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How Do Big Media Outlets So Often "Independently Confirm" Each Other's Falsehoods?
The Washington Post's media-spread error about Trump's Georgia call shows the deceitful playbook first invented to undermine Trump and promote Russiagate.
NBC News' national security reporter and long-time de facto CIA spokesman Ken Dilanian purporting to "independently confirm" a false CNN story, Dec. 8, 2017
There were so many false reports circulated by the dominant corporate wing of the U.S. media as part of the five-year-long Russiagate hysteria that in January, 2019, I compiled what I called "The 10 Worst, Most Embarrassing U.S. Media Failures on the Trump-Russia Story." The only difficult part of that article was choosing which among the many dozens of retractions, corrections and still-uncorrected factual falsehoods merited inclusion in the worst-ten list. So stiff was the competition that I was forced to omit many huge media Russiagate humiliations, and thus, to be fair to those who missed the cut, had to append a large "Dishonorable Mention" category at the end.
That the entire Russiagate storyline itself was a fraud and a farce is conclusively demonstrated by one decisive fact that can never be memory-holed: namely, the impetus for the scandal and subsequent investigation was the conspiracy theory that the Trump campaign had secretly and criminally conspired with the Russian government to interfere in the 2016 election, primarily hacking into the email inboxes of the DNC and Clinton campaign chief John Podesta. And a grand total of zero Americans were accused (let alone convicted) of participating in that animating conspiracy.
The New York Times' May, 2017 announcement of Robert Mueller as special counsel stated explicitly that his task was "to oversee the investigation into ties between President Trump's campaign and Russian officials" and specifically "investigate 'any links and/or coordination between the Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump.'"
The related secondary media-created conspiracy theory was that the Kremlin clandestinely controlled U.S. political institutions by virtue of sexual and financial blackmail held over President Trump, which they used to compel him to obediently obey their dictates. "I don't know what the Russians have on the president, politically, personally, or financially" was the dark innuendo which House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and her media allies most loved to spout. "Prestige news" outlets created their own Q-Anon-level series of art designed to implant in Americans' minds a slew of McCarthyite imagery showing the Kremlin (or an iconic Moscow cathedral they mistook for the Kremlin) having fully infiltrated Washington's key institutions.
Cover story of The New Yorker, Feb. 24, 2017
But that all came crashing down on their heads in April, 2019, when Mueller announced that he was closing his investigation without charging even a single American with the criminal conspiracy that launched the entire spectacle: criminally conspiring with the Russian government to interfere in the election. Again: while Mueller — like so many Washington special counsels before him — ended up snaring some operatives in alleged process crimes committed after the investigation commenced (lying to the FBI and obstruction of justice) or unrelated crimes (Manafort's financial sleaze), the 18-month aggressive, sprawling investigation resulted in exactly zero criminal charges on the core claim that Trump officials had criminally conspired with Russia.
If that were not sufficient to make every person who drowned the country in this crazed conspiracy theory feel enormous shame (and it should have been), the former FBI Director's final Report explicitly stated that "the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election." In many cases, the Report went even further than this "did not establish" formulation to state that there was no evidence of any kind found for many of the key media conspiracies ("The investigation did not identify evidence that any U.S. persons knowingly or intentionally coordinated with the IRA's interference operation"; the "evidence does not establish that one campaign official's efforts to dilute a portion of the Republican platform was undertaken at the behest of candidate Trump or Russia"; "the investigation did not establish that [Carter] Page coordinated with the Russian government in its efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election"). The Report also barely even dignified let alone confirmed the long-standing, utterly deranged Democratic/media conspiracy theory that the Kremlin had taken over U.S. policy through blackmail.
The Advocate, Mar. 10, 2017
For a few weeks following the issuance of the Mueller report, Democrats and media figures gamely attempted to deny that it obliterated the conspiracy theories to which they had relentlessly subjected the country for the prior four years. How could they do otherwise? They staked their entire reputations and the trust of their audience on having this be true. To avoid their day of reckoning, they would hype ancillary events such as Paul Manafort's conviction on unrelated financial crimes or Michael Flynn's guilty plea for a minor and dubious charge (for which even Mueller recommended no prison time) or Roger Stone's various process charges to insist that there was still a grain of truth to their multifaceted geopolitical fairy tale seemingly lifted straight from a Tom Clancy Cold War thriller about the world's two largest nuclear powers.
But even they knew this was just a temporary survival strategy and that it was unsustainable for the long term. That the crux of the scandal all along was that key Trump allies if not the President himself would be indicted and imprisoned for having conspired with the Russians was too glaring to make people forget about it.
That was why former CIA Director John Brennan assured the MSNBC audience in March — just weeks before Mueller closed his investigation with no conspiracy crimes alleged — that it was impossible that the investigation could close without first indicting Trump's children and other key White House aides on what Brennan correctly said was the whole point of the scandal from the start: "criminal conspiracy involving the Russians . . . . whether or not U.S. persons were actively collaborating, colluding, cooperating, involved in a conspiracy with them or not." Brennan strongly insinuated that among those likely to be indicted for criminally conspiring with the Russians were those "from the Trump family."
As we all know, literally none of that happened. Not only were Trump family members not indicted by Mueller on charges of "criminal conspiracy involving the Russians," no Americans were. Brennan believed there was no way that the Mueller investigation could end without that happening because that was the whole point of the scandal from the start. To explain why it had not happened up to that point after eighteen months of investigation by Mueller's subpoena-armed and very zealous team of prosecutors, Brennan invented a theory that they were waiting to do that as the final act because they knew they would be fired by Trump once it happened. But it never happened because Mueller found no evidence to prove that it did.
In other words, the conspiracy theory that the media pushed on Americans since before Trump's inauguration — to the point where it drowned out most of U.S. politics and policy for years — proved to have no evidentiary foundation. And that is one reason I say that the sectors of the media pretending to be most distraught at the spread of "disinformation" by anonymous citizens on Facebook and 4Chan are, in fact, the most aggressive, prolific and destructive disseminators of that disinformation by far (nor was it uncredentialed YouTube hosts, Patreon podcasters or Substack writers who convinced Americans to believe that Saddam Hussein possessed nuclear weapons and was in an alliance with Al Qaeda but rather the editor-heavy prestige outlets such as The New York Times, The New Yorker, NBC News and The Atlantic).
With the crux of the Russiagate conspiracy theory collapsed, U.S. media outlets began acknowledging — because they had to — that none of it was vindicated by Mueller's report. To do so, they abruptly nullified a rule that had been in place since Mueller's appointment: one may not speak ill of the former FBI Director because he is a patriotic man of the highest integrity and to malign him is to undermine the Brave Men and Women of the FBI Who Keep Us Safe. The only self-preservation tactic they could find to salvage their credibility was to turn on Mueller, quite viciously. Overnight, the storyline emerged: the conspiracy theory we pushed on you was correct all along, but Mueller was a coward and failed in his patriotic duty to say so.
While the hypocrisy of watching a media that for months demanded reverence for Mueller turn on a dime to accuse him of being a borderline-senile, unpatriotic coward was quite amazing, it was at least some progress toward acknowledging the undeniable reality that the media had collectively failed. Their dark conspiracies and predictions of doom were pipe dreams. They flooded the country with disinformation for years about all of this. And while they characteristically engaged in exactly zero self-reflection or self-critique — preferring to heap all the blame on Mueller instead for failing to find the evidence that is still out there of their cognitive derangements — it at least consecrated the fact that this scandal ended in humiliation for them.
When I created my top ten list of media Russiagate debacles, choosing the top ten was difficult but choosing the top spot was not. It is worth briefly revisiting that particular journalistic humiliation because of what it reveals about ongoing media behavior.
On the morning of December 8, 2017, CNN went on the air with one of the most cataclysmic and breathless scoops of the entire Russiagate saga. The network hauled out all of its most melodramatic graphics, music and host voice-tones to signify that this was it: the smoking gun, the ultimate bombshell, the final nail in the coffin, inescapable proof for their conspiracy theory. The big huge scoop notably came from its Congressional reporter Manu Raju (one of the favorite dumping grounds for false leaks by leading House Democrat Russiagate fanatics such as Rep. Adam Schiff and Eric Swalwell (D-CA)).
According to this historic CNN revelation, a stunning and incriminating email had been obtained by "congressional investigators," and "multiple sources" conveyed its contents to CNN. This email proved, said CNN, that Donald Trump Jr. was given advance access to the archive of DNC and Podesta emails ultimately published by WikiLeaks on September 14, 2016. This earth-shattering email to Trump, Jr. was dated September 4 — ten days before WikiLeaks began publishing — and this, in the minds of CNN, proved somehow that the Trump campaign was in on the plot from the start.
