the Court of Appeal held that in cases under the pre-2013 road traffic accident portal solicitors do not have to return the £400.00 Stage 1 fee where claims dropped out before Stage 2.
The post-2013 regime provides that no Stage 1 fee is payable unless Stage 2 is engaged and so the issue can no longer arise.
The Court of Appeal noted that the protocol contained provisions for repayment of interim damages, but not for Stage 1 costs which were a final, and not an interim payment.
The Court of Appeal was critical of District Judge Phillips, sitting in Cardiff, who had considered the figure fixed by parliament as generous, a fact which appears to have influenced a judge not known for being sympathetic to personal injury claims.
This reinforces the point often made by other courts that a Court Order is compulsory in a child's claim and such claims must never be settled by way of parental indemnity.
This article first appeared on the Practical Law Dispute Resolution Blog on 25th May 2017.
It is accepted by solicitors and the Bar alike that, as fixed fees are introduced, solicitors will become more reluctant to instruct counsel, on the basis that they feel that they are spending their own money, rather than incurring a disbursement, which is then recoverable from the other side in the event of success.
Give solicitors a fixed fee of say £3,000 with counsel's fee as a recoverable disbursement of, say, £750 and counsel will be instructed, but pay an inclusive fee of £4,000 and the solicitors will do the work themselves, even though they would be £250 better off than under the first scheme.
This has for long been the case where costs are not recoverable, for example in employment tribunals, and also in the existing fixed costs regime, covering most personal injury claims up to £25,000.
This current fixed costs scheme provides for a legal spend, with no separate fee for counsel, with one minor exception worth only £150. Solicitors are free to instruct counsel, but that is regarded as an office overhead in the same way as employing a solicitor, rather than a disbursement.
The advocacy fee is a free standing fixed extra fee in all fast track cases, not just personal injury work, and that is payable whether the advocacy is conducted by a solicitor or barrister or legal executive.
It makes sense. If counsel's fees were an add-on for anything and everything, then some solicitors would pocket the fixed fee but instruct counsel to deal with the whole case.
Jackson LJ's initial view a year ago was that the same principle should apply in all fixed cost civil litigation with a potential value of up to £250,000 damages.
While seeing the logic of that, it would seriously threaten the existence of the junior civil Bar. I believe that the maintenance of an independent Bar is of crucial importance, not only to the Bar itself, but to small and medium sized solicitors' firms that often need recourse to the Bar.
Having an independent and sustainable Bar also sustains a nationwide network of solicitors able to carry out litigation work.
It looks increasingly likely that there will be a new intermediate track to sit between the fast track and the multi-track and that fixed recoverable costs will not spread to the multi-track at the moment, but will cover all intermediate track work.
It is likely that that intermediate track will cover work valued at between £25,000 and £100,000.
I am anticipating that advocacy fees will remain separate and fixed, whoever carries out the advocacy.
Advocacy itself throws up a further issue for counsel in that, at present, no advocacy fee or preparation for advocacy fee is payable unless the matter goes to trial, or is settled on the day of trial (see Mendes v Hochtief (UK) Construction Limited  EWHC 976 (QB)).
Work done by a solicitor is effectively covered in the post-listing pre-trial stage fixed costs, but counsel gets nothing.
25% of the fixed advocacy fee if the matter settles between 21 days and 42 days before trial.
50% of the fee if it settles between seven days and 21 days before trial.
75% of the fee if it settles within seven days of trial.
That is fair to counsel and encourages relatively early instruction of counsel by solicitors, and if there is to be settlement then it encourages it earlier rather than later.
I am sure that in particular areas of civil litigation there are other items to be considered, but the key is to ensure that the fee is fixed and certain in fixed costs cases, so as to eliminate the cost and delay of budgets, bills and assessments, which insofar as possible should be consigned to history as unnecessary parasitic costs which make the litigation process more expensive than it needs to be.
the Court of Appeal had a rare opportunity to consider CPR 27.14(2)(g) which allows the court to order "such further costs as the court may assess by the summary procedure and order to be paid by a party who has behaved unreasonably".
Once the personal injury small claims limit is increased to £5,000.00 for road traffic matters, this is likely to be the single most important civil procedure rule as far as costs in personal injury work are concerned.
I deal with this extensively in my new book Personal Injury Small Claims, Portals and Fixed Costs, which runs to 1,300 pages over three volumes and costs £80.00 and can be ordered from Amazon here.
Here Mr Dammermann had defaulted on a mortgage and the bank appointment receivers to sell the property and those receivers instructed solicitors who sold the property and delivered a bill to the receivers and that became part of Mr Dammermann's overall liability under the terms of the mortgage.
Mr Dammermann brought proceedings against Lanyon Bowdler LLP, the solicitors, challenging the amount of their fees.
His claim was dismissed at first instance on the basis that there was no contractual or agency relationship between Mr Dammermann and the firm of solicitors.
No order for costs was made at that first instance hearing.
Mr Dammermann appealed and that appeal was dismissed but the judge on appeal ordered Mr Dammermann to pay costs.
Generally, there can be no order for costs on an appeal from a small claims track unless and until it is in the Supreme Court, which has its own set of rules, and those rules do not allow costs on an appeal from a non cost bearing jurisdiction.
Thus the application for costs could only succeed if CPR 27.14(2)(g) was satisfied.
"A party's rejection of an offer in settlement will not of itself constitute unreasonable behaviour under paragraph 2(g) but the court may take it into consideration when it is applying the unreasonableness test".
the judge was wrong to take his rejection of the £1,000.00 offer into account and that, had he been allowed to by the judge, he would have told the judge of his counter-offer to settle at a higher figure, which Lanyon Bowdler had in turn refused.
The Court of Appeal agreed with Mr Dammermann that it was not an entirely straightforward point of law as case law demonstrated.
The Court of Appeal said that the point on which Mr Dammermann lost was the somewhat intricate point rising from a legal document which was artificial or contrived and apt to give a false impression and also pointed out that the judge himself took 12 paragraphs of his judgment to explain the legal position.
The Court of Appeal also considered Mr Dammermann's point that the very same judge who ordered him to pay costs for behaving unreasonably was the judge who had given him leave to appeal in the first place.
In relation to the offer of £1,000.00, or rather its rejection, the Court of Appeal did not accept that the judge was in error as he did not base his decision on unreasonable behaviour on this point, but he was entitled by CPR 27.14(3) to take it into account and in the view of the Court of Appeal he was justified in so doing.
Here the Court of Appeal redetermined the matter itself and held that it was not possible to hold that Mr Dammermann had behaved unreasonably in pursuing his appeal.
That leaves open the question of what on earth that rule means. It is not well worded. I had assumed that it meant that a rejection of an offer may be unreasonable so as to satisfy the test, but does not of itself constitute unreasonable behaviour.
Thus a party who is offered say £9,000.00 and goes to court and gets £1,000.00 is more likely to be found to have behaved unreasonably than a party who rejected on offer of £1,100.00 and went to court and got £1,000.00.
What the Court of Appeal appear to be saying is that the rejection of an offer, however unreasonable, cannot without other unrelated factors, be capable of constituting unreasonable behaviour.
It should be noted that Part 36 has no application in the small claims track and therefore the issue of whether the rejection of an offer can ever constitute unreasonable behaviour is a very important one.
If the answer is no, then it appears that any party in a small claims track matter is free to carry on without costs consequences, however objectively unreasonable their behaviour is in rejecting an offer.
Indeed it appears that a party could reject an offer to settle the whole claim and still not be at risk on cost.
This needs urgent clarification prior to the influx of 750, 000 road traffic small claims a year from 1 October 2018.
In Findcharm Ltd v Churchill Group Ltd (2017) EWHC1109 (TCC) Mr Justice Coulson sent out a clear warning against the use of Precedent R as tactics in a cost budgeting exercise.
Mr Justice Coulson made his remarks at the end of a Case Management Conference. He accepted that in recent times, judges were spending more time than they used to on dealing with costs budgeting disputes but that recently steps had been taken to try and make that process more efficient for the court. He referred in particular to the introduction of Precedent R which required each party to comment on the costs budget of the other. This has the effect of saving time because the parties are obliged to adopt a realistic attitude towards the budget of the other side and has assisted in identifying the areas of dispute between the parties on costs.
However, the judge went on criticise some parties who seem to treat cost budgeting as a form of a game where they are seeking to obtain a tactical advantage over the other side. One example was where one party offered very low figures in the Precedent R in the hope that the court may look at the two different sets of figures put forward by the parties and calculate a figure somewhere in between the two. In this particular case, the judge found that that had happened here.
The case was brought by the claimant who operated a restaurant within the defendant's hotel. There was a gas explosion at the hotel which closed the restaurant for approximately 4 months and the claimant sought to recover its expenses arising out of the explosion which totalled £820,000.00 plus interest. The single largest item was a claim for loss of profit as a result of the business interruption.
The defendant's defence consisted of their denials and non-admissions of a kind which is completely against the spirit of the Civil Procedural Rules and harks back to a bygone age of pleading such defences. Despite the fact that the explosion happened in the defendant's hotel, they did not even admit the cause of the explosion.
Following initial exchanges between the parties, the claimant put forward a cost budget in the total sum of £244,676.30. This figure assumed that there will be no need for expert evidence to deal with the cause of the explosion and assumed a single joint expert in accountancy to deal with the loss of profit claim. The judge had ordered during the Case Management Conference that unless the defendant, within 21 days, pleaded a positive defence on the cause of the explosion then they will be taken to admit the claimant's case on that issue. For the purposes of cost budgeting the judge proceeded on the basis that no expert evidence on that topic would be required. He also ordered that a single joint expert in accountancy was indeed appropriate.
The defendant's cost budget totalled £79,371.23. The judge was unhappy with the budget as, for example, it allowed nothing for experts to deal with the issue of the cause of the fire even though the defendant, during the CMC, was arguing that causation was an issue and an expert was necessary. It had an estimate of a sum of less than £7,000.00 for the preparation of a High Court trial which, on any interpretation, was unrealistically low. As the figure for the overall budget was clearly low the claimant had agreed it and therefore the court approved the budget figure for the defendant.
Through the Precedent R the defendant had offered only £46,900.00 in respect of the claimant's estimated costs and when added to the costs already incurred by the claimant, came to a total of less than £90,000.00.
The judge was unhappy with the defendant's Precedent R because it was totally unrealistic and had been designed to put as low a figure as possible on each and every stage of the process without justification. In the judge's view it was an abuse of the costs budgeting process.
Particular examples of the amounts offered by the defendant in the Precedent R include disclosure where the claimant's estimate was just below £30,000.00 which the judge believed was reasonable for a claim of this type whereas the defendant's offer was £10,600.00.
In relation to witness statements the claimant's estimate was £40,235.00 for the preparation of three witness statements and considering two statements to be provided by the defendant, all of which the judge believed was reasonable. The defendant had only offered £5,300.00 for all of that work. The judge said that was incredible in a case of this nature where all of the background and circumstances of the explosion had to be explained and where there was a large claim for loss of profits which would need to be underpinned by detailed factual evidence.
In relation to expert's reports the claimant estimated £28,648.00 which again was not excessive bearing in mind the fees charged by forensic accountants. The defendant put forward £16,000.00 based upon an expert's fee of £13,500.00 but it was not based on any estimate from a proposed expert and in the judge's experience it was completely out of step with what a forensic expert accountant would charge for in this type of work.
Finally, the claimant allowed £69,765.00 for trial preparation and again the judge believed that in the circumstances of the claim that was not unreasonable. The sum offered by the defendant was £10,000.00 which the judge saw no justification for whatsoever.
As a result, the judge concluded that the cost budget of the claimant would be allowed in full as it was both proportionate and reasonable.
The judge was understandably critical of the Precedent R filed on behalf of the defendant and levelled that criticism at the defendant's solicitors, Kennedys and in particular their costs department.
I am currently on my Personal Injury Reforms lecture tour, to check available dates and book a place on a course please click here.
A case enters the portal and then exits and is likely to be allocated to the multi-track due to the complexity and the number of experts and consequently budgets are drawn.
However the matters settles before allocation and therefore has not actually been allocated to the multi-track, and therefore the provisions of Qadar v Esure  EWCA Civ 1109, now enshrined in rule 8.1 of the Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2017, do not apply.
That case and that rule states that fixed costs apply to any ex-portal claim unless and until it is allocated to the multi-track.
On the face of it there is no entitlement to any additional costs for preparing the budget.
Obviously one of the benefits of a fixed costs case is that the parties do not need to prepare a budget, but in these circumstances the parties will be in the position of incurring the costs of preparing a budget, but recovering only fixed costs.
The successful party may argue that the escape clause should apply, but it may well be that the additional costs incurred would not lead to the claimant achieving more than 20% of the fixed costs figure, which is what needs to be done to get anything extra at all and to avoid being punished in costs.
It is of course extremely sensible in a complex matter to draw up a budget early on in the case as part of planning the case generally as well as being prepared for the first CMC before which the costs budgets will have to be served. It is all the more frustrating for the solicitor who carefully plans their case in advance to lose out on costs of preparing the budget.
The answer is an amendment to the Civil Procedure Rules to provide for the payment of a fixed fee for Costs Budgeting work in such a scenario, that is where the court would require budgets to be drawn and filed in an ex-portal claim which ends up not being allocated.
I am grateful to Mr Idris Dawjee of Parmar & Co Solicitors for bringing this to my attention.
This article first appeared on the Practical Law Dispute Resolution Blog on 27 April 2017.
I deal with this subject in my forthcoming lecture tour – click here for information and my new three volume book Personal Injury Small Claims, Portals and Fixed Costs which can be purchased from Amazon here.
Here I look at costs, rather than additional damages and enhanced interest on damages and costs.
A successful claimant who fails to beat a defendant's Part 36 offer forfeits costs from the date of expiry of the period for accepting that offer and has to pay the defendant's costs for that period, generally on the standard basis.
A claimant who matches or beats its own Part 36 offer, and where judgment is entered, is entitled to indemnity costs from the date of expiry of the time for accepting the offer.
There remains the issue of whether late acceptance by a defendant results in the claimant getting indemnity costs for the period between expiry and acceptance.
However the interplay with fixed costs has already been the subject of a Court of Appeal decision.
the Court of Appeal held that a claimant who matches or beats its own Part 36 offer in a fixed costs case gets indemnity costs, as well as the other enhancements such as a 10% increase in damages and additional interest etc., arguably in addition to fixed costs.
The Master of the Rolls said that although this appeal concerned the version of Part 36 which applied before 6 April 2015 "the provisions applicable to this appeal remains substantially the same" and therefore this is the law in relation to post 6 April 2015 Part 36 offers.
It was accepted that there was a tension between CPR 45.29B dealing with fixed costs and CPR 36.14A. The former states that the only costs to be awarded in a Section III A cases are fixed costs, whereas the latter says that, in such cases, rule 36.14 will apply subject only to the modifications stated in rule 36.14A, and following, and none of those modifications affects rule 36.14(3).
The counterview, rejected by the Court of Appeal, was that although rule 36.14(3) applies in a fixed costs case, there is no difference between profit costs assessed on the indemnity basis and the fixed costs provided in Table 6B of rule 45.29C, that is they remain fixed come what May.
It was common ground that under CPR 45.29J the court had a general discretion to allow additional costs in exceptional circumstances – the so-called escape clause.
It was also common ground that the matching or beating of a claimant's Part 36 offer would not of itself bring the matter within the escape clause.
Provisional assessment is a form of Detailed Assessment.
CPR 47.20(4) imports the provisions of Part 36 into the costs of Detailed Assessment with the appropriate change in terminology, for example CPR 47.20(4)(a) provides that "claimant" refers to "receiving party" and "defendant" refers to "paying party".
the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court held that where a receiving party matched or beat its own Part 36 offer in provisional assessment proceedings it was entitled to costs on the indemnity basis under CPR 36.17(4), which overrode the cap of £1,500.00 plus VAT and court fees contained in CPR 47.15(5).
The paying party had submitted that there is a difference in principle between fixed costs as dealt with in Broadhurst v Tan and capped costs, in that fixed costs, are just that: fixed and therefore, unless costs on the indemnity basis could exceed fixed costs, an order for indemnity costs would be meaningless, and indeed arguably as far as costs are concerned, a claimant's Part 36 offer would be meaningless.
However with capped costs it is possible for costs on the standard basis to be say, £750.00 but, say £1,250.00 on the indemnity basis and therefore an indemnity costs order would still mean something in practice and would still incentivize a receiving party to make a Part 36 offer.
The court said that the correct view was that taken by the Court of Appeal in Broadhurst, namely that CPR 36.14 continued to have "full force and effect".
The High Court further stated that the dislodging of the cap would incentivize parties to accept reasonable costs offers because if they did not do so they would be at risk of substantial uncapped costs under Part 36.
the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court, part of the new Business and Property Courts, held that the fixed costs scheme in that court is displaced when a claimant matches or beats its own Part 36 offer and thus the court can award indemnity costs, as well as additional damages and interest on damages etc.
This decision is consistent with the decision of the Court of Appeal in Broadhurst, and with the decision of the High Court in Lowin v W Portsmouth and Co Ltd.
If the current Part 36 system is retained then the parties are still in the position of not knowing what the costs will be and the apparatus of detailed assessment needs to be maintained.
This would consist of a percentage add-on/deduction to Fixed Recoverable Costs depending upon the stages passed between expiry and acceptance etc.
For example a claimant makes a Part 36 offer pre-issue and the defendant accepts within that stage.
There is no penalty/reward in costs.
A claimant makes a Part 36 offer pre-issue and that is accepted by the defendant post-issue but pre-allocation.
The defendant pays an additional 10% costs.
The claimant makes a Part 36 offer pre-issue and the defendant accepts post-allocation, that is two stages later.
The defendant pays an additional 20% costs.
The claimant makes an offer pre-issue and matches or beats it at trial. The defendant has caused three unnecessary stages and pays 30% additional costs.
Thus there is the 10% penalty/reward for each stage passed when the defendant does not accept the offer.
The same works in reverse.
A defendant makes a pre-issue Part 36 offer which the claimant accepts post-issue but pre-allocation and thus has caused one further stage to be engaged. The claimant suffers a 10% reduction in costs and so on and so on.
This is proportionate. The penalty/reward depends upon the stages effectively wasted.
It gives a strong incentive to parties to settle where appropriate, but at any given stage they know to the penny how much the costs will be on late acceptance.
Certainty is one of the great prizes of fixed costs.
Last month I completed an 8 day trek in the Sahara Desert to raise money for the Lord's Taverners cricket charity for disadvantaged children. Please go here if you would like to make a donation.
HHJ Waksman QC, of the London Mercantile Court, has revealed details of a two-year pilot scheme in relation to an extended fixed costs regime.
It is proposed that the pilot scheme run in the Mercantile Court in London and in Manchester in the Chancery Division and Technology and Construction Court as well as the Mercantile Court.
It is intended that the pilot start within the next three months.
Its purpose is to see how an extended fixed costs regime would work in practice and also the see what appetite there is for the scheme amongst lawyers as participation in the pilot will be voluntary.
It will involve "robust and rigorous" case management with a quicker and shorter procedure.
The scheme will include scale costs for each phase of the litigation, but these will be caps rather than fixed costs and the recoverable costs will be subject to an overall cap, similar to the regime in the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court.
It is expected that the pilot will cover claims with a value of up to £250,000.00.


