choose M=1). ai,j is your data.
The objective function and all constraints are linear, so we can use standard MIP solvers to solve this problem. MIP solvers for R are readily available.
PS in the example groups overlap. That does not make much sense to me. I think if we have "90-100" we should not also have "60-100".
PS2. If all data is between 0 and 1,  we can simplify the sandwich equation a bit: we can drop the right part.
For the small example data set I get:
----     56 PARAMETER a

            j1          j2          j3

i1       0.870       0.730       0.410
i2       0.820       0.730       0.850
i3       0.820       0.370       0.850
i4       0.580       0.950       0.420
i5       1.000       1.000       0.900

----     56 VARIABLE w.L  weights

j1 0.135,    j2 0.865

----     56 VARIABLE f.L  final scores

i1 0.749,    i2 0.742,    i3 0.431,    i4 0.900,    i5 1.000

----     56 VARIABLE delta.L  selected

i4 1.000,    i5 1.000

----     56 VARIABLE z.L                   =        2.000  objective

(zeros are not printed)


text:
China moves to smooth relations with African students
Videos showing minorities being targeted in Guangzhou's coronavirus crackdown have caused a diplomatic row
Actions targeting Africans and African Americans, allegedly in the name of disease control, have shaken the foreign student community in Guangzhou, a southern Chinese city that is home to more than a dozen universities with diverse student bodies.
Numerous social media posts − some showing racial minorities being left homeless after sudden evictions, forced into home quarantine or barred from buying essentials from local businesses − have made the news worldwide. One student told NBS Television, a Ugandan broadcaster, that she faced "racism" including Africans being barred from equally accessing hospital care and public transport. Another student, from Botswana, told CNN that she and fellow Africans had been taken for coronavirus testing, when students from other countries had not.
African ambassadors wrote a joint letter to China's foreign ministry voicing concerns about "stigmatisation and discrimination", while the US Embassy in Guangzhou issued an alert advising African Americans "to avoid the Guangzhou metropolitan area until further notice".
The Chinese government, which has used generous scholarships and other programmes to attract more than 80,000 African students to the country, acted quickly. A Chinese foreign affairs official met on 13 April with African ambassadors about the issue, and state media was quickly filled with reports on China's fair treatment of foreigners.
Adams Bodomo, an African studies professor at the University of Vienna, told Times Higher Education the incidents could affect China-Africa relations. "In a way, Beijing, which has worked very hard to build and sustain excellent Africa-China relations for the last 15 to 20 years…is shooting itself in the foot through the actions of anti-African authorities in Guangzhou," he said.
He warned that "permanent damage in Africa-China relations could occur if Beijing fails to stem the periodic racist and xenophobic attacks against Africans in China".
Written by Joyce Lau,
Source link: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/china-moves-smooth-relations-african-students
'I can't afford rent': the students facing hardship during lockdown...


text:
let iterable = function* fn() {
  yield 0;
  yield 1;
  yield 2;
}();

let iteratorMethod = iterable[Symbol.iterator];
iterable[Symbol.iterator] = undefined;

expect(() => {
  let [_, ...res] = iterable;
}).toThrow(/non-iterable/);

// In older envs, regenerator uses @@iterator.
// In those browser Babel must delegate to Array.from, which
// needs to be polyfilled by the user and support @@iterator.
iterable["@@iterator"] = iteratorMethod;
Array.from = (it) => {
  var i = it["@@iterator"](), arr = [], r;
  while (!(r = it.next()).done) arr.push(r.value);
  return arr;
};

