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How to Level Up Quickly in Dragon Quest Builders 2
10 More Games Have Been Announced For The Upcoming Sega Mega Drive Mini
Becca S.
More games for the SEGA Mega Drive Mini? Yes, please.
It has been about a month since we got news about some of the games that will be available for the SEGA Mega Drive Mini (or Genesis Mini for those of you who are stateside). Sounds to us like it's time for more.
Capcom – yes, Capcom – is behind today's announcement of games coming to the Mini, which means the company is raiding its back catalogue to fill up the retro console. The big announcement includes Mega Man: The Wily Wars, a compilation of the first three Mega Man entries. Along with this is Street Fighter II: Special Champion Edition.
Here's the full list of the 10 games announced:
Mega Man: The Wily Wars
Street Fighter II: Special Champion Edition
Phantasy Star IV: The End of the Millenium
Sonic the Hedgehog Spinball
If you prefer your Mega Drive/Genesis controllers with six buttons, you'll be pleased to know that there's also a 6-button controller launching in late August. From Retro-Bit, it'll cost £17.99 and will give players a huge advantage in Street Fighter, Comix Zone and Beyond Oasis.
The SEGA Mega Drive Mini is set to release September 19, 2019 with 40 games included on the system. We now know about 30 of them, so I wonder what the last 10 will be…
Previous articleThings We'd Like To See in Watch Dogs 3
Next article9 Games We'd Like to See on the Nintendo Switch
Grab Some Free SEGA Games Courtesy of Amplitude Studios
Winning Friends and Influencing People in Judgment
Judgment Review
Monster Hunter World: Iceborne Beta is Coming to PS4 on Friday 21st June
Mario and Sonic Are Heading Back to the Olympics in November


The following lists of references and resources are based on information developed for our Significance Assessment of Collections Workshops. Please feel free to use it to guide your reading in the area. Jump ahead to the section you are interested in by clicking on a title in the list of four blue headings below.
Appelbaum, B. 2007. Conservation Treatment Methodology. Butterworth-Heineman, Oxford, 437pp.
Ashley-Smith, J. 1999. Risk Assessment for Object Conservation. Butterworth-Heineman, Oxford, 358pp.
Australia ICOMOS. 2013. The Burra Charter: the Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. Australia International Council on Monuments and Sites, Melbourne. [.pdf download 2 MB] See also entry under Web Resources below.
Australia ICOMOS. 2004. The Illustrated Burra Charter: the Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. Australia International Council on Monuments and Sites, Melbourne.
Australia ICOMOS. 2004. Burra 25. Historic Environment. Vol. 18 (1).
Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material Inc., (AICCM) Code of Practice Suggested Amendments in AICCM Newsletter, September 2000, insert [.pdf download] See also entry at Web Resources below for resulting 2002 Code of Practice - all suggested amendments were adopted.
Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee. 1996. 'Guidelines for a University Museums and Collections Policy', Cinderella Collections: university museums & collections in Australia : the report of the University Museums Review Committee, University Museums Review Committee, Canberra: 205-211 (Appendix 8f). [.pdf download 2.3 MB].
Baer, N.S. 2001. Risk Management, Value and Decision-making. The Paper Conservator. Vol. 25: 53-58.
Bullock, V.M. 2012. The Marriage of Risk Assessment and Significance Assessment: challenges and opportunities. Guest edited by Robert Waller 'The International Symposium on Cultural Property Risk Analysis', a focus issue of Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals, Vol. 8 (4), Fall, pp. 307-322.
Bullock, V. and M. Birtley. 2008. Will Collections Vanish in the Urge to Converge? Observations on convergent evolution in the collections sector. Archives and Manuscripts. Vol. 36 (2), November, 128-147.
Caple, C. 2006. Objects: reluctant witnesses to the past. Routledge, Oxford.
Carver, M. 1996. On Archaeological Value. Antiquity. Vol. 70. (267): 45-56.
Commonwealth of Australia. For publications arising from the 2015 Review of the Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Act 1986 and Regulations 1987 see entries below under Simpson, S.
Cunningham, A. 2006. Talking with the Taxman about Poetry: the NAA's experiences with consultation on Macro-appraisal. Powerpoint presentation to the Australian Society of Archivists Conference, October, Port Macquarie, New South Wales. National Archives of Australia. [.pdf download] See also entries from Cunningham and the National Archives of Australia below in Web Resources.
Curthoys, A. and A. McGrath. 2009. How to Write History that People Want to Read. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney.
Fredheim, L.H. and M. Khalaf. 2016. The Significance of Values: heritage value typologies re-examined. International Journal of Heritage Studies. Vol 22 (6): 466-481. NEW January 2017.
Harrison, R. 2013. Forgetting to Remember, Remembering to Forget: late modern heritage practices, sustainability and the 'crisis' of accumulation of the past. Paper presented to the inaugural Conference of the Association for Critical Heritage Studies, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 2012. International Journal of Heritage Studies. Vol. 19 (6).
Hillhouse, S. 2004. Collections Management: a practical guide. Collections Trust, London.
Hodkinson, I.S. 1990 Man's Effect on Paintings. In Shared Responsibility: a seminar for curators and conservators. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa: 54-68. [.pdf download 5.0 MB]. Contains 'Significance in Paintings' figure.
Hummeln, I. and D. Sillé. 1999. The Decision-making Model for the Conservation and Restoration of Modern and Contemporary Art. In I. Hummeln and D. Sille (eds) Modern Art: Who Cares? An interdisciplinary research project and an international symposium on the conservation of modern and contemporary art. Archetype Publications: 164-172.
Keyser, B. 1994. Saving the Significance. Museum Management and Curatorship. Vol. 13: 130-159.
Lipe, W.D. 1984. Value and Meaning in Cultural Resources. In H. Cleere (ed.) Approaches to the Archaeological Heritage, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1-11.
Schiffer, M.B. 1977. Assessing Significance. In M.B. Schiffer and G.J. Gumerman. Conservation Archaeology: a guide for Cultural Resource Management Studies. Academic Press, New York: 239-247.
Scott, M. and C. Smith. 2009. Ethics and Practice: Australian and New Zealand Conservation Contexts. In Conservation Principles, Dilemmas and Uncomfortable Truths. Butterworths Heineman and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London: 184-196.
Simpson, S. 2015. Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Act 1986 Review. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Position Paper [.pdf download 5 MB], Overview [.pdf download] and Final Report Borders of Culture [198pp. download 3.5 MB]. See also entry below under Web Resources. Recommends use of Significance 2.0.
Tainter, J.A. and G.J. Lucas. 1983. Epistemology of the Significance Concept. American Antiquity. Vol. 48 (4): 707-719.
Veale, S. and R. Freestone. 2012. The Things We Wanted To Keep: the Commonwealth and the National Estate 1969-1974. Historic Environment. Vol. 24 (3), 2012: 12-18.
Wain, A. 2012. Size Matters: Seeing the Values in Large Technology Heritage [.pdf download 3.0 MB]. PhD. Australian National University.
Warden, J. 2009. The Level of Significance 2.0. Museums Australia Magazine. Vol. 18 (2). December: 22-23.
Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material Inc (AICCM)., 2002 Code of Ethics and Code of Practice. Note changes in emphasis, including adjusting conservation treatment solutions in line with significance (CoP Item 4), environmental resources, and Indigenous matters (CoP Item 5) from earlier version. See also entry above under General References for the AICCM.
Commonwealth of Australia 2015. Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Act 1986 and Regulations 1987 Review Project: http://arts.gov.au/topics/public-consultations/review-protection-movable-cultural-heritage-act. See also downloadable documents above in General References.
Cunningham, A. 2014. In Pursuit of a National Documentation Strategy and a National Archival System. Recordkeeping Roundtable online discussion group: http://rkroundtable.org/2014/06/30/eternity-revisited-in-pursuit-of-a-national-documentation-strategy-and-a-national-archival-system/. See also entry under Cunningham in General References for a 2006 offering on national approaches (from the perspective of 'macro-appraisal'), and entry below from the National Archives of Australia.
http://www.dpcd.vic.gov.au/heritage/heritage-places-and-objects/objects-and-collections-about. See also Requirements [.pdf download].
National Archives of Australia. What We Keep: Principles for Selecting the Australian Government's National Archives: http://naa.gov.au/information-management/selecting-national-archives/index.aspx Viewed 6 August 2017. Note the use of significance criteria especially at 3, 'Selection Principles'.
Part C - Developing a Significant Collection. Part C is supported by two Principles and 42 Benchmarks. Many tips and references are cited.
Click here to access the artwork (.pdf 77 kB) for the Significance International version of the Significance 2.0 Summary Card, and print off as many as you like!


