text:
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Extended Nuclear Deterrence – Australia
Government sources
The United States has extended assurances of extended nuclear deterrence to its major allies from the earliest days of the Cold War. At present, the US appears to count some 31 countries – mostly the NATO allies – under its nuclear umbrella. Both Japan and Australia have incorporated explicit statements of reliance on United States extended nuclear deterrence into their formal defence policies. In the Japanese case these public statements reach back at least until the 1970s. In the Australian case, while the assurance has been taken as given more many years, the earliest Australian government official public statement is in the Defence White Paper of 1994. The United States has frequently provided public confirmation of its promise of extended nuclear deterrence to Japan and its European allies. However, there is no known record of comparable public assurance of extended nuclear deterrence to Australia, notwithstanding the assumption that such a promise exists.
Defending Australia: Defence White Paper 1994, Department of Defence, 1994.
The government does not accept nuclear deterrence as a permanent condition. It is an interim measure until a total ban on nuclear weapons, accompanied by substantial verification provisions, can be achieved. In this interim period, although it is hard to envisage the circumstances in which Australia could be threatened by nuclear weapons, we cannot rule out that possibility. We will contrinue to rely in the extended deterrence of the US nuclear capability to deter any nuclear threat or attack on Australia. Consequently, we will continue to support the maintenance by the United States of a nuclear capability adequate to ensure it can deter nuclear threats against allies like Australia.
Australia's Strategic Policy, Department of Defence, 1997
Our alliance with the United States is by any measure our most important strategic relationship. It is a major strategic asset and its preservation and development is among our highest strategic priorities. The alliance is a complex relationship which operates at many levels and in many ways, including annual Ministerial-level consultations.
First, and most fundamentally, it is a bilateral arrangement. That bilateral aspect involves a vast web of day-to-day bilateral cooperation in the maintenance and development of our military capabilities, including intelligence cooperation, access to some of the most advanced military technologies, and intense service-to-service contact through training, exercises and visits. This cooperation provides Australia's forces with technology and information which is fundamental to our defence capability. It will become more important in future as we become even more dependent on exploiting technology – especially information technology – to maximise our capabilities.
Underlying this peacetime cooperation is the formal undertaking to come to one another's aid in a crisis – "would act to meet the common danger" as Article 4 of the ANZUS Treaty puts it. These undertakings do not amount to a guarantee by the United States of Australia's security. Indeed, the Treaty specifically requires each party to attend to its own capabilities. Nor does it amount to a promise to send armed forces in a crisis. But it provides a sound basis for us to plan on the expectation of substantial and vital non-combat support from the United States in a crisis.
Moreover, it makes the commitment of US combat forces to our defence sufficiently likely to figure in the calculations of any would-be aggressor. Nevertheless, we do not assume that such help would be provided. Indeed, such an assumption would be inconsistent with our self-reliant posture and our alliance obligations.
In one specific respect the alliance does provide a clearer expectation of US support – that is, defence against nuclear attack. While the risk of nuclear attack on Australia remains very low, the possibility cannot entirely be ruled out. In those circumstances we would rely on the extended deterrence provided by the United States to deter such an attack.
White Paper: Defence 2000 – Our Future Defence Force, Department of Defence, 2000.
A healthy alliance should not be a relationship of dependency, but of mutual help. In the long run, dependency would weaken the alliance, both in the eyes of Australians and in the eyes of Americans. For that reason, self-reliance will remain an inherent part of our alliance policy. There is one important exception to this principle of self-reliance. Australia relies on the extended deterrence provided by US nuclear forces to deter the remote possibility of any nuclear attack on Australia. (p.36)
Founded In History, Forging Ahead, Department of Defence, 8 September 2006.
There is one important exception to this principle of Australian defence self-reliance, which needs to be mentioned. Australia does rely on the extended deterrence provided by US nuclear forces to deter the remote possibility of any missile-borne nuclear attack on Australia. Although growing cooperation with the United States in missile defence, and the possible development by Australia of significant missile defence capabilities, would afford us a degree of limited protection in the event of a rogue nuclear missile strike, our policy recognises that it is only the extended umbrella of US nuclear forces that can provide us with a comprehensive deterrent protection against anything more substantial in terms of nuclear missile strike. (p.7)
Defending Australia in the Asia-Pacific Century: Force 2020. Defence White Paper 2009, Department of Defence, 2009.
4.16 Balancing the capabilities required for unconventional operations such as counter-insurgency and stabilisation, while retaining strong high-technology conventional forces, will be a major challenge for US defence planners, and the United States will continue to seek further deepening of its strategic relationships with capable potential coalition partners, such as Australia. Within the timeframe of this White Paper, the United States will continue to rely on its nuclear deterrence capability to underpin US strategic power, deter attack or coercion by other nuclear powers, and sustain allied confidence in US security commitments by way of extended deterrence.
4.59 It is the Government's judgement that stable nuclear deterrence will continue to be a feature of the international system for the foreseeable future, and in this context extended deterrence will continue to be viable. The challenge will be to deter rogue states of concern, some of which may develop a level of capability in terms of long-range ballistic missiles, coupled potentially with WMD warheads. Iran and North Korea, and possibly others in the future, will continue to pursue long-range ballistic missile programs that could pose a direct, though remote, risk to our own security.
6.33 What the alliance means for our direct security is that the associated capability, intelligence and technological partnership, at the core of the alliance, is available to support our strategic capability advantage in our immediate neighbourhood and beyond. This is indispensable to our security.
6.34 It also means that, for so long as nuclear weapons exist, we are able to rely on the nuclear forces of the United States to deter nuclear attack on Australia. Australian defence policy under successive governments has acknowledged the value to Australia of the protection afforded by extended nuclear deterrence under the US alliance. That protection provides a stable and reliable sense of assurance and has over the years removed the need for Australia to consider more significant and expensive defence options.
8.45 It is conceivable that, over the long period covered by this White Paper, we might have to contend with major power adversaries operating in our approaches – in the most drastic circumstance, as a consequence of a wider conflict in the Asia-Pacific region. In such a circumstance, it is not a current defence planning assumption that Australia would be involved in such a conflict on its own. But we do assume that, except in the case of nuclear attack, Australia has to provide for its own local defence needs without relying on the combat forces of other countries.
11.10 For almost 50 years, through the joint defence facilities, Australia has made a significant contribution to US national security by hosting or supporting some of the United States' most sensitive and critical strategic capabilities. These include systems related to intelligence collection, ballistic missile early warning, submarine communications, and satellite-based communications.
11.11 Australia's geography, stable democratic system, developed economy and technical expertise, combined with our close alliance with the United States, will continue to underpin the enduring value of the joint defence facilities. The contributions of these facilities to global US capabilities both strengthen the alliance and greatly enhance our own capabilities.
11.12 The Joint Defence Facility at Pine Gap near Alice Springs continues to be the pre-eminent example of this strategic cooperation. The capabilities at Pine Gap will evolve to meet new demands and take advantage of new technologies, and the facility will remain a central element of Australia's security and of our relationship with the United States. It will continue to contribute to the intelligence collection capabilities of both countries, support monitoring of compliance with arms control and disarmament agreements, and underpin global strategic stability by providing ballistic missile early warning information to the United States. The activities conducted at Pine Gap will continue to be undertaken on the basis of our full knowledge and concurrence, and with direct capability benefits for Australia. Any future proposal for hosting similar facilities will have to meet the same standards.
Australia and the United States: The Indispensable Alliance, Joel Fitzgibbon MP, Minister for Defence, Remarks To The National Security Leaders Forum, Center for a New American Security, MIN54/0910 April 2009.
We recognise, too, the important role played by US extended nuclear deterrence in countering the ambitions of proliferators and states of concern. Australia benefits from this as an alliance partner but we also make a direct contribution through the hosting of joint facilities at Pine Gap, and a number of other joint activities hosted on Australian soil. The joint facilities at Pine Gap provide ballistic missile early warning information and support the monitoring of compliance with arms control and disarmament regimes. They are an indispensable part of the United States' nuclear deterrence posture.
Rethinking extended nuclear deterrence in the defence of Australia, Austral Special Report 09-07S, 10 December 2009; co-published in Asia-Pacific Journal/Japan Focus, 3269.
Disarmament: words don't match actions, Daniel Flitton, The Age, September 4, 2009
ANU strategic affairs specialist Robert Ayson captures the problem neatly: "Does Australia really want the sort of deep nuclear disarmament which would remove America's ability to extend deterrence to Australia, and to others, including a nervous Japan?" A perverse consequence could be raising the prospect that Japan would want to develop its own nuclear deterrent. Ayson poses an even more tantalising question: "If the Rudd Government is strongly committed to a nuclear-free world, would it consider announcing that in the interests of nuclear disarmament it no longer wished to be covered by American deterrence?" After all, [Foreign Minister Stephen] Smith made the obvious point during his lecture that no country is currently seeking to coerce Australia with its military power, either nuclear or conventional. So, why keep the deterrent? Perhaps having an ally such as Australia step out from the umbrella is the type of bold step needed for a nuclear-free world.
It's time to get serious about ridding the world of nuclear weapons, Malcolm Fraser, Gustav Nossal, Barry Jones, Peter Gration, John Sanderson and Tilman Ruff, Sydney Morning Herald, 8 April 2009.
Australia should prepare for a world free of nuclear weapons by "walking the talk". We should reduce the role of nuclear weapons in our security policies, as we call on nuclear weapon states to do. The international safeguards on which we depend to ensure our uranium does not contribute to proliferation need substantial strengthening and universal application. Our reliance on the "extended nuclear deterrence" provided by the US should be reviewed so that Australian facilities and personnel could not contribute to the possible use of nuclear weapons.
Whither the San Francisco alliance system? Kim Beazley, Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 325-338, July 2003
In the 1980s ANZUS was incorporated within an evolving Australian national strategy of self-reliance. Two decades of struggle to get the United States to clarify its extended deterrence guarantee to Australia was replaced with the cheerful Australian assumption that no enemy of Australia's could not guarantee the United States would not aid its Antipodean ally, and that would do. Confidence in the intelligence connection and the quality of equipment the United States relationship supplied, guaranteed the success of Australia's defence in any conceivable circumstances without further alliance involvement. (p.329)
Kim Beazley, presentation to Seminar on the ANZUS alliance, Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Parliament of Australia, 11 August 1997.
We also accepted for ourselves that an element of the nuclear umbrella was inevitable in the United States relationship. We did not conduct nuclear exercises with the United States, that is true, but since Gough Whitlam's day one of the arguments in favour of the US alliance was that it avoided a discussion in Australia of an independent nuclear deterrent. You might say to that, `Well, no big deal,' but recollect that we were acquiring F111s with nuclear triggers, we were going to develop a nuclear facility at Jervis Bay and we were refusing to sign the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. Back then, in the late 1960s, when essentially Labor Party policy on the American alliance was firmed up under Gough Whitlam, it was quite a relevant argument for Gough Whitlam to say, `No, we oppose the government going down that road. We would not go down that road itself but, Labor Party, watch this. If you decide that you are going to go armed, you will have to go armed and neutral, and armed and neutral ultimately will mean a nuclear weapon.' These were things that were still resonated in the way in which we devised policy.
Secondly, we accepted that the joint facilities were probably targets, but we accepted the risk of that for what we saw as the benefits of global stability. We did not believe that port visits and exercises posed any such risks. On the one hand, we found ourselves dealing with genuine nuclear risk. The New Zealanders had no nuclear risk. That was another source of annoyance for us. Thirdly, we had a very difficult agenda of our own with the Americans, as I have already outlined. With the exception of the desire to be more frank about the purposes of the facilities, none of that was driven by a concern that the government was under any pressure from peace groups or opponents of the alliance within Australia.
Basically, the Americans were not worried about the New Zealanders. They were worried about us and they were particularly worried about the Japanese, because the Americans regarded themselves as doing serious business with us and with the Japanese. At the time they were also bracing the Europeans on cruise missiles and, in any case, there was that world view that America was making a sea change shift to a different view of deterrence. So they were focused elsewhere, but suddenly this problem emerged which might create problems for them elsewhere. I think they considered–this is not necessarily based on intimate knowledge but a guess–that if they were to accept what the New Zealanders did it would make it impossible for us and for their Japanese friends to argue, inside our two domestic policies, that there would not be a similar absence of penalty from withdrawing ship visit opportunities ourselves. But the mere cut-off of military relationships with New Zealand was enough to send a signal into our two systems that this would be an unwise course to follow.
Paul Dibb, presentation to Seminar on the ANZUS alliance, Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Parliament of Australia, 11 August 1997.
The final point I would make is that ANZUS has both a deterrent role, including an extended nuclear deterrent role, and it has tangible–if you like, real to measure–military and intelligence benefits that are a force multiplier for the ADF in a changing strategic balance. Although I do not think that multilateralism is the answer, let me make it clear in my final words that certainly we need to work on multilateralism, but in that process let us not go to some cloud-cuckoo-land that pretends that the defence of Australia and the alliance with the United States can be replaced.
Australia and Nuclear Policy, Desmond Ball, in Desmond Ball (ed.), Strategy and Defence: Australian Essays, George Allen and Unwin, 1982, pp. 320-343.
Conventional deterrence in the Australian strategic context, Michael Evans, Land Warfare Studies Centre, 1999.
Ballistic Missile Defence for Australia: Policies, Requirements and Options, Stephan Frühling, Canberra Paper, no. 151 (Canberra: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, 2003).
Australia, Rod Lyon, in Muthiah Alagappa (ed.), The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, Stanford U.P. 2008.
AEGIS TMD: Implications for Australia, Richard McMillan. Australian Defence College Monograph Series, No. 1., 2003.
The ANZUS Crisis, Nuclear Visiting and Deterrence, Michael Pugh, Cambridge UP.
Extended nuclear deterrence – Republic of Korea
Extended nuclear deterrence – Japan
Extended nuclear deterrence – contemporary theory and policy
Australian nuclear proliferation – contemporary
Nuclear developments and Australia-Indonesia security
Extended Nuclear Deterrence
Related Nautilus Publications
View this online at: https://nautilus.org/projects/by-name/a-j-disarm/aust-japan-coop/extended-nuclear-deterrence-contemporary-theory-and-policy/extended-nuclear-deterrence-australia/