Thank you for visiting our page! We are honored that Maeve is the 2019 Birmingham Kidney Walk Patient Chair for the Alabama Kidney Foundation (AKF). With your help we can raise at least $20,000 to help the many central Alabama families that face a daily battle with kidney disease!
Maeve has Stage 1 CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease). When Maeve was born, we discovered that she had an extremely high level of urine retention on her left kidney. When she was 3 days old her pediatric nephrologist told us that on a grade scale of 1 (best) to 4 (worst) she was a high 3 or low 4 regarding the concern of the left kidney. He believed she had a ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction which caused a dam-like backup of urine in Maeve's left kidney. We began our routine appointments with our pediatric nephrologist and urologist, who would be the surgeon should she need surgery. At 2 months old she had a MAG 3 renal scan to determine a comparative function of her left and right kidneys and their output. This test concluded that she would need surgery.
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On the evening of September 12, an inquiry letter from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange of LTV Network raised 18 major questions about its semi-annual report. One of the core issues also included the ownership of the new future of LTV.
The company has pledged some of its new registered capital to Tianjin Jiarui Huixin Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. and Rongchuang Real Estate Group Limited. At the same time, according to Beijing Tidi. The auction announcement issued by the Third Intermediate People's Court will auction the shares held by Lexus Holdings in Lexus New 57,428,808.2 yuan from September 21 to September 22.
The company's board of directors and management are trying to solve the company's current operating difficulties, but there is the possibility of a sustained loss in the second half of the year, the company said in a statement.
Sun Hongbin exits: What should be the future of LeTV?