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NFLRaidersSports
Redskins rough up Raiders, Flynn flounders
Jason Leskiw
Entering Sunday's game, the Washington Redskins had eight team sacks in three regular season games.
The Redskins left Oakland with 15 sacks as Matt Flynn led the Raiders to an agonizing 24-14 loss, scoring only one offensive touchdown against the league's second-worst defense.
Flynn (21 of 32 for 227 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT) may have gone from playing himself out a job in August to playing himself out of a job entirely.
After the game, Allen said he didn't consider playing McGloin, but he did offer up some emotion:
"That one hurt, that one stung. The way that we were able to start the game, block a punt and go up 14-0, then let them back in the game."
Tweets by @jLeskiwNFL
The only bright spots for the Raiders (1-3) were forcing turnovers on a blocked punt that became six points and a Washington (1-3) fumble that came on a Charles Woodson blitz.
The Raiders were without Terrelle Pryor, slated to start until he showed signs of sensitivity to light — a symptom consistent with the concussion he suffered in Week 3.
The second half left the Raiders without running back Darren McFadden, who left with a hamstring injury and fullback Marcel Reece following a knee injury.
Without the three, Oakland's offense disappeared, as did any fan support that Flynn may have had left.
An interception from Flynn was returned for a touchdown by Redskins rookie cornerback David Amerson late in the first half, putting the game within reach of Washington.
The Raiders would have no scoring answer in the second half and only five first downs during the 30-minute stretch.
Early in the game, the Raiders faced a fourth-and-one, which the team responded to by perfectly executing a fake punt, which only led to an actual punt just four plays later.
Allen and the vocal home crowd were not pleased by the lack of execution by Flynn, something Allen attributes to Flynn's small stature of six-foot-one:
"I don't think he saw the field very well today, I think he was part of the problem with the sacks that we gave up. It was a tough situation for him to go into, obviously with the loss of McFadden and Reece, that didn't help him out. Offensively, we didn't get it done."
Despite the lack of performance from Flynn, Allen said he never considered bringing in McGloin:
"I didn't feel like putting him in was the best option."
Replacing McFadden was second-string running back Rashad Jennings, who recorded his 1,000th career rushing yard on Sunday. Jennings finished the day with 45 rushing yards on 15 carries, adding another 71 yards through the air as Flynn's safety valve.
Menelik Watson is presumably going to practice during the week, something that is sorely needed as Khalif Barnes, who usually plays right tackle, has been the starting left tackle.
Jared Veldheer, who is the top left tackle on Oakland's depth chart, remains without an official timetable to return to practice.
Pryor was just shy of taking the field, and Allen said he wanted to be 100 percent certain that he was ready to play before sending him out:
"I just didn't want to have any doubt in my mind at all. After visiting with doctors, there was doubt in my mind and I wasn't going to put him in harms way. I wanted to do right by him."
Beyond the lack of vision that Allen said Flynn struggled with, there was a lack of awareness that was made clear on a drive that left the team at fourth and inches, perhaps even just one inch away from a first down.
A quarterback dive was called, and Flynn was unable to make those few inches with Redskins linemen falling all over him. It was a pivotal play in the game, one that the Raiders may have been able to rally around.
Allen was asked whether he thought the team should have kicked a field goal, to which he replied:
"It was fourth and inches. Alright? And we gotta be able to make inches. We hadn't been moving the ball up and down the field. To get a chance to be down there, where you can possibly get a touchdown, we gotta make inches."
The noticeably displeased and second year Raiders head coach tallied his fifteenth loss in Oakland, something that is generally a point of no return in the NFL.
While Allen has not had a star-studded roster to work with, his time on the hot seat may have arrived. But he may also have some wiggle room given the lack of possible replacements and the improvement that Oakland has shown on both sides of the ball.
A chance at redemption looms next Sunday against the San Diego Chargers, a division rival that Oakland has lost to 17 times since 2001.
Follow @SFBay and @JLeskiwNFL on Twitter and at SFBay.ca for full coverage of the Oakland Raiders.
NFL Oakland Raiders Washington Redskins
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Swift 3.0 stringFromStringNumberOrNil replacement not found. App gives error "Ambiguous reference to member 'value' or Ambiguous use of 'value'" In my previous app , we have used
let value = String.stringFromStringNumberOrNil(myProperty?.value)
valueLabel.text = value

In above code 'myProperty.value' was kind of 'Any' Class
When i am trying to convert the same code to swift 3.0 app cause error
I have wrote :
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or
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App Gives error :
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What should i do for this ?

A: Use Strings initializer
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let value = String(x)
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valueLabel.text = value

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dog bite cases differ from most other personal injury cases. Usually the animal's owner is "strictly liable" for the injuries caused. That means you do not have to prove negligence on the part of the owner.
Often the case focuses on the extent of the injury. Dog bite injuries can be extremely serious; both physically and emotionally. The scars can last a lifetime. Our lawyers will aggressively pursue all claims on your behalf to see that you are fairly compensated.


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The latest news, research, and strategic insights.
Home / News / Industry
Northstar Travel Group Names Matt Yorke Chief Digital Officer
Northstar Travel Group, parent company of Meetings & Conventions, has hired Matt Yorke as chief digital officer. Yorke is charged with advancing Northstar's portfolio of digital marketing capabilities and products, and enabling profitable revenue growth across all aspects of the business. He will oversee Northstar's strategic digital transformation, marketing services, digital product development, custom content solutions, audience development, customer data management and digital media sales.
"I have known Matt for several years as one of the most innovative and strategic leaders in the digital transformation of media and information companies," said Thomas Kemp, chairman and CEO of Northstar Travel Group. "We are very pleased that Matt is joining us to continue the market leading growth and digital transformation of Northstar."
Immediately prior to joining Northstar, Yorke was SourceMedia's chief marketing officer, responsible for marketing, marketing services, product innovation, ad operations and technology, and all media sales. Earlier in his career, he spent 15 years at tech media giant IDG, where he held numerous senior positions, including CEO of IDG Global Solutions and CEO of IDG Enterprise, tasked with transforming IDG into a modern, digital-first media company.
With more than 20 years' experience in media, marketing and technology, Yorke is recognized for his leadership; customer-focused approach; and keen sense of how technology trends impact customer habits, and in turn, marketers. He has received numerous awards and honors, including Folio Industry Pioneer 2017, the Folio: 40 as a C-level visionary in 2011, BtoB's Media Business 2010 Business Publishing Executive Innovator and Min's Social Media Superstar Award in 2009. Yorke also received the IDG Chairman's Award for Entrepreneur of the Year in 2011. "I look forward to joining the Northstar team and accelerating Northstar's already successful digital transformation," said Yorke.
Northstar also announced that Tom Cintorino, executive vice president of Digital Media, is leaving the company after nine years of exemplary service to launch an independent digital media consultancy. "We wish Tom all the best and will be one of his biggest supporters as he builds his own business," said Kemp.
Northstar is the owner of well-known brands including Travel Weekly, TravelAge West, Business Travel News, Successful Meetings, Meetings & Conventions, Travel Weekly China, Incentive, Travel Weekly Asia, M&C Asia, M&C China, and Web in Travel. The company produces more than 75 face-to-face events in 13 countries in the retail travel, hospitality, corporate travel, travel technology, sports travel and the meetings industries. Northstar also owns Burba Hotel Network, the producer of the ten largest hotel investment conferences in the world.
Incentive Update
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The Loop Newspaper - Tehachapi's Online Community News & Entertainment Guide
The Local Scene
Land of Four Seasons
By Linda Flores
Tech Trek attendees share their experiences
AAUW of Tehachapi
Grace and Caitlyn.
At a recent American Association of University Women (AAUW) meeting, two of the girls selected to attend Tech Trek this past summer shared some of their experiences. Tech Trek is a one-week STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) camp sponsored by AAUW. It's designed to develop interest, excitement and self-confidence in young women who will enter eighth grade in the fall. Tech Trek features hands-on activities in math, science and related fields.
Caitlyn Chitwood attended camp at UC Santa Barbara, and Grace Keller attended camp at CSU Fresno. Both are students at Jacobsen Middle School. The girls talked about their respective camps, including what a typical Tech Trek day was like. All campers are assigned STEM core classes that they attend daily.
Caitlyn enjoyed the ocean environment at Santa Barbara, where the campers were exposed to various aspects of marine biology. Her team project involved computer coding. Caitlyn said that she would like a career in science, although she hasn't decided on a specific focus. One of Caitlyn's highlights was hearing from women who have excelled in male dominated careers (such as engineering).
Grace's team project was building a hot air balloon. She said that she especially enjoyed the field trip to Calvin Crest Camp, near Yosemite, where the campers worked on team building activities. Grace loves to read and said that she would like to someday become a teacher. Both girls said that, in addition to learning, they made long-lasting friendships and memories.
AAUW, Tehachapi Mountain Branch, was able to send five girls to Tech Trek this summer due to the generous donations of AAUW members, as well as some local corporate sponsors. They include BHE Renewables, AST, Scaled Composites and Tammy Engel. We are hoping to again be able to send five girls to Tech Trek next summer. If you are interested in donating, or would like more information about the program, please contact Linda Flores at (661) 821-0621.
Beauty on the wing: the birds of winter
Locals assist Rotary with food delivery
Winter has arrived: how cold can it get in Tehachapi?
Valley Strong commits to helping local businesses through Paycheck Protection Program
Council elects new Tehachapi Mayor
The Loop Newspaper
206 S. Green Street
Tehachapi, CA 93561
© 2021 Hilltop Publishers


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Havana Syndrome Delays Kamala Harris' Trip To Vietnam; An Overview About This Illness
Aug 27, 202178 views
A mysterious illness dubbed "Havana Syndrome" has brought severe headaches, nausea, and possible brain damage to US diplomats. Moreover, US Vice President Kamala Harris delayed for several hours a trip to Vietnam after the US embassy in Hanoi reported a possible case involving "acoustic incidents" there, raising concern she could be a target.
It was the most recent of dozens of such cases reported by US diplomats and intelligence officers since 2016, first in Cuba, then in China, Germany, Australia, Taiwan, and in Washington itself.
~ Havana Syndrome symptoms
US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the State Department employees working at the American embassy in the Cuban capital in late 2016 were the first to describe the symptoms of the unexplained illness. They described hearing harsh mechanical sounds and/or experiencing uncomfortable pressure, as the sensation of driving fast in a car with one window partially down.
Some sufferers have said that when the symptoms first emerged, it felt like they were being hit with a beam of energy. Other problems like vision-related, hearing-related, and poor concentration have also been reported. In some cases, the diplomats faced pain and issues just in one location, like, feeling nauseous in a hotel room but nowhere else.
~ What could be the cause of Havana syndrome?
The cause of Havana syndrome remains unknown but experts believe it could be caused by either accidental or deliberate exposure to a toxic chemical or other agents. The most likely cause of Havana syndrome is assumed to be some type of mechanical device that emits ultrasonic or microwave energy.
~ How is Havana syndrome treated?
It can be treated by doing meditation, breathing exercises, or acupunctures.
https://www.livemint.com/science/health/havana-syndrome-delays-kamala-harris-trip-to-vietnam-what-s-this-mysterious-illness-11629960942402.html


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text:
package com.google.idea.blaze.base.lang.buildfile.psi;

import com.intellij.lang.ASTNode;

/** PSI element for an if part of an IfStatement. */
public class IfPart extends BuildElementImpl implements Statement, StatementListContainer {

  public IfPart(ASTNode astNode) {
    super(astNode);
  }

  @Override
  protected void acceptVisitor(BuildElementVisitor visitor) {
    visitor.visitIfPart(this);
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Résumé For statistical reasons a questionnaire was accomplished during the rainy and dry season in Serou (a small village) and Djougou (a town) which shows socioeconomics datas (like salery) and sociodemographic datas (like family status) for 180 households alltogether. Parameter, Attribute list: school, knowledge, status, salery, water organisation. Dataset created by IMPETUS subproject A4.
Strategie d'observation Two questionnaires were made during the rainy and dry season to get informations about socioeconomis and sociodemographic datas in 90 households. These datas were necessairy to find out same correlations between these aspects and water consumption.