let [_, ...res] = iterable;
expect(res).toEqual([1, 2]);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Scars & Make-Up
by Shantay Williams
To all my single mothers out there who have or are going through the struggle do not let anything deter you from what you want in life and what you have been striving for. The best is yet to come and although things have seemed too far-fetched or out of reach; as strong Black women we were destined for greatness. Always shoot for the stars and aim high in whatever endeavors you pursue and never let anything get you down regardless of your situation. Always take the good with the bad and smile wh... more
Real Reality or the consequential human reality
by Nicolas Desire
This book is not to be spoiled. Open it, have fun discovering interest or disinterest. There is no reason for me to encourage the feeling of numbness of the comfort by giving the potential readers already the full plot and meaning of my book. Discovering is finding your path through the shallow and deep waters, through storms and barbaric winds, to finally land at the shore of revelation.
Jesus wanted
by Pawel Zelwan
The book "Jesus wanted" is a personal call for the verification of common representations of the figure and identity of the Originator of Christian faith. The call is addressed primarily to believers, but only due to the same reason why the Master of Nazareth gave priority access to the benefits of the Gospel to the elect of his Father. I therefore also direct the invitation to face the thought and faith contained herein to Readers who are only loosely or even antagonistically connected t... more
Controversial Commentary About America
by James W. Breedlove
James W. Breedlove is the author of CONTROVERSIAL COMMENTARY
ABOUT AMERICA; Doris Taylor compiled the articles in this anthlogy.
The book is an anthology of articles written by Breedlove over a period of
years. It deals mostly with race relations and issues.
Queen of Deception - The true story of Daisy Bates
by Brian D. Lomas
Daisy Bates was regarded as an expert on Aboriginal culture, and her influence penetrated every corner of white Australia. An uncommon woman; she became a celebrity who met princes, dined at the governor's table, lectured to packed halls, stayed at the best hotels and travelled first-class. It is also the tale of a woman who met naked men, women and children as they came out from the desert, cooked on a campfire, wrote on scraps of paper, lived under canvas and journeyed by camel buggy. What unf... more
Fact & Fake Files & Fiction of the Paranormal
by Timothy Spenard
All of us are haunted. You don't agree? Consider for a moment…there are images, experiences, people you carry with you, whether you want to or not. They're the ghosts of your past, of yourself, of your life. Once you understand that simple truth—the veil between everyday life and the paranormal dissolves, and you are ready to step into the eerie world of Fact & Fake Files & Fiction of the Paranormal. A unique creation, half of this book recounts chilling moments of the author's life, and half en... more
Rasputin and the Jews: A Reversal of History
by Delin Colon
This book is a well-documented account of Rasputin as a healer, equal rights activist and man of God, and why he was so vilified by the aristocracy that their vicious rumors became accepted as history. For nearly a century, Grigory Rasputin, spiritual advisor to Russia's last Tsar and Tsarina, has been unjustly maligned simply because history is written by the politically powerful and not by the common man. A wealth of evidence shows that Rasputin was discredited by a fanatically anti-Semitic Ru... more
Mexico: Sunlight & Shadows: Short Stories & Essays by Mexico Writers
by Mikel Miller
This is the paperback version of the 2015 Gold Award Kindle book, one of the best books available about life for both expat residents and natives in villages and cities across Mexico. What sets it apart from other books about living in Mexico is that it's a literary collection of twenty-two short stories and essays, full of insights by contemporary authors who write and live full time in Mexico or who have spent a lot of time living in the country. Their writing spans a variety of topics; many c... more
Evolving a New Model of Health Care Evaluation in India
by Dipayan Chowdhury
The objective of this study is to analyze the growing implications of malpractice litigation on the evolution of health care reform in India and to further examine the interdependence of the two. The study is specifically in the context of a recent judgment in the Indian Supreme Court, Dr. Balram Prasad v. Doctor Kunal Saha & Ors. , where a 770 million rupees compensation had been awarded to the claimant of the suit, on account of certain special circumstances which have further been discussed i... more
One Man Out Of Many
by Omar Joseph
Omar Joseph is a young aspiring rapper who's looking for his big break in the music industry. After being abandoned by his father and watching his mother (Evelyn) die from AIDS when he was 17, he was then forced into manhood where he becomes the man of the house for his younger brother Bilal. One way that Omar begins to cope with his new life was to write music. His passion for writing and recording music gets him his local notoriety, but the temptations and the allure of the drug dealing an... more
The Sound of Serenity
by Paeti Gustav Xaviers
This book was an autobiography of thought that began with the little girl, trying to prove she was a genius by figuring out God. As the book developed, the subconscious seed that was planted when she was a child grew and blossomed, affecting all aspects of her life.
Through periods of marijuana abuse to being diagnosed with mental illness, she pursued her quest: to find God. In the book she related experiences that proved, to her, God's existence and she shared what she believe... more
Szen Zone: Reaching a State of Positive Change
by Gary Szenderski
Where ZEN is of the moment and what is, SZEN celebrates what could be.
Szen Zone contains lighthearted and positive narrative on life and its possibilities, with stories that cover the gamut from interesting to profound.
The general overarching theme of the book is change and all of the aspects of it - creating, surviving, and managing change with the goal to recognize the power we have to create positive change in our lives and be what we want to be.
If you are a f... more
More Collected Couteau: Essays and Interviews
by Rob Couteau
The interview subjects in this collection include Michael Korda, the former editor in chief at Simon and Schuster and the author of "The Charmed Life"; Robert Roper, author of "Nabokov in America: On the Road to Lolita"; the Pulitzer Prize-winning author Justin Kaplan (the biographer of Mark Twain and Walt Whitman); Professor Jeffrey Jackson, author of "Paris Under Water" and "Making Jazz French"; Christopher Sawyer-Lauçanno, author of "E. E. Cummings: A Biography"; James Dempsey, author of "... more
Das Mordmotiv in Georg Büchners Woyzeck: Essay (German Edition)
by Christian Milz
You Ain't Hungry Until I'm Starving: Nutrition for the Soul
by Vid Lamonte' Buggs Jr.
Simultaneously touching and gritty, "You Ain't Hungry Until I'm Starving" promotes peace and equality by offering unique insight into some of the most complicated issues of our time. "The secret is - there really is no secret!" Growing up an African-American man with some Native American ancestry, Buggs has been gifted with a broad and unbiased view of race relations in America. Never one to shy away from the harsh realities of life, he instead chooses to redirect our human confusion and frustra... more
Sur Albert Camus: L'Étranger. La porte du malheur: Le cas Meursault (French Edition)
Le meurtre d'un Algérien commis par Meursault et le procès qui s'ensuivit soulevèrent des questions qui n'ont toujours pas trouvé de réponses aujourd'hui ; et ceci, en dépit du fait qu'il s'agit d'un dossier criminel et que la littérature grouille de polars en tous genres. Pourquoi ne pas confier le cas Meursault à un détective ? C'est exactement ce que cet essai se propose de faire. Et le résultat en est aussi stupéfiant que spectaculaire.


