text:
var _ = require('lodash');

describe('Inherited Auth', function () {
    var testrun,
        runOptions = {
            collection: {
                item: {
                    name: 'BasicAuth Request',
                    request: {
                        url: 'https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth'
                    }
                }
            }
        };

    describe('in request level', function () {
        before(function (done) {
            var clonedRunOptions = _.merge({}, runOptions,
                {
                    collection: {
                        item: {
                            request: {
                                auth: {
                                    type: 'digest',
                                    digest: {
                                        username: '{{uname}}',
                                        password: '{{pass}}'
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    environment: {
                        values: [{
                            key: 'uname',
                            value: 'postman'
                        }, {
                            key: 'pass',
                            value: 'password'
                        }]
                    }
                }
            );

            // perform the collection run
            this.run(clonedRunOptions, function (err, results) {
                testrun = results;
                done(err);
            });
        });

        it('must have completed the run', function () {
            expect(testrun).be.ok();
            expect(testrun.done.callCount).to.be(1);
            testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0] && console.error(testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0].stack);
            expect(testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0]).to.be(null);
            expect(testrun.start.callCount).to.be(1);
        });

        it('must have sent the request twice', function () {
            expect(testrun.request.callCount).to.be(2);

            var err = testrun.request.firstCall.args[0],
                request = testrun.request.firstCall.args[3],
                response1 = testrun.request.firstCall.args[2],
                response2 = testrun.request.secondCall.args[2];

            expect(err).to.be(null);
            expect(request.url.toString()).to.be('https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth');
            expect(response1.code).to.be(401);
            expect(response2.code).to.be(200);
        });
    });

    describe('in itemGroup level', function () {
        before(function (done) {
            var clonedRunOptions = _.merge({}, runOptions,
                {
                    collection: {
                        item: [{
                            name: 'F1',
                            auth: {
                                type: 'digest',
                                digest: {
                                    username: '{{uname}}',
                                    password: '{{pass}}'
                                }
                            },
                            item: [{
                                name: 'digestAuth Request 1',
                                request: {
                                    url: 'https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth'
                                }
                            }, {
                                name: 'digestAuth Request 2',
                                request: {
                                    url: 'https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth'
                                }
                            }]
                        }]
                    },
                    environment: {
                        values: [{
                            key: 'uname',
                            value: 'postman'
                        }, {
                            key: 'pass',
                            value: 'password'
                        }]
                    }
                }
            );

            // perform the collection run
            this.run(clonedRunOptions, function (err, results) {
                testrun = results;
                done(err);
            });
        });

        it('must have completed the run', function () {
            expect(testrun).be.ok();
            expect(testrun.done.callCount).to.be(1);
            testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0] && console.error(testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0].stack);
            expect(testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0]).to.be(null);
            expect(testrun.start.callCount).to.be(1);
        });

        it('must have inherited auth for both requests', function () {
            // the second req should reuse the nonce and realm from the 1st req's response
            expect(testrun.request.callCount).to.be(3);

            var err1 = testrun.request.firstCall.args[0],
                request1 = testrun.request.firstCall.args[3],
                response1 = testrun.request.firstCall.args[2],
                response2 = testrun.request.secondCall.args[2],
                err2 = testrun.request.secondCall.args[0],
                request2 = testrun.request.secondCall.args[3],
                response3 = testrun.request.thirdCall.args[2];

            expect(err1).to.be(null);
            expect(request1.url.toString()).to.be('https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth');
            expect(response1.code).to.be(401);
            expect(response2.code).to.be(200);

            expect(err2).to.be(null);
            expect(request2.url.toString()).to.be('https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth');
            expect(response3.code).to.be(200);
        });
    });

    describe('in collection level', function () {
        before(function (done) {
            var clonedRunOptions = _.merge({}, runOptions,
                {
                    collection: {
                        auth: {
                            type: 'digest',
                            digest: {
                                username: '{{uname}}',
                                password: '{{pass}}'
                            }
                        },
                        item: [{
                            name: 'F1',
                            item: [{
                                name: 'DigestAuth Request 1',
                                request: {
                                    url: 'https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth'
                                }
                            }, {
                                name: 'DigestAuth Request 2',
                                request: {
                                    url: 'https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth'
                                }
                            }]
                        }]
                    },
                    environment: {
                        values: [{
                            key: 'uname',
                            value: 'postman'
                        }, {
                            key: 'pass',
                            value: 'password'
                        }]
                    }
                }
            );

            // perform the collection run
            this.run(clonedRunOptions, function (err, results) {
                testrun = results;
                done(err);
            });
        });

        it('must have completed the run', function () {
            expect(testrun).be.ok();
            expect(testrun.done.callCount).to.be(1);
            testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0] && console.error(testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0].stack);
            expect(testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0]).to.be(null);
            expect(testrun.start.callCount).to.be(1);
        });

        it('must inherited auth for both requests', function () {
            // the second req should reuse the nonce and realm from the 1st req's response
            expect(testrun.request.callCount).to.be(3);

            var err1 = testrun.request.firstCall.args[0],
                err2 = testrun.request.secondCall.args[0],
                request1 = testrun.request.firstCall.args[3],
                request2 = testrun.request.secondCall.args[3],
                response1 = testrun.request.firstCall.args[2],
                response2 = testrun.request.secondCall.args[2],
                response3 = testrun.request.thirdCall.args[2];

            expect(err1).to.be(null);
            expect(err2).to.be(null);
            expect(request1.url.toString()).to.be('https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth');
            expect(request2.url.toString()).to.be('https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth');
            expect(response1.code).to.be(401);
            expect(response2.code).to.be(200);
            expect(response3.code).to.be(200);
        });
    });

    describe('in collection and request level', function () {
        before(function (done) {
            var clonedRunOptions = _.merge({}, runOptions,
                {
                    collection: {
                        item: {
                            request: {
                                auth: {
                                    type: 'digest',
                                    digest: {
                                        username: '{{uname}}',
                                        password: '{{pass}}'
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        },
                        auth: {
                            type: 'digest',
                            digest: {
                                username: 'iamnotpostman',
                                password: 'password'
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    environment: {
                        values: [{
                            key: 'uname',
                            value: 'postman'
                        }, {
                            key: 'pass',
                            value: 'password'
                        }]
                    }
                }
            );

            // perform the collection run
            this.run(clonedRunOptions, function (err, results) {
                testrun = results;
                done(err);
            });
        });

        it('must have completed the run', function () {
            expect(testrun).be.ok();
            expect(testrun.done.callCount).to.be(1);
            testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0] && console.error(testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0].stack);
            expect(testrun.done.getCall(0).args[0]).to.be(null);
            expect(testrun.start.callCount).to.be(1);
        });

        it('must have sent the request twice', function () {
            expect(testrun.request.callCount).to.be(2);

            var err = testrun.request.firstCall.args[0],
                request = testrun.request.firstCall.args[3],
                response1 = testrun.request.firstCall.args[2],
                response2 = testrun.request.secondCall.args[2];

            expect(err).to.be(null);
            expect(request.url.toString()).to.be('https://postman-echo.com/digest-auth');
            expect(response1.code).to.be(401);
            expect(response2.code).to.be(200);
        });
    });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<?php
namespace Inventory\Infrastructure\Mapper;

use Application\Entity\NmtInventoryItemVariant;
use Application\Entity\NmtInventoryItemVariantAttribute;
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager;
use Inventory\Domain\Item\Variant\VariantAttributeSnapshot;
use Inventory\Domain\Item\Variant\VariantSnapshot;

/**
 *
 * @author Nguyen Mau Tri - ngmautri@gmail.com
 *
 */
class ItemSerialMapper
{

    /*
     * |=============================
     * |Mapping Variant
     * |
     * |=============================
     */

    /**
     *
     * @param EntityManager $doctrineEM
     * @param VariantSnapshot $snapshot
     * @param NmtInventoryItemVariant $entity
     * @return NULL|\Application\Entity\NmtInventoryItemVariant
     */
    public static function mapVariantEntity(EntityManager $doctrineEM, VariantSnapshot $snapshot, NmtInventoryItemVariant $entity)
    {
        if ($snapshot == null || $entity == null || $doctrineEM == null) {
            return null;
        }

        /*
         * |=============================
         * | Mapping None-Object Field
         * | not mapping setID
         * |=============================
         */

        // $entity->setId($snapshot->id);
        $entity->setUuid($snapshot->uuid);
        $entity->setCombinedName($snapshot->combinedName);
        $entity->setPrice($snapshot->price);
        $entity->setIsActive($snapshot->isActive);
        $entity->setUpc($snapshot->upc);
        $entity->setEan13($snapshot->ean13);
        $entity->setBarcode($snapshot->barcode);
        $entity->setWeight($snapshot->weight);
        $entity->setRemarks($snapshot->remarks);
        $entity->setVersion($snapshot->version);
        $entity->setRevisionNo($snapshot->revisionNo);
        $entity->setCbm($snapshot->cbm);
        $entity->setVariantCode($snapshot->variantCode);
        $entity->setVariantName($snapshot->variantName);
        $entity->setVariantAlias($snapshot->variantAlias);
        $entity->setSysNumber($snapshot->sysNumber);
        $entity->setFullCombinedName($snapshot->fullCombinedName);
        $entity->setItemName($snapshot->itemName);
        $entity->setVariantSku($snapshot->variantSku);

        /*
         * |=============================
         * | DATE MAPPING
         * |
         * |=============================
         */

        /*
         * $entity->setCreatedOn($snapshot->createdOn);
         * $entity->setLastChangeOn($snapshot->lastChangeOn);
         */
        if ($snapshot->createdOn !== null) {
            $entity->setCreatedOn(new \DateTime($snapshot->createdOn));
        }

        if ($snapshot->lastChangeOn !== null) {
            $entity->setLastChangeOn(new \DateTime($snapshot->lastChangeOn));
        }

