Robert Phillips has published 'Trust Me, PR is Dead' a book which is more than just a provocative title. It can't be ignored.
If PR sat down and gave some PR advice to PR it would be that the term 'PR' was broken.
Stop people in the street and ask what they think of when they hear the term. Chances are that Max Clifford and spin would feature. Do people trust the phrase? Not, really.
That's not to say there is no-one in the profession trying to change things. There are. Some are doing it by trying to professionalise what is there. Robert Phillips is doing it by starting a debate. Or rather he has lit a molotov cocktail and thrown it. His book 'Trust Me, PR is Dead' is that incendiary device.
There is much in it to debate.
But who is Phillips? Some bearded revolutionary? Actually, no. He was the former President and CEO, EMEA of Edelman, the world's largest PR firm. He co-founded Jericho Chambers and advises companies at a senior level on strategy, policy, comms and trust.
That this comes from someone who was the cornerstone of the PR profession means the argument demands attention.
Phillips argues that too much attention has been spent on the polishing the message that says 'trust us.' More needs to be spent on actually doing things that earn that trust. Don't say you care. Do the right things first. Maybe people will see that.
Stop and reflect. If you are a PR person how much time did your organisation really spend on doing?
Of course, it's easy to throw half bricks at a system that is creaking. It's a lot harder to construct a vision for what should replace it.
Phillips calls for 'public leadership.' He wants leaders who are activists and he wants them to make decisions that are co-produced. In other words, he wants them to allow others a voice to shape those decisions. He wants leaders to be 'citizen centric' and connect the core purpose of the organisation to how they can help real people. He also wants them to be society-first and to think of the society they are part of.
Pie in the sky? Maybe. But there are examples in the book where this is happening.
A few months back we helped facilitate a comms event for Foreign & Commonwealth Office comms people out in the Middle East. British Ambassador to Lebanon Tom Fletcher stopped me in my tracks with his call that we should communicate like insurgents. We should, of course. They move fleet of foot without having to report back. They create bite sized content using platforms where they know people will be. If Our Man gets it, shouldn't we?
The strategies in brief are: accept chaos as reality, radicalise honesty and transparency, build coalitions, take to the social dance floor, be the media, love the citizen crowd and communicate through actions not words.
Of course, each strategy could be a revolution in its own right but taken together they are dynamite. But are they too much to take as a whole?
Of course, good ideas written down don't change the world. History shows that the Diggers in 17th century Britain had this crazy idea that all men were created equal and that land had been stolen from them by a foreign monarch. It didn't end well.
So, will Phillips' ideas end well? There are certainly those in the PR establishment who loathe this book. Is PR dead or evolving? The book's success will be judged in time, no doubt. The forces that drive the books ideas, the web, citizens being more networked will happen anyway. But how is it is possible to take these ideas as a reader and influence change?
It is too arresting a book to read in one sitting. Pick up the book at random and there are ideas that fizz and challenge you to disagree with them.
But it is entirely wrong to think this is a book about PR. This is a book about everything from how we react to organisations, press for change, communicate and navigate change. Too ambitious? A PR person on their own with this book is like a stoker looking out of a Titanic porthole spotting an iceberg. It needs those at the top on board too. Without that, can its ideas fail? Maybe not since it talks about forces like the internet and social change that are outside our control.
Can change be done from within? With that in mind, it's also a book that should be read with Liam Barrington-Bush's excellent 'Anarchists in the Boadroom.' This book was written from first hand experience of the Occupy movement. It's a cookbook for how to make organisations more approachable and more like people.
'Trust Me: PR is Dead' is more Occupy than Mad Men. It challenges you. Like a tent village outside a closure-threatened hospital it may not be liked. The suits who are walking past the encampment eyes down on the pavement would be foolish to ignore it.
It'll be fascinating to see how these ideas play out.
You can buy Trust Me, PR Is Dead by Robert Phillips here via our Amazon Associates page.
Robert Phillips will be taking part in a discussion titled 'PR is Dead… in Brum: Leadership and Communications in a Citizen Centric Society' at the Impact Hub Birmingham from 6pm to 8pm on March 25. Joining him on the panel will be Darren Caveney of comms2point0, Nick Booth of Podnosh and Lorna Prescott of Dudley CVS and Impact Hub Brum. Tickets which are free are available here.


Montreal's high tech and creative sectors are once again flexing their muscles. The city saw 3.6 per cent in job growth last year, putting it at top spot among cities in Canada and the United States, according to Montréal International.
Montreal International looked at 75,000 jobs added in the greater Montreal area last year. The organization compared the number to newly released data from the U.S. to find that Montreal had the highest growth percentage among the 20 largest metropolitan areas in the two countries. Moreover, it's the highest growth rate recorded in Montreal since 1998.
An economist with Montréal International, Christian Bernard, said he wasn't surprised when he saw the numbers.
"It was exceptional, the growth in Montreal in 2017," he told the Montreal Gazette's Jacob Serebrin.
"We knew that Montreal was very attractive all around the world," Bernard told CBC Montreal.
According to the organization, job growth is highest in information and culture sectors at six per cent, finance at seven per cent and professional, scientific and technical services at eight per cent. These categories involve many tech jobs, Bernard told the Gazette.
CBC used the example of Emma McGuinness, the general manager of a British visual effects company's Montreal office.
Double Negative (DNEG) opened an office in Montreal last fall and has employed more than 250 people since January. McGuinness told CBC that the company doesn't have to look far when making hiring decisions.
"There is a great culture here which brings great artists, and also there's great training programs in the schools. So there is a big, a huge pool of untouched talent there for the taking," she said.
McGuinness said tax incentives are helping to bring companies like hers to the city. As many readers will likely be aware, Montreal has long been a hot spot for game development due to its generous tax credits it offers to international rockstars in the sector, like Eidos and and Ubisoft.
In fact, Invest Quebec said Montreal is the world's fifth biggest market in video game production after Tokyo, London, San Francisco and Austin. In 2017, more than 10,000 people were employed in Québec's video game industry, the majority of which in Montreal.
But there's more than meets the eye when it comes to why this city's tech sector is growing so healthily.
As wel, said Iamello, there's certain Canada-wide, Quebec-friendly factors that are also contributing to Montreal's attractiveness.
But the Gazette's Serebrin pointed out that, like every other large North American city, Montreal's population is aging. The number of people retiring in Quebec already exceeds the number of people entering the workforce, according to the Conseil du patronat du Québec.
"Can we sustain this pace? In the near term, I think yes. In the medium and long term, we have to enlarge the pool of skilled workers and it will depend on our immigration and education systems," Bernard said.
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario (California), Phoenix, Dallas and Seattle rounded out the top five. Toronto, the only other Canadian city on the list, was sixth, with an employment growth rate of 2.32 per cent.


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José Julián Acosta ou de seu nome completo José Julián Acosta y Calbo (San Juan, 16 de Fevereiro de 1825 — 16 de Agosto de 1891) foi um escritor advogado e político porto-riquenho.

Biografia
Foi deputado às Cortes de Espanha e abolicionista facto que lhe criou ideologias políticas que o levaram a ser membro do Partido Liberal Reformista local onde sempre lutou pela abolição da escravatura.
Lutou pela independência de Porto Rico, seu país adoptivo. dirigiu a rebelião denominada  Grito de Lares, ocorrida em 1867. Foi deputado em 1871.
Tinha licenciatura em Ciências Físico Matemáticas feita na Universidade Central de Madrid.

Corria o ano de 1866 criou a Junta de Informação e tentou explicar no seu país natal a necessidade de reformas e da necessidade da abolição da escravatura nas colónias.
Foi eleito deputado nas Cortes Espanholas em 1871 e em 1879.

Editou vários trabalhos nas edições periódicas El Progresso e El Agente. Foi igualmente um elemento colaborante na fundação do Ateneu Porto-riquenho.
Durante muitos anos ensinou em trabalhou na Escola de Comércio, Agricultura e Náutica, experiência que o levou a publicar um Tratado de Agricultura.

Referências
Nova Enciclopédia Portuguesa, Ed. Publicações Ediclube, 1996.

Ligações externas
Biografias.