To request an official document, please complete the form below.
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The construction of 12 units on 2 levels in Ada Street, Taringa is progressing well.
The basement blockwork has been completed and the first floor slab is now being poured.
The project is due for completion in mid December 2003.


I have been reading you're blog for several months now and find them very insightful and helpful. If possible I would be interested in learning some of these mobility tests you talked about in the blog as well as exercises to help fix any mobility issues. Anything you can send me would be appreciated. Thank You.


text:
Hot Stocks / Black Rifle Coffee Aims to be the Next Big Controversial SPAC
Black Rifle Coffee Aims to be the Next Big Controversial SPAC
SBEA stock seems like a reasonable speculation back down here at $10
November 29, 2021	 By Ian Bezek, InvestorPlace Contributor	Nov 29, 2021, 12:52 pm EST	 November 29, 2021
All summer and fall, special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) have been on the retreat. Back in February, it seemed any and all SPACs would shoot straight up after announcing a deal. Since then, however, SPACs have gone ice cold; the majority now slump under $10 after closing a deal. So what's SilverBox Engaged Merger Corp. (NASDAQ:SBEA) stock's approach to avoid getting caught in the SPAC crossfire?
Source: YuniqueB / Shutterstock.com
Simply put, it's going for controversy. You see, the one bright spot for SPACs recently was the one associated with former President Trump. Digital World Acquisition (NASDAQ:DWAC) shot up from $10 to more than $100 after announcing that it will be merging with Trump's newly-formed media and social networking company.
Critics were quick to go after Digital World, pointing out the apparent deficiencies in the company's business model and technology. However, it hasn't really mattered to DWAC stock, which remains around $50 per share now. It's clear that there is investor demand for investments in companies that appear to go against the mainstream media. There's a significant interest in supporting the counterculture.
Here's where SilverBox Engaged Merger enters the picture. It, seemingly having noticed the Digital World success, has announced plans to take over a right-wing coffee business. That's right, coffee is now a political issue.
A Starbucks For Conservatives
Over the years, Starbucks (NASDAQ:SBUX) has gotten itself into a number of debates over cultural issues. Starbucks has taken stances on things such as concealed carry of weapons in its stores that have angered conservatives. Its donations and activism on issues such as LGTBQ+ inclusion has also ruffled some feathers.
Here's where Black Rifle Coffee enters the mix. The company intends to be a Starbucks of the right. Black Rifle's imagery is obviously centered around guns, which appeals to many potential customers and acts as a direct counterpoint to Starbucks' well-known position on that issue. The company is based out of Utah, a state that is traditionally quite friendly to conservative values. Black Rifle has also earned positive word-of-mouth from conservative icons such as Donald Trump Jr. and Sean Hannity.
Black Rifle has used meme-based marketing to appeal to its ideological fanbase. The company ran advertising around the phrase "covfeve," for example, which was a famous typo from President Trump's Twitter account.
Is Political Affinity Sufficient Grounds For a Consumer Brand?
It's not all been smooth sailing for Black Rifle, however. The company has sought to distance itself from certain people on the right. Black Rifle famously came out against Kyle Rittenhouse. Rittenhouse had worn Black Rifle merchandise and then got involved in fatal shootings in Kenosha, Wisconsin. At the time, the Black Rifle's CEO estimated that the company had lost between 3,000 and 6,000 subscribers due to its disavowal of Rittenhouse.
This issue has resurfaced this past week. Following Rittenhouse's recent exoneration, conservatives have launched a boycott campaign against Black Rifle in response to its handling of that matter.
This gets to a broader point. It's hard to build a mass market product simply by appealing to people's politics. Say what you will about Starbucks' activism, but it's found within great business model. Starbucks has excellent real estate, generally well-trained and polite employees, a solid product mix, and a great setting for hanging out and getting some work or meetings done.
Black Rifle, by contrast, has primarily only sold coffee online up to this point. That's fine and good; there's money in direct-to-consumer plays. However, it's unlikely to support a large public company simply from selling some coffee beans online.
To that end, SBEA stock has started opening up physical stores, which it calls outposts. The company only has seven such locations open today, but it aims to get to 78 outposts over the next two years. That will be the true test of whether there is actually broad market demand for Black Rifle's conservatively-tinged coffee.
SBEA Stock Verdict
It's hard to get a read on the investment merits of this business. Up until now, Black Rifle has primarily been a direct-to-consumer coffee and merch selling operation. That's fine as a small-scale business. But it won't support the sort of lofty valuation that investors are likely hoping for.
So, it will be crucial to see how Black Rifle's physical store locations work out. If their outposts can drum up business like Starbucks or Dutch Bros (NYSE:BROS), then SBEA stock is likely to be a long-term winner. If not, Black Rifle will remain more of a participant in the culture wars than anything worth owning in people's investment portfolios.
For now, though, SBEA stock might be worth a gamble. After all, it's right back to $10, meaning downside is limited until the SPAC deal closes. Meanwhile, if this deal ends up getting the same sort of attention as DWAC stock did, upside could be considerable.
On the date of publication, Ian Bezek did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines.
Ian Bezek has written more than 1,000 articles for InvestorPlace.com and Seeking Alpha. He also worked as a Junior Analyst for Kerrisdale Capital, a $300 million New York City-based hedge fund. You can reach him on Twitter at @irbezek.
Article printed from InvestorPlace Media, https://investorplace.com/2021/11/sbea-stock-black-rifle-coffee-aims-to-be-the-next-big-controversial-spac/.


