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Cámbrico Winery
Blanca Paz García García
A few weeks ago, I published an article about the Sierra de Salamanca P.D.O. and its wines Rufete, a Hidden Jewel in a Land of Century Vines post belongs to a series dedicated to the wineries of the region. Today we're taking a look at the Cámbrico winery.
Hidden in the middle of the mountains of Villanueva del Conde, in perfect harmony with the surrounding Natural Park Las Batuecas, you will find the Cámbrico winery. In only two decades, the wines of this winery have become recognized as some of the best in the province.
In 1999, Fernando Maíllo began his venture into winemaking after becoming fascinated by the personality of the mysterious Rufete grape. This variety is attractive due to its uniqueness and elegance. The Rufete grape is reminiscent of the delicate profile exhibited by Pinot Noir, and its floral aromas suggest Gamay. These characteristics hint at Rufete's French heritage. Around the 11th century, the region, known as the Sierra de Francia (French Mountain Range), was inhabited by the French. This lead to its modern name, although the P.D.O. was named the Sierra de Salamanca (Salamancan Mountains) to avoid confusion in the international markets. The French planted the Pinot Noir variety, which after many years of adaptation, evolved into Rufete, while maintaining characteristics of its French origin.
The owners of Cámbrico, neighbours from the mountain village of Sequeros, understood the area's potential to produce quality wine. The microclimate, the diversity of soils, the old vines, and a gem needing some polish, the Rufete grape, were sufficient ingredients to give faith to their project.
The Cámbrico winery is partially underground, sorrounded by the Villanueva del Conde Mountains
The first vines to be incorporated into the Cámbrico winery were the century vines of the "El Pocito" vineyard, which were on the verge of being lost. Twenty years later, this continues to be Cámbrico's main vineyard. However, the winery team has restored vines from three other areas, experimenting with different soils and broadening the varieties with other local classics: Calabrés (considered by many to be a Garnacha clone) and Aragonés (an adaptation of a Tempranillo clone).
The clayey granite soils of the region impart a uniqueness to Cámbrico's wines. In fact, it is from these soils, formed during the Cambrian period 500 million years ago, that the winery draws its name. These soils produce intense, complex and structured wines with notable acidity, pairing perfectly with local cuisine.
Vines between 60 and 110 years old produce fruit with high intensity and concentrated aromas. The 13 hectares under vine at Cámbrico are bush-pruned, terraced vines divided into 130 plots. These vines are located over 800 meters above sea level, allowing the grapes to retain acidity through to maturity. The resulting freshness culminates in well-balanced wines, giving them the elegance for which the wines of the Sierra de Salamanca are known.
The care and attention given to the grapes is demonstrated during harvest, which is done by hand. Harvest is done in several passes, allowing each grape to be taken at optimal ripeness.
The team at Cámbrico is a faithful defender of their land. They work using ecological methods such as recycling pomace and using sheep manure as fertilizer to provide nutrients to their vines.
Cámbrico has always had a commitment to the environment and produces ecological wines
Despite the prominence of Rufete in La Sierra, other local varieties have recently gained favour. Cámbrico has especially focused on Calabrés. Although it is officially considered a Garnacha clone, a genetic study which is currently underway will determine if it should be classified as its own variety. This notion is supported by the fact that Calabrés has a peculiar profile in the Sierra de Salamanca.
The Cámbrico team began working with 40kg micro-harvests of Calabrés as a way to explore its potential. Fernando Maíllo was fascinated by its pronounced acidity, notes of rose and intensity on the palate. To produce wines that displayed a full expression of Calabrés, old vines were grafted with Calabrés scions. As of today, they still only produce 400kg of this grape due to the limited production of the old vines, maintaining high quality.
The terroir of Sierra de Salamanca also produces Aragonés, a Tempranillo clone. The vineyards produce grapes with a less robust and meaty character than other areas of Spain. In the Sierra de Salamanca, Aragonés is used in varietal wines as well as blends.
A recent project underway in the winery is focused on the production of wines made from the Rufete Blanco grape. This variety, only officially recognized a few weeks ago (May 2020), is found exclusively in the villages of the P.D.O. Wines made from Rufete Blanco exhibit a characteristic unctuous texture and good body. Citric and floral aromas integrate harmoniously with toasty and creamy notes, developed under oak. These wines have surprised and satisfied the palate of the most demanding wine critics. In only a few years of production, Cámbrico's Rufete Blanco variety has already found its way into the cellars of the most prestigious restaurants in the country.
To understand the wines of Cámbrico, Pressing Affairs recommends:
Rufete Granito El Pocito (2014)
This is the most distinctive wine of Cámbrico. It displays the character of Rufete and the potential of the old vines of the Sierra de Salamanca. This varietal wine is characterized by intensity and freshness. The tannins, although present, are smooth and agreeable. A notable acidity rounds off the experience. The wine is produced from the El Pocito vineyard, Cámbrico's first, located in the village of Villanueva del Conde. The vines are terraced in a way that favours the growth cycle, and their elevation between 700 and 800 meters helps retain acidity, providing some protection from warm summer nights. This vineyard was replanted in 1902 and the grapes display intensity and concentrated aroma, a key factor for bottle aging.
During harvest, multiple passes allow grapes to be collected at optimal maturity levels. The wine is aged for 15 months in 300 or 500 litre French oak barrels. During this time, fruity and flower aromas integrate with the toastines, spiciness and vanilla notes of the oak.
Cámbrico Tempranillo (2009)
This wine represents a character unique to Tempranillo wines from the Sierra de Salamanca. The granite soils of the region impart an expressive delicateness to the Aragonés grapes.
Aromas of red fruit, plum and fig give way to cocoa and sweet spices imparted during the oak aging. This is a full bodied wine with silky tannins.
The fermented must is stored in stainless steel. Malolactic fermentation takes place in 300L French oak barrels. Finally, the wine is aged for 26 months of 300 or 500L French oak, where structure is added and the flavour profile is rounded out.
575 Uvas (2017)
575 Uvas is Cámbrico's contribution to the classic blends of the Sierra de Salamanca. Calabrés accounts for 20% of the blend, and adds floral aromas and pronounced acidity, while 74% Tempranillo provides medium body and noteworthy tannins. A small percentage of Rufete adds a touch of freshness that the variety is known for.
The grapes in this blend reach optimal ripeness around mid-August, making them some of the first to be harvested at the winery each season. Old vines in the municipality of Villanueva de Conde produce small, concentrated bunches. Granite and slate soils result in a touch of depth and minerality. In the cellar, the wine is aged for 13 months in 300 and 500L French oak barrels, introducing spicy and toasty notes. 575 Uvas is an excellent pairing option for the province's well-known cured meats, or Morucha beef, a cattle breed originating in Salamanca.
Morucha beef has had its own Indication of Origin since 1995
Viñas del Cámbrico. Rufete Blanco (2016)
This wine is a result of Cambrico's dedicated work to show wine lovers the uniqueness of the Rufete Blanco grape. A smooth texture and medium-plus body give way to a broad spectrum of flavours and sensations. White flowers, stone fruit and minerality notes show the Rufete Blanco character. Toasty notes and anis provided by the oak are integrated elegantly without hiding the grape's own personality. This wine is an excellent way to introduce a grape with a long history, but which was only recently officially recognized.
In the words of Fernando Maíllo,
Owner of Cámbrico Winery
What drew you to this area and convinced you to dedicate your career to producing wines in the Sierra of Salamanca? I was born in the Sierra de Francia. Since childhood, I have known the special flavours of all the fruits and vegetables of this area. After working a few years in the wine sector, I recognized the enormous potential of the vines here.
What makes the Rufete variety so unique and so tightly linked to La Sierra? It is not only unique due to its scarceness, but also for its particular winemaking characteristics. It's been grown in the Sierra de Francia for centuries, is almost exclusive to the area, and it's the main variety here. This is due to careful selection over countless generations.
