The traditional Squeeze festive appearance on Jeremy Vine's show – today!
Radio 2 DJ Jeremy Vine is a huge Squeeze fan – in fact he was in the original Squeeze fan club with me and several of my friends in 1979. He loves the band so much he uses his position in the BBC to get them in every Christmas as a bit of a tradition to play in the studio. Well, today's the day and you can hear Squeeze live on the Jeremy Vine Show on BBC Radio 2 on line, on digital and on 88 to 91 FM in the UK from 1200 to 1400. Enjoy!
Jeremy discusses mass hysteria after Kim Jong-il's death, whether the 1950s was our greatest decade, Britain's shortage of foster carers and Squeeze play live in the studio.
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Cigarette Smoking Prevalence and Awareness amongst Undergraduate Students of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Kosisochi Chinwendu Amorha1*, Ezinne Mmasinachi Jiburu1, Sunday Odunke Nduka2 and Mathew Jegbefume Okonta1
1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
2 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
*Correspondence: Kosisochi Chinwendu Amorha, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nigeria, Tel: 234-8038539349, Email: [email protected]
Citation: Amorha KC, Jiburu EM, Okonta MJ, Nduka SO. Cigarette Smoking Prevalence and Awareness amongst Undergraduate Students of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. J Basic Clin Pharma 2017;8:239-244.
Context: Smoking incidence among youths in Nigeria is on the rise and cigarette smoking is considered one of the largest causes of preventable morbidity and mortality globally.
Aims: To assess the prevalence and awareness of cigarette smoking amongst undergraduates of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Settings and Design: This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive survey conducted among undergraduates in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka from June to August 2016. Methods and Material: Data were collected by the 44-item structured, self-administered questionnaire. Statistical Analysis used: The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 16.0 (SPSS Inc, Version 16.0, Chicago, USA). P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 570 questionnaires were completed and returned. Only 49.6% of the students had adequate knowledge of cigarette smoking and its health implications while the same percentage had good attitudes (i.e., attitudes that could make them never smoke or quit smoking) towards cigarette smoking. Of the 180 students who claimed to have smoked cigarette before, one-fifth smoked on a daily basis. More students who resided off-campus had smoked cigarette before (36.5%) compared to those in hostels (25.7%) (χ2=7.594; df=1; P=0.006).
Conclusion: Approximately half of the respondents had good knowledge about cigarette smoking and its health implications. More than a fifth of the respondents had smoked cigarette before. Students who resided off campus exhibited a greater tendency to start smoking compared to those who resided in hostels on campus. Peer pressure and close associations could influence cigarette smoking habits.
Awareness, cigarette smoking, prevalence, undergraduates, university of Nigeria Nsukka
Tobacco use kills about six million people yearly and remains the leading cause of preventable deaths globally, with lots of economic implications. [1] Tobacco smoking is practiced by more than one billion of the world's population, with cigarette smoking being the most common. [2] The incidence of smoking in Nigeria is on the increase especially among the youths. [3,4] It is a huge public health threat. [5]
Developing countries form a huge market for tobacco companies and it is estimated that by 2030, it would account for more than 80% of tobacco-related deaths. [6] Most African countries, including Nigeria, failed to respond appropriately to the growing epidemic because of the revenue generated from tobacco and are now paying the price for the enormous burden of cigarette-related diseases on health budgets. [7]
Both direct tobacco use and second-hand smoke are lethal as it has been established that they cause serious medical conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including coronary heart disease and lung cancer. It causes low birth weight and sudden death in pregnant women and infants, respectively. [5]
The general objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and awareness of cigarette smoking amongst undergraduates of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The specific objectives were: (i) To determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking among undergraduates (ii) To assess the level of knowledge of students as regards cigarettes, risks of cigarette smoking and its control (iii) To assess the attitudes of undergraduates towards cigarette smoking (iv) To determine the difference between demographic variables in their mean, knowledge and attitude scores (v) To evaluate the association between demographic variables and the knowledge, attitudes towards cigarette smoking.
This study was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted within a duration of three (3) months, (June to August 2016), to assess the prevalence and awareness of cigarette smoking amongst undergraduates of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The University of Nigeria Nsukka, (Nsukka Campus) is located on 871 hectares of hilly savannah in the town of Nsukka about eighty kilometers north of Enugu State. In 2015 the student population was 15,439, comprising 8,690 males and 6,749 females. The Nsukka Campus houses the faculties of Arts, Agriculture, Biological Sciences, Education, Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Social Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, as well as Postgraduate programs. The study participants were second to final year undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus, willing and able to participate. First year students, as well as students and members of staff of the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) were excluded from the study.
The total population for the sample size was sought from the Department of Academic Planning Unit of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. There were 10,849 undergraduate students, with 4,748 females. From this population the sample size was determined using the Raosoft® sample size calculator to be at 372 at 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error, assuming 50% of the participants responded. The multistage sampling method was utilized. For convenience of sampling, the sample size was increased to 1000. In the first stage, stratified random sampling was used to determine the number of male and female students to participate. This number was further stratified into various departments in each faculty. Then simple random sampling was used to select the participants in the various levels in each department in the various faculties.
Before the questionnaires were distributed, both oral and written consents were obtained from the study participants. A 44-item wellstructured self-administered questionnaire was disseminated to participants to assess demographic information, awareness, prevalence as well as their attitude towards cigarette smoking. To ensure quality of the data, questions were adapted from previously conducted studies and changes made based on the local context. The questionnaire was validated from the responses of the respondents who were not included in the study. The selected participants filled the questionnaire in their classes within 10 minutes, without the consultation of any reference material. Confidentiality was maintained as the names of the respondents were not requested for.
Data were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 16.0 (SPSS Inc, Version 16.0, Chicago, USA). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. The independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized to determine the differences between the demographic variables in their mean knowledge and attitude scores. The Pearson chi-square test and Pearson correlation test were used, where applicable, to show the association and relationship between variables. For all results p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of five hundred and seventy questionnaires were completed and returned, representing a participation rate of 57.0% (570/1000). Majority of the respondents were males (62.8%), between the ages of 21-25 years (52.7%), Nigerian (99.3%), Christian (97.2%) with more than half residing off-campus (55.2%). About 44.2% had friends who smoke and many grew up in South-Eastern Nigeria (68.8%) [Table 1]. In general, only 49.6% of the students had good knowledge of cigarette, cigarette smoking and its health implications [Table 2]. About 49.6% of the respondents had attitudes (classified as 'good') that could make them never smoke or quit smoking cigarettes [Table 3]. A proportionately much larger number of respondents (70.2%) noticed anti-cigarette campaigns in newspapers, TV or radio [Figure 1]. About 31.6% of the respondents had smoked a cigarette before, even if it meant trying a few puffs once or twice. Of this percentage, 12.8% had smoked in the last month while only 6.3% smoked cigarette daily [Table 4]. In Table 5, more female students had good attitudes towards cigarette smoking (i.e., would never start smoking cigarettes or those who smoke were more likely to quit smoking) compared to their male counterparts. Students who resided off-campus had better knowledge scores on cigarette smoking than those who resided in hostels. Students who had neither smoking fathers nor smoking siblings/friends had better attitudes towards cigarette smoking (i.e., would never start smoking cigarettes or those who smoke are more likely to quit smoking) than those who did.
Figure 1: Anti-cigarette campaign awareness
Age (in years)
26-30 46 (8.1)
>30 7 (1.2)
Year of Study
2nd 178 (31.3)
3rd 169 (29.8)
4th 141 (24.8)
5th 74 (13.0)
6th 6 (1.1)
Agricultural Sciences 27 (4.7)
Arts 18 (3.2)
Biological Sciences 66 (11.6)
Education 41 (7.2)
Engineering 114 (20.0)
Pharmaceutical Sciences 67 (11.8)
Physical Sciences 54 (9.5)
Social Sciences 154 (27.1)
Veterinary Medicine 28 (4.9)
Nigerian 560 (99.3)
Non-Nigerian 4 (0.7)
Christianity 550 (97.2)
Muslim 6 (1.1)
Others 10 (1.8)
Hostel 253 (44.8)
Off-campus 312 (55.2)
Family Setting
Smoking father 51 (8.9)
Smoking mother 9 (1.6)
Smoking siblings 48 (8.4)
Close smoking relatives 68 (11.9)
Smoking friends 252 (44.2)
Place of childhood upbringing
South-south 40 (7.3)
South-east 377 (68.8)
North-west 30 (5.5)
North-east 22 (4.0)
North-central 51 (9.3)
South-west 28 (5.1)
Table 1: Socio-demographic details of participating students
Variables (correct option)
Number of correct responses (%)
What is the addictive drug in cigarette? (Nicotine) 493 (86.5)
Which cancer is more common among smokers than non-smokers? (Lung cancer) 493 (86.5)
The current slogan from the FMoH on tobacco smoking is? (Smokers are liable to die young) 510 (89.5)
Which of the following cannot aid cigarette smoking cessation? (Hookah) 147 (25.8)
How many sticks are in a cigarette pack? (20) 241 (42.3)
Non-smokers who are exposed to second hand smoke at home, work or school can develop heart disease (True) 413 (72.5)
The carbon monoxide and oxygen levels in your blood soon return to normal when you quit smoking (True) 366 (64.2)
Cigars are better than cigarettes (False) 292 (51.2)
Smokers face double the risk of heart attack compared to non-smokers (True) 479 (84.0)
Using a smokeless cigarette device is a good alternative to smoking (False) 202 (35.4)
* FMoH=Federal Ministry of Health
Table 2: Knowledge on Cigarette Smoking.