The Ocean Blue have been working on a new album, which will be the follow up to 2013's Ultramarine. Though they haven't set a release date for the album, it sounds like the new album will be another glorious slice of indie pop. Last night The Ocean Blue debuted their first taste of new music in almost five years, via the new Korda Records' compilation Korda 4 Komp. Stream the official video for "Therein Lies The Problem With My Heart" below and head over to Bandcamp to stream and pick up a copy of Korda 4 Komp.


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Who owns Dalian Wanda?
Dalian Hexing Investment Co., Ltd.Wanda Group / Parent organization
What companies does Wanda Group own?
Wanda Cultural Industry Group is divided into four companies – film holdings, sports holdings, tourism holdings and children's entertainment. By 2020, Wanda Cultural Industry Group aims to be ranked among the top five cultural companies in the world in terms of revenue.
What does Wanda company do?
Wanda Commercial Properties is the world's largest commercial real estate company. Its nationwide portfolio includes 123 Wanda Plazas and 78 hotels with a total gross floor area of 21.57 million square meters.
Is Dalian Wanda listed?
On September 28, 2017, S&P downgraded Dalian Wanda Commercial Properties to BB. In 2017, Wanda earned around 49% of its revenue from Dalian Wanda Commercial Properties Co.
Did a Chinese company buy AMC Theaters?
Dalian Wanda Group Co., the conglomerate founded by Chinese billionaire Wang Jianlin, has given up its majority control over AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc. Wanda, which bought AMC in 2012 for $2.6 billion, cut its stake and voting power in the company to 9.8% as of March 3, AMC said in its annual report.
How much does Wanda own AMC?
Wanda now owns 10,000 of AMC's Class A shares, or 0.002% of the total shares outstanding. No single entity holds an ownership stake above 10%, AMC said. "With no controlling shareholder in place, now AMC will be governed just as is most other publicly traded companies, with a wide array of shareholders," Mr.
How strong is Wanda?
Wanda is possibly the most powerful mutant in the MCU. Wanda possesses the incredible power of Chaos Magic. Wanda's power can warp reality and existence and bring total destruction to the cosmos. According to S.H.I E.L.D, Wanda's Comparative Mutagenic Power is 9.3.
What is Wanda investment?
Wanda Investment Company sets up PE fund and PE securities investment fund under its brand and carries out M&A, PE investment and asset management businesses. It has successfully invested in the fields of finance, technology, consumer, culture, sports and tourism.
Is AMC owned by the Chinese Communist Party?
China's Wanda Gives Up AMC Theatres Majority Stake It is official: Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group has given up its majority stake in movie theater giant AMC Entertainment, doing business as AMC Theatres.
Why did AMC sell Wanda?
The company began selling down its AMC holdings in 2018, soon after Chinese regulators targeted Wanda and other private conglomerates including HNA Group, Anbang Insurance and Fosun International over their aggressive, debt-fueled purchases of overseas assets. Banks were told to curtail funding for these deals.
What American companies are owned by China?
American Companies You Didn't Know Were Owned By Chinese Investors
AMC. Popular cinema company AMC, short for American Multi-Cinema, has been around for over a century and is headquartered in Leawood, KS.
General Motors.
Spotify.
Snapchat.
Hilton Hotels.
General Electric Appliance Division.