The star of this region is Rufete. However, how important are Calabrés and Aragonés in your wines? They both allow us to make wines of very different styles, but which still compliment Rufete varietals, and they're both interesting and unique, especially Calabrés. With Aragonés (Tempranillo), we are able to make excellent wines coming from very old vines in certain vineyards.
What can wine lovers look forward to in the mysterious Rufete Blanco? How do you expect its future to develop on the national white wine scene? It's an interesting and unique grape. It has structure and intensity. With Rufete Blanco, we make highly-regarded wines that are available on the wine lists of restaurants such as Arzak, Martín Berasategui, Gambara, Akelarre and The Ledbury.
What's the relationship amongst the wineries in the P.D.O.? Very good. We work together to ensure that the quality of all the wineries in the P.D.O. is the highest possible. In reality, it's something that undoubtedly helps the prestige of the area and benefits us all.
To finish, can you recommend a food pairing for one of your white and red wines? For Cámbrico, Rufete el Pocito I recommend grilled mushrooms, ideally Boletes (from the Boletus genus) or Caesar's Mushrooms (Amanita caesarea) foraged locally. Our white has lots of structure and I recommend oysters, rice, red tuna or cured ham.
For more information about Cámbrico visit www.cambrico.com
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Vinos La Zorra
"Una deuda moral con nuestros mayores y una pasión: hacer vino" este sentimiento fue la inspiración de Agustín Maíllo que le llevó a fundar La Zorra.
Bodega Cámbrico
Escondida en la montaña en Villanueva del Conde y en perfecta armonía con el entorno del Parque Natural de las Batuecas se encuentra la Bodega Cámbrico.
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DFPC Series [Reference]
Date Added: 01/22/2020 by Matjaz Kaltnekar, Slovenia
I admit being a little late to the party. The DFPC Series power cables have been in the meantime replaced by the C-MARC power cables. But better late than never.
While I could never dream to own such an expensive power cable as the DFPC Reference at an original price of 1.824 USD, since my whole system consists of components in the 2.500 EUR range (Marantz SA14S1 SE and PM14S1 SE by the late famous audio guru Ken Ishiwata and B&W 805S speakers connected by Siltech Classic Anniversary 330L loudspeaker cables), I am very pleased that by the price reduction I could upgrade from the Original to the Reference range.
Since I listen mostly to female vocal jazz like Patricia Barber, Jacintha and Melody Gardot, I prefer a certain sound – let's call it a seductive midrange. I abhor shrill highs and don't really need an extra deep bass, since the B&W 805S don't go below 46 Hz. I prefer stand mounted loudspeakers like the 805S over floor standers since they "disappear" better in the room. A precise stereo image is also very important to me.
So much for the introduction. Now to the first impressions. Thank God I have been informed of the long burn-in time by Mr. Motek as the first sound was one of very shrill highs. I usually use Patricia Barber's song The Thrill is Gone from Cafe Blue for checking cymbals and the double bass. The cymbals were very zingy or should I say glassy. While listening to the double bass I had the impression of listening to a bass guitar like Santana's. The imaging that before was very directional, came out from just the speakers. I said: "OMG, what have I done. Buying something without prior auditioning." The fact about getting 70% of the final sound during initial listening referred to by an article about burn-in by Mr. Motek seemed very far-fetched. Thankfully that is why a 30-day money-back guarantee exists.
But I knew I had to persist. I let it run through the whole night and another day and on the third day the image nicely opened up. The same song with the title The Thrill is gone should be renamed to The Thrill has returned since Patricia Barber's voice now gave me goosebumps. The instruments were settling down nicely an octave or two, my wife even commented that maybe the piano sound was even a little bit too dark. But for me the sound was just perfect and I was in seventh heaven.
A perfect example was A Taste of Honey from the same CD. It starts with the guitar. I have never heard the fingering of the strings as clearly as that evening. When Patricia started to sing, it was really a taste of honey. After that the drums joined the guitar and as I have already said I really don't need a super deep bass. What has gotten to me, was the uncanny rhythm of the bongo drums. I couldn't help myself to start tapping with my foot to the rhythm of the drums.
Another singer that always gives me goosebumps is Jacintha. Moon River from her CD Autumn Leaves is a perfect example of her seductive voice. It is supposed to be a cappella singing. Only if you listen very closely you can hear a piano in the back of the hall during the first 2:20 minutes. The LessLoss DFPC Reference power cables with its quiet background have produced these details as no power cables before.
Jacintha's bonus track from the same CD Here's to Life is a brilliant performance by Jacintha and the famous jazz pianist Kei Akagi. By the sound of it I could swear it was a Steinway. Only the best power cables bring out the texture of the piano like this. I am not sure if I can describe this correctly, but the note from the hammer strike on the piano string takes much longer to decay than with previous power cables giving the music a much more powerful presentation. There is some theory involved with this - you can google it under "Modelling the Decay of Piano Sounds". I am more and more amazed how many more details I get out of the same recordings that I have thought I knew so well.
Now for my final impressions after two weeks of burn-in. I have a sampler CD Ballads in Blue from Enja Records where for testing purposes I usually listen to the first two songs by Melissa Walker (A Time for Love) for the piano and Dusko Goykovich (No Love Without Tears) for the trumpet. I usually jump over the next songs to the last song by Chet Baker (I Fall in Love Too Easily) for his unusual voice where I never know if it is really a man singing or is it a mezzo-soprano voice like Ella Fitzgerald. Also the trumpet and string instruments (orchestra) are very nicely recorded. As it is a live recording it starts with applause. You can always hear a cables time coherence by listening to hands clapping or fingers snapping. With lesser cables the image is very diffuse, it seems to come more from the loudspeakers as from a central audience. Here you can really feel like you are sitting in the audience
Now for the piece de resistance. Before that last song there is a piano recording by Abdullah Ibrahim (Eleventh Hour) which I usually jump over during testing as there has been nothing special to the recording until now. Now for the first time I could really appreciate why Enja Music have put this song on the sampler. There are some cymbals which until now were all seeming to come from the same space in the recording. Now for the first time I could hear that there were actually 3 distinct directions (very close but nevertheless in separate space). I have read something like that in one review but I always take such reviews with a grain of salt. Now I can really understand what the reviewer was trying to convey. There are some authors that swear they can identify a brand of cymbals like for example the Zildjians from other cymbals. I am not nearly that far but the same as with piano notes I can distinctly hear the longer reverb/decay of the cymbal strike. Also in the piano you can hear the pedals being pressed, the very details that have been missing until now.
Also all the shrillness that I have heard on the first day has gone out of the recordings. The cymbals have now the right sound, the brushes don't sound like sandpaper any more. The trumpet still has the brassy sound that I love so much and the piano has a very lifelike appearance.
Let me say at the end that I am very thrilled by the improvement the power cables have made to my system. I have spent a lot of money on my system already but this was one of the best investments I have made until now.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Endurance - Energy Gels - Big Brands, Warehouse Prices!
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Depending on the product you choose, Energy Gels keep hydration levels stable while Citrates help speed the conversion of carbs into energy. Essential amino acids, act alongside the citrates, neutralizing lactic acid build-up in muscles.
Gels are further mixed with water to achieve an isotonic solution best for quick absorption. And when mixed with protein, is beneficial for assisting recovery, while added caffeine gives you that extra kick.