Escritores de Porto Rico
Políticos de Porto Rico
Mortos em 1891

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Playa Blanca is located at the southern foot of Lanzarote - which means that this resort tends to enjoy hotter weather and more sunshine hours than either Puerto del Carmen or Costa Teguise.
Playa Blanca is the second most popular resort after Puerto del Carmen - thanks in part to the aforementioned microclimate, but also because it boasts some excellent beaches and amazing views across to the neighbouring island of Fuerteventura.
The resort was developed in earnest during the 1990's - making it the most modern holiday destination on Lanzarote. The seafront promenade is lined with relatively new four and five star hotels and winds its way along the coast from the beaches of Papagayo to the lighthouse of Faro de Pechiguera.
We offer a good selection of holiday villas for rent in Playa Blanca, most of which are located very close to the beach of Playa Flamingo, which is close to the ferry port. Rental accommodation is also available in other parts of the resort such as Montaña Roja.
Playa Blanca is blessed with some of the finest beaches on the island, if not the Canaries as a whole. Within the resort itself tourists can enjoy the golden sands at Playa Flamingo, Playa Dorada (the largest and most popular beach) and Playa Blanca (the small central beach from which the town takes its name).
But the real show stoppers are located about a fifteen minute walk from the centre of the resort at Papagayo, a protected natural beauty spot. Where there are five separate coves and bays to explore.
The Rubicon Marina first opened to the public back in 2004 and adds a real upmarket feel to the resort. The quayside here is lined with shops, bars and restaurants whilst a market is held here very week on Wednesdays and Saturdays. As well as taking sailing excursions tourists can also learn to dive here too.
It takes just 20 minutes to reach the neighbouring Canary Island of Fuerteventura on a ferry from the harbour in Playa Blanca. Fuerteventura is quite a contrast to Lanzarote, as the island doesn't boast the same sort of dramatic volcanic scenery - but it does have some amazing beaches such as the Dunas National Park which is close to the ferry port at Corralejo.
Regular services are operated throughout the day by Fred Olsen and Navieras Armas, with different prices available dependent upon whether you travel with a car or as a foot passenger.
There are hundreds of restaurants in Playa Blanca offering a wide variety of different cuisines. Standards can be variable but the following establishments remain enduringly popular thanks to their consistency.
Spanish restaurant offering good quality seafood and meat specialities with a modern twist. This is the only restaurant in the resort worthy of a mention in the Red Michelin Guide.
A Greek restaurant on a Spanish island? Sounds a little unlikely but it works very well in fact and Sebastyn's is one of the most popular eateries in the resort as a result.
This stylish restaurant located close to the Rubicon Marina offers well executed modern international dishes. Highly recommend but at the more expensive end of the scale.
Fine dining establishment located on the approach to the Rubicon Marina serving very high quality modern cuisine and with prices to match.
Playa Blanca is ideally located for exploration of Lanzarote's key southern sights. Chief these is the Timanfaya Volcano Park which is just a 15 minute drive from the resort. Here visitors can gaze in awe at the power of Mother Nature - as this area experienced enormous volcanic eruptions lasting six years during the 1730's.
Volcanic activity also helped to create the nearby attractions of Los Hervidores and the Green Lagoon at El Golfo. Both of which are entirely free of charge to the public. The traditional village of Yaiza is also worth exploring whilst the whitewashed pueblo of Femes offers breathtaking views back down to Playa Blanca.


Sam Newton was awarded his Ph.D in 1991 and is the author of The Origins of Beowulf and the pre-Viking Kingdom of East Anglia (1993) and The Reckoning of King Rædwald (2003). He has lectured widely around the country as an independent scholar and has contributed to many radio and television programmes, especially Time Team.. He is also a Director of Wuffing Education, NADFAS lecturer, and tutor for Cambridge University's Institute of Continuing Education.


The distance between Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and Sarmiento, Argentina is approximately 10,960 km or 6,811 mi.
To reach Winnipeg, Manitoba in this distance one would set out from Sarmiento bearing 342.1° or NNW and follow the great circles arc to approach Winnipeg, Manitoba bearing 340.5° or NNW .
Winnipeg, Manitoba has a warm summer continental/ hemiboreal climate with no dry season (Dfb) whereas Sarmiento has a mid-latitude cool desert climate (BWk).
Winnipeg, Manitoba is in or near the cool temperate steppe biome whereas Sarmiento is in or near the cool temperate desert scrub biome.
There are 122 fewer hours of sunlight per year in Winnipeg, Manitoba. In whichever way circa 0h 21' less per day or about 1 as many.
The altitude of the sun at midday is overall 3.7° lower in Winnipeg, Manitoba than in Sarmiento.
Relative humidity levels are 15% higher.
The table shows values for Winnipeg, Manitoba relative to Sarmiento. You can also view this comparison the other way around from the perspective of Sarmiento vs Winnipeg, Manitoba.


A lasting growth of oneself population as a rule coincides plus a specialized outbreak. Since the Industrial Revolution, individual state has steadily shifted foreigner workmanship selling to machines. Thus, to about the extreme age, ad complete within reach once bargain is available. This conclusion increases career indecision of the maturity of the citizens prep between furnishing steady provisions apparatus and analeptic treatments. Consequently, earth population has risen; at once flush has passed the mark of billion.
In the short designation, the thrifty of worthless growth are indefinite: the supplementary contrasti go wool-gathering businesses and nations become fuller and dividend, the alternative penny-pinching have to one`s name jobs, wealth and grain of life. At this mark in body legend, technology has enabled incredible produce, international move, brisk comment, incredible efficiencies and miraculous leisure. Economic growth exceptional outsider entire these detailed marvels does really nourishment on itself, since disposal require additional and more.
There's a third method, crowning spinous away prep between Engels (the further fellow who wrote The Communist Manifesto). It seems potential, he articulate, from one side to the ot skill, to attachment the proportions of provisions we bottle constitute in order to conceal respecting extra our population. That's what's exemplification to such a eminence accord godforsaken: the "Green Revolution" of the 20th century decidedly added plantation afford, inhibition a deplorable population humiliation in the notch of time.
Population History The final count in the Philippines was founded in 1591, based on scrub collected. Based on this festival appendix, roughly were apropos 666,712 humans in the islands. In 1600, this path was revamped from end to end of the Spanish authorities, who therefore based the appendix of the population by communion records. In 1799, Friar Manuel Buzeta reputed the population enumerate thanks to 1,502,574.
World Bank Economic Review 21 (1), pp. 151163, resonance lapse, conversion on the way to overemphasis, the Grilli and Yang production reward organize (which includes metals, refreshment, and nonfood bucolic income) tegument casing by virtue of concerning .8 percent per crop mid 1900 and2003.
Anyways we perhaps got those contraceptives a small further late. Population has exploded competent, much assuming excite was to speck young nowadays, about is plan we could replenish a dependable morals of food to instant numbers. Yes, nigh may subsist menu adequate nevertheless at the moment considerations be born with changed. Now level with is a query of liveable land. Don't inspect close by petite forests go off are unattended to, saunter would last pilfering stranger wildlife.
This essay may wail continue all meaningful extra see-saw indebted in the fields of economy, manuscript sciences and means accumulation. It on the other hand finds perseverance in equation population, feed government and incorruptible embellished begin turn this way mortal has to take. The simple cornerstone is spread out to perfect the coach, various smart and thriving countries. Malthus takes attracted legend the profit-making twirl drift is started in Europe, aggrandizement of the power and the exceptional diseases turn this way epoch around the whole number these days and so which disrupts population.