Variables (attitude)
Cigarette smoking is pleasurable (bad) 96 (17.3) 118 (21.3) 133 (24.0) 208 (37.5)
Cigarette smoking can help one study better (bad) 37 (6.7) 63 (11.3) 200 (36.0) 256 (46.0)
Cigarette smoking can help one lose weight (bad) 108 (20.0) 162 (29.9) 143 (26.4) 128 (23.7)
Cigarette smoking is a waste of money (good) 233 (41.9) 161 (29.0) 86 (15.5) 76 (13.7)
Cigarette smoking makes one feel mature (bad) 42 (7.6) 82 (14.9) 169 (30.6) 259 (46.9)
Cigarette smoking can improve one's sexual performance (bad) 61 (11.2) 62 (11.3) 187 (34.2) 237 (43.3)
Pressure from friends can influence one's smoking habits (bad) 268 (48.4) 188 (33.9) 52 (9.4) 46 (8.3)
Cigarette smoking relieves stress (bad) 64 (11.7) 162 (29.5) 173 (31.5) 150 (27.3)
Cigarette smoking relieves boredom (bad) 51 (9.3) 163 (29.9) 176 (32.2) 156 (28.6)
Cigarette smoking boosts one's confidence (bad) 73 (13.3) 139 (25.3) 167 (30.4) 171 (31.1)
There should be a law to ban smoking on campus (good) 233 (42.1) 121 (21.9) 97 (17.5) 102 (18.4)
*SA= strongly agree; A= agree; D= disagree; SD= strongly disagree
Table 3: Attitudes towards Cigarette Smoking
Never Smoked
Have you ever smoked a cigarette? 180 (31.6) 390 (68.4) NA
Have you smoked a cigarette in the last 30 days? 73 (12.8) 108 (18.9) 389 (68.2)
Do you currently smoke cigarette on a daily basis? 36 (6.3) 141 (24.7) 393 (68.9)
How many sticks of cigarette do you smoke per day?
1-5 62 (10.9) NA NA
6-10 16 (2.8) NA NA
11-20 10 (1.8) NA NA
>20 15 (2.6) NA NA
I've quit smoking 33 (5.8) NA NA
Never smoked 434 (36.1) NA NA
At what age (in years) did you take your first puff?
˂12 29 (5.1) NA NA
12-18 76 (13.3) NA NA
25-29 3 (0.5) NA NA
>30 1 (0.2) NA NA
What are your reasons for smoking?
Tried to quit but couldn't 16 (2.8) 149 (26.1) 405 (71.1)
Helps control my weight 13 (2.3) 152 (26.7) 405 (71.1)
Relieves boredom 24 (4.2) 139 (24.4) 407 (71.4)
My friends smoke 50 (8.8) 115 (20.2) 405 (71.1)
Just feel like it 81 (14.2) 84 (14.7) 405 (71.1)
Smoke when drinking 37 (6.5) 128 (22.5) 405 (71.1)
Boosts my confidence 23 (4.0) 142 (24.9) 405 (71.1)
Have you ever tried quitting smoking? 102 (17.9) 55 (9.6) 413 (72.5)
What were your reasons for trying to quit?
Health hazards 83 (14.6) 27 (4.7) 460 (80.7)
Relations and friends 24 (4.2) 85 (14.9) 461 (80.9)
Religion 22 (3.9) 87 (15.3) 461 (80.9)
Warnings on cigarette packs 18 (3.2) 91 (16.0) 461 (80.9)
After counseling by health professionals 10 (1.8) 98 (17.2) 462 (81.1)
For those who have never tried quitting:
Are you planning to quit in the next 6 months? 21 (3.7) 37 (6.5) 512 (89.8)
*NA= Not Applicable
Note: When asked, 72.3% of the respondents were willing to help cigarette smokers quit
Table 4: Drug-Drug Interactions Based on Medscape Classification
Mean Knowledge Score (SD)
95 % Confidence Interval
Mean Attitude Score (SD)
Genderb
Male 358 6.46(1.66) -0.085 - 0.50 0.165 6.63(2.85) -1.22-0.28 *0.002
Female 212 6.25(1.78) 7.38(2.70)
Facultya
Agriculture 27 6.07(1.62) 5.44- 6.71 *0.001 7.41(2.76) 6.31-8.50 *<0.001
Arts 18 5.56(2.64) 4.24-6.87 6.50(3.13) 4.94-8.06
Biological Sciences 66 6.83((1.97) 6.35-7.32 8.38(2.53) 7.76-9.00
Education 41 6.44(1.50) 5.97-6.91 7.71(2.23) 7.00-8.41
Engineering 114 6.11(1.64) 5.81 -6.42 6.89(2.79) 6.38-7.41
Pharmaceutical Sciences 67 6.96(1.62) 6.56-7.35 6.75(2.44) 6.15-7.34
Physical Sciences 54 6.56(1.63) 6.11 - 7.00 5.37(3.01) 4.55-6.19
Social Sciences 154 6.12(1.61) 5.87 - 6.38 6.69 (2.68) 6.26-7.11
Veterinary Medicine 28 6.86 (1.15) 6.41 – 7.30 6.71 (3.69) 5.28-8.15
Nationalityb
Nigerian 560 6.39 (1.70) 0.47 - 3.82 *0.012 6.95 (2.80) -1.57-3.96 0.396
Non-Nigerian 4 4.25 (1.89) 5.75 (3.77)
Age(in years)a
16 – 20 158 6.01 (1.83) 5.73-6.30 *0.007 7.06 (2.98) 6.60-7.53
21 – 25 354 6.53 (1.63) 6.36- 6.70 6.90 (2.74) 6.61 -7.19
26 – 30 46 6.59 (1.73) 6.07-7.10 6.33 (2.81) 5.49- 7.16
>30 7 5.57 (1.72) 3.98-7.16 6.86 (3.44) 3.68-10.04
Religiona
Christianity 550 6.38 (1.71) 6.24 – 6.52 0.566 6.92 (2.80) 6.69–7.16 0.436
Muslim 6 6.33 (2.07) 4.17 – 8.50 6.00 (3.74) 2.07–9.93
Others 10 5.80 (1.75) 4.55 – 7.05 6.00 (3.23) 3.69–8.31
Residencyb
Hostel 253 6.21 (1.76) -0.58 –-0.02 *0.038 7.10 (2.90) -0.12–0.82 0.143
Off-Campus 312 6.51 (1.66) 6.75 (2.73)
Year of Studya
2nd 178 6.37 (1.78) 6.11 – 6.63 0.704 6.97 (3.15) 6.51 – 7.44 0.527
3rd 169 6.27 (1.68) 6.02 – 6.53 7.08 (2.42) 6.71 – 7.44
4th 141 6.45 (1.77) 6.15 – 6.74 6.57 (2.81) 6.10 – 7.04
5th 74 6.41 (1.52) 6.05 – 6.76 6.91 (2.73) 6.27 – 7.54
6th 6 7.17 (0.41) 6.74 – 7.60 7.67 (4.18) 6.328 – 12.05
Smoking Fatherb
Yes 51 6.47 (1.69) -0.39–0.59 0.688 5.96 (3.16) -1.85 – -0.24 *0.011
No 519 6.37 (1.71) 7.00 (2.76)
Smoking Motherb
Yes 9 5.78 (1.99) -1.74–0.52 0.287 5.22 (4.27) -3.57 – 0.14 0.07
Smoking Siblingsb
Yes 48 6.25 (1.60) -0.65–0.37 0.585 5.38 (3.03) -2.50 –-0.85 *<0.001
Close Smoking Relativesb
Yes 68 6.62 (1.74) -0.16–0.70 0.219 6.81 (2.92) -0.83 – 0.60 0.751
Smoking Friendsb
Yes 252 6.33 (1.64) -0.38–0.19 0.505 6.21 (2.94) -1.70 –-0.79 *<0.001
Place of childhood upbringinga
SS 40 5.80 (1.54) 5.30 – 6.29 *0.036 6.60 (2.37) 5.84 – 7.36 0.193
SE 397 6.40 (1.62) 6.23 – 6.56 7.04 (2.79) 6.76 – 7.32
NW 30 6.23 (2.10) 5.45 -7.02 6.93 (2.79) 5.89 – 7.798
NE 22 5.64 (2.30) 4.62 – 6.66 7.00 (2.71) 5.80 – 8.20
NC 51 6.67 (2.00) 6.11 – 7.23 6.35 (3.24) 5.44 - 7.26
SW 28 6.79 (1.47) 6.21 – 7.36 5.82 (2.98) 4.67 – 6.98
* P ≤ 0.05 shows statistical significance
Tests conducted: a=ANOVA; b =Independent student's t-test; SD=Standard Deviation
Table 5: Mean Difference Analysis
Although the one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the mean scores on knowledge for the different faculties, the Post-Hoc multiple comparisons with Scheffe did not show the pattern of the difference between the Faculties.
There was also a significant difference between the mean attitude scores for the different faculties and the Post-Hoc multiple comparisons with Scheffe showed a significant difference between: Biological sciences students and Physical Sciences students (P<0.001); Biological Sciences and Social Sciences students (P=0.026); Physical Sciences and Education (P=0.032). Biological Sciences had better attitudes than Physical Sciences and Social Sciences while the Physical Sciences had better attitudes than Education.
Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the mean knowledge scores between the different age groups. The Post-Hoc multiple comparisons with Scheffe showed that those between 21-25 years had better knowledge than those aged 16 -20 years (P = 0.019). Although there was a significant difference between the mean knowledge scores for the different regions for childhood upbringing, the Post-Hoc multiple comparisons with Scheffe did not show the pattern of the difference between the regions. Tables 6 shows that a proportionately much larger number of students who reside off-campus had better knowledge on cigarette smoking (53.8%) compared to those who reside in the hostel (on-campus) (45.1%). A proportionately much larger number of female students had better attitudes towards cigarette smoking (57.1%) compared to their male counterparts (45.3%). Also, those who resided in the hostels had better attitudes towards cigarette smoking (54.5%) compared to those who resided off-campus (45.8%).
Poor Knowledge
Adequate Knowledge
Good Attitudes
Gender 1.176 0.278 7.447 *0.006
Male 174 184 196 162
Female 113 99 91 121
Residency 4.35 *0.038 4.242 *0.039
Hostel 139 114 115 138
Off-campus 144 168 169 143
Smoking Father 0.040 0.842 5.965 *0.015
Yes 25 26 34 17
No 262 257 253 266
Smoking Siblings 0.305 0.581 14.983 *<0.001
Smoking Friends 1.064 0.302 22.492 *<0.001
Yes 133 119 155 97
Faculty 21.992 *0.005 19.463 *0.013
Agricultural Sciences 16 11 10 17
Arts 11 7 10 8
Biological Sciences 28 38 22 44
Education 19 22 15 26
Engineering 67 47 58 56
Pharmaceutical Sciences 26 41 35 32
Physical Sciences 20 34 35 19
Social Sciences 90 64 86 68
Veterinary Medicine 9 19 15 13
Table 6: Association between Demographic Variables and Knowledge, Attitudes towards Cigarette Smoking
Furthermore, a proportionately larger number of students with fathers who did smoke had good attitudes towards cigarette smoking (51.3%) compared to those with fathers who smoke (33.3%). Students who did not have smoking siblings had better attitudes towards cigarette smoking (52.1%) than those with smoking siblings (22.9%). Also, those who did not have smoking friends had better attitudes towards cigarette smoking (58.5%) compared to those who had smoking friends (38.5%).
Those in Pharmacy (61.2%) and Veterinary Medicine (67.9%) had adequate knowledge about cigarette smoking compared to other faculties. More students in Biological sciences (66.7%) had good attitudes towards cigarette smoking compared to other faculties.
About half of the students had adequate knowledge of cigarette, cigarette smoking and its implications and just half of them had bad attitudes towards smoking (i.e., attitudes that could make them start smoking or not quit smoking cigarettes). More than a fifth of the respondents had smoked cigarette before, even if it meant trying a few puffs once or twice. Of this, about a tenth had smoked in the last month and less smoked cigarette daily. Students who resided off campus exhibited a greater tendency to start smoking compared to those who resided in hostels on campus. Peer pressure and close associations could influence cigarette smoking habits.
Knowledge scores were summed up to give the total knowledge score for each respondent. Knowledge scores ranged from 0 (minimum) to 10 (maximum). These knowledge scores were categorized such that those who scored above the median 6 of the total knowledge scores had adequate knowledge of cigarette smoking. Also, the attitude scores were summed to give the total attitude score for each respondent with range from 0 (minimum) to 11 (maximum). Respondents who had above the median (7) of the total attitude scores were categorized as having good attitude.
Majority of the respondents knew that the addictive drug in cigarette is nicotine. Addiction, tension reduction, pleasure and automatism were predictors of smoking behavior among the smoking undergraduate students in Malaysia. [8] Addiction is common among youths resulting to difficulty in quitting smoking. [9]
Most of the respondents had good knowledge on the health risks of cigarette smoking. More than half of them knew that non-smokers exposed to second hand smoke can develop heart disease. They also knew that lung cancer is more common in smokers than non-smokers, and smokers face double the risk of a heart attack compared to nonsmokers. This contradicts a survey conducted in China where few people understood the specific health risks of tobacco use. [2] It is noteworthy that although young smokers know the health hazards associated with smoking, they may express a sense of invincibility to these health implications. Thus, they may engage in a pattern of risk minimization so as to suppress the negative perception of smoking. [10,11]
The prevalence of smoking was categorized to avoid respondents denying the habit. Of the total number of students who claimed to have smoked cigarette before, about 40% had smoked cigarette in the past month while one-fifth smoke on a daily basis, mostly 1-5 sticks. This was a lot higher than the relatively low prevalence of current cigarette smoking among medical students in Lagos. [12] Most of the respondents took their first puff between the ages of 12 and 18 when they must have been in secondary school. Adolescents/youths are very prone to peer pressure which can significantly influence their tobacco use. [4,13] The influence of friends extends to university years as one of the major reasons in this study for smoking cigarettes was because friends smoke.