text:
package config

import (
	"fmt"
	"strings"

	"github.com/antham/envh"
)

// customAPIValidators defines validators called when last key of a key chain matches
// a key defined in map
var customAPIValidators = map[string]func(*envh.EnvTree, []string) error{
	"URL": validateURL,
}

// codebeat:disable[TOO_MANY_IVARS]

type apiDecoratorConfig struct {
	extractorKey          string
	extractorDestKeyValue string
	decoratorKey          string
	keysRef               *map[string]struct {
		DESTKEY string
		FIELD   string
	}
	mandatoryParamsRefs   []ref
	featureRefs           []*bool
	customValidationFuncs []func() error
	customSetterFuncs     []func(*CHYLE)
}

// codebeat:enable[TOO_MANY_IVARS]

// apiDecoratorConfigurator is a generic api
// decorator configurator
type apiDecoratorConfigurator struct {
	config *envh.EnvTree
	apiDecoratorConfig
}

func (a *apiDecoratorConfigurator) process(config *CHYLE) (bool, error) {
	if a.isDisabled() {
		return true, nil
	}

	for _, featureRef := range a.featureRefs {
		*featureRef = true
	}

	if err := a.validate(); err != nil {
		return true, err
	}

	a.set(config)

	return true, nil
}

func (a *apiDecoratorConfigurator) isDisabled() bool {
	return featureDisabled(a.config, [][]string{
		{"CHYLE", "DECORATORS", a.decoratorKey},
		{"CHYLE", "EXTRACTORS", a.extractorKey},
	})
}

func (a *apiDecoratorConfigurator) validate() error {
	for _, f := range append([]func() error{
		a.validateMandatoryParameters,
		a.validateKeys,
		a.validateExtractor,
	}, a.customValidationFuncs...) {
		if err := f(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (a *apiDecoratorConfigurator) set(config *CHYLE) {
	for _, f := range append([]func(*CHYLE){
		a.setKeys,
		a.setMandatoryParameters,
	}, a.customSetterFuncs...) {
		f(config)
	}
}

// validateExtractor checks if an extractor is defined to get
// data needed to contact remote api
func (a *apiDecoratorConfigurator) validateExtractor() error {
	if err := validateEnvironmentVariablesDefinition(
		a.config,
		[][]string{
			{"CHYLE", "EXTRACTORS", a.extractorKey, "ORIGKEY"},
			{"CHYLE", "EXTRACTORS", a.extractorKey, "DESTKEY"},
			{"CHYLE", "EXTRACTORS", a.extractorKey, "REG"},
		},
	); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if err := validateStringValue(a.extractorDestKeyValue, a.config, []string{"CHYLE", "EXTRACTORS", a.extractorKey, "DESTKEY"}); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (a *apiDecoratorConfigurator) validateMandatoryParameters() error {
	keyChains := [][]string{}

	for _, ref := range a.mandatoryParamsRefs {
		keyChains = append(keyChains, ref.keyChain)
	}

	if err := validateEnvironmentVariablesDefinition(a.config, keyChains); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return a.applyCustomValidators(&keyChains)
}

// applyCustomValidators applies validators defined in map customAPIValidators
func (a *apiDecoratorConfigurator) applyCustomValidators(keyChains *[][]string) error {
	for _, keyChain := range *keyChains {
		f, ok := customAPIValidators[keyChain[len(keyChain)-1]]

		if !ok {
			continue
		}

		if err := f(a.config, keyChain); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// validateKeys checks key mapping between fields extracted from api and fields added to final struct
func (a *apiDecoratorConfigurator) validateKeys() error {
	keys, err := a.config.FindChildrenKeys("CHYLE", "DECORATORS", a.decoratorKey, "KEYS")

	if err != nil {
		return EnvValidationError{fmt.Sprintf(`define at least one environment variable couple "CHYLE_DECORATORS_%s_KEYS_*_DESTKEY" and "CHYLE_DECORATORS_%s_KEYS_*_FIELD", replace "*" with your own naming`, a.decoratorKey, a.decoratorKey), strings.Join([]string{"CHYLE", "DECORATORS", a.decoratorKey, "KEYS"}, "_")}
	}

	for _, key := range keys {
		if err := validateEnvironmentVariablesDefinition(a.config, [][]string{{"CHYLE", "DECORATORS", a.decoratorKey, "KEYS", key, "DESTKEY"}, {"CHYLE", "DECORATORS", a.decoratorKey, "KEYS", key, "FIELD"}}); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (a *apiDecoratorConfigurator) setMandatoryParameters(config *CHYLE) {
	for _, c := range a.mandatoryParamsRefs {
		*(c.ref) = a.config.FindStringUnsecured(c.keyChain...)
	}
}

func (a *apiDecoratorConfigurator) setKeys(config *CHYLE) {
	ref := a.keysRef
	*ref = map[string]struct {
		DESTKEY string
		FIELD   string
	}{}

	for _, key := range a.config.FindChildrenKeysUnsecured("CHYLE", "DECORATORS", a.decoratorKey, "KEYS") {
		(*ref)[key] = struct {
			DESTKEY string
			FIELD   string
		}{
			a.config.FindStringUnsecured("CHYLE", "DECORATORS", a.decoratorKey, "KEYS", key, "DESTKEY"),
			a.config.FindStringUnsecured("CHYLE", "DECORATORS", a.decoratorKey, "KEYS", key, "FIELD"),
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You may very well believe that Widener, Arkansas is precisely the same as any other settlement in the United States of America, but there are phantoms in this settlement, and they come into view in the night time. Phantoms are so standard here; lots of people who live here don't even think about it any longer. Some people who live here argue these reports are lies, but the ghosts of Widener are out tonight looking for a person to scare.


