text:
Acute Abdomen — Symptoms and Differential Diagnoses
(Votes: 10, average: 4.90)
Acute abdomen is considered an emergency characterized by sudden and severely tender abdominal pain. It is usually associated with life-threatening medical conditions that prompt urgent diagnosis and management. Differential diagnoses should be ruled out with physical examination, laboratory tests, and different imaging modalities. Management is based on the underlying etiology through either medical treatment or surgical intervention.
Definition of Acute Abdomen
Etiology of Acute Abdomen
Diagnosis of Acute Abdomen
Treatment of Acute Abdomen
Disease Progress and Prognosis of Acute Abdomen
Are you more of a visual learner? Check out our online video lectures and start your pathology course now for free!
Image: "121306-F-FD024-008" by PACAF. License: CC BY 2.0
Acute abdomen as a symptom complex
An acute abdomen is not a single disease entity, but a blanket term for a symptom complex that constitutes a life-threatening abdominal condition that needs urgent medical attention. The symptoms can have both abdominal and extra-abdominal etiology.
The term 'acute abdomen' is used to describe a patient's condition until a final etiological explanation can be given and a diagnosis can be made, and it always describes an emergency situation. The phrase acute abdomen should, therefore, be carefully selected in a clinical context.
Key symptoms of acute abdomen
Abdominal pain is the most important and the most frequent complaint in patients presenting with an acute abdomen in emergency settings. The pain is of acute onset, often very severe, and non-traumatic; although, in some patients, pain may be mild or even absent.
The following complaints are also part of an acute abdomen symptom complex and are considered to be key symptoms:
Nausea, vomiting
Symptoms of shock (dyspnea, oliguria, anuria, dizziness, palpitations)
Poor general health
Bleeding (hematemesis, melena, etc)
In very young and elderly patients, as well as in pregnant women, acute abdomen may present in a more diffuse manner and with atypical symptoms that are less specific for the underlying pathology such as abdominal bloating, heartburn, abdominal discomfort, drowsiness, and general ill-health, which may lead to a delay in the proper diagnosis and treatment. This results in increased complications and higher morbidity and mortality.
Causes of acute abdomen
The causes of the acute abdomen are broadly categorized into:
Localized abdominal pain.
Diffuse clinical conditions, such as inflammation, infection, mechanical obstruction, and circulatory disturbances.
Extra-abdominal diseases.
Note: The most important causes of the acute abdomen are inflammations or perforations of the intraperitoneal organs (e.g. appendix, bile ducts, and stomach); intestinal obstruction (ileus) and visceral circulatory problems.
Image: "Ulcerating and necrotizing appendicitis with perforation." by Patho. License: CC BY-SA 3.0
These most common causes of the acute abdomen should always be ruled out first. Some of the extra-abdominal entities may mimic an acute abdomen, such as myocardial infarction, lower lobe pneumonia, and testicular/ovarian torsion. It makes sense to conduct a targeted observation and examination by organ system to reach the accurate diagnosis.
Clinical diagnosis of acute abdomen
Acute abdomen represents an emergency situation and needs urgent evaluation. Several of the possible disease complexes which could lie at the heart of the diagnosis requires a prompt causal therapy for the patient. Weighing up how thorough an initial diagnosis is required before proceeding with the first steps of treatment is different from case to case and depends on the following factors:
Hemodynamic stability of the patient: Hemodynamic instability, such as unexplained decreases in blood pressure, can be indicative of bleeding. Indications of internal bleeding would suggest immediate surgical treatment.
Extent of peritonism: Local or diffuse as a measure of the progression of the symptoms.
Clinical stability of the patient or is their condition rapidly deteriorating?
A proper history is indispensable and can give clues to the underlying etiology of the acute abdomen. It is important to ask:
Where the pain began and the current location of it in order to gain clues to the primarily affected organ. For example, the pain of acute appendicitis starts in the periumbilical region and then shifts to the McBurney's point.
Type of pain: Description of the intensity and nature of the symptoms.
Visceral pain: Relatively hard to pinpoint, dull, pressing pain that often radiates to other regions of the body, as well as non-specific symptoms such as vomiting, sweating, and hypotension e.g. stomach ulcer perforation or inflammation.
Colic pain: Belongs to the visceral pain category, increasing and decreasing intensity, extremely unsettled patients e.g. gallstones, kidney stones or ileus.
Somatic pain: Relatively easy to locate, although becomes increasingly diffuse in advanced peritoneal irritation, pricking to stabbing pain, often only mild or no vegetative attendant symptoms at all e.g. appendicitis.
Age of patient: Probable diagnoses of certain disease complexes can be evaluated based on the age of the patient. While invagination and testicular torsion are relatively common amongst younger patients, perforations of the GI tract or tumors are more common diseases amongst adults. This knowledge also allows for more targeted clinical diagnosis.
Patient medication history: The medication history of the patient is very important. If surgical symptoms present, then we have to determine the use of anticoagulants such as warfarin.
In order to clinically examine a patient with an acute abdomen, it is necessary to:
Image: "Palpation of the Abdomen" by Pöllö. License: CC BY 3.0
Inspection for injuries or hematomas, hernias, other abdominal wall defects or skin discoloration (pancreatitis).
Auscultation should always be performed prior to manual examination in order to avoid provoking intestinal noises. Intestinal sounds should be auscultated in 4 sections. Are there intestinal noises present? What grade are they? If no noises are heard, this could indicate a paralytic ileus.
Palpation to detect muscle rigidity, muscle guarding, peritonism (rebound tenderness), tenderness, and ascites.
Percussion helps in the detection of ascites, and abdominal fluid.
Digital rectal examination for conditions such as palpable tumors, an empty bowel (caused by an obstacle such as ileus or tumor) and blood.
Note: A digital rectal examination is always employed by acute abdomen – a fact which is commonly asked in examinations!
The laboratory testing depends upon the suspected diagnosis according to the patient's medical history, physical examination, and clinical status. The following laboratory parameters are commonly tested in emergency settings:
Complete blood counts (leukocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets)
Inflammatory parameters [e.g. C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase]
Blood group typing and cross matching
Amylase and/or lipase in the serum (rises in pancreatitis)
Liver function tests (rise in gallbladder inflammation)
Lactate (rises in mesenteric ischemia, shock)
Urine sediment (leukocytes/blood on suspicion of kidney stones or ureteral calculi)
Urine pregnancy test in all women of child-bearing age
Based on the observations from the history and the physical examination, a targeted diagnostic investigation should take place.
Ultrasonography of the abdomen
Sonography of the abdomen is the most cost-effective and fastest procedure to carry out. It can be used as a first line, orientating investigation, used principally to identify gallbladder pathology, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and free fluids such as blood, ascites and the contents of ruptured hollow organs in the abdomen.
Injuries to the parenchymatous organs, widening or perforations of vessels (abdominal aorta, ureter or bile ducts) can also be noticed. In paralytic ileus, a sonogram often has a poor resolution due to the superimposition of air.
X-rays of the chest and abdomen
"Pneumoperitoneum on chest X-ray." by Clinical_Cases. License: CC BY-SA 2.5
An upright chest X-ray serves to identify free air in the abdomen which can occur as a result of perforation of the hollow organs and is visible as a sub-diaphragmatic crescent of air (pneumoperitoneum). It also detects abnormal chest findings such as pneumonia, which sometimes presents as an acute abdomen.
Plain abdominal radiography in a left lateral position can depict an air inclusion between the liver and flank in cases of pneumoperitoneum.
Further, an intestinal obstruction (ileus) can be visualized by increased fluid levels in the small and large intestines, or dilated intestinal loops in cases of volvulus, on upright and flat views.
Image: "An upright X-ray demonstrating a small bowel obstruction (note multiple air-fluid levels)" by James Heilman, MD – Own work. License: CC BY-SA 3.0
CT scan of the abdomen
A CT scan is the gold standard in the diagnostics for acute abdomen if there is a justifiable suspicion of acute inflammation of intra-abdominal structures (e.g. pancreatitis, and diverticulitis). It is also of use in cases where sonography results are less meaningful e.g. in obese patients, if there is air superimposition or if there are large injuries. Advantages of a CT scan include a shorter investigation time and good picture resolution.
In selected patients, the diagnostic laparoscopy is sometimes considered when a diagnosis is not established by history, examination, and relevant diagnostic testings.
Differential diagnosis of acute abdomen is often made in relation to the location of pain in abdominal quadrants and on further characteristics of the pain. The abdominal organs produce symptoms in relation to their location e.g. liver and gallbladder diseases often cause pain in the right upper quadrant, while kidney diseases cause pain in the lumbar regions and spleen diseases in the left upper quadrant.
The next step is to consider which diseases of those organs identified could be responsible for the particular pattern of complaints. The most important differential diagnoses are illustrated below.
Organ System Organ with the clinical picture
Upper abdomen (both sides possible)
Lungs/Pleura: Pleurisy, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary embolism
Heart: Acute Myocardial infarction, Pericarditis
Kidneys: Renal pelvis calculi, nephritic abscess, pyelonephritis
Right upper abdomen
Bile ducts: cholecystitis, cholangitis
Pancreas: pancreatitis
Duodenum: duodenal ulcer
Liver: hepatitis, liver abscess, ruptured liver, congested liver
Epigastrium
Stomach: Peptic ulcers, Gastritis
Small intestine: Ileus
Left upper abdomen
Spleen: splenic infarction, ruptured spleen
Pancreas: pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer
Lower abdomen (both sides possible)
Intestines: Diverticulitis
Urinary: acute urinary retention, kidney or ureter stones, testicular torsion
Gynecological.: ovarian cysts, extrauterine pregnancy, duct rupture, inflammation of the ovaries (adnexitis)
Right lower abdomen
Intestines: Appendicitis
Central abdomen, Navel
Intestines: Ileus (mechanical), Mesenteric ischemia, volvulus, invagination, toxic megacolon, intestinal infection, Crohn's disease, ulcerating colitis
Left lower abdomen
Intestines: sigmoid diverticulitis
Since acute abdomen is a medical emergency, the patient's vital signs and airway (A), breathing (B), and circulation (C) should be initially assessed and managed accordingly.
An intravenous line should be established and transfusions should be administered immediately unless contraindicated.
Patients are initially given nothing by mouth (NPO).
Early analgesic use is recommended, even before a definitive diagnosis is established.
Intravenous acetaminophen is the first choice. Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and narcotic analgesics may be given according to the pain severity.
Conservative or operative measures
The definite treatment of acute abdomen is based upon its underlying etiology and is either conservative or operative depending on the diagnosis (e.g. appendectomy and cholecystectomy for appendicitis and cholecystitis, respectively). If abdominal pathology indicates secondary peritonitis, then this has to be treated with antibiotics. It is important not to primarily prescribe cephalosporin in this case. This class of antibiotic has a loophole for enterococci and would therefore not be effective against a number of common bacteria that cause acute abdomen – a point which is commonly asked about in written medical exams.
Note: Cephalosporins are not to be used as an initial treatment for peritonitis due to their reduced effectiveness against enterococci.
The course and prognosis for acute abdomen are highly dependent on the causal factors as acute abdomen is only a working diagnosis until a final diagnosis is established.
Solutions can be found below the references.
1. Which procedure is obligatory during the examination of patients with symptoms of the acute abdomen?
Digital rectal examination
MRT scan
Abdominal CT
Cranial nerve status
Neurological examinations using major reflexes
2. Which antibiotics should not be prescribed as the first choice when there is a suspicion of secondary peritonitis?
Vancomycin
Mezlocillin
Cephalosporin
3. Which of these is amongst the most common causes of the acute abdomen?
Appendicitis, cholecystitis, ileus, visceral circulatory disorders
Appendicitis, adnexitis, cholecystitis, ileus
Appendicitis, myocardial infarction, Ileus, visceral circulatory disorders
Appendicitis, testicular torsion, cholecystitis, adnexitis
Appendicitis, aortic aneurysm, ileus, cholecystitis
Bapat, P. (2013). Chapter-34 Acute Pain in Abdomen (Acute Abdomen). Arriving at a Surgical Diagnosis,430-492. doi:10.5005/jp/books/11859_34
Bailey, H., Love, R. J., Mann, C. V. & Russell, R. C., 1992. Bailey and Love's short practice of surgery. London: Chapman and Hall medical.
Correct answers: 1A, 2E, 3A