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Blast Beats: Disturbed, Jaldaboath, James LaBrie
Here are quick shots of a few more recent records:
Disturbed, "Asylum"
After delivering their best effort since their debut with 2008's "Indestructible," Disturbed had me really looking forward to this record. Much like "Believe," the follow-up to their debut, "Asylum" is a disappointment. The songs here are not as catchy as those on "Indestructible" and, like "Believe," they lean more toward the mellow and melodic. I know a lot of people don't like David Draiman's "monkey screams," but to me, when he uses the more melodic approach, his vocals are like wallpaper, and that's the case here.
To be honest, this record rubbed me the wrong way from the first track I heard from it, "Another Way to Die." It wasn't the environmental message that bothered me. That can be done well, a la Metallica's "Blackened." Instead, it was the utter preachiness of the song. While, musically, it's not horrible, the lyrics read more like a sermon than a song, and I can't stand that. There are some nice moments here, like the spooky opener "Remnants," the title track and the crunchy "Sacrifice," but more often than not the songs are flat and boring. They try to recreate past success with covers (Tears for Fears' "Shout" from their debut and Genesis' "Land of Confusion" from "Ten Thousand Fists") by closing this record with a version of U2's "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For," but they don't bring anything new to the table and it pales in comparison to the original.
"Asylum" is an OK record, but not likely to get much play time through my speakers.
Check out: "Remnants," "Asylum"
Consider: "The Infection," "Another Way to Die," "Sacrifice"
Skip: "Warrior," "Never Again," "The Animal," "Crucified," "Serpentine," "My Child," "Innocence," "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For"
Jaldaboath, "The Rise of the Heraldic Beasts"
I love off-the-wall and goofy metal records, and it doesn't get more off-the-wall and goofy than Jaldaboath. Most of the descriptions that I've read of this record describe it as a combination of Monty Python and folk metal, and since I can't think of a better one, I'll parrot that. "The Rise of the Heraldic Beasts" will certainly only appeal to those with a taste for the odd, and even for us, it won't be a regular listen. Unlike bands like pirate metallers Alestorm that back their schtick with a some solid slabs of metal, Jaldaboath goes all in for the silliness. There's not really a serious note to be found anywhere. Courtly medieval jaunts blend with crunchy guitar parts and there's plenty of synthesized corny heraldic trumpets scattered throughout the record. Even the vocals are more suited to the soundtrack of "Spamalot" than a metal album. All of that said, though, the record is fun and funny and good for a few spins and laughs.
Check Out: "Hark the Herald," "Bash the Bishop," "Jacque de Molay," "Da Vinci's Code"
Consider: "Calling on All Heraldic Beasts," "Axe Wielding Nuns," "Jaldaboath"
Skip: "Seek the Grail," "Bring Me the Head of Metatron"
James LaBrie, "Static Impulse"
In truth, I'm not sure what to think about this record. I'm still processing it. I really liked LaBrie's last solo effort, but this one is, well, odd. It starts with the Soilwork-ish opening track "One More Time," and doesn't really ever establish its identity. The presence of LaBrie's progressive roots is certainly there, but it seems he wants to go for a heavier sound, which at times works and at others doesn't. For example, second track "Jekyll or Hyde" is kind of cool, but the transitions between the growls of keyboardist Matt Guillory and a very lightweight, almost glam, vocal seem kind of hokey. Often, LaBrie's vocals go for toughness, but that's not really his strongpoint. Oddly, the more standard numbers you'd expect from LaBrie, "Euphoric" and "I Tried," are among the weakest songs to be found here. There's progressive, nu-metal, attempts at melodeath and even the straight up hard rock verse of "Over the Edge," and that's the biggest problem with this record. It's all over the musical map. It never finds an identity and it lacks any sort of consistency. That said, there are things that I really like about it. Guitarist Marco Sfogli, who impressed me on the last outing, is still a strength, and the band is solid all around. So, do I like it or do I hate it? I've been listening for more than a month, and I honestly don't know.
Check out: "Over the Edge," "Who You Think I Am." "Superstar"
Consider: "One More Time," "Jekyll or Hyde," "Mislead," "I Need You," "Coming Home"
Skip: "Euphoric," "I Tried," "Just Watch Me," "This is War"
Posted by Fred Phillips at 12:20 PM
Labels: Blast Beats, Death metal, Disturbed, Folk metal, Jaldaboath, James LaBrie, Nu metal, Prog metal, Reviews, Traditional metal, U2
Review: Dimmu Borgir, "Abrahadabra"
Review: Halford, "IV: Made of Metal"
Review: Flotsam & Jetsam, "The Cold"
Overkill: Songs that I could use a break from


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Die Copa Círculo de la Prensa, auch Trofeo Circular,  war ein Fußballwettbewerb, der 1916 und 1919 zwischen den Nationalmannschaften Argentiniens und Uruguays ausgespielt wurde.

Bei der Erstaustragung 1916 gab es ein Hin- und ein Rückspiel. Zunächst besiegte Argentinien Uruguay im Bonarenser Industrievorort Avellaneda im Stadion des Racing Club mit 7:2, wobei der Pforzheimer Marius Hiller, der zuvor auch in der deutschen Nationalmannschaft gespielt hatte,  drei Treffer beisteuerte. Im Parque Central von Montevideo gab es am 29. Oktober 1916 einen 3:1-Sieg für die Gastgeber, womit Argentinien Gewinner des Pokals wurde. Anzumerken ist, dass am selben Tag wie die erste Begegnung ein weiteres Spiel zwischen beiden Ländern, wenngleich mit anderen Spielern, abgehalten wurde. Dabei siegte Argentinien in Montevideo mit 1:0.

Bei der Austragung 1919 gab es nur ein Spiel, und zwar am 7. Dezember 1919 in Montevideo, wo Uruguay Argentinien mit 4:2 besiegte und diesmal den Pokal für sich selbst sicherte.