        /*
         * |=============================
         * | REFERRENCE MAPPING
         * |
         * |=============================
         */
        /*
         * $entity->setItem($snapshot->item);
         * $entity->setCreatedBy($snapshot->createdBy);
         * $entity->setLastChangeBy($snapshot->lastChangeBy);
         */

        if ($snapshot->createdBy > 0) {
            /**
             *
             * @var \Application\Entity\MlaUsers $obj ;
             */
            $obj = $doctrineEM->getRepository('Application\Entity\MlaUsers')->find($snapshot->createdBy);
            $entity->setCreatedBy($obj);
        }

        if ($snapshot->lastChangeBy > 0) {
            /**
             *
             * @var \Application\Entity\MlaUsers $obj ;
             */
            $obj = $doctrineEM->getRepository('Application\Entity\MlaUsers')->find($snapshot->lastChangeBy);
            $entity->setLastChangeBy($obj);
        }

        if ($snapshot->item > 0) {
            /**
             *
             * @var \Application\Entity\NmtInventoryItem $obj ;
             */
            $obj = $doctrineEM->getRepository('Application\Entity\NmtInventoryItem')->find($snapshot->item);
            $entity->setItem($obj);
        }

        return $entity;
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param NmtInventoryItemVariant $entity
     * @param VariantSnapshot $snapshot
     * @param boolean $needDetails
     * @return NULL|\Inventory\Domain\Item\Variant\VariantSnapshot
     */
    public static function createVariantSnapshot(NmtInventoryItemVariant $entity, VariantSnapshot $snapshot = null, $needDetails = false)
    {
        if ($entity == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if ($snapshot == null) {
            $snapshot = new VariantSnapshot();
        }

        // =================================
        // Mapping None-Object Field
        // =================================
        $snapshot->id = $entity->getId();
        $snapshot->uuid = $entity->getUuid();
        $snapshot->combinedName = $entity->getCombinedName();
        $snapshot->price = $entity->getPrice();
        $snapshot->isActive = $entity->getIsActive();
        $snapshot->upc = $entity->getUpc();
        $snapshot->ean13 = $entity->getEan13();
        $snapshot->barcode = $entity->getBarcode();
        $snapshot->weight = $entity->getWeight();
        $snapshot->remarks = $entity->getRemarks();
        $snapshot->version = $entity->getVersion();
        $snapshot->revisionNo = $entity->getRevisionNo();
        $snapshot->cbm = $entity->getCbm();
        $snapshot->variantCode = $entity->getVariantCode();
        $snapshot->variantName = $entity->getVariantName();
        $snapshot->variantAlias = $entity->getVariantAlias();
        $snapshot->sysNumber = $entity->getSysNumber();
        $snapshot->fullCombinedName = $entity->getFullCombinedName();
        // $snapshot->itemName = $entity->getItemName();
        $snapshot->variantSku = $entity->getVariantSku();

        // ============================
        // DATE MAPPING
        // ============================

        // $snapshot->createdOn = $entity->getCreatedOn();
        // $snapshot->lastChangeOn = $entity->getLastChangeOn();

        if (! $entity->getCreatedOn() == null) {
            $snapshot->createdOn = $entity->getCreatedOn()->format("Y-m-d H:i:s");
        }

        if (! $entity->getLastChangeOn() == null) {
            $snapshot->lastChangeOn = $entity->getLastChangeOn()->format("Y-m-d H:i:s");
        }

        // ============================
        // REFERRENCE MAPPING
        // ============================

        if ($entity->getCreatedBy() !== null) {
            $snapshot->createdBy = $entity->getCreatedBy()->getId();
        }

        if ($entity->getLastChangeBy() !== null) {
            $snapshot->lastChangeBy = $entity->getLastChangeBy()->getId();
        }

        if ($entity->getItem() != null) {
            $snapshot->item = $entity->getItem()->getId();
            $snapshot->itemName = $entity->getItem()->getItemName();
        }

        return $snapshot;
    }

    /*
     * |=============================
     * |Mapping Variant-Attribute
     * |
     * |=============================
     */

    /**
     *
     * @param EntityManager $doctrineEM
     * @param VariantAttributeSnapshot $snapshot
     * @param NmtInventoryItemVariantAttribute $entity
     * @return NULL|\Application\Entity\NmtInventoryItemVariantAttribute
     */
    public static function mapVariantAttributeEntity(EntityManager $doctrineEM, VariantAttributeSnapshot $snapshot, NmtInventoryItemVariantAttribute $entity)
    {
        if ($snapshot == null || $entity == null || $doctrineEM == null) {
            return null;
        }

        // =================================
        // Mapping None-Object Field
        // =================================

        // $entity->setId($snapshot->id);
        $entity->setUuid($snapshot->uuid);
        $entity->setRemarks($snapshot->remarks);
        $entity->setRevisionNo($snapshot->revisionNo);
        // ============================
        // DATE MAPPING
        // ============================

        /*
         * $entity->setCreatedOn($snapshot->createdOn);
         * $entity->setLastChangeOn($snapshot->lastChangeOn);
         */
        if ($snapshot->createdOn !== null) {
            $entity->setCreatedOn(new \DateTime($snapshot->createdOn));
        }

        if ($snapshot->lastChangeOn !== null) {
            $entity->setLastChangeOn(new \DateTime($snapshot->lastChangeOn));
        }

        // ============================
        // REFERRENCE MAPPING
        // ============================

        /*
         * $entity->setCreatedBy($snapshot->createdBy);
         * $entity->setLastChangeBy($snapshot->lastChangeBy);
         *
         * $entity->setAttribute($snapshot->attribute);
         * $entity->setVariant($snapshot->variant);
         */

        if ($snapshot->createdBy > 0) {
            /**
             *
             * @var \Application\Entity\MlaUsers $obj ;
             */
            $obj = $doctrineEM->getRepository('Application\Entity\MlaUsers')->find($snapshot->createdBy);
            $entity->setCreatedBy($obj);
        }

        if ($snapshot->lastChangeBy > 0) {
            /**
             *
             * @var \Application\Entity\MlaUsers $obj ;
             */
            $obj = $doctrineEM->getRepository('Application\Entity\MlaUsers')->find($snapshot->lastChangeBy);
            $entity->setLastChangeBy($obj);
        }

        if ($snapshot->variant > 0) {
            /**
             *
             * @var \Application\Entity\NmtInventoryItemVariant $obj ;
             */
            $obj = $doctrineEM->getRepository('Application\Entity\NmtInventoryItemVariant')->find($snapshot->variant);
            $entity->setVariant($obj);
        }

        if ($snapshot->attribute > 0) {
            /**
             *
             * @var \Application\Entity\NmtInventoryAttribute $obj ;
             */
            $obj = $doctrineEM->getRepository('Application\Entity\NmtInventoryAttribute')->find($snapshot->attribute);
            $entity->setAttribute($obj);
        }

        return $entity;
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param NmtInventoryItemVariantAttribute $entity
     * @param VariantAttributeSnapshot $snapshot
     * @param boolean $needDetails
     * @return NULL|\Inventory\Domain\Item\Variant\VariantAttributeSnapshot
     */
    public static function createVariantAttributeSnapshot(NmtInventoryItemVariantAttribute $entity, VariantAttributeSnapshot $snapshot = null, $needDetails = false)
    {
        if ($entity == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if ($snapshot == null) {
            $snapshot = new VariantAttributeSnapshot();
        }

        // =================================
        // Mapping None-Object Field
        // =================================

        $snapshot->id = $entity->getId();
        $snapshot->uuid = $entity->getUuid();
        $snapshot->remarks = $entity->getRemarks();
        $snapshot->revisionNo = $entity->getRevisionNo();
        // ============================
        // DATE MAPPING
        // ============================

        // $snapshot->createdOn = $entity->getCreatedOn();
        // $snapshot->lastChangeOn = $entity->getLastChangeOn();

        if (! $entity->getCreatedOn() == null) {
            $snapshot->createdOn = $entity->getCreatedOn()->format("Y-m-d H:i:s");
        }

        if (! $entity->getLastChangeOn() == null) {
            $snapshot->lastChangeOn = $entity->getLastChangeOn()->format("Y-m-d H:i:s");
        }

        // ============================
        // REFERRENCE MAPPING
        // ============================

        /*
         * $snapshot->attribute = $entity->getAttribute();
         * $snapshot->variant = $entity->getVariant();
         * $snapshot->createdBy = $entity->getCreatedBy();
         * $snapshot->lastChangeBy = $entity->getLastChangeBy();
         */
        if ($entity->getCreatedBy() !== null) {
            $snapshot->createdBy = $entity->getCreatedBy()->getId();
        }

        if ($entity->getLastChangeBy() !== null) {
            $snapshot->lastChangeBy = $entity->getLastChangeBy()->getId();
        }

        if ($entity->getVariant() !== null) {
            $snapshot->variant = $entity->getVariant()->getId();
        }

        if ($entity->getAttribute() !== null) {
            $snapshot->attribute = $entity->getAttribute()->getId();
        }

        return $snapshot;
    }
}


The End of the University as We Know It – Nathan Harden – The American Interest Magazine.
Hat tip to Jonathan Warren for pointing this article out to me. For what it's worth, here are some thoughts I have concerning this article.
It does seem that the "business models" of many colleges and universities are quite broken. I also agree with the author (one Nathan Harden) that the "massive open online courses" (otherwise known as "MOOCs") offered by the Coursera, Udacity, and edX represent a highly disruptive innovation and that they will help contribute to the demise of many institutions (particularly academically marginal ones). However, Mr. Harden's article reminds me of the kinds of articles which regularly appeared in the media at the dawning of the commercial Internet way back in the mid-to-late 90's; the conventional wisdom back then was that the Internet would bring about the demise of intermediaries (so-called "middlemen") in any number of businesses through a process commonly referred to as "disintermediation".
While it is true that some types of intermediaries have vanished or are in the process of vanishing (large scale brick-and-mortar record and video stores like Tower Records and Blockbuster readily come to mind), it's not like the music and movie industries are going away. What's changed is how the supply chains for these industries are organized; particularly the methods of distribution. I think we can expect similar competitive pressures on higher education; although it remains to be seen what the overall effect of MOOCs will be, perhaps MOOCs are part of a larger (self-correcting) market reaction against the unsustainable financial trajectory that the system has been on for the past quarter century.
So where does this leave colleges and universities like my school (Baylor University in Waco, TX) that are academically competent but clearly not in the same league as academic elites like Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, etc.? My Baylor colleague John Martin is fond of pointing out that the saving grace for brick-and-mortar colleges and universities like Baylor is that these institutions provide a particularly important service to parents of college-aged students which goes well beyond the task of providing education. Specifically, the Baylors of the world also provide parents with relatively safe environments where said students can be warehoused away from home and have a few years to grow up. I don't think that aspect of the college experience scales particularly well to the online environment.
Thus, I see online education as more of a complement rather than a substitute for (good quality) brick-and-mortar colleges and universities primarily serving the 18-25 year old age cohort. For adult/continuing education, online education represents a viable alternative to many (particularly lower quality, endowment-poor) brick-and-mortar colleges and universities.
Previous PostRuining Christmas: An Economist's GuideNext PostWhy Does Music Move Us So?


text:
.. _tutorial_commandline:

Extract text from a PDF using the commandline
*********************************************

pdfminer.six has several tools that can be used from the command line. The
command-line tools are aimed at users that occasionally want to extract text
from a pdf.