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text:
The 1932 Montana gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1932. Incumbent Governor of Montana John E. Erickson, who was first elected governor in 1924 and was re-elected in 1928, ran for re-election. He won the Democratic primary with a plurality and advanced to the general election, where he faced Frank A. Hazelbaker, the Lieutenant Governor of Montana. Despite the fact that Franklin D. Roosevelt carried the state in a landslide in the presidential election that year, Erickson only narrowly defeated Hazelbaker to win re-election to his third and final term as governor, though he would later resign just a few months into his term to appoint himself to the United States Senate.

Democratic primary

Candidates
John E. Erickson, incumbent Governor of Montana
Lewis Penwell, Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of Montana, former State Representative
Miles Romney Sr., former State Senator, former Mayor of Hamilton
Henry B. Mitchell

Results

Republican primary

Candidates
Frank A. Hazelbaker, Lieutenant Governor of Montana
W. S. McCormack, former President of the Montana Senate

Results

General election

Results

References

Montana
Gubernatorial
1932
November 1932 events in the United States

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Saga. Il canto dei canti è l'album di Giovanni Lindo Ferretti uscito nel 2013. Il tema dell'album s'intuisce dal sottotitolo "Opera equestre", all'album infatti è conseguito - con lo stesso titolo - uno spettacolo teatrale ideato da Ferretti e incentrato sui cavalli, che lo stesso Ferretti alleva nella sua stalla a Cerreto Alpi.

Tracce

Classifiche

Note


Development of a tool to measure teamwork performance in medical emergencies (TEAM measurement tool).
The focus in healthcare on the importance of patient safety and developing safer healthcare systems. Reducing preventable errors in healthcare requires a culture of change. Errors are multi-factorial, but can be attributed to technical and non-technical skills as well as organisational issues. "The determinants of effective team performance include technical and nontechnical skills such as leadership and teamwork" (Cooper et al., 2010).
Study findings from the primary study found "TEAM was found to be a valid and reliable instrument and should be a useful addition to clinicians' tool set for the measurement of teamwork during medical emergencies. Further evaluation of the instrument is warranted to fully determine its psychometric properties".
Keywords: teamwork; situational awareness; training; debriefing; human factors.
Cooper, S. J., & Cant, R. P. (2014). Measuring non-technical skills of medical emergency teams: an update on the validity and reliability of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure. Resuscitation, 85(1), 31-33.
Cooper, S., Cant, R., Porter, J., Sellick, K., Somers, G., Kinsman, L., & Nestel, D. (2010). Rating medical emergency teamwork performance: development of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM). Resuscitation, 81(4), 446-452.
Monash University (2017) TEAM measurement tool.
Simulation in healthcare is a vital part of the educational approach to learning. For the adult learner this provides problem-centred, relevant and hands-on training (active participation) where past experiences are valued. Simulation training is part of an experiential learning educational approach (Rudolph et al, 2007; Fanning & Gaba, 2007).
So you have your training planned, with level of fidelity, equipment, instructor/s, learning objectives all organised? The next part is to review the breakdown of the session and ask yourself, 'have I left enough time for the debrief at the end? Instead of leaving a hurried 10 mins at the end of the session, the structure should be more a 50:50 simulation to debrief time frame. The debrief is just as, maybe actually more important for learning and development to take place. Evidence for simulation skill training states that the learning effect maybe lasts 6-12 months (possibly even only 3 months) and should then be repeated, which does question the value of yearly competency training.
The human factors aspect of simulation training provide the task training but the debrief then allows meaning and sense from the training itself, with the adult learner moving towards the key learning objectives and adjusts their performance and actions (Rudolph et al, 2007). Across healthcare and emergency services (including armed forces) the use of critical incident stress debriefing has been formulated to provide a review of facts and perceptions to allow recovery from stress after a traumatic event. In essence the debrief is the reflective practice, and where the learning and development actually occurs.
Theory of using reflective practice for self-scrutiny.
Create a safe, yet challenging environment.
The sweet point on the stress curve to challenge the participant but not to breaking point.
Safe environment to make mistakes- this is where the educator can really try to understand the 'framing' of the situation from the learners perspective and then provide clarifying education to then eradicate the previous error. Its not a shame and blame situation.
Allow the difficult discussions to be discussed, critical judgements are valued as long as the discussion is respectful (advocacy and inquiry approach). This is important in healthcare training to be direct about critical errors observed to then eradicate.
Both instructors and participants views are valued in the discussion phases.
Rudolph et al (2007) describe the debrief as the 'heart and soul' of the simulation experience, so we really need to ensure we follow the debrief with good judgement principles.
Rudolph, J. W., Simon, R., Rivard, P., Dufresne, R. L., & Raemer, D. B. (2007). Debriefing with good judgment: combining rigorous feedback with genuine inquiry. Anesthesiology Clinics, 25(2), 361-376.
Thanks to Chris 'LITFL' Nickson for guiding to these simulation resources.