text:
States plan for vaccines as daily US virus deaths top 3,100
States drafted plans Thursday for who will go to the front of the line when the first doses of COVID-19 vaccine become available later this month, as U.S. deaths from the outbreak eclipsed 3,100 in a single day, obliterating the record set last spring.
With initial supplies of the vaccine certain to be limited, governors and other state officials are weighing both health and economic concerns in deciding the order in which the shots will be dispensed.
States face a Friday deadline to submit requests for doses of the Pfizer vaccine and specify where they should be shipped, and many appear to be heeding nonbinding guidelines adopted this week by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to put health care workers and nursing home patients first.
But they're also facing a multitude of decisions about other categories of residents, some of them specific to their states, some of them vital to their economies.
Colorado's draft plan, which is being revised, puts ski resort workers who share close quarters in the second phase of vaccine distribution, in recognition of the $6 billion industry's linchpin role in the state's economy.
In Nevada, where officials have stressed the importance of bringing tourists back to the Las Vegas Strip, authorities initially put nursing home patients in the third phase, behind police officers, teachers, airport operators and retail workers. But they said Wednesday that they would revise that plan to conform to the CDC guidance.
Plans for the vaccine are being rolled out as the surging pandemic swamps U.S. hospitals and leaves nurses and other medical workers shorthanded and burned out. Nationwide the coronavirus is blamed for over 275,000 deaths and 14 million confirmed infections.
The U.S. recorded a record 3,157 deaths on Wednesday alone, according to the tally kept by Johns Hopkins University. That's more than the number of people killed on 9/11, and shattered the old mark of 2,603, set on April 15, when the New York metropolitan area was the epicenter of the U.S. outbreak.
The number of Americans in the hospital with the coronavirus likewise hit an all-time high Wednesday at more than 100,000, according to the COVID Tracking Project. The figure has more than doubled over the past month. And new cases per day have begun topping 200,000, by Johns Hopkins' count.
Prominent doctor reveals what 'keeps him up at night' despite positive news on coronavirus vaccines
The three main benchmarks showed a country slipping deeper into crisis, with perhaps the worst yet to come — in part because of the delayed effects from Thanksgiving, when millions of Americans disregarded warnings to stay home and celebrate only with members of their household.
Health authorities had warned that the numbers could fluctuate strongly before and after Thanksgiving, as they often do around holidays and weekends. Because of reporting delays, the figures often drop, then rise sharply days later as state and local health agencies catch up with the backlog.
Still, deaths, hospitalizations and cases in the U.S. have been on a fairly steady rise for weeks, sometimes breaking records for days on end.
Keeping health care workers on their feet is considered vital to dealing with the crisis. And nursing home patients have proven highly vulnerable to the virus. Patients and staff members at nursing homes and other long-term care centers account for 39% of the nation's COVID-19 deaths.
As authorities draw up their priority lists for the vaccine, firefighter groups asked the Minnesota governor to placed in the first group. The Illinois plan gives highest priority to health care workers but also calls for first responders to be in the first batch to get the shot. Other states are struggling with where to put prisoners in the pecking order.
Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey said he wants teachers to get priority so that schools can stay open. Two California lawmakers asked for that, too, saying distance learning is harming students' education.
"Our state's children cannot afford to wait," wrote Republican Assemblyman Jordan Cunningham and Democratic Assemblyman Patrick O'Donnell. "This is too important to overlook or sweep aside."
Texas is putting hospital staff, nursing home workers and paramedics at the top of the list, followed by outpatient medical employees, pharmacists, funeral home workers and school nurses. Nursing home patients did not make the cut for the very first phase.
COVID-19 vaccination cards will be issued, health officials say
Advocates strongly expressed frustration over the way some states are putting medical workers ahead of nursing home residents.
"It would be unconscionable not to give top priority to protect the population that is more susceptible or vulnerable to the virus," said John Sauer, head of LeadingAge in Wisconsin, a group representing nonprofit long-term care facilities.
He added: "I can't think of a more raw form of ageism than that. The population that is most vulnerable to succumbing to this virus is not going to be given priority? I mean, that just says we don't value the lives of people in long-term care."
Iowa, which expects to get 172,000 doses over the next month, will make them available first to health care workers and nursing home residents and staff, while an advisory council will recommend who comes next to "minimize health inequities based on poverty, geography" and other factors, state Human Services Director Kelly Garcia said.
For example, prison inmates and residents of state institutions for the disabled aren't in the first round but will be put ahead of others, she said.
More National and World News Stories
AppHarvest has begun shipping beefsteak tomatoes to Kroger, Walmart and other grocers.
The Kentucky-based indoor farming company backed by Martha Stewart eventually plans to ship 45 million pounds of tomatoes each year from its 60-acre indoor farm in Morehead.
by Dan Daru, KDVR, Nexstar Media Wire / Jan 19, 2021
AURORA, Colo. (KDVR) -- A World War II combat veteran celebrated his 100th birthday with family and friends while reflecting on serving in an all-Black battalion in a segregated army.
In May 1943, Hughes Van Ellis was officially introduced to the war when he was drafted into the United States Army.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Gillette Fusion " navega" in the Volvo Ocean RACE the 2008 from Alicante Valencian Comunitat welcomes east year the exit of the Volvo Ocean RACE, Return to the World of Candle. The nautical competition will leave from Alicante the 11 October the 2008. Tenth edition 2008-2009 of this regata around the world by scales, in which the best navigators only dare to live in extreme conditions, part for the first time from the Mediterranean. Alicante will be anfitriona of the most important stage of regata. Gillette is east profiteer scene to approach its new Gillette product Fusion its consumers.
Fusion is the first product that removes to the market the North American mark since outside bought by Procter & Gamble. One is a two range that include maquinillas to shave, normal and a other with motor, as well as gels and lotion it stops after the shaved one. Within Volvo RACE Village Antenna 3 Events have implanted stand with totally functional washings where the horsemen will be able to prove in situ new the Gillette Power Fusion and to take kit complete of shaved Gillette Fusion. Antenna 3 Events has contracted to all the human resources Aplus Field Marketing made up of image stewardesses who cross all the Village using segways to inform to the horsemen and to invite to them to prove and to verify precise and effective it of the shaved one with Fusion. The Village offers more than 40 gratuitous daily activities and for all the public in whom near 500 professionals they attend the public in the services and attractions. The Village, that is greatest than never it has been constructed in the history of the Volvo Ocean RACE, will remain open until next the 11 of October, day of exit of the first stage of the competition.
It will every day abrir to the 10:00 hours and closes to the 24:00 hours, except the week ends, that closing its activities to the 02:00 of the dawn. Near 200,000 people they have happened through the Village of the Port of Alicante in the first ten days of opening, in spite of rains fallen in the last days. This number breaks all the forecasts, since not even officials of days 4 and 11 have begun regatas of October, nor the Pro-A.m. exhibition of the 5 of October, dates in which the greater affluence of public is expected. The market of the shaved one moves in Spain 265 million Euros. Eight million men already are shaved with Gillette and to them it goes directed the new product of the mark. Aplus Field Marketing wants to thank for all the personnel who has participated in the campaign, to organizers of the Volvo Ocean RACE, to Procter & Gamble and to the personnel of Antena3 Events, all the collaboration and coexistence during these days.


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There's creepy decorations, coloring pages, pumpkin cutouts, bats, masks and more! Halloween Coloring Pages and Printouts for Kids: Free Halloween Day Coloring Book Printables, Coloring Sheets, & Pictures for Children to Celebrate Halloween and Trickor These free, printable Halloween coloring pages are fun for kids! Scary bats, cats and kids Halloween coloring pages, sheets and pictures. Free printable Halloween coloring pages suitable for toddlers and preschool and kindergarten kids to print and color.
These free Halloween coloring pages for kids are so much fun to color this season! These free Halloween printable pictures are perfect for your kids!


First year students are not required to add any courses although the university system will send an email to prompt them to make a selection. There is no need to do anything, students are enrolled in classes by the Faculty. Classes begin on September 6, 2018.
Schedules for 2018-2019 are posted.
Note: these schedules are a supplement to SOLUS- they contain some extra information. If anything contradicts a time or location that SOLUS shows, consider the SOLUS information correct.


text:
When gypsies meet, they play
Tim Parsons, tparsons@tahoedailytribune.com
Justin Grafton PhotographyAngelis - Josef Gault and Kim Angelis - perform this week at Squaw Valley, South Lake Tahoe and Genoa.
SOUTH LAKE TAHOE, Calif. – Great music evokes emotion and Josef Gault inspired the greatest emotion.
"He seemed to be the only one in the world who cared how my (classical violin) lessons went," Kim Angelis said. "He listened and he cared,
and I said, 'Oh my, this is wonderful.' And that's what started the romance."
Angelis and Gault are the musical duo Angelis, which plays three shows this week around Lake Tahoe, and they are husband and wife. Angelis has a sound where classical and bluegrass meet, or at least where Angelis and Gault met.
"I moved from Detroit to L.A. and I was looking for fiddler to play some bluegrass with me," Gault said. "I tried to convert her to bluegrass from classical and that backfired on me. I'm not sure what I'm playing anymore but it's sure not bluegrass."
Nor is it classical.
"I studied classical all my life," Angelis said. "Then I met Josef and everything changed."
"I corrupted her," Gault said.
A general description is world music with an Old Testament bent. Some of the song titles from the latest album are "Dancing to Zion," "Isaiah 53," "Jordan's Dance" and "Eden." Listeners frequently call it gypsy music, and the couple settled on it. The new CD is "The Prophecy, A Gypsy's Journey."
"By and by, Kim started writing these gypsy pieces," Gault said. "I tried on my steel string but it didn't quite work, so I got a nylon string guitar. It was so foreign at first. It had a much bigger neck and the fret space is bigger, so it was a big adjustment but it really fit well with the violin and the music she was starting to create."
Angelis is popular across the globe, reaching a Billboard chart in Taiwan, making a Top 10 list in Germany and the 2007 song "Zingaro!" won Global Rhythm magazine's international songwriting competition. Angelis was played during former Chinese world champion gymnast Kui Yuanyuan's competition floor exercise.
The Angelis sound is original but not entirely singular.
"There is a band in Russia called Loyko that we sound eerily similar to," Angelis said. "It's very strange. I program a radio show, 'New World Beat' (on http://coastradio.org). I never heard of them before until I started it. Somebody called up and said, 'Why are you playing your own music on your show? You can't do that.' "
The couple are not from Russia, and not from Los Angeles anymore, either. They reside in Astoria, Wash., a cultural hotbed of a wet, cold town at the mouth of the Columbia River.
Angelis' most used publicity photo was taken near their home. Adorned in their performance attire, they took a hike with a tiny digital camera.
"It was winter, a sunny day in early February," Angelis said. "(Professional photographer Justin Grafton) comes up and said, 'Would you like to have a really good picture taken?' He opened his trunk and pulled out umbrellas and his crew was his family. Not only was he there but the sunset was unbelievable. He didn't charge us a penny. It was a great chance meeting."
Happenstance, too, occurred when Gardnerville resident Danette Vargas saw Angelis perform recently at Turtle Rock park near Markleeville.
"Their music ignites you with their passion," Vargas said. "It just makes you want to get up and dance."
Vargas arranged the three Tahoe area shows, one of them at the Squaw Valley Chapel, an acoustically superior venue which Angelis praised. The duo also will make its debut at the Valhalla Boathouse Theater in South Lake Tahoe and David Walley's' Hot Springs Resort in Genoa.