Take a look at the high-level or composable interface if you want to use
pdfminer.six programmatically.

Examples
========

pdf2txt.py
----------

::

    $ python tools/pdf2txt.py example.pdf
    all the text from the pdf appears on the command line

The :ref:`api_pdf2txt` tool extracts all the text from a PDF. It uses layout
analysis with sensible defaults to order and group the text in a sensible way.

dumppdf.py
----------

::

    $ python tools/dumppdf.py -a example.pdf
    <pdf><object id="1">
    ...
    </object>
    ...
    </pdf>

The :ref:`api_dumppdf` tool can be used to extract the internal structure from a
PDF. This tool is primarily for debugging purposes, but that can be useful to
anybody working with PDF's.


text:
Home/Elk Network/Conservation/RMEF Protects California Tule Elk Habitat
Elk NetworkRMEF Protects California Tule Elk Habitat
Conservation , News Releases | January 5, 2021
MISSOULA, Mont. — A 2,415-acre ranch in northcentral California featuring prime wildlife habitat is now permanently protected thanks to a collaborative conservation effort by the California Wildlife Conservation Board (WCB), California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and a willing landowner.
"This landscape is extremely important to ensure the future for the world's only tule elk population," said Kyle Weaver, RMEF president and CEO. "We deeply appreciate the landowners for placing a conservation easement on their property and protecting its wildlife values in perpetuity."
The Turkey Track project is approximately 50 miles northwest of Sacramento. In addition to tule elk, it also offers important habitat for blacktail deer, mountain lions, California quail and other species. The property also contains several ponds and approximately 11 miles of perennial and intermittent streams in a greater landscape with limited water resources. Additionally, it is part of a recently concluded elk monitoring study.
The Cache Creek watershed is a focus area for RMEF, WCB and CDFW, which wants to grow tule elk numbers. RMEF helped complete more than two dozen land protection or habitat enhancement projects in the immediate area including a 2019 project that protected 2,607 acres of tule elk habitat not even a mile to the north.
"The Wildlife Conservation Board is proud to be a partner with the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation on the 2,415-acre conservation easement to preserve and protect critical winter range for tule elk that will also benefit many other sensitive species," said John Donnelly, WCB executive director. "Protection of this working landscape is something that WCB is honored to be a part of."
"It takes dedicated partners to carry out meaningful conservation work. We appreciate their work and support in getting this done," added Weaver.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Home › Make Custom Labels On-Site!
Visit any of our 9 locations and choose from dozens of label templates, customize text, font, and placement. Weather its for a wedding, Christmas, a birthday, or just for your own wine cellar, we've got you covered!
Only $7.99 for a batch of 30 labels! Or add custom labels, shrink caps and synthetic corks to you on-site fee for only $10 (reg, $49.99).
Note: Label designs vary by store.


If your feet don't get proper support from your footwear, activities such as walking, running, and jumping will force your body out of alignment, causing stress and fatigue to major joints and muscles, which in turn will cause pain and reduced performance. Devices commonly known as orthotics are highly recommended as they are designed to reinforce your feet, saving you from the pain and discomfort of a misaligned body. However, over-the-counter orthotics support just one arch of the foot; we support all three and that's our 3 Arch Advantage.
Ensure better posture and support chiropractic adjustments by getting orthotics made specifically for you.


text:
Art in Action: the Creative Process
Home » Art A-level » Art in Action: the Creative Process
Mon, 7 Dec 2020
For A-level, IB, Foundation and BTEC Level 3 students
This autumn sees Art in Action brought to you live streamed and online. Read on for details of another exciting, visually stimulating programme. During this immersive day, students will have the chance to meet and hear from four leading contemporary artists working in different areas of art and design. Through their fascinating presentations, the artists will explore their unique creative journeys, what inspires them, and how they turn an idea into a work of art. There will be plenty of time for questions and students are guaranteed to leave inspired and brimming with ideas for their own work.
Fire up your creativity Grayson Perry CBE RA, Artist
Grayson Perry will talk about his work and consider how to be creative in an age which embraces both traditional and digital approaches to art.
About Grayson Perry CBE RA
Turner Prize-winner Grayson Perry's work is original and provocative. He uses traditional forms such as ceramics and tapestries in unconventional ways to comment on society's injustices and hypocrisies.
Slapstick violence and absurd comedy Emma Hart, Installation artist
Artist Emma Hart's work has an emotional honesty and sharp wit which draws the viewer in for a stimulating and memorable experience. Intense and comically dark, her pieces are heavily symbolic, drawing on issues of domestic and emotional anxiety.
About Emma Hart
Emma Hart is an installation artist whose multidisciplinary practice incorporates sculpture, video and performance. Emma Hart makes work that actively confronts us; her sculptures often jut out from the wall. In 2017 she won the Max Mara Art Prize for Women in collaboration with the Whitechapel Gallery. Recent solo exhibitions include: Banger, The Fruitmarket Gallery, Edinburgh (2018), Mamma Mia! Whitechapel Gallery and the Collezione Maramotti, Italy (2017); Commercial Breakz, Frieze Art Fair, London (2017); Love Life with Jonathan Baldock, De Le Warr Pavilion, Bexhill (2017); Giving It All That, Folkestone Triennial (2014); and Dirty Looks, Camden Arts Centre (2013).
An anthropology of ourselves Simon Roberts, Photographer
Simon Roberts is a British artist-photographer whose work deals with our relationship to landscape and notions of identity and belonging. Often employing expansive tableaux photographs, his approach is one of creating wide-ranging surveys of our time, which examine contemporary economic, cultural and political issues. He will discuss his work over the past decade, which explore ideas around the representation of the British landscape.
About Simon Roberts
Simon Roberts is a critically-acclaimed British photographer whose work deals with our relationship to landscape and notions of identity. He was recently made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society.
Diary of a mobile digital artist Roz Hall, Digital artist
This interactive talk will explore the use of touch screen technologies in contemporary art, a medium famously embraced by David Hockney and espoused by an increasing number of established artists. Pioneering digital artist Roz Hall will demonstrate the techniques required to create a successful painting on a tablet or mobile device.
About Roz Hall
Roz Hall is a digital artist, specialising in portraiture created on tablet and mobile devices. His artworks blur the boundaries between contemporary art and personal and social media.


Concept for a restaurant situated on the very cost line of Complex Riviera Bay. The design of the space is based on the use of elements from Art Deco but with a new contemporary twist. For the colour pallet of the space are used natural materials, light colours, dynamic patterns in black and white and details with characteristic gold finishing. Rich chandeliers and delicately lit ceiling add to the atmosphere of the space.


When it comes to taking care of your home, we know security is a top priority. Fortunately for homeowners today, technology has taken home security measures far beyond a local alarm system and standard door locks.
From doorbell video cameras that allow you to see visitors from anywhere to sensors that trigger alerts and notify you of potential threats, smart home security is more advanced and proactive than ever.
Alarm.com is the leader in smart home security, giving homeowners solutions to monitor, protect and automate their properties. As a trusted Alarm.com installer, we know a thing or two when it comes to delivering top-grade home security solutions for residences in the Seattle, WA area and beyond.
Looking for a smarter way to secure your home? Keep reading to get the scoop on Alarm.com's smart home security solutions and how our team at Wipliance can help.


text:
HomeSportsDiego Costa trains alone on a beach in Brazil (Video)
Diego Costa trains alone on a beach in Brazil (Video)
July 27, 2017 Yomie Sports, Today's Trending.... 0
Spanish striker, Diego Costa is yet to return to Chelsea after his summer break, as it appears he has no future at Stamford Bridge.
Costa even posted a video of himself partying in Atletico colours Jersey while mocking Conte.
The 28-year-old, who was told by Antonio Conte he was not in his plans for the coming season, is eyeing a return to former club, Atletico Madrid.
With his teammates in Singapore, Costa has decided to get to work with some drills on the beach.
The striker was tied to a harness as he completed some basic volleying exercises.
He uploaded a clip to Instagram as he was put through his pace by two assistants.
Costa remains in midpoint over a potential transfer, with Atletico under a transfer ban until early next year.
A loan move to China or AC Milan was mooted but that now appears unlikely.
Costa can sign for his former club this summer but will not play until 2018.
Ghanaian lady receives it hot from her alleged lesbian partner for cheating with a man (Video)
Daddy Freeze reacts to report that former petroleum minister, Madam Diezani stole $90 Billion (Video)
Breaking!!! NFF approves Kaduna Stadium for Super Eagles match against Egypt
February 13, 2016 AdeLove Sports, Today's Trending...., Uncategorized 4
It was gathered that the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF), has approved the Ahmadu Bello Stadium in Kaduna, for next month's Africa Cup of Nations qualifier between the Super Eagles and Egypt. [pro_ad_display_adzone id="60438″] NFF's General […]
Alexis Sanchez's Arsenal return blocked by Chile national team
November 12, 2016 AdeLove Sports, Today's Trending.... 3
Arsenal star Alexis Sanchez is being kept with the Chile national squad despite concerns over a hamstring injury picked up this week. The Gunners had wanted the 27-year-old to return to London after this scare, […]
Thiery Henry "signs off" as a footballer
December 16, 2014 AdeLove Sports 1
Thierry Henry, 37, former Arsenal Striker has announced his retirement from football and will return to London to take up a role in the media. He left the New York Red Bulls at the […]