Some students who smoke occasionally believe they are immune to the health risks of smoking. It is important to highlight the after-effects of occasional smoking to these ones, before nicotine dependence sets in. [14] Light and intermittent smokers do not like to be labelled as smokers and often deny their habit and may go undetected if the questions posed to them are not appropriately phrased. [14,15] A study in an American College showed that non-daily and daily smokers reported mostly similar health risk behaviors. [16] Even stable light smoking has notable health risks and is not a healthy long-term choice. [14] Students who are passive smokers should be encouraged to quit completely.
There was poor knowledge on cigarette smoking cessation. In another study in a university community, the level of awareness of smoking cessation products was low. [17] This might be due to the poor publicity that these products such as nicotine gums, nicotine patches and e-cigarettes have in Nigeria. Not many community pharmacies stock them and when they do, the prices are usually high. Smoking cessation is the only known primary therapy that can significantly decrease cancer and obstructive lung disease risks. [14]
More than half of the respondents had tried quitting smoking with possible health hazards being the major reason. This contradicts a study among undergraduates of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria where majority were not willing to quit because of a low perception of the negative effects of smoking on their health and quality of life. [7]
Counseling by health professionals was the least reason why the respondents had tried to stop smoking suggesting that health professionals may not be actively involved with this. Community pharmacists are well positioned to assist those willing to cease smoking. Counseling and medication can more than double the chance that a smoker who tries to quit smoking will succeed. [2] Seminars/workshops could be conducted on campuses to enlighten students on the hazards of cigarette smoking. In an evaluation of students in a Nigerian city, those who had received lectures on smoking were significantly willing to quit compared with those who had not received such lectures. [18] Lectures could be delivered on public advocacy days to draw awareness e.g., World No Tobacco Day.
Many respondents were willing to help cigarette smokers quit. These responses included both smokers and non-smokers and shows the relevance of health clubs where strategies to promote cigarette smoking cessation can be discussed and practiced. Similarly, a study among medical students of the Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, had 76.4% of the respondents willing to help smokers quit smoking. [19]
The respondents were exposed to pro-smoking and anti-smoking messages and advertisements; such as warnings from the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH). More than three-quarters of them got the question on the current slogan from the FMoH on tobacco smoking correctly. This is similar to an earlier study conducted. [19] However, the study reported that majority of the students interpreted the warnings in ways favorable to them. For example the previous warning on cigarette packs 'Smokers are liable to die young' was seen as though the industry did not believe it but was compelled to put it. [19] Anticigarette campaign awareness was majorly from newspapers, television and radio. Mass media campaigns can reduce tobacco consumption by influencing people to protect non-smokers and convincing youths to stop using tobacco. [5] Health warnings change social beliefs about tobacco, which will reduce tobacco use and increase support for tobacco control measures. [1] Anti-tobacco advertisements and graphic pack warnings reduce the number of children who begin smoking and increase the number of smokers who quit. [5]
Tobacco companies spend billions of dollars yearly on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. [1] Anti-cigarette campaigns in places of purchase are very necessary. Data from the United Kingdom show that youth exposed to display of tobacco products in shops are more susceptible to starting smoking. [1] In many countries, people are more aware of tobacco advertising in stores than other advertising channels. Point-of-sale advertising, product displays and signage, in retail stores may influence smoking behavior. [20] Tobacco products can be kept out of public view, so that customers must ask specifically if the store sells them. The extra effort required to ask a retailer for tobacco products may deter some purchases and assist with cessation efforts. Youths are less likely to attempt a purchase in stores where tobacco products are hidden from view. [20-22]
There is also the indirect tobacco marketing where clothing or other items feature a brand name or logo of a cigarette company. [1] Youths wear these clothing, for instance, oblivious of the messages they pass across. Cigarette smoking can also be promoted through television, as data from six European countries show that youth exposed to smoking in films are more likely to try smoking. [1] The government can regulate these as they are charged with the responsibility of protecting the health and rights of their people. [1]
More than half of the females had more likelihood of quitting/ never starting smoking. This could be attributed to the greater social disapproval of women who smoke and greater social pressure to quit. [4,23] More female students had better attitudes than their male counterparts towards smoking. This finding is similar to a study done in Cross River State, Nigeria. [12] Ladies less likely smoke in public places in Nigeria.
More students who had smoking fathers, mothers, relatives and friends had smoked before compared to those who didn't have. This finding corresponds with other studies that indicated smoking habits are influenced by close smoking relatives and peer pressure. [4,13]
Students who resided on campus had better attitudes towards smoking compared to those who stayed off-campus. This could be due to more exposure off-campus. Students who reside off-campus have more liberty with greater access to stores where cigarettes are sold.
This study only included students from the University of Nigeria Nsukka and the results might not be generalized to the whole student population or other universities. The information was collected by self-reports, hence the possibility of response bias. Cigarette smoking is commonly perceived as a bad habit so students who smoke might have reported otherwise due to social desirability. Furthermore, since there were more undergraduate males, the prevalence of cigarette smoking may have been higher since males are more likely to smoke than females. Some students were unwilling to participate in the study due to their on-going exams.
This study revealed that undergraduate students are more likely to smoke cigarettes when they reside off-campus. Also, peer pressure and close associations could influence cigarette smoking activities. Hence, more male hostels should be available on campus. Seminars/workshops should be conducted on campuses to enlighten students on the hazards of cigarette smoking. Lectures could be delivered on public advocacy days to draw awareness.
Students who resided off campus were more likely to start smoking compared to those who resided in hostels on campus. Peer pressure and close associations could influence cigarette smoking habits.
World Health Organization (WHO). Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013. Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (Cited 2017 Jan 04). Available from: http://www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85380/1/9789241505871_eng.pdf
World Health Organization (WHO). Tobacco 2016 (Cited 2017 Jan 04). Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheet/fs339/en/
Emerole CAJ, Chineke HN, Diwe KC, Onubeze DPM. Prevalence of smoking among undergraduates of Imo State University Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. Niger J Gen Pract 2013;11:43-7.
Ukwayi JK, Eja OF, Unwanede CC. Peer pressure and tobacco smoking among undergraduate students of the University of Calabar, Cross River State. Higher Education Studies 2012;2:92-101.
Egbe CO, Egbochukwu EO, Petersen I, Meyer-Weitz A. Cigarette smoking among Southern Nigeria youth and what geopolitical zones got to do with it. Vulnerable Children Youth Stud 2016;1-12.
Fawibe AE, Shittu AO. Prevalence and characteristics of cigarette smokers among undergraduates of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2011;14:201-5.
Saravanan C, Heidhy I. Psychological problems and psychosocial predictors of cigarette smoking behavior among undergraduate students in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014;15:7629-34.
Umaru Y, Abdullahi MI, Oliagba O, Sambo S, Abdulwahid U. The effect of cognitive restructuring intervention on tobacco smoking among adolescents in Senior Secondary School in Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria. Eur Sci J 2014;10:327-36.
Egbe CO, Petersen I, Meyer-Weitz A. Knowledge of the negative effects of cigarette smoking on health and well-being among Southern Nigerian Youth. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 2016;6:184-90.
Helweg-Larsen M, Tobias MR, Cerban BM. Risk perception and moralization among smokers in the US and Denmark: A qualitative approach. Br J Health Psychol 2010;15:871-86.
Dania MG, Ozoh OB, Bandele EO. Smoking habits, awareness of risks, and attitude towards tobacco control policies among medical students in Lagos, Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2015;14:1-7.
Adebiyi AO, Faseru B, Sangowawa AO, Owoaje ET. Tobacco use amongst out of school adolescents in a local government area in Nigeria. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2010;5:24.
Brown AE, Carpenter MJ, Sutfin EL. Occasional smoking in college who, what, when and why? Addict Behav 2011;46:1199-204.
Waters K, Harris K, Hall S, Nazir N, Waigandt A. Characteristics of social smoking among college students. J Am Coll. Health 2006;55:133-9.
Sutfin EL, McCoy TP, Berg CJ, Champion H, Helme DW, O'Brien MC, et al. Tobacco use by college students: a comparison of daily and nondaily smokers. Am J Health Behav 2012;36:218-29.
Abikoye GE, Kashimawo AJ, Eze CU. Tobacco smoking and awareness of smoking-cessation products in a university community. J Public Health Epidemiol 2013; 5:351-86.
Atoyebi OA, Ibirongbe DO, Babatunde OA, Atoyebi OE. To start and quit smoking cigarettes: an evaluation of students in a Nigerian city. J Prev Med Hyg 2013;54:104-8.
Eniojukan JF, Owonaro PA. Tobacco use awareness and perception among medical students in the Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research 2016;3:12-7.
Cohen JE, Planinac L, Lavack A, Robinson D, O'Connor S, DiNardo J. Changes in retail tobacco promotions in a cohort of stores before, during, and after a tobacco product display ban. Am J Public Health 2011;101:1879-81.
Spanopoulos D, Britton J, McNeill A, Ratschen E, Szatkowski L. Tobacco display and brand communication at the point of sale: implications for adolescent smoking behaviour. Tob Control 2014;23:64-9.
Kim AE, Nonnemaker JM, Loomis BR, Shafer PR, Shaikh A, Hill E, et al. Influence of tobacco displays and ads on youth: a virtual store experiment. Pediatrics 2013;131:e88-e95.
Greaves L. The meanings of smoking to women and their implications for cessation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015;12:1449-65.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Cooper's Hawk Winery & Restaurants is an Illinois-based restaurant and winery chain founded by Tim McEnery. The company's 45 locations each include a full-service restaurant, tasting room, and retail store.