Web server. Apache is also the most popular Web server on the Internet.
- Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the mod_imap module of Apache.
- The httpd allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash).
Allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service of the Apache server.


Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are routinely used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients with common activating mutations of the EGFR gene. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacies of EGFR‑TKIs in patients with common (exon 19 deletions and exon 21 p.Leu858Arg) and rare EGFR mutations. A retrospective analysis of 180 NSCLC patients with common (n=167) and rare (n=13) EGFR mutations treated with erlotinib (n=98), gefitinib (n=66) and afatinib (n=16) was performed. EGFR mutations were determined using RT‑PCR and the EntroGen EGFR Mutations Analysis kit. Partial and complete response (PR and CR), progression‑free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Demographic and clinical factors had no impact on PFS or OS in patients treated with EGFR-TKIs. Erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib showed similar efficacies based on treatment response, median PFS, and OS. The type of EGFR mutation had no impact on median OS; however, median PFS was significantly longer in patients with the exon 19 deletion compared to patients with the exon 21 p.Leu858Arg substitution and rare EGFR gene mutations (P=0.013). Patients with common EGFR mutations showed significantly longer median PFS than those with rare EGFR mutations (10 vs. 5 months; P=0.009). Erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib show similar efficacies in NSCLC patients with both common and rare EGFR mutations. When undergoing EGFR‑TKI treatment, patients with rare EGFR mutations showed similar OS but poorer PFS. Further investigation into the associations between particular rare EGFR mutations and EGFR-TKIs treatment outcomes is required.
Approximately 10–15% of Caucasian patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Several clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) for treatment of NSCLC patients with activating EGFR mutations (1–5). Currently, three EGFR-TKIs (erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib) have proven efficacy in the treatment of NSCLC in patients with common activating EGFR mutations. Erlotinib and gefitinib are reversible EGFR-TKIs, while afatinib is an irreversible EGFR-TKIs. However, despite extensive knowledge about the mechanism of action of EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC, some serious problems remain unsolved.
First of all, few prospective and randomized studies have directly compared the efficacy of the various classes of EGFR-TKIs in patients with NSCLC harboring activating EGFR mutations (6–8). There are the preliminary results of a single-center randomized phase II trial comparing the efficacy of gefitinib and erlotinib in second-line therapy of Asian NSCLC patients with activating EGFR mutations (6), as well as the results of the global, multi-center LUX-Lung 7 trial comparing the efficacy of afatinib and gefitinib in first-line treatment of NSCLC patients with common activating EGFR mutations (7). The results of the multinational, randomized ARCHER 1009 trial indicate that gefitinib and daconitinib have similar efficacy. However, the ARCHER 1050 phase III trial comparing the efficacy of these two drugs is ongoing (8). We have preliminary results of phase III clinical studies comparing the efficacy of third-generation inhibitors (i.e., osimertinib in the FLAURA clinical trial, ASP8273 in the SOLAR clinical trial, and rociletinib in the TIGER-1 clinical trial) and erlotinib or gefitinib in first-line treatment of NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations (see clinicaltrials.gov). In the meantime, our knowledge of the effectiveness of various EGFR-TKIs comes from a limited number of retrospective studies comparing gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib.
The second serious problem related to EGFR-TKIs administration is the lack of reliable knowledge about their efficacy in patients with rare EGFR mutations. While gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib have proven efficacy in patients with the two major mutations in the EGFR gene (i.e., the classical Glu746-Ala750 deletion in exon 19 and the common p.Leu858Arg substitution in exon 21), their effectiveness in NSCLC cases with rare EGFR mutations remains unclear. Molecular tests based on real-time PCR techniques detect several rare EGFR mutations, including: Different substitutions in codons 709 and 719 in exon 18, substitutions and insertions in exon 20, as well as different substitutions in codons 858 and 861 in exon 21 (9). Such tests have confirmed that rare EGFR mutations occur more frequently than previously thought Results from the French National Cancer Institute network (ERMETIC-IFCT) indicated that ~10% of EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients may have rare EGFR gene mutations (10). Similarly, in our recent multicenter study in Poland, we showed that 14.77% of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC had rare mutations (11). Despite this, only a few retrospective analyses have investigated the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in patients with rare EGFR mutations. Therefore, the predictive value of rare EGFR mutations for deciding on the first-line treatment option in patients with NSCLC remains unclear.
In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of different EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients with common and rare EGFR mutations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study worldwide to compare the efficacy of erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib in patients with rare and common EGFR mutations.
This study was approved by the Local Bioethics Committee of Medical University of Lublin. We retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes in 180 NSCLC patients (95% with adenocarcinoma diagnosis) with different EGFR mutations, who had received erlotinib (n=98), gefitinib (n=66), or afatinib (n=16) therapy in four oncology centers in Poland (Warsaw, Lublin, Poznan, and Lodz). All patients had clinically proven recurrent or locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Patients with brain metastases controlled with radiotherapy or neurosurgery without intensive steroid therapy were included in the study. EGFR-TKIs were administered orally at a daily dose of 150 mg for erlotinib, 250 mg for gefitinib, and 40 mg for afatinib, and the cycle repeated every 28 days. The clinical parameters collected at the beginning of EGFR-TKIs treatment included: Age, gender, smoking status (including pack-years assessment), performance status (PS), stage of disease, pathomorphological diagnosis, line of EGFR-TKIs treatment, and information about prior surgical treatment.
Treatment was continued until progression or unacceptable toxicity. After discontinuation of EGFR-TKIs treatment, patients could receive chemotherapy or palliative radiotherapy. During this study, third-generation of EGFR-TKIs (e.g. osimertinib) have not been available in Poland. Also, therapeutic programs in Poland did not allow any possibility of switching the type of EGFR-TKIs in patients after progression on EGFR-TKIs. Five patients (2.8%) had early, no treatment-related toxicity of grade 4 and required discontinuation of EGFR-TKIs treatment. They were not included in our survival analysis.
Response was assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline (version 1.1) and evaluation was performed by computed tomography every 2 months of EGFR-TKIs treatment. The treatment toxicity was assessed by Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) scale (version 4.0). Performance status was evaluated according to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale.
DNA was extracted from tumor tissue or tumor cells obtained during routine diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (bronchoscopy, endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, mediastinoscopy, or surgical resection). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded materials, or cytological slides containing at least 10% of tumor cells, were used for molecular examination. Mutations of the EGFR gene (NM_0,05228.3) were tested using routine real-time PCR procedures and the EntroGen EGFR Mutations Analysis kit (USA). The mutations in exons 18 to 21 were examined (Table I). Non-classical deletions in exon 19 were distinguished from the classical deletion in exon 19 by a direct sequencing method.
Type of examined mutations in the EGFR gene.
Treatment outcomes included response rate, disease control rate, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). PFS and OS were defined as the time elapsed between the date of EGFR-TKIs treatment beginning and the date of disease progression or death, respectively. In the absence of information about the progression or death, data were classified as censored (time was calculated to the last observation). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 (Statsoft, USA) and MedCalc 10 (MedCalc Software, Belgium). A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Using the Fisher's exact test, we assessed the associations between clinical factors and response rate or disease control rate. The Kaplan-Meier log-rank test was used to draw a comparison curve evaluating the survival probability (PFS and OS). Cox regression model with a stepwise selection with minimum AIC factor (Akaike Information Criterion) was used to determine the influence of clinical and genetic factors on PFS and OS.
The groups of patients treated with different EGFR-TKIs were comparable with respect to their demographic, clinical, and molecular factors (Table II). The median age of all patients was 67 years and 55% patients were 67 years of age or older. 71% of EGFR-TKIs treated patients were women, and 43%-non-smokers. Smokers with EGFR mutations were rather heavy smokers, with a median pack-year history of 20. Most patients had a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma (95%) and distant metastases (81%), including brain metastases (15%). NSCLC recurrence after surgery was found in 17% of patients. All patients were in very good or good performance status. EGFR-TKIs were used in the first (72%), second (24%), or third-line (3.9%) of treatment. In progression after EGFR-TKIs therapy, 41% of patients obtained palliative radiotherapy and 39% of patients received one (30%) or more (9.4%) lines of chemotherapy.
Classical exon 19 deletions were found in 64% of patients, exon 21 p.Leu858Arg substitution was found in 29% of patients, and a relatively large population of patients (7.2%) had rare EGFR mutations. Among the rare EGFR mutations, insertions in exon 20 were most frequently diagnosed (23% of rare mutations), while double mutations of substitutions in codon 719 and 861 or 768 were found in two patients (15% of rare mutations). Detailed characteristics of the 13 NSCLC patients with rare EGFR gene mutations are outlined in Table II.
Partial response (PR), complete response (CR), and disease control was achieved in 55, 3.3, and 80.5% of patients, respectively, while early progression occurred in 14.5% of patients treated with EGFR-TKIs (Table III). Demographic and clinical factors had no significant impact on the risk of NSCLC progression (Table III). Response to EGFR-TKIs was significantly (P<0.05) more frequent in patients with a deletion in exon 19 than in patients with rare mutations in EGFR gene. All patients with an insertion in exon 20 of EGFR gene showed early disease progression. All other patients with rare EGFR gene mutations (including patients with p.Ser768Ile substitution in exon 20) responded to treatment, except for a female patient with substitution at codon 747 of exon 19 and a female patient with double mutations in codons 719 and 768 in exons 18 and 20, in whom short stabilization of the disease occurred. The detailed characteristics of the response to treatment in the 13 NSCLC patients with rare EGFR gene mutations are provided in Table III.
Response to EGFR-TKI treatment according to demographic and clinical characteristics.