River confluences often reveal differences in color between the two streams. According to Lynch, "the color of each river is determined by many things: type and amount of vegetation in the watershed, geological properties, dissolved chemicals, sediments and biologic content -- usually algae." Lynch also notes that color differences can persist for miles downstream before they finally blend completely.
A number of major cities, such as Lyon, Khartoum, and St. Louis, arose at confluences; further examples appear in the list. Within a city, a confluence often forms a visually prominent point, so that confluences are sometimes chosen as the site of prominent public buildings or monuments, as in Koblenz, Lyon, and Winnipeg. Cities also often build parks at confluences, sometimes as projects of municipal improvement, as at Portland and Pittsburgh. In other cases, a confluence is an industrial site, as in Philadelphia or Mannheim. Often a confluence lies in the shared floodplain of the two rivers and nothing is built on it, for example at Manaus, described below.
The River Swat empties into the River Kabul near Attock, in Pakistan.
The Sangam, near Allahabad, India, where the Yamuna flows into the Ganges.
Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, is where the Gombak River (previously known as Sungai Lumpur, which means "muddy river") flows into the Klang River.
The Jialing flows into the Yangtze at Chongqing in China. The confluence forms a focal point in the city, marked by Chaotianmen Square, built 1998. Visitors to the square behold a vast panorama of ships, bridges, skyscrapers, and people.
In the Far East, the Amur forms the international boundary between China and Russia. The Ussuri, which also demarcates the border, flows into the Amur at a point midway between Fuyuan in China and Khabarovsk in Russia. The point of the confluence is located in a rural area, part of China, where a commemorative park, Dongji Square, has been built; it features an enormous sculpture representing the Chinese character for "East". The Amur-Ussuri border region was the location of the Sino-Soviet border conflict of 1969; the borderline near the confluence was settled peacefully by treaty in 2008.
The two largest rivers in Australia, the Murray and its tributary the Darling, converge at Wentworth, New South Wales (see Gallery below for image).
Further upstream, the Marne empties into the Seine at Charenton-le-Pont, just southeast of the Paris city limits. The site is dominated by the Huatian Chinagora, a four-star hotel under Chinese management. See Gallery for image.
The Main River flows into the Rhine just south of Mainz, in Germany (see Gallery below for image).
Passau in Germany is sometimes called the Dreiflüssestadt (City of Three Rivers), because the Danube River is joined there by the Inn River from the south, and the Ilz River emerging from the Bavarian Forest to the north.
The Morava flows into the Danube at Devín, on the border between Slovakia and Austria (see Gallery below for image).
The confluence of the rivers Pivka and Rak is one of the largest subterranean confluences in Europe.
The Oka flows into the Volga at Nizhny Novgorod in Russia. The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral overlooks the site. See Gallery below for image.
The Ohio River is formed by the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The site is of great historical significance; in the 1970's it was upgraded by the creation of Point State Park, highlighted by a large fountain.
At Ottawa, the capital of Canada, the Rideau River flows -- unusually, as a waterfall -- into the Ottawa River; see Rideau Falls. On the island separating the two portions of the falls is a park with military monuments, among them the Ottawa Memorial.
The Green River flows into the Colorado River at the heart of Canyonlands National Park in Utah's Canyon Country. See Gallery below for image.
In Portland, Oregon, the Willamette River flows into the Columbia at Kelley Point Park, built on land acquired from the Port of Portland in 1984. See Gallery below for image.
Lytton, British Columbia, Canada, is located at the confluence of the muddy Fraser River and the clearer Thompson River (see Gallery below for image).
The term confluence also applies to the merger of the flow of two glaciers. For sample images, see Gallery below.
Confluence Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


It's just Proteus, a so-called Wave Adaptive Modular Vessel designed for everything from military uses to biological studies, ocean exploration and sea rescue.
MO noted the mysterious spider boat back in 2006: Spider Boat? What the heck is a 'Spider Boat'?
Damn, Nicholas…………….that's what I was going to say! LOL!
Since naval vessels are the only ones that routinely refuel at sea, can't just about any diesel vessels that crosses the Atlantic doing so on one load of fuel? Just asking.


See article by Theodore Butler at the end of this essay.
"What are they now, Andrew?
Once in a while, when you haven't checked the price on something for many years, you get hit between the eyes with sticker shock.
Last week, as an example, friends took my wife and me to the basketball game. It's no secret that pro basketball tickets are expensive, and the dinner I paid for before the game was also rich. It was after the game, when our friends wanted to stop for a drink, that I got another case of sticker shock. I haven't been in a downtown pub for two decades and I was only there now to be sociable. We ordered three mixed drinks and a beer. My wife slipped me two twenties and I was going to give the waitress one of them to cover the tab, but then I thought I might need some change and I gave her both twenties. A few minutes later she returned and handed me a dollar.
"Did you already take your tip out," I asked.
"Thirty-nine bucks," I exclaimed after the waitress left.
Nobody else seemed to think much of it, and I concluded it was an example of the kind of sticker shock you get when you don't keep abreast.
These little episodes only strengthened my opinion that the government misconstrues and misrepresents the inflation rate. It's currently much higher than they tell us and it has been for years. Furthermore, the pace of inflation is quickening. How else do you explain the dramatic escalation in costs of so many things? When I was a young man I sold insurance. An auto policy cost $100 a year. Now a family with a teenage son pays $500 a month. Health insurance for a family of four runs $600 a month. How can the government represent that we have low inflation?
That's not the only bogus economic statistic. It's hard to believe that the economy is growing when you hear daily stories of economic misery. We know a man and wife who both lost their jobs in the same week. The recruiter who specializes in their field told them there are no jobs and he will have to close his recruiting business soon. Our dentist, who specializes in root canals, put his $1.25 million home, in a posh, gated community, up for sale six months ago. He intends to move into a townhouse. Dentists who previously referred root canal patients to him are doing this work themselves because they need the business. We hear stories like this all the time, and when we interview new job candidates, we hear only about layoffs and contraction.
Talk to airline employees, travel agents, hotel and motel owners, ad agencies, cab and limo drivers, and you hear the same story. The government economists would dismiss this as apocryphal evidence, but to me these stories trump their statistics. Business spending is in the tank and it's weighing down the economy. With no good news on profits and megabillions funneling overseas, the chance of an upturn appears slim.
Federal Reserve board member, Ben Bernanke (of printing press fame), was in town last week. He said business spending would soon recover because corporations were restructuring debt. In other words, they were borrowing more. The problems afflicting the growing list of troubled corporations stem mainly from too much debt. The Federal Reserve seems to encourage adding debt to stay afloat. Mr. Bernanke also stated that consumers had improved their financial condition because they had borrowed against their home equity. One hopes the newspaper that carried this story misquoted what he said. The idea that you're better off through additional borrowing makes us wonder if the Federal Reserve has slipped its moorings.
The Fed, like everyone else on Wall Street and in Washington, continue to foster the illusion that all will soon be well. Yet the economic statistics tell a different tale. Unemployment continues to rise. Manufacturing weakens once again. Inflation at the wholesale level escalates alarmingly. The trade deficit hits a new record despite a weaker dollar. At a time when the world looks askance at our military role, and America's popularity wanes overseas, we flood the world with dollars. Since they don't like us, might they also begin to dislike the dollar?
The litany of our problems: low savings, falling profits, huge deficits, meager capital spending, overborrowing, falling markets, over-consumption and inflating, coexist with brand new geopolitical risk. If this helps provoke a faltering dollar, it could literally sink the American economy. We don't know the future. But there's a real chance of a financial crisis of such enormous magnitude that it dwarfs anything in history. The pieces are in place for a panic and crisis. The more you look at today's economic scenario the worse it gets. Now is the time to have 10% of your net worth in precious metals. We are on a slippery slope and losing ground. Remember that the government, with its gargantuan deficits, also guarantees, subsidizes and insures everything in sight. As the pain increases, they must expand the level of money and credit, or die trying.
The Fed and the government know only one prescription – raw inflating. If somehow they manage to turn the economy around, it will be by debasing the dollar. Under any future economic circumstance, precious metals should be the greatest beneficiary. It looks ugly going forward – depression or inflation, or perhaps both. Get over the idea that stocks are going to come soaring back. It's time to play defense, to hedge, to protect what you have and to offset the certain ravages to the dollar. Listen to our very modest advice to put 10% into gold and silver. It's quite possible that you're not going to get a second chance.
When I started this company over 30 years ago, the big name in silver was the Constitution Mint. Unfortunately, they guessed wrong in silver futures and went bankrupt. Many bullion dealers get caught up in futures trading and go broke. Frequently they take their customer's money and their metal down with them.
When gold started to rise in the late 1970s, my main competition was Jonathan's in Los Angeles. They would sell Krugerrands for a buck a coin markup and beat everyone's price. Jonathan even had his own radio program. When he eventually failed and was charged with a crime, I was not surprised. It's hard to run an honest business without charging enough to make a profit. That's why 90% of all coin dealers fail every decade. Invariably they take many of their customers down with them. I can count at least fifty coin dealers who have failed in the city of Minneapolis (and suburbs) since I began our business.
Another company that flourished in the silver business was Bullion Reserve. Everyone used to tell me how smart their president was. One time, a PR guy I knew in California called me to tell me how smart the Bullion Reserve president was. It was like, "too bad you're not as smart". It got old hearing about the guy. One day he brought his motorcycle inside his house, into his rec room. He hooked a hose up to the exhaust and ran it into his sauna where he sat until it killed him. When they audited the books, investors were out sixty million.
Then there were the Alderdice brothers in Fort Lauderdale. They operated International Gold Bullion Exchange. What a splash they made. They had a bunch of railroad ties in their vault painted gold that everybody thought was bullion. They sold gold 4% under spot, but they held the gold for six months. I knew it was a fraud from the get-go. I wrote the SEC, the State securities department of Florida, the Federal Commodities Trading Commission, the Wall Street Journal and Barrons, where they advertised, and numerous others. Nobody responded. Unfortunately, most of their customers never got any gold. The loss to investors was supposedly 200 million.
I mention all this because the other day a man called to tell me he bought 15 one-thousand ounce bars locally and the dealer was storing them for him. The chance of this dealer lugging around eighty-pound bars and actually having them in stock are remote. Time and again, I've heard these stories. I know the pitfalls because I've been asked to help hundreds of investors get their silver back, all to no avail. When the bullion market heats up, as it appear to be doing, the marginal operators spring up like poison mushrooms in the spring. And the established shops never seem to learn. You cannot name any other company that has survived for thirty years and continues to flourish in the bullion markets. Not one. Half the battle for us, and for you, is not doing anything stupid. Follow our advice closely and you will be okay. You will never ride the bullion markets up and then find out you have nothing, as so many have done before you. We are looking out for your interests and that's as straight forward as I can make it.
During the past three months the US Mint has reported sales of over five million Silver Eagles, the most, in my memory, of any three-month period in the seventeen-year history of the program. What makes these sales different is that the Mint has been buying silver on the open market, having depleted U.S. Government holdings for the first time in the country's history. It's hard to imagine a more bullish situation.
Confirming the strong retail silver demand is the position of the small trader in COMEX silver futures. Even after a 10% decline in price, the little guy is holding the largest net and gross long position in almost seven years. In the latest Commitment of Traders Report (COT), the small trader has become the largest long category, with a bigger long position (around 33,000 contracts or 165 million ounces) than the large speculator and commercial category. That's more than all the visible silver bullion inventory in the world, a situation that has never existed in any other commodity. It is incredible and unprecedented that the small trader is hanging so tough on the long side of silver. Unlike the mechanical, technical funds, who buy and sell purely on price signals, the small trader is looking at something else. My guess? He's looking at the real situation in silver on a supply/demand basis. The little guy has done his homework and is very well informed. In this case, I think the little guy is the smart money.
In my opinion, this strong retail demand and large futures position of the little guy just might bust the silver manipulation wide open. It is so much better that it is the little guy, rather than the big guys, doing the big buying. That's because the little guys are like an army of ants. They may swamp the big manipulative shorts. If a big long trader tried to muscle the market, he would be quickly put in his place by the authorities. But how do the authorities try to force the little guy out, especially after the CFTC wrote that anyone was free to buy and take delivery of COMEX silver if they thought the price was too cheap? These small traders are acting independently, after having done their homework. As a result of their study and conviction, the little guys are about to get a very good grade on that homework. Better than A+.