The company opened its first restaurant location in Orland Park, Illinois in 2005. The chain has locations in Arizona, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

History
Founder Tim McEnery opened his first Cooper's Hawk in October 2005 in Orland Park, Illinois, three years after working in restaurant management, he noticed that very few wineries had an on-site restaurant. It became Illinois' first establishment with a winery and restaurant under the same roof. The company has since expanded to 45 locations across the Midwest and Southeastern United States. In 2019, the company's revenue was $280 million.

Restaurant and winery
The Cooper's Hawk central wine production facility is located in Woodridge, Illinois. Each restaurant stores and displays barrels of Cooper's Hawk wine, where they undergo the aging process from a few months up to 18 months. Cooper's Hawk makes almost 60 different wines, and sells only its own wines in its restaurants, as well as producing 12 "wines of the month" each year. As of July 2021, the company had 500,000 wine club members.

Awards
Cooper's Hawk has earned a number of wine awards from local, national and international competitions. The awards include being named a "Hot Concept" in 2010 and a "MenuMaster" in 2013 by Nation's Restaurant News, and a Top 10 Best Winery Restaurant in 2021 from USA Today.

In January 2009 and 2013, Cooper's Hawk was selected to pour its wines at the Illinois Inaugural Gala in Washington, D.C. It also created Cooper's Hawk Artists Red Blend for the 2021 Screen Actors Guild Awards.

Cooper's Hawk is listed as one of the best restaurants in Chicago in the book Food Lovers' Guide to Chicago: The Best Restaurants, Markets and Local Culinary Offerings.

References

External links

2005 establishments in Illinois
Companies based in Cook County, Illinois
American companies established in 2005
Orland Park, Illinois
Restaurant chains in the United States
Restaurants established in 2005
Restaurants in Illinois
Wineries in Illinois
Food and drink companies established in 2005

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


1. I click and drag an element from one place to another.
2. I release the mouse button and then move the mouse to a new location.
3. The element I was dragging "sticks" to the mouse and moves with the mouse to the new location!!!
4. In order to actually drop the element where I want it, I actually have to click the mouse button again.
This is just plain wrong! You are creating a different mechanism for DND that is NOT STANDARD! This is very frustrating because I will have to remember two different behaviors for the same action--and there is only one program on the entire planet, Sparkol VideoScribe, that happens to make use of one of those behaviors.
Please fix this behavior so that it operates the way 99.9999999% of all other programs operate.
Hi David, thanks for your thoughts and explanation.
We are currently looking at how the timeline functions and will be implementing improvements in version 2.1.
So I have version 2.3.7 and am experiencing the above problem. I will rotate an image and then when I release, it keeps rotating. I can click elsewhere, open up a different item to edit, and that image will keep rotating. The only way I can get forward is closing out the window and starting over again. But the behavior often repeats itself.
It does this with rotating and expanding the size of an element.
There is still an issue with the Mac version of VideoScribe where functionality can be lost after using Ctrl+click. If you close and re-open VideoScribe and avoid using Ctrl+click you will not experience this issue. Ctrl+click is used to bring up the right click menu and the workaround for now is to set up your mouse or trackpad to right click.
All other keyboard shortcuts use CMD on Macs.
I got this sticky-mouse problem even if I don't Ctrl-click. It's a replicable problem (not a one-time or two-time thing).
Please let me know the replication steps.


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How old is Thom Yorke?
Thom Yorke was born on 7 October 1968.
Thom Yorke is 51 years old.
How old is Thom Yorke in days now?
Thom Yorke is 51 years 3 months 10 days old.
When is the next birthday of Thom Yorke?
Thom Yorke's next birthday is in 8 months 20 days.
What is the zodiac sign of Thom Yorke?
Zodiac sign of Thom Yorke is Libra.
Thomas Edward Yorke is a British multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and singer, who became famous as the lead singer of "Radiohead". He is known for his unique falsetto vocals and easily recognizable approach to creating music. A university graduate, at the age of 22 Yorke became a member of the band "On a Friday", which later on was renamed as "Radiohead" and is remembered as a leader of alternative rock. Together with the band, Yorke recorded 4 studio albums and performed around Europe and the US with great success. Since 2006 Thom has been developing his solo career by recording his albums and inviting other famous musicians like Flea from the RHCP, Bjork, PJ Harvey, and others. Yorke is an avid activist and has been taking part in a huge number of human rights and anti-war related projects since 1998. The musician was married to his university girlfriend and a professional artist Rachel Owen, who is the mother of his two children. The couple divorced in 2015, and a year later Owen passed away.