text:
Rebutting Vice President Biden's Convention Speech
By Elizabeth MacDonaldFOXBusiness
Vice President Joe Biden gave a speech at the Democratic National Convention that made numerous contentious points:
On the Auto Bailout: "The president knew if he didn't act, there wouldn't be any [auto] industry to save."
Rebuttal: The fight was over the best way to restructure the auto industry so as to make it come back stronger, without government help — not to wipe it out entirely. GM has historically destroyed net shareholder capital since the '80s, and even lost $10.6 billion at the height of the bubble in 2005. The problem? Too many cars made that consumers didn't want to buy.
On the Auto Bailout: "Conviction. Resolve. Barack Obama. That's what saved the automobile industry."
Rebuttal: And lots of taxpayer money, $80 billion to start. GM still owes U.S. taxpayers $27 billion, and taxpayers still own just under a third of GM, or 500 million shares, which remain underwater. The stock must trade at around $53 a share for taxpayers to breakeven; they currently trade at around $21. This past August, the Treasury Dept. revised higher the cost of the auto bailout by $3.4 billion, up from the prior estimate of $21.7 billion, an old estimate that had also been revised higher over the past year. GM continues to struggle, as the White House has pressured it to manufacture fuel efficient Chevy Volts, a line of cars GM has pulled the plug on.
Not mentioned in the Vice President's speech, either, was the Administration's pressure to pull the plug on car dealerships. The Obama Administration pressured GM and Chrysler to halt relations with about 2,200 dealers — each one with roughly 50 employees. That equals to about 110,000 jobs lost. An "auto team" backed by the White House and working at the Treasury Dept. analyzed the car dealer issue, and concluded that cutting them would increase competition, earnings and help the industry recover, according to a TARP inspector general report at the time. TARP watchdog Neil Barofsky criticized the move: "It is clear that tens of thousands of dealership jobs were immediately put in jeopardy as a result of the terminations by GM and Chrysler. Treasury should have taken special care given that the Auto Team's determination had the potential to contribute to job losses."
On the GOP's Plan for Medicare: "What they didn't tell you is what they're proposing would cause Medicare to go bankrupt by 2016. And what they really didn't tell you is, they're not for preserving Medicare. They're for a whole new plan. They're for Vouchercare."
Rebuttal: Not mentioned here is the new health-reform law has roughly 165 provisions hitting Medicare that seek to reduce costs, among other things, a government trustee report says. The annual report in August 2010 from the Medicare Board of Trustees shows health reform's dramatic $1.05 trillion in cuts in Medicare over the first decade. As for the GOP plan, if the Vice President is talking about the Ryan plan, it does not get rid of Medicare. Under this plan, people now and in the future can choose to stay in it. Ryan does propose new Medicare enrollees age 65 would get to pick between private insurance plans offered in a new Medicare exchange in 2023, where Medicare would compete with private insurers for their business.
The insurance must cover a base level of benefits, must cover pre-existing conditions, can't charge higher rates based on health condition or age, plus it must offer a minimum threshold of coverage. The federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services would regulate the plans.
The federal government would pick up the tab for premium support, and pay that subsidy directly to the insurer of their choice, with seniors paying the difference. If the plan is cheaper than Medicare, seniors get a rebate check.
And the more ill or poor the Medicare enrollee is, the more government insurance support they get in the Ryan plan.
On America's Debt: "Not once, not once, did they [the GOP] tell you they've rejected every plan put forward by us, by the bipartisan Simpson-Bowles Commission — by other respected outside groups — to reduce our national debt if it contained even one dollar — one cent — in new taxes for millionaires."
Rebuttal: No mention of the $16 trillion federal deficit. Remember, the president added about $5 trillion in new spending to the federal budget since taking office, equivalent to adding the GDP of Germany and South Korea combined. That money went towards spending $825 billion on the president's stimulus, Wall Street bailouts, automaker bailouts, housing bailouts, green energy bailouts, cash for clunkers, cash for white ware, cash for window sealers. And still, the country has lost an estimated net 316,000 jobs. The White House needs to raise taxes to pay interest on that debt — yields on all the bonds the Treasury Dept. sold.
And there was no mention that the White House's tax hikes on the upper bracket would slam small businesses, which created 65% of the net new jobs in this country over the past 17 years, and employ about half of all workers, says the Small Business Administration.
The president's tax hikes would hit these businesses very hard. According to the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT), nearly 750,000 taxpayers who report small business income would see half their earnings hit with higher taxes. The JCT says that "50% of the approximately $1 trillion of aggregate net positive business income will be reported on returns that have a marginal rate of 36 or 39.6%."
On Mitt Romney's new "territorial tax": "He has a new tax proposal -- the territorial tax -- that experts say will create 800,000 jobs, all of them overseas."
Rebuttal: Simpson Bowles supports Romney's idea. And so do U.S. companies, which have said they could create more jobs if their foreign profits weren't taxed twice, as they are now. Reforming the tax code here could help companies bring home more than $1.2 trillion they now have parked overseas due to concerns over double taxation. Under U.S. tax law, companies that earn profits overseas get taxed twice. They must pay taxes to foreign governments. Then they get tax credits for those payments to offset their taxes owed -- at a high 35% corporate tax rate. So companies don't repatriate overseas cash back home because they get double taxed. Romney wants to stop that, to bring cash back home to create jobs. Under this plan, companies would get taxed once--only in the country where it was earned.
On Americans doing their fair share: "We see a future where everyone rich or poor does their part and has a part."
Rebuttal: Unusual, as 47% of Americans don't pay federal income taxes.
On developing America's energy: "A future where we depend more on clean energy from home and less on oil from abroad."
Rebuttal: Among other things, President Obama has effectively shut off 85% of America's offshore areas to new energy production. Plus the Administration has delayed approval of the Keystone XL pipeline, which would create new jobs while bringing an estimated 700,000 barrels a day of Canadian oil to U.S. consumers. China is now moving to cut deals with Canada to purchase its oil.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Muddy Waters (10)
Big Bill Broonzy (4)
Charley Patton (4)
Sonny Boy Williamson (3)
W.C. Handy (3)
Jimmy Reed (3)
King Oliver (2)
Jelly Roll Morton (2)
Sidney Bechet (2)
Lonnie Johnson (2)
Arthur 'Big Boy' Crudup (2)
Kid Ory (1)
Blind Willie McTell (1)
Bix Beiderbecke (1)
Fats Domino (1)
Albert Ammons (1)
Gene Autry (1)
Scott Joplin (1)
Blind Lemon Jefferson (1)
Liz Phair (1)
Louis Prima (1)
Lightnin' Hopkins (1)
Earl Hines (1)
Mamie Smith (1)
Gertrude Ma Rainey (1)
Delta Blues (5)
R&B (Rhythm And Blues) (3)
Skiffle (2)
Boogie Woogie (2)
Country And Western Music (1)
Chicago Jazz (1)
Classic Blues (1)
Avant-Garde Music (1)
Alternative Country (1)
Tin Pan Alley (1)
Traditional (Dixieland) Jazz (1)
Swamp Blues (1)
Psychedelic Rock (1)
British Blues (1)
Blues in Europe (1)
British invasion (1)
Beat Music (1)
American Midwest (4)
Social Phenomena (7)
Performers and Performing (5)
Record Labels/Companies (5)
Music Journalism (2)
Performance Techniques (2)
Music Scholarship (2)
Amplification (1)
Sort By: Relevance Title Ascending Title Descending Date Ascending Date Descending 1-10 of 10 (1 page)
Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume VIII : Genres: North America
The Continuum International, 2012
...Between 1910 and 1930 Chicago's African-American population increased from 44 thousand to 234 thousand, largely through migration from the South (Rowe 1973). On the South Side, and in enclaves on the West Side, the newly...
Paul Oliver
Paul Oliver is a Fellow of Oxford Brookes University. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.
Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume IV : Locations: North America
...Paradoxically, it would seem, the delta of the Mississippi is not the Mississippi Delta. The southern tip of the northwestern region known as the Delta lies some 200 miles (322 km) south of Memphis, Tennessee and a similar...
Chicago, IL: South Side
...Although the first known person to live on the lakeshore site that was to become Chicago was an African-American ferry operator, the black population of the city as it grew was a small proportion of the total. Founded around 1830, it had...
...Located in the northern part of the state of Mississippi, the Delta is not the true river delta but an area covering 20 counties defined by the meeting of the Yazoo and Mississippi rivers. The term ' Delta blues' refers to the blues...
Blues in Europe
David Horn was a founding editor of the journal Popular Music and a founding member of IASPM (The International Association for the Study of Popular Music). He was Director of the Institute of Popular Music at the University of Liverpool from 1988 until his retirement in 2002. Together with the blues scholar Paul Oliver he first proposed the idea of EPMOW in the 1980s, and has worked on the project since that time. Author affiliation details are correct at time of print publication.
Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume XI : Genres: Europe
...When compared to the impact of jazz on Europe, that of its contemporary, the blues, is undoubtedly more minor. Fewer European musicians adopted and adapted the genre, and the blues in Europe did not develop its own diversity of distinctive...
Lawrence Davies
...British blues refers to the performance of the African-American genre 'the blues' in Britain. The blues is a three-phrase, twelve-bar form based on the functional chords I, IV and V. It is predominantly a sung form, although instrumental...
...The valley of the Mississippi River stretches from the Gulf of Mexico northward to the river's source in Minnesota and includes portions of ten states. Most of the valley is bordered by fertile farmland, including a broad floodplain...
Robert Pruter
...Population: city – 2,896,016 (2000); metropolitan area – 7,261,176 (2000) Chicago is the third most populous city in the United States. Located on the shores of the southern tip of Lake Michigan, it is the nucleus...
...Blues is an African-American musical genre which arose in the southern United States around the beginning of the twentieth century. With ragtime, jazz and gospel music it was part of a rich growth in African-American musical...


Bingo Halloween is a Spooky Smash!
This isn't your everyday, ordinary bingo - this is Bingo Halloween! There are no cute prizes here, just cobwebs and creepy bats. The game takes place in front of a haunted mansion on a dark Halloween night. It's a one-on-one contest of casino-style bingo action. You and the CPU each have a card. Spin the wheel to determine the next number, and park a pumpkin on each spot. Whoever matches five gets a point, and the first to three points wins!


Willian on the move this summer?
Brazil international Willian is seemingly prepared to leave Chelsea in the summer unless the club are willing to offer him with a four-year contract.
The attacker's current deal expires at the end of next season and so far, there has been no progress in terms of committing him to an extension beyond that period.
According to Evening Standard, Willian is likely to pursue a fresh challenge away from the west London club in the summer unless they are willing to match his contract demands.
The Brazilian is said to want at least a four-year deal with a decent wage hike but that appears far from happening with the club holding the strict policy of offering one-year extensions to players aged above 30.
Willian has been the subject of interest from both Paris Saint-Germain and Barcelona of late but he has previously indicated that he is content plying his trade for the Blues.