We're Jumping with the Creative Squad today with a post from Judi Kauffman. You can learn more about Judi from our Nice to Meet You blog post featuring her creative story and artwork. Judi is transforming some home decor items for us today and wow what a miraculous transformation indeed :) She is using my Downtown and Crackle stencils and this month's theme: Let's Jump! – The Creative Squad is joining the fun of Creative JumpStart 2019 this month. They're creating objects for the home, inspired by the CJS19 theme My Home is My Castle.
I loved the shape, so I bought a rather garish paper-covered trash can with teddy bears all over it. I tucked it under my sewing machine where it has served me well.
There it sat in all its pink and orange glory until this week, when it was time to start on my Home Décor project for Nathalie's Creative Squad January Challenge. Bye bye, bears! Hello, Downtown and Crackle stencils!
I gave myself a challenge within a challenge – to incorporate hearts, a shape usually thought of for Valentines and weddings, to create an offbeat, upscale, graphic design. Using a deep, rich, unexpected palette and stencils that helped take things to a new level made it easy to accomplish.
The hearts aren't immediately obvious, the overall effect pleases my eye. I'm almost sorry that the trash can is going right back under the sewing machine. Maybe I should use it for a big bouquet of dried flowers instead!
While I was at it, I wiped my brushes onto pieces of cardstock and stenciled on top of the brush marks. That gave me a second project – a mosaic style tray, an extra bonus.
To customize the project, pick a color palette that suits your décor. Alternatively, duplicate the project as shown by using the paints and Shimmer Sheetz that I chose. Either way: You will need two stencils (a graphic pattern plus a crackle pattern), metallic acrylic paint in two colors, black or white gesso, and Shimmer Sheetz that coordinates with the paints and gesso.
Freehand or die-cut hearts from Amethyst Gemstone Shimmer Sheetz in assorted sizes. Back the Shimmer Sheetz with double-sided adhesive sheet prior to cutting. Size of hearts is determined by the size and shape of the trash can. Keep the scraps for other projects. Note: I used the AccuCut GrandeMARK machine with standard cutting dies. If you use a Big Shot or other personal-size machine with thin dies, a metal adaptor plate is required– follow Els van de Burgt's YouTube tutorial for this technique. *While you're at it, stencil onto the cardstock that was wiped with paint in Step 1. Set aside stenciled cardstock to use for Tray.
Stencil the hearts with various sections of the Downtown Stencil using copper metallic acrylic paint. Randomly stencil with Crackle pattern in teal metallic acrylic paint. Allow to dry.
Arrange and adhere the hearts as shown or as you prefer. Note that many of the hearts have been cut where they move from one side of the trash can to the adjacent side, and some are cropped so they appear to extend at the top and bottom edges. This will not be necessary if using a round or oval trash can.
Find a tray with a glass insert or make one with a frame, handles, glass and sturdy backing. (Shown: Tea Tray from Sudberry House). Cut a background for the tray from metallic finish cardstock, carefully piecing together strips if the tray is larger than a single piece of cardstock.
Cut each piece of stenciled cardstock into four 1" x 4.25" strips and one 1.5" x 4.25" piece. Using the project photo below as a reference, piece together and adhere the 1.5" strips at the right and left sides of the tray, close to the handles. (This hides the seam where I joined bands of background cardstock.) Angle and trim the 1" strips to cover the remainder of the tray, leaving space between the strips for a mosaic effect.
*Instead of simple strips, cut the cardstock into square mosaic 'tiles' or randomly cut mosaic pieces.
Working on something yourself that you'd like to share? I love to see how you interpret our monthly themes. Email me how you used my stencils and stamps with the theme and email me an image – I would love to share your projects in my next "n*Spiration From Around the Globe".


Implementing is an article on artsy outfits for teens.
Nowadays you are able to find an extensive array of laptop bags for women on the web market. In addition, you'll want to prevent purchasing clothing that suits too snugly. Much of what you may get in the stores, you could also get from such pre-approved credit catalogues.