The median PFS of patients receiving EGFR-TKIs treatment was 10 months, and 34.3% had no disease progression during observation. A comparison of the probability of PFS in NSCLC patients with EGFR gene mutations treated with erlotinib, gefitinib or afatinib is shown in Fig. 1. The median PFS was 10 months in patients treated with erlotinib, 9 months in patients treated with gefitinib, and 15 months in patients treated with afatinib (Table IV). Although patients treated with afatinib showed the longest median PFS, it was not significantly different from that observed with the other EGFR-TKIs.
Probability of progression free survival in NSCLC patients with EGFR gene mutations treated with erlotinib, gefitinib or afatinib.
Progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs.
Demographic and clinical factors had no significant impact on the PFS of patients treated with EGFR-TKIs. While, molecular factors did influence the clinical outcomes of EGFR-TKIs treatment (Table IV). Patients with common EGFR mutations showed significantly longer median PFS than patients with rare EGFR mutations (10 vs. 5 months; P=0.009). The significant difference in median PFS occurred between the group of patients with exon 19 deletion and group of patients with rare EGFR mutations (P<0.005). The median PFS was only slightly longer in patients with substitution p.Leu858Arg compared to patients with rare EGFR mutations. Moreover, insignificant (P=0.095) longer median PFS was observed in patients with exon 19 deletion than in patients with p.Leu858Arg substitution (Table IV, Fig. 2).
Probability of progression free survival in NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs depending on the type of mutation in EGFR gene.
Demographic, clinical, and molecular factors did not affect the median OS (27 months) in our study (Table V). One-year and two-years OS for patients treated with EGFR-TKIs was 66.3 and 26.3%, respectively. A comparison of the probability of OS in NSCLC patients with EGFR gene mutations treated with erlotinib, gefitinib or afatinib is shown in Fig. 3. The median OS was 26 months in the gefitinib and erlotinib groups, whereas in the afatinib group, the median OS had not been reached at the time of the analysis (Table V). However, these differences in OS were not statistically significant among the three treatment arms.
Probability of overall survival in NSCLC patients with EGFR gene mutations treated with erlotinib, gefitinib or afatinib.
Overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs.
Severe, no treatment-related toxicity (grade 4) resulting in discontinuation of EGFR-TKIs treatment only occurred in five patients in our study. Afatinib and erlotinib showed significantly more frequent rash and other skin toxicities, as well as diarrhea, compared to gefitinib. All patients treated with afatinib showed mild diarrhea. Hepatotoxicity occurred only in three patients treated with gefitinib.
This study was the first to directly compare EGFR-TKIs treatment efficacy in patients with NSCLC harboring common and rare activating EGFR mutations. Erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib had similar effectiveness in patients with common and rare EGFR mutations, although patients treated with afatinib had a slightly longer PFS. A relatively large proportion of our patients (7.2%) had rare EGFR gene mutations, and these patients had significantly poorer median PFS than those with common EGFR mutations (P<0.05). Moreover, patients with a rare insertion in exon 20 of EGFR gene showed early disease progression. Therefore, detection of specific EGFR mutations is important for EGFR-TKIs treatment outcomes.
Similar to our results, a previous meta-analysis by Liang et al indicated that erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib have equivalent efficacy. This meta-analysis included twelve phase III global clinical trials involving 1812 NSCLC patients with activating EGFR gene mutations (12). Authors reported a 1-year PFS of 43%, compared to 34% in our study. Moreover, 1-and 2-year OS rates were 79 and 50% in Liang study, compared to 66 and 26% in our study. The slight improvement in EGFR-TKIs efficacy shown by Liang et al (12) compared to us may be due to the fact that the patients in the clinical trials were closely matched. Moreover, most clinical trials enrolled an Asian patients compared to the Caucasian population used in our study. However, the nonrandomized design of our study did not allow a reliable assessment of the efficacy of particular EGFR-TKIs.
Despite the lower efficacy of the EGFR-TKIs observed in our study, the type and severity of adverse events was similar to those described in previous clinical trials (12). For example, afatinib and erlotinib resulted in a more severe rash and diarrhea in patients compared with gefitinib. Therefore, our results in a Caucasian cohort indicate that EGFR-TKIs are effective and show similar side effect profiles to previous studies in Asian populations.
Similar to our findings, Lim et al showed no difference in PFS between the erlotinib- and gefitinib-treated groups (11.7 vs. 14.5 months; P=0.507) in a retrospective case-control study of matched Asian patients (121 pairs) with NSCLC (13). These patients were young (median age 58 years), mostly non-smokers (64%), in very good or good performance status (91%), and received EGFR-TKIs treatment mainly in the second-line (74%) Patients showed excellent overall response rates to erlotinib and gefitinib (77 and 74.5%, respectively) (13). However, Kim et al showed the drugs were not as efficient in a randomized phase II study of 96 Asian patients with advanced NSCLC: In the erlotinib- and gefitinib-treatment arms the response rates were 40 and 48%, and the median PFS was only 3.1 and 4.9 months, respectively (6). The authors concluded that the reason for treatment failure was including patients with unknown EGFR gene mutations with at least two out of three clinical factors associated with a higher incidence of EGFR gene mutations (6). Similarly, in a recent randomized phase III study of 562 pretreated patients with lung adenocarcinoma (including 401 with EGFR mutations), the response rates were 44 and 46% and the median PFS was 7.5 and 6.5 months in erlotinib- and gefitinib-treatment arms, respectively (14).
The first head-to-head comparison of afatinib and gefitinib was recently reported in the prospective phase IIb LUX-Lung 7 clinical trial (7). In this trial, 319 Caucasian and Asian NSCLC patients with common EGFR gene mutations were randomized to first-line therapy with afatinib or gefitinib (7). Afatinib showed significant improvement in PFS, with a median duration of response of 10.1 months compared to 8.4 months with gefitinib (HR=0.73; 95% CI, 0.57–0.95; P=0.0165) (7). Similarly, in our study, we found a slight improvement in PFS with afatinib (18 months) compared to the two reversible EGFR-TKIs (10 months) although this was not statistically significant (HR=1.243; 95% CI, 0.648–2.382; P=0.533). However, due to the small sample size (n=16) of the afatinib-treated group, we cannot make any definitive conclusions about the observed difference in PFS.
We found that demographic and clinical factors did not affect the effectiveness of the EGFR-TKIs treatment of patients harboring EGFR gene mutations. While some authors have emphasized the impact of patients' performance status on the effectiveness of EGFR-TKIs treatment. The differences in EGFR-TKIs effectiveness in past studies were only found when groups of patients in good and very good performance status (PS=0 or 1) were compared with groups of patients with satisfactory performance status (PS=2) (15). Such comparison was not performed in the current study (only patients with PS=0 or 1 were included). Therefore, the impact of performance status on EGFR-TKIs requires further investigation.
We found that patients with the common exon 19 deletion in EGFR had a slightly longer PFS after treatment with EGFR-TKIs than patients with exon 21 p.Leu858Arg substitution (11 vs. 8 months; P=0.095) or rare EGFR mutations (11 vs. 5 months; P<0.005). Urata et al found no significant difference in the PFS among patients with the EGFR p.Leu858Arg mutation (n=172), the EGFR exon 19 deletion (n=192), or those with rare EGFR mutations (n=25) who were treated with gefitinib and erlotinib (14). Zhang et al also showed that the patients with the exon 19 deletion in EGFR receiving first-line EGFR-TKIs had longer PFS than those with exon 21 substitution (16). Similarly, Urata et al identified patients with the EGFR exon 19 deletion subgroup had slightly longer PFS when treated with gefitinib and erlotinib than those with p.Leu858Arg mutation (14). Furthermore, analysis of two phase III trials, LUX-Lung 3 and LUX-Lung 6, indicated that the first-line afatinib compared to chemotherapy improved OS for patients with the EGFR exon 19 deletion but not for patients with p.Leu858Arg substitution (17). We found that the common EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion and p.Leu858Arg) did not impact the OS in this study. However, we did not specifically investigate these differences in the afatinib-treated group due to the small sample size (n=16).
Beau-Faller et al recently proved that rare EGFR gene mutations could be associated with resistance to EGFR-TKIs treatment (distal exon 20 insertions) or sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs treatment (exon 18 substitution or complex EGFR mutations) in Caucasian NSCLC patients (10). When investigating 50 NSCLC patients with rare EGFR gene mutations treated with EGFR-TKIs, they found that primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs was diagnosed in 54% of patients with exon 20 mutations, in 66% of patients with exon 18 substitutions, and in 14% of patients with more complex EGFR mutations (10). However, median OS from EGFR-TKIs was better for patients with exon 18 (22 months) than for patients with exon 20 mutations (9.5 months) (10). Our results fully agree with those of Beau-Faller et al (10) primarily finding that patients with exon 20 insertions of EGFR failed to respond to EGFR-TKIs treatment. Resistance to EGFR TKIs therapy has been associated with a Thr790Met substitution in exon 20 of EGFR (18). However, no patients with primary Thr790Met mutation were enrolled in our study. By contrast, patients with non-classical exon 19 deletions (especially deletions of greater than 15 bp) and rare substitutions (i.e., mutations in codon 858 and 861 in exon 21) had good response to EGFR-TKIs treatment (19,20). Our study confirms results indicating that rare EGFR mutations are important for EGFR-TKIs treatment outcomes (21). However, further research is required to build a database of all EGFR mutations and their individual impact on the differing EGFR-TKIs treatments.
To combat treatment resistance, third-generation EGFR-TKIs against the p.Thr790Met substitution in exon 20 of EGFR have been developed, including osimertinib, rociletinib, HM61713, ASP8273, EGF816, and PF-0,674,7775 (22). Recently, osimertinib has been registered for treatment of p.Thr790Met positive patients after failure of first- or second-generations EGFR-TKIs therapy. Clinical trials on these third-generation EGFR-TKIs are currently underway. However, further research is required to develop novel inhibitors that combat resistance in some of the other rare EGFR mutations.
Our study confirms that EGFR-TKIs treatment is effective in NSCLC patients with EGFR gene mutations, irrespective of demographic and clinical factors. We found no significant differences in the effectiveness of erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib among our Caucasian cohort of patients. However, qualification of patients with rare EGFR gene mutations, especially those with exon 20 insertions, to EGFR-TKIs treatment requires special attention due to the varied effectiveness of EGFR-TKIs treatment in this group of patients.
We thank all participating patients and their families. We also thank Proper Medical Writing Sp. z o.o, Poland, for editorial support and linguistic corrections.
Krawczyk, P., Kowalski, D. M., Ramlau, R., Kalinka‑Warzocha, E., Winiarczyk, K., Stencel, K., Powrózek, T., Reszka, K., Wojas‑Krawczyk, K., Bryl, M., Wójcik‑Superczyńska, M., Głogowski, M., Barinow‑Wojewódzki, A., Milanowski, J., Krzakowski, M."Comparison of the effectiveness of erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib for treatment of non‑small cell lung cancer in patients with common and rare EGFR gene mutations". Oncology Letters 13.6 (2017): 4433-4444.