Now, even if Trump had been shown the archive in advance by WikiLeaks or someone else, it would not have remotely proven that the Trump campaign was a participant in the plot, but let us not get detained on that hypothetical. The CNN story was treated by the entire liberal sector of the press as the most devastating and incriminating evidence yet produced to prove the truth of the Russiagate conspiracy theory, with one particularly loyal Democratic partisan-writer using an image of a nuclear explosion to convey its significance:
Talking Points Memo editor Josh Marshall, Dec. 8, 2017
As it turns out, there was one small problem with the CNN story: it was completely and utterly false. The email to Trump, Jr. on which the entire bombshell was based was sent after WikiLeaks began publishing the archive, not before. And it was sent not by some super-secret inside source with the Kremlin or WikiLeaks, but by a random member of the public who, having read about the WikiLeaks publications in the newspaper, emailed Trump, Jr. to encourage him to take a look.
How "multiple sources" all got the date on the email wrong — mis-reading it as September 4 rather than the real date of the email: September 14 — was never explained by CNN. That is because corporate media outlets believe they owe the public no explanation or accountability for the massive errors they commit.
But what was most notable about this episode is that it was not just CNN which reported this fraudulent story. An hour or so after the network shook the political world with its graphics-and-music-shaped bombshell, other news networks — including MSNBC and CBS News — claimed that they had obtained what they called "independent confirmation" that the story was true.
All of these media outlets, reading Orwell as if it is an instruction manual, have now scrubbed most of the humiliating videos where they did this from the internet. But one can still watch here as NBC News' national security reporter and long-time de facto CIA spokesman Ken Dilanian breathlessly tells an MSNBC host, who herself can barely maintain her composure, that he has spoken with "sources" who have provided independent confirmation of the CNN story, thus adding NBC News' imprimatur to it. Shortly thereafter, CBS News did the same.
All of this prompted the obvious question: how could MSNBC and CBS News have both purported to "independently confirm" a CNN bombshell that was completely false? The reason this matters is because the term "independently confirm" significantly bolsters the credibility of the initial report because it makes it appear that other credible-to-some news organizations have conducted their own investigation and found more evidence that proves it is true. That is the purpose of the exercise: to bolster the credibility of the story in the minds of the public.
But what actually happens is as deceitful as it is obvious. When a news outlet such as NBC News claims to have "independently corroborated" a report from another corporate outlet, they often do not mean that they searched for and acquired corroborating evidence for it. What they mean is much more tawdry: they called, or were called by, the same anonymous sources that fed CNN the false story in the first place, and were fed the same false story. And just as CNN did — repeated what they were told (almost certainly by Democratic Congressional members and/or their staff) without independently investigating it, because they knew any anti-Trump story would please their partisan audience — NBC News pretended they had obtained "independent confirmation" when all they had done was speak to the same sources that fed CNN.
This episode is so worth recalling not only because it is one of the most stunning and pathetic media humiliations of the Trump era — though it is that — but also because the shoddy tactic that drove it is still in full use by the same media outlets. We just saw proof of that again with a major Washington Post "correction" — which should be called a retraction — of one of the most-discussed news stories of the last six months: the Post's claims about what Trump said when he called a Georgia election official while he was still contesting the 2020 election results.
On January 9, The Washington Post published a story reporting that an anonymous source claimed that on December 23, Trump spoke by phone with Frances Watson, the chief investigator of the Georgia Secretary of State's office, and directed her that she must "find the fraud" and promised her she would be "a national hero" if she did so. The paper insisted that those were actual quotes of what Trump said. This time, it was CNN purporting to independently confirm the Post's reporting, affirming that Trump said these words "according to a source with knowledge of the call."
But late last week, The Wall Street Journal obtained a recording of that call, and those quotes attributed to Trump do not appear. As a result, The Washington Post — two months after its original story that predictably spread like wildfire throughout the entire media ecosystem — has appended a correction at the top of its original story. Politico's Alex Thompson correctly pronounced these errors "real bad" because of how widely they spread and were endorsed by other major media outlets.
This is a different species of journalistic malpractice than mere journalistic falsehoods. As I detailed in February and again two weeks ago, the U.S. public was inundated for weeks with an utterly false yet horrifying story — that a barbaric pro-Trump mob had savagely murdered Capitol Police Officer Brian Sicknick by bashing his skull in with a fire extinguisher. That false tale about the only person said to have been killed at the January 6 riot other than pro-Trump supporters emanated from a New York Times report based on the claims of "two anonymous law enforcement officials."
As it turns out, Sicknick's autopsy revealed that he suffered no blunt trauma, and two men arrested this week were charged not with murder but assault and conspiracy to injure an officer: for using an unidentified gas. In reporting those arrests, even The New York Times acknowledged that "prosecutors stopped short of linking the attack to Officer Sicknick's death the next day" because "both officers and rioters deployed spray, mace and other irritants during the attack" and "it remains unclear whether Officer Sicknick died because of his exposure to the spray."
Many liberals defenders of these corporate media outlets insist that these major factual errors do not matter because the basic narrative — Trump and his supporters at the Capitol are bad people who did bad things — is still true. But these errors are enormous. That Trump, Jr. received that email from a random member of the public after WikiLeaks began publicly publishing documents transforms the story from smoking gun to irrelevant. That Trump did not utter the extremely incriminating quotes attributed to him in that call at least permits debate about whether he did anything wrong there and what his intent was (encouraging the official to find the fraud he genuinely believed was there or pressuring her to manufacture claims with threats and promises of reward). And there is, manifestly, a fundamental difference in both intent and morality between deliberately murdering someone by repeatedly bashing their skull in with a fire extinguisher and using a non-lethal crowd-control spray frequently used at protests even if it is ultimately proven that the spray is what caused Officer Sicknick's death (which is why those two acts would carry vastly different punishments under the law).
But all of this highlights the real crisis in journalism, the reason public faith and trust in media institutions is in free fall. With liberal media outlets deliberately embracing a profit model of speaking overwhelmingly to partisan Democrats who use them as their primary source of news, there is zero cost to publishing false claims about people and groups hated by that liberal audience.
That audience does not care if these media outlets publish false stories as long as it is done for the Greater Good of harming their political enemies, and this ethos has contaminated newsrooms as well. Given human fallibility, reporting errors are normal and inevitable, but when they are all geared toward advancing one political agenda or faction and undermining the other, they cease to be errors and become a deliberate strategy or, at best, systemic recklessness.
But whatever else is true, it is vital to understand what news outlets mean when they claim they have "independently verified" the uncorroborated reports of other similar outlets. It means nothing of consequence. In many if not most cases — enough to make this formulation totally unreliable — it signifies nothing more than their willingness to serve as stenographers for the same anonymous political operatives who fed their competitors similar propaganda.
Writes Free Thinking Through the Fourt…
I was a true believer on this and followed Maddow faithfully for most of the time during Obama's presidency and then through Trump's. She is incredibly persuasive in how she mines stories and digs up facts, so much so that it was very easy to fall into this trap. I read every book on Putin. I read Maddow's book. I believed all of the lines were clearly drawn to prove that he was a groomed Russian stooge. Watch the many movies on streaming about it. It is still absolutely true in the minds of most on the left. That was only the beginning of the hysteria, though. Now that Trump is gone it does not show signs of calming down. In fact, Maddow and everyone at MSNBC and CNN and in the mainstream press continue to behave as though they are STILL oppressed by the fear of Trump. January 6 was their Reichstag Fire to attain absolute power through fear - power across the board. What's most shocking is how the media is just willingly going along with it even now. That Washington Post story is a scandal and yet do a google search and the only stories that come up are on Fox and Newsweek. It should be at such a level of scandal people lose their jobs. But do you think they will? No. Moreover, when you have a media that essentially installed a president they are now invested in defending that president, their administration and all that goes along with it. Thus, they can't begin to untangle the fusion of government and media.
Ph8drus
CBS News is reporting that MSNBC has reported that NBC News has confirmed that the New York Times has identified an anonymous source who overheard someone close to the former administration claim that a person in Trump's inner circle stated on a private phone call that Trump is...controlled by Satan!
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Чугу́н — сплав железа с углеродом (и другими элементами), в котором содержание углерода — не менее 2,14 % (точка предельной растворимости углерода в аустените на диаграмме состояний), а сплавы с содержанием углерода менее 2,14 % называются сталью. Углерод придаёт сплавам железа твёрдость, снижая пластичность и вязкость. Углерод в чугуне может содержаться в виде цементита и графита. В зависимости от формы графита и количества цементита выделяют белый, серый, ковкий и высокопрочный чугуны. Чугуны содержат постоянные примеси (Si, Mn, S, P), а в некоторых случаях — также легирующие элементы (Cr, Ni, V, Al и другие). Как правило, чугун хрупок. Плотность чугуна - 7.874 г/см3