text:
When she fills out the census, Ms. de Lucena ticks the box for "negra." Her husband, Joacinei Ara�jo de Lucena, 48, has a black parent and a white one, just like she does, but identifies himself as "pardo," or brown. He insists that he, Ms. de Lucena and their two children are mixed � not one, not the other � and that mixed is a race of its own. Ms. de Lucena doesn't buy it. "N�o passou por branco � preto," she often says, often tells their teenagers: If you're not white, you're black.
Stephanie Nolen, "Brazil's colour bind," The Globe and Mail, July 31, 2015. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/brazils-colour-bind/article25779474/.
More cities add Barack Obama's name to landmarks, highways
Posted in Articles, Barack Obama, Media Archive, Politics/Public Policy, United States, Virginia on 2019-01-19 05:12Z by Steven
Chris Woodyard, Los Angeles Bureau Chief
LOS ANGELES – Barack Obama hasn't been the president for nearly two years, but his fame is still spreading – at least when it comes to naming things after him.
The nation's first African-American president need not go far around the country these days to find something that carries his name. There's Barack Obama Way in New Albany Township, Indiana, and Barack Obama Boulevard in Pahokee, Florida. There's a long list of schools now named for him, like Barack Obama Academy for Academic & Civic Development in Plainfield, New Jersey, and Barack Obama Elementary School in Richmond, Virginia.
Obama even has animal species named after him, like placida barackobamai, a sea slug…
Tags: California, Chicago, Chris Woodyard, Douglas Brinkley, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Los Angeles, New Jersey, New York, New York City, placida barackobamai, USA Today
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HERstory: Denomination to elect first Black, female leader
Posted in Articles, Media Archive, Religion, United States on 2017-07-11 01:53Z by Steven
Indianapolis Recorder
Ebony Marie Chappel
Rev. Teresa Hord Owens
Editor's Note: On July 9, the Disciples of Christ elected Rev. Teresa Hord Owens to lead the denomination. While Rev. Owens is the first Black woman to lead a mainline Protestant organization in a solo capacity, we failed to mention Rev. Denise Anderson. Anderson, a Black woman, was elected co-moderator of the Pentecostal Church (U.S.A.) last year alongside Jan Edmiston. This marked the first time that the P.C. (USA) elected women as moderators and elected two co-moderators of either sex. The P.C.(USA) traditionally elects a moderator and vice-moderator.
In a matter of days, Rev. Teresa Hord Owens will become the general minister and president of the Disciples of Christ. The appointment, pending an election on July 9 during the Disciples of Christ General Assembly in Indianapolis, will make Owens the first Black woman to lead a mainline Protestant denomination in North America.
"Her nomination represents an opportunity for us to continue the important transformation of the church," said Chris Dorsey, Disciples of Christ president of higher education and leadership ministries. "We seek to be a church that is more inclusive and more holistic, and she is the right person to help us do that."
Owens, a native Hoosier, was raised in Terre Haute and is a direct descendant of the free people of color who founded the Lost Creek settlement in Vigo County. She has been an active member of the Disciples denomination since she was a young adult, when she and her mother moved to Indianapolis and attended Second Christian, now known as Light of the World Christian Church…
Tags: Disciples of Christ, Ebony Marie Chappel, Indiana, Indianapolis Recorder, Teresa Hord Owens, Teresa Owens
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Mixing It Up: Students, professors reflect on the definition of mixed race in modern society
Posted in Articles, Campus Life, Census/Demographics, Identity Development/Psychology, Media Archive, United States on 2017-01-08 02:23Z by Steven
HiLite: Your Source For CHS News
Carmel High School, Carmel, Indiana
Allison Li, Calendar/Beats Editor, Feature Reporter
Junior Kiki Koniaris is Korean, Pennsylvanian Dutch and Grecian. Despite being of mixed race, Koniaris said she believes race should not define a person.
"I feel like (how you define yourself) should be based off of personal attributes in general," Koniaris said. "Because if you start defining everyone by race, then at a certain point, it becomes this idea that we separate ourselves based on race, and I think history has shown us that that's not the best idea. But with that being said, sometimes you want to say, 'I'm different from everyone else because this is how my culture worked out.'"
But while Koniaris said race shouldn't define people, the very recognition of people of mixed races is still relatively new in this country. In the 1967 Loving v. Virginia case, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down previous laws prohibiting interracial marriage. In 2000, the U.S. Census Bureau first allowed people to identify themselves. With those statistics in mind, in the just last 50 years, the population of people of mixed races has increased exponentially. According to a 2015 Pew Research study, between 2000 and 2010, the number of white and black biracial Americans has more than doubled, while people of white and Asian backgrounds have increased by 87 percent.
This inclusion of mixed races has led to societal changes, as well as some discomfort form those who discuss those changes. According to Matthew Hayes, assistant professor of political science at IU, when identifying people of mixed race, there has been a general accompaniment of 'politically correct' terminologies. That language comes both from those who are not of mixed backgrounds, as well as from those who are…
Tags: Allison Li, Carmel, Carmel High School, HiLite, HiLite: Your Source For CHS News, Indiana, Kiki Koniaris, Michael O'Toole, Noah Huber
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South Bend high school student behind race-based signs speaks out
Posted in Articles, Campus Life, Media Archive, United States on 2016-02-14 20:43Z by Steven
South Bend high school student behind race-based signs speaks out
WNDU TV 16
A local high school student says he's in trouble after he and two other students posted some controversial signs at Riley High School.
The signs stated "COLORED ONLY" and "WHITES ONLY," and they were placed above water fountains throughout the school.
Shane Williams, who says he's black, white, and Hispanic, told NewsCenter 16, "I put the signs up to help students to view legal segregation in a different form, for them to experience it themselves…
Read the entire story here.
Tags: Indiana, Riley High School, Shane Williams, South Bend, WNDU TV 16
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Indiana's Miscegenation Laws: An Ineffective Racist Agenda
Posted in Dissertations, History, Law, Media Archive, United States on 2013-10-23 01:55Z by Steven
Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
Megan M. Harris
An Undergraduate Honors Thesis (HONRS 499)
Miscegenation laws have played an influential and explanatory role in Indiana's perception and attitudes about interracial relationships. Indiana had stringent regulations against such unions, which existed for a large portion of the Hoosier state's history. Despite the unusually harsh legislations against these couples, interracial marriages continued to occur in Indiana. In fact, some multiracial communities, such as the Longtown Settlement, were created as safe havens for these couples. Although these laws were repealed in Indiana two years before the country abolished them nationwide in 1967, the state has had persistent attitudes against interracial marriage that couples must endure. In the face of the continual growth of such unions, local and national attitudes can be adjusted to greater social acceptance, especially with a clear understanding of the racism that underlies the previous miscegenation laws that outlawed interracial marriages.
Read the entire thesis here.
Tags: Ball State University, Indiana, Megan Harris, Megan M. Harris
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How Indiana Punishes Miscegenation
Posted in Articles, Law, Media Archive, United States on 2013-10-23 01:40Z by Steven
Terre Haute, Ind., May 20.—William Nelson, a colored man, was sentenced to-day to pay a fine of $5,000 and be imprisoned in the Penitentiary for one year for marrying a white woman. The prosecution originated in spite, but Nelson was convicted under the law of 1856, which Judge Long held to be valid through a decision of the Supreme Court.
Tags: Indiana, New York Times, Terre Haute, The New York Times, William Nelson
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In My Skin: Shaping the Multiracial Identity in Indiana
Posted in Dissertations, Identity Development/Psychology, Media Archive, United States, Videos on 2012-11-20 21:39Z by Steven
Earl L. Harris
A CREATIVE PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF ARTS
This project takes viewers inside the lives of multiracial individuals in Indiana through a 60-minute documentary. The state was broken into three parts, broken into Northern, Central, and Southern parts, with each having a person chosen to profile. This is done to educate, inform, and eliminate myths in place about multiracial individuals. Shown is how each deals with day-to-day life not always being understood or fitting in. Life is explored and documented as it happens, including interviews with individuals as part of the production in order to hear "in their own words" about experiences. Other key people, family, friends, co-workers, share thoughts on the multiracial individuals also. The goal is to capture life without affecting what happens.
Tags: Ball State University, Earl Harris, Earl L. Harris, Indiana
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As the mixed-race population grows, the stigma of the past fades
Posted in Articles, Census/Demographics, Media Archive, Politics/Public Policy, Social Science, United States on 2011-05-02 04:19Z by Steven
jcOnline.com (Journal and Courier)
Lafayette – West Lafayette, Indiana
Taya Flores
Gerald and Susan Thomas experienced a hurtful racial climate in Greater Lafayette when they dated during the 1970s.
A drive-by verbal assault in Lafayette early in their marriage is one Gerald still remembers today.
He said the couple was driving in a convertible when some white men called out a racial insult. "Those type of things happen. Fortunately, now I think it's more subtle," he said. "It's still there, but it's much more subtle than it was in the past."…
…There can also be discrimination from people who might not approve of a person's interracial parentage, said Carolyn Liebler, a University of Minnesota sociology professor who studies ethnicity.
That is more common among older generations.
Initially, Robinson's maternal grandparents did not approve of her parents' interracial relationship.
"I know my grandparents (mom's parents) didn't approve of my mom and dad being together, but once my (older) sister was born they accepted the fact," she said.
Some black-white biracials can penetrate the color line because they have white relatives. These relatives broaden the biracial's social connections and improve their access to resources such as good schools or employment networks, Liebler said.
These biracials tend to be better off than their minority counterparts but worse off than whites, according to Liebler…
For example, the percentage of black-white biracials who reported fair to poor health (13.4 percent) was closer to whites than blacks who had relatively poorer health.
However, the percentage for white-Asians (7.8 percent) was closer to Asians. But Asians had relatively better health than whites, according to a sociology study published online in the February edition of the journal Demography.
The research was conducted by Rice University sociologists Jenifer Bratter and Bridget Gorman. They used a seven-year (2001-2007) sample from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a national health survey, to examine differences in health as reported by participants.
Many social inequalities, such as poverty or health disparities, are passed down from generation to generation. Factors besides race, such as parents' occupation and family wealth, childhood upbringing and education, also play a role in a person's success, Liebler said. But racial stereotypes and discrimination have historically caused differences in these socioeconomic factors even among biracial people.
"This is not turning the world upside down. It's just sort of adding a nuance," she said…
Tags: Bridget Gorman, Bridget K. Gorman, Carolyn A. Liebler, Carolyn Liebler, Indiana, Jenifer Bratter, Jenifer L. Bratter, Lafayette Journal and Courier, Taya Flores
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Recasting the Tribe of Ishmael: The Role of Indianapolis's Nineteenth-Century Poor in Twentieth-Century Eugenics
Posted in Articles, History, Media Archive, Religion, Social Work, United States on 2011-04-23 03:53Z by Steven
Indiana Magazine of History
Volume 104, Issue 1 (March 2008)
ISSN: 0019-66737
Elsa F. Kramer
The Tribe of Ishmael is a biblically derived moniker for hundreds of impoverished late-19th-century immigrants in Indianapolis whose applications for unrestricted public relief during an era of organized charity reform brought them special attention from clergy, politicians, and social scientists. Rev. Oscar C. McCulloch, of Plymouth Congregational Church in Indianapolis, named the Tribe and made its members the focus of his campaign to reform charity and eradicate pauperism. McCulloch and other observers conflated the Tribe as a loosely organized, mixed-race band of vagrants whose lifestyles and intermarriages perpetuated crime, wanderlust, and dependence on charity. Records show, however, that many of the families migrated to the Midwest from eastern and southern states in search of freedom and opportunity, living in the city and holding jobs at least part of the year. A family pedigree study of the Tribe that McCulloch began in the 1880s eventually became valuable to civic leaders seeking public support for selective reproduction laws. Arthur H. Estabrook, a caseworker for the Eugenics Record Office 1910–1929 and a biologist with particular interest in mixed-race genetics, edited the Tribe of Ishmael materials after World War I for use in support of anti-miscegenation, compulsory sterilization, and other negative-eugenics-based legislation intended to prevent reproduction by individuals deemed degenerate, unfit, or feebleminded. This paper compares the rhetoric of Estabrook's edited and expanded version of the notes with McCulloch's original materials in order to demonstrate the ways both narratives were crafted to further social policy agendas.
And the angel of the Lord said unto her, Behold, thou art with child, and shalt bear a son, and shalt call his name Ishmael, because the Lord hath heard thy affliction. And he will be a wild man; his hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him; and he shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren.
Genesis 16:11–12
Rainy weather and muddy streets kept many of his flock home on Sunday morning, January 20, 1878, when Rev. Oscar C. McCulloch of Indianapolis's Plymouth Congregational Church delivered a sermon on the problem of the city's poor. Charity was not an unusual topic within his congregation, which practiced the Social Gospel of applied Christianity—"the alleviation, by physical and spiritual means," as McCulloch's daughter, Ruth, would later explain it, "of poverty, ignorance, misery, vice and crime." This particular lecture, however, reflected a change in his approach to welfare, away from almsgiving and toward the exclusion of applicants deemed unworthy of relief.
It was coincidence that had brought about this key shift in the well-known minister's attitude: According to McCulloch, his pastoral visits to the poor had acquainted him with the members of one family whose dire poverty so disturbed him that he sought to secure them emergency aid at the Center Township Trustee's office. There he learned, instead, of the family's—and their friends' and relatives'—long history of relief applications. At about the same time, he read a book about "the Jukes," a New York clan that reminded him of the family he visited in Indianapolis. The book's author, Richard L. Dugdale, a researcher interested in the causes of poverty and crime, had become curious about the frequency of family ties among inmates he encountered while inspecting county jails for the New York Prison Association. Although Dugdale's study of criminality among the Jukes (the fictitious surname by which he identified the clan) conceded that environmental factors were as influential as hereditary causes in "giving cumulative force to a career of debauch," McCulloch concluded that charitable aid targeted only at alleviating deficits such as hunger and homelessness encouraged the proliferation of degenerate families such as the Indianapolis clan, whom he labeled the Ishmaelites. He began to argue for compulsory social controls designed to prevent the "idle, wandering life" and "the propagation of similarly disposed children," and helped craft legislation to create the State Board of Charities and the Center Township Board of Children's Guardians. The collaboration he created between public and private charities infused the former—which gave relief without regard to an applicant's character—with the latter's strategy of giving based on moral merit. He reorganized the Indianapolis Benevolent Society as the Charity Organization Society (COS) and combined its efforts with those of Center Township relief caseworkers in order to identify citizens perceived to be making poverty their profession. Notes from interviews conducted and other public records gathered by these visitors of the poor were ultimately collected in McCulloch's family study, which was intended to provide evidence of "a constellation of degenerate behaviors—including alcoholism, pauperism, social dependency, shiftlessness, nomadism, and 'lack of moral control' " caused by inherited genetic defects and exacerbated by current charitable practice. The solution, McCulloch believed, was to "close up official out-door relief… check private and indiscriminate benevolence, or charity, falsely so-called… [and] get hold of the children."
McCulloch's renowned career as a progressivist minister and charity reformer was cut short by his premature death, at age forty-eight, in 1891. Although he had succeeded, by at least some estimates, in reducing the number of Indianapolis citizens receiving public and private relief, he did not live to see the unanticipated impact of his Ishmael study on eugenics, the emerging science of race improvement through selective breeding. His work, intended to reduce dependence on public welfare, continued for many years to be cited, with other family studies, as evidence of a need for legislative measures to compel mandatory sterilization of "mental defectives" and criminals. For McCulloch and others of his day, pauperism had in itself implied an inherited moral problem. The scientists who revised his Ishmael family documents in subsequent decades would emphasize his casual observations of individual feeblemindedness to support a more comprehensive agenda for social reform, one that included the institutionalization of adult vagrants, the prevention of any possibility of their future reproduction, and the segregation of their existing children—all to protect the integrity of well-born society's germ-plasm. McCulloch had sought to analyze and solve a social problem through historical narrative; his family studies were later presented as scientific data in support of a larger plan for genetically based social control. The transformation of the largely unscientific Ishmael study and its disparaging rhetoric into a tool in support of a Mendelian agenda for racial hygiene can be seen through a comparison of two sets of Ishmael notes. An examination of the first set, based on records gathered by McCulloch and his colleagues in the late nineteenth century, alongside the second, revised set prepared by biologist Arthur H. Estabrook at the Eugenics Research Office (ERO) of the Carnegie Institution at Cold Spring Harbor, New York, after World War I, reflects the changing social context in which the notes were first written and later edited and reveals the value of the concept of inbred deficiencies to civic leaders seeking public support for racial purity laws…