Target's Board of Directors announced the departure of the company's Chairman, President and CEO Gregg Steinhafel in the wake of the headline making data breach that exposed account details of more than 100 million customers late last year.
"Today we are announcing that, after extensive discussions, the board and Gregg Steinhafel have decided that now is the right time for new leadership at Target. Effective immediately, Gregg will step down from his positions as Chairman of the Target board of directors, president and CEO," the Board said in a statement.
The decision come just one week after the company announced the appointment of Bob DeRodes as Chief Information Officer and provided details on the security enhancements the company has implemented, which includes plans to incorporate MasterCard chip-and-PIN technology across their REDcard portfolio.
Steinhafel's ouster follows that of Target's previous CIO Beth Jacob, who resigned in early March as a result of the breach which was first disclosed on December 19, and is believed to have lasted from at least Black Friday through December 15th, 2013.
"The board is deeply grateful to Gregg for his significant contributions and outstanding service throughout his notable 35-year career with the company. We believe his passion for the team and relentless focus on the guest have established Target as a leader in the retail industry," the statement continued.


Do you know that there's a way to do what you love to do and earn from it?
Do you know that there's a proper way of managing your money and turning your dreams to reality?
Learn these and more during the Money & Me seminar on June 7, 2014 from 8am-12nn in Tektite Ortigas.
How to Set Your Financial Goals the Right Way. There is a science to setting financial goals. It means there is a formula to achieving your goals faster and with greater accuracy.
That One Big Thing that Will Inspire You to Achieve Your Goals… Once you learn this, the obstacles will pale in comparison to your higher goals.
How to Zero Out Credit Card Debts. In this seminar, you will learn how to use card to your advantage and how to effectively zero out your credit card debts.
What to Buy and What Not to Buy. Before you spend your hard-earned money on anything, define first whether what you are buying is an asset or a liability and save yourself money and heartaches.
How to Grow Your Money Exponentially. Do you know that your 1,000 pesos can become one million pesos? You will learn the different vehicles you can ride towards arriving at your target financial destination.
How to Continue Earning No Matter What Happens to the Economy of the Philippines or to Your Job — this is very important, you can't miss this! No matter how broke you may be right now, your earning ability will determine how soon you can rise above your situation.
How and Why You Should Invest in Your Financial Education. We need to understand how money works, how to make, manage, and multiply money. In this seminar, you will learn the different ways to equip yourself with proper financial education.
How to Be Truly, Deeply, and Genuinely Happy with Money. It took me years to understand the ultimate purpose of money.
Be inspired by the three speakers Mr. Edward Lee, Sha Nacino, and Dr. Larry Gamboa who will share proven techniques on how to manage and multiply your money so you can turn your dreams to reality.
Mr. Edward Lee is the founder and Chairman of COL Financial, the #1 online stock broker in the Philippines. He will share how to invest and make millions in the stock market.
Sha Nacino is the author of Money & Me: 9 Steps to Turn Around Your Finances and Live the Life You Want. Sha was once buried in credit card debts. Today, her finances are in order and she is now pursuing her passion in writing and public speaking full time. She will talk about the 9 keys to manage your money and turn your dreams to reality.
Dr. Larry Gamboa is the bestselling author of Think Rich, Pinoy! He will share how to make money in real estate.
Join them in their Money & Me Seminar: Manage Your Money, Turn Your Dreams to Reality on June 7, 2014 from 8:00am-12:00nn at COL Financial Training Center in located at 2404A East Tower, Philippine Stock Exchange (Tektite), Exchange Rd., Ortigas Center, Pasig City. For registration, visit www.betrulyrich.com/seminar/register or text 0917-5949274.
DC Attempts to Break The Biggest Skateboard Parade Record EVER!


Hi! Sign in to let us know how Java N Jive was?
jennifer c. Jul 28 .
they have best food ,desserts and coffee anywhere.managment is very friendly.we called after they were already closed.they told us to come on up.they would still be there to serve us.they stayed open for another hour for just four people to come have coffee and desserts.no body came while we was there and we were welcome to stay until the girl was done with her cleaning and closing of her register.wonderful cozy ,homey feeling.a great place to go to have coffee and read a good book or sit and talk with friends.
Jedidiah B. Jul 28 .
Jave n' Jive used to be the hottest coffee shop in the area when the original owner was still there. It had a hip environment, and was always packed because the drinks were good and Andy Ameres, the owner, interacted with the customers and was just a great guy. There's new ownership and management now however, and they're horrible. They sit outside the whole time talking, and don't treat the customers well. I was kicked out of the place 15 minutes before the posted closing time because they said they wanted to be OUT at 10, not closed at 10. I mentioned their hours said close at 10, and I was actually ignored and they didn't say another word to me until I left. Next time, I was yelled at for having my feet on their couch, when my feet were not on the couch at all. My foot was a good 8 inches away from touching their seat cushions, but I was told to change the way I was sitting. The drinks were good, and may still be, but the service and management make this intolerable. All of their previous customers have left, and the place is deserted because they drove everyone away. Stay away from Java n' Jive.
If you've been to or used Java N Jive, leave a review.


NEWPORT � Ethel L. Davis, 104, of Newport, RI, died Thursday, October 3, 2013 at Heatherwood Nursing and Subacute Center, Newport, RI.
Born in Boston, MA on March 19, 1909, she was the daughter of the late Daniel C. and Lillian M. (Fleming) Davis. She was the sister of the late Mary Paul and Florence Garniss.
She is survived by many nieces, nephews, and cousins who will miss her dearly.
Ethel was chosen Miss Newport in 1931.
She worked for the New England Telephone Co. for 45 years, retiring in March of 1974. She was a parishioner of Trinity Church.
The family wishes to thank the staff at Heatherwood Nursing Center for the loving care Ethel received while in their care.
Calling hours will be held on Tuesday, October 8, 2013, from 11 a.m. �12 p.m., in the Memorial Funeral Home, 375 Broadway, followed by her service at 12 p.m.
Burial will follow in Trinity Cemetery, East Main Road, Portsmouth.
In lieu of flowers, donations may be made in her memory to Heatherwood Health Care Center, 398 Bellevue Avenue, Newport, RI 02840.


text:
Trump says he could try two more terms.
Trump at the rally where he claimed the virus would disappear with the heat.
Donald Trump suggested he could serve two more terms as president of the United States if he wins the November election.
RENO Nevada United States (AP) – During a rally with supporters in Reno, Nevada, Donald Trump suggested that he could serve two more terms as president of the United States if he wins the November election and succeeds in promoting an initiative so that he can serve one more term in office, that is, 12 years at the helm of the nation and not eight as dictated by law.
Reviewing a list of complaints about the Democrats, the media, and the mail ballot, U.S. President Donald Trump gathered his supporters at an airport outside of Reno, Nevada.
In that state, polls show that his Democratic rival Joe Biden is ahead. President Donald Trump reflected on staying in office 12 years, despite constitutional limits that prohibit U.S. presidents from serving more than two four-year terms.
"We're going to get four more years in the White House, and then we'll negotiate, right? Because probably, based on the way we were treated, we're entitled to another four after that.
In addition to his statements about possible double reelection, if he wins the U.S. presidency this year, Trump again accused the Democrats of trying to "manipulate" the elections next November and stated the candidate of this political group, Joe Biden.
The Democratic candidate in a political ad allegedly criticized Trump for allegedly making derogatory comments about the dead in the war.
Donald Trump denied making such comments against the war dead.
democratic partyjoe bidenRepublican PartytrumpUSAusa elections


text:
Admissions Policy - Consultation with Parents
As for all schools in the country, Leckaun National School is obliged to follow the steps set out below.
Parents, pupils and staff are requested to review this draft policy and submit comments or suggested amendments via email to info@leckaunns.ie
The Board of Management will consider these comments and suggested amendments with a view towards approving the policy for sending to the School's Patron: Monsignor Liam Kelly, Diocesan Administrator of the Diocese of Kilmore
All submissions will be considered by the Board.
This Admissions policy will replace our current Enrolment policy.
Introduction to the process
Certain sections of the Education (Admissions to Schools) Act 2018, relating to the school admission process, commenced on February 1st 2020. The key dates for the preparation and publication of an Admissions policy are set out in the new requirements that apply to admission from September 2021 onwards.
Preparation of a draft admission policy
Section 62(1) of the act require Boards of Management to prepare a draft admission policy following consultation with the Patron, parents of students attending the school and staff.
Catholic schools have to use the template provided by the Catholic Primary Schools Management Association (CPSMA) to prepare a draft admission policy and submit the draft to the patron for approval.
Review of draft admission policy by Patron
The Patron must approve the draft admission policy or approve the draft admission policy subject to modifications.
Where the draft policy is approved subject to modification, the Board of Management will have two weeks within which to make the specified modifications and return to the patron for Patron approval.
The admission policy must be approved by the Patron by 15th September 2020.
Publication of admissions policy
Boards of Management are required to publish the school's admissions policy on the school website on or after 1st September 2020 and, on written request, make copies available to parents, the Minister for Education of the public.
Draft Admissions Policy Leckaun National School
Goodbye Miss Maguire
Today is Miss Maguire's last day with us at Leckaun NS. On behalf of the staff and pupils I would like to say thank you to Ms Maguire for all her hard work this year. It has been a pleasure having her in our school this year. Unfortunately we cannot give our thanks in person but hopefully she will come back to see us soon!
Here is a reminder of some of the activities the pupils in the Junior Room have been up to this year.