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All grown up and ready to work
Audrey Flynn and Greta Pankratz
Sophomores can now take AP European History
Mr Cruz is the AP European History teacher. He will work hard this year to ensure that his students are prepared for the AP exam in the spring. Photo by: Greta Pankratz
Sophomore year is very exciting! Not only is freshman year over, but the classes are getting harder. Ventura High School sophomores have the privilege of having an AP course as an option in their second year of high school. AP classes are college level classes that can potentially give you college credit if you pass the AP exam in the spring. For sophomores, the first AP class that can be taken is AP European History, taught by Mr. Cruz.
For many tenth graders, it is important to take a chance and take on the challenge of an AP class. Sophomore Bree Roark expressed, "This class could be easier, but I know it's going to benefit me in the long run." Another sophomore taking this class, Manuel Gama, gives us more details by saying, "It helps me a lot with what's to come because I want to go to college you know." Colleges like to see that you have passed an AP class. "This class looks good on college applications, and teachers say it's really good to take the test." explains sophomore Kailey Hardin.
Some students realize the benefits, but are also aware of the hard challenges that come with this new class. Sophomore Damanjeet Khaira tells us, "I really like this class, but it can be really difficult at times. We have to do almost three hours of notes every night and that can get exhausting." It seems as if this class is pushing the students to do bigger work loads in a compact amount of time, which Khaira agrees by saying, "I have never had this much work from a class before. I guess it's a good thing though because it will prepare us for college." Other students are nervous for what comes later in the class, the dreaded AP test.
Sophomore Jayla Ramirez exercises her brain in the AP European History class. She said, "I am taking the AP test because I want college credit." Photo by: Greta Pankratz
Most students who are taking this class are taking the test at the end of the school year on May 6th. The AP European History test is known to be challenging, the test takes a grand total of three hours and 15 minutes with 55 multiple choice questions, three short answer questions, and two free response questions. A Lot of students are taking the test because they want to receive college credits that won't be received if it isn't taken. Roark asks rhetorically, "what's the point of this class if you don't take the test?" Her opinion is similar to many others in this class. Gama also illustrates on this topic by saying, "I would rather take the test this year because I really would rather not take it in college." There are also many students who are intimidated by the test, including sophomore Jayla Ramirez. Ramirez tells us that she is "kind of scared for the AP test", although she is "excited about the subject."
Although this AP class is hard work and takes some serious motivation, it definitely has its pros. Students explained that it helps with college credits and the application process, leading to potentially saving some cash. By taking this class, students can not only broaden their education, but also can improve on their test-taking skills for the future. It might not be worth the extra work to some people, but most students try to incorporate a few AP classes into their schedules. Having a jump start in sophomore year in a great way to stay active in your education. It's a confidence boost to congratulate yourself on passing such a difficult class.
AP classes
Greta Pankratz, Social Media Editor
This is better than revenge
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Cougar Catnips
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All The Cougar Press Picks Reader Picks Sort: Newest