Выплавляется чугун, как правило, в доменных печах. Температура плавления чугуна — от 1147 до 1200 °C, то есть примерно на 300 °C ниже, чем у чистого железа.

Этимология
Русское слово «чугун» считается прямым заимствованием из тюркских языков:

ČOƔ [чог] блеск, сияние; пламя, жар; крица → ČOƔÏN, ČOΔÏN [чогун, чодун] медь, чугун

Заимствование тюркского термина напрямую связано с массовым производством железа, чугуна и стали в городах Волжской Булгарии, Болгаре и Джукетау, в 14-15 веках.

Происхождение тюркского термина также связывают с  и . Однако при этом не указывается путь проникновения китайского термина в русский язык. Кроме того, не учитываются такие фонетические процессы в китайском языке, как сдвиг инициалей и сдвиг гласных. Иными словами, современное произношение китайский термин 鑄工 принял совсем недавно, не ранее 17 века.

В финском языке чугун обозначается словом Valurauta, которое имеет два корня и переводится как литое железо (rauta); аналогично и в английском языке (cast iron).

История

В начале I тысячелетия до  технология выплавки чугуна в тиглях была освоена в Китае и прилегающих Дальневосточных территориях. Шихта состояла из кричного железа и древесного угля, плавка производилась в течение нескольких суток при температуре выше 1200 °С. Позднее китайскими металлургами была изобретена специальная печь для выплавки чугуна из железной руды или кричного железа, получившая название «китайская» вагранка. Печь по сути представляла собой сыродутный горн высотой около 1 м, оборудованный дутьевым ящиком, обеспечивавшим приток воздуха в печь. В V—III веках до  в Китае было освоено производство сложных отливок из чугуна. Этот период принято считать началом художественного чугунного литья.

В начале I века в Китае появляются чугунные монеты, однако в широком применении вплоть до XIX века оставались бронзовые монеты. В XI веке был возведен чугунный шпиль пагоды Линсяо. XIV веком датируют находки чугунных котлов Золотой Орды (Тульская область), однако на территории Монголии (Каракорум) монголы умели изготовлять чугунные котлы ещё в XIII веке. В 1403 году в Китае (Пекин) был отлит чугунный колокол.

Появление чугуна в Европе относят к XIV веку, когда начались первые плавки в штюкофенах с получением жидкого чугуна. В России первый чугун был выплавлен в XVI веке. Наиболее активно первые домницы строились во 2-й половине XV века в Италии, Нидерландах и Бельгии. Немецкие металлурги длительное время продолжали плавить металл в блауофенах.

В XIV—XV веках в Европе, с XVI века — в России появились первые цельнолитые чугунные пушки и ядра. Первооткрывателем этой технологии считается мастер-литейщик Питер Боуде из деревни  работавший в литейной мастерской Генриха VIII.

В 1701 году Каменский чугунолитейный завод на Урале (Россия) производит первую партию чугуна (262 кг). На Урале чугунное литье превратилось в народный промысел. В XVIII веке в Англии появился первый чугунный мост. В России чугунный мост появился лишь в начале XIX века. Это стало возможным благодаря технологии Вилкинсона. В том же веке из чугуна начали изготавливать рельсы. Помимо промышленного использования чугун продолжал использоваться и в быту. В XVIII веке появились чугунки, которые широко стали использоваться в русской печи.

В начале XVIII века в Западной Европе обострилась проблема истощения лесов, использовавшихся для получения древесного угля. Начались поиски альтернативных видов топлива для доменных печей. Первые опыты по применению подготовленного каменного угля и торфа в доменной плавке производились в Англии и Германии ещё в первой половине XVII века. В начале XVIII века в Англии была освоена технология коксования каменного угля. В 1735 году в Англии впервые был выплавлен чугун с использованием только каменноугольного кокса. В дальнейшем коксовая металлургия распространилась по всему миру. К 1850 году 70 % всех существовавших в мире доменных печей работали на коксе, а к 1900 году — 95 %.

К концу XVIII века Россия занимала первое место по производству чугуна и выдавала 9908 тыс. пудов чугуна, в то время как Англия — 9516 тыс. пудов, дальше шли Франция, Швеция, США.

В начале XIX века был освоено производство ковкого чугуна. Во 2-й четверти XX века начали применять легирование чугуна.

В 1806 году Великобритания выплавляла 250 тыс. тонн чугуна, занимая 1-е место в мире по его производству, а к середине XIX века в Великобритании была сосредоточена половина мирового чугунного производства. Однако в 1890 году 1-е место по производству чугуна заняли США. Технология бессмеровского процесса (1856) и мартеновской печи (1864) впервые позволила получать сталь из чугуна. В XIX веке чугун широко используется для изготовления викторианских каминов, а также декоративных элементов (например, чугунная решетка памятника Александра II, 1890). Благодаря изготовлению малой скульптуры и ажурных изделий из чугуна широкую известность получили Кусинский и Каслинский заводы.

Развитие способов формовки для литья сложных художественных отливок на заводе в посёлке Касли привело к созданию способа изготовления стержневых форм, который применяют и в настоящее время, особенно в станкостроении. Также в XIX веке из чугуна изготавливались водопроводные и канализационные 12-дюймовые трубы Лондона.

Чугун используется в качестве растворителя углерода для производства термостойких монокристаллических синтетических алмазов.

Классификация

По цели использования получаемый чугун делится на
 передельный (используется для дальнейшего передела в сталь) и
 литейный (используется для дальнейшего изготовления отливок).

В зависимости от содержания углерода чугуны делятся на
 доэвтектические (2,14—4,3 % углерода),
 эвтектические (4,3 %),
 заэвтектические (4,3—6,67 %).

В зависимости от состояния и содержания углерода в чугуне, обусловливающего вид излома, различают
 белые (весь углерод находится в виде цементита, излом светлый, применяются в основном для изготовления ковких чугунов, которые получают путём отжига),
 серые (чугуны с содержанием кремния 1,2—3,5 % и примесей Mn, P, S, большая часть или весь углерод находится в виде графита пластинчатой формы, излом имеет серый цвет),
 половинчатые (отбелённые) чугуны.

В зависимости от формы графитовых включений выделяют чугуны
 с пластинчатым графитом (как правило, не подвергается легированию),
 с шаровидным графитом (высокопрочные),
 с вермикулярным графитом,
 с хлопьевидным графитом.

В зависимости от состава и структуры металлической основы выделяют
 перлитные,
 ферритные,
 перлитно-ферритные,
 аустенитные,
 бейнитные и
 мартенситные чугуны.

По назначению чугуны делятся на
 конструкционные и
 специальные.

По химическому составу чугуны делятся на
 легированные и
 нелегированные.

Маркировка
В промышленности разновидности чугуна маркируются следующим образом:
 передельный чугун — П1, П2;
 передельный чугун для отливок (передельно-литейный) — ПЛ1, ПЛ2;
 передельный фосфористый чугун — ПФ1, ПФ2, ПФ3;
 передельный высококачественный чугун — ПВК1, ПВК2, ПВК3;
 чугун с пластинчатым графитом — СЧ (цифры после букв «СЧ», обозначают величину временного сопротивления разрыву в кгс/мм).

Антифрикционный чугун:
 антифрикционный серый — АЧС;
 антифрикционный высокопрочный — АЧВ;
 антифрикционный ковкий — АЧК;
 чугун с шаровидным графитом для отливок — ВЧ (цифры после букв «ВЧ» означают временное сопротивление разрыву в кгс/мм и относительное удлинение (%);
 жаропрочный и жаростойкий чугун  — Ч.

Ковкий чугун маркируется двумя буквами и двумя числами, например КЧ 37-12. Буквы КЧ означают ковкий чугун, первое число — предел прочности на разрыв (в десятках мегапаскалей), второе число — относительное удлинение (в процентах), характеризующее пластичность чугуна.

Объёмы производства

В 1892 году Германия производила 4,9 миллиона тонн чугуна, против 6,8 в Англии, а в 1912 году уже 17,6 против 9,0

Мировое производство чугуна в 2009 году составило 898,261 млн тонн, что на 3,2 % ниже, чем в 2008 году (927,123 млн т). Первая десятка стран-производителей чугуна выглядела следующим образом:

За четыре месяца 2010 года мировой выпуск чугуна составил 346,15 млн тонн. Этот результат на 28,51 % больше по сравнению с аналогичным периодом 2009 года.

Галерея

В культуре и искусстве
 В повести Булгарина Правдоподобные небылицы (1824) описаны чугунные желоба для ездовых машин и чугунные дома.
 Чугун — Научно-популярный фильм, производство Свердловская киностудия.
 Дети чугунных богов (1993) — кинофильм.
 Чугунный скороход (1996) — музыкальная группа.

Примечания

Литература

 Physics and chemistry of solid state, № 4, 2014, vol. 15.

Чугун

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


From a quick glance at the result of the women's road race at the 2018 Road World Championships, you'd be forgiven for thinking the race was pedestrian. Just another predictable tale of Dutch dominance of the women's peloton as Anna van der Breggen won with a huge gap back to the second-placed Amanda Spratt.
After all, there's no surprise in yet another victory from a nation with such a deep well of talent that it leads the women's world rankings with more than twice the points of its nearest rival. It also isn't unreasonable to assume the strength of the Dutch would leave them unequivocally in control on a course that seemed tailor-made for their ace climbers, van der Breggen and Annemiek van Vleuten.
But it seems that the rest of the peloton learnt last year — when Chantal Blaak soloed to the win unchallenged — that playing it safe may not be the best way to go when the deck is so heavily stacked against you. So while the result may have been predictable, with one of the Dutch favourites winning comfortably, it certainly wasn't delivered through the formulaic pattern of the strongest team controlling the tempo until the fireworks of the final climb. A far more exciting and chaotic hand was played.


Nuclear power cooperation between South Korea and the USA has been formalised and extended for another 20 years with the signing of their 123 agreement, which allows South Korea a little more freedom to manage nuclear fuel.
The signing of the new deal,in Washington DC yesterday by Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz and Minister of Foreign Affairs Yun Byung-se "charts a joint path forward to address critical issues facing both civil nuclear programs, such as used fuel management and assured fuel supply," said the US National Nuclear Security Administration. "Like all 123 agreements it contains essential provisions to ensure non-proliferation and nuclear security."
The text matches that which was initialled by the countries' representatives in April and includes a slight change to terms covering reprocessing and enrichment of uranium, which were prohibited under previous agreements. Now, enrichment of uranium to create fuel for power plants could be developed "in the future through consultations with the USA". Reprocessing of used nuclear fuel remains off-limits, but the text opens the door for used fuel to be transported abroad for disposal.
South Korea has to import 97% of its fuel, and that is one reason it turned to nuclear power in the 1970s, beginning with a Westinghouse unit at Kori. It now operates 24 nuclear reactors for one-third of its electricity.
Formal cooperation agreements are required between countries that want to trade nuclear power goods and services, and those involving the USA are called 123 agreements after the paragraph of the country's 1954 Atomic Energy Act which requires them.
The South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs acknowledged the "especially intensive negotiations" that had taken place over the last few years. It had been keen to develop long-term policies on the so-called 'back end' of the nuclear fuel cycle - the storage and disposal of used nuclear fuel as well as potentially its reprocessing and recycling.
Although success on that front was limited, Yun said he was pleased the eventual agreement "calls mainly for the efficient management of used nuclear fuel, stable supply of nuclear fuel, and the promotion of nuclear exports". The ministry said it reflects South Korea's "enhanced stature", referring to the fact that it is exporting nuclear reactors to the UAE and hopes to do the same to other countries, including the USA.