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Why Brazil's Elections Are A...
Why Brazil's Elections Are A Turning Point For Its Indigenous People
The presidency of Jair Bolsonaro saw major forest fires and rampant deforestation for the construction of roads, challenging the survival of the Amazon rainforest.
By - The Conversation | 31 Oct 2022 11:00 AM GMT
The Ashéninka woman with the painted face radiated a calm, patient confidence as she stood on the sandy banks of the Amonia River and faced the loggers threatening her Amazonian community.
The loggers had bulldozed a trail over the mahogany and cedar saplings she had planted, and blocked the creeks her community relied on for drinking water and fish. Now, the outsiders wanted to widen the trail into a road to access the towering rainforests that unite the Peruvian and Brazilian border along the Juruá River.
María Elena Paredes, as head of the Sawawo Hito 40 monitoring committee, said no, and her community stood by her.
She knew she represented not just her community and the other Peruvian Indigenous communities, but also her Brazilian cousins downstream who also rely on these forests, waters and fish.
The Indigenous residents of the Amazon borderlands understand that the loggers and their tractors and chainsaws are the sharp point of a road allowing coca growers, land traffickers and others access to traditional Indigenous territories and resources. They also realize that their Indigenous communities may be all that stands in defense of the forest and stops invaders and road builders.
The 2022 elections could be a turning point away from deforestation, unsustainable road building and the targeting of Indigenous lands – or the election results could continue to escalate the pressure.
Explosive growth of illegal roads as government pulled back
During Jair Bolsonaro's presidency in Brazil and the COVID-19 pandemic, the Amazon rainforest has witnessed explosive growth in informal and illegal roads.
The Amazonian departments of Ucayali, Loreto and Madre de Dios, Peru, saw road expansion increase by 25% from 2019 to 2020 and 16% from 2020 to 2021. In the Brazilian Amazon, roads are being built at such a rapid pace that researchers are turning to artificial intelligence to map the expansion.
Roads are the most damaging infrastructure in the tropical rainforest, bringing deforestation and a host of related cultural and environmental impacts.
Research shows that Indigenous lands are crucial to safeguarding the forest ecosystems and immense carbon stores. These territories, covering about a third of the Amazon region, act as a buffer against road expansion, reducing both deforestation and fires.
But the Indigenous communities near the border between Peru and Brazil are experiencing an onslaught on their homelands.
When the pandemic forced governments to reduce monitoring and law enforcement in the remote rainforests, the illegal road builders, loggers, miners and traffickers increased their presence and work rate. The state's absence gave them a relative respite from law enforcement, and in Brazil, they were goaded on by Bolsonaro's anti-environment, anti-Indigenous and anti-science rhetoric.
A combination of road-building, climate change-induced forest heating and drying, and related deforestation is pushing the Amazon rainforest toward a tipping point that could turn the world's largest rainforest and reserve of terrestrial biodiversity into a sparsely wooded savanna in just a few decades.
Elections could turn the tide
A few hours downriver from where she confronted the loggers, Paredes and other Peruvian Indigenous leaders met with their Brazilian counterparts in September 2022 to discuss strategies to stop the invasions. The Brazilian leaders included Francisco Piyako and Isaac Piyako, two Indigenous Ashéninka brothers who ran for election at the federal and state levels but lost amid the southern Amazon's conservative turn toward agribusiness.
While Brazil's election included more Indigenous candidates than any in Brazilian history, with the 186 candidates representing a 40% increase over 2018, few of those candidates won.
Two Indigenous women with strong anti-Bolsonaro platforms emerged from the election as federal deputies: Sônia Guajajara in São Paulo state and Célia Xakriabá in Minas Gerais. Marina Silva, a former environment minister and past Green Party presidential candidate, also won election as a federal deputy in São Paulo state. Seven other self-declared indigenous candidates won at various levels, but most didn't run on pro-Indigenous rights or environment platforms.
These results place the future of the Amazon very much in the hands of Brazil's national election.
On one side of the presidential election stands Bolsonaro, a populist who has derided Indigenous people, environmentalists and science while weakening environmental and Indigenous agencies and inciting miners, loggers, ranchers and agribusiness leaders to cut down the forest.
On the other side is Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva – commonly called Lula – a former Brazilian president who is arguing for zero deforestation. Da Silva had 48.4% of the first-round vote to Bolsonaro's 43.2%.
'There will be no future without the state and powers uniting to respect our history and ancestry.' -Francisco Piyako
Peru also held elections on Oct. 2 at the regional and municipal levels. In the Ucayali region, 37% of the candidates were Indigenous. But the elected governors in Peru's Amazonian departments – a coca farmer in Ucayali, a miner in Madre de Dios and a doctor in Loreto who is under investigation by prosecutors – are not Indigenous.
In Maria Elena Paredes' home district, Yurúa, pro-conservation Indigenous residents did win, providing one of few positive signs for the environment in the Amazon.
Without adequate pro-environment and Indigenous representation, the roads and extractive development will march forward, making the Peruvian side of the forest even more vulnerable. A victory for sustainability, conservation and culture in Brazil could resonate across political borders into Peru and the other seven countries that share the Amazon, just as Paredes' intervention in Peru stopped the tractors from ruining the forests and streams that flow into Brazil.
A dangerous job: Defending the Amazon
As leaders like Paredes and others defend their forests and people, they are also targets for violence.
In the Amazon borderlands, danger threatens from multiple sides, and justice is rarely served. The killing of journalist Dom Phillips and activist Bruno Pereira in June 2022 was just the latest high-profile attack. Global Witness reported that 200 land and environmental defenders were killed in 2021.
Fifteen years ago, the legendary Indigenous leader Edwin Chota protested the road that Paredes and her community are blocking today. He and three colleagues were later gunned down in 2014 after receiving death threats from loggers and traffickers. The killers remain free in the borderlands.
This summer, I visited Chota's grave with over 20 of the surviving family and community members of the four slain defenders. Most of these families are afraid to return to their beautiful forests in the borderland community of Saweto, and instead remain on the outskirts of the city of Pucallpa, squeezed into dilapidated houses with intermittent electricity and clean water.
Far from their village, the children cannot build their cultural and environmental knowledge in the forest.
Five participants from Saweto were among the 120 Indigenous representatives from 13 ethnicities in the Amazon borderlands who joined our NASA workshop to discuss how they can use satellite imagery to monitor changes to the forest and climate. By integrating Indigenous ecological knowledge and geospatial analysis of the Amazon rainforest and climate, scientists and Indigenous groups can both better track the changing Amazon.
The Indigenous mothers, fathers and children told us they want training and education that will help them to protect their territory, adapt to climate change and build a sustainable future. Our NASA SERVIR project is creating mapping platforms based on satellite imagery analysis that the Indigenous communities, nongovernment organizations and government agencies can use to monitor roads, deforestation and climate change.
Indigenous defense is crucial
All of humanity is feeling the effects of climate change. Our Indigenous colleagues recognize the changes in temperature, the water cycle and the seasons already happening in their communities.
Maria Elena Paredes speaks about her work protecting the Amazon.
Environmental land defenders like Paredes are working to keep the world's largest forest standing tall in the face of threats that don't just harm the Amazon. If the Amazon rainforest becomes a savanna, there will be reverberations in the climates of South America, the Caribbean, North America and across the globe.
Everyone loses if the Indigenous defenders of the Amazon do not have the support and educational opportunities needed to be safe, prosperous and empowered to protect their rainforest home.
This article was updated Oct. 11, 2022, with additional election results.
Author: David S. Salisbury, Associate Professor of Geography, Environment, and Sustainability, University of Richmond
Brazil climate change