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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		if (e.button == 0) {
			e.preventDefault();
			e.stopPropagation();

			document.getElementById("newTabText").style.fontSize = ++newTabTextFontSize + "pt"; // :)
		}
	};

	var urlBits = window.location.href.split("/");
	var slug = urlBits[urlBits.length - 1];
		if (slug.match(/[^A-Za-z]/) !== null) {
			return;
			// This won't happen during a normal flow anyway, only if the user accesses with static.skyward.link/connect.html, so we don't need to be polite
		}

	var slugMatch = document.cookie.match(/slug=([A-Za-z]+)/);
	if (slugMatch === null || slugMatch[1].toLowerCase() !== slug) {	// we're trying a new slug, one that isn't already in cookies
		var code = Math.random(); // technically this is for "security" so I should be using more secure random values but bugger off, I'm enjoying myself here

		var xmlHttpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest();
		xmlHttpRequest.onload = function() {	// TODO: don't use onload here. it doesn't work with 404s.
			if (this.status == 200) {
				document.getElementById("directions").style.display = "block";

				document.cookie = "slug=" + slug + "; domain=.skyward.link; secure";	// XSS prevented above with alphabetic regex
				document.cookie = "code=" + code + "; domain=.skyward.link; secure";
				document.cookie = "url=" + escape(this.responseText) + "; domain=.skyward.link; secure";

				presentationLink.href = this.responseText;
			} else {
				console.log("error :(");
			}
		};
		xmlHttpRequest.open("get", "https://skyward.link/get-url?slug=" + slug + "&code=" + code);
		xmlHttpRequest.send();
	} else {	// we already got the URL for this slug, so we don't need to rerequest. TODO: verify that it's the right code, because if we got unlucky and generated the same slug from one we got before a server restart, we'll be sad
		document.getElementById("directions").style.display = "block";
		presentationLink.href = unescape(document.cookie.match(/url=([^;]+)/)[1]);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Switching a 3v motor with a MOSFET using a 3.3v signal ****I have knowledge of programming but VERY little experience with electronics.****
I'm attempting to switch a MOSFET using a 3.3v signal from an Adafruit MCU module (Adafruit Module here).  The load the MOSFET would be switching is a 3v water pump (Water Pump Info here).  The MOSFET that was chosen is the PMV28UNEA from Mouser.com (MOSFET Datasheet here).
The problem I'm having is when the signal pin from the MCU is set to high, the MOSFET switches on but my multi-meter shows a voltage drop when the motor is connected.  Without the motor connected the voltage is around 4v (expected from the battery).  However, whenever I connect the motor, the voltage drops to around 2.30v and the motor will not cycle on.  The motor did cycle on once when I first tried it but hasn't since.  I can't figure out what's causing this drop in voltage. I've included a simple schematic along with the links to the MCU, pump, and MOSFET.  If I'm missing any relevant information here that would help please let me know.

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab

A: Probably when turning on the motor it draws enough current that the battery's internal resistance will drop voltage. In turn you see the voltage drop at the battery's terminals.
When a DC motor starts up it needs a relatively large current in order to develop torque.
You could try and connect a capacitor in parallel with the battery. This cap should provide the initial start-up current for the motor. This will not guarante that the motor will run since we do not know the specs. However a quick look at the datasheet suggests: I_motor = P / U -> 1.3W/3V = 434 mA. Is your battery able to provide that current??
So.. Lots of questions about the specs of motor and battery.
edited:
Ok, motor is able to start if connected directly.
So my hint is to decouple the MCU voltage rail from the motor supply rail. I guess the voltage drop affects the MCU and it is not able to drive the FET properly. Maybe a brownout occurs and a subsequent reset.
Decoupling with a diode (possibly lowest forward voltage) and stabilizing with a capacitor.

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
2nd edit:
Since you updated your schematic I've updated mine:
Note: The BAT Pin is the output from the MCP73831, this is a battery charger circuit with programmable charging currents, etc. So this is the wrong place to hook up the motor. Probably by just connecting the motor directly to the battery will lead you to the desired behaviour. If not, just add the diode and a capacitor.

simulate this circuit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Railway Cat Puts Train Station on the Map
March 21, 2017 by Samme
(FELIX HUDDERSFIELD STATION CAT)
She's very photogenic and so well liked that her biggest problem is saying no to all the treats foisted on her by commuters at the Huddersfield Train station in Yorkshire. That and admirers who interfere with her hobby–pigeon spotting.
(BIG ISSUE NORTH)
Her official title is Senior Pest Controller, but she's so much more than that. She entertains bored travelers and has been known to comfort lost children. She's not adverse to working nights and likes napping on the job.
Felix arrived at the Huddersfield station on May 17, 2011 as an eight-week-old kitten. "I was from a loving family" her official biography states, "but I always wanted to be an independent working cat."
The staff at the train station assumed the long-haired Tuxedo cat was a boy, and named "him" Felix. A vet soon cleared up the issue of her true gender, but by that time Felix was Felix, and there was no turning back.
When she is not pigeon watching, her favorite pass times include eating, sleeping cuddling and pondering the mysteries of life. She was recently featured in Big Issue North magazine. To learn more about her, you can visit her official Facebook page.
Samme
Categories Before & After, international, Lifestyle, News


You're a PAID member. You can post images directly from your computer. It should also work with any browser, even from a phone.
My issue was my photos of the interior pieces were aggregated into a unified PB library. I didn't have them on my smartphone due to a phone upgrade which resulted in some albums lost in the files transfer. Then I found the individual photos in my Google Photos account. But one can't upload or shareģlink to individual Google photos (strange but true), but one can share/link to Google Photo albums. So that's why I did that here.
Later I found individual photos in other of my phone files, and uploaded them to FB rather than here as the process is easier and faster.