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L'année 938 est une année commune qui commence un lundi.

Événements
 Au début de l'année, le roi Louis d'Outremer assiège la place forte de Montigny dans le Soissonnais, tenue par le brigand Serlus. Appelé par Artaud de Reims, il fait le siège de la citadelle de Laon, récemment construite par Herbert II de Vermandois, et en vient à bout à l'aide de machines de siège.
 28 juillet : Thankmar, demi-frère du roi Otton  de Germanie, est tué à la bataille d'Eresburg en luttant contre son frère Otton  de Germanie.
 Révolte des féodaux contre Otton  de Germanie, dirigée par Thankmar, demi-frère du roi, Henri, frère du roi, rejoint par Wichmann, frère d'Hermann Billung, Gislebert de Lotharingie et le duc de Franconie Eberhard (fin en septembre 939).

 Ngô Quyền bat les Chinois à la bataille du Bạch Đằng, les rejette hors du Nord du Viêt Nam et fonde la première dynastie nationale.
 Partage de la Bourgogne au traité de Langres entre Hugues le Noir, Giselbert de Chalon et Hugues le Grand. Tous les trois conservent le titre de duc de Bourgogne. Hugues le Noir prête serment de fidélité au roi de Francie occidentale Louis IV d'Outremer.
 Conrad III de Bourgogne, menacé par le roi d'Italie Hugues d'Arles, se met sous la protection du roi Otton .
 Deux armées hongroises attaquent la Saxe mais sont repoussés au Sud à  et au Nord à .

Fondations en 938
 Abbaye d'Aldeneik

Naissances en 938

Décès en 938

Notes et références

Liens externes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Everything you need to know to navigate the city!
Arriving by plane
The Edmonton International Airport (code YEG) serves international, national, and regional airlines. It is located about 30 km (19 miles), or 30–40 minutes from downtown. There are a few options to get to and from the airport:
1. Hire a taxi: Fare from the airport to the city centre is about $50. Fares to other locations are charged by a zone (not metered) rate.
2. Ride the Sky Shuttle: This service is available to or from various locations all over the city, but must be booked in advance by visiting edmontonskyshuttle.com or calling 780-465-8515. A one-way trip is $18.
3. Jump on public transit: Local bus 747 is $5 and runs from the Century Park LRT Station daily.
4. Rent a car: The following major car rental companies are located on Level P1 of the parkade.
Alamo: 1-877-222-9075
Avis: 1-800-879-2847
Budget: 1-800-661-7027
Enterprise: 1-800-261-7331
Hertz: 1-800-263-0600
National: 1-800-227-7368
Arriving by train
The VIA Rail station is located at 12360-121 St., and is where you can catch The Canadian east to Saskatoon, Winnipeg, or Toronto, and west to Jasper, Kamloops, and Vancouver.
The Red Arrow pulls in downtown at 10014-104 St. and 5116 Gateway Blvd.
The EBus—with service to Red Deer, Calgary, Fort McMurry, and Anzac—also stops in multiple locations throughout the city, as does Leduc's C-Line Transit.
Edmonton is located on the QE2 running north to south, and the Trans-Canada Yellowhead Highway running east to west.
Note: A Distracted Driving Law is in effect for all of Alberta, which makes reading, texting, hand-held cellphone use, and GPS programming illegal while operating your vehicle.
Navigating the city
By Light Rail Transit (LRT): The LRT has stations throughout the north, central, and south areas of the city, giving you easy access to venues like Rexall Place, Commonwealth Stadium, and the Jubilee Auditorium. Fares are $3.25, and are good for 90 minutes after time of purchase.
By bus: There are multiple buses travelling all over the city. Fares are $3.25, and are good for 90 minutes after time of purchase.
By taxi: Taxis are usually available at hotels, shopping centres, and major event venues. It is usually quicker to call for service than to hail a taxi in other locations.
Yellow Cab: 780-462-3456
Barrel Taxi: 780-489-7777
Prestige Cab: 780-462-4444
Prestige Limousine: 780-463-5000
By car: Edmonton's roadways are numbered in a grid pattern, the first digits of an address indicate the nearest cross street. Avenues run east to west, and streets from north to south. Odd numbered buildings are on the east side of the street and the south side of the avenue.
By bike: Bike rentals are available at River Valley Adventure Co. and are the perfect way to explore the city centre, and the city's extensive trail system.
• Visit Edmonton Tourism's Welcome Centre (open Monday to Friday from 9 am – 4:30 pm) in the World Trade Centre, 9990 Jasper Ave. for maps, brochures, and advice on how to best explore the city.
• Pick up a copy of WHERE Edmonton Magazine at your hotel, or flip through the digital edition online here.
• The legal drinking age in Alberta is 18.
• Edmonton is in the Mountain Time Zone.
• Diners should be advised that a 15–20 per cent tip is considered standard at all restaurants.
• Standard retail hours during the week are 10 am – 9 pm, with some smaller boutiques closing earlier. Most shops and malls have different hours on Sundays.
Numbers to note
AMA Road Reports: 1-877-262-4997
City of Edmonton Attractions (within city limits): 311
Local Telephone Info: 411


The techniques used can be applied to any number of other pictures. I certainly use them regularly.
Making your own brushes is great fun and, if you don't know, there are lots of tutorials out there telling you how to do it. This one is quite large (around 500 px square) but can obviously be resized right down to very small.
On a layer above the body I painted in the eye using a small round brush.
I realise that the same effect can be achieved on one layer by changing the mode of t he brush itself - I just find doing it this way is less trouble.
Once I was happy with the T-Rex I merged the layers onto the body so that I had only the Background and Body layers.
At each main stage I saved the file anew before working on the next stage, which is why I still have all the stages to use for this tutorial. And that's it! I realise that there are many other ways to do the job - this just happens to be the way I worked on this picture. I hope it is of help.


Athletes are prepared for the competitions by head coach of kurash team, Honored Trainer of Uzbekistan and World Champion Olimdzhon Khaitov. Having started under his instructions intensive trainings in April of current year, the Turkmen kurash wrestlers have been perfecting their technique and developing unique combat tactics. The coach pays special attention to the development of moral and strong-willed qualities in athletes.
According to sports commentators, the main opponents of our men's team, composed of 14 young wrestlers, will be athletes from Uzbekistan, Iran and Tajikistan. Athletes of the women's national team of 16 girls are to have very hard fights with wrestlers from Uzbekistan, Thailand, Taipei and Mongolia.
Murad Kurbanov, the senior coach of Turkmenistan kurash team particularly singled out three kurash wrestlers,who became the backbone of the team. They are silver medalists of the previous Asian Games in Incheon Muhammet Temirov (73 kg), Serdar Jumiyev (81 kg) and Ayna Jumakuliyeva (57 kg).
Among the youngest members of our team are senior school pupils Gozel Karimbayeva (78 kg) and Yulduz Adizova (87 kg) of Lebap, as well as Anna Dmitriyeva (87 kg) from the city of Mary. Yulduz is the judo and kurash champion of Turkmenistan, and Anna is the vice-champion of the country in these sports.