Well, the day had finally come – the day we all long for, wish for, can't wait for – I RETIRED! I finally left the company I had worked for after 38 years. Now what? Suddenly the world seemed a scary place and I felt out of my comfort zone. All the plans I had before I retired disappeared from my mind – a total blank. Panic. This won't do, so I sat down and thought-what do I like to do. My first thought was – visit art galleries and museums. I love going to London to explore the galleries there, but visiting London every week was just not an option. I remembered Manchester Art Gallery – I hadn't been there since I was at college in the 1970s. I had a quick look on the website and took myself off to Manchester on a warm, sunny day in May 2014. My mission was to find the Canaletto's – my favourite artist. I can look at his paintings and see something different every time – seeing them fills me with a feeling of well-being. So, I now had a plan! I walked into the formidable entrance and immediately fell in love with what I saw. I wandered around and loved the way the gallery flowed – it was wonderful. The atmosphere, the friendliness. I was hooked. I came home – feeling more positive and motivated (yes, I did see the Canaletto's).
I planned to go back and looked at the website more closely for more information. I noticed an article saying if anyone was interested in volunteering , to get in touch. I immediately did. A couple of months later I received an email asking if anyone was interested in manning a kiosk for Friends to join the gallery. I signed up for this. I was called in for a chat and met Katie and Meg who made me feel very welcome. I met a few other volunteers who had also signed up. The morning training session was friendly and chatty, yet informative and helpful. I spent the next 5 months manning the kiosk. We would give as much or as little time as we wanted – no pressure at all. I established a weekly routine – come to the gallery, had morning coffee and cake in the lovely cafe – do my stint on the kiosk for 2 or 3 hours – have lunch in the cafe and then go home. I met some lovely visitors – chatting to them, giving them advice. Found out some interesting facts about artworks or other galleries. Each week was enjoyable and in many ways rewarding.
Sadly, this ended and I stopped coming. Plenty of volunteering opportunities came up though, then one day an opportunity came up for an archivist. Although not trained, I had spent the last years of my working life as the company archivist. I applied, came for an 'interview' with Hannah, a really friendly curator, got the position and haven't looked back since.
The archive is tucked away in the basement of the gallery – but it's become my haven. A small group of us are just listing what is in there to begin with, but there are treasures to be unearthed. I have come across artists I have never heard of. I am discovering the wealth of artistic talent Manchester had. Many weeks, I leave the archive with names of other Manchester artists to research – Emmanuel Levy, Mid-Day Societies. The research I do is not for the benefit of the gallery – it's for my own benefit. I am fascinated to find out more and feel I am learning all the time.
Personally, I found becoming a volunteer, a most pleasant experience. It is fun, informative and rewarding. I feel a sense of pride to be part of the gallery – giving something back.
Visiting the gallery gave me the motivation to move on from work – and definitely gives me something to look forward to each week.
There are 'perks' to be had too. You get invited to attend tours, exhibitions, training sessions and social events. A chance to mingle with other like-minded volunteers and staff.
I actually look forward to a future in volunteering at Manchester Art Gallery – in whatever role comes along.
P.S The Canaletto's are currently not in the gallery, out on loan I believe, so now I get to focus on other beautiful paintings instead – widening my horizons.
If you're interested in becoming a volunteer visit our website and fill in the form. We'll get into touch when the next opportunity comes up.


Socially, we're told, "Go work out. Go look good." That's a multi-player competitive game. Other people can see if I'm doing a good job or not. We're told, "Go make money. Go buy a big house." Again, external monkey-player competitive game. When it comes to learn to be happy, train yourself to be happy, completely internal, no external progress, no external validation, 100% you're competing against yourself, single-player game.
We are such social creatures, we're more like bees or ants, that we're externally programmed and driven, that we just don't know how to play and win at these single-player games anymore. We compete purely on multi-player games.
The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that in glory and in triumph they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of the dot on scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner of the dot. How frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds.
You and I are standing this very second at the meeting place of two eternities: the vast past that has endured forever, and the future that is plunging on to the last syllable of recorded time. We can't possibly live on either of those eternities – no, not even for one split second. But, by trying to do so, we can wreck both our bodies and our minds. So let's be content to live the only time we can possibly live: from now until bedtime.
According to Buddhism, the root of suffering is neither the feeling of pain nor of sadness nor even of meaninglessness. Rather, the real root of suffering is this never-ending and pointless pursuit of ephemeral feelings, which causes us to be in a constant state of tension, restlessness and dissatisfaction. Due to this pursuit, the mind is never satisfied. Even when experiencing pleasure, it is not content, because it fears this feeling might soon disappear, and craves that this feeling should stay and intensify.
"I'll teach you a trick," he says. "I'll teach you an incantation that will protect against despair. If things are dark, and I'm not around to help, you can repeat it a few times and it'll help.
Please share in the comments section of this post (no investing stuff please, and no quotes, but only passages on life and living, with name/link to the original source).
Very true sir & thank you for sharing things I am following your way of thinking . I m appreciate you sir .
True sir & thank you sir for sharing the such beautiful articles .
My life has changed when I read book called 'the Secret ' by Rhonda Byrne.
I even read ' the power of your subconscious mind' which has also helped me in changing my mindset.
It just connected by the very first line "Whenever I feel uninspired.." and I was in to explore the push I could give to myself and feel good. And, it was done.
Thank you for putting together the nice pieces.
thanks for your mail and content and information that you have shared within mail.
I loved to read this mail and will read it again after some days as in this mail i will find something new always whenever i will read this mail.
Coming to the subject at hand, it is astounding that not even one thought from our ancient tradition matters and the only two Indian names among the rest of West! Has nothing in Geeta or Upanishads, or Panchatantra, or even Rabindranath Tagor, or Mahatma Gandhi shaped you at all?
As Tagor Sahab called as Gurudev, Father of Intellect did not get the space in this wisdom series.
In fact, the two Indians- Naval Ravikant and Eknath Easwaran, are Indian born but have spent considerable time in the US. But then how does the nationality of a person even matter when it comes to shaping an individual's life? The message is important than the person. Also, not all are from the West. some are from Asia which is East and a few are from the middle east which the west definitely considers are east.
It may very well be possible that all the above names mentioned may have been inspired by the eastern philosophy. Like Steve Jobs was deeply into Zen Buddhism, Albert Einstien had a huge admiration for Mahatma Gandhi. Eknath Ji had translated Geeta, Upanishads, Yuval talks about the power of meditation and it can continue.
We have a tendency of attaching too much of importance to a person whereas all that these greats persons preach are a reflection of all the experiences that they must have had. It would serve us all better if we appreciate the message more.
Vishal Sir, thank you so much for sharing this beautiful article. There's so much to learn from all of it. For a 23-year-old, its a bit difficult to appreciate all at this juncture of my life but I am sure with more experince in life all of these will come back as an opportunity to reflect.
Thanks for bringing all the wisdom in one place. Very insightful and humbling as well.
LIFE IS ALL ABOUT KNOWING,IMPLEMENTING, HAVING UTMOST FAITH IN GOD & NEVER GIVING UP.
Amazing collection Vishal… It somehow feel awkward to collect what is yours… but it is a treasure. Thx for this inspiring piece.
1)I want to live like my father,who doesn't care about external factor like going to job in urbanized city where we didn't get good food,pure air etc,and he was an farmer and he knows only that occupation, he lived like a butterfly by working daily in his land.
2)until 2013, I was very happy, the way i live in my village,i didn't get access to mobile phone,never know about FB,INSTA,TW, But i lead a peaceful life and never i got irritated.
3)After graduating in Multiplayer Society,like other,I went to work in a company and i lose my mind,i didn't know whether i was working for me or others and i was fully controlled by external factor like repaying my education loan, father medical expenses.
5) I am working on my plan then i started reading books.
FOLLOW YOUR DREAMS AND HAVE A SIMPLE LIFE .
HELP OTHERS,LIFE IS TOO SHORT SO CONNECT WITH PEOPLE AS MUCH AS YOU CAN.
I am a regular reader of your posts and have found it to be immensely helpful. Thank you for taking the time to share your learnings to a larger group. I had written an article on the purpose of life and here is the link.
Wow truly amazing and thoughtful. I feel we bring so much suffering on us without proper understanding of life! It would be good if we are thought how to deal with life in school along with academics.


text:
Q: How to split given array and get value from array using php Split below array and get values like
Category
Brand
Subcategory
Packaging
Packing
Array
 (
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => stdClass Object
                (
                    [col_ref_name] => Category
                )

        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => stdClass Object
                (
                    [col_ref_name] => Brand
                )

        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => stdClass Object
                (
                    [col_ref_name] => Subcategory
                )

        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [0] => stdClass Object
                (
                    [col_ref_name] => Packaging
                )

        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [0] => stdClass Object
                (
                    [col_ref_name] => Packing
                )

        )
)

A: use a code like below :
foreach($yourArray as $array)
{

     echo $array[0]-> col_ref_name . "<br>";
}

Your array has objects in the sub array and col_ref_name is the property of that objects, so i used a foreach loop to go through all elements of the array (which are objects) and then access the data in the col_ref_name.
I hope this will help.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Aesthetic Theory: Essential Texts is an anthology of the most important texts written on aesthetics and beauty since Plato till nowadays.

It is edited by the theorist Mark Foster Gage who is tenured associate professor at the Yale University. The book is made up of twenty chapters each about an influential figure in the field of aesthetics. Also, the editor himself has added some descriptions before each chapter, summarizing how each figure`s thought could be relater to contemporary thinking.

Summary
Covering the history of aesthetic philosophy since the ancient Greek up to 21st century, the twenty chapters includes texts from thinkers as diverse as Plato, Aristotle, Vitruvius, Alberti, Kant, Edmund Burke, Konrad Fiedler, Nietzsche, Oscar Wilde, Henri Bergson, Clive Bell, Geoffrey Scott , Walter Benjamin, Georges Bataille, Susan Sontag, Frederic Jameson, Elaine Scarry , Alexander Nehamas, Nick Zangwill, and David Freedberg & Vittorio Gallese.

The selection mostly focuses on the issue of the form in visual arts and tries to question the prevailing practice of only qualifying our work based on concepts and in abstract terms.