Zu den Stars der Begegnungen gehörten neben anderen

Einzelnachweise
 José Luis Pierrend: Copa Círculo de la Prensa, Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation, 5. Oktober 1998.
 Argentina national football team: record v Uruguay, 11v11.com - the home of football statistics and history; Spieldetails, dort als "Trofeo Circular" gelistet.

Fußballwettbewerb in Argentinien
Fußballwettbewerb in Uruguay


The Supermicro F628R3-FTPT+ is 4U 29" depth rackmount server that features four hot-plug system nodes in chassis. Each node supports dual Intel® Xeon® E5-2600 v3 series processor, up to 512GB DDR4 ECC Registered memory, built-in Intel® X540 dual port 10GBase-T LAN & IPMI LAN. The Supermicro F628R3-FTPT+ SuperServer each node has 2x 3.5" hot-swap SATA drive bays, and it is equipped with 1000W redundant 80 plus platinum power supplies. It is ideal for many different environments including Data Center, Cloud Computing, and HPC; Engineering, Research, File and Storage Server deployments; and General Server and Enterprise Server applications.


COB Editor Note: In 2009, Meghan Starbuck [Downes], College of Business associate professor in economics and international business, and Luz-Elena Mimbela, a project manager for IEE, began developing a techno-economic model for the algal biofuel industry. The research developed estimates for a commercial scale algal-based fuel industry in NM.
New Mexico State University announced last month that the U.S. Department of Energy had awarded a $5 million grant to a multi-institutional team led by NMSU to improve algae-based fuels compatible with existing refineries. That accomplishment, and the many collaborations created by the associated research, was celebrated today at the first NMSU Research Rally of the academic year.
Peter Lammers, principal investigator on the project and director of the NMSU Algal Bioenergy team, addressed a standing-room-only crowd in O'Donnell Hall.
The project is called REAP: Realization of Algae Potential, and has partners at institutions including Los Alamos, Argonne and Pacific Northwest national laboratories; Washington State and Michigan State universities; and four companies – Phycal, Algenol Biofuels, Pan Pacific Technologies and UOP-Honeywell.
Key goals of the 2.5-year project are to improve the yields and stability of algal biomass and cultivation systems while also improving oil content at harvest.
The project reaches across several NMSU departments, including chemical engineering, civil engineering, plant and environmental sciences, fishery and wildlife sciences, the molecular biology program and the Bio-Security and Food Safety Laboratory. NMSU's key role will be to integrate all of the unit operations at a single location to demonstrate start-to-finish process compatibility.
Lammers said that his team likes to think of algal cultivation as a platform much like a mobile phone. The work the REAP team is doing will allow scientists around the world to develop many new applications for algae-based biotechnology.
To achieve this, the team is working to develop a platform that will not only create algal-based biofuels, but will also work within the natural resource constraints of the desert Southwest. The primary resource concern, of course, is water.
Cultivating algae in open water systems is not likely to work in a sustainable way in scales that are necessary in New Mexico, even if researchers used produced water from oil and gas extraction, or underground brackish water. It would still limit production capacity because of evaporative water losses and the amount of fresh water needed for replacing those losses. The REAP team is using closed, evaporation-proof photobioreactor systems with a culture of algae that originally evolved in hot springs, and so are more tolerant of the extreme heat in the enclosed systems.
The process is even potentially being tied into wastewater treatment.
The REAP award follows two other federal awards for the NMSU Algal Bioenergy team – Department of Energy funding through the National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts consortium amounting to $700,000 over two years for NMSU to support the algal cultivation testbed located at the Fabian Garcia Science Center, and a National Science Foundation EPSCoR award for which NMSU will get $1.6 million over five years for the algal effort.
The net purpose of all three of those grants is to solve these major national renewable energy problems with a component that is environmentally responsible and sustainable in the long-term.
"We see the technology we're developing as a balancing factor that will allow us to begin to address carbon dioxide increases and associated climate change issues," Lammers said.
To read more about NMSU's algal biofuels research and view photos of the algae cultivation testbed, visit http://research.nmsu.edu/erl/algalbiofuels/testbed.
This entry was posted in News and tagged Algal Bioenergy Program, Algal Fuel, Algenol Biofuels, ANL, Argonne National Laboratory, Bio-Security and Food Safety Laboratory, Biofuels, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Department of Energy, Ecology, Economic Development, Economics-ASTAT-International Business Department, Environmental Economics, EPSCoR, Faculty, Fishery and Wildlife Sciences, Garrey Carruthers, Gas, Grants, Green Fuels, LANL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Meghan Starbuck Downes, Michigan State University, Molecular Biology, National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts, National Science Foundation, New Mexico, Oil, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Pan Pacific Technologies, Peter Lammers, Phycal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, REAP, Renewable Energy, Research, Sustainability, Technology, UOP-Honeywell, Washington State University, Wastewater, Water. Bookmark the permalink. Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post. Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed.