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Fundamental biomolecular techniques
2012 Lasker~Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science
Explore All 2012 Winners & Awards >
Donald D. Brown
Carnegie Institution for Science in Baltimore
Tom Maniatis
Basic Award
Clinical Award
Public Service Award
Special Achievement Award
Award Presentation
Acceptance Remarks
Award Video
For exceptional leadership and citizenship in biomedical science—exemplified by fundamental discoveries concerning the nature of genes; by selfless commitment to young scientists; and by disseminating revolutionary technologies to the scientific community.
The 2012 Lasker~Koshland Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science honors two individuals for their exceptional leadership and citizenship in biomedical science. Donald D. Brown (Carnegie Institution for Science in Baltimore) and Tom Maniatis (Columbia University) have made numerous fundamental discoveries concerning the nature of genes and have contributed in substantial ways to the scientific community. Brown has demonstrated selfless commitment to young scientists by founding and leading the Life Sciences Research Foundation, an inventive partnership that provides postdoctoral fellowships to some of the world's most promising researchers, and he mentored a generation of scientists at the Embryology Department at the Carnegie Institution. Maniatis created the quintessential Molecular Cloning manual — based on his own pioneering work — and thus spread revolutionary technologies into a multitude of laboratories across the world.
Brown's interest in genes sprouted in medical school, when he began wondering how embryos develop. At the time — in the mid-1950s — scientists had mapped out that process's anatomical features, but its molecular underpinnings remained opaque. When Brown launched his independent research program, he boldly decided to delve into the details. By studying embryos that die at a particular early developmental stage — when new ribosomes, cellular protein factories, start accumulating — Brown, in collaboration with John Gurdon (Lasker Basic Medical Research Award, 2009), discerned that a structure called the nucleolus performs a crucial job for the cell: It manufactures structural RNAs of the ribosome (ribosomal RNAs, or rRNAs).
During the first few days of development, frog embryos don't make ribosomes; rather, they use the stockpile that the egg endowed to them. No one knew how a single cell could churn out so many protein-making factories. Brown and Igor Dawid (and, independently, Joseph Gall; Lasker Special Achievement Award, 2006) showed that frog eggs create extra rRNA genes. Thus, the researchers had unveiled the first example of gene amplification, a process that underlies events outside of embryonic development as well; for instance, it fosters runaway growth of drug-resistant cancer cells.
These amplified genes provided a plentiful source of rRNA genes that Brown could isolate and study. He supplied purified 18S and 28S rRNA genes to Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen for use in their classic 1974 work that opened the study of eukaryotic genes to recombinant DNA technology (Lasker Basic Medical Research Award, 1980).
When this new era arrived, Brown used the methods of recombinant DNA to analyze a small rRNA, 5S RNA. He discovered a region in the middle of its gene that unexpectedly governs production of the RNA — the first known 'internal control region'. This observation led to Robert Roeder's (Lasker Basic Medical Research Award, 2003) purification of a protein that binds to this sequence and thus allows the enzyme that copies DNA into RNA to choose its target — the inaugural example of a gene-specific eukaryotic transcription factor.
Brown's isolation and purification of the 5S RNA gene relied upon the fact that it is repeated many times. In contrast, no tools existed for separating a single-copy protein-coding gene — or its corresponding messenger RNA (mRNA) — from the rest of the genome or the bulk of mRNAs.
Maniatis took key next steps to solve this problem. One way to save a genetic sequence — whether it's RNA or DNA — is to put it into a form that can be introduced into a living cell and reproduced there. In the mid 1970s, Maniatis and collaborators Argiris Efstratiadis and Fotis Kafatos tackled this challenge. They chose the mRNA of the rabbit β-globin gene because they knew that most mRNAs in red blood cells encode this hemoglobin subunit. Then they devised ways to perform all of the enzymatic manipulations necessary to make a collection — or library — of DNA copies of mRNA molecules, called cDNAs, from the red blood cells and fish out the globin cDNAs. Unlike today, when researchers order enzymes from catalogs and they are delivered a few days later, the team had to purify all of the necessary reagents from raw materials.
Their β-globin gene was the first full-length cDNA molecule isolated. They sequenced it, and their results established that the process of cDNA cloning did not introduce genetic errors, an essential feature for using the new recombinant DNA technology in the ways scientists imagined. Maniatis had thus established generally applicable methods for constructing cDNA libraries and for retrieving any sequence of interest.
He subsequently made the first complete human 'genomic' DNA library — containing all of the genes in an organism — whose sequences included regulatory sequences and other DNA regions that do not provide a template for protein. In addition to supplying genomic clones for the entire biomedical research community, this monumental task yielded a standard technique that laboratories everywhere used for many years.
Maniatis then isolated the first eukaryotic genomic DNA for a protein-coding gene and identified numerous genetic defects that underlie the inherited human illness β thalassemia. Some of the changes in single DNA letters cause the cell to splice out entire chunks of protein-coding regions. He had exposed — for the first time — disease-associated 'point' mutations that cause aberrant splicing.
Maniatis devised many additional innovations that have driven key advances in molecular biology and has used them to make numerous landmark discoveries.
Exemplary citizenship
Brown's and Maniatis's contributions to the research enterprise have extended far beyond their seminal scientific findings. In 1979, James Watson (Lasker Basic Medical Research Award, 1960) asked Maniatis to bring his techniques to the community by teaching a course at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory — and Maniatis generously agreed. Its tremendous success spurred Maniatis and postdoctoral fellow Edward Fritsch to turn the course manual into a book. With Joseph Sambrook, they did so. Soon people all over the globe who studied myriad cellular processes were using it. Their Molecular Cloning manual, first published in 1982, sold 62,000 copies, and that number jumped to 95,000 in the second edition.
In different ways, Brown stimulated and bolstered biological research. He conceived and founded the Life Sciences Research Foundation (LSRF), an organization that honors excellence and potential in young investigators by awarding them prestigious postdoctoral fellowships. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology, Brown realized that biology would play a central role in pharmaceutical research and reasoned that companies would want to give something back to the system that enabled their success. Through his relentless efforts on an annual basis over the past 30 years, Brown has persistently tapped into this funding source as well as foundations and philanthropists to sustain the program. LSRF boasts 450 current fellows and alumni, many of whom have gone on to highly successful scientific careers.
In addition to helping seed the world with bright young scientists, Brown built a top-notch biology research program at his home institution. As Director of the Department of Embryology at the Carnegie Institution between 1976 and 1994, he created a scientifically diverse and stimulating environment, the quality of which is especially impressive given the department's small size. When Brown left the directorship, five of eight laboratory heads were members of the US National Academy of Sciences. Two of the remaining three would later join that society and one of them would win the Nobel Prize.
by Evelyn Strauss
Key publications of Donald D. Brown
Brown, D.D. and Dawid, I.B. (1968). Specific gene amplification in oocytes: Oocyte nuclei contain extrachromosomal replicas of the genes for ribosomal RNA. Science. 160, 272-280.
Brown, D.D., Wensink, P.C., and Jordan, E. (1971). Purification and some characteristics of 5S DNA from Xenopus laevis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 68, 3175-3179.
Brown, D.D. (1973). The isolation of genes. Sci. Am. 229, 21-29.
Sakonju, S., Bogenhagen, D.F., and Brown, D.D. (1980). A control region in the center of the 5S RNA gene directs specific initiation of transcription: I. The 5′ border of the region. Cell. 19, 13-25.
Pelham, H.R.B. and Brown, D.D. (1980). A specific transcription factor that can bind either the 5S RNA gene or 5S RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77, 4170-4174.
Brown, D. D. and Cai, L. (2007). Amphibian metamorphosis. Dev. Biol. 306, 20-33.
Key publications of Tom Maniatis
Maniatis, T., Kee, S.G., Efstratiadis, A., and Kafatos, F.C. (1976). Amplification and characterization of a β-globin gene synthesized in vitro. Cell. 8, 163-182.
Maniatis, T., Hardison, R.C., Lacy, E., Lauer, J., O'Connell, C., Quon, D., Sim, G.K., and Efstratiadis, A. (1978). The isolation of structural genes from libraries of eucaryotic DNA. Cell. 15, 687-701.
Ruskin, B., Krainer, A.R., Maniatis, T., and Green, M.R. (1984). Excision of an intact intron as a novel lariat structure during pre-mRNA splicing in vitro. Cell. 38, 317-331.
Palombella, V.J., Rando, O.J., Goldberg, A.L., and Maniatis, T. (1994). The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is required for processing the NF-κB1 precursor protein and the activation of NF-κB. Cell. 78, 773-785.
Thanos, D. and Maniatis, T. (1995). Virus induction of human IFN-β gene expression requires the assembly of an enhanceosome. Cell. 83, 1091-1100.
Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., and Sambrook, J. (1982). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
Award presentation by Michael Brown
The Lasker~Koshland Special Achievement Award is "special" because great science is only the ante. The winner must have done something special to advance science itself, hopefully by helping young scientists.
This year, the Lasker Jury was deadlocked. Two candidates soared high above the rest. Both deserved the award. Even Joe Goldstein couldn't break the deadlock. So we will break tradition instead. Today we present two Special Achievement Awards — to Don Brown and Tom Maniatis.
I begin with Don Brown. After graduating from medical school in Chicago, Don was seduced by the siren of science. What better place for seduction than Paris, where Don studied with the legendary Jacques Monod. In 1960, Don joined the Department of Embryology at the Carnegie Institution in Baltimore, and he never left. He directed the department for 19 years.
The Carnegie Department of Embryology was formed at Johns Hopkins in 1913. For 50 years, the department was known for descriptive studies of primate development, but there was no mechanistic insight. While being seduced in Paris, Don realized that genes were the keys to embryology. Soon, genes would be understood not as abstract mathematical entities, but as living strands of nucleic acids that could be dissected with the tools of chemistry. At Carnegie, Don hand-picked a young faculty that shared his mechanistic view. His tiny faculty never numbered more than 11, yet they produced much of our current molecular understanding of development. Nearly all of Don's recruits earned worldwide recognition. In turn, they trained hundreds of fellows. Already, many are household names.