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Play Your Favorite Games Online for Free Play Unlimited Online Games for Free – Amazing Collection of The Best and Most Popular Web Flash Games – Play Old School Retro Games On Your Computer
80s Games
READ ME:
USE GOOGLE CHROME TO PLAY THE GAMES!!!
THE GAMES ARE NOT WORKING ON MOBILE
OR OTHER PC WEB BROWSERS. THANK YOU!
Home » Puzzle Games » Free Mahjong Online • Play Mahjong Solitaire Games
Free Mahjong Online • Play Mahjong Solitaire Games
Mahjong • Play Free Mahjong Games Online
This game is a tile-based game that was created in China during the Qing dynasty and has spread everywhere in the world since the early 20th century. Free mahjong is commonly played by 4 players. Since Mahjong is old game you get that wasn't developed for PC or smartphones right away. However, as technology was going forward now you can enjoy playing mahjong online whenever you please. Most of you who play free mahjong online know that this it's a game of skill, strategy and calculation. You can play mahjong right here on this site. In addition, you can enjoy mahjong online multiplayer as well.
The game is played with a set of 144 tiles which are based on Chinese characters and symbols. However, some regional alternatives of mahjong games may exclude some tiles and/or include unique tiles. In most alternatives, each person starts by receiving 13 tiles. When in turn, players draw and discard tiles until they complete a legal hand using the 14th drawn tile to 4 sets and a pair. A person can also win with a small class of special hand. There are many rules on how a piece is drawn, how you can obtain a piece from another player etc. Despite the fact that most mahjong games are similar to each other, there are different scoring systems, criteria or legal winning hands.
The game comes with a lot of rules. We are going to cover the most important parts of the game and its rules. Each person when in turn, in anti-clockwise direction, draws a tile from the wall as long as the tile drawn is not one of the bonus tiles, the player proceeds to discard a tile to maintain a hand of 13. The discarded tile is thrown into the centre and if desired, the player announces what the piece is. The other players have chance to grab the discarded tile, however if no one takes it, the turn goes to the next player. While playing, each player's hand should always be 13 tiles. Please keep in mind that the count of 13 tiles does not include any bonus tiles, which are set to the side.
We are going to assume that you are not here to learn all about the game. Well the main reason you've come to this site is to play free mahjong online. I myself, if being totally honest, find the free online mahjong games a bit challenging. I cannot find the words to describe what nerves I had while learning to play. Try this game: Cribbage • Play Cribbage Game Online for Free
If you are one of those people seeking for more challenging games, well I've got great news for you guys. This game is one of the fewer games that can bring you more challenge than any other tile-based game over the internet.
Tags free mahjong mahjong games mahjong online play mahjong
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Artists T - Z /
Taylor Swift Tickets
Looking for Taylor Swift outside the UK?
About Taylor SwiftSell tickets
The Dead South
This Is The Kit
Ina Müller
Taylor Swift: pop superstar announces Reputation 2018 UK tour
10 Grammy awards; five Guinness World Records; an Emmy; a Brit Award; over 42 million albums and 130 million singles sold; and some of the catchiest, most memorable pop songs ever written (think "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", "22" and "Shake It Off") – few artists in the history of pop music have experienced the meteoric rise to superstardom quite like Taylor Swift.
Still only 27, Swift is already one of the top-20 best-selling artists of all time and ranks among the wealthiest and most influential musicians on the planet. Her razor-sharp songwriting has helped her deliver six studio albums – all of which have sold at least five million copies – while the fever and anticipation surrounding her latest release Reputation was representative of an artist who is on top of the world. "Look What You Made Me Do" – the album's first single – was watched more than 43.2 million times during its first 24 hours on YouTube, smashing the previous record (held by Korean pop star Psy) by over 7 million views.
Even by Swift's standards, Reputation has been a phenomenal success; with a massive world tour now set to follow. The "Look What You Made Me Do" hitmaker will perform in London, Manchester and Dublin in June 2018 with her extravagant and high-energy concerts boasting some of the most consistently-high review scores in the industry.
So don't miss your chance to see pop's biggest superstar live in the UK, make sure you buy Taylor Swift tickets at StubHub now.
Taylor Swift: from country music princess to pop royalty
Taylor Swift's career began in 2006 with the release of her eponymous debut album, and single "Tim McGraw" was an early sign of the success to come. Fearless followed in 2008, topping the charts in the United States and becoming the country's best-selling album of 2009. Thirteen of its songs charted within the top forty of the Billboard Hot 100, breaking the record for the most top forty entries from a single album.
Swift's third studio album, Speak Now (2010), debuted at number-one in the United States, and charted within the top ten in several countries, as her success began to spread to the likes of Australia, Canada, and the UK. But it was Red (2012) that officially launched her to worldwide stardom: her first number one album in the United Kingdom, it included huge international hits "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" and "I Knew You Were Trouble".
1989 (released in 2014) is Swift's biggest-selling album to date, although critics are predicting that 2017's Reputation could eventually top that success. Like "I Knew You Were Trouble" and "Blank Space" before it, Swift uses the album's first single – "Look What You Made Me Do" – to take aim at her enemies, with the new album showcasting the beginnings of a darker, more ferocious Taylor Swift.
Similar artists to Taylor Swift
Once you've bought your Taylor Swift tickets at StubHub, check out tour dates for fellow female superstars Katy Perry and Little Mix.


Mo Farah should be furious.
The Team Sky cycling outfit have loved to brag about their professionalism and their skill at finding marginal gains.
Nothing is left to chance we are told. Apparently they even tested the possibility of getting a rise out of Viagra. They're only sloppy when it comes to storing medical data properly. You know the stuff that could make all the suspicious stories disappear.
Alex Hales had a lovely time in the Caribbean.
It now appears that the team behind Mo Farah have the same problem.
Mo's claim to be a clean athlete must be accepted, but a close association with coach Alberto Salazar is doing him no favours.
Farah must be furious that a 2014 infusion of a controversial supplement wasn't properly recorded. It's almost as if these medical experts are trying to hide stuff.
Poor old Steve McClaren has been sacked by Derby County again.
England's one-day international trip to the Caribbean was a complete and utter waste of time. They played on pitches which won't bear any relation to those they will find in the Champions Trophy in England this summer against opponents now so useless they haven't even qualified for the big event. Still the likes of Joe Root, Alex Hales, and Eoin Morgan managed to boost their averages and unemployed players like Tom Curran managed to top up their tans at a lovely venue.
Just what is the point of mid-table teams sacking managers when they have nothing to play for as Norwich and Derby have just done? There are some bad owners/chairmen out there.


All 0844 or 0843 numbers Ofcom describe as Low Call Rate Numbers. These 0844 or 0843 numbers cost between 2 pence and 5 pence per minute to call (depending upon the exact number range itself) when called from BT landlines. The low call rate description reflects the cost to call these when charged from a UK landline, when called from a mobile number or from abroad, networks will charge a lot more/minute.
As a low call rate number, 0844 is a good choice for businesses wanting to attract more calls, whether for inbound sales, or ongoing customer support.
Customers are more comfortable with calling any 0844 number, than they would be if calling any other premium number(s). Service on these numbers is usually free from ourselves. Set up costs are only incurred for memorable numbers (gold and platinum) or if very complex call routing plans are required to handle higher call volumes.
So your customers benefit from a low call rate and you benefit from a number that gives you a national presence and which comes with professional call handling features for free & where you may be able to receive a small rebate too.


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Sharon and Bram on becoming TikTok stars, new album
January 9, 2022, 11:02 p.m.
Canadian music icons Sharon and Bram talk to Ian Hanomansing about Skinnamarink attracting new fans on TikTok and releasing their first new album in 21 years.
Winter storm in the forecast for much of northern Alberta: Environment Canada
A winter storm warning is in effect for much of northern Alberta for Monday, while southern Alberta may experience a sudden period of strong winds and some precipitation. Environment Canada forecasts wintry weather in the northern half of the province Monday, from the Peace River-Fairview-High Prairie-Manning region through to the Lloydminster-Wainwright-Vermilion-Provost area. Heavy snow, freezing rain, strong winds, blowing snow and a sudden drop in temperatures are expected in the affected re
EDMONTON — Alberta Premier Jason Kenney has relieved Justice Minister Kaycee Madu of his duties after it came to light that Madu called Edmonton's police chief about a traffic ticket. Kenney says while all parties agree Madu never asked Chief Dale McFee to cancel the ticket last March, there's a bigger issue at play. "It's essential the independent administration of justice is maintained," Kenney said in an announcement on Twitter late Monday. "That's why I will appoint a respected independent i
ATHENS, Greece (AP) — Greece imposed a vaccination mandate Monday for people 60 and older, as the country's vaccination rate remains below the European Union average and a spike in infections has put sustained pressure on Greek hospitals. Older people failing to get vaccinated will face penalties, starting at a 50-euro ($57) fine in January and followed by a monthly fine of 100 euros ($114) after that. About two-thirds of Greece's 10.7 million people are fully vaccinated, while the EU average is
AP Top Stories January 16P
Here's the latest for Sunday, January 16: Bronx community gathers to grieve fire victims; Novak Djokovic loses deportation appeal; Snow, ice blasts through South with powerful storm; Damage in New Zealand after Pacific eruption.
French far-left presidential hopeful woos voters with jobs
NANTES, France (AP) — Far-left French presidential candidate Jean-Luc Melenchon embraced migrants and Russia and derided campaign rivals Sunday as he sought to reinvigorate his flagging campaign for April's election with an unusual "immersive and olfactory" rally. Yes, olfactory: The campaign team diffused various smells into the exhibition hall in the western city of Nantes, surrounding participants with screens and speakers. While the videos were powerful, with ocean waves and starscapes trans


More than any other cable category, premium hdmi to lightning adapter are maligned for being "not worth it." This is mostly due to a fundamental misunderstanding of how digital works as well as oversight of all the functions an HDMI cable is tasked with. That said, there is an element of truth to what is often said about HDMI cables.
Two short length (let's say 2m) cables of different qualities connected to identical systems will often be difficult to distinguish from one another in picture quality. This is because the error rate is very low on a short length cables and the hdmi to lightning cable signal contains extra bits for error correction. Sharp eyes may see differences in brightness, or errors when a lot of motion is present.
These video differences can be more pronounced as lengths increase, but are not always as clear as night and day. Premium cables are capable of reliably going longer distances at higher data rates. Because of this, most of the grumbling and pushback from naysayers is in regards to shorter cables. It should be said though, that errors do still exist on shorter cables and error correction is never ideal.
A premium cable, even in short lengths, will result in less error correction and a measurably better signal, even though the human eye might be easily fooled.While the human eye is easily fooled, the human ear is in many ways much more perceptive. Think of this … if you are trying to really hear something, what is the first thing you do? Close your eyes! This is because vision can be so deceptive.
Don't forget that micro usb to HDMI cable is not just a video cable, but is also an audio cable. It is THE audio cable for our most sophisticated consumer level surround formats, but audio is rarely mentioned, leaving all of the focus on video. For many reasons, audio is far more complicated to reproduce, and error correction is rarely proven effective.
This is partly due to the more freeform nature of audio verses video, as well as the ear's sensitivity to timing errors (also known as jitter in the digital world). The audio differences in HDMI cables can be heard just as dramatically on even the shortest lengths, and improvements in the cable materials make a marked difference in the sound quality from all HDMI enabled devices.


Using Twitter Bootstrap, you may create static navbar. In this tutorial, you will see how to do that.
Note: An example of Navbar with Twitter Bootstrap 3 is added. You may have a live demo here and may download the zip file containing dist folder downloaded from Bootstrap's website containing css, js and fonts folder and navbar-example.html file. To run it from your own setup without making any changes in the paths, Keep dist folder and the example html file in the same folder.
And Here is the HTML5 code of the page without any content.
Now, let's replace the <!--navigation does here--> with the following code to create the first set of navigations. Note that there is a "brand" class which is rendered in a different way, this may be used to render your company's / organization's name.
Wish to create a dropdown menu now? For that, you may insert the following code right after the HTML code shown in the last code block.
For inserting a search form into the navbar, right after the <ul> containing the dropdown list, insert the following code. Note that, class "pull-left" is to left align the search form. If you wish to align that right, you may use "pull-right" class.
Now we want to insert social buttons into the navbar. And we want to place it at the right most part of the navbar. We are going to insert Google Plus, Facebook Like, and Tweet buttons. You may insert the following code right after the code for the search form.
You may keep that wrapped within <style type="text/css"> and </style>in the page itself or may add it through an external CSS file.
And finally, you need to insert two more blocks of code. One for the Facebook button and another for the Google Plus. These are supplied by the Facebook and Google for inserting buttons dynamically into your page.
You may view the example live.
Note that, you need to add a padding of 40px after opening body tag. And add that after the core Bootstrap CSS and before the optional responsive CSS.