To mitigate cancer risks, women seek natural options.
Sometimes the cure can seem worse than the disease. Where it comes to mammograms and other cancer diagnostics, radiation might be a risk.
A relatively new type of breast cancer screening test is called Molecular Breast Imaging, or MBI. It involves injecting a radioactive trace into a vein in the arm. A scanning device follows the trace to detect when a tumor is present.
But really? Do women (and men) at risk of cancer of any kind want to inject something radioactive in their body, albeit at a very low level?
The MBI process received FDA clearance for use back in 2003. The facts are that mammograms, the most common type of breast cancer diagnostic, involve radiation as well. A patient who believes they bear a reasonable risk for cancer – for example, with a family history of the disease – or who has been told by a doctor they need to get a mammogram, should follow doctor's orders on getting the test.
But many patients worry about invasive measures, particularly if they present no symptoms of disease. Better that a self-exam or a non-invasive procedure be followed.
There are such non-invasive, natural breast screening methods. One might consider ultrasound as natural, as it is non-invasive. Sound waves might be considered akin to standing near a loudspeaker or freight train (the ultrasound is of no risk to your hearing).
Another non-invasive procedure is thermography. Approved by the FDA in 1982, it's considered an adjunctive diagnostic procedure for detecting breast cancer (meaning it should be used as a supplement to other methods). It operates something like a thermometer of breast tissue, identifying where warm spots exist that might be due to angiogenesis, the biological process of tumor development that generates heat in surrounding tissue.
Thermography (medical infrared imaging) procedures require the patient to basically achieve a sedentary (no activity) temperature from 15 minutes in a sun-free, temperature and humidity controlled room (unclothed to reach a temperature equilibrium). The skin surface nearest a tumor will provide evidence of heat that is then measured. A 1996 study (Guido and Schnitt) concluded that angiogenesis by infrared imaging could be found in 86% of non-palpable breast cancers.
There are other alternatives to mammogram and MBIs: ultrasound, breast tamosynthesis (3-D mammography), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). But they either involve radiation or imaging tracer injections. For women with average or small size breasts the amount of radiation used to examine the breasts is less than what is required of women with large breasts, dense breast tissue or those who have breast implants.
Other individuals who might be wary of radiation exposure include younger women (premenopausal) who will consequently have more examinations over their lifetimes. Also, survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma at a young age who received radiation to the chest area are at greater risk; they have a 3-7 times greater risk of breast cancer than Hodgkin lymphoma survivors who were not treated with radiation (Hodgson, Gilbert, Dores, et al. "Long-term solid cancer risk among 5-year survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma," Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007).
Clearly, informed patients need to consider their options – and find comfort in that several exist.


Salt mine a great opportunity for Titjikala?
Salt deposits in thick beds and domes have been found near Titjikala, on Maryvale Station, 120 kilometers south of Alice Springs.
The deposit is believed to be one of Australia's largest and and will provide its first underground salt mine, according to the managing director of Tellus Holdings, Duncan van der Merwe.
He says: "The project should also provide substantial research and business opportunities for Alice Springs business and research institutions, including community development, Indigenous employment and training, renewable energy and micro-business opportunities, such as bush foods.
"Tellus has used the results of historic oil and gas exploration to identify several extensive salt beds in Central Australia as salt and oil and gas beds tend to occur together.
"The results suggest the Chandler salt bed formation has very high grade halite that can be used for edible and industrial salt. It also contains minerals that can be used in fertilisers and industrial applications," Mr van der Merwe said.
Tellus is completing a pre-feasibility study and plans to conduct drilling later this year to confirm the resource.
Should the mine go ahead, it would produce high quality rock salt, or halite, which would be processed on site, trucked to the nearby railway and mostly exported to Asia where edible and industrial salt are in demand for products such as chloralkali, soda ash, water treatment and livestock.
Tellus is also looking at a processing and packaging plant for edible gourmet salts and other specialty salt products that could be in Alice Springs.
Mr van der Merwe said salt mining is a low impact activity that would have a small surface footprint and little visual impact.
PHOTOS: A salt mine project may breathe some life into the main street of Titjikala. Photo courtesy MacDonnell Shire. "Room mining" in a salt mine in Canada.
Thanks for your concern, Jimmy. Inadequate regulalory processes, often non-existent, are revealed by the award winning book, 'Minefield: The Dark Side of Australia's Resources Push' (Paul Cleary. 2012: Black Inc. Victoria).
Media accounts this week detail Rio Tinto's support for the Australian Minerals Council's push for NSW resource bids.
Flaws in mining regulatory processes in that state have led to an unseemly lack of concern for farming communities.
Employment creation without transparent environmental legislation may be short term gain, leaving a mess for future generations and poor global citizenship.
I have got some serious concerns about this project. Through reading the Environmental Assessments Register regarding this project the waste repository aspect of the project would currently be exempt from any NT legislation governing waste management. This is due to the current exemption of mining, gas and petroleum activities from the Water Act and Waste Management and Pollution Control Act.
Although the EPA has a rather comprehensive list of issues for the company to address as part of its Environmental Impact Assessment Process – the elephant in the room is the exemption of this project from the single act that governs waste management in the NT. Without any NT regulation governing the management of mining, gas, petroleum and agricultural waste products being stored in the belly of this site mine – I cannot provide any support for this project and instead warn all to read between the lines on this one.
Most of the salt is proposed for the Asian market and will end up as drilling fluid for the mining, gas and petroleum industry over there. With a much less regulated industry in SE Asia and less accountability for environmental disasters such as the Lusi or Sidoarjo mud disaster see the link below…http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/02/indonesias-infamous-mud-volcano-.html, we really have to question ourselves as to whether this truly is a project that we want to support.
If we don't yet know how we're going to regulate this proposal for storing waste locally – how we can be sure that this project won't create the next mud volcano or local disaster for our northern neighbours. Yes it's only salt – 50 million year old salt – but if it's used for fracking and pollutes groundwater supplies elsewhere, then it's another loss for the global population and a win for wealthy mining companies.
I am in complete agreement with Steve on this.
It's an economic opportunity where before there was none. Unless something truly negative comes to light, we must grasp these chances when they come along.