Don's own science led the way. Even before recombinant DNA, Don isolated the first animal gene (from a frog), and he showed how it is turned on and off during development. He isolated the first protein that controls this expression, opening the field of transcriptional regulation. He also told us how hormones cause a tadpole to lose its tail when it turns into a frog. Don Brown is universally recognized as among the most pioneering of 20th-century biologists.
But Don did much more. Heroically, single-handedly, and selflessly, he created the Life Sciences Research Foundation, a national fellowship program that has financed the training of 456 of the most accomplished scientists of our era. In 1982, Don realized that pharmaceutical companies rely on biologists trained in universities. Don said, "It is time that companies put money into the pot." They should pay to train the next generation. But companies don't part with their dollars easily. So Don took up his tambourine and his tin cup and he began to beg for donations.
I can attest to Don's persistence. In 1996, I joined the board of Pfizer. The first person to call with congratulations was Don. Quickly he said that I was now able to insist that Pfizer funds at least one fellowship every year. And Don didn't stop there. Each year for the next 16 years, he called and prodded me to renew my efforts. If he called me so often, Don must have called at least a 100 people each year, selflessly begging for donations — not on his own behalf — but only to support the next generation.
The Life Sciences Research Foundation has little overhead. Don does not take a penny in salary. Nor do the fellowships support his institution. Selection as an LSRF fellow is one of the highest honors a young scientist can earn. Don Brown is the Mother Teresa of American science, and he clearly merits the Special Achievement Award.
Don's co-recipient is Tom Maniatis, whose scientific credentials also reign supreme. As a post-doc, Tom joined a young whiz kid, Mark Ptashne, at Harvard, where he showed how regulatory proteins can bind to DNA and block its transcription into messenger RNA. Later, Tom rose to the top of faculty ranks at Harvard.
I view Tom as the obstetrician of recombinant DNA. Like most obstetricians, Tom wasn't present at the conception, but he did manage the delivery. Conception occurred in California, when Herb Boyer and Stan Cohen inseminated a frog gene into bacteria. Incidentally, the frog gene was the one that was isolated by Don Brown. For this seminal achievement, Boyer and Cohen shared the the Lasker Basic Science Award in 1980. But this technology could not deliver on its promise until human genes could be isolated. This was where Tom delivered. First, he isolated the first full-length DNA copy of a human messenger RNA — the one encoding the beta-globin component of hemoglobin. He surpassed his own triumph when he created the first bacterial library of human genes. Whereas Boyer and Cohen had inserted just one frog gene, Tom inserted the entire human genome. Then he showed how to fish out specific genes from this library. He showed how globin genes are arranged in tandem on human chromosomes and how genomic rearrangements give rise to hereditary anemias. All of this was breakthrough stuff that mesmerized the scientific community.
Tom went on to make many other paradigm-shifting discoveries, particularly in RNA splicing and innate immunity. Suffice it to say that Tom's pure scientific contributions would qualify him for any award.
But the Special Achievement award requires something else. Tom made two special contributions. The first involves his gene library. With consummate generosity, Tom gave his library freely to any scientist who wished to isolate a human gene. Just think of it. Tom had the whole human genome in his freezer. He could easily have kept it to himself, using it to patent large chunks of the human genome. Instead, he gave it away. Indeed, Tom's library was the ultimate source for nearly all of the human genes that were isolated over the next 10 years.
Tom's final special achievement was even more generous. The methods for introducing genes into bacteria were complex. Only a handful of scientists could do it. Tom realized that the new methods could be disseminated only by training young scientists. So he took two approaches. First, he organized courses at Jim Watson's summer camp on the Sound. Tom lectured prolifically, providing detailed instructions. But the courses were limited to a few dozen students. To disseminate his methods, Tom and two colleagues wrote a guidebook: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Published in 1982 by the Cold Spring Harbor Press, it was a molecular biologist's cookbook. It outlined all of the procedures to isolate genes and produce their products. In the 1980s, a visitor to any molecular biology laboratory anywhere in the world would find a well-worn copy of this manual opened on the desk of every graduate student and postdoctoral fellow. If Don Brown is the Mother Teresa of science, then Tom Maniatis is Julia Child.
Now I hope you can see why the Lasker Jury could not distinguish between Don and Tom. They both made revolutionary discoveries. But they did more. Each of them sacrificed himself to pave a path for young scientists to follow. Don and Tom are both special, and they both deserve the Lasker~Koshland Special Achievement Award.
Nature Medicine Essay
Acceptance remarks, 2012 Lasker Awards Ceremony
What a thrill it was to receive a phone call one morning in June from Joe Goldstein and how deeply grateful and honored I am to receive this award.
Two important themes have influenced my 50 years in science. The first is independence. For me, the fun of doing science has been to be my own boss, and any pleasure that I have had as an administrator of science has been running interference for colleagues following their own visions. I have been fortunate to work at the Carnegie Institution for Science for my entire career, where independence is encouraged and supported.
My second theme is the importance of young scientists in research. The simple lesson that research is best done by young people guided me as director of our department to set up independent positions for new PhDs. It has been rewarding to watch them develop their careers. My interest in young scientists is partly responsible for founding the Life Sciences Research Foundation, an international postdoctoral fellowship agency whose goal has been to support the very best young scientists at their most productive time. The history of LSRF goes back to 1980, when molecular biology inspired by the new recombinant DNA technology was poised to revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry. These discoveries were made at nonprofit institutions paid for by the government mainly through the extramural grant programs of NIH. The companies that would commercialize these new methods did not discover them. Is there a better example of the role of government generating an entirely new industry? I expected that companies would have a new interest in the biological research carried out in universities and research institutions. After some thought and consultation, we started a simple postdoctoral fellowship agency that I hoped would be sponsored by the very pharmaceutical companies poised to benefit from these discoveries. Over the last 30 years, LSRF has supported 456 fellows. We have never had endowment, so we solicit sponsors every year. These sponsors include research-oriented companies, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, a variety of foundations, one government agency, and several philanthropic scientists. One of the rewards for running the Life Sciences Research Foundation has been calling the winners to deliver the news. Their ecstatic reaction to my phone call says a lot about our line of work. Consider what they are so thrilled to receive: The princely salary is $42,000 for a beginning fellow with a PhD, who is usually over 30 years old and probably has a family. These fellows have competed successfully for the privilege of working night and day. The enthusiastic response of these budding superstars makes me proud to be part of the scientific profession.
My scientific career has spanned a transformative period in biomedical research. I was ten years old when Watson and Crick published the structure of DNA, and by the time I was in high school, the basic outlines of how DNA is replicated and transcribed were known, and the genetic code had been cracked. However, as a teenager growing up in Denver, Colorado, molecular biology was a far-away world for which I had no knowledge.
My father was a Denver fireman, the son of a Greek immigrant, and my mother a housewife and daughter of a Missouri farmer of Irish ancestry. My father wanted me to follow in his footsteps, but my mother had higher expectations. She was therefore delighted when my high school chemistry teacher detected a faint intellectual spark in me and encouraged application for a tuition scholarship at the University of Colorado at Boulder. I was surprised when I received an acceptance letter and a scholarship of $300 per semester: in-state tuition at the time.
When I arrived in Boulder I decided to major in chemistry, but also became interested in biology. Initially the only biology courses available were in the Zoology Department, and I was required to take courses that required massive amounts of rote memorization. I was stuck, as I was bored by zoology and had decided I did not want a career in chemistry. However, two events occurred that changed the direction of my life. First, while browsing through the bookstore I came upon Jim Watson's Molecular Biology of the Gene, an elegantly written and illustrated book that captured a spectacularly exciting mix of genetics, biochemistry, and structure. This book introduced me to a new and exciting field of biology. Second, in my junior year, the university established a new initiative in molecular and cellular biology, hired new faculty and offered courses in biochemistry and modern cell biology for the first time. I was suddenly transformed from a disinterested observer into a student driven to learn.
Since then, my passion for molecular biology has never waned. I have had brilliant and inspiring mentors, incredible colleagues, and extraordinary students and postdoctoral fellows. I have participated in and marveled at the progress that has provided deep insights into the complexity of biology and has directly impacted our understanding and treatment of human diseases. As an undergraduate in zoology, I could not have imagined that in my lifetime there would be such a direct connection between basic research and the clinic.
I am therefore deeply honored to be standing here today to receive this honor from a foundation established by Mary Lasker, whom more than anyone advocated for medical research funding, and played a key role in the rise of the National Institutes of Health. NIH funded my postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard and subsequently my laboratory for over 35 years.
I had the privilege of meeting Mary Lasker in 1980 during her visit to Caltech, where she was searching for a possible role of interferon in cancer. At the age of 80, her passion for finding a cure for cancer was still palpable. So today is not only a celebration of the accomplishments of the Lasker Award recipients, it is also a celebration of Mary Lasker's passion and contributions, and of the entire biomedical research community. I am deeply honored by this recognition, and especially proud to be named as a co-recipient with Don Brown.
Interview with Donald D. Brown and Tom Maniatis
Video Credit: Susan Hadary
Mark Hofschneider2021-02-27T15:40:51-05:00