text:
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Editorial Comments
Loaded on Jan. 15, 1992 by Ed Mead published in Prison Legal News January, 1992, page 2
Filed under: Commentary/Reviews, Editorials. Location: United States of America.
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By Ed Mead
Welcome to issue number one of the third volume of the Prisoners' Legal News. Paul and I are starting our third publishing year with a major trimming of the newsletter's mailing list. You should be sure to look at the address label on the last page of this issue. If the label has "Final Notice" or "Last Issue" printed on it, then you will be dropped from the mailing list unless we hear from you soon. A Last Issue notice means that you have received the PLN for some time, but have not recently communicated with or otherwise supported the paper. Such notices are the only means we have of making room for new readers, as our mailing list has a fixed ceiling we cannot yet afford to increase.
Paul and I are pleased to have a mailing list that contains so many generous and dedicated people. Your ongoing expressions of support make it an enjoyable experience for us to publish the PLN each month. Yet we do have a few of the other kind of readers; the ones who want us to work on their personal cases, do legal research on their convictions, mail photocopies to them, provide them with pen pals, let me once again remind you that we are not a legal aid agency, nor do we provide a dating service for inmates.
Now let's talk about money: It costs Paul and me approximately sixty-nine cents to put this and every other issue of the PLN into your hands (40 cents copying, collating, and first stapling, and another 29 cents for postage). Multiply this by several hundred times and we are talking about a fairly substantial amount of money each month. Moreover, this sum does not include the cost of postage for correspondence, extra photocopying, phone calls to volunteers, and related charges that come up every month.
Above and beyond the money, however, is the fact that all the time and energy put into the paper, by Paul and I as well as our outside volunteers, is also a part of the cost of getting this newsletter to you each month. Paul and I read every major advance sheet, reporter series legal digest, and many newsletters and newspapers in an effort to bring you the very latest legal citations and news of significant prison-related events. Our outside volunteers do the computer work, printing, folding stamping, labeling, etc. All of us work on the paper because we believe in what the PLN is trying to accomplish. We ask only one thing from you, and that is for your ongoing financial support. You have a method of telling us just how important what we are doing is to you, a vote in which the ballot is measured by the yardstick of your contributions.
Last month I completed the annual accounting for the newsletter, a task I do every December. Our financial losses to date for the publishing life of the PLN is only $10.05. Not too shabby, huh? A copy of the PLN's balance sheet for both 1990 and 1991 is available to anyone requesting it, provided they send me a self-addressed envelope and two stamps (one for the mailing and the second stamp for copying costs). This document will show a month by month record of every cent we've taken in, as well as how much we've spent and what we spent it for. People who meet our approval may also obtain an additional listing that includes everyone who has ever contributed to the newsletter, the amounts donated, and the date the support was given. Our books are always open to you, because it is your money that keeps us publishing each month. Still, when we are short on donations, every extra cent needed comes out of Paul's and my pockets, paid for from our miserable prison wages.
We are slaves of the state, kept in a degrading state of childlike dependency and irresponsibility, without so much as a semblance of the democracy so often touted by our government. That condition cannot begin to change unless we first have prisoner controlled vehicles of communication, such as the PLN. It is our duty as rights conscious convicts to support this effort. That's what I did for the papers I supported. That's what you should be doing as well. Let's not only close that $10 gap of red ink but go on to create a little financial buffer for leaner days to come.
Last month we reported the case of Mead v. Reed,__F.2d__(9 Cir. 1991), in which the U.S. Court of Appeals held that prison law libraries must maintain (keep current) all legal materials in their inventory. While the work done on the appeal was written by Jose Gonzalez, my co-plaintiff in the suit, it is still pleasing to report a ruling that was handed down on an appeal from a civil rights suit I filed. I won my first prisoner rights litigation in the U.S. Court of Appeals some twenty years ago, in the case of Mead v. Parker, 464 F.2d 1108 (9 Cir. 1972). I've always experienced a certain sense of satisfaction from a win, even if it is only a small one. But this latest victory may not be permanent. The other day I learned that the state has filed a petition for an en banc rehearing. I'll share future developments with you as they unfold.
Due to an editing error, the December 1991 edition of PLN was not labeled on the masthead as such. Instead it stated Vol. 2, No. II. November 1991. The December issue had the front-page article "Monroe's Struggle Against Double Celling..." December was listed on the bottom of pages 2-9. We apologize to our readers for any confusion this may have caused.
Enough for this issue. Be sure to keep searching for knowledge of today's political realities. An understanding of what's going on in the world is not all that hard to come by. Answers will not be found in the ideology of the right wing conservatives, though. They are the ones who support the legalized murder of prisoners and who tirelessly work to keep us in prison for longer and longer terms. The reactionaries are not our friends. It has served me well to look to the left for real solutions. We have books to share if you'd like to know more. Remember: If you don't stand for something, you'll fall for anything. Or, as Robert Byrne put it, "The purpose of life is a life of purpose." We'll be seeing you next month....
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More from this issue:
Police Chief Faces Conspiracy Count
Prison/Community Alliance Update, by Carrie Roth
Racial Discrimination in Prison Challenged
Politicians Exploit Death Penalty
Editorial Comments, by Ed Mead
Election Year Demagoguery, by Paul Wright
Prison Homophobia Challenged
Prison Population Up, Escapes Down
Receiving State is Agent of Sending State; Qualified Immunity Examined
Four Cons Die in Missouri Jail Fire
Alaska Con Has Liberty Interest in Prison Job
HIV-Positive Cons Win Partial Victory
Geronimo Pratt Wins Injunction Against Future Harassment; Loses Drug Trafficking And Possession Appeal
Prison's TB Response Legally Inadequate
U.S. Prisons Accused of Human Rights Abuses
Deadly Strain of TB Found in New York Prisons
Federal Prisoner Gets Medical Records
Incarceration Rate Grows in First Half of 1991
State Prison Systems Emulate Marion Control Unit, by Fay Dowker
Non-Specific Infractions Violated Due Process
IMU's and Controlled Feeding at CBCC
Chilean Political Prisoners End Hungerstrike
Canadian Officials May End Ban on Sex Between Prison Inmates, by Rod Mikleburgh
More from Ed Mead:
Class Differences in Crime Control, Feb. 15, 1994
Law of Medical Treatment Explained, Jan. 15, 1994
Editorial, Jan. 15, 1994
Gender Based Treatment Disparity Violates Equal Protection, Dec. 15, 1993
Editorial, Nov. 15, 1993
The Politics of Imprisonment, Nov. 15, 1993
Prison Slavery Upheld, Again, Oct. 15, 1993
Prisoners as Workers: Court Defines Applicability of FLSA, Sept. 15, 1993
Prisoners as Workers in Washington State: New Law Will Increase Exploitation, Sept. 15, 1993
Editorial, Sept. 15, 1993
More from these topics:
From the Editor, Nov. 30, 2022. Editorials.
From the Editor, Oct. 31, 2022. Editorials.
From the Editor, Sept. 30, 2022. Editorials.
From the Editor, Sept. 1, 2022. Editorials.
From the Editor, Aug. 1, 2022. Editorials.
The Impact of Criminalizing Abortion on Prisoners and Mass Incarceration, June 27, 2022. Editorials, Abortion, Effects of Mass Incarceration.
From the Editor, June 1, 2022. Editorials.
From the Editor, May 1, 2022. Editorials.
From the Editor, April 1, 2022. Editorials.
From the Editor, March 1, 2022. Editorials.
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The detailed structure analysis for a series of the Al–Mn–Fe–Si Mackay-type 1/1-cubic approximants has been performed by applying the Rietveld method to the x-ray powder diffraction spectra taken with a synchrotron radiation x-ray source. We found that identical Mackay clusters occupy both the body-center and vertex positions of the cubic lattice but that atom distributions in glue sites connecting the Mackay clusters are unique to each alloy. The number of s, p-electrons per unit cell is calculated by assigning the appropriate number of valence electrons to constituent atoms involved in the refined atomic structure. It is shown that, when the Fe atoms are substituted for Mn atoms, the total number of s, p-electrons per unit cell remains unchanged and is always centered at a value satisfying the so called Hume-Rothery matching rule, where the Fermi sphere well coincides with the relevant Brillouin zone planes. We conclude that the Hume-Rothery matching condition stabilizes the ternary Al–Mn–Fe–Si approximants by compensating an increase in the valence electrons due to the replacement of Mn atoms by Fe atoms by an increase in the number of vacancies in the glue sites.


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When purchasing life insurance, you have a big decision to make. Who should receive the benefits when the time comes? For most people their beneficiary will be their spouse or children. However, there are situations and circumstances to consider before filling in the beneficiary line or when you are reviewing the policy information.
Keep in mind that beneficiaries are those who will inherit from you. Your beneficiary could receive your retirement account, investment account or life insurance proceeds. You can name who you want to be the beneficiary in your will or trust to take some or all of your estate when you die. There are two kinds of beneficiaries — contingent and primary. Believe it or not, if you name someone as a contingent beneficiary, that person may never inherit anything at all.
The person you choose to be your primary beneficiary is the individual you designate to receive assets or gifts from your estate at the time of your death. If the person you have chosen to be your beneficiary outlives you, then that person is guaranteed to receive their inheritance. If you add a contingent beneficiary to your policy, account or will (sometimes called an alternate or secondary beneficiary), they can only inherit your assets if the primary beneficiary dies before you do.
It is important, however, to have a primary and contingent beneficiary when you are making out your will, because it's always good to have a backup plan. When you are designating a beneficiary, remember that life is unpredictable. If your primary beneficiary passes away before you and your policy does not list a contingent, then when you pass away, the benefits will go to your estate. If you don't have an estate already established, then your family members must open an estate, which can be costly. This also places a burden on your loved ones to pay for final expenses and accumulated debt while the estate is in probate. Having an alternate beneficiary allows your benefits to be paid in a timely manner.
You should also be specific when naming a beneficiary. When filling out the beneficiary information, you want to be specific about who receives the benefits at the time of death. Some people like to put "my spouse" or "children of the insured". However, keeping this generic can lead to arguments regarding the benefits. For example, if you just put spouse instead of a specific name, then an ex-spouse could try to claim your benefits ... especially if they were the spouse at the time the policy was issued.
In addition, be sure to change the beneficiary when necessary. Whenever you review your life insurance coverage, make sure to review the person you designated as the beneficiary. If you go through any life changes such as divorce, a death or having another child, it might be necessary to change your beneficiary information. Most life insurance companies allow you to change your beneficiary whenever you want and do not limit the number of times you change the beneficiary.
If you are thinking of having a minor designated as a beneficiary of your life insurance policy, then it may be necessary to set up a trust in their name. If there is no trust, then the appointed guardian may be entitled to handle the funds on the minor's behalf. If neither of those is an option, then it may be necessary to wait until the minor is an adult. The age can vary from state to state as to when a minor becomes an adult.
Another point to remember is to make sure your benefits are distributed the way you want. If you have multiple beneficiaries, the insurance company will pay the benefit equally to each one. If this is not your intention and you want each beneficiary to receive a certain amount, then let your insurance company know how you want the funds dispersed. They can distribute the funds exactly the way you want.
If you decide to have multiple beneficiaries, the transfer of your assets and property could be more complicated. For example, if you have three children and name them all as primary beneficiaries of your life insurance proceeds to be divided equally, then you name your grandchildren as contingent beneficiaries, this does not ensure that if one of your children dies before you, that their share of the benefits will go to their children. In this case, the insurance benefits would probably be divided between the two surviving children. Your deceased child's children would not receive their share of the proceeds. It is best in the case of multiple beneficiaries, to speak with a legal professional before you make any primary or contingent beneficiary decisions.
If you decide that you do not want to name anyone as your beneficiary, you can name your own estate. The proceeds in this situation will then be distributed with your other assets according to your will. Keep in mind, however, that naming your estate as your beneficiary may have some disadvantages. For example, in many states, life insurance proceeds are exempt from the claims of your creditors when there is a named beneficiary, but not when your estate is your named beneficiary.