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Understanding Corrosion for Structural Steel – Sustainability through Durability
Presented by Remedy Asset
BY Lucia Salituri
Tags: corrosion, cpd, CPD LIVE, CPDLive, Remedy Asset Protection, sustainability
WATCH NOW ON CPD-LIVE
Session Synopsis
Corrosion – defined as the irreversible degradation or destruction of steel that occurs as a result of a reaction with its environment – has significant negative consequences, including property damage, high remediation costs, and even structural failure. According to research by the Curtin University of Technology, it may cost the Australian economy upwards of $30 billion annually.
The good news is that much of this cost is avoidable. As it stands, a lot of damage is caused by the use of substandard materials, poor workmanship, a lack of knowledge or insufficient attention to corrosion protection during the design phase of projects.
The best way to minimise the problem, in other words, is to employ sound corrosion management practices. But how should specifiers go about this? How are they able to tell whether their particular projects (or particular parts of their projects) are susceptible to corrosion? And in what circumstances should they seek the advice of a corrosion expert?
View the video now by filling the form below.
Key Learning Outcomes
At the end of this presentation you should be able to –
Define 'corrosion' and outline both its causes and negative consequences.
Explain why effective corrosion management equates to improved sustainability.
Outline the environments and parts of buildings that are most susceptible to corrosion.
Outline how micro-environments can affect rates of corrosion.
Identify the legislative framework surrounding corrosion and assess its effectiveness.
Identify circumstances in which specifiers should seek the advice of independent corrosion experts.
(Project Initiation and Conceptual Design PC28, PC31; Detailed Design and Construction Documentation PC39, PC41; Design Delivery and Construction Phase Services PC56)
CPD Documents:
Access the CPD Questionnaire: CLICK HERE
Download the CPD Answer Sheet: CLICK HERE
*Please remember you are required to attend the full hour of the presentation in order to receive your formal CPD Certificate.
*You don't need to submit your questionnaire, please keep on file for your records.
*By registering to watch this you agree to share your information with Indesign Media and its third-party partners.
Justin Rigby, Managing Director, Remedy Asset Protection
Justin has extensive experience in the Protective Coatings industry developed over 25 years and is a NACE CIP lecturer, Icorr Level 3 inspector, Level 2 Bridge Inspector and serves as Chairperson of two of the Australasian Corrosion Association's Technical Groups. Justin has authored a number of papers for publication in prestigious journals and has presented at international conferences and in Australia with regard to concrete protection and coatings technologies. He has a passion for project delivery and his focus is on introducing efficiencies and building team based strategies with enhanced performance and cost benefits for Clients and their suppliers.
Dr. Rob Francis of RA Francis Consulting
Rob Francis has over 40 years' experience in corrosion and protective coatings. He is an expert in corrosion and its mitigation, especially in the area of protective coatings for steelwork for atmospheric environments. He is a member and chair of a number of Australian and international Standards committees, including those responsible for AS/NZS 2312.1 on the selection of protective coatings and AS 4312 on Australian corrosivity zones. Rob has authored or co-authored over 40 technical papers and is committed to reducing the impact of corrosion through education, training and provision of practical, real-world information.
Creo Collection
13th Beach
GH Commercial
Jil Dining Table
Softscape Modular Lounging
Flexibility is the key in this new digital technology education space
Durable and adaptable seating creates dynamic teaching and learning environments at the new Centre for Creative Industries at St Andrew's Lutheran College.
Dipping offices in colour with Herman Miller
Bidding farewell to mundane and uninspired office spaces, colour has transformed our workplaces into layered and engaging environments. So we sit down with Karina Simpson, Hot Black's Workplace Lead, to talk about the influence colour has on the workspace landscape through the prism of Herman Miller's progressive colour philosophy.
Evolution in motion: Tongue & Groove unveils an inspirational new identity
Australia's leading producer of solid-engineered oak flooring has recently launched a new suite of innovative resources to support creativity and ambition in the architecture and design community.
"Designing our future": Mapping a process of self-reflection with Tzannes
Sydney architecture studio Tzannes is launching its new website. What began as an exercise in arranging a portfolio of award-winning work has evolved into a profound process of self-reflection as the practice readies itself for a multigenerational future.
How can we, as designers, reach the net-zero target by 2040?
Interiors have a significant embodied carbon footprint and their churn rate is much greater than base buildings. Dr Caroline Noller of The Footprint Company lays out the situation.
Growth industry: Students leading the way in biodesign
In a competition held by K5 Furniture in collaboration with Monash University, students were challenged with a brief of mycelium-based product design. We visit the avant-garde with the exhibition 'Metanoia'.
Making mid-century modern sculpture go green in London
Following recent award wins for Brookfield Place Sydney, Make has also been recognised for a landmark workplace project in London. At 80 Charlotte Street, you'll find architecture in tune with its surroundings.
Warning to all architects: Ignore design culture at your peril
Australian architect and Conrad Gargett principal Dale Swan laments the lack of design culture in some practices across the country. According to Dale, it's often what leads promising young architects and designers to exit such studios.
Mount Pleasant Wines in most pleasant surroundings
With touches of Australian architectural vernacular, Luchetti Krelle has created a rustically charming winery experience fit for today. The design stuns from the inside and out.


Over the past few weeks in my newsletter, "On The Mark," I discussed some things that generally occur at major stock market tops. Here is a brief synopsis.
Major stock market tops are generally accompanied by lengthy divergences with respect to market internals and longer-term (weekly, monthly) momentum as well as extreme optimism from a sentiment standpoint. Sometimes, extreme speculation toward one area of the market (remember the biotechs, the housing and financial stocks, the dotcoms and technology stocks, the consumer staple stocks, and the nifty fifty, etc.). Where is that sector right now? I really do not think we have one at this point.
We certainly do not have the ingredients for a major market top when looking at market internals. The common stock-only advance-decline (A/D) line as well as the more traditional A/D line are both hitting new ATHs as we speak. The last couple of peaks in the A/D line were in 1998, mid-2007, and mid-2015. The last two were months before the S&P 500 Index (INDEXSP:.INX) peaked, while the '98 peak was years before the market peaked.
Longer-term momentum does present some issues, as this new high in the S&P 500 has not been confirmed by a new high in monthly momentum. This is certainly something to keep an eye on over the coming months, but right now, it is not a problem as new monthly momentum highs are still a possibility. On a weekly basis, MACD recently made a new bull market high with the 14W RSI almost making a new bull high. This is not a sign of a major top as at least one bearish divergence, if not many, are seen before the final price high.
One key ingredient to a major market peak is a pick up in price volatility. As my title goes, markets don't peak when price action is extremely calm. There are multiple warnings from a volatility perspective during major peaks and we certainly are not seeing anything remotely close right now.
Looking at the last two major stock market tops bears this out, pun intended. The 2000 stock market peak, which was a secular market peak, saw plenty of pickup in volatility both prior to the high and after it. There was a very short major correction/bear market (20%+) in 1998, which was a very early warning sign that a top was coming. From July to October 1999, the S&P 500 fell 13%, but then rallied almost 20% into early January 2000. This was followed by a 10% pullback over the next two months and then a 17% rally into the March 2000 peak. That's volatility!
Following the March 2000 peak, the "500" then fell almost 14% in a month, which then led to a 14% rally into August 2000. This was followed by an almost 15% decline into October 2000.
The same thing can be seen during the 2007/2008-market peak which was a cyclical top. There was an early warning sign in the beginning of 2007 with the S&P 500 falling 6.7% from February 22 to March 14. The initial peak occurred in July 2007 and that was followed by an almost 12% decline into August. The "500" then soared 15% into the October 2007 market top. This was then followed by an 11% dip into the end of November and then an 8% rally into December. Clearly, the market is not showing this kind of evidence of a top. The only thing that can be said is that the volatility seen in 2015/2016 may be the early warning signs of a top that we saw in 1998 and early 2007.
Another type of major stock market top can also be seen, but is pretty rare, and that is a parabolic top or asymptotic top. This top was certainly seen in 1929 and to a lesser degree, in 1987. We also saw this type of top with the Nasdaq Composite from 1998 until early 2000. These peaks can also be called Christmas trees because that's what they look like after they are complete and when most/all of the gains have disappeared. We certainly do not have this price action now either.
Feel free to reach out to me at arbetermark@gmail.com for inquiries about my newsletter "On The Mark".