…Arthur Estabrook's interest in McCulloch's "three generations" of intermarried poor families originated during his term as an investigator for the Indiana State Committee on Mental Defectives (1916–18) and continued during his subsequent work on hereditable human traits at the Carnegie Institution's Eugenics Record Office (ERO), an organization founded in 1910 as a clearinghouse for data on human traits and heredity. Estabrook was especially interested in the traits of mixed-race groups and in the sterilization of "mental defectives." He presented reexaminations of the Jukes and the Ishmaels at the Second International Congress of Eugenics, held in 1921 at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. His work for the ERO also included The Nam Family: A Study in Cacogenics (1912, with Charles B. Davenport) and Mongrel Virginians: The Win Tribe (1926, with Ivan E. McDougle), studies that involved bi-racial and tri-racial individuals respectively. He represented the ERO in Virginia from 1924 to 1926 during an analysis of the issues in the Carrie Buck sterilization lawsuit, and served as the president of the Eugenics Research Association 1925–1926.
Estabrook's activities following his move to the ERO reflected the widening scientific acceptance of eugenics research and a consequent turn toward more aggressive advocacy, on the part of some scientists and social reformers, for strong measures such as sterilization. Such reformers typically presented compulsory sterilization and other eugenic programs as humanitarian in approach and economic in efficiency. Their studies correlated the increase in immigration to the United States (as well as the persistence of allegedly inferior, native-born descendants of families such as the Ishmaels) with statistics on crime and poverty. In their 1912 report on a rural Massachusetts family they called the Hill Folk, ERO biologists Florence H. Danielson and Charles B. Davenport asked: "Should the industrious, intelligent citizen continue in each generation to triple or quadruple his taxes for maintaining these defectives… or can steps be taken to… prevent the propagation of inevitable dependents?" Other scientists openly expressed concern about cacogenics, the deterioration of a specific genetic stock. British biologist and educator William E. Kellicott spoke on the scientific, ethical, and economic impacts of racial purity and implored his audience "to think of the future of our communities and nations and of our race, rather than contentedly to… parade with self-satisfied air through our glass houses of Anglo-Saxon supremacy." Dr. H. E. Jordon was even more to the point: "Unless some eliminating mechanism be installed the Anglo-Saxon race surely is doomed to the fate of the Greeks and Romans."…
…RACIAL INTEGRITY
Indiana's 1842 prohibition against miscegenation was still in force in the late 1800s to prevent the "amalgamation of whites and blacks." A person with one black great-grandparent was considered to be "colored" or "negro." Marriage between a white person and a person of more than one-eighth "negro blood" remained illegal in Indiana and many other states but some of the married couples recorded in the Ishmael study had apparently skirted those laws. Center Township notetakers often included descriptions of individuals' complexions in the charity records. The inclusion of these observations of hereditary makeup alongside information such as criminal background or marital history implied that race was somehow genetically linked to pauperism, a significant inference in a city where the "colored" population was growing rapidly. Some individuals are described as mulatto or octoroon while others have "a trace of Negro blood"; some are "very dark" or "swarthy." One married couple, he with "a trace" and she a mulatto, had a "funny little yellow boy." One woman who was "very white and possessed very regular features" had a sister whose "very fair white skin" struck the note taker as a strange thing to find in such a poor woman. Another woman, who lived with a mulatto man, "would have been a white woman had she used soap." A married couple lived on "a dirt street, with houses approaching the shack type, negroes and whites living together." One man was "a mulatto… born a slave in Virginia, but in some manner secured his freedom… His third and last wife was a very black woman. She had a little property and this was [his] motive for marrying her." Another man "was a mulatto but seems to have owned a little property." And another "was of much better mentality than his wife though not of average ability even for a mulatto."
Although ad hominem comments on race were deleted in the ERO Notes, there is no question that Estabrook resumed study of the Ishmaels in 1915 because of their perceived value to eugenic arguments on racial integrity. The materials he crafted in support of his theories on feeblemindedness for his 1921 presentation to the Second International Congress of Eugenics were archived at the Eugenics Record Office not under "Criminality" or "Mendicancy" (begging or vagrancy) but with files on "Race," listed between "Negro" and "American Indian–Negro." Where the Indiana Notes had attempted to document a causal relationship between pauperism and inbred degeneracy at the end of the nineteenth century, the ERO Notes emphasized the social and economic costs to twentieth-century society of unregulated procreation by the "extremely prolific" lower classes. "The underlying condition of the whole Tribe is seen to be feeble-mindedness," Estabrook asserted, which in poor conditions causes "the anti-social reaction of pauperism, crime, and prostitution."…
Tags: Arthur H. Estabrook, Charles B. Davenport, Elsa F. Kramer, Elsa Kramer, Indiana, Indiana Magazine of History, Oscar C. McCulloch, Oscar McCulloch
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Census Bureau Reports Final 2010 Census Data for the United States
Posted in Articles, Census/Demographics, Louisiana, Media Archive, Mississippi, Texas, United States, Virginia on 2011-03-25 02:15Z by Steven
The U.S. Census Bureau announced today that 2010 Census population totals and demographic characteristics have been released for communities in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. These data have provided the first look at population counts for small areas and race, Hispanic origin, voting age and housing unit data released from the 2010 Census. With the release of data for all the states, national-level counts of these characteristics are now available.
For each state, the Census Bureau will provide summaries of population totals, as well as data on race, Hispanic origin and voting age for multiple geographies within the state, such as census blocks, tracts, voting districts, cities, counties and school districts.
According to Public Law 94-171, the Census Bureau must provide redistricting data to the 50 states no later than April 1 of the year following the census. As a result, the Census Bureau is delivering the data state-by-state on a flow basis. All states will receive their data by April 1, 2011.
Highlights by Steven F. Riley
The United States population (for apportionment purposes) is 308,745,538. This represents a 9.71% increase over 2000.
The U.S. population including Puerto Rico is 312,471,327. This represents a 9.55% increase over 2000.
The number of repondents (excluding Puerto Rico) checking two or more races (TOMR) is 9,009,073 or 2.92% of the population. This represents a 31.98% increase over 2000.
The number of repondents (including Puerto Rico) checking TOMR is 9,026,389 or 2.89% of the population. This represents a 29.23% increase over 2000.
Hawaii has the highest TOMR response rate at 23.57%, followed by Alaska (7.30%), Oklahoma (5.90%) and California (4.87%).
California has the highest TOMR population at 1,815,384, followed by Texas (679,001), New York (585,849), and Florida (472,577).
Mississppi has the lowest TOMR response rate at 1.15%, followed by West Virginia (1.46%), Alabama (1.49%) and Maine (1.58%).
Vermont has the lowest TOMR population at 10,753, followed by North Dakota (11,853), Wyoming (12,361) and South Dakota (17,283).
South Carolina has the highest increase in the TOMR response rate at 100.09%, followed by North Carolina (99.69%), Delaware (83.03%) and Georgia (81.71%).
New Jersey has the lowest increase in the TOMR response rate at 12.42%, followed by California (12.92%), New Mexico (16.11%), and Massachusetts (17.81%).
Puerto Rico has a 22.83% decrease in the TOMR response rate and New York has a 0.73% decrease in the TOMR response race. No other states or territories reported decreases.
2010 Census Data for "Two or More Races" for States Above
# State Total Population Two or More Races (TOMR) Percentage Total Pop. % Change from 2000 TOMR % Change from 2000
1. Louisiana 4,533,372 72,883 1.61 1.42 51.01
2. Mississippi 2,967,297 34,107 1.15 4.31 70.36
3. New Jersey 8,791,894 240,303 2.73 4.49 12.42
4. Virginia 8,001,024 233,400 2.92 13.03 63.14
5. Maryland 5,773,552 164,708 2.85 9.01 59.00
6. Arkansas 2,915,918 72,883 2.50 9.07 59.50
7. Iowa 3,046,355 53,333 1.75 4.10 67.83
8. Indiana 6,483,802 127,901 1.97 6.63 69.02
9. Vermont 625,741 10,753 1.71 2.78 46.60
10. Illinois 12,830,632 289,982 2.26 3.31 23.38
11. Oklahoma 3,751,351 221,321 5.90 8.71 41.89
12. South Dakota 814,180 17,283 2.12 7.86 70.18
13. Texas 25,145,561 679,001 2.70 20.59 31.93
14. Washington 6,724,540 312,926 4.65 14.09 46.56
15. Oregon 3,831,074 144,759 3.78 11.97 38.20
16. Colorado 5,029,196 172,456 3.43 16.92 41.14
17. Utah 2,763,885 75,518 2.73 23.77 60.01
18. Nevada 2,700,551 126,075 4.67 35.14 64.96
19. Missouri 5,988,927 124,589 2.08 7.04 51.82
20. Alabama 4,779,736 71,251 1.49 7.48 61.28
21. Hawaii 1,360,301 320,629 23.57 12.28 23.63
22. Nebraska 1,826,341 39,510 2.16 6.72 64.95
23. North Carolina 9,535,483 206,199 2.16 18.46 99.69
24. Delaware 897,934 23,854 2.66 14.59 83.03
25. Kansas 2,853,118 85,933 3.01 6.13 52.10
26. Wyoming 563,626 12,361 2.19 14.14 39.15
27. California 37,253,956 1,815,384 4.87 9.99 12.92
28. Ohio 11,536,504 237,765 2.06 1.59 50.59
29. Connecticut 3,574,097 92,676 2.59 4.95 23.82
30. Pennsylvania 12,702,379 237,835 1.87 3.43 67.23
31. Wisconsin 5,686,986 104,317 1.83 6.03 55.94
32. Arizona 6,392,017 218,300 3.42 24.59 48.98
33. Idaho 1,567,582 38,935 2.48 21.15 52.04
34. New Mexico 2,059,179 77,010 3.74 13.20 16.11
35. Montana 989,415 24,976 2.52 9.67 58.78
36. Tennessee 6,346,105 110,009 1.73 11.54 74.32
37. North Dakota 672,591 11,853 1.76 4.73 60.22
38. Minnesota 5,303,925 125,145 2.36 7.81 51.25
39. Alaska 710,231 51,875 7.30 13.29 51.92
40. Florida 18,801,310 472,577 2.51 17.63 25.58
41. Georgia 9,687,653 207,489 2.14 18.34 81.71
42. Kentucky 4,339,367 75,208 1.73 7.36 77.20
43. New Hampshire 1,316,470 21,382 1.62 6.53 61.81
44. Michigan 9,883,640 230,319 2.33 -0.55 19.70
45. Massachusetts 6,547,629 172,003 2.63 3.13 17.81
46. Rhode Island 1,052,567 34,787 3.30 0.41 23.14
47. South Carolina 4,625,364 79,935 1.73 15.29 100.09
48. West Virginia 1,852,994 27,142 1.46 2.47 71.92
49. New York 19,378,102 585,849 3.02 2.12 -0.73
50. Puerto Rico 3,725,789 122,246 3.28 -2.17 -22.83
51. Maine 1,328,361 20,941 1.58 4.19 65.58
52. District of Columbia 601,723 17,316 2.88 5.19 71.92
Total (with Puerto Rico) 312,471,327 9,026,389 2.89 9.55 29.23
U.S. Population 308,745,538 9,009,073 2.92 9.71 31.98
Tables compiled by Steven F. Riley. Source: United States Census Bureau
# State Total Population Two or More Races (TOMR) Percentage
1. Louisiana 4,469,976 48,265 1.08
2. Mississippi 2,844,658 20,021 0.74
3. New Jersey 8,414,250 213,755 2.54
4. Virginia 7,078,515 143,069 2.02
5. Maryland 5,296,486 103,587 1.96
6. Arkansas 2,673,400 35,744 1.34
7. Iowa 2,926,324 31,778 1.09
8. Indiana 6,080,485 75,672 1.24
9. Vermont 608,827 7,335 1.20
10. Illinois 12,419,293 235,016 1.89
11. Oklahoma 3,450,654 155,985 4.52
12. South Dakota 754,844 10,156 1.35
13. Texas 20,851,820 514,633 2.47
14. Washington 5,894,121 213,519 3.62
15. Oregon 3,421,399 104,745 3.06
16. Colorado 4,301,261 122,187 2.84
17. Utah 2,233,169 47,195 2.11
18. Nevada 1,998,257 76,428 3.82
19. Missouri 5,595,211 82,061 1.47
20. Alabama 4,447,100 44,179 0.99
21. Hawaii 1,211,537 259,343 21.41
22. Nebraska 1,711,263 23,953 1.40
23. North Carolina 8,049,313 103,260 1.28
24. Delaware 783,600 13,033 1.66
25. Kansas 2,688,418 56,496 2.10
26. Wyoming 493,782 8,883 1.80
27. California 33,871,648 1,607,646 4.75
28. Ohio 11,353,140 157,885 1.39
29. Connecticut 3,405,565 74,848 2.20
30. Pennsylvania 12,281,054 142,224 1.16
31. Wisconsin 5,363,675 66,895 1.25
32. Arizona 5,130,632 146,526 2.86
33. Idaho 1,293,953 25,609 1.98
34. New Mexico 1,819,046 66,327 3.65
35. Montana 902,195 15,730 1.74
36. Tennessee 5,689,283 63,109 1.11
37. North Dakota 642,200 7,398 1.15
38. Minnesota 4,919,479 82,742 1.68
39. Alaska 626,932 34,146 5.45
40. Florida 15,982,378 376,315 2.35
41. Georgia 8,186,453 114,188 1.39
42. Kentucky 4,041,769 42,443 1.05
43. New Hampshire 1,235,786 13,214 1.07
44. Michigan 9,938,444 192,416 1.94
45. Massachusetts 6,349,097 146,005 2.30
46. Rhode Island 1,048,319 28,251 2.69
47. South Carolina 4,012,012 39,950 1.00
48. West Virginia 1,808,344 15,788 0.87
49. New York 18,976,457 590,182 3.11
50. Puerto Rico 3,808,610 158,415 4.16
51. Maine 1,274,923 12,647 0.99
52. District of Columbia 572,059 13,446 2.35
Total (with Puerto Rico) 285,230,516 6,984,643 2.45
United States 281,421,906 6,826,228 2.43
Tags: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, United States Census Bureau, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
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On our last visit Top Car deposit was €550 if you don't take their full insurance ! The deposit used to be 250 but that increased to 350 in March and now 550 , why ? They have lost me as a customer as i am not happy with this size of deposit. So probably will go with Payless or another , they are all similar price for the hire anyway . Any reccomendations ?
PlusCar is the one to go for, no excess, no queues, no silly fuel policy.
I haven't used TopCar/AutoReisen for 2years, but they were fantastic when I did, I can only imagine they need a sizeable deposit to ensure they aren't out of pocket when an accident occurs which is unsurprising given their low prices and therefore surely relatively low margins.
Why on earth would you pay a deposit on a car rental. I have used Cicar for years and only ever paid on pick up with a genuine All Risks package. The fuel policy is simple, return it as you take it, no problem.
We have used Top Car Autoreisen for at least 20 Car hires. As someone else said they split from Autoreisen. We have always paid a deposit and it has always been refunded. Just won't be booking with them again , what would be the benefit of increasing the deposit ?
We used Top Car AutoRiesen many times until last September ('17) yes the refundable deposit had gone up ok but then they wanted cash not CC as the hire was for more than 4 weeks and the hassle handing the car back was a pain has you had to queue not just hand the key in.
We changes to Plus car who were fantastic so recommend them for our trips in Dec Feb & June.
Also recommend insurance4carhire.com £39 for a years cover in Europe for excess reimbursement.
I would 2nd insurance4carhire.com, I have taken out a policy twice as it's always cheaper to have 12 months with them then just taking a week from a hire company. I have an EU policy right now and I previously had worldwide.
You should check them out Ron, never taken the fully comprehensive insurance form the hire company unless it's free, like it was previously with Topcar/Autoreisen when I used them two years ago.
I can thoroughly recommend Payless as an alternative.
Have had nothing but exemplary service from them and have never paid a deposit for the car or fuel.
Car is always in good condition, well cleaned and usually minimum of 1/4 tank of fuel, usually more.
Pay the on-line quoted rental cost for the car on your credit card or in cash in arrivals hall, re-fuel to the same level on return and drop the keys off without any hassle.
Have just booked again for our December trip - Fiat Panda for €126 for 11 days inc. full insurance.
ah I see, the belt and braces approach!
I have looked at Ryanair linked car rental deals, they state "won't find cheaper". Have seen offers with BUDGET and Ryanair also say "free car hire if found cheaper".... The Polo is about £20 cheaper than we paid Topcar. So whats Budget like ? Anyone else use Ryanair to book ?
Ryanair deals with the major players, who generally will have high excess amounts. If you were unhappy with TopCar's €550 excess deposit, you won't like Budget's excess deposit, which is €1950 for a Polo. And you'll still have to go through the rigmarole of checking the car for scratches etc on pick-up and again on return. With PlusCar, you'll pay about the same as Ryanair's best price, but there's no excess, no queuing, no stupid fuel scams, no extra insurance to buy.
It's just worth pointing out here, that Topcar and Autoreisen may, or may not, be part of the same company. I don't claim to know.
However their booking systems, rates and payment / deposit etc aspects are completely different.
No deposit asked for. 20 days hire 224.29 euro, charged £200 precisely. Claim 'no excess'. Return with same petrol. Swept sand out as well as possible, left the El Cotillo patina in place, though.
One week on, no problems or charges. Very happy.
Tip. Autoreisen seem to have two separate booking sites (with different prices), both with same name. One seems to link to emails, one to searches. Try both.
That was my experience as well suendrob, it's been a couple of years but I remember I booked on the autoreisen website because it was the cheapest at the time.
Top car and Autoreisen separated into 2 different companies some time ago now. The terms and conditions are, imo, much worse with Top Car. We too usually use Autoreisen, who are excellent although last month we used Cabrera Medina (Cicar) as their prices were, for once, very near to Autoreisen.
they tried to hold our deposit for damage that was already done to the car, we took photos and videos of all the damage before we paid for it, the guy hiring it said it would be best to do that and a passer by said you will need that as we where taking the pics!
fortunately we always pay the deposit by credit card and the card issuer refunded us after we showed the evidence.
Back again , paid the €500 deposit for the last time. What site do we need to book Autoreisen ? Do you have to pay deposit ?
Excellent outfit and very much better and straightforward terms than Top Car. No deposit required, same set up as Cicar book and pay on arrival. Funnily enough they have the desk right next door to Top Car on the concourse at the airport.
Booked with Autoreisen for our Sept trip. Cancelled our Top Car booking saying it was because their deposit is too high. They offered to reduce it to €300. Still cancelled it.