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"Cry No More" is a hip hop song by hip hop artist Shareefa. It is the second and final single from her debut album, Point of No Return. The single was produced by Darkchild and samples The Stylistics' "The Miracle", and contains an interpolation of "Soul Survivor" by Young Jeezy and Akon. It was released in November 2006. The video for this single premiered on BET's Access Granted on November 1, 2006. The video features Young Buck.

Song information
"Cry No More" is about a woman in an unhealthy relationship. Her man cheats on her and she always cries. In the song, she sings that she can't cry anymore because she is over and through with her ex-boyfriend. Because she has a lot on her mind, she has no time to cry over him.

Charts

2006 singles
Music videos directed by Melina Matsoukas
Shareefa songs
Song recordings produced by Rodney Jerkins
Songs written by Rodney Jerkins
Songs written by George David Weiss
Songs written by Hugo Peretti
Songs written by Luigi Creatore


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홈 > 제품 정보 > Mini-PC & AIO > XPC nano
NC10U SERIES
Palm-sized, 4K Capable Box PC with New Whiskey Lake
The NC10U series is a palm-sized, 4K capable and low-power PC with the new Intel Whiskey Lake-U processor. A selection of Intel 8th generation ULV processors not only provides higher performance but also affords minimal power consumption. Room for up to 64 GB of DDR4 RAM allows you to increase system performance easily. Built-in HDMI 2.0a and DisplayPort outputs added the ability to drive dual 4K UHD displays. Despite its tiny body of 0.8 liters, the NC10U series still packs excellent connectivity – USB 3.2 Gen1, USB 2.0, RS232, M.2, SATA 6Gbps, Giga LAN and WiFi module. Besides, one 2.5" drive as well as one M.2 SSD card can be installed. Perfect for a variety of uses in Home/Work PC, HTPC, and Digital Signage.
NC03B SERIES
Instant Streaming with Shuttle
Simply plug in the device and peripherals and connect to a monitor for an instant streaming platform. With fast processing speeds for smooth and consistent video, Streamlabs' desktop application is pre-loaded for quick interactive connection to livestream in an instant.
Equipped with an Intel® Core™ i5 U processor, live and RAW video can be recorded at 1080p resolution up to 60 frames per second for smooth, clear streaming. H.264 video encoding provides higher quality videos in a smaller file size for minimal CPU load. It's preinstalled with Windows 10, ready to create, edit, capture, and stream your engaging videos.
Pick up your computer and go gaming!
The new Shuttle X1 gaming series has a compact and stunning design powered by the latest Intel® Kaby Lake-H processor with NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 graphics for a visually powerful gaming experience. With a low voltage of 1.2V up to DDR4-2400 32GB memory, it effectively reduces overall power consumption and delivers stunning 4K/Ultra HD video and ultra-high resolution for total immersion. Offering plenty of I/O ports, the rear panel supports up to five independent display outputs for ultimate group play. Intel® Optane™ Memory Technology boots the system to deliver fast, smooth, and power-efficient gaming anywhere.
Small size, full-featured Mini PC with new Kabylake platform
The XPC nano is Shuttle's smallest product lines with only palm size. Shuttle's NC03U series supports Intel® Kaby lake-U platform technology. The NC03U series includes four different embedded CPU options with Celeron®, Core™ i3, Core™ i5, and Core™ i7 and has two DDR4 SODIMM slots to support a maximum of 32GB. With built-in Intel® HD graphics series allows these ultra-compact machines to have ample performance for playback 4K/Ultra HD at 60Hz via HDMI and DisplayPort. Same as the NC02 series, a new mechanism design allows for easy installation of memory modules and storage and the case can accommodate one 2.5" HDD (up to 15mm) to provide a more flexible storage capacity. Despite its small size, the NC03U series with full PC experience has a great connectivity with multiple I/O ports-- USB3.0 (Type A*1, Type C*1), USB2.0, RS232, and built-in SATA 6G and M.2 high speed storage interface. Its small and elegant design makes this series as a portable mini PC fit for home, office, POS, and even Digital signage.
A palm-sized 4K portable PC-NC02U series
The XPC nano is Shuttle's smallest product lines with only palm size. Shuttle's new NC02U series is next generation of NC01U series with support Intel® Skylake-U platform technology. This series comes with a selection of processors ranging from Celeron, to the Core i7 and supports up to 32 GB of DDR3L 1600 low-voltage memory. With integrated HD graphics, the series is capable of playing 4K/Ultra HD content. Compared to NC01U series, NC02U series uses new mechanism design for easy installation of memory module and storage. This case can accommodate one 2.5" HDD (up to 15mm) to provide its more flexible storage capacity without volume limited. This series offers plenty of I/O ports in spite of its small size: HDMI, DisplayPort, USB3.0 (Type A*1, Type C*1), USB2.0, RS232, M.2 slot and Intel® Gigabit Ethernet as well as built-in 802.11 b/g/n wireless network. The NC02U series is VESA mount ready to make it easy to blend in anywhere: home, office, storefront, and more.


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via Keen On
Why 2022 Was a Good Year For American Liberals Fighting Against the Fundamentalism of Both Left- and Right-Wing Intolerance
William Deresiewicz in Conversation with Andrew Keen on Keen On
By Keen On
Hosted by Andrew Keen, Keen On features conversations with some of the world's leading thinkers and writers about the economic, political, and technological issues being discussed in the news, right now.
In this episode, Andrew is joined by William Deresiewicz, the author of The End of Solitude: Selected Essays on Culture and Society.
Find more Keen On episodes and additional videos on Lit Hub's YouTube Channel!
William Deresiewicz is an award-winning author, essayist and critic, as well as being a frequent public speaker.
Andrew KeenKeen OnLit Hub RadiopodcastsThe End of Solitude: Selected Essays on Culture and SocietyThe Virtual Book ChannelvideoWilliam Deresiewicz
Hear from the world's most informed citizens about the rise of populism, authoritarian and illiberal democracy on Keen On, as Andrew Keen investigates the contemporary crisis of democracy.
How to Read 100 Books in 2023 Without Going to Live in a Library or a Bookstore
How to Escape the Culture-War Paranoia That Has Infected American Politics Since the Sixties
Hosted by Andrew Keen, Keen On features conversations with some of the world's leading thinkers and writers about the economic,...


text:
Q: Boost.Log - Linker error? I've compiled the Boost.Log v1 logging library for VS2008. When I try to use it I get a lot of errors like:
Error 4 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "class boost::system::error_category const & __cdecl boost::system::get_system_category(void)" (?get_system_category@system@boost@@YAABVerror_category@12@XZ) referenced in function "void __cdecl boost::system::`dynamic initializer for 'system_category''(void)" (??__Esystem_category@system@boost@@YAXXZ)

Error 5 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "class boost::system::error_category const & __cdecl boost::system::get_system_category(void)" (?get_system_category@system@boost@@YAABVerror_category@12@XZ)

Error 6 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "class boost::system::error_category const & __cdecl boost::system::get_generic_category(void)" (?get_generic_category@system@boost@@YAABVerror_category@12@XZ) referenced in function "void __cdecl boost::system::`dynamic initializer for 'generic_category''(void)" (??__Egeneric_category@system@boost@@YAXXZ)

etc.

What can be the source of these errors?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Community State Bank Market President Steve Donovan meets Andrea Miszewski, shelter operations manager for the Racine campus of the Wisconsin Humane Society along with Lucky, one of the animals in the shelter's care. Donovan presented a donation toward the construction of a new Racine campus building.
Community State Bank presented a $750 donation to the Wisconsin Humane Society Racine Campus for its Unleash the Potential campaign.
The campaign is an effort to help raise funds to build a new Wisconsin Humane Society Racine facility. The proposed facility will feature additional workspace and housing for animals, as well as a dedicated veterinary space.
The Racine campus is operating in a building that was originally constructed as a potato barn. Because of the lack of space and appropriate animal housing, the Humane Society has also rented a 1,000-square-foot trailer for the past four years to help accommodate the number of animals in its care.
The Unleash the Potential Campaign kicked off in November and will continue to run until the campus has raised enough funds to meet its $5.4 million goal, which will be used to begin constructing the new facility.
More information about the Wisconsin Humane Society can be found or donations made by visiting www.WiHumane.org.