In the preface of the book we read:

References

2011 non-fiction books
English non-fiction books
Books in art

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package shell

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os/exec"
	"strings"
	"syscall"

	"github.com/opentable/sous/util/whitespace"
)

type (
	// Command is a wrapper around an exec.Cmd
	Command struct {
		// Sh is a copy of the shell this command is executing in.
		*Sh
		// Name is the name of the command itself.
		Name string
		// Args is a list of args to be passed to the command.
		Args []string
	}
	// Result is the result of running a command to completion.
	Result struct {
		Command                  *Command
		Stdout, Stderr, Combined *Output
		Err                      error
		ExitCode                 int
	}
	Error struct {
		// Err is the original error that was returned.
		Err error
		// Result is the complete result of the command execution that caused
		// this error.
		Result *Result
		// Command is the command which caused this error.
		Command *Command
	}
)

func (e Error) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("shell> %s\n%s\ncommand failed: %s",
		e.Result.Command.String(), e.Result.Combined.String(), e.Err)
}

func newError(err error, r *Result) Error {
	return Error{
		Err:     err,
		Result:  r,
		Command: r.Command,
	}
}

// Stdout returns the stdout stream as a string. It returns an error for the
// same reasons as .Succeed
func (c *Command) Stdout() (string, error) {
	r, err := c.SucceedResult()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return r.Stdout.String(), nil
}

// Stderr is returns the stderr stream as a string. It returns an error for the
// same reasons as .Result
func (c *Command) Stderr() (string, error) {
	r, err := c.SucceedResult()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return r.Stderr.String(), nil
}

// Lines returns Stdout split by newline. Leading and trailing empty lines are
// removed, and each line is trimmed of whitespace.
func (c *Command) Lines() ([]string, error) {
	stdout, err := c.Stdout()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	rawLines := strings.Split(stdout, "\n")
	lines := []string{}
	for _, l := range rawLines {
		trimmed := whitespace.Trim(l)
		if len(trimmed) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		lines = append(lines, trimmed)
	}
	return lines, nil
}

// JSON tries to parse the stdout from the command as JSON, populating the
// value you pass. (This value should be a pointer.)
func (c *Command) JSON(v interface{}) error {
	r, err := c.Result()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	decoder := json.NewDecoder(r.Stdout.Reader())
	return decoder.Decode(v)
}

// ExitCode only returns an error if there were io issues starting the command,
// it does not return an error for a command which fails and returns an error
// code, which is unlike most of Sh's methods. If it returns an error, then it
// also returns -1 for the exit code.
func (c *Command) ExitCode() (int, error) {
	r, err := c.Result()
	if err != nil {
		return -1, err
	}
	return r.ExitCode, nil
}

// Result only returns an error if it's a startup error, not if the command
// itself exits with an error code. If you need an error to be returned on
// non-zero exit codes, use SucceedResult instead.
func (s *Command) Result() (*Result, error) {
	c := exec.Command(s.Name, s.Args...)
	outbuf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	errbuf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	combinedbuf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	outWriters := []io.Writer{outbuf, combinedbuf}
	errWriters := []io.Writer{errbuf, combinedbuf}
	if s.TeeOut != nil {
		outWriters = append(outWriters, s.TeeOut)
	}
	if s.TeeErr != nil {
		errWriters = append(errWriters, s.TeeErr)
	}

	c.Stdout = io.MultiWriter(outWriters...)
	c.Stderr = io.MultiWriter(errWriters...)

	if err := c.Start(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	code := 0
	err := c.Wait()
	if err != nil {
		code = -1 // in case the following fails
		if exiterr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
			if status, ok := exiterr.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus); ok {
				code = status.ExitStatus()
			}
		}
		// TODO: Consider handling ErrNotFound as a special case here.
	}
	return &Result{
		Command:  s,
		Stdout:   &Output{outbuf},
		Stderr:   &Output{errbuf},
		Combined: &Output{combinedbuf},
		Err:      err,
		ExitCode: code,
	}, nil
}

// SucceedResult is similar to Result, except that it also returns an error if
// the command itself fails (returns a non-zero exit code).
func (c *Command) SucceedResult() (*Result, error) {
	r, err := c.Result()
	if err != nil {
		return r, err
	}
	if r.Err != nil {
		return r, newError(r.Err, r)
	}
	return r, nil
}

// Succeed returns an error if the command fails for any reason (fails to start
// or finishes with a non-zero exist code).
func (c *Command) Succeed() error {
	_, err := c.SucceedResult()
	return err
}

// Fail returns an error if the command succeeds to execute, or if it fails to
// start. It returns nil only if the command starts successfully and then exits
// with a non-zero exit code.
func (c *Command) Fail() error {
	_, err := c.FailResult()
	return err
}

// FailResult returns an error when the command fails to be invoked at all, or
// when the command is successfully invoked, and then runs successfully. It
// does not return an error when the command is invoked successfully and then
// fails.
func (c *Command) FailResult() (*Result, error) {
	r, err := c.Result()
	if err != nil {
		return r, err
	}
	if r.Err == nil {
		return r, fmt.Errorf("command %s succeeded, expected failure")
	}
	return r, nil
}

func (c *Command) String() string {
	args := strings.Join(c.Args, " ")
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", c.Name, args)
}


Ripple, the cryptocurrency known by the symbol "XRP," extended its move toward $1 by surging more than 19% Friday to 0.893621 at this writing. XRP's market value has been soaring this month. On this month, XRP's market capitalization was $19.35 billion, but that number jumped to $35.08 billion Friday, cementing XRP's status as the third-largest digital currency behind bitcoin and ethereum.
That is a solid end to the week for XRP after it slumped Monday on news that Ripple executives for requesting more regulation.
In that interview, Zagone told British lawmakers that they should follow an approach similar to Japan, which requires crypto exchange operators to be licensed before marketing their services to Japanese market participants.
One reason XRP surged later in the week could be speculation that it will finally find its way onto more major crypto exchanges.
"Everyone is anticipating XRP being listed on one of the top exchanges sometime this year," stated Marouane Garcon, managing director of Amulet, a crypto-to-crypto derivatives platform," reports Forbes.
Ripple has struggled to land on major exchanges, such as Coinbase or Gemini, even being rebuffed after offering cash payments to gain those listings, according to various reports.
Ripple has an advantage over rival coins because its transactions are cheaper to settle than those denominated in rival digital currencies. Ripple technology is more secure than those of rivals, including bitcoin and XRP transactions settle rapidly, in as little as four seconds. There are ripple items to pay attention to, according to Cryptobase.
XRP's all-time high is $3.30, meaning it would need to more than triple from current levels to return that record peak.
Crypto market fluctuates in the blink of an eye, and no one can be 100% sure about it. So staying up to date with the latest crypto news and crypto market movements is the key to be a successful crypto trader. In this crypto market roundup, we're going to highlight a couple of crypto news and crypto market movements as well, focusing on the big players such as Bitcoin and Ethereum.
There're seven crypto coins from top ten coins by 24hour volume recorded negative changes, ranging from 0.19 percent to 7.30 percent. Bitcoin Cash represented a big loss of 7.30 percent, followed by Cardano that recorded a negative change of 2.38 percent. NEO ($12.9) and ZCash ($69.4) dropped 0.31% and 1.56% respectively. XRP posted a positive change of 4.85 percent, while Tron showed a gain of 2.31 percent. The pair shows a 75.20 percent share.
As of now, the BTC price is resting at $4,955, with a loss of 1.52 percent over the past 24hour. More than $320 million worth of Bitcoin were exchanged in Bitcoin/US dollar market showing a 11.37 percent share of international daily volume.
The Ethereum price showed a positive change of 0.33 percent in the last 24hour and is currently resting at $163, with more than $110 million worth of ETH were exchanged on the Ethereum/US dollar pair in the last 24 hours. The pair represents a 51.89 percent share.
The startup company Radar, which garnered $10 million in funding last year, has introduced a hose to new tools especially designed for developers working on Lightning Network, Bitcoin's additional layer for scaling payments.
Scheduled to be unveiled at Boltathon hackathon, the tools comprise a configuration helper that allows developers to set up a lighting node and an invoice called playground to test if their lightning node can link to other nodes. There's also a liquidity tool that ensures users can send/receive payments, a one-of-a-kind feature that's not as simple as it sounds, as the technology is under development.
All the newly-introduced tools are also available on Radar ION, the company's site aimed at onboarding lightening users. Developers and crypto enthusiasts attending virtual Boltathon conference are invited to have hands on experience with these tools.
Although Radar is best known for producing Radar Relay, a decentralized exchange dedicated to trading crypto tokens without an intermediary over Ethereum, this is the company's public debut entering into the Bitcoin dominion by concentrating on lighting technology.
Russia's top leading Gas industry company Gazprom could soon start using blockchain technology to monitor and execute business contracts. The company's CEO, Alexey Miller, said Gazprom is now ready to initiate the process of taking the gas supply procedure to the next level using distributed ledger technology in its processes.
Miller said that his company will initially work in partnership with other major industrial consumers to execute Blockchain-based automated operations. The system will be accessible by everyone involved in the process and will be fully protected from unauthorized alterations, he further said.
Crypto startup Tether issued another $250 Million in new tokens on Monday. This latest release of USDT has sparked some speculation that Bitcoin (BTC) could be starting a rally soon after falling just below $6500 over the last few weeks.
While Tether has recently been involved in its fair share of controversy, they recently cooperated with a legal firm to release a report showing proof that USDT was fully backed by physical US dollars stored in the startups bank account.
While this was not a full audit, it shows that Tether is taking the important steps to show they are a legit startup and not involved in Bitcoin price manipulation. Tether is currently the 11th largest cryptocurrency with a circulating market cap of more than 2.6 billion.
Commission free trading app Robinhood recently listed a job advert looking for a "Crypto Engineer" capable of adding new functionality and features to the company's crypto wallet.
According to Robinhood (currently sitting at an evaluation of $5.6 Billion), the number one requested feature is the ability to move cryptocurrencies from other sources into the Robinhood app. By offering a crypto wallet Robinhood would also be able to provide its customers with an secure way to store assets.
Have you signed up for commission free trading yet?
Check out how to sign up for Robinhood today!
Tenth-largest cryptocurrency Tron has activate its main net after a month long migration to its own independent blockchain.