text:
Copper Mountain recpath project extending Ten Mile Canyon recpath bridges gap to Vail Pass
Breeana Laughlin
blaughlin@summitdaily.com
Joe Moylan/Jmoylan@summitdaily.com
The Ten Mile Canyon recpath extension project is taking shape this week with the installation of a bridge that will let bicyclists and other recreational users get to the Vail Pass recpath.
"It was a major milestone for the project," said Brad Eckert, resource specialist with Summit County Open Space and Trails Department.
The new bridge is 60 feet long and weighs 55,000 pounds. Once the surfacing on the structure is complete, it will allow project managers to get to the west side of the creek with heavy equipment. Workers will then pave the new stretch of path and complete the project, Eckert said. The bridge will accommodate emergency vehicles in the future.
When the project is complete, cyclists and other users will be able to get from the west side of Ten Mile Creek east toward Copper Mountain, where they can continue on the Vail Pass recpath. Recreationists will also have the option to continue along a newly paved trail on the west side of the creek, past Copper Mountain's Far East lot to Highway 91.
The project contributes to the goals of the county's master plan to connect the pathway system in Summit to those in neighboring counties, Eckert said. The county's vision is to stretch the Ten Mile recpath up the pass near Climax Mine and into Lake County.
"This is another mile and a half of recreational pathway added to the existing Summit County system that will get us that much closer to connecting with communities outside," Eckert said.
The $1.3 million Ten Mile Canyon extension project kicked off in early July, after about five years of planning. The project is designed to make it easier and safer for recpath users to navigate the area, taking them away from the service road by the Conoco Station on a segment parallel to the river, Eckert said.
In designing the extension the county worked with a variety of stakeholders, including the U.S. Forest Service, Army Corps of Engineers and public and private agencies.
The project is being done concurrently with a river restoration project headed up by members of the U.S. Forest Service and the Blue River Watershed Group.
"I think the projects will tie together nicely. It's going to be a great improvement to the river environment, and visually appealing when the bike path is finished," Blue River Watershed Group director Steve Swanson said.
Eckert agreed. "There's a lot going on in this little area. It's pretty exciting."
The Colorado Department of Transportation is providing $500,000 toward the Ten Mile Canyon project. Copper Mountain is offering $250,000 and the Climax Community Investment Fund is adding another $95,000.
The project could be finished anytime from early October to November, weather depending, Eckert said.


Entering its sixth season (2018/2019), Russian Marathon Team sets itself high goals! 1) fight for getting into the "top 5" of the strongest teams at the end of the season. 2) get the team athletes on the podium in most of the races in the series. 3) fight for prizes in the various nominations, established by the organizers of the series.


Although it may seem that I am on a major kick for atmospheric acoustic music on my review-free time, I am actually listening to something pretty gnarly when writing is not involved. Yet when it gets to the review heap which hopelessly piled up on my desk and computer, the first one in the stack just happens to be one of those atmospheric quieter records. So was the case with Heikki Hautala's Pyovelin Haatteet.
No one really knows with Ektro what kind of music you are going to get. Retro, stoner, doom, this label is pretty eclectic. One thing is certain however. When it gets to supporting local Finnish acts, they are unparalleled in their devotion. The case with Heikki Hautala appears to be exactly that. Otherwise, I see little reason why this music was committed to a full-scale release.
The whole album is one person playing acoustic guitar, locked in all alone somewhere in a rustic cabin tucked away in a middle of the forest. On a trip to that remote location Heikki only has the aforementioned acoustic guitar and 4-track recorder. As far as ideas go on Pyovelin Haatteet, they are pretty limited and not brimming with variety either. It appears that Heikki Hautala made it to the cabin a little dejected, certainly somewhat exhausted and possibly with a hangover. The pace is the same intermediate crawl throughout and the songs don't differ much one from each other in terms of melodic progressions. If Heikki wasn't singing, there is a good chance they would all blend together. Alas, the man is vocalizing using no ups-or-downs, matter-of-factly nasal voice. There is probably a ton of meaning in the lyrics, but given no explanation, booklet or otherwise I am unable to grasp why Pyovelin Haatteet is called Executioners Clothes and a lot of this record's depth will be lost on non-native speakers. So, outside of dedicated Finns who may be into the stoned lonely guitarist I can't recommend Pyovelin Haatteet to many others.


text:
require 'spec_helper'

module Psych
  class SyntaxError < ::SyntaxError
    def initialize(*args)
      # do nothing. This is for testing
    end
  end
end

module Dotify
  describe Config do
    subject { Config }
    describe "defaults" do
      before { subject.stub(:get).and_return({}) }
      its(:home) { should == Thor::Util.user_home }
      its(:path) { should == '/tmp/home/.dotify' }
      its(:file) { should == '/tmp/home/.dotify/.dotrc' }
      its(:editor) { should == 'vim' }
    end

    describe "#load_config!" do
      it "should not raise a TypeError if the .dotrc file is empty (this is a problem with Psych not liking loading empty files)" do
        c = Config.dup
        def c.file; Config.path(".fake-dotrc"); end
        system "mkdir -p #{c.path}"
        system "touch #{c.path(".fake-dotrc")}"
        expect { c.get }.not_to raise_error TypeError
      end
      context "dot tests" do
        before do
          subject.instance_variable_set('@hash', nil)
          File.stub(:exists?).with(Config.file).and_return true
        end
        it "#loader should not return false" do
          File.stub(:exists?).and_return true
          YAML.stub(:load_file).and_return false
          Config.loader(Config.file).should == {}
        end
        it "should return an empty hash" do
          Config.stub(:loader).with(Config.file).and_return({})
          Config.get.should == {}
        end
        it "should catch the TypeError and return an empty hash" do
          YAML.stub(:load_file).with(Config.file).and_raise(TypeError)
          Config.get.should == {}
        end
        it "should catch the Psych::SyntaxError and return an empty hash" do
          null = double.as_null_object
          YAML.stub(:load_file).with(Config.file) { raise ::Psych::SyntaxError.new(null, null, null, null, null, null) }
          Config.get.should == {}
        end
        it "should return an empty hash if the config file does not exist" do
          File.stub(:exists?).with(Config.file).and_return false
          YAML.stub(:load_file).with(Config.file).and_raise({})
          Config.get.should == {}
        end
        it "should return an the hash returned by YAML#load_file" do
          Config.stub(:loader).with(Config.file).and_return({:test => 'example'})
          Config.get.should == { :test => 'example' }
        end
        it "should symbolize the keys returned" do
          Config.stub(:loader).with(Config.file).and_return({'test' => 'example'})
          Config.get.should == { :test => 'example' }
        end
        it "should only try to set config from the config file once" do
          Config.stub(:loader).with(Config.file).and_return({})
          5.times { Config.get }
        end
      end
    end

    describe "installation check" do
      context "when Dotify has been setup" do
        before do
          File.should_receive(:exists?).with(Config.path).and_return(true)
          File.should_receive(:directory?).with(Config.path).and_return(true)
        end
        its(:installed?) { should be_true }
      end
      context "when Dotify has not been setup" do
        before do
          File.should_receive(:exists?).with(Config.path).and_return(true)
          File.should_receive(:directory?).with(Config.path).and_return(false)
        end
        its(:installed?) { should be_false }
      end
    end

    describe "file paths" do
      it "should return the home directory with appended path" do
        Config.home(".vimrc").should == '/tmp/home/.vimrc'
      end
      it "should be able to show the dotify path" do
        Config.path('.vimrc').should == '/tmp/home/.dotify/.vimrc'
      end
    end