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Home » 9-time convicted felon gets 10 years probation for Nye burglary
9-time convicted felon gets 10 years probation for Nye burglary
Marlo Pronovost
SCN Editor
DOC photo
Pamela Jean Wagner
A woman with nine felony convictions will be under the state's watch for a total of 20 years, in part for burglarizing a home in Nye.
Pamela Jean Wagner, 53, appeared in 22nd Judicial District Court last Thursday and was given a 10-year suspended sentence to the Montana Department of Corrections (DOC) for one felony count of burglary and misdemeanor counts of possessing burglary tools and theft in connection with the 2018 crime.
Wagner was also ordered to pay $3,650 in restitution to the victims, $1,085 in fines and fees and to follow 26 court-imposed conditions.
Under the terms of a plea agreement, the 10-year suspended sentence was ordered to run consecutively to the 10-year DOC sentence handed down recently in Yellowstone County. Judge Matt Wald told Wagner that if the plea agreement had not levied any additional penalty on her that had not already been covered by the Yellowstone County case, that he would not have accepted it.
"I don't know if you're ready to change or not but your history is not good," Wald said to Wagner.
Wagner declined to make a statement to the judge prior to sentencing.
Wald said the sentence provided community safety through Wagner's supervision, accountability, rehabilitation and punishment for her criminal behavior.
According to the Montana Department of Corrections, Wagner's criminal history begins in 1984 and includes felony convictions in Yellowstone, Flathead, Deer Lodge and Cascade counties for multiple thefts, forgery, escape and bail jumping.
THE CASE
According to court documents, a couple reported coming home on Nov. 14, 2018, to find their cabin in Nye was broken into and "was a mess." Chief Stillwater County Sheriff's Deputy Skylar Steele met with the couple, during which Wagner was identified as a possible suspect. Stolen in the burglary were a Model 94-3030 Winchester rifle, a Winchester shot gun, 20 to 30 T-shirts, $30 to $50 in change, two Miller Beer signs, a wood car and gas pump, a wood saw cutter, cassette tapes, old clothing, dishes and a paddle "from the old country" worth $500, according to court documents. Food had also been eaten.
Collected as evidence were sheets, blankets and partially eaten food. A storage shed on the property was also broken into, but nothing was taken.
On Nov. 16, at 8:10 a.m., deputies responded to a burglary-in-progress in Nye of which Wagner might be on scene, according to court documents. Neighbors had reported an SUV backed up to a garage with a female loading items. Deputies responded, intercepted Wagner and took her in for questioning. In her car were items stolen in the Nov. 14 burglary.
Wagner denied ever going into the cabin, but admitted being on scene with her boyfriend, who had a family member associated with the cabin, according to court documents.


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Q: How do I fix a malformed URL in PHP? Using PHP, How can I automatically fix a malformed url that looks like this:
/db/?param1=sas23456sdfd&param2=1368115104&parama3=more/resource
    or...
/db?param1=sas23456sdfd&param2=1368115104&parama3=more/resource

and rearrange it back into the proper order like this?:
/db/resource/?param1=sas23456sdfd&param2=1368115104&parama3=more
    or...
/db/resource?param1=sas23456sdfd&param2=1368115104&parama3=more

Before you ask, the cause for the malformed url is completely out of my control, having been caused by a client library that insists on stupidly adding a trailing slash and more endpoints after the original query string parameters.  Fortunately, I shuttle requests through a PHP reverse proxy script, so conceivably I can fix it.  Please note:

*

*The query string may or may not be present

*The query string may sometimes be properly placed

*The query string parameter names and values will be different

*The quantity of query string parameters may change

*The query string may not always follow a "/" (db/?param=val or db?param=val)

*The malformed URL will always have a "?param(s)=value/" pattern

Any ideas on how to fix this mess with PHP?

A: It's probably easier / better to replace or fix the client library, because it's not doing what it should (or it was designed for different specs).
But there is a regex which can help you.
/(.*?)(\/)?(\?.*)(\/.*)/

This matches the malformed strings in the examples and does not match the result strings. See a working demo at Rubular.
You can use it like this (though I am not sure if this is the best way to handle it, I would rather fix the output then trying to work with broken inputs):
$matches = array();
$is_malformed = preg_match('/(.*?)(\/)?(\?.*)(\/.*)/', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], $matches);
if($is_malformed) {
    $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] = $matches[1] . $matches[4] . $matches[2] . $matches[3];
}

A: I approached the problem a little more generically in another question and with the help of @Yogesh Suthar came up with this as a working solution (improvements welcome):
$qs_match = array();
$is_malformed = preg_match('$\?(.*?)\/$s', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], $qs_match);
if($is_malformed) {
    $uri_parts = explode('?',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']); //break apart at the first query string param
    //per https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4250794/simple-php-regex-question
    $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] = $uri_parts[0].preg_replace('/^[^\/]*\//' , '/', $uri_parts[1]).'?'.$qs_match[1]; //recombined but modified part 2
}


text:
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In Depth | Britain
How important is social class in Britain today?
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By David Robson7th April 2016
The UK is famed for the rigid distinctions between the different strata of society – but what's the truth in the myth? And how does it compare to other countries?
Like it or loathe it, many see the class system as a quintessential element of British life, together with our obsession for tea and cake and talking about the weather.
"Class distinctions do not die; they merely learn new ways of expressing themselves," the British sociologist Richard Hoggart once wrote. "Each decade we shiftily declare we have buried class; each decade the coffin stays empty." A quick perusal of the foreign media would certainly paint a picture of a rigid class system, especially compared to places like the USA where ambition, talent and elbow grease are thought to be the only limits.
But how well does this stereotype really hold up? Is the British class system still as entrenched as it ever was? Or are those old distinctions a thing of the past, best left behind with the corsets and top hats of our period dramas? These questions have been difficult to answer with any certainty, but recent data has offered some surprising insights.
As Hoggart noted, writers have been ringing the death knell for the British class system since at least the early 20th Century. Writing an open letter to his friend Nancy Mitford, Evelyn Waugh claimed that "the vast and elaborate structure grew up almost in secret. Now it shows alarming signs of dilapidation." His own novel Brideshead Revisited is itself an homage to the English nobility, which seemed to be crumbling along with the titular stately home.
But although the structure of the class system may have changed since Waugh's day, there are still very clear strata in our society, each with different levels of social, cultural and economic capital. Considering factors like education, salary, professions, and household ownership, the BBC's own Great British Class Survey discovered seven distinct classes in total, with an elite (representing roughly 6% of the population) residing above a wide spectrum of working and middle classes.
Writers have been hailing the death of our class system for decades - yet the distinctions have never really faded (Credit: Christopher Furlong/Getty Images)
Perhaps a more pertinent question, then, is not whether class distinctions exist, but whether it is possible to move out of one pigeonhole and into another. Just how much does your family's background influence how well you can expect to do in life? The general consensus would seem to be that social mobility has increased with improvements in education and social welfare, but is it really that clear-cut?
One fascinating case study comes from the Up series of documentaries by Michael Apted. Picking 14 children of various backgrounds, who were all aged seven in 1964, the producers filmed them on a trip to London Zoo before following their progress every seven years after.
A few of the children have managed to change their circumstances through hard work and discipline. One boy, Nick, who grew up on a farm, is now a successful physicist living and working in America; another, Lynn, grew up in the less salubrious areas of London's East End, but has forged a successful career as a university librarian. In general, however, the series has lacked any truly astonishing rags-to-riches tales. As the New Yorker concluded in its review of the latest edition, 56 Up: "The British class system has its protections at every level, but also – at least to American eyes – a built-in inertia. None of Apted's subjects have become alcoholic or drug-addicted, but the predictability of most of the individual fates – working-class kids rising slightly, rich kids staying rich – makes one impatient."
The children from Michael Apted's 7 Up. Lynn can be seen with the long hair in the middle of the picture; Nick is to the far right (Credit: BBC)
According to a 2010 report by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Britain is indeed among the worst countries for certain measures of social mobility, with the parents' wealth strongly influencing the child's prospects of higher education and a good salary.
Even so, there had been a steady average rise in the population after World War Two, with each child expecting to be slightly better off than their parents. Unfortunately, the relative proportions of people moving up or down a class now seems to be reversing. "More men and women are experiencing downward mobility and fewer of them experience upward mobility than before," says Erzsebet Bukodi at the University of Oxford, who calls it "the dark side of the Golden Age of Mobility" – with more people at the top, more have the potential to fall.
Distant connections
A child is two-and-a-half times as likely to have a managerial job, if their grandparents were of a higher class
The trouble is, the fabric of our society has so many strands, it can be difficult to disentangle all the potential factors that could influence your status. One potential issue is that most previous studies have only examined two generations – parents and children – whereas your class may depend on many more branches of the family tree. Tak Wing Chan at University College London, for instance, has found that a child is two-and-a-half times as likely to have a professional or managerial job, if their grandparents were of a higher class. It could be that the grandparents pay for education, help with child care, or offer a network of contacts that could boost their grandchild's work opportunities.
Does the British class system have a built-in inertia? (Credit: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)
With these more distant ties, social class may be even less elastic than we thought – even if one generation pulls away, the next may be tugged backwards thanks to the broader connections of their family at large. "If you want to predict someone's outcome, you don't just look at their parents – but also their uncles and aunts, their grandparents and great-grandparents," says Gregory Clark at the University of California, Davis. "They are all predictive."
Clark's own work has studied the prevalence of certain rare surnames throughout history. In the Domesday Book of 1086, for instance, you can find the names of wealthy landlords, who were most often descended from the Norman invaders, such as Baskerville, Darcy, Mandeville, Montgomery, Neville, Percy, Punchard, and Talbo.
He then examined how often such names continued to crop up in historical records during the following centuries. He scoured lists of people attending Oxford and Cambridge Universities, probate records of inheritance, and members of parliament, for instance, all of which might suggest a higher social status. If social mobility were high, you would expect those rare names to crop up less and less often, as people of other backgrounds begin to occupy those prestigious positions; if it were low, the proportion would stay roughly the same.
In fact, he found long-term social mobility to be very slow indeed, calculating that it takes around 10 generations for someone at the highest or lowest levels of society to reach the middle classes. That's about the same rate of change you might expect from purely biological features, such as height. Most surprisingly of all, that rate of social mobility remained remarkably stable – even after the monumental changes of the Industrial Revolution and the introduction of universal education.
It's not just our parents - our whole social milieu, from our wider family to their friends and contacts, can influence our progress in life (Credit: Alan Crowhurst/Getty Images)
If these results appear to confirm the "inertia" of the British class system, it's worth considering Clark's studies of other countries, examining attendance at the USA's Ivy League colleges and the State Bar Associations listings of attorneys or the American Medical Association, for instance. Despite perceptions of greater social mobility, he found that the rate of change was roughly the same as in Britain. The same turned out to be true for Sweden; although the overall differences in wealth do tend to be smaller between the rich and poor, you still find the same families occupying the more prestigious jobs – such as doctors, lawyers, or university professors.
Perhaps some families are just carrying the DNA that helps them succeed
Clark's methods have their weaknesses; his results are based on imperfect records and he's looking at broad trends across vast time periods; it's possible you might reach different conclusions if you were able to accurately trace every single branch of every family tree. And his explanations for these results may raise some eyebrows. Like Chan, he considers that one possibility is purely sociological. "People are embedded in a circle of connections and that social milieu is very influential in terms of people's outcomes," he says. Yet Clark suspects that our genes may also play a role. Perhaps some families are just carrying the DNA that helps them succeed, he says. Such genetic determinism tends to be an unpopular idea among many scientists.
Whatever the explanation for his findings, it's interesting to contemplate just how much our position today may depend on the people we've never met. "Even if you do not know who your great-grandfather was, that person will predict how well you do in life now," says Clark.
If he's right, the British obsession with class isn't so archaic. Whether you live in London, Beijing, New York or Stockholm, it can be surprisingly difficult to break free from the ties of the past.
David Robson is BBC Future's feature writer. He is @d_a_robson on Twitter.
Join 500,000+ Future fans by liking us on Facebook, or follow us on Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn and Instagram. Readers outside of the UK can see every BBC Britain story by heading to the Britain homepage; you also can see our latest stories by following us on Facebook and Twitter.
If you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter, called "If You Only Read 6 Things This Week". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Earth, Culture, Capital, Travel and Autos, delivered to your inbox every Friday.
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Studio Office Units with fluorescent lighting, AC units and Commercial grade carpeting.. Open Floorplan. All utilities are included.
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Cauliflower is all the rage in low carb circles – and here is a new idea that we think you will love. Next time you buy a head of cauliflower, cut 2 larger or 3 smaller 'steaks' from the middle of it. You will still have florets that will fall to the side that you can use in your cooking, and you can try out this new way to prepare cauliflower!
Add the lime peel (from 2 limes) and peeled garlic cloves (2) to the bowl. Chop Speed 10 / 20 seconds. Scrape down sides.
Add the lime juice (from 2 limes), paprika (1 Tbsp), chilli powder (1/2 Tbsp), ground coriander (1/2 tsp), salt flakes (1 tsp), cracked black pepper (1/2 tsp) and olive oil (50g) to the bowl. Combine Speed 6 / 10 seconds.
Coat the cauliflower 'steaks' (2-3, from 1 head) in the marinade.
Fire up the BBQ to a medium heat and oil it well.
Grill the steaks for 4-6 minutes on each side with the BBQ hood closed, until tender.