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Mohican Notes: Kindergarten registration begins for L-P students
Registration for new kindergarten students in Loudonville-Perrysville Local Schools will be 12:30 to 2:30 p.m. and 4 to 7 p.m. Wednesday and Thursday at McMullen Elementary School on a walk-in basis.
Children must be 5 years old on or before Aug. 1 to enter kindergarten.
Documents required by state law for registration include a birth certificate issued from the county where your child was born, a Social Security card and immunization records. The school also will need a copy of any court-ordered custody papers, if applicable.
Parents/guardians will receive information packets.
State law requires that the DPT/DtaP, OPV/IPV, Hepatitis B, MMR and Varicella immunizations be completed to enter kindergarten.
Applications for open enrollment are available in the school office. The district will act on those requests by May 2009.
Loudonville Jazz Cabaret featuring the Loudonville High School and Perrysville Junior High jazz bands and Give Us Time, a local jazz ensemble, will be 7 to 10 p.m. Saturday in the LHS cafeteria.
Featuring a Valentine's theme, the event includes a dessert and beverage for the admission price of $5 per person. Children younger than 5 will be admitted free. Tickets will be available at the cafeteria door.
This is the third year for the Jazz Cabaret. Joe Barone, LHS band instructor, said the event is a casual, come-as-you-are, leave-when-you-need-to event full of great music.
Members of Mohican Historical Society will watch a video of opening day at the society's Cleo Redd Fisher Museum.
The movie, titled "Our Museum As It Appeared on Opening Day 35 Years Ago," is narrated by the society's first president, Walter Luse, and will be shown 7 p.m. Monday in the museum.
Meetings of the historical society are open to all.
Loudonville-Perrysville churches will be cooperating to show the film "Fireproof," which will be shown 6 p.m. Sunday at Church of the Nazarene on Ohio 60 north at North Union and East Campbell streets.
The film tells the story of a fire captain whose marriage is disintegrating and whose father challenges him to a 40-day "love dare."
The LHS Drama Club is seeking financial support for the production of the 1950s musical, "Grease." Students are selling program advertisements to help defray the costs of royalty fees, sets and costumes. The production will be performed 7 p.m. March 12 to March 15 at Loudonville's Ohio Theater.
Elise Lingenfelter is the artistic director and Geoffrey Zimmerly is the music director. "Grease," the high school version, is an infectious, fun, high-spirited musical suitable for the whole family. With songs like "Greased Lightning," "We Go Together" and "Beauty School Dropout," the LHS thespians are planning to knock your socks off with their enthusiasm and talent.
If you would like to donate or place an advertisement for a friend or loved one in the program, send your contribution and a business card, made payable to the LHS Drama Club to Loudonville High School c/o Drama Club at 421 Campus Ave. Loudonville, 44842.
The second meeting of the Loudonville-Perrsville facilities committee with be 7 p.m. March 19 in the lower level of the public library.
Not to be superstitious, but Loudonville's third annual (fourth overall) Girls Night Out celebration will on a haunting day, 3 to 9 p.m. Friday, March 13.
Don't let the date spook you. The event promises to be a fun night for the ladies, as the first three Girls Nights Out were, starting in March 2007.
The event was held in both the spring and fall in 2007, as well as in March 2008.
Girls Night Out is sponsored by Loudonville Mohican Chamber of Commerce, and this year will involve 27 businesses in both downtown Loudonville and the surrounding area.
"We invite ladies from all over Ohio to enjoy shopping with your best girl friends, take advantage of the girls night out in-store sales and specials," said Jeanne Leckrone, office manager for the Loudonville-Mohican Chamber of Commerce. "Special in-store drawings will be held in many of the businesses that evening."
Leckrone also is reminding people to remember donations for the local Helping Hand Food Pantry. Items needed include cake frosting, paper towels and ketchup. They do not need toilet paper at this time.
Guests are urged to drop off their donated items at the Chamber office, 131 W. Main St., Loudonville, when registering.
Visitors planning to stay overnight in the Mohican area for the weekend are encouraged to visit www.loudonville-mohican.com, both for activity and lodging information.


text:
var _ = require("underscore");
var fs = require('fs');
var path = require('path');
var versions = require(path.resolve(__dirname, "versions.js"));
var content = _.template(fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, "compositeContent._")).toString());
var artifacts = _.template(fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, "compositeArtifacts._")).toString());
var upload = _.template(fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, "upload._")).toString());
var ts = new Date().getTime();

var program = require('commander')
program
  .version('0.0.1')
  .option('-s, --sites <sites>', 'Comma delimited list of versions to use of all available', function (s) {return s.split(',')}, versions)
  .parse(process.argv)

console.log(process.argv, program.sites)

fs.writeFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, "compositeContent.xml"), content({ ts: ts, sites: program.sites }));
fs.writeFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, "compositeArtifacts.xml"), artifacts({ ts: ts, sites: program.sites }));
fs.writeFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, "upload.sh"), upload({ ts: ts, sites: program.sites }), { mode: 0o755 }); // u+rwx, go+rx