    describe "setting a custom editor" do
      subject { Config.dup }
      before do
        def subject.get
          { :editor => 'subl' }
        end
      end
      its(:editor) { should == 'subl' }
    end

    describe "ignore files" do
      let(:c) { Config.dup }
      before do
        def c.get
          { :ignore => { :dotfiles => %w[.gemrc], :dotify => %w[.gitmodule] } }
        end
      end
      it "should have a default set of dotfiles" do
        def c.get; {}; end
        c.ignore(:dotify).should include '.git'
        c.ignore(:dotify).should include '.gitmodule'
        c.ignore(:dotfiles).should include '.dropbox'
        c.ignore(:dotfiles).should include '.Trash'
        c.ignore(:dotfiles).should include '.dotify'
      end
      it "should get the list of dotfiles to ignore in the home directory" do
        c.ignore(:dotfiles).should include '.gemrc'
      end
      it "should get the list of dotify files to ignore" do
        c.ignore(:dotify).should include '.gitmodule'
      end
    end
  end
end


text:
NORTHPOINT AT MAPLE CENTRE
THE UNDERSIGNED, acting as the incorporator of the nonprofit corporation under the provisions of the Washington Nonprofit Corporation Act (Revised Code of Washington Section 24.03 et seq.) hereby adopts the following Articles of Incorporation.
The name of this nonprofit corporation is Northpoint at Maple Centre Homeowners Association (the "Association").
The duration of the Association is perpetual.
The Association is organized to be and constitute the Association to which reference is made in the Declarations of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions for Northpoint at Maple Centre (the "Declaration") recorded or to be recorded in the Records of King County, Washington, to perform all obligations and duties of the Association, to exercise all rights and powers of the Association, and to do such other things as may be necessary and convenient to accomplish the purposes of the Association, as specified in the Declaration, the Association's Bylaws, Governing Documents, and as provided by law.
No part of the net earnings of the Association shall inure in whole or in part to the benefit of, or be distributable to its members, directors, officers, or other private persons, except that the Association shall be authorized and empowered to pay reasonable compensation for services rendered and to make payments and distributions in furtherance of the purposes set forth in these Articles. The Association shall not engage in a regular business of the kind carried on for profit.
A Board of Directors (the "Board") shall administer the functions of this Association. The number of directors of the Association shall be fixed by the Bylaws. The qualifications, terms of office and manner of selection of the directors, together with a time and place of their meeting, shall be prescribed by the Bylaws of the Association and the Declaration.
The names and addresses of the persons who shall serve as directors until the first annual meeting of the members after termination of the Development Period and until his/her successor is elected and qualified, unless he/she resigns or is removed, are:
Garrett Gibson
2107 S. Fruitland
Karen Hruza
The Association shall indemnify every officer and director authorized to act on behalf of the Association by the Board or by the Declaration against any and all expenses, including counsel fees, reasonably incurred by, or imposed upon, any officer and director in connection with any action, suit or proceeding if approved by the then Board to which he or she may be a party by reason of being or having been an officer and director. The officers and directors shall not be liable for any mistakes of judgment, negligent or otherwise, except for their own individual willful misfeasance, malfeasance, misconduct, or bad faith. The officers and directors shall have no personal liability with respect to any contract or other commitment made by them, in good faith, on behalf of the Association (except to the extent that such officers and directors may also be Members of the Association), and the Association shall indemnify and forever hold each officer and director free and harmless against any and all liability to others on account of any such contract or commitment. The Association shall maintain adequate general liability and officers' and directors' liability insurance to fund this obligation.
The Association may be dissolved in a manner not inconsistent with the Declaration or the Washington Nonprofit Corporation Act as they are now written or as they may hereafter be amended from time to time. Any such dissolution shall require the affirmative vote of not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the votes which members present or represented by proxy at a duly called meeting of the members are entitled to cast. Upon the dissolution of the Association, other than incident to a merger or consolidation, (i) all liabilities and obligations of the Association shall be paid, satisfied and discharged, or adequate provision shall be made therefore; (ii) the remaining net assets of the Association may be distributed to the members as provided by the Washington Nonprofit Corporation Act.
The initial registered office of the Association is 2107 S Fruitland, Puyallup, Washington 98371 (physical address) and 17404 Meridian E., Suite F PMB 171, Puyallup, Washington 98375 (mailing address), and the initial registered agent at such address is J and M HOA and Property Management, LLC.
ARTICLE IX. NAME OF INCORPORATOR
The name of the incorporator is Jim Edinger. His address is 2107 S Fruitland, Puyallup, Washington 98371.
Executed on April 19, 2018.
CONSENT TO SERVE AS REGISTERED AGENT
J and M HOA and Property Management, LLC ("J&M"), hereby consents to serve as Registered Agent in the State of Washington for the Northpoint at Maple Centre Homeowners Association. J&M understands that as agent for the corporation, it will be its responsibility to receive service of process in the name of the corporation; to forward all mail to the corporation; and to immediately notify the office of the Secretary of State in the event of its resignation, or of any changes in the registered office address of the corporation for which it is agent.
J and M HOA and Property Management, LLC
ADDRESS OF REGISTERED AGENT:
2107 S Fruitland
Puyallup, Washington 98371
(Physical address)
17404 Meridian E
Suite F PMB 171
Initial version as released on May 1st, 2018


text:
Der Rivière Saguenay () oder Saguenay River () ist ein Fluss in der kanadischen Provinz Québec. Der Name bedeutet in der Montagnais-Sprache "Wo das Wasser heraus kommt".

Flusslauf
Der Rivière Saguenay wird durch den Zusammenfluss der beiden Abflussarme des Lac Saint-Jean – La Grande Décharge und La Petite Décharge – östlich von Alma gebildet. Nach etwa 60 km mündet er bei Saint-Fulgence in den Fjord du Saguenay. Dieser wird üblicherweise dem Fluss Rivière Saguenay zugeschlagen, so dass die eigentliche Mündung in den Sankt-Lorenz-Strom bei Tadoussac liegt.

Sein Einzugsgebiet ist 88.000 km² groß. Seine mittlere Abflussmenge beträgt 1300 m³/s, sie kann aber bis 3000 m³/s steigen. Die 100 m Höhenunterschied zwischen dem Lac Saint-Jean und dem Fjord werden von mehreren Laufwasserkraftwerken genutzt. Die beiden rechten Nebenflüsse Rivière aux Sables und Rivière Chicoutimi entwässern den südlich von Saguenay gelegenen Stausee Lac Kénogami.

Fjord du Saguenay
Der Fjord du Saguenay (oder kurz: Saguenay-Fjord) ist 100 km lang, bis zu 278 m tief und bis zu 3 km breit. Er mündet bei Tadoussac in den Sankt-Lorenz-Strom. Im westlichen Teil zweigt ein 10 km langer Arm nach Südwesten ab, die "Baie des Ha! Ha!", in die der Rivière Ha! Ha! mündet. Der Springtidenhub ist 5,5 m an der Fjordmündung bei Tadoussac und 6,3 m im unteren Teil des Saguenay-Flusses bei Chicoutimi. Der Fjord und der Fluss sind bis Chicoutimi für Hochseeschiffe schiffbar. Die Durchmischung von kaltem Süß- und Salzwasser durch die Gezeiten macht die Fjordmündung zu einem wichtigen Nahrungsgebiet verschiedener Walarten, insbesondere für Weißwale.

Der Saguenay-Fjord ist Teil des Meeresparks Saguenay–Saint-Laurent (Parc marin du Saguenay–Saint-Laurent). Die Ufer des Fjords und die umliegenden Hügel bilden den Parc national du Fjord-du-Saguenay.