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on a long flight, at work, school or anywhere you go throughout the day. Kit does not include tea tins, travel mug or other accoutrements. Every tea drinker is particular about their brewing and drinking equipment, so we won't presume. Fill the storage slots and pockets in the Kit Bag with your favorite accoutrements.


text:
Q: GCC multilib not installing in xubuntu laptop I have been trying to install GCC multilib for -m32 option in my xubuntu laptop, but I cannot install because of E: Package 'gcc-multilib' has no installation candidate error.
I have tried apt update && upgrade, but it doesn't seems to work still. How can I install gcc multilib in xubuntu?
I am using Xubuntu 18.04.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Established in 1991 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Green Fools Theatre is a non-profit, charitable society that creates, performs, and teaches physical theatre arts focusing on masks, puppets, and stilts for diverse audiences locally and internationally. Green Fools Theatre reaches thousands of audience members each year through performances, community events, festivals, and creative training opportunities. We have an extensive history of local, national and international touring. We utilize a variety of physical theatre, puppet and mask techniques as well as multiple artistic disciplines to tell our original stories, producing puppet shows and physical theatre productions that are literally out of the box inspired by our wondrous and mysterious world. With an eye on the past and hands on tradition, Green Fools Theatre also strives to advance our work and our art form by inventing and engineering new puppetry styles and ways of storytelling as well as innovative artistic processes merging content and form to create new world mythology. Our work is new and contemporary, handcrafted, original, and collaboratively created. Green Fools Theatre reaches tens of thousands of audience members each year through performances, community events, festivals, and creative training by extensive local touring, as well as some National and International touring.


text:
Alma este o stație a liniei  a metroului din Bruxelles și este situată în comuna Woluwe-Saint-Lambert din Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles, în Belgia.

Istoric
Împreună cu stațiile Roodebeek și Vandervelde, Alma a fost deschisă pe 7 mai 1982, odată cu extinderea liniei  după stația Tomberg. Până pe 31 august 1988, când a fost inaugurată prelungirea către Stockel / Stokkel, Alma a fost capătul estic al liniei 1B.

În planurile originale, stația Alma ar fi trebuit să fie construită sub clădirea Spitalului Universitar Saint-Luc, dar proiectul a fost modificat ulterior. Structura acelei stații încă există în teren, dar nu este accesibilă publicului.

Spre deosebire de majoritatea stațiilor metroului din Bruxelles, în stația Alma, construită în centrul campusului universitar UCLouvain Bruxelles Woluwe, nu sunt expuse lucrări de artă. Totuși, stația ca întreg se dorește a fi o lucrare de artă. Ea înfățișează o pădure ai cărei copaci sunt stâlpii de susținere, iar plafonul colorat amintește de nuanțele frunzișului de toamnă. Luminatoarele oferă o atmosferă limpede, iar curbele înlocuiesc unghiurile prea pronunțate. Proiectul stației a fost realizat de arhitectul belgian Lucien Kroll, iar decorațiunile de către soția acestuia, pictorița Simone Kroll.

Amplasarea la sol permite un acces facil, astfel că Alma a fost una dintre primele stații ale metroului din Bruxelles complet accesibile persoanelor cu handicap locomotor.

În anul 2018, Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles a declanșat procedurile de clasare a stației Alma în registrul patrimoniului protejat.

Caracteristici
Stația este situată în Piața Alma, care îi dă și numele. Există două intrări în incinta ei: una amplasată în partea de vest, cealaltă în partea de est. Ambele sunt dotate cu câte o scară rulantă și un ascensor. Alma urmează stilul constructiv obișnuit al stațiilor metroului din Bruxelles, cu liniile în centru și peroanele dispuse de o parte și de alta a lor.

Legături
Stația Alma este deservită de autobuzele liniei  ale rețelei nocturne Noctis.

Locuri importante în proximitatea stației
 Facultățile de Medicină, Farmacie, Stomatologie și Științe medicale ale Université catholique de Louvain;
 Spitalul Universitar Saint-Luc;
 Școala Practică de Înalte Studii Comerciale (EPHEC);
 Școala Superioară Leonardo da Vinci;
 Grădina de plante medicinale Paul Moens;
 Moara de vânt din Woluwe-Saint-Lambert;
 Muzeul farmaceutic Albert Couvreur.

Note

Vezi și
Metroul din Bruxelles

Legături externe

Stația Alma pe planul cartierului. Site-ul oficial al MIVB-STIB. Arhivat la Wayback Machine, pe 3 noiembrie 2021.

Stații de metrou din Bruxelles
Woluwe-Saint-Lambert
Fondări în 1982 în Belgia


text:
Q: OnLocationChanged() Doesn't work in background I'm using the following code to get user's current location. When app is on foreground it's working perfectly however when i try to change location at emulator in background it doesn't give me the location. What can i do?
class BackgroundLocation:Service(),LocationListener {

override fun onBind(intent: Intent?) = null

@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
    super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)
    val locationManager = getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager
    val locationListener = BackgroundLocation()
    locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,5000,10f,locationListener)

    return START_STICKY
}

override fun onLocationChanged(location: Location) {
   println(location.toString())
}

override fun onProviderDisabled(provider: String) {

}
override fun onProviderEnabled(provider: String) {

}
override fun onStatusChanged(provider: String?, status: Int, extras: Bundle?) {

}

}

A: Currently you are using a background service. It works when is running as and as soon as app goes in background, service stops.
To get continuous updated in background you need to update service to a foreground service.
ForegroundService.java
@Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        String input = intent.getStringExtra("inputExtra");
        createNotificationChannel();
        Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,
                0, notificationIntent, 0);
        Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, CHANNEL_ID)
                .setContentTitle("Foreground Service")
                .setContentText(input)
                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_stat_name)
                .setContentIntent(pendingIntent)
                .build();
        startForeground(1, notification);
        //do heavy work on a background thread
        //stopSelf();
        return START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

AndroidManifest.xml
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"/>

MainActivity.java
public void startService() {
    Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(this, ForegroundService.class);
    serviceIntent.putExtra("inputExtra", "Foreground Service Example in Android");
    ContextCompat.startForegroundService(this, serviceIntent);
}

If you are running the app on android 10 and above you need to request Background location.
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />

You can read all about background location, it limitation and foreground service here - https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/android-8.0-changes
https://developer.android.com/guide/components/services