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No schools are currently non-operational.
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text:
Delhi HC Dismisses...
Delhi HC Dismisses Plea To Declare 'Vande Mataram' National Anthem Or National Song
26 July 2019 9:11 AM GMT
The Delhi High Court on Friday dismissed a plea seeking direction to the Centre to declare 'Vande Mataram' the national anthem, at par with "Jana Gana Mana", or the national song. A bench of Chief Justice D N Patel and Justice C Hari Shankar said it finds no reason to entertain this petition, while exercising its powers under Article 226 of the Constitution. "We see no reason to...
The Delhi High Court on Friday dismissed a plea seeking direction to the Centre to declare 'Vande Mataram' the national anthem, at par with "Jana Gana Mana", or the national song.
A bench of Chief Justice D N Patel and Justice C Hari Shankar said it finds no reason to entertain this petition, while exercising its powers under Article 226 of the Constitution.
"We see no reason to give direction to the respondent (Centre) to declare Vande Mataram as national anthem or national song," the bench said.
During the hearing, when the bench pointed out that 'Vande Mataram' was already the national song and the petitioner must be aware of it, Upadhyay said this is the "gap/vacuum. It is not the national song and my prayer is that either it be treated as the national anthem or the national song by way of notification".
The plea, filed by BJP leader and lawyer Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay, wanted that 'Vande Mataram', written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, be given the same respect as the national anthem, 'Jana Gana Mana' penned by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
In his plea, Upadhyay had said that the national song played a vital role in the Independence movement and was first sung in a political context by Rabindranath Tagore at the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress.
"Both the 'Jana Gana Mana' and 'Vande Mataram' have to be equally respected. The sentiments expressed in 'Jana Gana Mana' have been expressed keeping the State in view.
"However, the sentiments expressed in 'Vande Mataram' denote the nation's character and style and deserves similar respect," the petition had contended.
It had sought a declaration that 'Vande Mataram' shall be honoured equally with the song 'Jana Gana Mana' and shall have an equal status with it.
Apart from that, the petition had also sought a direction to the central government to frame a national policy to promote and propagate both the national anthem and the national song.
It had also urged the court to direct the government to ensure both songs are sung in all schools on every working day.
This is not the first time such a petition has been moved in the high court.
In October 2017, a PIL was filed in the Delhi High Court seeking a direction to treat the national song at par with the national anthem.
The court had dismissed the petition after the central government had opposed the plea saying 'Vande Mataram' occupies a "unique and special place" in the psyche of Indians but it cannot be treated at par with 'Jana Gana Mana'.