text:
Finding Common Ground: Habits that May Help
Christian Staal Bruun Overgaard
Graduate Research Assistant, Knight Research Associate
Gina M. Masullo
Associate Director, Knight Faculty Fellow
Finding common ground with people you disagree with isn't easy. Americans increasingly dislike and distrust people they disagree with politically, which can be harmful in a democracy.1 In this study, the Center for Media Engagement wanted to find out what habits were more common among people that buck this trend and don't demonize those they disagree with. We found that:
People who want to talk about political differences – rather than avoid the topic – are less likely to have negative views or prejudiced beliefs about people from the opposite political party.
People who frequently discuss politics with neighbors they disagree with are less likely to have negative views about people from the opposite political party – but they may view that party with more prejudice.
People who get along with neighbors they disagree with have less negative views toward the political party they disagree with, but there was no link to feelings of prejudice.
Our findings show that, though it may be tempting to avoid talking about political differences, people who are willing to have the tough conversations tend to have less negative views of members of the opposite political party and are less prejudiced against them. Given that we also found that people who frequently discuss politics with neighbors they disagree with could be more prejudiced toward the opposite party, it may be that having discussions with people you disagree with is helpful only up to a certain point or under certain circumstances.
Americans are growing further apart. Republicans and Democrats dislike each other more than in previous decades.2 This has democratic consequences, such as leading to gridlock in Congress.3 It even has consequences outside the political arena. For example, studies show that Americans increasingly dislike the idea of family members marrying someone from a political party they disagree with, and that partisans discriminate against each other in professional settings.4
A recent Center for Media Engagement study shows that people can have fruitful conversations with those they disagree with politically if they take actions like focusing on the people, not the politics, or looking for common ground in beliefs.5 This project tackles the idea from a different angle – by looking at the attitudes and behaviors of people who manage to find common ground with those they disagree with.
This research is part of our connective democracy initiative, funded by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Connective democracy seeks to find practical solutions to the problem of divisiveness.
It may be tempting to avoid talking about political differences with people who disagree with you. Our findings, however, show that people who engage in such conversations tend to have less negative views of members of the opposite political party and are also less prejudiced against them.
Talking with people who disagree with you is important because it may bring opportunities to learn from others. But it also has the potential to backfire. Our findings show that people who talked more frequently with neighbors they disagree with were more likely to have prejudicial feelings toward the opposite political party even though they were less likely to favor their own party over the out-party. It may be that having discussions with people you disagree with is helpful only up to a certain point or only under certain circumstances. If, for example, you spend a lot of time arguing with someone you not only disagree with but also dislike, it may make things worse. If, on the other hand, you spend a lot of time talking with someone you disagree with but like and respect, it may make things better.
Another characteristic of people who have less negative views toward their out-party is that they tend to get along with their neighbors who don't share their political views. While our study focused specifically on getting along with neighbors, having friends and acquaintances that you disagree with politically may also be helpful. These relationships could help you see that people you disagree with politically may be reasonable people, rather than the caricatures they are often cast as in the media and on social media.
FULL FINDINGS
We surveyed 1,112 Americans to assess their attitudes about two types of hostility toward the "out-party," which is the political party that people disagree with:
Affective polarization – having negative views of the out-party while favoring members of their own party.6
Out-party prejudice – attributing negative characteristics, such as being hateful and misinformed, to members of the other party.7
We also surveyed participants about their behaviors and attitudes regarding how frequently they discuss politics with neighbors who disagree with them politically,8 how well they get along with neighbors who disagree with them politically,9 and whether they prefer to talk about political differences or avoid such conversations.10
Then we performed statistical tests to see which attitudes and behaviors were more likely among people with less negative views and less prejudice toward the political party they disagree with.
Our results showed that the following habits were linked to people having less negative views of the opposite party:
Frequently discussing politics with neighbors who disagree politically.
Getting along with neighbors who disagree politically.
Preferring to talk about political differences rather than avoiding such conversations.
When it came to prejudice toward the party people disagree with, the results were more mixed:
Preferring to talk about political differences rather than avoiding such conversations was linked to lower levels of out-party prejudice.
Frequently discussing politics with neighbors who disagree politically was linked to higher levels of out-party prejudice.
Getting along with neighbors who disagree politically was not linked to out-party prejudice in either direction.
These results held up when controlling for participants' age, gender, race, party affiliation, level of education, and strength of their partisan beliefs.11
This project was funded by Knight Foundation as part of the connective democracy project.
We recruited 1,112 participants12 through CloudResearch, which culls participants from
Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants had to be at least 18 years old and reside in the United States. This was not a representative nor a randomly selected sample because we specifically sought out Americans who actively follow government and public affairs13 and who live in a community that they believe has a mix of political viewpoints.14
Participants accessed the survey on their own computers or mobile devices and answered a series of questions about their political beliefs, attitudes toward people they disagree with politically, and how often they discuss politics with neighbors they disagree with.
Overgaard, Christian Staal Bruun, and Masullo, Gina M. (August, 2020). Finding common ground: habits that may help. Center for Media Engagement. https://mediaengagement.org/research/finding-common-ground
Hetherington, M. J., & Rudolph, T. J. (2015). Why Washington won't work: Polarization, political trust, and the governing crisis. University of Chicago Press; Jacobson, G. C. (2016). Polarization, gridlock, and presidential campaign politics in 2016. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 667(1), 226–246; Iyengar, S., Lelkes, Y., Levendusky, M., Malhotra, N., & Westwood, S. J. (2019). The origins and consequences of affective polarization in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 22, 129–146. ↩
Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology: A social identity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3), 405–431. ↩
Hetherington & Rudolph; Jacobson. ↩
Iyengar et al. ↩
Duchovnay, M., Moore, C., & Masullo, G. M. (2020, July). How to talk to people who disagree with you politically. Center for Media Engagement. https://mediaengagement.org/ research/divided-communities ↩
Affective polarization was measured using a "feeling thermometer." Participants were given this prompt: "We'd like to get your feelings toward a number of people and groups. A rating of 0 means you feel extremely negative. A rating of 10 means you feel extremely positive. A rating of 5 means that you don't feel particularly positive or negative." Based on this prompt, respondents rated "Republicans" and "Democrats" on a 0-10 scale. Affective polarization was defined as the difference between feelings toward one's in-party and feelings toward one's out-party. ↩
Participants were asked: "How much do the following words describe people whose political beliefs are not the same as yours?" (1 = not at all; 7 = very much). The items were: "brainwashed," "racist," "hateful," "misinformed," and "misguided," Mean = 4.67, Standard deviation = 1.49, Cronbach's alpha = 0.89. ↩
Participants were asked, "How often do you discuss politics with neighbors who have different political views than you?" and could answer frequently, sometimes, rarely, or never. Answers were reverse-scored so that a higher number meant they more frequently discussed politics with a neighbor with different political views, M = 2.40, SD = 0.93. ↩
Participants rated their agreement or disagreement on a 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) scale to the following: "I get along with my neighbors who don't have the same political view as me," M = 3.80, SD = 0.97. ↩
Participants were asked: "When you have different political views than people in your community, do you generally think it's better to …" Participants could either select: "talk about these differences in order to try to find common ground" (56.5%) or "avoid talking about these differences because it usually makes things worse" (43.5%). ↩
These were the results of two ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses. When affective polarization was the dependent variable, the model was significant, R² = 0.26, Adjusted R2 = 0.26, F = 31.75, p < .001. Getting along with neighbors who disagree with you (β = -0.09, p = .001), talking with neighbors who disagree with you (β = -0.18, p < .001), and preferring to discuss differences (β = -0.15, p < .001) all showed significant relationships with affective polarization. Age (β = 0.13, p < .001), gender (β = 0.08, p = .01), race (β = 0.08, p = .01), and partisan strength (β = 0.42, p < .001) also showed significant correlations, but education and political party did not. The reference categories were female for gender and white for race. When out-party prejudice was the dependent variable, the model was also significant, R² = 0.07, Adjusted R² = 0.06, F = 6.81, p < .001. Talking with neighbors who disagree with you (β = 0.09, p = .02) and preferring to discuss differences (β = -0.09, p = .02) both showed significant relationships with out-party prejudice, but getting along with neighbors who disagree with you did not (β = -0.03, p = .38) did not. Age (β = 0.08, p = .02), being a Republican (β = -0.31, p = .001), being a Democrat (β = -0.28, p = .001) and partisan strength (β = 0.28, p < .001) also showed significant correlations, but gender, race, and education did not. In both models, partisan strength was coded as 1 = independent, 2 = lean (towards either party), 3 = weak partisan (either party), 4 = strong partisan (either party). ↩
The survey was conducted May 1 through June 3, 2020. A total of 1,391 people answered questions about their political views and how they discuss politics with people who disagree with them, but data from 279 were excluded from analysis because it appeared they attempted to take the survey more than once. This left 1,112 respondents. ↩
Participants were asked a screening question, "Would you say you follow what is going on in government and public affairs," and were only permitted to continue with the survey if they answered "some" or "most of the time." ↩
Participants were asked a screening question, "Do you feel like you live in a community where people hold different political views?" and were only permitted to continue with the survey if they answered "yes." ↩


One of the models in my IT Management Models book is about escalating critical support issues.
Escalation steps should take place automatically for certain circumstances. Develop processes and teach your IT staff how and when issues should be escalated and to whom the escalation needs to go.
Every type of business has circumstances that justify escalation to higher level managers. Establish your IT escalation procedures to protect the business and to help your team be successful.
There are times when issues need to be escalated to more experienced people in your organization. Sometimes, the information may need to be escalated to senior management outside of your organization. It is important to establish clear escalation procedures in your organization so critical business issues get the proper amount of attention at the earliest possible moment.
Escalating when appropriate should be automatic and simply part of the process of supporting the technology.
Define escalation procedures: What, when, and to whom – When defining the escalation procedures you need in your IT operation, you must be specific as to what requires an escalation act. Define clearly to whom the escalated message should go to or what does one do in the escalation procedure. You also should define when an issue gets escalated. In my IT operations, I will set up escalation procedures for all types of business situations when I believe it will improve our support operation. In a few cases, I want to be notified immediately so I can be sure we are looking at the problem with a management perspective as well as a technical one.
Build escalation procedures that help your team succeed – Escalation procedures can help your team be more successful because they position the team to be more responsive to problem issues that can occur. Getting stronger skills on a "down system" issue quickly in order to minimize the downtime you might incur is a positive thing for all involved.
Escalation procedures protect the business – Protecting the business is our job when it comes to managing technology. Responding quickly and if necessary with an "all hands on deck" response to a critical issue is appropriate when we are talking about mitigating business continuity risk.
Coach your team so they are "automatic" – You want your escalation procedures to take place automatically. Coach employees, inspect the process with simulated drills, and do what is necessary to get them handling escalation steps automatically; you will be glad you did when they have to escalate an issue.
Click here to learn more about IT Management Models.
This entry was posted in IT Manager Tips and tagged escalation, it management, it manager tools. Bookmark the permalink.


I still hear from some patients that they have no idea where to turn for pediatric flat foot / flatfeet advice. The video above is a great resource as well as the videos below highlighting the problems kids go through with their feet. Not all pediatric flat foot deformities are surgical cases. In fact, most are treated conservatively. But true surgical cases must be managed by those with extensive experience and training for such. Here is link to a flow chart as recommend treatment protocols by the American College of Foot & Ankle Surgeons.


Guest Book for David J. Picard Jr.
Fri February 01, 2019 I am out of town and will be unable to make it to attend the visitation. I always admired Dave, and he taught me many things about the knife industry, including visits to France, England, and Germany. Dave deserves his place on our Wall of Fame, and was a genuine, honorable man. My sympathies to Yvette and your family.
Fri February 01, 2019 Yvette, I am so sorry to read of David's passing. He was a fine man and a wonderful person to work with at Russell Harrington (now Dexter Russell).
Fri February 01, 2019 PRESCIOUS MEMORIES OF OUR NEIGHBOR DAVID AND HIS FAMILY. THINKING OF YOU AT THIS TIME. WISHING YOU COMFORT AND PEACE AND SHARING MANY MEMORIES OF YOUR LIFE TOGETHER.
Fri February 01, 2019 Yvette, Phil,Marie,Michelle, and Celeste, I am SO sorry for the loss of your dad.(Husband to Yvette). When I met Phil at Photo club in Sutton High School, we became great friends very quickly. Shortly,he invited me to come to his house in Manchaug on Darling Lane.I met David, Yvette and sisters and became part of their family VERY quickly as well. Today, Friday,after my dad informed me of his passing, I delayed my trip to Boston for business and went straight to that well known address of Darling Lane in Manchaug to pay my respects to my extended family. Yvette greeted me at the door and after a long sympathy hug, swiftly said "come in and have some food and drink" She knew before I'd even ask the old question, ' BUT WHEN DO WE EAT?" This line (coined by myself )was part of an old family joke as I was 'an adopted' member of the Picard family. Rest in Peace David and I hope you take your camera to Heaven because you will get the most beautiful photos there. I even bet you will help God compose and light them for us hear on earth.
Sat February 02, 2019 We are so sad to hear of David's passing but grateful that he passed quickly. He was a kind, talented and loving husband, father, grandfather and friend. We loved his photographs and his wit. We will miss you greatly, my friend. Sending love to Yvette and all her family. See you soon.
Sun February 03, 2019 Yvette, our deepest sympathy to you. We are very saddened to hear of your loss. Please accept our condolences extended to your family.
Mon February 04, 2019 My condolences to the family. I came to know David with his involvement in Town business. A number of people were impressed by his calm, low key, thoughtful approach to the subject at hand. He declined my several efforts to have him more involved with the workings of the Town - a loss for all of us. My sincere admiration of and sympathies to his wife who cared for David at home and at St Camillus.