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El cangrejo rojo gigante, cangrejo de Kamchatka o centollo de Alaska, (Paralithodes camtschaticus) es una especie de crustáceo decápodo litódido nativo del mar de Bering. Crece hasta una separación entre las patas de 1,8 metros, y está fuertemente demandado por la pesca debido a su apreciado valor culinario y económico.

Descripción
Los cangrejos gigantes pueden ser muy grandes, a veces alcanzan una anchura de caparazón de 28 cm y una envergadura de patas de 1,8 m. Fue nombrado así por el color que resulta cuando se cocina, en lugar del color de un animal vivo, que tiende a ser más borgoña.

Distribución
El cangrejo rojo real es nativo del mar de Bering, en el norte del océano Pacífico, cerca de la península de Kamchatka y las vecinas aguas de Alaska. Fue introducido artificialmente por la Unión Soviética en el fiordo de Múrmansk, el mar de Barents, durante la década de 1960 para proporcionar nuevas capturas, algo valioso para los pescadores soviéticos.

Comercialización
-Alemania: Entre las grandes comercializadoras, Lobster King es la empresa de referencia en la compra online del cangrejo real.

-España: Una de las mayores distribuidoras de cangrejo real es Arctic Crab. No solo distribuye el cangrejo real sino que dispone de pesqueros propios en los que cuecen y congelan parte de la pesca, ofreciendo cangrejo real crudo y cocido.

-Francia: Crablyder se sitúa a la cabeza en la comercialización de cangrejos enteros en Francia. También distribuye para Mónaco.

-Italia: 24 Fish es una de las grandes distribuidoras de productos del mar en Italia, entre los que destaca el cangrejo real.

-Portugal: La marca Alaska Seafood es una de las grandes distribuidoras de cangrejo real en Portugal.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Anomura
Marisco
Animales descritos en 1815


"In my darkest times, it was talking about my problems that brought me back into the light."
Bruce Dane's loss of a brother to suicide in high school inspired Why Can't Billy Idol Love Me? Though the book is Young Adult fiction, it is based on his own real-life experiences, and conflicts facing young people world-wide on a daily basis. This book is for them.
As a volunteer for the Trevor Project —the 24-hour anti-suicide hotline specifically for LGBTQ youth—he learned that a teen's life can hinge on finding someone they can trust to talk to.


Tried importing sprite by dragging from folder, and from 3 different art programs.
Worked a total of 1 time out of about 30.
The drag and release instead of browse and upload/import is a short coming in my opinion.