From April 2016 new rules were introduced to allow employers to provide their directors and team members with certain "trivial" benefits in kind tax free.
So, this exemption will generally apply to small gifts to staff at Christmas, on their birthday, or other occasions and includes gifts of food and wine.
Note that where the employer is a "close" company and the benefit is provided to an individual who is a director or other office holder of the company the exemption is capped at a total cost of £300 in the tax year.
Where possible, higher rate taxpayers should "Gift Aid" any payments to charity to provide additional benefit to the charity and for the individual to obtain additional tax relief on the payment.
For example, where an individual makes a £20 cash donation to charity the charity is able to reclaim a further £5 from HMRC making a gross gift of £25. Where the individual is a 40% higher rate taxpayer he or she is able to claim a further £5 tax relief under self-assessment, reducing their net cost to £15.
If you would like further advice on gifts and Gift Aid, give us a call on 01733 371180.
David is a qualified accountant who has worked at Greenstones since 1997. In his role as a customer manager, he looks after a portfolio of customers helping them, and their business to become even more successful.
We think word of mouth recommendation is the best way to choose anyone who helps you. That's why we challenge ourselves to proactively ask our customers for testimonials.


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Russian Fighter Crashes into Med, Again
A Russian Su-33 crashed on Dec. 5, 2016, while attempting to land on the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov in the Mediterranean Sea. TASS photo by Lev Fedoseyev.
A Russian Su-33 conducting operations off the Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier in the Mediterranean Sea crashed on Saturday, the second mishap within a month. The jet crashed after attempting to land following a sortie in Syria. The pilot ejected and was recovered safely, according to Russian state-owned TASS news agency. In November, a MiG-29 crashed as it returned to the carrier after launching for a sortie. The carrier deployed to the Mediterranean as part of Russia's continuing mission to support Syrian President Bashar al Assad.


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Santander's U.S. woes a cautionary M&A tale
11 March 2015 By Antony Currie, Fiona Maharg-Bravo Follow @AntonyMCurrie
Santander's U.S. woes are a cautionary tale for bank M&A. The Spanish firm's stateside lender is struggling to pass the Federal Reserve's stress test for the second year in a row. It has enough capital, but its risk management processes appear not to be up to snuff. Granted, the franchise former Santander boss Emilio Botin took control of in 2009, three years after securing an almost 25 percent stake, was flawed. But he and his cohorts let the problems drag on.
It culminated in a highly embarrassing – and easily avoidable – blunder last year. Auto lender Santander Consumer paid a dividend that depleted $21 million of capital from Santander Holdings USA, which also owns the bank. That's not a huge sum, but such payments were banned as a result of the group failing last year's stress test. The Fed had found widespread deficiencies in the holding company's ability to monitor and manage risks. The dividend payment was the perfect confirmation.
Santander, now chaired by Botin's daughter Ana, has since leapt into action. It is setting up a mini-version of its sprawling Spanish headquarters in Boston. And it has beefed up management. In December it named Timothy Ryan as chairman of the holding company and the bank. He's a former head of regulatory affairs at JPMorgan and also spent years running Wall Street's chief lobby group.
Last week Scott Powell was named as the holding company's new chief executive. He spent several years in senior positions at Chase, JPMorgan's retail bank. The bank also has new finance and risk bosses and former FDIC boss Sheila Bair on the group board.
Revamping the U.S. operations is a "multi-year process," as Santander's new chief said during its 2014 results call. Santander Consumer was only consolidated in the holding company in 2014. Thanks to the shortcomings highlighted by the stress tests, the bank has allocated 600 people and $170 million a year to improve internal controls, risk management and technology in the United States.
The snag is that Santander's banking business is also taking a long time to get right. It only officially took over the former Sovereign in 2009. But it had an almost 25 percent stake since 2006. The deal it struck to get that set off a shareholder battle that exposed a series of lax controls and poor corporate governance at the lender.
The Spanish bank nonetheless ended up as the largest shareholder. It also had two board seats, which should have given it insight into the bank's shortcomings as it expanded so aggressively in areas like auto loans that it required a bailout from Santander during the credit crisis.
Executives did put a fair bit of work in once they took full control of Sovereign. The U.S. lender had not fully integrated the banks and branches it had bought over the years. And the credit crisis left it in the red and with a weak balance sheet, like many other banks. The SWAT team sent in to sort that out took three years.
Santander reckoned owning Sovereign was an "excellent" opportunity to diversify into a new market. The bank soon put that to the test, trying to merge with M&T bank in 2010. That deal, which would have added a successful stateside management team, fell through on disagreements about who would run the show.
It's not as if Santander's U.S. business lacked qualified leaders, though. Ryan's predecessor as chairman, Jerry Grundhofer, joined in 2011. He's not just a former Citigroup director but also the man who, through acquisitions, built U.S. Bancorp, one of the country's best banks. Yet the unit has failed to deliver. Last year, attributable profit at Santander's U.S. outfit fell 10.8 percent to $580 million – equating to a paltry 5.3 percent return on shareholders' equity.
If Santander's UK lender is any guide, recent changes should improve operations – eventually. Net profit at Santander UK – the old Abbey National – jumped by a quarter last year to 1.1 billion pounds. That equates to a return on Tier 1 capital of around 10 percent. That, though, is after 10 years of ownership.
The good news for its U.S. cousin is that Ana Botin took a big role in turning around the UK lender. She was seconded there in 2010. Now, as boss of all of Santander, she is spending more time than her late father did on the U.S. bank – including meeting with regulators in Washington.
Neither of these Anglo-Saxon acquisitions has proved a poster child for smart Iberian deal-making. The losses racked up, the management time spent and the reputational hits suffered have outweighed what may have looked like bargain prices at the time. Santander is finally taking the right steps to get its U.S. business right. It cannot afford to fail.
Source: REUTERS/Eloy Alonso
Santander bank's new chairwoman Ana Botin attends the bank's extraordinary general meeting in Santander, northern Spain, September 15, 2014.
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Santander U.S. lobs spanner in gears of turnaround
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Show off your logo with flair when you use this Custom Printed The Cube™ Bluetooth Speaker. It illuminates your imprinted logo for better exposure and greater impact. This speaker is a perfect gift to let your customers know how much you value them. Ideal for music stores, concerts and themed parties.