After years of working for a chain store, Amanda Kuhn was tired of seeing customers merely being treated like a number and being thought of as nothing more than a sale. Her solution? Open her own clothing store where customers are treated with respect. This is where Pink Pearl comes in.
Amanda talked of opening her own clothing boutique for years, and after too many years of hearing about it, her husband finally told her to open the store of her dreams or stop talking about it. So, after almost 15 years of managing a retail store, Amanda took the jump and left her job, with every intention of opening her own store.
Ideas were constantly bounced around between family and friends and finally Amanda landed on the name Pink Pearl. From here, the process started - the perfect location was found and product was ordered to fill the space. Every since the store opened in March of 2013, customers have been treated like people, not numbers. Employees get to build relationships with their customers, learning about what's going on in their lives, making them smile if they're having a bad day and really building lasting bonds - something that's hard to find nowadays.
When she is not helping customers, Amanda is typically searching for new and unique items to order for the store. If customers are looking for the basic everyday item, they can find that at the mall. Pink Pearl offers the unique and one-of-a-kind pieces that you can't find everywhere. The inventory is constantly changing, as items are only ordered once, and come with just five or six pieces per pack. Once an item is sold out, it is not reordered, but instead something new is ordered in, keeping customers coming back monthly, weekly or even daily.
It's been four years and counting and Pink Pearl is still going strong.
So, if you've been looking for a fun place to do a little shopping, come check us out.


It's easy to imagine a fuzzy bumble bee when you look at the golden honey and black beads on this nose piercing hoop! Dainty in size, the glass beads are intended to sit closely to your nostril - so make sure you pick out a size that fits your piercing perfectly! Choose between a silver, grey, or gold colored wrap to further customize your ring.
Super cute, i love it and came right on time!!! Thank you!!
Beautiful rings! The perfect size, excellent quality, and packaged with care. You're getting quality and striking design.


text:
import urllib
import os
import sqlite3
import requests
import json
import xlwt
import math
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
from datetime import *
from pycookiecheat import chrome_cookies

regularStyle = xlwt.easyxf(
    'alignment: horiz centre; font: name Microsoft YaHei')

window = Tk()

# 检查请求次数,返回响应日期

def getRequestCount(begin_date, end_date):

    beginDate = datetime.strptime(begin_date, '%Y-%m-%d')

    endDate = datetime.strptime(end_date, '%Y-%m-%d')

    count = math.ceil((endDate - beginDate).days / 100.0)

    dates = []

    for index in range(0, int(count) - 1):

        beginDate = (beginDate + timedelta(days=100))

        dates.append(beginDate.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))

    dates.append(endDate.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))

    print(u'== 根据时间间隔需要请求' + str(int(count)) + u'次 ==')

    return dates

# 获取含头部的sheet

def getSheet(begin_date, end_date):

    wb = xlwt.Workbook()

    sheet = wb.add_sheet(begin_date + ' - ' + end_date)

    sheet.write(0, 0, u'发布时间', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 1, u'标题', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 2, u'送达人数', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 3, u'图文阅读人数', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 4, u'图文阅读次数', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 5, u'分享人数', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 6, u'分享次数', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 7, u'收藏人数', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 8, u'收藏次数', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 9, u'公众号会话阅读(一次传播)', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 10, u'公众号分享朋友圈(一次传播)', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 11, u'朋友圈分享(二次传播)', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 12, u'朋友圈阅读(二次传播)', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 13, u'公众号会话', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 14, u'好友转发', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 15, u'朋友圈', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 16, u'历史消息', regularStyle)

    sheet.write(0, 17, u'其它', regularStyle)

    return wb, sheet

def saveSheet(wb, name):

    wb.save(name + '.xls')

def writeSheet(sheet, start, items):

    print(u'== 开始写入 ==')

    index = start

    for item in items:

        sheet.write(index, 0, item['publish_date'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 1, item['title'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 2, item['target_user'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 3, item['int_page_read_user'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 4, item['int_page_read_count'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 5, item['share_user'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 6, item['share_count'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 7, item['add_to_fav_user'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 8, item['add_to_fav_count'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 9, item['int_page_from_session_read_user'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 10, item['feed_share_from_session_user'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 11, item['feed_share_from_feed_user'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 12, item['int_page_from_feed_read_user'], regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 13, '%.2f%%'%(item['int_page_from_session_read_count']/float(item['int_page_read_count'])*100), regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 14, '%.2f%%'%(item['int_page_from_friends_read_count']/float(item['int_page_read_count'])*100), regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 15, '%.2f%%'%(item['int_page_from_feed_read_count']/float(item['int_page_read_count'])*100), regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 16, '%.2f%%'%(item['int_page_from_hist_msg_read_count']/float(item['int_page_read_count'])*100), regularStyle)

        sheet.write(index, 17, '%.2f%%'%(item['int_page_from_other_read_count']/float(item['int_page_read_count'])*100), regularStyle)

        index = index + 1

    print(u'== 写入成功 ==')

    return index

# 获取微信数据

def getWechatData(begin_date, end_date, token):

    print(u'== 开始请求 ==')

    url = 'http://mp.weixin.qq.com/misc/appmsganalysis'

    params = {'action': 'all',
              'begin_date': begin_date,
              'end_date': end_date,
              'order_by': '1',
              'order_direction': '1',
              'token': token,
              'lang': 'zh_CN',
              'f': 'json',
              'ajax': '1'}

    headers = {
        'cache-control': 'no-cache',
    }

    cookies = chrome_cookies('http://mp.weixin.qq.com')

    response = requests.request(
        'GET', url, headers=headers, params=params, cookies=cookies)

    respJson = json.loads(response.text)

    if respJson['base_resp']['ret'] == 0:

        items = json.loads(respJson['total_article_data'])['list']

        print(u'== 请求成功,请求量为' + str(len(items)) + '个 ==')

        return items

    elif respJson['base_resp']['ret'] == -1:

        print(u'== 请使用Chrome到mp.weixin.qq.com进行登录 ==')

        messagebox.showinfo(
            title=u'温馨提示', message=u'请使用Chrome到mp.weixin.qq.com进行登录')

        return -1

    elif respJson['base_resp']['ret'] == 200040:

        print(u'== Token错误 ==')

        print(respJson)

        messagebox.showinfo(title=u'Token错误', message=u'请重新填写Token')

        return -1

    elif respJson['base_resp']['ret'] == 200003:

        print(u'== Session过期,请重新登录 ==')

        print(respJson)

        messagebox.showinfo(title=u'Session过期', message=u'请重新登录')

        return -1

    else:

        print(u'== 未知错误,请联系陈艾森 ==')

        messagebox.showinfo(title=u'未知错误', message=u'请联系陈艾森')

        return -1

# 开始请求数据

def runRequestData(begin_date, end_date, token):

    wb, sheet = getSheet(begin_date, end_date)

    index = 1

    requestDates = getRequestCount(begin_date, end_date)

    startTime = begin_date

    for pos in range(0, len(requestDates)):

        date = requestDates[pos]

        print(u'== 第 ' + str(pos + 1) + u' 次 : ' +
              startTime + u' - ' + date + u' ==')

        items = getWechatData(startTime, date, token)

        if items == -1:

            return

        index = writeSheet(sheet, index, items)

        startTime = date

    saveSheet(wb, begin_date + '-' + end_date)

    print(u'== 执行成功 ==')

    messagebox.showinfo(title=u'执行成功', message=u'文件保存为 ' +
                        begin_date + '-' + end_date + u'.xls')

# 初始化输入框

def initInputWindow():

    window.title(u'微信统计')

    beginInput = StringVar()
    endInput = StringVar()
    tokenInput = StringVar()

    today=date.today()
    sevenDays=timedelta(days=7)
    sevenDaysAgo=today-sevenDays
    beginInput.set(sevenDaysAgo)
    endInput.set(today)

    Label(window, text=u'开始时间:').grid(row=0)
    Label(window, text=u'结束时间:').grid(row=1)
    Label(window, text=u'Token:').grid(row=2)

    Entry(window, width=20, textvariable=beginInput).grid(row=0, column=1)
    Entry(window, width=20, textvariable=endInput).grid(row=1, column=1)
    Entry(window, width=20, textvariable=tokenInput).grid(row=2, column=1)

    Button(window, text=u'执行', command=lambda: runRequestData(
        beginInput.get(), endInput.get(), tokenInput.get())).grid(row=3, columnspan=2)

    window.mainloop()

initInputWindow()


Fourth Normal Form comes into picture when Multi-valued Dependency occur in any relation. In this tutorial we will learn about Multi-valued Dependency, how to remove it and how to make any table satisfy the fourth normal form.
Follow the video above for complete explanation of 4th Normal Form. Or, if you want, you can even skip the video and jump to the section below for the complete tutorial.
In our last tutorial, we learned about the boyce-codd normal form, we suggest you to follow the last tutorial before this one.
It should be in the Boyce-Codd Normal Form.
And, the table should not have any Multi-valued Dependency.
Let's try to understand what multi-valued dependency is in the next section.
For a dependency A → B, if for a single value of A, multiple value of B exists, then the table may have multi-valued dependency.
Also, a table should have at-least 3 columns for it to have a multi-valued dependency.
And, for a relation R(A,B,C), if there is a multi-valued dependency between, A and B, then B and C should be independent of each other.
If all these conditions are true for any relation(table), it is said to have multi-valued dependency.
Below we have a college enrolment table with columns s_id, course and hobby.
As you can see in the table above, student with s_id 1 has opted for two courses, Science and Maths, and has two hobbies, Cricket and Hockey.
You must be thinking what problem this can lead to, right?
Well the two records for student with s_id 1, will give rise to two more records, as shown below, because for one student, two hobbies exists, hence along with both the courses, these hobbies should be specified.
And, in the table above, there is no relationship between the columns course and hobby. They are independent of each other.
So there is multi-value dependency, which leads to un-necessary repetition of data and other anomalies as well.
How to satisfy 4th Normal Form?
To make the above relation satify the 4th normal form, we can decompose the table into 2 tables.
Now this relation satisfies the fourth normal form.
A table can also have functional dependency along with multi-valued dependency. In that case, the functionally dependent columns are moved in a separate table and the multi-valued dependent columns are moved to separate tables.
If you design your database carefully, you can easily avoid these issues.