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Fuse Continues Its Anti-Establishment Ad Kitsch With Hynotic "Reprogram" Campaign
(San Francisco, CA, April 4, 2005) – Fuse, the nation's only viewer-driven, all-music network, will once again upset the marketing apple cart with an edgy, new advertising campaign targeted at the non-conformist in all of us. The grassroots-driven effort, entitled "Reprogram," launches later this month with extensive outdoor, transit and wild posting advertisements in top market markets and select magazines. The campaign was unveiled here today at the NCTA Convention by Sandy Rubinstein, Fuse's newly-appointed Vice President of Marketing.
Each eye-catching and hypnotic execution features 100+ provocative, outrageous and sometimes downright silly aphorisms in question form, set in a block of tiny type against a colorful background. The blinding blitz of queries in each of the three print executions, ask questions such as "Does your TV fail to put out?" and "Do you often tune out the world while concentrating," is followed with the tagline: "If you answered 'yes' then this may be your music channel! It's a new era in music television."
"This campaign is designed to be consistent with the Fuse mindset – innovative, independent and rebellious," comments Rubinstein. "Like Fuse, these ads represent the unexpected, questioning traditional marketing and rejecting the conformity and predictability of corporate America."
The campaign was created for Fuse by Amalgamated of New York City.
About Fuse
Fuse, a network of Cablevision Systems Corporation, is the nation's only all-music, viewer-influenced television network, featuring music videos, exclusive artist interviews, live concerts and specials — all rooted in the music experience. Fuse reflects the rapidly changing interests and attitudes of its 12-34 year-old audience by uniting the media platforms that are at the center of their communication and entertainment – TV, online, and interactive games – and by incorporating their opinions and suggestions into its on-air and online programming. More information about Fuse is available at www.fuse.tv.
Artwork is available for download at http://fuse.tv/press/press.html
Theano Apostolou
Cell at NCTA
Cataldi PR:
Sal Cataldi


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Music 'Collides' in This Year's Chamber Music Festival
Composer & Cellist, Clancy Newman
Friday evening (June 20, 2014) witnessed the American Premiere of Clancy Newman's Collision Course as part of the third program of the annual Delaware Chamber Music Festival, held at The Music School of Delaware in Wilmington. Collision is in one movement, scored for clarinet, piano, and with Newman playing the 'cello. It is a very listenable work with considerable expressive range, and the audience loved it — their applause accented by enthusiastic bravos. The intense young virtuoso clarinetist was Columbian Benito Meza, and the perpetually masterful Philadelphia pianist was Marcantonio Barone, who also read Newman's poem about the piece, a dramatic and appealing scenario about three musicians on separate ships approaching and then separating.
Newman sometimes performs in Australia, where he received the commission to write his new trio. On the long flight home over the ocean, he had the vision which provided the form for his trio. It reminded me of Charles Ives, the American original and composer of enduring music, who loved it when his bandmaster father arranged for three marching bands playing different music to converge. Some call it cacophony, but Ives made it work and composed much music with several seemingly disparate things happening at once. Newman's approach was a bit different, in that when the three musics do finally converge, the three voices gradually start playing together in a boisterous and celebratory unity. One of my favorite sections was just before the total convergence when the three kinds of music are still distinct and clashing with each other a bit as they grope toward consensus.
I know it is true that part of the fun for the audience was knowing the story in advance and then being able to follow the scenario as it played out in sound. I also felt, with the wisdom of hindsight, that I would have enjoyed hearing the piece knowing nothing about it, and then trying to figure out what was going on. In that case, when the three instrumental styles/ships separate after the collision, it would not be predictable and therefore more mysterious. I also felt that the clarinet "personality" was less defined and arresting as compared with Spain-inspired ardor of the 'cello music and the cocktail charm and finesse of the piano music.
Newman is a great performer, and as a composer he has terrific stage instincts — how to grasp and hold an audience. As we leave the era of modern classical music which seemed not to care much about the listener, I applaud this composer/performer, who so warmly embraces his audience.
There is one more remaining concert in this series: Sunday, June 22, at 3:00pm, and Newman will be there with the Festival Quartet regulars, performing music by Haydn, Dvorak, and Schubert.
Labels: Benito Meza, Clancy Newman, Collision Course, Delaware Chamber Music Festival, Marcantonio Barone