text:
Author Archives: Tony Defeo
Posted on January 9, 2021 by Tony Defeo Standard	Reply
The Steelers are set to take on the Browns in an AFC wildcard game at Heinz Field on Sunday night, but if you think Cleveland is in trouble thanks to several players and head coach Kevin Stefanski being placed on the COVID list, guess again.
Pittsburgh is the squad in serious jeopardy of going one and done. Again.
Two years ago JuJu Smith-Schuster's fumble doomed the Steelers. This time it could be his mouth. Photo Credit: Butch Dill, AP via Tribune Review
While speaking virtually with the media during the week, Steelers receiver JuJu Smith-Schuster infected his squad with something even worse than COVID; he plagued Pittsburgh with negative bulletin board material that the Browns will surely use as an elixir to cure what ails them ahead of their first postseason game in 18 years.
"Nah, I think they're still the same Browns that I've played every year," Smith-Schuster said in a quote courtesy of CBS Sports.com. "I think they're nameless gray faces. They have a couple of good players on their team. But at the end of the day … the Browns are the Browns. It's AFC North football. They're a good team. I'm just happy we're playing them again."
Ouch…if you believe in such things.
I don't, of course.
Believing in bulletin board material is cute and all, but I don't think it has any effect on the outcome of a game. Oh, sure, players and coaches might say it gave them extra motivation after a win, but what about all those times a team has lost despite going into a game equipped with bulletin board material?
Funny how bulletin board material is never mentioned after a loss. I guess that's because the team that didn't shut up, put up.
Either that, or it's because bulletin board material doesn't mean squat.
Unfortunately, it doesn't matter what I think about bulletin board material, because if the clock strikes midnight on the Steelers' 2020 season this Sunday evening at Heinz Field, the fans and media will have a convenient scapegoat to blame: JuJu's mouth.
Just like with head coach Mike Tomlin's interview with Tony Dungy back in 2017 where he mentioned a possible postseason rematch with the Patriots weeks before he knew he'd have to win a rematch with the Jaguars before even facing New England, folks will point to Smith-Schuster's comments as the reason Pittsburgh lost to the Browns.
If you talk to someone during the offseason, they'll bring up Smith-Schuster's virtual press conference. If you listen to sports talk radio next summer ahead of the Steelers reporting to St. Vincents College for training camp (hopefully), they'll cite Pittsburgh's lack of focus and lack of respect for the Browns as to why the franchise came up short in the previous postseason.
Again, I think it's silly, but it's low-hanging fruit for the media and the masses, and it's easy to blame intangibles such as quotes and a player's social media activity than it is to acknowledge that the opposing team was just better on a certain day.
The Steelers and Browns have spent hours preparing for Sunday's postseason clash, and to think, the outcome could actually be decided by JuJu Smith-Schuster's perceived lack of respect for the Browns.
Unless the Steelers win, of course.
Roethlisberger Lets It Rip vs Colts Proving Steelers Right All Along
Posted on December 28, 2020 by Tony Defeo Standard	Reply
If you are a Steelers fan who is used to "experts" telling you that you don't know what you're talking about, you may have been confused as to why the team kept on trying to grind it out with an ineffective short-passing game during its recent three-game slide.
The Steelers went from 11-0 to 11-3, while the offense went from looking unstoppable to seeming totally anemic.
Ben Roethlisberger prepares to let it rip against the Colts. Photo Credit: Chaz Palla
The short-passing attack, one that had clearly been figured out by opposing defensive coordinators, was a bone of contention with just about everyone who watched and covered the team the previous month or so heading into Sunday's game against the Colts at Heinz Field.
Even while head coach Mike Tomlin, offensive coordinator Randy Fichtner and quarterback Ben Roethlisberger were stating that execution was the problem, it appeared that scheme and predictability were the real culprits.
Throughout the first half of Sunday's showdown against the Colts, Pittsburgh's offense continued to try to execute its short-passing game vs. yet another defense that didn't seem all that interested in adhering to social distancing.
The receivers were surrounded by defenders with each quick pass, and the offense accounted for a measly 98 yards in the first half.
"Why aren't they changing anything," you may have been screaming at your television, as the Colts opened up a 24-7 third-quarter lead. In fact, you may have no longer had a television following Pittsburgh's pathetic four attempts to score after securing a first and goal from the one.
But, just like that, as if the Steelers were Rocky to Indianapolis's Apollo when the former switched back to a lefty in the 15th round of Rocky II, the passing game began to open up. Roethlisberger started to go for the deep pass and hit receiver Diontae Johnson for a 39-yard score.
There were more deep throws — including one that led to a defensive pass interference penalty — and everything began to feel different. Roethlisberger's arm didn't look so lifeless. His supposedly injured knee didn't seem so injured. In fact, he even moved around in the pocket a time or two.
Tony Romo, the now famed color analyst for CBS' number one announcing crew, even mentioned that the Colts' defenders were starting to back off. They could no longer dare Roethlisberger to beat them with intermediate-to-deep passes because he was doing precisely that.
The Steelers' 17-point deficit had transformed into a 28-24 victory, complete with an AFC North crown that looked like a mere formality weeks ago before that puzzling slide began.
There was much speculation as to why the Steelers were so reluctant to move on from their short-passing attack that had proven to be quite successful early in the year before it no longer wasn't.
Was it Roethlisberger's health? Was it Roethlisberger's reluctance to stand in the pocket behind a once-formidable line that had perhaps seen its best days? With a playoff berth already secure, were the Steelers simply protecting their most valuable asset at the expense of a few regular-season games?
We may never know for sure. But we do know a problem when we see one. NFL head coaches are fond of telling us that football is a simple game, that it's not rocket science. Maybe that's why we get so angry when a simple solution isn't explored.
The Steelers did in the second half of Sunday's game what so many fans had been insisting that they must do to get the offense moving again–and it worked.
Take a bow if you're a Steelers fan who is reading this. Football isn't so complicated, after all, and the answers to problems are often as simple as they seem.
The Steelers Will Win the AFC North in 2020. That's A Great Accomplishment
The Pittsburgh Steelers may already be AFC North Champions, by the time you sit down to read this article. That depends on what the Browns do on Sunday against those hapless Giants, of course.
Maurkice Pouncey is keeping Ben Roethlisberger clean. Photo Credit: MyDaytonDailyNews
Even if they aren't after Sunday's action, chances are, the Steelers will clinch the title once they likely have their way with the Bengals at Paul Brown Stadium on Monday Night Football. If that doesn't happen, and Pittsburgh loses its third-straight game to fall to 11-3, well, it's going to happen eventually, right? I mean, it better.
The only way the Steelers can't win the division is by losing out and Cleveland winning out. Losing out for Pittsburgh would mean a five-game slide heading into the playoffs. I don't know about you, but I wouldn't like the Steelers' chances of doing anything at that point.
No, the Steelers will win the North for the first time since 2017, and for this truly great franchise, it will be its 24th divisional crown since 1972.
Winning the division has become so commonplace for the Steelers and their fans, it's barely even acknowledged anymore when it does happen. Nobody notices when the players and coaches wear their post-clinching division title memorabilia that usually consists of t-shirts and baseball caps. Speaking of which, do you still buy that stuff as a fan? Do you go to your local outlet malls and snatch up all the division championship shirts, hats and banners you can get your hands on, or do you at least do so online?
I'm not telling anyone how to spend their money, but you should. OK, the economy is bad, right now, and I can certainly understand if you don't want to splurge on that AFC North gear. Fine, but you should still appreciate it. You should cherish it.
After all, there are teams out there who haven't won a divisional title in decades.
The Detroit Lions, for example, haven't been the kings of their own jungle since way back in 1993, when it was called the NFC Central Division. The New York Jets have only won two AFC East titles since the AFL/NFL merger way back in 1970, with their last one coming in 2002. The Miami Dolphins have only won the AFC East twice since Dan Marino retired in 1999. The Arizona Cardinals have only won their division five times since the merger–and three since moving from St. Louis in 1988.
Heck, the Cleveland Browns haven't won a title since they came back into the league as an expansion franchise way back in 1999.
It's really amazing when you examine the histories of a lot of franchises and discover just how rare divisional titles are. There are thousands of fans out there who would give anything to be able to buy some division champions memorabilia.
You should, too. For one thing, it really is an accomplishment. Think about it. As a team prepares for its upcoming season, the first thing it wants to do is be better than its divisional opponents. Doing so means your program is better than your closest rivals. The first step for every organization each year is to capture its division. The Steelers are on the verge of doing that.
Also, it's just really cool to watch a team win something, anything.
And if that's not a good enough reason, celebrating a Steelers' AFC North title shows that you're not taking things for granted. It's true that the standard is and will always be a Super Bowl. However, you never know when that won't be the standard any longer. You never know when a true fall from grace will hit any franchise.
Enjoy it while you can, because you just never know.
The Steelers will once again run the AFC North. Time to celebrate.
Steelers Place Vince Williams On COVID List For 2nd Time
Looks like the inside linebacker position will be even thinner for the Steelers as they take on the Bills on Sunday Night Football.
Photo credit: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
Just weeks after coming off the COVID list due to being considered a close contact of tight end Vance McDonald, Vince Williams is back on it again and will miss the game in Buffalo.
The Steelers have seemingly been one of the more responsible teams when it comes to following NFL COVID protocols amid the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, but that hasn't prevented them from repeatedly being affected by this issue.
Among those who have either tested positive for the virus or have been deemed a high-risk close contact include running back James Conner, defensive end Stephon Tuitt, running back Jaylen Samuels, center Maurkice Pouncey, special teams coach Danny Smith, quarterback Ben Roethlisberger, Williams and McDonald.
As it pertains to the Steelers' current situation at inside linebacker, Williams' latest inclusion COVID list seems them paper-thin at the position. The Steelers lost Devin Bush for the year with a torn ACL back in October and will likely be without his replacement, Robert Spillane, who left Monday's loss to the Washington Football Team with a knee ailment.