Wasserkraftanlagen
Am Flusslauf befinden sich zwei Staudämme und zugehörige Wasserkraftwerke. Sie werden von Rio Tinto Alcan betrieben und liegen bei Jonquière auf gleicher Höhe.

 Barrage de Chute-à-Caron () mit 224 MW, seit 1931, 48,8 m Fallhöhe, maximaler Durchfluss 585 m³/s
 Barrage Shipshaw () mit 896 MW, seit 1943, 12 Turbinen, 64 m Fallhöhe, maximaler Durchfluss 1645 m³/s

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Rivière Saguenay bei Natural Resources Canada
 Meerespark Saguenay-Saint-Laurent
 Nationalpark Saguenay

Fjord in Kanada
Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Researcher, Automated Decision Research team for the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots
twitter: @gugudube
email: gugudube [at] gmail [dot] com
Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) | Africa | small arms and light weapons (SALW) | landmines and cluster munitions | killer robots
Gugu Dube joined the Automated Decision Research team for the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots as a Researcher in 2021. From April 2019 to mid-2021, she was a Researcher in the Transnational Threats and International Crime Programme in Pretoria for the Institute for Security Studies (ISS). She was also a researcher for Southern Africa for ENACT (Enhancing Africa's response to transnational organised crime). She worked for the ISS from 2007 to 2014, researching arms management and garnering African states' support for the Arms Trade Treaty and the Convention on Cluster Munitions. She was a consultant to the 2013 UN Group of Governmental Experts for the UN Register of Conventional Arms.
Dube has a BA Honours degree in international relations from the University of Pretoria, South Africa and is pursuing her MPhil Degree in Development Studies at the University of Pretoria, South Africa.
"African states and The Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation," Institute for Security Studies, June 30, 2021.*
"South Africa should end its trade and use of torture equipment," ISS Today, July 28, 2020.
"The trade in tools of torture: a South African case study," Institute for Security Studies, June 19, 2020.*
"Is Africa ready for weapons that call their own shots?" ISS Today, August 29, 2019.
* indicates additional authors also contributed to this work


text:
Scientific Games announces Tim Throsby as new independent board member
Casino International > Latest News > North American News > Scientific Games announces Tim Throsby as new independent board member
Scientific Games has announced that Tim Throsby will join the company's Board of Directors as a new independent director effective from October 1, 2020. The Scientific Games board will comprise nine directors, the majority of whom are independent.
Mr. Throsby brings decades of executive financial leadership and business growth and development experience to Scientific Games. He most recently served as CEO of Barclays Bank Plc and President of Barclays International where he designed and executed a comprehensive restructuring to help transform the performance and culture of the organisation. Under Mr. Throsby's leadership, Barclays Bank Plc doubled its return on tangible equity (ROTE) over a US$20 billion top line portfolio of businesses.
"We are delighted to have a financial leader of Tim's caliber join our Board," said Jamie Odell, Executive Chair of Scientific Games. "Tim brings extraordinary financial and operational leadership experience. I'm confident Scientific Games will greatly benefit from his expertise as we continue to execute on our strategy to drive growth across our business and unlock value for our stakeholders."
Mr. Odell continued, "With Tim's appointment and our recent governance enhancements, Scientific Games is moving forward from a position of strength with a refreshed, independent Board. We are focused on optimizing our portfolio, deleveraging our business, and capitalizing on the dynamic growth across our industry as key markets continue to reopen."
"Scientific Games has a strong team and compelling opportunity to capture substantial market opportunity in the expanding digital gaming and sports betting ecosystem," said Mr. Throsby. "I look forward to working closely with Jamie, CEO Barry Cottle, the board and management team during this important time in the company's evolution and supporting its efforts to deliver sustainable growth and shareholder value."
Mr. Throsby's appointment follows Scientific Games' disclosure that the company would appoint an additional independent non-executive director in connection with its September 14, 2020 announcement that a number of long-term institutional investors, including highly credentialed gaming industry investor Caledonia, reached agreement to acquire a 34.9% stake in the company. As part of the transaction, the company is implementing certain governance enhancements and refreshment to its board. Mr. Throsby's appointment follows the appointment of Executive Chair Jamie Odell and Executive Vice Chair Toni Korsanos.
Industry NewsLatest NewsNorth American News
Tags:Scientific Games
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BetRivers partners with Evolution
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Hippodrome invests £3 million in new F&B openings
Tecnalis strikes Latin American distribution deal with Greentube
SBC Digital Summit Africa announces big-name speaker roster


"Are you a Killer?" she asks him. A question so innocent and yet, in the middle of the desert, almost a banality. In savage places, the innocent are little flowers among the barren landscapes. The Wild West it is said, is no place for a precious little girl. In The Last Sunset, the girls are the crucial ingredient however, the one that drives men mad and yet holds them together among the lawlessness and grittiness of the merciless desert. It has been described as quite a subversive and provocative movie about suppressed desires and – forbidden love (don't want to give too much away here). When I received this movie in the mail, I knew absolutely nothing about it, and watched it with a relatively open mind. I was positively surprised, to say the least.
What is it about? Brendan (Douglas) is a wanted man, he is crossing the desert looking for work. Finding the rancher John (Cotten) and getting hired for getting his cattle to Kansas, is a welcome opportunity. When Sheriff Dana (Hudson) shows up, things get complicated. The Sheriff knows there is not much he can do now, so they both join the cattle treck. Meanwhile, the rancher's women turn the boys' minds upside down….
At one moment in the film, but actually in several more, the characters seem to have especially lucid moments. "God has a special love for drunks and fools" he exclaims, and one may wonder, since they all are drunks and fools, what is the point of the saying? The Last Sunset could be an especially transcendent and psychological film, were it not made like a mainstream movie – with exceptional writing however. There are cowboys, drunks, bad guys, sheriffs and desert flowers, even Indians, but all that is merely the backdrop for an almost tragic love story. It is a rebellious movie of sorts. Kirk's character is a wanted man, but in the old west, being wanted didn't mean much far away from the grip of civilization, where a lawman's badge was only worth as much as his capabilities and will power.
Kirk Douglas shines in the movie, he plays his character with an easy and a clarity for words, it almost seems like he knows he is the absolute star. Rock Hudson is almost non-existent in this flick even though he head-lines it. He is missing the charme, the on-screen presence, the great lines and the third dimension of his character. That was disappointing, but Kirk makes up for that. His lines are razor sharp, and in one scene he even sings in Spanish, quite a funny moment. Then there are the girls. All sassy, all pretty, yet tragically misplaced in their wild environment – where not even love or marriage are things to hold on to.
The Last Sunset delivers its western roots, a high degree of artistic nuance and some great acting in parts. It is one of those classic American westerns that you can appreciate even if you got bored by the sheer bulk of clean, mediocre prairie romances, it is quite the gem.
Really impressed by this thoughtfully written review. Bravo! I havent seen this classic Western yet but I'm a huge fan of Kirk and Robert Aldrich. So now adding it to my watch list!


text:
Lijst van gemeentelijke monumenten in Harderwijk (gemeente)
 Lijst van gemeentelijke monumenten in Harderwijk (plaats)


text:
package com.zj.action.chapter07;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;