Greenhill has considerable transaction experience and a global network of corporate relationships in the Metals & Mining sector. Our Managing Directors and professionals have executed many of the most significant and complex transactions for some of the leading global companies.
Our experience in the Metals & Mining industry encompasses all of the commodity sub-sectors as well as: metals and materials; mining services; processing equipment; and steel and mining.
Mining Division of Terex Corp.


JAC preschool school bus HFC6501KMDXCAF (batch #279) is made in China by Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd. (JAC). The company is located in Hefei, in Anhui Province, China.
Optional different appearance of the wheel. ABS Type: ABS 8.1 EA106, manufacturers: Bosch Automotive Products (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. HFC4DA1-2C maximum net engine power of 85kW. The car is equipped with a satellite positioning functions tachograph; by the engine ECU speed limit, speed limit 80km / h.


text:
The Good Postman (2016)
Format: Blu-ray Genre: Special Interest-Documentary
The Good Postman
A small and stubborn Bulgarian village facing the Turkish border has been resisting foreign invaders since the times of the Roman and Ottoman Empires. Now, it's electorate of 38 elderly Bulgarians is deciding future of Europe. The Great Gate (as the village has been called for centuries, due to it's location on the doorsteps of the former Ottoman Empire) has found itself in the middle of European crisis as people seeking asylum sneak across the border in the nighttime, causing fear and unrest. Once again, the sleepy and forgotten village has become the most important secret loophole in Europe. Postman Ivan has a new political vision: he decides to run for mayor in order to bring the dying village to life by welcoming refugees. His opponents are only interested in closing their eyes to the refugees, shutting the border and reintroducing communism. While on the campaign trail his delivery route Ivan learns that good intentions are not enough, and that even the smallest deeds matter. This Blu-ray features the official trailer from THE GOOD POSTMAN, surround sound and comes in Bulgarian with English subtitles.
Studio: Filmrise
Attributes: Manufactured on Demand, AC-3, Subtitled
Product Type: Blu-ray
Subtitles: ENG
Original Language: BUL


We're changing the world of women. Join us.
One AWT editor juggles the demands of being a new mom learning to breastfeed.
Architect Andrea Simitch shares insights on the creative process and how female architects are changing the game.
Sometimes it just takes leaving home to fall in love. Hear about the unlikely travel romances of these three seasoned globetrotters.
Radio personality Meredith Ochs takes a look at 50 rock icons, such as Tina Turner, Janis Joplin, and Patti Smith, who indelibly shook up the music scene.
Holley Fain is the must-see star of "The Ferryman," the buzzed-about West End import now on Broadway.
STEM-oriented professions are experiencing significant growth, but is gender still a problem?


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text:
Men's Basketball goes 1-2 in their last three games
Mercer guard Jalen Johnson (#20) looking to make a move past a Furman defender. The Bears went on to lose this game 50-80.
Media by Katie Linkner
By KC Wetherington
February 2, 2022 | 10:46pm EST
The Bears traveled to Alabama to face Samford on Wednesday, Jan. 26 and fell to the Bulldogs 61-75.
Jalen Johnson started things off for the Bears with a three-pointer assisted by Jordan Jones. Johnson ended up leading the team in points with 13 and blocked two of Samford's shots.
For most of the first half Mercer were in control of the game and kept Samford from tying the score with help from 12 rebounds from Felipe Hasse. Hasse would double the number of rebounds from any other player on both teams. With about four minutes to go in the half the Bulldogs managed to pull ahead and went into halftime with a 31-27 lead over the Bears.
After that momentum was lost it was difficult to gain back, and Mercer could not catch up to the Bulldogs for the remainder of the game and fell 61-75.
The team traveled back home to play Furman on Saturday, Jan. 29 with a special appearance from the Braves' mascot, Blooper. Over 35,000 fans came to Hawkins Arena to meet Blooper and cheer on the Bears.
Mercer ended up spoiling the day and losing to the Paladins 80-50. Furman showed they were a tough team to beat, extending their overall record to 16-7 and SoCon record to 8-2 with SoCon losses to only VMI and Chattanooga.
The Bears would bounce back from the two losses with a 67-62 win against Wofford on Monday.
Mercer started off hot with a three from Jones followed by a dunk from Glisson III. The Terriers would tie the game early at 5-5, but the Bears broke away and Johnson hit one of many threes for the night, making the score 20-10. The Terriers managed to get back in the game and tied the score 22-22 with 7:23 to go in the period.
With two good jumpers, two threes, and some lockdown defense, Wofford kept Mercer from scoring and the Terriers took a 32-25 lead. With another three from Johnson along with a couple of free throws, the score was 39-31 going into the half.
Early in the second half, the Bears were able to catch up to only a two-point deficit and would tie the game two minutes later with an electric dunk from Johnson to make the score 41-41. The Bears would start to slip again but a layup by Hasse with the assist from Jones would bring them within three points.
With about three minutes to go, Johnson would tie the game with a good jumper that gave the Bears hope for a win. After a jumper from Walker Jr., the Bears would take a two-point lead and would not lose it for the rest of the game.
Though the Terriers would catch up, Johnson's fourth three-pointer of the night along with a couple free throws from Tucker would put the Bears up by five points. Glisson III sunk two from the free-throw line to secure a 67-62 win over Wofford after a nail-biting night.
The Bears will travel to Tennessee this Saturday, Feb. 5 to play Chattanooga at noon.
Is Mercer a party school?
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By Henry Keating | January 12
Nervous about looking for internships? These tips will point you in the right direction
By Sam Tupper | January 9
Atlanta Braves' Matt Olson makes appearance at Mercer's First Pitch Classic
By KC Wetherington | January 23
Beach volleyball finds new home in the Sun Belt Conference
Tweets by mercercluster
The Bear Breakdown: Updates in basketball and tennis