The Steelers traded for the services of veteran Avery Williamson shortly after Bush's injury, and he appears to be the only able-bodied inside linebacker available for Sunday night. Second-year man Ulysses Gilbert III has yet to be activated from the short-term IR due to an injury he's been dealing with for a while.
The Steelers have some options at inside linebacker, however, including safeties Marcus Allen and Antoine Brooks Jr.
At any rate, the Steelers defense, one that is arguably the best in the NFL, has simply been ravaged by the loss of key personnel in recent weeks. Joining Bush on the season-ending IR list is outside linebacker Bud Dupree, who also suffered a torn ACL in Pittsburgh's 19-14 victory over the Ravens on December 2.
Steelers Report Card For 23-17 Loss To The Washington Football Team
Posted on December 9, 2020 by Tony Defeo Standard	Reply
In a continuation of a recent theme for the veteran quarterback, Ben Roethlisberger attempted 53 passes. Sure, he completed 33 of them for 305 yards and two touchdowns, but his 5.8 yards per attempt were rather pedestrian, and the passing game as a whole seemed very lethargic–speaking of recent themes. Still, Roethlisberger may have enjoyed a better fate if not for seven more drops by his receivers. There was also the matter of more tipped passes–including the one that was intercepted by former Steelers linebacker Jon Bostic that snuffed out Pittsburgh's last realistic chance for victory. Grade: C+
If James Conner was worried about being replaced during his absence due to testing positive for COVID-19, he need not worry after Monday's dreadful performance by his replacements. Benny Snell Jr., Anthony McFarland and Jaylen Samuels rushed for a combined 21 yards. McFarland had a chance to be a bit of a hero when he was the target of Roethlisberger's pass on fourth and one late in the game. Unfortunately for the rookie, the pass was a bit off and he was a bit lacking in his response to helping his quarterback out. Grade: D-
Eric Ebron did have seven catches for 68 yards, but there were more notable drops as he appears to be in his own head regarding that annoying flaw. As for Vance McDonald, he wasn't targeted once. It's too bad I can't give these guys brownie points for blocking in the running game. Speaking of which, Ebron gets one demerit for his pathetic excuse for a block on Snell's failed attempt to score from the one on fourth and goal. Grade: D-
James Washington had a great effort on a 50-yard touchdown catch-and-run, which is the only thing keeping me from giving this unit an F. Again, seven more drops, including a few from JuJu Smith-Schuster and Diontae Johnson. Rookie Chase Claypool saw a drop in playing time and didn't really contribute a whole lot except for drawing another pass interference penalty. Grade: D
The offensive line again kept Roethlisberger clean for a fifth-straight game, but was that based on ability and talent or the fact that No. 7 now likes to get rid of the football quicker than any passer in the league? If you cite the lack of a running game along with the unit's 2008-like habit of not being able to get any push on short-yardage plays as evidence, I'd say it was the latter. However, considering center Maurkice Pouncey was out for a second-straight game due to COVID restrictions, I will give the hogs the benefit of the doubt–at least a small one. Grade: C-
The trio of Cameron Heyward, Stephon Tuitt and Tyson Alualu had a bit of a quiet night, but Tuitt did record one of the defense's three sacks. Also, the Washington Football Team was limited to just 45 yards on the ground–including 23 on 14 carries for running back Peyton Barber–and that starts up front. Grade: B-
T.J. Watt was his usual disruptive self, tallying one sack and four hits on quarterback Alex Smith. As for rookie Alex Highsmith, filling in for the injured Bud Dupree, he had a decent enough showing for his first-career start. But he's no Bud as a pass-rusher (at least not yet), and it showed. Robert Spillane had another decent night from the inside linebacker spot and recorded one sack, three tackles and three passes defended before exiting with a knee injury. Avery Williamson took his place and had a rather active night in his own right. Normally, I would say it was a decent evening for both the inside and outside linebackers–and it was–but Watt made two critical errors in the game. The first came when he was called for holding on a fourth and goal play early in the second half that kept a Washington drive alive and led to a touchdown. His second error occurred in the fourth quarter when he had a chance to fall on a fumble that he forced but seemed too intent on scooping and scoring, allowing Washington to recover. Grade: C+
The unit came into the night missing cornerback Steven Nelson, who missed the game with a knee injury and ended the night without cornerback Joe Haden, who left in the second half with a concussion. There was no doubt these injuries were a factor, as Washington tallied 296 passing yards and the unit struggled to cover tight end Logan Thomas. Mike Hilton did have an exceptional night and probably would have been the player of the game had the team won. Grade: C-
Marcus Allen was called for roughing the punter early in the game, a penalty that kept an early Washington drive alive. As for return specialist Ray-Ray McCloud, he wasn't his usual dynamic self. Punter Jordan Berry averaged 44.3 yards on six kicks and downed two inside the 20. Matthew Wright, filling in for an injured Chris Boswell, connected on two extra points and a 37-yard field goal. Unfortunately for the youngster, head coach Mike Tomlin didn't have enough confidence in him to allow him to attempt a go-ahead 45-yard field goal in the fourth quarter. Grade: C+
Tomlin isn't shy about absorbing the lion's share of the blame when his team doesn't perform well. His players jumped out to a 14-0 lead and seemed to act as if the game was in the bag after that. Then, there were the mental errors and physical errors. Plenty of blame for the head coach to absorb.
As for the offense, I've always been a defender of much-maligned coordinator Randy Fichtner, but his unit failed to pick up a single yard after facing a first and goal from the one. Also, there was the matter of Washington's defenders bragging that they figured the Steelers' offensive tendencies out.
I hate to harp on Keith Butler's defense too much, considering the injuries just keep piling up on that side of the ball. But I think the turning point in the game came on Washington's first drive of the second half. Washington was backed up and faced a third and very long. Washington converted and eventually marched down the field to score a touchdown. That's how 4-7 teams get back into games and start to believe. Grade: C-
Mike Hilton recorded six tackles, including two for a loss. One of those TFL's occurred in the first quarter when he snuffed out a Washington running play on fourth and one.
Steelers Undefeated Streak Ends with 23-17 Loss to Washington
The Steelers built a 14-0 first-half lead but ultimately dropped their first game of the season, 23-17, to the Washington Football Team at Heinz Field on Monday night.
Both offenses struggled to move the football early on, but Pittsburgh mounted a 14-play, 72-yard drive that culminated in a three-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Ben Roethlisberger to receiver Diontae Johnson to make it 7-0 with 10:33 left in the second quarter.
The offense got the football back in premium field position moments later after Washington went for it on fourth and one from its own 34 and cornerback Mike Hilton stopped running back J.D. McKissic for a three-yard loss.
The Steelers quickly took advantage and ultimately had a first and goal from the one thanks to an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty. The offense was stymied on three-straight tries and decided to go for it on fourth and one. Unfortunately, second-year running back Benny Snell Jr. was stuffed while trying to dive over the top.
The Steelers defense forced a quick three and out, and on the very first play of Pittsburgh's next offensive possession, Roethlisberger found receiver James Washington for a 50-yard touchdown catch and run to make it 14-0.
The Steelers continued to dominate the rest of the second quarter, but the Washington Football Team found some life on the last play of the first half on a controversial 49-yard field goal by kicker Dustin Hopkins. Just prior to the play, Washington quarterback Alex smith was sacked by Stephon Tuitt. Smith took the football with him as he headed for the sideline, making it a scramble for his team to get the designated kicking football onto the field. With Washington out of time outs and the seconds running off the clock, the officials stopped play to allow Washington time to get things in order.
Washington built on that momentum by taking the second-half kickoff and marching 82 yards on a 14-play drive that ended with a one-yard touchdown plunge by running back Peyton Barber to pull the visitors to within four points.
The Steelers extended their lead to 17-10 on the first play of the fourth quarter when Matthew Wright, filling in for an injured Chris Boswell, connected on a 37-yard field goal.
After the two teams exchanged punts, the Washington Football Team tied the score at 17 on a 15-yard touchdown pass from Smith to tight end Logan Thomas with 9:09 remaining in the game.
The Steelers offense, a unit that had struggled for most of the game, mounted what looked to be a decisive scoring drive, but after things stalled at the Washington 28, Pittsburgh faced a fourth and one with 4:53 remaining. However, rather than trot Wright out to attempt a 45-yard field goal, head coach Mike Tomlin elected to go for it; it was to no avail, as Roethlisberger's pass down the sideline intended for rookie running back Anthony McFarland fell incomplete.
Washington mounted a decisive drive of its own and took its first lead of the game when Hopkins connected from 45 yards out with 2:04 remaining.
Did the Steelers offense, one that had helped to carry the team to an 11-0 start, have anything left for a comeback? The answer was a quick no; Roethlisberger's very first pass was tipped and intercepted by former Steelers linebacker Jon Bostic.
Washington added one more field goal to pad its lead and send the Steelers home losers for the first time in 2020.
Roethlisberger completed 33 of 53 passes for 305 yards, two touchdowns and one interception on the day, while the running game was again non-existent, tallying just 21 yards on 14 carries.
On the injury front, both inside linebacker Robert Spillane (knee) and cornerback Joe Haden (concussion) left the game with injuries in the second half and did not return.
Next up for the Steelers, they travel to Buffalo to take on the Bills on Sunday Night Football.
The Steelers and Their Fans Must Stop Acting Like They Already Own The Bye
Posted on November 29, 2020 by Tony Defeo Standard	Reply
Another day, another occasion in which the Steelers and their fans think they're getting the short end of the stick from the NFL.
In fact, for as dramatic and whiney as everyone in Steeler Nation has been lately, you'd think the NFL was smacking the Black and Gold with a giant baseball bat.
As you're well aware, by now, the Steelers Thanksgiving Night game against Baltimore at Heinz Field was switched to Sunday afternoon due to a COVID-19 outbreak within the Ravens organization. Unfortunately, because Ravens' players kept on testing positive — including 2019 NFL MVP Lamar Jackson — the contest was pushed back even further to this Tuesday night at 8 p.m.
JuJu Smith-Schuster literally walks to a touchdown. Photo Credit: Karl Roser, Steelers.com
The Steelers and their fans have been grinding an ax ever since, insisting that they're getting screw (and, I guess, beaten with that giant baseball bat). Coming just weeks after losing their mid-season bye due to an outbreak within the Titans' organization, many are convinced that the NFL is simply out to get the Steelers, you know, the team with awesome ratings and world-wide following?