text:
A Guide to Lanternflies of Borneo RM95.00
A Guide to Beetles of Borneo
Scientifically, beetles belong to the Coleoptera, an insect order characterized by a pair of hard wing cases or elytra. These are believed to be the single most important feature that has contributed to the evolutionary success of beetles. These strong elytra grant the beetle an amour-like protection: when stepped on over soft ground, it is quite likely to be pushed unharmed into the mud, whereas other insects would be crushed. Beetles are also generally characterized by their biting mouth-parts. The word 'beetle' actually comes from the Middle English word 'bityl' or 'betyll' meaning 'little biter'.
It could be said that the Creator must have been very fond of beetles. Or at least it would seem so because more than 400,000 species of insects are beetles, a significant two-fifths of all six-legged creatures. In comparison, there are a mere 44,000 species of vertebrates and some 250,000 species of known plants. Their diversity is not only evident in number, but also size, colour, pattern, form, as well as strategies of behaviour, defence, reproduction, and adaptation, already much appreciated since the time of the Pharaohs. Indeed, we live in the Age of Beetles!
Beetles are certainly important to study if we are to understand the diversity and ecology of insect fauna in various tropical habitats. Although somewhat diverse and ubiquitous in terrestrial habitats, they are less commonly encountered than moths, butterflies and ants. This is mainly because more than 95% of beetles are less than a centimetre long and they are often not found in swarms as one species like ants. Many are only active at night.
Borneo's mesmerising natural biodiversity is made up of very many species, including beetles, and very many are also endemic or confined to this island. It follows that it is virtually impossible to attempt including all beetles in the present account. This pictorial guide covers more than 150 beetle species, including some of the most captivating or even inspiring forms known. To foster better awareness and showcase the high diversity of tropical beetles, we feature some large and interesting beetles as well as others commonly encountered in Borneo. More than a third of those featured in this book are endemic to Borneo.
Foreword vii
What is a Beetle? 8
Beetles from a Global Perspective Life Cycle of Beetles 13
Food and Feeding Habits of Beetles 16
Protective Habits of Beetles 18
Importance of Beetles in the Tropical Ecosystem 20
A Selection of Species 25
Further Reading 229
Acknowledgements 230
Photo credits 231
A Guide to Beetles of Borneo quantity
Arthur Y.C. Chung, C.L. Chan, Steven Bosuang
SKU: B096 Categories: Borneo Wildlife, Insects
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