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You are here: Home > Telephone-first approach not...
Telephone-first approach not a solution to GP workload, says study
The telephone-first approach is not a solution to patient demand and GP workload, according to a new study.
10 May, 2019 10:26 AM | By Anviksha Patel
The method, whereby patients booking a GP appointment are initally phoned back on the same day by a GP, increases workload and does not suit all patients, the research found.
Researchers reported that although the average number of face-to-face consultations decreased by 38%, there was a 12-fold increase in telephone consultations and an estimated 8% increase in overall time GPs spent consulting.
The report, by Cambridge Centre for Health Services Research, compared 146 practices using the telephone-first approach to practices that were not using this method.
The study's authors surveyed 42 practice managers and 873 patients, all of whom recently had a telephone consultation with a GP.
The most common disadvantage of the system among practice managers' responses was 'increased/more intense workload for GPs and more stress'.
The survey also found that 44% of patient respondents said the method was either less convenient or made no difference to them.
Though some patients were positive about the convenience of the telephone-first approach, which reduced the need to come into the surgery, others said it was difficult for them to answer a GP's call if they were at work, and those whose first language was not English said the method was a problem.
The report said: 'It is clear from this and other studies that telephone consulting forms a useful part of the services that a practice offers to patients, and it is also clear from our results that a substantial amount of GPs' workload and patients' problems can be dealt with on the telephone.
'However, neither telephone triage nor the telephone-first approach evaluated here are a solution to meeting demand for care in general practice.'
Dr Jennifer Newbould, one of the study's authors, said: 'We know in some cases that clinical commissioning groups have funded use of a telephone-first approach as a way to support struggling practices.
'However, our research suggests that practices without appropriate capacity and capability may struggle implementing the approach and this can have a very negative impact on staff morale.'
The study also analysed hospital utilisation data and concluded that telephone triage led to a 2% increase in hospital admissions, and there was no evidence in the report that the telephone-first method would reduce secondary costs.
Prof Martin Roland, who led the research, said: 'Our study of a telephone-first approach shows that a number of issues can be resolved with use of telephone consultations in primary care, but the challenge of meeting patient demand remains a major issue for many general practices.'
Previous research warned that offering telephone appointments as standard 'could increase GP workload.'
However, other studies have suggested that some patients prefer phone consultations over face-to-face appointments.
This article was first published by our sister publication Pulse.
Anviksha Patel


A Few of the features on SocialPilot are clearly Geared towards advertising professionals, like options to discuss social media account management or with clients. But many of the tools are helpful for promoting a blog through social media, particularly with minimal experience of electronic marketing or social media marketing.
The scheduling calendar allows you to plan out of your Social media strategy and conserves work posting to sites with uploads. SocialPilot also supplies reporting and analytics so you can track things like the number of click throughs you are getting for your blog from accounts, and the demographic of your viewers. Content tips help you keep a steady flow of ideas for submitting up.
SocialPilot Provides an affordable plan Bloggers and site owners which gives you complete access to the majority of the tools. You can also use the service for free to link a restricted variety of profiles, and you can sample all of the paid services with a 14 day no obligation trial.
The primary advantage SocialPilot Offers you Is that you can perform all of your updating and posting on multiple social media accounts from the same place. All you need to do is create the articles and click on the profile you want to post to. Destinations can be chosen by you for the identical post, which is perfect for enabling followers all your followers understand you get a blog post. Just add the URL to SocialPilot, choose your account and it will post to every one of them.
You can select when posts go live with the scheduling tool. This allows you to post for instance, in various time zones, so your posts are fresh for global followers. You can schedule days articles hours, months, weeks and even a year and utilize the in-built monitoring calendar to plan out a plan over a specified time period. As a consequence, that you may stockpile content and then trickle feed it over your platforms so you are frequently appearing in followers' news feeds, so keeping your profile top-of-mind.
SocialPilot can be used free of charge, allowing you To join to three social media reports. You may make up to 10 posts a day, and program up to 30 articles in advance. Movie can not be included by Articles, and you have access to community support through the SocialPilot site and internet guides.
While the free plan is great for getting a feel for SocialPilot, three connected social media accounts is restricting. The fundamental paid-for subscription aimed at websites and bloggers is fairly priced, you can connect up to ten accounts and create 50 posts per day. You can queue up a max of 1,000 posts beforehand, which is more than ample.
This strategy also includes content ideas, Analytics for Twitter Facebook and Pinterest, and you may join as many as five RSS feeds.
Running over a couple of social media profiles May be time consuming. But bloggers are finding they build a following up and want a presence on all the main platforms to attract attention for their own site.
SocialPilot saves time and duplication by Allowing you to handle all your social media accounts without needing to log in and out of different sites. The interface is clean and intuitive to work with and linking your profiles is simple.
The maximum allowance of 200 profiles that are connected is Huge, so you've got freedom to test as a number of social media accounts as you like.
Part of the challenge of running a Lot of social Media accounts is keeping content. SocialPilot helps by making content tips. Choose a category related to your subject, and SocialPilot will find articles which it is possible to comment on, discuss or re-post. The classes tend to be quite wide, so you must do some work narrowing down the suggestions to your market. You could add an RSS feed into SocialPilot and gather ideas for posts that way.
SocialPilot subscriptions are available either Monthly or yearly,with plans offering up to a 20 per cent discount for paying in advance. Payments are accepted by credit card, and you have to serve note until the end of your next billing period if you would like to cancel the ceremony.
SocialPilot is a specialist Social media marketing service directed toward in-house and agencies business advertising groups . On the other hand, the access to a free program and a basic subscription shows SocialPilot recognizes it is eager to adapt them, and that its tools will appeal to bloggers.


Home improvement low cost loans and grants are available in most cities and counties in the Bay Area to low- and fixed-income homeowners for this type of work. The source of the funds are their Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds from the federal government. Program requirements and funds available vary. Contact your local housing department or building department for more information.
City of Oakland: low income homeowners in the redevelopment zone may qualify for a grant for 50% of the cost of the work (up to $5,000) matched with a low interest loan for the remaining 50% of the cost. Retrofit permit fees for all residents are fixed at $250.
City of Berkeley: Berkeley's Seismic Retrofit Incentive Program is an award-winning local government program offering financial incentives to owners of properties in the City. The program includes: a waiver of building permit fees for all qualified retrofit projects and a rebate of up to one-third of the City's 1.5% property transfer tax if the funds are used for qualified retrofit projects within one year of purchase of the property.
Many other cities offer a flat permit fee for qualifying seismic retrofit work. Contact your building department for more information.


Sourced from vines planted in the 1920's this wine is open fermented and gently basket pressed before spending 2 years maturating in American Oak hogsheads.
Totally opaque inky black colour with deep dark red black hue. Aromas of liquorice, ripe blackberry and dark chocolate waft from the glass followed by some vanillin confectionary. Dense and super rich the palate packs a powerful punch of opulent liquorice, ripe blackberry liqueur and dark chocolate flavours over vanillin oak and spice. Luscious layers of fruit are interwoven with a plush sumptuous mouthfeel and velvety tannins. Outstanding depth and power with very long liquorice, luscious ripe blackberry, dark chocolate, subtle vanillin cedar and spice aftertaste.
A classic rich opulent Clare shiraz that will continue to evolve over the next 4-5 years (2013-2018).


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Q: How to change label of the Button on DefaultFailurePage.pcf When im getting application error in DefaultFailurePage.pcf while Policy center page navigation
But i can't to identifying that page button where mentioned in designing in DefaultFailurePage.pcf and referenced page.
Please let me know how to change that button Label and where ?

A: DefaultFailurePage has ErrorTabBar.pcf.
You can change the button labels directly in PCF file or change the display key for your language, (displaykey.Web.TabBar.Help, displaykey.Web.TabBar.About, displaykey.Web.TabBar.Logout(entity.User.util.CurrentUser), displaykey.Web.TabBar.PartialLogout)


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Muži – (štafeta 4 × 400 m)
Muži – od roku 1991

Ženy – (štafeta 4 × 400 m)
Ženy – od roku 1991

Štafeta


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Review: Bunny and the Bull at the New Continental
Posted on - 7th April, 2011 - 10:00am | Author - James Butlin | Posted in - Arts, Things to Do in and around Preston, What's On in Preston
Ahead of The Continental's screening of The Mighty Boosh tour documentary Journey of the Childmen this Saturday, they screened regular Mighty Boosh director Paul King's debut feature film The Bunny and The Bull.
Three pounds in, a free bowl of popcorn and the debut feature of a director oozing potential, no one can say fairer than that.
The film itself is a treat for any Mighty Boosh fan, but that isn't to say it's anything like The Mighty Boosh. Visually you can draw comparisons; the simplistic settings and low-budget looking props give the film that automatically endearing feel. The likeability of our main character, Stephen Turnbull (played by Edward Hogg), makes you want to root for him, makes you want him to succeed.
Our protagonist hasn't left his flat in months, he has severe OCD and agoraphobia, he lives his life by routine. But when a rat infestation strikes, his carefully planned out schedule is thrown off. The film is played out in flashbacks and dream sequences to his long road trip across Europe with his best friend, the untrustworthy lothario Bunny (played by Simon Farnaby).
It begins with a failed attempt at Stephen confessing his love for his sweetheart, and then takes them across Germany, Switzerland and Spain. Along the way, you'll recognise the voices and faces of Mighty Boosh regulars Rich Fulcher, Julian Barratt, Noel Fielding and Richard Ayoade.
Although this feature debut doesn't stand on a par with Richard Ayoade's incredible debut Submarine, it manages to draw out that same likeability that the early Mighty Boosh episodes held. Sets are built from objects contained in the flat and his travel across Europe is a mish-mash of live-action and stop-motion, creating an altogether original film. It's genuinely unlike most films you'll see; it's simple plot-wise while being a treat for the eyes.
As well as being a good film, The Continental's perfectly suited event space makes for a great place to view films that you'd otherwise only be able to watch on DVD.
Bunny and the Bull was screened as a warm-up to the Lancashire International Film Festival, as a warm-up to Saturday's event which will feature a Q+A session with Boosh tour director Oliver Ralfe, along with a concert with The Ralfe Band who provided music for both films.
Get down for the screening at 6:30 on Saturday, again at the New Continental. For more information, head to www.newcontinental.net.