Another way the Steelers and their fans believe the league is out to get them is a COVID contingency plan that would involve adding one more postseason team to each conference and eliminating first-round byes entirely. To be clear, this is just a contingency plan and would only go into effect if the NFL couldn't complete its 17-Week regular-season schedule in its entirety.
"How can they do this to us/ the Steelers!" they've been screaming. "They're 10-0, damn it! They're trying to take our/their bye away!"
Slow down, a bit, JuJu Smith-Schuster and Dave from Dormont.
The Steelers may be 10-0 for the first time in history. They may be the only undefeated team remaining in the NFL. However, the Chiefs are hot on their tail with a 9-1 record.
Pittsburgh and Kansas City do not play this year. That means, the second NFL tiebreaker to decide the top seed and the AFC's lone bye (btw, once the NFL added a seventh playoff team to each conference, that eliminated the bye for the second seed) is conference record. The Chiefs have one loss in the conference. Pittsburgh obviously has zero.
However, that could all change when and if the team suffers its first loss of 2020.
According to the NFL's official tie-breaking rules, the third tiebreaker is record against common opponents. After that, it would come down to strength of victory, followed by strength of schedule. I'm not so sure the Steelers, a team with a fairly pedestrian schedule, overall, would want it to come down to any of those tiebreakers.
What I'm saying is, don't act like the Steelers are entitled to that lone bye, just because they are currently in the pole position to obtain it. We still have six weeks of football left. Anything can happen. Anything often does in the wacky world of professional football.
The NFL may be guilty of a lot of things, but screwing the Pittsburgh Steelers, one of their biggest cash cows, certainly isn't one of them.
Undefeated Regular Season or Not, the Steelers will Feel Pressure in Playoffs
I suppose it's normal for Steelers fans to worry about things like whether the team should lose its first game to, you know, take the pressure off.
Ben Roethlisberger. Photo Credit: Mike Ehrmann, Getty Image via The SteelersWire
It's probably been a common concern throughout history for most fanbases of teams that, like Pittsburgh, have made it through nine games without a single defeat. I get it, you feel the pressure, it's enormous. It's like a balloon that continues to expand every week.
When will it happen?
When will the bubble finally burst?
You need to appreciate what losing feels like. You think the Steelers need to know what losing feels like. You believe this will humble them. You theorize this will provide an opportunity for them to work on things that they may currently be overlooking during their 9-0 start to the 2020 campaign.
But, most importantly, you just think they need to get that first loss out of the way before the playoffs. Does matching the 1972 Dolphins' feat of going undefeated all the way through the Super Bowl matter? It does if Pittsburgh can actually pull it off, of course.
However, what if the Steelers get through the regular season without a single mark in the loss column–something that only the '72 Miami team and the 2007 Patriots have been able to pull off in the modern era–but lose in the postseason? That fate befell the '07 New England team, and it happened in the waning moments of Super Bowl XLII. The Patriots went from 18-0 to 18-no! thanks to former Steeler Plaxico Burress's championship-clinching touchdown catch with just seconds remaining.
In many ways, that loss to the Giants shaped New England's extended championship run–some say it's the greatest dynasty in the history of professional sports–as much as those six Lombardi trophies.
But at least the Patriots endured that loss in the middle of what would turn out to be an unprecedented Super Bowl era.
If the same thing happens to the Steelers, they'll have no recent Super Bowl victories to hang their hat on.
Damn it, they should lose and just get it out of the way!
Why? Do you think the Steelers will feel any less pressure if they enter the postseason with a loss or three on their record?
Former players whose teams got off to similar starts to the Steelers have talked about the enormous pressure they felt and how that all seemed to go away with a loss. But with all due respect to folks who experienced something I admittedly never have, they were going to experience the weight of the playoff moment whether they entered the dance with one loss, four losses or zero losses.
I believe the pressure of going undefeated only pertains to the regular season.
Once you're in the playoffs, the pressure one feels is like the wetness one experiences while submerged in water–wet is wet.
It's the postseason. It's do or die. It's win or go home. When it comes to the Steelers, they always feel the pressure to succeed in the playoffs. And it's not just making it there and winning a game. It's not just advancing to the Super Bowl. Nothing but a Lombardi trophy and a parade (excluding this year, I'm guessing) will ever be good enough.
As it pertains to most NFL players, do you honestly think they feel any less pressure as a 13-3 team instead of one that's "chasing history"? Aren't all Super Bowl contenders chasing history? I mean, if you enter the postseason with the best record and a bye, folks are going to expect you to exit the postseason with a Super Bowl title.
I don't know why the Patriots lost in Super Bowl XLII, but I'm pretty sure it wasn't because they were under overwhelming pressure to go undefeated. Were they asked about their chances of going 19-0 a lot over the course of the season? Yes, but it didn't seem to get in their way until they met up with a Giants team that had a great front-four that made life miserable for Tom Brady.
While speaking with the media on Wednesday, Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger said the team's goal was to win a Super Bowl, not go undefeated.
Kudos to him, but that's how it's always been in Pittsburgh.
It will be the goal this postseason, as well, whether the Steelers enter undefeated or not.
What Do Steelers Fans Want from Bud Dupree and JuJu? Super Bowls or Draft Picks?
The NFL trade deadline came and went on November 3; the Steelers added more than they subtracted, thanks to acquiring inside linebacker Avery Williamson and a seventh-round pick from the Jets in exchange for a fifth-round pick in 2022.
This was seen as a success by many Steelers' fans and media members who were a bit concerned about the inside linebacker spot after the season-ending ACL tear suffered by Devin Bush against the Browns back in October.
Bud Dupree strip sacks Ryan Finley. Photo Credit: Matt Sunday, DK Pittsburgh Sports
However, there may have been more than a few fans disappointed by the fact that Pittsburgh failed to part with either outside linebacker Bud Dupree or receive JuJu Smith-Schuster in exchange for some 2021 draft compensation. You see, that's the new thing now, not only with the fans, but also with the media and, yes, even the teams, themselves.
Both Dupree and Smith-Schuster are in the final year of their rookie deals, and I don't know how many times I was asked if I thought the Steelers were going to trade the star players before the deadline. In the old days, it was just understood that some players were going to reach the end of their rookie contracts and ultimately depart without anything in return except for maybe a compensatory draft choice.
But those days are long gone.
Today, everyone thinks they're owed compensation.
Again, even the fans are preoccupied with worry about a pending free agent. Instead of being excited about what Dupree and/or Smith-Schuster could do for the Steelers here in 2020 and their quest to finally make it back to the top of the NFL mountain, the sentiment among so many folks leading up to the deadline was: "So, they're supposed to just let them walk without getting anything in return?"
Yes…at least this season. Pittsburgh is 8-0 for the first time in franchise history. What would you rather have:
A 2021 first-round draft choice for Dupree or a Super Bowl?
A second-round pick for Smith-Schuster or a seventh Lombardi?
I realize that outside linebacker Alex Highsmith, the rookie third-round pick out of Charlotte, has shown a great deal of promise this year. I also understand how deep the Steelers' receiving corps is. But can you imagine Pittsburgh's defense without Dupree and what he has brought to the outside linebacker position opposite T.J. Watt? Can you picture that receiving corps without Smith-Schuster leading the way both on the field and off?
As I alluded to already, this isn't just driven by fans.
In my opinion, they're taking their cues from the media and even the teams. How often do you hear media members talk about the possibility of getting compensation for a pending free agent? More now than ever, and that's because NFL general managers and coaches seem to be interested in doing just that.
But while that might make sense for your downtrodden franchises like the currently winless Jets, it makes very little sense for a team like Pittsburgh. Besides, do you think a team like New York is going to part ways with a premium draft choice in exchange for a rent-a-player? No, that team is going to want to stack draft choices, not part with them. And do you really think the Steelers are going to trade a main cog in their machinery to another contender? No, because that would be quite dumb.
Avery Williamson is a free agent after this season, and he'll likely leave. But that's okay because he's just a rent-a-player for the Steelers, one that the team didn't develop and one that the fans didn't become emotionally attached to.
Hines Ward catches a touchdown pass from Antwaan Randle El in Super XL. Photo Credit: Bill Frakes, Sports Illustrated
Dupree and Smith-Schuster, but especially, Smith-Schuster, are different.
I get that, but it still doesn't change much.
Back in the old days of NFL free agency — for someone my age, that would be the 1990s and 2000s–many Steelers players came and went, but not before leaving behind lots of great memories.
Kevin Greene, a veteran free agent pick up in 1993, gave Pittsburgh three great years and helped the franchise reach Super Bowl XXX, their first trip to the big dance in 16 seasons. But he left for the Panthers after that.
Antwaan Randle El, a receiver who also specialized in punt returns and even a little quarterback from 2002-2005, threw the game-sealing touchdown pass to Hines Ward in the fourth quarter of Super Bowl XL. Immediately after becoming a Super Bowl hero, Randle El signed a lucrative second contract with the Washington Football Team.
Can you imagine how that 2005 season may have played out if Pittsburgh was more interested in flipping Randle El for a future draft pick?
I don't know how the Steeler careers of Dupree and Smith-Schuster will end, but if they leave behind some Super Bowl memories, well, that would be much better than some extra draft compensation.
Stop Worrying About a Steelers Loss Until They Have One
Posted on November 8, 2020 by Tony Defeo Standard	Reply
The Pittsburgh Steelers take on the Dallas Cowboys this Sunday afternoon at AT&T Stadium.
Minkah Fitzpatrick after batting away Lamarr Jackson's final pass. Photo Credit: New York Times.
The Steelers (7-0) will face a Dallas squad that will be down to either its fourth or fifth-string quarterback, depending on who starts and where you want to rank the candidates: Cooper Rush and Garrett Gilbert.
That's right, no Dak Prescott (severe ankle injury), no Andy Dalton (concussion) and no Pittsburgh's own Ben DiNucci (poor play).