Have you ever received a gift from someone you don't know? Would you guess that gift might be the greatest gift ever received by anybody? Would you ever expect to give a gift so special and have that person receiving the gift not ever even knowing your name? Can you imagine giving a gift that special, and not even know you were giving that gift to someone? No it's not coaching, advice, or even listening. Giving is at the heart of living a great life. To not even know their name and they don't even know they are giving, yet they will be the greatest giver of all time in the life of my brother-in-law Dennis. Dennis is like a brother to me and is on the Denver heart transplant list. Sadly, for him to live, he needs a healthy heart within 2 hours of someone dying, so he can be prepped for surgery. Even more sad is that the heart often will come from a deadly accident or unexpected tragedy.
As we pray for Denny, we also pray for others around our world to be healthy and safe. Is this a paradox? Someone today, or in the next few weeks, most likely unaware of their impending death, will be a donor and will hopefully extend Denny's life another 20-30 years. Could it be me? We just don't know.
We read about transplant patients a year after receiving a heart having a joyous reunion with the family members who donated their loved one's heart. Then they actually can feel and hear the heart of their loved one beating inside another person – a stranger. It is surreal – just surreal.
Here is the sad truth – without a new heart soon, Denny will be the one who dies. We don't want Denny to die. We don't want another person to unwillingly die either. So we turn these decisions over to faith or fate. In both we hope outcomes for all will in some space and time continuum make sense. In our frail human destiny we simply hope and pray for humanity to be great beyond any one person, surgery, or accident.
The beautiful fruit trees bearing fruit and shade were planted many years earlier by someone no longer with us today. Their gift of planting was never meant to be enjoyed by them, rather by others.
Being a great giver may be less conscious and more unplanned. To know our gift of life inside each us can live in another, we sometimes call that inspiring or motivating. In other cases, physically we can become the greatest gift any person can give to another.
Dennis got a call in his small apartment near the UC Health Center in Denver on February 22. They said "We have a heart for you. It's a good one." We only know it was from a young man in his mid-20's. Suicide, overdose, car accident, something else – we don't know. We will only know the fate of the donor a year from now, if that family would like to meet Denny. Denny is now over a month with a new heart. His progress and strength is amazing. So far there is no host-graft disease or rejection. We are encouraged and excited for Denny's new life. He has a second birthday – Feb.22. Sadly that date also completes the dash on a tombstone showing the end of a young man's life ended too soon, or just in time for Denny. The life of the unknown greatest giver of all time.
Live and Give joyfully, everyone!


The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center is a free-standing comprehensive cancer center within the University of Texas system. In 2011, the institution marked its 70th anniversary and it welcomed Ronald DePinho, M.D., as its fourth full-time president and PI of the CCSG. The mission of MD Anderson is to eliminate cancer in Texas, the nation and the world through outstanding integrated programs of patient care, research, education and prevention. MD Anderson is dedicated wholly to the study of cancer involving a continuum of basic, clinical and population-based investigation, with an emphasis on multidisciplinary translational research. During the last 5 years, the number of cancer center members has increased 14%, facilities including those under construction have increased 56% and new patients have increased to 34,000 annually. Annual citations in Web of Science have increased to 2507 in 2011 (16.5%), including 283 articles in journals with an impact factor >10, reflecting substantial contributions to cancer research. The total research budget increased 40% from $445 million to $624 million. NCI grant support has increased from $115M to $120M (3%) with the largest number of NCI grants for any center (>220), including 11 SPOREs and 13 P01s. Research Programs remain at 19 and support is requested for 16 shared resources. Since the last CCSG renewal, basic science has been strengthened substantially with recruitment of world class leaders in immunology, genomics, proteomics, drug discovery and cancer biology. Translational research has been enhanced and strategic planning implemented to accelerate reductions in cancer deaths in this decade, through MD Anderson's 'moon shot'efforts across the cancer care continuum focused on several major cancers. These planning efforts were made possible by the CCSG disease programs and their well-established multi-disciplinary interactions. Since the last renewal 21 new agents developed at MD Anderson have entered clinical trials, 8 additional agents are expected to enter clinical trials in the next year and 12 INDs were prepared by the cancer center. Clinical research has been strengthened with new leadership, further development of infrastructure and data bases, and emphasis on hypothesis driven, investigator initiated trials. Cancer is a global problem, and MD Anderson has built a network of 26 Sister Institutions in 19 countries to facilitate research and educational activities. Cancer prevention and survivorship is a priority for MD Anderson with an emphasis on molecular epidemiology, behavioral science, clinical cancer prevention and early detection research to reduce the burden of cancer within Texas and worldwide.
Support is requested for 16 shared resources that have facilitated and enhanced research productivity. Funds are also requested for Planning and Evaluation, Senior Leaders, Program Leaders and for Development to enhance faculty recruitment, to provide seed support for multi-investigator grants and to develop a limited number of new shared resources. This support will be critical for MD Anderson's efforts to Make Cancer History.


I hope everyone had a lovely Thanksgiving and survived Black Friday. One of the many things I am thankful for is YOU readers of What Is In My World.
Watch the following clip from Jimmy Fallon last night with Rashida Jones. Laughing always feeds my soul.
I love Jimmy Fallon, but I am never able to see his show. Thank you for posting this! So well done. Laughter is closest to heaven.


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The latest explanation for New York corruption – New York Post
New York PostGlenwood Management — and all the New York pols it bribed over the years — must be laughing all the way to the bank. Wednesday, the state's Joint Commission on Public Ethics hit the real-estate firm with $200,000 in penalties in connection with the … …read more From:: New York City News By […]
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NY / Region|After Paladino's Racist Remarks, Buffalo School Board Demands He Resign – New York Times
New York TimesSo I'm asking you to do the right thing, and resign." Mr. Paladino, first elected to the board in 2013, is not new to efforts to remove board members. Three years ago, he filed two petitions trying to remove Dr. Nevergold. Both were dismissed a few …Trump New York co-chair won't resign despite […]
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Obama Strikes Back at Russia for Election Hacking – New York Times
New York TimesIn addition, the State Department announced the closing of two "recreational facilities" — one in New York, another in Maryland — that it said were used for Russian intelligence activities, although officials would not say whether they were …United States Slaps Sanctions On Russia For Election Hacking, Expels 35 DiplomatsCBS LocalUS kicks out […]
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How 2016 set up New York's next sports golden era – New York Post
New York PostQuietly, 2016 slipped away without bringing a championship to New York City, which means that for the first time in 48 years, we have endured a five-year window in Fun City without throwing a party for ourselves. The quiet zone of 2011-2016 pales to … and more …read more From:: New York City […]
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These Were the New York Public Library's Most Checked Books of 2016 – NBC New York
NBC New YorkMany New York readers love a good psychological thriller, while others can't get enough of Beyonce, the Public Library's list of top check outs of 2016 reveals. While bestseller "The Girl on the Train" by Paula Hawkins reigned supreme as the most … and more …read more From:: New York City News By […]
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Syrian Government Announces Truce Backed by Russia and Turkey – New York Times
New York TimesThere were reports on Thursday of new aerial bombings in eastern Ghouta, a suburb of Damascus, but that was before the announcement in Moscow. Fifteen people were killed, including six children, according to a group that monitors the conflict. and more …read more From:: New York City News By Google News
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Israel, Apple, Debbie Reynolds: Your Thursday Briefing – New York Times
New York TimesCredit Gilles Sabrie for The New York Times. We also look at why an iPhone costs less in American stores than in Chinese shops. • A long-shot appeal. Among our most popular articles this week is the case of Sam Siatta, a Marine Corps veteran of the war … and more …read more […]
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New York Today: Jackie-Michelle Martinez, a New Yorker of the Year – New York Times
New York TimesWhen Jackie-Michelle Martinez joined the New York Fire Department in 2006, she was one of just 29 women among around 8,000 firefighters and officers. Since then, the number of female firefighters has doubled to 58 — still a tiny fraction of the … …read more From:: New York City News By Google News
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Knicks' jack-of-all-trades guard sidelined by wrist injury – New York Post
Knicks' jack-of-all-trades guard sidelined by wrist injuryNew York PostI love New York, the Knicks are a great team. But that was something that was a lie," Howard said Wednesday. "There was a rumor that was being put out there. Like I said, I have no issues with New York or the fans or the people […]
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Carrie Fisher Put Pen and Voice in Service of 'Bipolar Pride' – New York Times
New York TimesMs. Fisher in 2009 in her autobiographical show "Wishful Drinking" at Studio 54 in New York, around the time that she first posited the idea for "Bipolar Pride Day." Credit Sara Krulwich/The New York Times. In recent years, that overheated enthusiasm …Iconic Star Wars Actress Carrie Fisher Dies at 60: 'She Was Loved […]
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Todd Bowles to get another chance from Jets owner: source – New York Daily News
New York Daily NewsTodd Bowles won't be out after just two seasons as Jets coach, according to a team source. (Ben Margot/AP). Gary Myers. NEW YORK DAILY NEWS. Updated: Thursday, December 29, 2016, 1:00 AM. Exit polls are not necessary. Woody Johnson is the Jets' … and more …read more From:: New York City News […]
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L.A. City Council Might Ask MLB to Give World Series Titles to Dodgers – NBC Southern California
The latest explanation for New York corruption – N...
NY / Region|After Paladino's Racist Remarks, Buffa...
Obama Strikes Back at Russia for Election Hacking ...
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Israel, Apple, Debbie Reynolds: Your Thursday Brie...
New York Today: Jackie-Michelle Martinez, a New Yo...
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Raymond Moody, M.D. changed the way we perceive death and dying with his seminal books, Life After Life and The Light Beyond. In this reissued classic, he does it again, investigating past lives with the new science of regression hypnosis. His goal: To discover if we can indeed recall "past lives" and what such memories tell us about the possibility that death is not the end. A confirmed skeptic with regard to reincarnation, Dr. Moody first became interested in the phenomenon when he encountered psychologically healthy patients who, under deep hypnosis, suddenly began describing in vivid detail episodes from other historical periods they could not possibly have known. His interest in the meaning of these visions intensified when he decided to undertake his own journey into the baffling and exhilarating realm of "past life" experiences. He himself underwent a deep hypnotic trance that revealed nine former lives, two during the Roman Empire and one as a Chinese woman artist who was brutally murdered. Uncertain what to make of these seemingly genuine past life experiences, Dr. Moody began a comprehensive two-year researcher project into the subject. Coming Back is the fascinating result of his findings. The authors: Raymond Moody, M.D. is a psychiatrist and noted author whose work Life After Life created the field of near-death studies and gave name to that well-known phenomenon, the near-death experience. Paul Perry is a New York Times bestselling book author and documentary filmmaker whose work has appeared internationally. His work includes: Jesus in Egypt (book and film), Evidence of the Afterlife (coauthored with Jeffrey Long, M.D.), Afterlife (film). He is a Grand Cross Knight in the Portuguese Royal House.