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Trends in Internet governance and digital policy
WannaCry: The ransomware cyber attack explained
On 12 May 2017, a new version of ransomware, dubbed WannaCry, hit Spanish mobile operator Telefonica, followed by hospitals and clinics across the UK, forcing the National Health Service to accept only the most urgent patients. Within a few hours, the ransomware malicious software spread quickly across almost 100 countries, including Russia and the USA. It was said to be the biggest ransomware outbreak detected until then.
Read the digest and view the recording of our webinar
This is an 17s video of the attack. View a more detailed visualisation
The attack in detail
Geopolitics: the response to WannaCry
The security issues
What vulnerability does the attack exploit? The malicious software exploited a vulnerability in the Microsoft Windows operating system, called EternalBlue, which Forbes reported, was recently stolen from the NSA's cyber-tools repository. While Microsoft issued a patch for this vulnerability in March, not everyone has had a chance to install it.
Has the ransomware been stopped? A MalwareTech researcher realised that the WannaCry code demands infected computers to regularly contact a certain non-existing Internet domain, and registered a domain to create the map of infected computers. It appeared however, that this served as a kill-switch for the malware spread, which might have been built in by the criminals to be able to abandon the infection process if needed. While the infection has been accidentally stopped, experts warn that a new form of ransomware will emerge very soon, and are therefore encouraging users, institutions, and companies to update their Windows promptly.
Why is it called a ransomware? Ransomware is performed by a type of malicious software that blocks access to a computer system or data, usually by encrypting it, and demands a payment to release the files. Similarly to other malicious software, WannaCry encrypts data on the device and demands a ransom of USD$300 to be paid to a given bitcoin wallet within three days or USD$600 within seven days. Unlike other viruses however, WannaCry propagates through the network and infects computers like a worm, which means that their users do not have to activate the infected file or link for the software to continue spreading.
The economic issues
In recent years, there has been a shift in ransomware targets. In search for larger financial gains, perpetrators turned individuals to businesses. According to researchers at Kaspersky, attacks on businesses increased threefold in 2016, compared to a twofold rate of increase in attacks on individuals. Last year, the services sector, with 38% of organisational infections, was markedly the most affected business sector. Manufacturing, with 17%, along with finance, insurance and real estate, and public administration (at 10%) also figured highly.
Business targets have been small to medium-sized organizations with immature IT infrastructures and a limited ability to recover from such an attack. Currently, larger businesses controlling sensitive data, such as the healthcare industry and hospitals, in particular, have been increasingly targeted by perpetrators, because of their 'life and death' need for immediate access to information, which increases their propensity to pay. Moreover, hospitals have specific vulnerabilities exploited by the criminals, such as legacy systems (antiquated back-end systems that IT staff integrates with new technology) and medical devices with weak security.
Who are WannaCry's targets? The targets range from end-users to state hospitals, from government departments to businesses worldwide. Between January 2015 and April 2016, the USA was the region most affected by ransomware, with 28% of global infections. Canada, Australia, India, Japan, Italy, the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, and Malaysia were among the Top 10. Around 43% of ransomware victims were employees in organisations.
How much is the cost of ransomware, in general? According to estimates based on the flow of resources to ransomware-related bitcoin wallets, in 2016, ransomware attacks cost more than USD$1 billion. Some experts say that this value may be underestimated, since many companies will not reveal that their systems have been compromised by ransomware, especially if they have paid the criminals. Moreover, the criminals started to hide the transactions across a large number of wallets, making the transfers more difficult to track. The average ransom demand has more than doubled, from USD$294 at the end of 2015, to USD$679 in 2016. Bitcoin's open ledger allows anyone interested to trace the payments being made to the criminals in the WannaCry ransomware attack.
What other financial losses have been registered? Losses usually go well beyond the amount of the ransom, and may even include the loss of human lives, as with the major disruption of the hospital system in the UK. Other negative consequences to businesses include:
temporary or permanent loss of sensitive or proprietary information;
financial losses from the disruption to business operations;
financial losses incurred to restore the systems and files;
potential harm to reputation.
Ransomware can also disrupt digital commerce, either in direct or on indirect ways. In 2016, the Magento e-commerce platform, used for backend management, was infected with ransomware. Files were encrypted and a ransom in the range of USD$140 to USD$415 was asked for decryption. Indirectly, ransomware impacts consumer trust, causing chilling effects on e-commerce.
How much money did the perpetrators generate in bitcoin? Not much. By 23:59 CEST (15 May 2017), the three bitcoin wallets tied to the ransomware received 216 payments totalling BTC34.6200695 (USD$58,821.36). Despite the attack's large scale, the amount of gathered funds is not a significant amount, and has not disrupted the bitcoin market. The Twitter account @actual_ransom is providing live updates on payments made to the bitcoin wallets.
The three bitcoin wallets tied to the WannaCry ransomware, and the payments they each received
Is cryptocurrency used for criminal activities? Due to its anonymity, cryptocurrency is often criticised for its prevalent use among criminals for money laundering and other criminal activities. Coupled with anonymising tools like Tor, criminals can hide behind an additional layer of privacy. One of the main counter arguments is that technology is neutral, as opposed to the way in which technology is used.
Are the perpetrators known? Not yet. The global community of security experts is looking closely for any movements related to the bitcoin wallets. If the criminals' intent is to collect the money going into the bitcoin wallets, receiving money through a distributed open ledger is not quite the 'safest' option. In addition, based on past ransomware cases, many infected hard drives are unlikely to be decrypted (after paying the ransom) and will likely be permanently lost.
Public-private initiatives have been developed to curb the threat of ransomware, such as the initiative No More Ransom, a co-operative effort between Europol, the Dutch National Police, McAfee and Kaspersky Lab. The online portal informs the public about the dangers of ransomware and helps victims recover data without having to pay ransom. Other organisations and institutions have also reacted.
How has Interpol reacted? Mr Jurgen Stock, Interpol Secretary-General, said that Interpol is 'working alongside international law enforcement and private industry partners [...] to help shape a response' to the ransomware whose creators 'intended to create chaos which has affected vital infrastructures and services worldwide'. Interpol has offered to support affected member countries through its Global Complex for Innovation based in Singapore.
What was Europol's reaction? In Europol's view, the ransomware attack 'is on an unprecedented level and will require a complex international investigation to identify the culprits'. The office announced that its European Cybercrime Centre is working with cybercrime units in affected countries, as well as the private sector, to mitigate the threat posed by the ransomware and to assist victims. The Joint Cybercrime Action Taskforce, a group of specialist international cyber investigators, will also support the EC3 investigation. Europol's executive director, Mr Rob Wainwright, warned that the ransomware 'sends a clear message that all sectors are vulnerable', and that 'all sectors should take absolutely seriously the need to run updated systems and to patch when they can do that'.
What was Microsoft's reaction, in the light of its proposed Digital Geneva Convention? In a blog post published on 14 May, Mr Brad Smith, Microsoft President and Chief Legal Officer, made a link between the ransomware attack and the US National Security Agency (NSA), saying that the 'exploits used in the attack were drawn from the exploits stolen from the NSA'. He added that this 'completely unintended but disconcerting link between [...] nation-state action and organised criminal action' is an example of why 'the stockpiling of vulnerabilities' by governments is a problem that needs to be addressed.
Smith noted that, although Microsoft had released a security update to patch the vulnerability identified in its systems, many computers remained unpatched globally. The company has been assisting users affected by the incident, including users with older Microsoft Windows operating systems that are no longer supported. Microsoft now plans to carefully assess the attack through its Threat Intelligence Centre and Digital Crimes Unit, and use the lessons learnt to strengthen its capabilities.
Smith said that 'governments of the world should treat this attack as a wake-up call', and 'consider the damage to civilians that comes from hoarding these vulnerabilities and the use of these exploits'. In this context, he made a reference to his recent proposal for a Digital Geneva Convention, which would include, among others, a 'new requirement for governments to report vulnerabilities to vendors, rather than stockpile, sell, or exploit them'.
Could a Digital Geneva Convention prevent ransomware attacks? In short, most likely not, since since the current cybersecurity architecture requires much more complex measures. However, more discussions are expected to continue to shape the proposed convention.
Researchers: Adrian Quesada, Amrita Choudhury, Arvin Kamberi, Aye Mya Nyein, Barbara Rosen Jacobson, Foncham Denis Doh, Glenn McKnight, Hamza Ben Mehrez, Jovan Kurbalija, Marilia Maciel, Natalia Enciso, Nazgul Kurmanalieva, Roxana Radu, Sorina Teleanu, Stephanie Borg Psaila, Virginia (Ginger) Paque, Vladimir Radunovic.
[Last updated: 1 September 2017]