text:
YOLO PUP BLOG
TRAINER Q&A SERIES
Terms Of Policy
CBS SEAL TEAM JUSTIN MELNICK & DITA THE HAIR MISSILE INTERVIEW
America's favorite dog, Dita the Belgian Malinois, and her beloved human, handler, and star Justin Melnick chat with us about life on and off the screen.
Justin is not your average Hollywood star - his passion for military, servicemen, and for humanity as a whole is palpable.
Justin spent 6 years working as a combat photographer all over the world and it culminated in Afghanistan documenting the war against the Taliban. He's seen some shit... stuff that we can't imagine which he talks in detail about. After returning to the states with a passion to serve, he joined the police force in Indiana making a difference in his community.
How the heck did he end up on a TV Show with his Narcotics detection dog? The CBS Seal Team show runner asked him and Dita to be on the show after a visit to set. He brought his real life equipment and more importantly his years of experience. The rest is history...
Unlike most dogs in Hollywood, Dita is a true working dog. She has no replacements or stunt doubles - she does it all. She plays an explosives detection dog on screen, but is trained in narcotics detection. On scene, they replace the explosives odors with narcotics odors.
We also chatted about home life at the ranch in California with his wife, two kids, and a third on the way, the addition of Pepper the Dutch Shepherd on the show, and what Dita is like in real life. Fun fact - Justin doesn't own a TV. Justin is devoted to giving back to the community and using his platform and stardom for good. He's a true role model and a leader.
Thank you so much for your time, Justin. You are truly a breath of fresh air. Keep doing what you're doing bc damn - you're doing it right!
Back to DOG TRAINER INTERVIEWS | Q&A Series
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"2004 Faculty Senate Meeting Minutes" by Morehead State University. Faculty Senate.
Faculty Senate meeting minutes for the spring of 2004.
Morehead State University. Faculty Senate., "2004 Faculty Senate Meeting Minutes" (2004). Faculty Senate Records. 672.


Homosassa / Chassahowitzka | Citrus County Real Estate :: Plantation Realty Inc.
Nestled in a sparsely populated, heavily wooded area between US Highway 19 and the Gulf of Mexico, Homosassa, Florida offers some of the most pristine waterways on the Gulf Coast. This small town is packed with big appeal. The beautiful spring fed waters are home to a number of manatees, dolphin, turtles, and various species of fish. The primarily untouched surroundings attract a diverse array of birds and other wildlife to the area, making Homosassa a nature lover's dream!
The Homosassa Arts, Crafts and Seafood festival, which is held in the fall, has drawn in crowds from all over Florida for the past 36 years. Homosassa is also host to one of the state's best wildlife parks, "The Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park". Here you can come visit our local celebrity, Lucifer (or "Lu" as we like to call him). He's a hippopotamus that has been a fixture at the park since 1964. When the Florida Park Service purchased this park, they wanted to make it for native Florida species only and were going to find him a new home, but our community rallied and Lu was granted special Florida citizenship, allowing him to stay. The park also offers several shows daily, including a Manatee program, an Alligator/Hippopotamus program, and a Wildlife encounters program.
In addition to the wonderful wildlife, Homosassa also offers great dining opportunities, many of them right on the water. So come to this fabulous little area and make one of our watering holes your watering hole.
Chassahowitzka is an area that is about 31,000 acres comprised mainly of saltwater creeks and freshwater tributaries which is commonly known as Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge. A very small portion of that is not designated as wilderness, and there are some homes available. Make mother nature your next door neighbor by living in this sensational area.


The old grand-dame Hotel of Vienna was originally predicted to be mentally dead, but since the Sacher family took over the ownership, a lot changed and a completely fresh wind breezes now through the elegantly styled hallways.
After a glamorous arrival in the 1st class with the new Czech Railjet, we were chauffeured by our private driver of Uber, to the luxurious Hotel Bristol on Kärtnerring 1. The check-in was smooth and our Bristol Suite was already available at 11.30 which was a great plus. Upon entering the heavy door of our Suite, a completely different world opened to be discovered. Through the bright and airy entrée we got a first sight of the size of this little piece of pure heaven.
A huge living room with two light-brown sofas, a comfortable armchair, a writing desk with seating arrangements and a TV shelf with a built-in fireplace welcomed one of its first guests. In addition to this impressive area we found our bedroom that we entered through two very elegant sliding doors with gold handles. Everything did not only look so expensive, it really was of high quality. As the antiques, the deco vases and the lamps.
Back to the facts, the bedroom: The bed was extremely comfortable and the curtains did black-out extremely well. Beside the bed there was the entrance to the bathroom, a heaven for all bath-lovers: A separated toilet area with bidet, double vanities, a deep bath tub, and finally – an enormous walk-in shower at 1,5x1,5 meters. Last but not least I have to mention the world's best bathroom amenities, at least they are the most expensive ones – by famous perfumer Roja Dove.
Although the city is amazing, we did not want to leave our heavenly bed. Fortunately breakfast was predicted to be world-class, so that's why we headed down to Bristol Lounge and it really was worth the way. I would call it a very selective offer but of really high quality: bread is served in the main area, while all other products, including the cooking place are located in a separated room which is perfectly cooled for the fresh products.
The staff was always helpful and they even gave us a complimentary late check-out until 4 pm without any discussion. So we could enjoy the luxury of our huge Bristol Suite on a lazy Sunday afternoon before we headed back to Prague.
The Bristol proofed once again that it want to compete with the other high class properties such as the Imperial, the Ritz Carlton and the Park Hyatt. We can gladly say, YES! It is our new favourite hotel in Vienna.
Our stay in a new Bristol Suite at the Hotel Bristol Vienna was completely sponsored by the hotel. Our above written review is our personal opinion and hasn't been influenced.


The Lamo Sheepskin Carmen Stivaliie is a traditonal Stivaliie slipper with 100% Italian Sheepskin lining. The upper is made of suede for a classic look, while the sole is cushioned with slight arch support for luxurious comfort. With a sheepskin collar and insole, the Lamo Sheepskin Carmen Stivaliie will have you showing off your Pantofole instead of hiding them in the closet.


Bike share in Washington, D.C.
The idea of residents, commuters and tourists peddling around Philadelphia on a herd of communal bicycles pleases members of City Council's Environment, Transportation and Public Utilities committees - and that's an important early step toward bringing a bike share program here.
But they were as skeptical as they were enthusiastic at Wednesday's public hearing. Who would run the program? Who would be liable if there were an accident? Who would pay for it? And in exchange for a program whose costs were borne by an advertising company, would citizens be willing to accept more billboards and other advertisements?
The administration seems to share the mix of enthusiasm and trepidation.
Rina Cutler, deputy mayor for transportation and utilities, said she is supportive of bike sharing in concept. A bike share program would take cars off congested streets and their fumes out of the air, Cutler said. It would lower dependence on foreign oil, and help with the mayor's goal of making Philadelphia the greenest city in the nation.
"However, we need additional information on how it will be structured, how it will operate, and the cost to the city," she said.
Cutler said as of July 1, the city will have a bicycle and pedestrian planner who can help determine what kind of program would be successful in Philadelphia. She also said the city would reach out to its cyclists for input.
Many who came to speak at the hearing - some wearing bicycle lapel pins - pledged their support and willingness to help, including members of BikeShare Philadelphia, an organization formed to bring bike sharing here, State Representative Babette Josephs, the Bicycle Coalition of Greater Philadelphia and the Bicycle Club of Philadelphia.
Bike share has arrived in a growing number of cities across the world and nation. Residents, visitors and commuters can rent or borrow a bicycle to get where they are going - and drop it off near their destination. Pittsburgh has a small, recreational program. And city officials in Washington, D.C., recently announced they were starting a small pilot program that they hope will quickly grow exponentially. Cutler said Philadelphia would be watching that pilot program closely, to see if it works.
Bike share programs come in several varieties, not all of which are government run. But all require governmental support. BikeShare Philadelphia and Bicycle Coalition member Russell Meddin has estimated that the bikes and infrastructure for a full-scale program in Philadelphia would cost about $10 million, and he knows the city doesn't have it.
But under some models, the city would pay nothing. A non-profit could run it. Or, in the most common approach, a large advertising firm pays for everything, in return for the revenue that results from running ads on bill boards and/or street furniture - things like benches, bus stops and public toilets.
Representatives from three of these companies spoke at Wednesday's meeting. George Kauker, president of Clear Channel Outdoor's Philadelphia division, said his company was the first to run an advertising-based bike share company. It started in Rennes, France, in 1998. And the Washington, D.C. program? That's ClearChannel, too.
Mark Madden, from the Cemusa company, told council members that his company does not use billboards at all, just street furniture. They focus on using recyled materials, and they use solar power to illuminate their bus shelters. They run the program in Miami, and just were awarded a pilot in Rome, Italy.
Martin McDonough from Wall/Decaux brought a modern-looking, heavy street bike with him. It had a handlebar console with all types of electronics, a sleek red rear fender and a wire basket in front. His company runs the program in Lyon, as well as Paris, where every day, 100,000 users ride 20,000 bikes.
Cutler said she believes the city should start with a small pilot program. McDonough cautioned that if a program is too small, only parts of it can be tested. If there aren't enough bicycles around the city, the bikes will not become an effective alternative means of transportation, he said.
Here's more on how the systems work: Anyone could sign up for the bike share program, and they would be issued a swipe card, key fob, or other device that would allow them to pick up a bike at any bike station. (German programs tend to be operated by cell phone - the user sends a text to the bike share, and a text comes back with the closest bike station and a combination for the lock.) After use, users drop the bike at any other bike station in the city.
Patrons could use the bikes for a full day or more. But they usually don't - those who want to use a bike that much tend to rent from a shop or own their own, he said.
Most members of the public who came to speak supported bike share enthusiastically. Some shared the same concerns as council members listed.