Pittsburgh is a two-touchdown favorite to win this game and improve to 8-0. As far as many are concerned, the Steelers should be doing so well in this contest that Mason Rudolph gets his most extensive work since starting eight games for the injured Ben Roethlisberger a season ago.
I can see that. I can get behind that. I'm fairly confident these Steelers will walk into the JerryDome and leave with a thoroughly enjoyable blowout victory against America's Team.
But what about the annual Tomlin loss? In case you don't know, a "Tomlin loss" refers to a defeat, usually on the road, against an inferior opponent. This is the kind of loss folks didn't see coming early on in the career of head coach Mike Tomlin, but it has become so prevalent over the years — think the Chiefs in 2009, the Raiders in 2009 or the Browns in 2009 (wow, there were many such losses in 2009) — that fans just naturally begin to circle possible candidates on the schedule the moment it's released every spring.
As I already said, I don't think the Steelers will lose this Sunday.
Unfortunately, the game against Dallas (2-6) marks the first of three-straight match-ups that can only be described as trap games. After the Cowboys, Pittsburgh will take on the Bengals (2-5-1) and the Jaguars (1-6 heading into this Sunday's action) before the epic rematch with the Ravens on Thanksgiving.
Plenty of opportunities for the fans and the media to worry about and speculate on the possibility of the team's first loss of 2020. After all, if it's going to happen, it's going to happen against a team that Tomlin will not have his players ready for.
What is it with this attitude?
I'm not trying to be all rah rah about the Steelers. I get that it's natural to always think about the worst-case scenario, but my goodness, Pittsburgh is 7-0 for the first time since Star Wars was gripping the nation, and all we can talk about is a possible first loss?
If you're looking at 1978 (the year I alluded to in the previous paragraph) in a superstitious manner, the Steelers first loss really should happen this Sunday in Dallas. The eighth game was when the eventual Super Bowl champions suffered their first defeat in '78.
And, get this, it was against a team from Texas: The old Houston Oilers.
If it's not in Dallas, surely it will happen against the Bengals and their stud rookie quarterback, Joe Burrow. OK, but these are the Bungals, right? No way Pittsburgh will give up its chance to make history by losing to them. Fine, but those Jags are always a pain in the butt.
Maybe it will happen over these next few games, but I don't think we need to sit around and worry about it. One thing these 2020 Steelers seem to be is extremely focused. Yes, many games have been a little too close for comfort, so far, but, believe me, Pittsburgh isn't alone in that category.
The NFL is a tough league, and that's what makes the Steelers start so remarkable.
Enjoy the ride. Will a loss happen? Probably–the odds suggest that it will happen sooner rather than later. However, that's for the Steelers to worry about.
As for you, just enjoy those undefeated Pittsburgh Steelers.
Not many NFL fans get to do that in November.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Board index › General Discussion › News and Current Events
School district from hell
Location: Long Island, New York
10-year-old Utah Black and autistic student dies by suicide weeks after scathing DOJ report on school district
Isabella "Izzy" Tichenor, a 10-year-old Black and autistic student in Utah, died by suicide last Saturday after allegedly being bullied by classmates and her family's complaints were ignored, the family's lawyer tells CNN.
The tragedy comes just weeks after the Justice Department publicly detailed a disturbing pattern where Black and Asian American students at the Davis School District in Farmington, Utah, were harassed for years, and officials deliberately ignored complaints from parents and students. The DOJ detailed the pattern in a report and settlement agreement released in October. The agency had been investigating the school district since July 2019.
"Izzy was a happy child. She was a happy little girl, she did well in school ... All she wanted was to be connected with family and friends," attorney Tyler Ayres tells CNN ahead of the private funeral planned for Saturday morning.
Izzy's mother and stepfather, Brittany Clark Tichenor Cox and Charles Cox, said they became aware their daughter was being bullied around September, Ayres told CNN.
"They found her taking a bottle of Febreze to school, and when they asked her why they said she said because the kids said she stank," Ayres told CNN, adding her teacher instructed her to sit away from other students in the back of the classroom.
Ayres also said the kids allegedly used the n-word and teased Izzy repeatedly.
According to Ayres, Brittany and Charles sought out Izzy's teacher to lodge their complaints, but "when they realized that they weren't making any progress ... they went to the principal. The principal turned them to the vice principal and with the vice principal they felt very unheard and just very disregarded."
Black and Asian American students are each roughly 1 percent of the approximately 73,000 students enrolled in the district, according to the DOJ report.
Representatives from the Foxboro Elementary School PTA joined the Tichenor family at a Monday morning press conference about Izzy's death, according to CNN affiliate KUTV.
On Thursday, the NBA's Utah Jazz held a moment of silence during their game against the Indiana Pacers to mourn Izzy's death.
Several players on the team are supporting Izzy's family and offering their assistance during this time, according to Ayres.
Justice Department Reaches Settlement to Remedy Severe Racial Harassment of Black and Asian-American Students in Utah School District - United States Department of Justice
The Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division and the United States Attorney's Office for Utah announced a settlement agreement with Davis School District in Utah to address race discrimination in the district's schools, including serious and widespread racial harassment of Black and Asian-American students. The department opened its investigation in July 2019 under Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The investigation revealed persistent failures to respond to reports of race-based harassment of Black and Asian-American students by district staff and other students. The department's review, which focused on 2015-2020, found hundreds of documented uses of the N-word, among other racial epithets, derogatory racial comments, and physical assaults targeting district students at dozens of schools. The department concluded that for years, Davis's ineffective response left students vulnerable to continued harassment and that students believed the district condoned the behavior. The department also found that Davis disciplined Black students more harshly than their white peers for similar behavior and that Davis denied Black students the ability to form student groups while supporting similar requests by other students. Black and Asian-American students are each roughly 1 percent of the approximately 73,000 students enrolled in the district.
"Pervasive racial harassment and other forms of racial discrimination in public schools violate the Constitution's most basic promise of equal protection," said Assistant Attorney General Kristen Clarke of the Civil Rights Division. "This agreement will help generate the institutional change necessary to keep Black and Asian-American students safe. We look forward to Davis demonstrating to its students and school community that it will no longer tolerate racial discrimination in its schools."
"The Justice Department thanks the many parents and students who came forward and shared their experiences and the Davis School District for its cooperation with our investigation," said Acting United States Attorney Andrea Martinez for the District of Utah. "As the federal partners who work and live in this community, we are hopeful that this agreement is the start of a new chapter in which Black and Asian-American students will attend Davis schools without fear."
Under the agreement, Davis will retain a consultant to review and revise anti-discrimination policies and procedures and support the district as it undertakes significant institutional reforms. Among other steps, Davis will:
create a new department to handle complaints of race discrimination;
train staff on how to identify, investigate, and respond to complaints of racial harassment and discriminatory discipline practices;
inform students and parents of how to report harassment and discrimination;
create a centralized, electronic reporting system to track and manage complaints and Davis's response to complaints;
implement student, staff, and parent training and education on identifying and preventing race discrimination, including discriminatory harassment;
analyze and review discipline data and amend policies to ensure non-discriminatory enforcement of discipline policies; and
develop a districtwide procedure to assess requests for student groups and treat such requests fairly.
Professionally Identified and joined WP August 26, 2013
DSM 5: Autism Spectrum Disorder, DSM IV: Aspergers Moderate Severity
"My autism is not a superpower. It also isn't some kind of god-forsaken, endless fountain of suffering inflicted on my family. It's just part of who I am as a person". - Sara Luterman
Matrix Glitch
When I read "teacher instructed her to sit away from other students in the back of the classroom." I recalled how when I was 7 or 8 my teacher had me sitting at the back of the classroom away from the other students. There was even a patrician set up behind me as I recall. The next year I was farmed out to a different public school that had a prefab classroom that was on the other side of the grounds, which had about a dozen students who probably were all on the spectrum. This happened in the Los Angeles County school district back in the 70s.
OGMacgyver
Matrix Glitch wrote:
There was even a patrician set up behind me as I recall.
I believe you meant partition.
Hmmm mormons strike again.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/ ... ry-racism/
https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/19/opin ... hurch.html
At some point the NAACP need to lobby to have this group labelled a dangerous cult
OGMacgyver wrote:
I was prolly on my "smart" phone.
Kraichgauer
Location: Spokane area, Washington state.
That sounds unbelievably cruel. And no one did anything about it?
-Bill, otherwise known as Kraichgauer
Kraichgauer wrote:
That's horrible that teachers do stuff like that and still get away with it.
Racism and ableism are alive and well in America. It's pretty sickening when you think about it.
They put me in a special classroom with my own kind where I fit in much better.
I don't have any hard feelings about being put off in a corner like that. I realize I was a disruptive handful and way behind the others. And I liked having my own personal office away from the others I didn't get along with. The only time I remember being bothered by it, is there was some class science project I wanted to take part in but wasn't allowed to.
I was in a Special Ed class for the first few years of my schooling, then I got mainstreamed. At the time, they had diagnosed me as "hyperactive," because they had no idea what Asperger's was in America at that time.
Right. Did they put you on Ritalin?
They did, but my dad had me taken off of it for fear of the social stigma he thought I'd face.
You mean if it was discovered you were taking it? I got taken off it because I said it made me feel like a robot.
Something like that. I think my dad was more worried about the stigma for my sake than I was.
I'm wondering why the child in the OP wasn't put in special ed. Public school never worked out for me in any shape way or form.
FL School District Begins Cataloging Books to Comply
Illinois special needs school from hell
Currently in Hell
in In-Depth Adult Life Discussion
jogashill