text:
Exclusive news delivered to your inbox.
What Happens When We Sexualize Young Girls
By Rajvi Desai
When L.B. was a teenager, she was constantly told she couldn't wear shorts outside, because it might tempt people. When she felt people's eyes on her legs, she started covering up. Well into puberty, people would tell her she was "filling out her hips nicely," which would be "all the better to have children." This happened everywhere — at the gym, L.B. would hear her trainer snigger while she did squats. At med school, she felt her professors did not take her seriously when she wore pants instead of a salwar kameez. She always felt like she had to make her body less obvious, and protect it from the outside world.
"Even though I still don't care what other people think, I have imbibed behaviors of dressing, acting, that don't make me feel sexualized," she said.
The American Psychological Association (APA) describes the ways in which feel sexualized— when a person feels like their value is derived only from their sexual appeal or behavior, when they are held to a standard of appearance that equates physical attractiveness with being sexy, when they are sexually objectified and made to feel their existence is for others' sexual use, and/or if sexuality is imposed on them.
The last two examples, the APA says, are the ones we subject children to the most, especially young girls. Sexualization exists on a spectrum, the organization says, with sexualized evaluation, or looking at someone in a sexual way on one end, and sexual exploitation, such as abuse and trafficking, on the other.
Young girls can feel sexualized through the media, when exposed to movies, music, television and advertisements that target their appearance, and by interpersonal communications, through parents, friends, teachers and other family members, according to the APA. If influential persons in a young girl's life convey sexualized ideas about her, "which is likely given that the sexualization of women and heterosexual interactions are a key dimension of dominant cultural femininity," the beliefs will be transferred onto the child.
When Sadhika Burman was selected to be in her schools' swimming team at age 13, she recalls her coach asking her to wax her body so she could look "glam and spotless," she recalled. "With tournament venues crowded by people my age, I would feel like I had all eyes on me. I believe I was in an age where I was way too old for two-piece swimming suits and still a little young to rock the professional Vs. Today, when I look back, somewhere I still find a very conscious girl. The idea of having bigger breasts and no hair was a little hard for me to follow. Because I had neither." She made all efforts to ensure every hair on her body was plucked and waxed, and recalled feeling the need to look flawless constantly. "Eventually, as I grew older, I realized I am not bound to do it. Body hair is not a shame to have and absolutely no reason to frown upon," the now 22-year-old, said.
Related on The Swaddle:
What Sadhika underwent as a young girl is a phenomenon the APA deems "self-objectification" — a self-inflicted phenomenon when girls internalize an observer's perspective on their physical selves and learn to treat themselves as objects to be looked at and evaluated for their appearance. There are several theories coined by scholars as to how this happens. One holds that girls learn their gender roles through a process of social reward-and-punishment in interactions with others; other theories suggest that simply existing in a social milieu, or observing people that have imbibed rhetoric around sexualization, will affect the way girls see themselves, even without direct reinforcement. Ultimately, in whichever way young girls see or experience sexualization in society, it is probable they will internalize it, APA says.
Comments on a girl's body are often experienced as comments on her sexuality, APA says, adding that "such encouragement for girls to look at their bodies rather than attend to their feelings teaches them to treat their bodies as objects to be decorated and made desirable for others; as they mature into adolescence, such looking becomes sexualized." In such cases, a girl's relationship with her mother plays a major role in how she looks at herself.
For Neha Kapoor, 21, the first feelings of sexualization were of discomfort about her developing breasts. She was told explicitly to get some innerwear, which made her uncomfortable, embarrassed and made her think the way her body was growing was unacceptable to those around her. When she started wearing bras at her mother's behest, a whole host of other issues were pointed out to her — by friends, who asked her to reposition her bra; by her school's principal, who asked the girls to wear a vest over the white uniform so boys couldn't see their bras; an again by her mother, who chastized her every time her bra strap or cleavage showed.
"The off-putting stare, [which] most of the times I get, started around the time I hit puberty," Kapoor said. "That's when the thought struck me that maybe I am turning into a woman, and maybe this is the look I might get for the rest of my life."
For Kapoor, the relentless sexualization also prompted questions in later life: "Why is there a need to cover our breasts? What's wrong with not wearing a bra? Why [do] we have to hide our innerwear, irrespective of whether we are wearing them, or [whether] they are just lying with a stack of our other clothes?" At a loss for the answers, Kapoor said she became wary of her body. She got cautious of the clothes she wore — the length, especially. She stopped wearing shorts and skirts, in order to feel less uncomfortable with her body.
"As a grown up, I definitely have more freedom and don't have to obey to anyone. But the hullabaloo around a woman's body still persists," Kapoor said. "Sometimes, it's easier for me to stop people from commenting on my or anyone's clothes and body, but also, sometimes being ignorant and going ahead with your own thing is a bliss."
Sexualization, and the internalization of it, has fostered a society where sexual harassment is normalized, especially against women whose bodies are considered inherently sexual. Studies found that the "most common form of harassment was being made the object of sexual jokes, comments, gestures, or looks; next most frequent was being touched, grabbed, pinched, or brushed up against in a sexual way," APA reports.
When W.M. was 13, she was shocked at how her body had matured, compared to the spindly kid she had been. By 15, she was in a sexual relationship with an older man "who controlled every single aspect of [her] life," including how she walked, talked, ate, dressed, lived, and interacted with her parents, she said. "I feel like I grew up in a Stranger Things kind of world. Cookie cutter pleasant on the surface and roiling groping fucking uncles on the flip side." After a few years away at a foreign educational institution, she realized she needn't consider herself as "fair game for every groping male."
But a sense of fear had always accompanied her growing up, when she realized she was not protected, and if she didn't grow up and do something about the way she was perceived by family and friends, rampant sexualization would continue to happen to her and other young girls in her family.
"Because I faced the actual fear of being much smaller, younger, and less powerful than my predators, facing ones my own size is comparatively simpler," she said. "Last year, in the wake of the #MeToo [movement], I came out to a lot of them. I named names. I described incidents. It destroyed some relationships and it greatly strengthened others. Childhood sexualization almost always is followed by childhood sexual assault. At least in my experience. Which basically means the elimination of childhood itself."
While W.M. feels angry toward the way she was sexualized by the men around her, it's the society who lets it happen, without any warning or care, that she wants to dismantle. "It intrinsically altered who I am, how I view the world, how I protect others," she said. "So, I focus on those aspects — on never letting sexualization rest without a response to prevent it from transitioning into assault.
Every time I hide, I'm protecting the wrong people."
beauty | gender roles | gender violence | Little Women | sexism
Written By Rajvi Desai
Rajvi Desai is The Swaddle's Culture Editor. After graduating from NYU as a Journalism and Politics major, she covered breaking news and politics in New York City, and dabbled in design and entertainment journalism. Back in the homeland, she's interested in tackling beauty, sports, politics and human rights in her gender-focused writing, while also co-managing The Swaddle Team's podcast, Respectfully Disagree.
See all articles by Rajvi
Latest Culture articles
Adapting In Solidarity
How 'The Last of Us' TV Adaptation Elevates a Canonical Queer Storyline
The third episode rewrites canon and upends the 'bury your gays' trope -- allowing humanity to shine through the bleakness.
By Akankshya Bahinipaty
Designing With Disability
Lollapalooza's Inadequate Accessibility Facilities Show the Need For Disability‑First Planning
Lollapalooza India's accessibility facilities shows the need for disability-first design -- not only in festivals, but in all spheres of life.
Failing at Failing
Woe Is Me! "How Do I Cope With Academic Failure While My Friends Succeed?"
Woe Is Me! is a series in which The Swaddle team indulges your pity party with advice you'll probably ignore.
By The Swaddle Team
De-Urbanization In Progress
Why Bollywood Moved Away From Urban Romances in Favor of Small‑Town Ones
Socio-economic shifts in the country have changed what Indian audiences relish -- and it is no longer the idealized NRI archetype.
By Devrupa Rakshit
Discipline and Behavior
Healthy Development
Kids' Nutrition and Eating
Screen Time and Digital Literacy
Sexuality and Gender
Your weekly dose of health, gender & culture in India -- and why it matters.
© Swaddle Projects Private Limited 2020. All Rights Reserved
Your email address will not be published. Required fields *.
The latest in health, gender & culture in India -- and why it matters. Delivered to your inbox weekly.


Why teach: Because I want to help enable our future to make better decisions than those from our past.
Transitional Kindergarten (TK) – a relatively new grade that began in California about five years ago to accommodate children with Fall birthdays who did not meet the state's most recent kindergarten age cutoff of turning five before September 1st.
Montessori – Danielle mentioned Montessori briefly in comparing it to the very play-based TK program she helped to launch at Emerson Elementary school in Oakland, CA. More about this topic in an upcoming post as a Montessori trained teacher is on the schedule for an upcoming podcast!
Meet and Spin with Danielle in Person!
Danielle is a wealth of knowledge and experience, and also doubles as a spin studio instructor! If you happen to live in, or around, the Benicia, CA area, be sure to attend one of her spin classes at JPower Studio. You can find Danielle combining her passion for both teaching and exercise here every Wednesday morning at 5:30am, Thursday nights at 5:30pm and alternating weekends – check out the schedule.