MAKE OUR 2018 CELEBRATION OF WOMEN EVENT A SUCCESS. Our annual awards ceremony, Celebration of Women, will be held on Wednesday, May 11th.
We need to know about these women and businesses!
CBW Member Cathy Reilly received the award for 2018 CBW Member of the Year at the May Celebration of Women luncheon.
Cathy Reilly is a Personal Wellness Specialist and it is her mission to help others learn how to be their best advocate. Cathy is a wife of 14 years and mother of a 12-year-old daughter. She is involved in various organizations and feels it is important to serve in her community. She is a long-standing member of Colorado Business Women and has served as Greeter, VP of Membership and Professional Development Chair. Cathy loves living in Colorado, spends loads of time outside with her family and horse and if asked, she will tell you she is "Living The Dream!
CBW Member Dr. Lee Weisbard received the award for 2018 CBW Business Woman of the Year at the May Celebration of Women luncheon.
she opened a start-up practice in The Denver Tech Center. In 2013 Dr. Weisbard opened a new state of the art dental facility on Quebec Street in Greenwood Village. Dr. Lee Weisbard practices General Dentistry with special emphasis on Cosmetic and Implant Restorative Care. Her goals are giving to each of her patients a comfortable, positive experience and treat everyone with respect and integrity. She has had a special relationship with Dress For Success for many years and believes it is important to give back to her community.
2018 CBW Board Member of the Year was awarded to Lyubov Strauss, for her outstanding contributions to our organization!
Lyubov Strauss has been with CBW ( Colorado Business Women) for two years. Lyubov is CBW Vice President of Marketing and CBW Social Media Chair. Lyubov Strauss moved to Denver, Colorado from St. Louis, Missouri five years ago. She has her Creative, Advertising and Social Media Marketing agency Lyubov Strauss Advertising in Highlands Ranch, Colorado. Lyubov is a former publisher of national magazine TRAVELHOST of Greater St. Louis Magazine, Senior Graphic Designer, and Art Director. Lyubov's hard work and her talent help CBW to increase the number of followers to 1,000 people on CBW Facebook.


We had some graham crackers in the cupboard which were haunting me. Every time I would open the cupboard, they kept saying "use me!" Unfortunately most recipes that I make don't include graham crackers. I guess I could make a cheesecake (which I don't like), or some pie which includes a graham cracker crust, but I'm not very good at making pies.
Instead I opted to make graham cracker chocolate chip muffins. They sounded intriguing. These muffins are so versatile! They can be eaten for dessert or breakfast. They aren't as sweet as cupcakes, yet they are sweeter than regular muffins due to the graham crackers. They were a little difficult to make without a food processor. Mike had to manually crush the graham crackers. I wanted him to put the graham crackers in a zip top bag and "roll over" them with a rolling pin, but he chose to put the graham crackers in a bowl and "mash" them with the Vitamix tamper. I guess it's similar to using a mortar and pestle, except it looked way more difficult and inefficient. No matter how you crush the graham crackers, these muffins are definitely worth making. They are amazing. They can be enjoyed with butter or even plain! These are even delicious a few days later as well!
Delicious muffins that can be eaten for breakfast or as a dessert!
Preheat oven to 400 F. Line a muffin tin with cupcake liners.
In a mixing bowl, add the milk, oil, egg, and vanilla extract and mix until incorporated. In a (different) medium bowl, add the flour, baking powder, salt, sugar and graham cracker crumbs and mix until well combined. Add the dry ingredients to the mixing bowl and continue to mix until all ingredients are well mixed together. Add the chocolate chips and stir again.
Use a ladle to fill each muffin liner with the batter until it is about ⅔ full.
In a medium bowl, add the flour, brown sugar, graham cracker crumbs, cinnamon and stir to combine. Add the melted butter and mix until the mixture is crumbly.
Top each of the muffins with about a tablepoon of the crumb topping.
Bake for 15-20 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the middle of the muffins comes out clean.


You must carefully look the needs and wants of your clientele. Most like will convey exactly how they want their special day to look and feel like too. You must carry out specific market research on your clients buying history. Then you must go about establishing what you will design and create too. This will make your wedding stationery supplies business a hit!
You must try to get the necessary printing supplies for the task by making sure that you have the necessary fonts and letterheads especially if you are starting out on your own. You must also try to figure out the templates for each design. You can even use a good software like desktop publishing or adobe illustrator for the task. Some invitations can be a lot easier for you to create than others too!
You might have some money saved up but how much is really enough. In order for you to figure this out you will have to ask some other invitation firms for advice on the topic. If you feel that what you have saved up is not enough then you must try to get a bank loan with a minimum payment of interest too.
You must always offer great discounts to your customers this way they will be drawn to your firm. You can offer several offers on the yellow pages and other magazines too. This will set your firm apart from the others too. You must always provide customers ways to pay the amount rather than paying cash up front. You must carefully use the wedding stationery Perth available to come up with creative designs for your customers too!
Remember that there are several factors you must focus on if you want your business to stand out from the crowd. You will need the right amount of capital, equipment, and labor for your business to be a success. You must offer discounts to draw in the customers, this way they will be loyal to your firm.