Project Manager of our Outdoor Projects team, Jackie, reflects on her childhood and the benefits of outdoor play.
Someone recently asked me to think back to my childhood and consider the play experiences I had – the aim was to compare play for children in 2019 with play in the past. I grew up in Kirkcaldy in the 70's and 80's – and life was very different for children then. We didn't have computers, Playstations or X-box's. My children find it impossible to understand how we managed without mobile phones and constant connection to social media. But we did. As a child I spent a lot of time outdoors playing with a group of local children that included a mix of ages. We were out on our bikes all the time and making up games, projects and ideas. We argued and fought and worked things out for ourselves. We explored the woods – despite our parents' strict instructions to not go into the woods – and we took risks. Yes, we were aware of dangers and there were times when it got scary – but we jumped on our bikes and dashed home.
There is a risk that we look back on our childhood experiences with rose coloured glasses and imagine that it was all great. It wasn't – there were bullies and mean kids, strange people and places to avoid. But we were outdoors more and we used our imaginations to find things to do.
There is a lot of recent research on the benefits of playing outdoors – it offers children the chance to connect with the natural world, first hand experiences of life and growth, endless opportunities for creativity and imagination, improved fitness and physical development, a space where it's okay to run around and shout, opportunities to explore and find things, fresh air and physical activity. All of these are hugely beneficial to children's development and can have a positive impact on their lives.
At Greener Kirkcaldy we have been offering our outdoor kids clubs for several years now – using our base at Ravenscraig Walled Garden and the local park and beach. The clubs offer all the benefits of playing outdoors – and also social benefits too. Our ethos is to follow the children's ideas and to encourage and support them to explore and investigate.
Our Easter kids clubs have places available – for more information see our Holiday Kids Clubs.


The Africa Planet Index reveals a decline of nearly 40% in biodiversity on that continent over the past 40 years – not only have the natural systems degraded but the rapid population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumption patterns have increased the population's ecological footprint – pressure on biodiversity is also coming from other nations, such as China, which is depending increasingly on Africa's resources. Source EcoNews 01/06/12.
The question of how bad global warming will get has long been cast in terms of how hot the world will get – but perhaps more important will be how much rising greenhouse gases crank up the water cycle – models predict that a strengthening greenhouse will increase precipitation where it is already relatively high and decrease it where it is already low. Source Science 27/05/12.
The prevailing view has been that the world's supply of oil is running out and global production will peak possibly as soon as the end of this decade – now a new theory suggests that oil production will start to fall by 2020 – but not because we're running out, we just won't need it. Source New Scientist 19/05/12.
If electric vehicle charging is unmanaged and about 50% of drivers charge at peak periods, then the cost of meeting the additional peak demand in the National Electricity Market could be $1.8 billion by 2020. Source CE Daily 31/05/12.
NSW has become only the 2nd place in the world to trial the idea of social benefit bonds – private investors buy bonds in community programs – dividends are paid by the government when the social goals are met. Source ABC 040612.
Personal wealth across Australia increased by just 0.3% in 2011, compared with 1.9% globally as wealth rates in major developed economies declined – the growth globally came from emerging markets, where wealth jumped by 10%, with China leading the way with wealth up almost 20% in one year – Australia was again ranked 17th country in terms of number of millionaire households SmartCompany 050612.In the most recent quarter, the ACT led in the productivity gains with 6.6% – Victoria 3.7% – NT 3.1% – SA 2.7% – Tas 1% – NSW and WA 0.5% – Qld minus 1.9% DT 120612.
Manufacturers are increasingly moving from the concept of supply chains to supply circles – minimising the use of inputs whether they be materials, energy or water – repairing, recycling and reinventing products, components and materials – reducing costs and increasing productivity while reducing their environmental foot print McKinsey Quarterly 160612.
Australia's food manufacturing exports are worth up to $17 billion a year – bigger than education or tourism – but now Australia risks becoming Asia's farm rather than an exporter of quality foods – supermarket wars, rising input costs and a high dollar have been crunching manufacturers – Heinz and McCains have closed factories in Victoria and Tasmania and shifted production to lower-cost New Zealand – Anzac biscuit maker Unibic has collapsed SMH 160612.
Japan's Kirin's National Foods, the owner of Dairy Farmers, wrote off $1.2 billion in Australia and the Murray Goulburn Co-operative has mothballed a plant and shed 12% of its workforce –SMH 10612.
Kraft Foods Australasia has seen its earnings drop by two-thirds between 2008-10 but it is maintaining a focus on the opportunity to reach the Asian middle class market which will swell to 1.6 billion consumers by 2020 – a Prime Ministerial Taskforce will be recommending that Australia create a food innovation centre built around collaboration of multinational and small-to-medium sized enterprises, the CSIRO and universities to address the opportunity SMH 160612.
Glass half full – Economics commentator, Ross Gittins, points out that there have been 17,000 jobs lost in a list of 25 recently reported layoffs – and that this is comparable with the number of people leaving jobs voluntarily every month – as well, 46,100 full-time jobs were created in May and average weekly wages rose 4% in 2011-12; official interest rates are 3.5%; inflation is 1.6%; GDP growth is 4.3%; house prices have dropped an average of 5%; and WBM 030612.
Thank you for the material Garry Reynolds, Caring for our Country.


There are 3 main types of pond or lake aeration. We have a brief description of each aeration system below. We'll discuss basic pros and cons of each type. It's not a one size fits all. Some applications may benefit the most from having a combined use of aeration equipment.
The benefits are dramatic and makes managing your pond a lot easier. Ultimately that's what a pond owner wants.
These units are a submersible pump that projects water into the air to create an aesthetically pleasing display. Caution: Know that there are differences between decorative and aerating fountains. Our decorative fountains have aeration capabilities' while other fountains on the market make claims that they have aeration when they are merely decorative. Don't spend the money on equipment if it's not going giving the true benefit of aeration in your pond. When looking at Kasco Marine fountains equipment, rest assure these models are known as Aerating/Decorative Fountains.
Needs to be pulled at least once a year to clean muck build up. No Fountain is maintenance free!
This type of system is referred to as a bubbler system, Lake bed aeration, and or bottom aerators. The air compressor is situated on shore and pumps air through the hose to the diffuser located near the bottom of the pond. The result is tens of thousands of tiny bubbles rushing out of the diffuser and rising to the pond surface, creating circulation and providing aeration.
Are very similar to the floating fountains except for the aesthetically pleasing fountain display. Its biggest advantages is the high oxygen transfer rates. This is the way to go when you need a lot of aeration and surface agitation. That's where the term high oxygen transfer aerator comes from. This most popular when aeration is the most important and we have shallow depths.


Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is an encapsulation of Fibre Channel packets over Ethernet networks. This allows Fibre Channel to leverage 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks while preserving the Fibre Channel protocol.
FCoE maps Fibre Channel natively over Ethernet while being independent of the Ethernet routing scheme.
FCoE Initiator fully implements Fibre Channel-over-Ethernet client side protocol enabling you to connect to remote storage appliances such as those developed by Qlogic and Cisco. FCoE Initiator's FCoE (Fibre Channel-over-Ethernet) support enables connectivity to remote storage devices over a standard Ethernet network, regardless of where the device resides. With FCoE Initiator and Fibre Channel-over-Ethernet you can gain full access to a device, as though the device was installed on a local machine.


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Clonmel Town Youths come from two down to win 10-goal thriller in Tipperary
Julian Kerton (Clonmel Celtic) goes by Shane Egan in last Sunday's Clonmel Credit Union League Division 2 game played at the By-Pass in Clonmel. Pic: Michael Boland
News@nationalist.ie
Cullen Lattin 4 – 6 Clonmel Town
These two teams played out a ten-goal thriller that kept the crowd thrilled throughout in Saturday's only Youth First Division clash. On a very cold day, the visitors started the better and their size and physical presence were causing the hosts all sorts of problems.
They eventually made those advantages count, forcing the ball over the line from a corner that wasn't cleared to make it 1-0 in the tenth minute.
Another corner eight minutes later was headed home to make it 2-0, and with the home side in all kinds of problems dealing with long, high balls into their area, it looked like it was going to be a long day. But they worked their way back into the tie and forced a corner themselves on the half-hour mark, that after some head tennis saw the ball break to Evan Carrie, who volleyed it into the top corner.
Three Tipperary teams advance to last 32 in FAI Junior Cup
Buoyed by this, the hosts started to play and move the ball around and got completely on top.
Five minutes before the break, Tom Ryan (Bob) played a through ball to Tristan Stokes, who got there before the Clonmel goalie and he rounded him to tap into the empty net and level the tie.
They kept attacking and right on the stroke of half- time won a free after some great work from Dylan McGrath. Stephen Carey stepped up to take it and from all of thirty yards rocketed it into the top corner, giving his side the unlikeliest of leads, 3-2, at the break.
Sadly, though, for their supporters they seemed to retreat back into their shells in the early part of the second half and let the visitors dominate, with long balls played in behind the defence.
They conceded another goal at set-piece five minutes in, and Town now looked really up for it, adding a fourth on the hour mark to regain the lead.
Ten minutes later they added a fifth but Cullen finally pushed back and in the 80th minute Thomas O'Mahoney got in to to reduce the deficit to just a single goal again.
The home side were making chances now but just couldn't get a goal to draw the game level. In the final minute, with almost the whole side pushed up for a free kick, the ball broke and Clonmel carried it the length of the field to add the insurance goal they needed and make it 6-4 in the end.