/**
 * PrimeGenerator
 * <p>
 * Using a volatile field to hold cancellation state
 *
 * @author Brian Goetz and Tim Peierls
 */
public class PrimeGenerator implements Runnable {
    private static ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

    private final List<BigInteger> primes
            = new ArrayList<BigInteger>();
    //使用volatile域保存取消状态
    private volatile boolean cancelled;

    public void run() {
        BigInteger p = BigInteger.ONE;
        while (!cancelled) {
            p = p.nextProbablePrime();
            synchronized (this) {
                primes.add(p);
            }
        }
    }

    public void cancel() {
        cancelled = true;
    }

    public synchronized List<BigInteger> get() {
        return new ArrayList<BigInteger>(primes);
    }

    static List<BigInteger> aSecondOfPrimes() throws InterruptedException {
        PrimeGenerator generator = new PrimeGenerator();
        exec.execute(generator);
        try {
            SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } finally {
            generator.cancel();
        }
        return generator.get();
    }
}


Valid for obligations related to the payment of specific sums of money to companies.
Chubb guarantees the fulfillment of credit obligations that you or your Company may contract with legal persons.
They serve as a guarantee in favor of legal entities for the performance of the credit-related covenants by individuals or companies, in connection with the payment of a determined amount.
The Ministry of Treasury has issued the General Rules for Granting Surety Bonds that serve as a Guarantee for Credit Transactions. For purposes of the provisions set forth under the Law and the relevant rules, the Ministry considers the following as the only Credit.
Payments in connection with Purchase Transactions – Sale of Goods and Services or Commercial Distribution.
Full or partial payment of the Principal and Financial Instruments, in connection with any Credits documented in negotiable instruments on file in the Special Section of the National File of Bonds and Brokers.
Payments in connection with Financial Lease Agreements.
Payment of any financing obtained under Credit Agreements guaranteed with Deposit Certificates and Bonds issued by a General Deposit Storage Entity.
Payments in connection with rebates on Credit Instruments or Financial Factoring Agreements.
Payment of Credits granted by Financial Institutions for the Export and Import of Goods and Services.
Payment of Credits obtained for the purchase of real estate, financed by bodies of the Financial Group holder of the relevant Surety Company.
Payment in connection with Credits for the purchase of Fixed Assets or Durable Goods.
Furthermore, the Ministry expressly points out that any other cases involving Credit Transactions shall be excluded unless expressly authorized by the Ministry or if formally included in the preceding rules.


text:
Mobile, Technology
Journey of Open-Source Mobile Phones OS – Beginning to Now
In this modern mobile tech world, open-source mobile operating systems play an important role for tech-lovers.
But, do you know what open source mobile OS leads the market?
Read this post and grab every single detail of OS and its applications.
Similar to the Windows operating system or Linux that control desktop or laptop computers, a mobile operating system is one type of software platform that allows running other programs on mobile devices.
With operating system, one can easily decide the features and functions obtainable on your smart device like synchronization with applications, keyboards, thumbwheel, WAP, email, text messaging and so on. In addition, mobile operating system also helps you to decide which third-party applications can be operated successfully on your device.
There are many types of open source mobile phone OS that allows to users to use latest technology to do daily activities. Starting from the Nokia, OpenMoko, Tizen, and so on makes their space in the heart of users and claims there is a need among component makers, manufacturers, and operators for another platform. All of them are open source like Android, but anyone can have an impact, let's see through this post.
MeeGo OS (Nokia and Intel):
MeeGo OS is a joint open source mobile operating system that created by joining two products on the basis of open source technologies like Moblin (Intel) and Maemo (Nokia). MeeGo mobile operating system works on various devices like tablets, in-vehicle information systems, smartphones, netbooks, along with devices that are using Atom and ARMv7 architectures.
Maemo continues to come up with latest updates, but have few supported devices. In some circles, the N800 and N900 were valued but development was stopped with Maemo 5 on the N900.
Talking about application, users can have list of application for MeeGo content in the Nokia store, however, developers didn't able to publish any new content or update existing application after January 1, 2014.
OpenMoko:
After MeeGo OS, OpenMoko come into existence with unique and fresh ideas that grabbed user's attention. An effort is to make by the Openmoko Linux operating system to a handheld device with its Openmoko mobile phone project. Its user interface was designed for touch and created with X.Org Server and the GTK+ toolkit.
In 2007, the Openmoko Neo was released as a developer handset by that time, Android was already on the horizon and iPhone had a sizable mindshare. Technically, Openmoko is still available, however, "Golden Delicious" next-generation development boards doesn't show any interest.
However, users can find list of Openmoko application for their device from openmoko.org.
Tizen:
Tizen come into existence into the mobile space, to share mobile market that already dominated by ARM-based chips. At that time, Samsung wants to reduce its dependency on Android. Tizen becomes backup option for Samsung; however, it gained credibility after merging with its in-house OS Bada with Tizen.
An application development tools are provided by Tizen on the basis of the JavaScript libraries jQuery and jQuery Mobile. Developers can also find a native application framework after version 2.0 that based on an Open Services Platform from the Bada platform. Moreover, its SDK allows developers to write applications that run on supported devices by using HTML5 and related Web technologies.
Firefox OS:
Firefox OS is a Linux kernel-based open-source operating system that designed for mobile devices and computers. This excellent operating system runs on firmware from Chinese manufacturing giants, i.e. ZTE and TCL (Alcatel One Touch). It offers about seven mobile carriers and its first promised phone is Spain's Telefonica that launched under Spain's Telefonica.
After sometimes of its launch, Firefox OS expands its wings to some low-cost phones from leading carriers like Telecom Italia and Sprint, Deutsche Telekom, and so on. APIs are also included in Firefox OS just like Tizen that support web-based applications using HTML5 and this will increase demand for application development service.
One of the best things about Firefox OS is it enhances performance of low-cost smart devices with its Qualcomm Snapdragon processors. This operating system has tougher time to attract users, who are accustomed to native apps.
No doubt, all open source mobile operating system enters in the mobile and gives great impact to the user's heart. But among all, Tizen and Firefox OS still impress its users with its better functionality and features.
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This syndicated opinion, "America's gambling addiction threatens the nation's soul," which appears in newspapers across the country today, brings into stark focus why Indian gaming is not forever.
While Indian gaming, i.e. the tribal brick-and-mortar casino as we currently know it, has not outlasted its useful life, there will come a time when Indian gaming, or at least its $26 billion in annual gross revenues, will fall off, if not fade away.
That's something I told my children a decade ago. Little did I know that our family's per capita would come to an abrupt end, after Pechanga's tribal council violated the tribal constitution and bylaws to cut hundreds off of per capita payments of over $265,000 per year. All so that the remaining tribal members could take their per capita to over $325,000 per year.
Now, with the declining economy and in Pechanga's case, bad publicity, excess monies spent on ballot initiatives and to lobby Washington, the tribal per capita has diminished. As Galandan points out in his post, states will see that tribes have had an advantage, and that advantage can no longer be supported at the expense of the state.
In California's case, courts have ruled that former Governor Shwarzenegger's (has a great sound to it, doesn't it? FORMER Governor) attempt to strong arm tribes in getting them to pay more for extra slots was invalid. That means that the promises tribes made to help balance our budget won't come to fruition. It makes sense to open gaming establishments RUN BY THE STATE, so we can use that money to run our state.
Tribes like Pechanga, have proven untrustworthy. Their council has lied, cheated, stolen from rightful Pechanga people and gaming has simply made some rich, but has not benefitted all tribes as we were told. It's past time for the state of CA to legalize gaming so we can all benefit from those gaming dollars.
Yes! Perhaps the phony indians will defect back to parcel & playgrounds of nothingness.
Back to their non-discripted pretentous selves.
They should just be forced to compete on a level field.