text:
Piennar voted Bafana Bafana Player of the Year
Pretoria - Bafana Bafana midfielder Steven Pienaar has been voted the 2009 Senior National Team Player of the Year by local football supporters.
This follows the player's outstanding performance in his England based club Everton FC and with the national team Pienaar has been a backbone in the midfield creating critical goals.
The announcement was made at the South African Football Association (SAFA) Awards ceremony on Thursday, which aimed to honour players and administrators who have contributed to national football.
Pienaar is one of the most extraordinary players during the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup along with the likes of Kaka and Louis Fabiano, winning himself two "man of the match" titles against New Zealand and Brazil.
This sensational midfielder was voted ahead of his two Bafana Bafana teammate- right-back defender Siboniso Gaxa of Mamelodi Sundowns as well as Macbeth Sibaya, who plays for Rubin Kazan in Russia.
Football supporters voted for their favourite player via SMS to the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) television and radio stations.
In Amajita, National Under 20 Team, Thulani Serero who plays for Ajax Cape Town, was named the Under 20 Player of the Year.
This young but talented winger has been influential at club level as well as in the junior national team and is continuing to cause headache for local Premier Soccer League (PSL) defenders with his fascinating skills.
In this award, Serero was competing with skillful Philani Khwela and Amajita's mastermind Daylon Claasen, who both played in Holland for Feyenoord and Ajax Amsterdam respectively.
In the women's national team, Banyana Banyana, the talented Nompulelo Nyandeni walked away with the Senior Women's National Team Player of the Year.
According to SAFA, this was a great achievement for the midfielder considering the fact that she was vying for top honours against reigning Women's African Player of the Year, Noko Matlou as well as her captain Kylie-Ann Louw.
PSL champion, Supersport United mentor Gavin Hunt, was honoured with a prestigious Coach of the Year Award.
Hunt, who has won two premiership titles successively with Matsatasa ko Pitoli (Supersport), is one of the assessors for Bafana coach Carlos Alberto Parreira.
In this category, Hunt was pitted against coaching giants - Styles Phumo, fellow assessor and Jomo Cosmos coach and boss, Jomo Sono and National Under 20 mentor Serame Letsoaka.
"The inception of the SAFA Awards last year had gone a long way in encouraging players to play with passion and pride, our coaches to work harder at their game plans, match officials to officiate at the highest level, and our administrators to govern the game effectively and efficiently," said SAFA President Kirsten Nematandani.
Among the dignitaries that attended the ceremony included the Minister of Justice Jeff Radebe as well as the 2002 Brazil World Cup squad winning captain Cafu.
Joburg's forfeiture unit seizes assets worth over R23mil
Police welcome drug dealer's 10-year sentence
New COVID-19 variant detected in SA
Home Affairs activates "alive" status verification
Main Line Passenger Services long distance train service reinstated


text:
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module.exports = thisPlugin;

function grabLinks(options) {
	this.options = options;
	var leg = {
		id: 'grabLinks',
		executor: function(next, thisEscalator) {
			console.log('---grabLinks');
			thisEscalator.phantomOptions.phantomModules.postPageLoad.grabLinks = {
				file: __dirname + '/phantomModule.grabLinks.js'
			};
			thisEscalator.phantomOptions.grabLinks = {
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text:
package com.thoughtworks.go.server.controller;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.thoughtworks.go.config.AgentConfig;
import com.thoughtworks.go.config.CaseInsensitiveString;
import com.thoughtworks.go.config.Tabs;
import com.thoughtworks.go.config.TrackingTool;
import com.thoughtworks.go.domain.JobIdentifier;
import com.thoughtworks.go.domain.JobInstance;
import com.thoughtworks.go.domain.JobInstances;
import com.thoughtworks.go.domain.Pipeline;
import com.thoughtworks.go.domain.Properties;
import com.thoughtworks.go.domain.Stage;
import com.thoughtworks.go.domain.StageIdentifier;
import com.thoughtworks.go.i18n.Localizer;
import com.thoughtworks.go.util.json.Json;
import com.thoughtworks.go.util.json.JsonHelper;
import com.thoughtworks.go.util.json.JsonList;
import com.thoughtworks.go.util.json.JsonMap;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.presentation.models.JobDetailPresentationModel;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.presentation.models.JobStatusJsonPresentationModel;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.service.ArtifactsService;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.service.GoConfigService;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.service.JobDetailService;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.service.JobInstanceService;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.service.PipelineService;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.service.PropertiesService;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.service.RestfulService;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.service.StageService;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.util.ErrorHandler;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import static com.thoughtworks.go.server.controller.actions.JsonAction.jsonFound;
import static com.thoughtworks.go.util.GoConstants.ERROR_FOR_PAGE;
import static com.thoughtworks.go.util.ExceptionUtils.bomb;

/*
 * Handles requests for Build Details: See urlrewrite.xml.
 */
@Controller
public class JobController {

    private static final Log LOGGER = LogFactory.getLog(JobController.class);
    @Autowired private JobInstanceService jobInstanceService;
    @Autowired private JobDetailService jobDetailService;
    @Autowired private GoConfigService goConfigService;
    @Autowired private PipelineService pipelineService;
    @Autowired private RestfulService restfulService;
    @Autowired private ArtifactsService artifactService;
    @Autowired private PropertiesService propertiesService;
    @Autowired private StageService stageService;
    @Autowired private Localizer localizer;

    public JobController() {
    }

    JobController(
            JobInstanceService jobInstanceService, JobDetailService jobDetailService,
            GoConfigService goConfigService, PipelineService pipelineService, RestfulService restfulService,
            ArtifactsService artifactService, PropertiesService propertiesService, StageService stageService, Localizer localizer) {
        this.jobInstanceService = jobInstanceService;
        this.jobDetailService = jobDetailService;
        this.goConfigService = goConfigService;
        this.pipelineService = pipelineService;
        this.restfulService = restfulService;
        this.artifactService = artifactService;
        this.propertiesService = propertiesService;
        this.stageService = stageService;
        this.localizer = localizer;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/build/recent", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView jobDetail(@RequestParam("pipelineName") String pipelineName,
                                  @RequestParam("label") String counterOrLabel,
                                  @RequestParam("stageName") String stageName,
                                  @RequestParam("stageCounter") String stageCounter,
                                  @RequestParam("jobName") String jobName) throws Exception {

        Pipeline pipeline = pipelineService.findPipelineByCounterOrLabel(pipelineName, counterOrLabel);
        if (pipeline == null) {
            throw bomb(String.format("Job %s/%s/%s/%s/%s not found", pipelineName, counterOrLabel, stageName,
                    stageCounter, jobName));
        }

        StageIdentifier stageIdentifier = restfulService.translateStageCounter(pipeline.getIdentifier(), stageName, stageCounter);

        JobInstance instance = jobDetailService.findMostRecentBuild(new JobIdentifier(stageIdentifier, jobName));
        return getModelAndView(instance);
    }

    private ModelAndView getModelAndView(JobInstance jobDetail) throws Exception {
        final JobDetailPresentationModel presenter = presenter(jobDetail);
        Map data = new HashMap();
        data.put("presenter", presenter);
        data.put("l", localizer);
        return new ModelAndView("build_detail/build_detail_page", data);
    }

    @ErrorHandler
    public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Exception e) throws Exception {
        LOGGER.error("Job detail page error: ", e);
        Map model = new HashMap();
        model.put(ERROR_FOR_PAGE, e.getMessage());
        return new ModelAndView("exceptions_page", model);
    }

    private JobDetailPresentationModel presenter(JobInstance current) {
        String pipelineName = current.getIdentifier().getPipelineName();
        String stageName = current.getIdentifier().getStageName();
        JobInstances recent25 = jobInstanceService.latestCompletedJobs(pipelineName, stageName, current.getName());
        AgentConfig agentConfig = goConfigService.agentByUuid(current.getAgentUuid());
        Pipeline pipelineWithOneBuild = pipelineService.wrapBuildDetails(current);
        Tabs customizedTabs = goConfigService.getCustomizedTabs(pipelineWithOneBuild.getName(),
                pipelineWithOneBuild.getFirstStage().getName(), current.getName());
        TrackingTool trackingTool = goConfigService.pipelineConfigNamed(
                new CaseInsensitiveString(pipelineWithOneBuild.getName())).trackingTool();
        Properties properties = propertiesService.getPropertiesForJob(current.getId());
        Stage stage = stageService.getStageByBuild(current);
        return new JobDetailPresentationModel(current, recent25, agentConfig, pipelineWithOneBuild, customizedTabs, trackingTool, artifactService, properties, stage);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/**/jobStatus.json", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(@RequestParam(value = "pipelineName")String pipelineName,
                                      @RequestParam(value = "stageName")String stageName,
                                      @RequestParam(value = "jobId")long jobId,
                                      HttpServletResponse response) {
        Json json;
        try {
            JobInstance instance = jobInstanceService.buildByIdWithTransitions(jobId);
            JobStatusJsonPresentationModel presenter = new JobStatusJsonPresentationModel(instance,
                    goConfigService.agentByUuid(instance.getAgentUuid()),
                    stageService.getBuildDuration(pipelineName, stageName, instance));
            json = createBuildInfo(presenter);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            LOGGER.warn(e);
            json = errorJsonMap(e);
        }
        return jsonFound(json).respond(response);
    }

    private JsonMap errorJsonMap(Exception e) {
        JsonMap jsonMap = new JsonMap();
        JsonHelper.addDeveloperErrorMessage(jsonMap, e);
        return jsonMap;
    }

    private JsonList createBuildInfo(JobStatusJsonPresentationModel presenter) {
        // TODO: Hucking Fack alert. We shouldn't need "building_info"
        JsonMap info = new JsonMap();
        info.put("building_info", presenter.toJsonHash());
        JsonList jsonList = new JsonList();
        jsonList.add(info);
        return jsonList;
    }
}


We believe that the success of a business is largely due to the quality of its employees and the development of each employee's full potential. By maintaining and supporting this belief, both the success of the company and that of its employees will be achieved.
Our Human Resources department is a business within our own business. We use a detailed approach to fit available skills to a company's needs. In a world of constantly changing laws and regulations, our Human Resources department is devoted to administering those laws and regulations, so you don't have to.


lofar-uk: Why have International Stations?
There's a nice item out online right now (see the Astronomy Now version) illustrating the benefit international stations like the one we're building at Chilbolton add to LOFAR. The article is describes the improvement in resolution seen between an image of a distant quasar taken by just the LOFAR core, and one taken using the core connected to two stations in Germany.
Radio image of quasar 3C 196 at 4-10 metre wavelengths (30-80MHz frequency). Left: Data from the LOFAR stations in the Netherlands only. Right: Greater detail is revealed when the German stations are added to the array. Image: Olaf Wucknitz, Bonn University.
We're looking forward to seeing the first images taken including the Chilbolton station. But first we have to build it!