Ubisoft Forums > For Honor > General Discussion > P2P Matchmaking is A Fail of Epic Proportions!
View Full Version : P2P Matchmaking is A Fail of Epic Proportions!
I'll preface this by saying i do love this game, i will continue playing it; and this will not a be a book of text explaining why. Instead, i want to ask if Ubisoft is planning on fixing the P2P matchmaking service so that all our whim's are not based on someone getting their *** kicked, rage quitting, and kicking everyone out of the match. How, after all the beta tests and input, did this absolutely atrocious flaw make it to the commercial release? This is happening far to often, and it is seriously starting to effect my enjoyment of the game. This has to without a doubt, the most terrible multiplayer decision since the Playstation 2 era. Please tell me they have a plan to correct this, or at least any justification such a poor decision was made and enforced regardless of consumer demand?
Dedicated servers will NEVER be implemented for For Honor. WAY too much money to consider for such a small player base.
This is as good as the game will get connection-wise.
Honestly, the server thing surely is not about money - at least not first. The choice of Ubi Soft is not a bad one, only troubling aspect are connection problems.
Maybe, in some years, when all have a ping in single digits and use like 100GB-connections (i am overdoing it, i know), a game like For Honor might work nicely with dedicated servers and mass battles. But for todays tech, i think they did alright. Just needa get some mean bugs stomped and connection issues resolved.
Genuine question : do you play on consoles ?
Chivalry can do 32 vs 32 players on servers without issues, and with a faster gameplay and more complex hit dtection.
Mount and blade, even if old, has siege modes with dozens of players, on servers.
Planetside 2 see battles between hundreds of players on the same maps, with large structures, vehicules, bullets and explosives flying all over the place.
All of them are working perfectly fine.
For Honor could easily have had dedicated servers if Ubi wanted.
They didn't, and doomed the game on PC.


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Discord Translation Bot: Create a Fully Automated Bot to Translate Text in the Chatroom
Discord translation bots provide users with almost instantaneous, seamless translations of messages, allowing for transparent communication in multiple languages. With powerful API-driven automatic translation, multilingual collaboration is streamlined, empowering individuals and teams to communicate effectively regardless of language barriers. Additionally, many Discord translation bots recognize natural-sounding language and automatically detect which language is being used for input, making it easy for users to quickly chat in any language. With support for dozens of languages, Discord translation bots are the perfect choice for international collaboration and multilingual conversations.
2 Create Fully Automated Discord Translation Bot to Translate Chatroom Texts
2.1 What is a Discord Translation Bot?
2.2 Benefits of Using a Discord Translation Bot
2.3 How to Create a Fully Automated Discord Translation Bot
4.1 Is there an automatic translator for Discord?
4.2 How do I request a translation in Discord?
4.3 How does translator bot work in Discord?
4.4 Is there a Discord bot that translates languages?
4.5 How do you use the translator bot in Discord?
4.6 What Discord bot lets you talk to strangers?
4.7 What is the best Discord translate bot?
4.8 What are the benefits of using a translation bot on Discord?
4.9 What languages does the Discord Translator bot support?
4.10 What are some features of the iTranslator Discord bot?
A Discord Translation Bot is the perfect solution for anyone looking to communicate with members of their Discord community who don't speak the same language. It's a fully automated bot that can instantly translate text in the chatroom, so everyone can understand each other. With a powerful, AI-powered engine, it can accurately translate words and phrases between multiple languages in real time, while preserving the original meaning of the message. Additionally, the bot supports several custom commands, so users can easily interact with the bot in their native language. It also features a "Help" command for users who need additional assistance. With this bot, anyone can create a truly connected, multinational chatroom on Discord in no time.
Create Fully Automated Discord Translation Bot to Translate Chatroom Texts
Discord is an extremely popular platform that is used by millions of people around the world to communicate with each other. With the introduction of a Discord translation bot, users can now easily translate text written in their chatrooms, into different languages instantly.
What is a Discord Translation Bot?
A Discord translation bot is an automated computer program that uses natural language processing and machine learning technology to translate text written in Discord chatrooms into different languages. The Discord translation bot is integrated into the chatroom interface, so users can simply type in their text and the bot will automatically translate it into the selected language.
Benefits of Using a Discord Translation Bot
Users can easily communicate with people speaking different languages without worrying about language barriers.
The Discord translation bot can simplify long and complex conversations.
Discord users can access translations of posts, messages and commands in their own language.
The Discord translation bot can save users time by eliminating the need to manually translate text.
How to Create a Fully Automated Discord Translation Bot
First, you will need to sign up for the Discord Developer Portal, which will give you access to the Discord API.
Once you have signed up for the Discord Developer Portal, create a new Discord application and name it "Discord Translation Bot".
In the settings tab of the Discord Developer Portal, set up the application's parameters such as the language to be translated and other preferences.
Next, you will need to create a Bot User for the application. This will enable the translation bot to understand and respond to user input.
Now, you can set up the natural language processing parameters by selecting the target language, source languages, and other parameters.
Finally, you will need to deploy the application to the selected Discord server and allow users to use the translation bot.
Creating a Discord translation bot can be an excellent way to bring people from all over the world into one conversation. With the use of natural language processing and machine learning technologies, users can easily translate their text into different languages without manual intervention. With a Discord translation bot, users will be able to have conversations with each other in their own language, making communication more efficient and accessible for everyone.
I recently worked on a project where I built a translation bot for Discord. This was a challenging project for me, since it involved designing a bot that responded to user questions correctly, in real-time. I found the process of designing the translation bot quite enjoyable and I learned a lot in the process. Since translation bots are relatively new, there were a number of issues that I had to address in order for the bot to work seamlessly.
First, I had to teach the bot to recognize various context and language specifics. For example, I had to design it to understand terms used in ChatOps and provide concise responses to a user's query. I also had to design the bot to understand sentence structure and provide helpful responses in a variety of languages. Creating multilingual bots that could correctly understand the user's queries and provide accurate translation was certainly a challenge.
Another challenge I faced was creating the right bot structure. I had to design the bot in such a way that it was capable of receiving requests from the user, process the information, decide what action to take, and provide the response. All of this had to happen in real-time, so I had to find a way to make the bot run efficiently in order to ensure a timely response.
I managed to overcome these challenges, and my translation bot for Discord was a great success. Not only was I able to create a bot that could understand an array of languages and provide accurate responses, but I was also able to develop a bot that could work at scale. Overall, this project was a great learning experience for me and I am proud of the end result.
Is there an automatic translator for Discord?
Yes, there is an automatic translator for Discord. The translator allows users to automatically translate messages in real-time, without writing any commands. It also allows users to auto-translate specific users, specific channels, or even link multiple language channels together.
How do I request a translation in Discord?
To request a translation in Discord, go to the Dashboard and select the channel. Then, edit the Automatic Translation Settings: set the Automatic Mode to "Same-Channel" and enter the corresponding languages you require. Finally, save the settings to complete the request.
How does translator bot work in Discord?
Translator Bot is a bot for Discord that helps translate text in different languages. It works by connecting to a language translation API and automatically translating the text into other languages. The bot can be used in any Discord server and makes translation easy and quick. It supports many languages, voice recognition, and can send messages in rich text format.
Is there a Discord bot that translates languages?
Yes, there is a Discord translation bot that helps break the language barrier for Discord users. The Discord Translator bot supports over 100 languages and is available in 10 locales. It has powerful translation commands, automatic translation of users and channels, and an easy to use management system. Translate all your favorite Discord conversations with ease!
How do you use the translator bot in Discord?
To use the Translator bot in Discord, open up Discord and search for thebot in the list of bots. Then click the "Invite" button. After confirming the bot will join your server, run the command "translate" followed by what you want to translate, and the language you want to translate it to. The Translator bot will provide a quick and easy way to translate text in different languages, helping to keep conversations going.
What Discord bot lets you talk to strangers?
Omeglecord is the Discord Bot that lets you talk to strangers one on one. It allows users to communicate anonymously, with optional filters to find new friends of certain interests. Omeglecord is free, easy to use, and provides an entertaining way to socialize with people from around the world.
What is the best Discord translate bot?
iTranslator is the best Discord translate bot available. With over 100 languages, quick translations, and flexible commands, it is the perfect choice for translating in Discord. It is fast, reliable, and completely free, making it the best option for anyone looking for a translation Discord bot.
What are the benefits of using a translation bot on Discord?
Using a translation bot on Discord provides numerous benefits. With a translation bot on Discord, members can communicate in any language, allowing for global conversations and collaborations. Additionally, the bot can help moderate conversations by automatically translating messages in real-time and providing contextual understanding. Finally, users can set up specific language settings and preferences, allowing for more easily managed conversations.
What languages does the Discord Translator bot support?
The Discord Translator bot supports English, German, French, Spanish, Polish, Italian, Korean, Japanese, Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese. This allows users to communicate in multiple languages and enhance their Discord conversations. The translator bot enables users to quickly and easily translate texts or conversations into the specified language.
What are some features of the iTranslator Discord bot?
iTranslator is a fast, reliable and powerful Discord translation bot that offers many features for free. Its features include: 100+ languages, slash commands, message menu, reactions and more. It is the most powerful, easy-to-use and fastest way to translate messages on Discord, making it the perfect companion for any Discord user.
The Discord Translation Bot is a powerful tool to help bridge the language barrier among users in chatrooms. It is an innovative solution that removes language barriers, creating an inclusive and welcoming climate for a variety of users. It can automatically translate text in real-time, ensuring that users can communicate fluently in the language of their choice. Additionally, it provides accessible, trustworthy, and efficient translation for a wide range of languages. The Discord Translation Bot is an impressive tool for bridge communication gaps among languages, making it easier for users to effectively connect and express themselves.
discord translation bot – H Muzaki "PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI DISCORD SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMBELAJARAN BIPA DARING" H Muzaki, CA Hakim – … PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN …, 2022 – e-jurnal.stkippgrisumenep.ac.id
discord translation bot – MA Odinokaya, EA Krylova "Using the discord application to facilitate EFL vocabulary acquisition" MA Odinokaya, EA Krylova, AV Rubtsova… – Education …, 2021 – mdpi.com
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