Your source for hot takes.
Persona has the best combat system of any video game.
Final Fantasy VI is the best Final Fantasy.
With proper support, Game Room could've been the world's premiere virtual arcade.
The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild is a fantastic open-world action/adventure game, but not a good Zelda game.
The Android platform will get better, but will never truly be great.
Black Knight 2000 has the greatest soundtrack to a Pinball table ever composed.
Final Fantasy XIV's player housing is fine the way it is.
Sonic The Hedgehog is from Green Hill Zone.
The loot boxes & mod cards in Forza Motorsport 7 are additive, fun & useful for casual players.
Speed-leveling through any MMO ruins the essence of the MMO experience.
Xbox Live is a lonely place.
Systemic episodic disappointment across all forms of media.
Sonic Colors is the best Sonic game.
Discord will disrupt Steam with direct game purchasing & publishing.
There are no subpar Fire Emblem games.
Cliff Bleszinski invented the cover-based shooter.
The best Assassin's Creed game is HITMAN.
Dark Souls 2 is peak Dark Souls.
The best video game movie is Jumanji 2: Welcome to the Jungle.
PUBG is the Dark Souls of battle royale games.
theHunter: Call of the Wild is an Xbox One X system seller.
Cell is not required for a team to be viable.
Puyo Puyo takes more skill than Tetris.
The Diablo franchise was always meant for mobile.
Red Dead Redemption 2 works best as a console game and should not come to PC.
Bonk is related to Dynamite Headdy.


text:
What Can Be Used to Replace Nitrogen in Soil?
By Daniel Thompson
The Effects of Bat Guano on Plants
How Much Nitrogen Will Clover Put in the Soil?
Can I Use Ash From Duraflame Logs on My Plants?
Phosphate Fertilizer Types
Sugar Daddy Pea Plants
Supplying your plants with nitrogen ensures that they can sustain healthy growth and fend off harmful pests and diseases. There are several methods you can use to replace nitrogen in the soil that each have specific benefits and drawbacks. Performing a soil test before you begin adding nitrogen to the soil provides an accurate assessment of how much nitrogen your soil needs.
Chemical Fertilizers
Chemical fertilizers provide concentrated doses of nitrogen that is quickly available to the plants in your soil. Using carefully measured applications of chemical fertilizers in conjunction with a soil test is one of the most cost-effective methods for replacing nitrogen in the soil. Overusing chemical fertilizers can increase the salinity of your soil, making it difficult for plant roots to absorb water. Incorrectly applied chemical fertilizers can damage your plants or increase the acidity of the upper layers of your soil, making it harder for some plants to absorb nutrients. Chemical nitrogen fertilizers work best when they are tilled into the soil and lightly irrigated shortly before planting time.
Compost provides lower concentrations of nitrogen than most types of chemical fertilizer. Compost consists of organic matter such as manure, leaves or grass that is partially decayed. The composition of compost provides varying amounts of nitrogen and other nutrients, making it difficult to provide a precise quantity of nitrogen. In addition to supplying nitrogen and other nutrients plants need, organic soil amendments improve the structure of the soil, allowing water to permeate through it more easily and increasing its ability to retain water. Unlike chemical fertilizers, organic soil amendments release nutrients over a period of several years, making them better suited for long-term fertilization regimens.
Legumes form a symbiotic relationship with bacteria in the soil that allows them to draw nitrogen from the atmosphere. Some common varieties of legume include beans, clover and alfalfa. Treating the seeds of these plants with the bacteria Rhizobium immediately before they are planted allows the plants to draw nitrogen from the atmosphere when it is not available from the soil. Legumes are commonly planted on nitrogen-deficient soils and then plowed into the ground where the nitrogen absorbed from the air is released into the soil as the plants decay.
The most effective methods for returning nitrogen to the soil use an annual program of soil testing and fertilization to provide the right amounts of nitrogen in the soil. Organic soil amendments are usually only effective when they are used in bulk and often increase the acidity of your soil. Composted manure typically provides higher quantities of nitrogen than other forms of compost but requires pretreatment to reduce the presence of harmful bacteria. You can also use fresh manure as a soil amendment. Although fresh manure provides more nitrogen than composted manure, it often contains seeds from unwanted plants and harmful bacteria. Overapplying fresh manure can also increase the salinity of your soil, making it difficult for plants to absorb water.
New Mexico State University: Nitrogen Fixation By Legumes
Pennsylvannia State University: Nitrogen Fertilizers
University of Minnesota: Using Manure and Compost As Nutrient Sources For Fruit And Vegetable Crops
Daniel Thompson began writing about analytical literature in 2004. He has written informative guides for a hardware store and was published at an academic conference as part of a collaborative project. He attained a Bachelors of Fine Arts in English literature from Eastern Kentucky University.
What Does Amending Your Soil Mean?
Quick-Release vs. Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers
Fava Bean Plant
Fertilizers That Can Replace Urea
Epsom Salts & Saltpeter for Yards
How to Solve Nitrogen Deficiency
Soil pH for Lilac Bushes
Phosphate Fertilizer Alternatives
About Nitrogen & Plant Growth
1 What Does Amending Your Soil Mean?
2 Quick-Release vs. Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers
3 Fava Bean Plant
4 Fertilizers That Can Replace Urea


text:
Home Topics Birmingham Elections
Birmingham Elections
Protests in several US cities as presidential vote remains undecided
Protesters turned out in multiple U.S. cities Wednesday to call for a complete count of presidential election votes, while smaller pro-Trump groups rallied outside vote-counting centers in Michigan and Arizona.
US election: Deceased candidate wins legislative seat
A candidate who died of coronavirus in October, David Andahl, has won a legislative seat in North Dakota.
Two Nigerians win in US election
Two Nigerian-Americans have reportedly won their respective positions in the ongoing United States general elections.
Twitter, Facebook label Donald Trump post suggesting Democrats manipulated ballot counts
Twitter and Facebook have continued to restrict and label posts from President Donald Trump after yesterday's presidential election, this time addressing a baseless claim that Democratic officials were manipulating vote counts in key states. Twitter flagged the tweet and restricted its reach, saying it was "disputed and might be misleading." Facebook added a general warning that "final results may be different from the initial vote counts."
Joe Biden leads Donald Trump in Michigan, Wisconsin
Democratic Presidential candidate, Joe Biden, is now leading President Donald Trump in Michigan and Wisconsin by a narrow margin.
US election: Nigerian elected member of Congress
Oye Owolewa, a first-generation Nigerian-American is, as reported by Thisday, the grandson of Chief Mrs. PC Ajayi-Obe, Senior Advocate of Nigeria, recently buried at Omofe Cathedral, Ilesha, Osun State. Oye hasn't forgotten Nigeria but had reason to visit just once: "I was in Nigeria as recently as 2017. I visited, but never lived for more than a month. I visited my grandmother (recently passed) SAN Phoebe Ajayi-Obe."
US election: Donald Trump vows to stop vote counting at Supreme Court
President Donald Trump on Wednesday claimed he had won the US election, despite the final results not yet being given, and said he would go the Supreme Court to dispute the counting of votes.
US election: Ex-football coach wins Senate seat
A former college football coach, Tommy Tuberville, is taking his playbook to Washington, D.C.
Joe Biden: Donald Trump bid to stop vote counting 'outrageous'
Joe Biden's White House campaign slammed US President Donald Trump's threat to try to stop the election vote count as "outrageous" early Wednesday, saying its legal team was ready to prevent such an "unprecedented" act.
US election: Surge in Latino support for Donald Trump helps him win Florida
Trump, who won the state in 2016, outperformed his 2016 margins with Florida's Hispanic voters, who made up 19 percent of all the state's voters. A lot of the swing came in Miami-Dade, the county that contains Florida's largest Cuban and Venezuelan communities, many of whom are strongly anti-left wing.
US election: Republicans hold back Democrats, narrowing path to Senate control
The battle for power in the Senate tightened into Wednesday as Democrats picked up a seat in Colorado, but suffered a setback in Alabama, and Republicans held their own in high-profile races in South Carolina, Iowa, Texas and Kansas, dramatically narrowing the political map.
US election: Joe Biden wins state of Arizona, first Democrat to do so since...
With a population of 7.27 million, Arizona has 11 electoral votes, which are now going to Democratic nominee Joe Biden, the Associated Press news agency said early on Wednesday.
Voters in several US states back drug legalisation in referendums
According to the board of elections on Wednesday, with ballots still being counted in the nation's capital, Washington, 77 per cent of voters are saying yes to effectively decriminalising a range of psychedelic plants and mushrooms.
US election: Joe Biden wins Arizona to claim 11 more electoral votes
Democrat Joe Biden has won in the southwestern US state of Arizona, a traditionally Republican stronghold which was captured by President Donald Trump in 2016, Fox News and the Associated Press projected early Wednesday.
US election: Donald Trump to challenge results at Supreme Court
US election: Donald Trump claims victory, wants counting of ballots to stop
President Donald Trump has declared that he has won the US presidential election despite the fact that the ballots were still being counted in many key states.
Twitter restricts Donald Trump's post on alleged vote rigging
Twitter has imposed restriction on a tweet by U.S. President Trump in which he alleges an attempt by unnamed persons to "steal the election".
US election: Voters favour Joe Biden on virus, Donald Trump on economy – AP Votecast
Voters in the U.S. presidential election faced a public health crisis and a wounded economy, but neither candidate emerged as the clear choice to handle both of those issues, according to AP Votecast.
Lagos vows to curb sharp practices in cooperative societies
Commissioner for Commerce, Industry and Cooperatives, Dr. Lola Akande gave the warning at the maiden matriculation of the Lagos State Cooperative College's first diploma programme held at the Johnson Agiri campus of the school in Agege, Lagos.
Donald Trump pardons Steve Bannon, rapper Lil Wayne
US President Donald Trump has granted a pardon to his disgraced former aide Steve Bannon as part of a wave of pardons and commutations during his final hours in office, White House officials told the Reuters news agency and New York Times newspaper.
President Buhari hosts Beninese leader at Aso Villa
President Muhammadu Buhari on Tuesday met behind closed doors with President Patrice Talon of Benin Republic at the State House, Abuja.
Police arrest three 'robbers' in Osun
The Police Command in Osun says it has arrested three suspected robbers who hijacked two articulated vehicles and robbed the occupants along Osun-Ile Ife expressway in Osun.
Delta youths set police vehicle ablaze over deaths in tricycle accident
A lady and her child lost their lives yesterday after a vehicle hit a commercial tricycle conveying them on the Express road around the PTI junction, Uvwie local governent are, Delta state .