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Mahalia Murphy is back in the Wallaroos setup after losing her 7s contract last year. Photo provided by Rugby Australia.
Murphy named in Wallaroos squad
Mahalia Murphy has been named in the Wallaroos squad to take on Japan in a two-game series next month, a year after losing her Aussie 7s contract.
The 26-year-old has represented Australia in Rugby League, Rugby 7s and has recently re-directed her attention to the 15-a-side competition. She missed out on an Australian 7s contract in 2018.
"[I'm] super excited with being selected in the squad to take on Japan next month on home soil. Congratulations to every girl selected," Murphy said.
"To all the girls that missed out, keep your heads high and keep working for it."
Coach Dwayne Nestor said the squad has been selected with next month's Tests and the 2021 World Cup in mind. Some players have been named, despite being unavailable for the upcoming Test series.
"Even Tayla [Stanford] has been injured, she's still a part of the program. We had based that on her form which was outstanding early on in the season especially," Nestor said.
The Wallaroos have named a new captain for this year's Tests. Grace Hamilton has been named skipper of the side and Murphy said she is the perfect woman for the job.
"I'm so excited for her – Grace is a great leader and I think she's always had that leadership attitude amongst the team and she's always been very helpful in terms of helping the girls in the squad with anything on field and off-field," Murphy said.
Murphy comes from Blacktown in Western Sydney and is proud of her Indigenous heritage.
She may have the chance to wear it on her sleeve soon, with Rugby Australia working on a women's Indigenous playing strip for the 2021 World Cup.
The two-test series against Japan starts in Newcastle on July 13th before heading to North Sydney on July 19th.
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Rare 'triple' La Niña climate event looks likely — what does the future hold?
Meteorologists are forecasting a third consecutive year of La Niña. Some researchers say similar conditions could become more common as the planet warms.
Nicola Jones
You have full access to this article via your institution.
La Niña contributed to flooding in eastern Australia earlier this year.Credit: Peter Wallis/Getty
An ongoing La Niña event that has contributed to flooding in eastern Australia and exacerbated droughts in the United States and East Africa could persist into 2023, according to the latest forecasts. The occurrence of two consecutive La Niña winters in the Northern Hemisphere is common, but having three in a row is relatively rare. A 'triple dip' La Niña — lasting three years in a row — has happened only twice since 1950.
This particularly long La Niña is probably just a random blip in the climate, scientists say. But some researchers are warning that climate change could make La Niña-like conditions more likely in future. "We are stacking the odds higher for these triple events coming along," says Matthew England, a physical oceanographer at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. England and others are now working to reconcile discrepancies between climate data and the output of major climate models — efforts that could clarify what is in store for the planet.
More La Niña events would increase the chance of flooding in southeast Asia, boost the risk of droughts and wildfires in the southwestern United States, and create a different pattern of hurricanes, cyclones and monsoons across the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, as well as give rise to other regional changes.
La Niña and its counterpart, El Niño, are phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that occur every two to seven years, with neutral years in between. During El Niño events, the usual Pacific winds that blow east to west along the Equator weaken or reverse, causing warm water to gush into the eastern Pacific Ocean, increasing the amount of rain in the region. During La Niña, those winds strengthen, warm water shifts west and the eastern Pacific becomes cooler and drier.
The impacts are far reaching. "The tropical Pacific is huge. If you shift its rainfall, it has a ripple effect on the rest of the world," says Michelle L'Heureux, a physical scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Centre in College Park, Maryland. During La Niña years, the ocean absorbs heat into its depths, so global air temperatures tend to be cooler.
Cold snap
The current La Niña started around September 2020 and has been mild-to-moderate most of the time since then. As of April 2022, it intensified, leading to a cold snap over the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean not seen at that time of year since 1950. "That's pretty impressive," says England.
The latest forecast from the World Meteorological Organization, issued on 10 June, gives a 50–60% chance of La Niña persisting until July or September. This will probably increase Atlantic hurricane activity, which buffets eastern North America until November, and decrease the Pacific hurricane season, which mainly affects Mexico. NOAA's Climate Prediction Centre has forecast a 51% chance of La Niña in early 2023.
The weird thing about it, says L'Heureux, is that this prolonged La Niña, unlike previous triple dips, hasn't come after a strong El Niño, which tends to build up a lot of ocean heat that takes a year or two to dissipate1. "I keep wondering, where's the dynamics for this?" says L'Heureux.
Climate correlation
The big questions that remain are whether climate change is altering the ENSO, and whether La Niña conditions will become more common in future.
Researchers have noticed a shift in the ENSO in recent decades: the latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows that strong El Niño and La Niña events have been more frequent and stronger since 1950 than they were in the centuries before that, but the panel couldn't tell whether this was caused by natural variability or by climate change. Overall, the IPCC models indicate a shift to more El Niño-like states as climate change warms the oceans, says climate modeller Richard Seager at the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University in Palisades, New York. Puzzlingly, Seager says, observations have shown the opposite over the past half-century: as the climate has warmed, a tongue of upwelling waters in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean has stayed cold, creating more La Niña-like conditions2.
Some researchers argue that the record is simply too sparse to show clearly what is going on, or that there is too much natural variability in the system for researchers to spot long-term trends. But it could also be that the IPCC models are missing something big, says L'Heureux, "which is a more serious issue". Seager thinks the models are indeed wrong, and that the planet will experience more La Niña-like patterns in future3. "More and more people are taking this a bit seriously that maybe the models are biased," because they don't capture this cold eastern Pacific water, says Seager.
Cold-water injection
England has another possible explanation for why the IPCC models could be getting future La Niña-like conditions wrong. As the world warms and the Greenland ice sheet melts, its fresh cold water is expected to slow down a dominant conveyor belt of ocean currents: the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Scientists mostly agree that the AMOC current has slowed down in recent decades4, but don't agree on why, or how much it will slow in future.
In a study published in Nature Climate Change on 6 June5, England and his colleagues model how an AMOC collapse would leave an excess of heat in the tropical South Atlantic, which would trigger a series of air-pressure changes that ultimately strengthen the Pacific trade winds. These winds push warm water to the west, thus creating more La Niña-like conditions. But England says that the current IPCC models don't reflect this trend because they don't include the complex interactions between ice-sheet melt, freshwater injections, ocean currents and atmospheric circulation. "We keep adding bells and whistles to these models. But we need to add in the ice sheets," he says.
Michael Mann, a climatologist at Pennsylvania State University in State College, has also argued2 that climate change will both slow the AMOC and create more La Niña-like conditions. He says the study shows how these two factors can reinforce each other. Getting the models to better reflect what's going on in the ocean, says Seager, "remains a very active research topic".
"We need to better understand what's going on," agrees L'Heureux. For now, she adds, whether, how and why the ENSO might change "is a very interesting mystery".
Nature 607, 21 (2022)
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01668-1
Iwakiri, T. & Watanabe, M. Sci. Rep. 11, 17465 (2021).
Mann, M. E. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2112797118 (2021).
Seager, R., Henderson, N. & Cane, M. J. Clim. 35, 4571–4584 (2022).
Boers, N. Nature Clim. Change 11, 680–688 (2021).
Orihuela-Pinto, B., England, M. H. & Taschetto, A. S. Nature Clim. Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01380-y (2022).
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Doctoral candidate in Computer Science on Institutional Applications of Decentralized Finance
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Sitchin's deception was/is very real, and lack of recognition or acknowledgement of it, doesn't negate the reality of it.
Nature's Mind: The Quantum Hologram by Edgar Mitchell, Sc.D.
¹ Upon further reflection & research I also determined that Sitchin erred in assuming that the Sumerian Annunaki and the Biblical Nephilim were one & the same: "Pliny speaks of a giant in whom he thought he recognised Orion, the son of Ephialtes (Nat. Hist., vol. VII., ch. Xvi.). Plutarch declares that Sertorius saw the tomb of Antaeus, the giant; and Pausanias vouches for the actual existence of the tombs of Asterius and of Geryon, or Hillus, son of Hercules-all giants, Titans and mighty men. Finally the Abbe Pegues (cited in de Mirville's Pneumatologie) affirms in his curious work on "The Volcanoes of Greece" that "in the neighbourhood of the volcanoes of the isle of Thera, giants with enormous skulls were found laid out under colossal stones, the erection of which must have necessitated everywhere the use of titanic powers, and which tradition associates in all countries with the ideas about giants, volcanoes and magic," (page 48).
The following is a brief synopsis and analysis of 6 of the 7 Tablets, which correspond to the 7 basic rays, the 7 planes of the solar system, and the 7 days of creation (See diagram on page 16 of my paper).
The Anunnaki ("tutelary spirits of the earth" or human spirits/gods) are mentioned in the First & Third Tablets, and Marduk isn't mentioned until the Third Tablet, which corresponds to the 3rd ray or 3rd Cosmic Ether , and the 3rd day of creation.
In order to interpret the theology within the Enuma Elish one has to understand the underlying fundamental principles/metaphysics of religion, i.e., the "Trinity" and in the Babylonian religion "Apsu" is Spirit/Father, the 1st aspect, "Lord Marduk" is Soul/Son, the 2nd aspect, and "Tiamat" is Matter/Mother, the 3rd aspect. The soul in all religions, is technically, metaphysically, and scientifically the created result of the interaction between spirit & matter. As noted above, Lord Marduk symbolically represents every human soul, who, just like Prince Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita, has to battle enemies to achieve his goal. The enemies esoterically represent psychological hindrance's to our personality that everyone has to overcome in order to achieve each soul's purpose when incarnated.
It's stated in the 7th Tablet that Lord Marduk created mankind, and this symbolically refers to the creation of immortal human souls en mass during the Lemurian root-race millions of years ago, and not to the creation of Homo sapiens, as Sitchin theorized, by mixing the DNA of the "Anunnaki" with "Homo erectus" for the purpose of creating slaves to work in gold mines in Africa.
Nibiru is shown in the 7th Tablet to be identical with Marduk, i.e., "the Seizer of the Midst", ergo, conqueror of Tiamat/Matter/Mother, which symbolically refers to the overcoming of matter (life in the physical world) by soul's manifesting on Earth and providing the Lemurian's with a conscious, thinking mind, consequently, the killing of his mother is symbolical only, doesn't veil the destruction of a planet, but veils a much earlier esoteric ("another sheath"), historical event.
Note: The First Tablet correlates to the 1st Cosmic Ether of the Cosmic Physical Plane, and the First Day of Creation.
in their midst she raised him to power.
The dominion over all the gods [human souls] have I entrusted unto him.
the 2nd Cosmic Ether or 2nd Day of Creation].
* "I have said Ye are gods; and all of you are children of the most High" (Psalm 82:6).
"Jesus answered them, is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are gods?" (St. John 10:34).
symbolically demonstrated at his "transfiguration"].
Appoint an assembly, make my fate pre-eminent and proclaim it.
[what the foregoing metaphorically refers to is the overcoming of obstacles to enlightenment in the physical world.
man "till they vibrate in perfect attunement of the One, the supreme Self," which is the aim of all incarnated souls].
The dominion over all the gods [Anunnaki/human spirits] have I entrusted unto thee.
or higher mental (soul) sphere and the lowest/"foundation of heaven"].
"He set a throne...in heaven..." [where the Biblical Ancient of days sits].
"O Asari, [Marduk] "Bestower of planting," "Founder of sowing"
history, and were/are members of the spiritual hierarchy, not ETs].
"the star, which shineth in the heavens.
Let his name be Nibiru*, 'the Seizer of the Midst'!
That he may cause his land to be fruitful, and that he himself may have prosperity!
Consequently, it's intuitively and esoterically understood what the Enuma Elish is all about: the recognition & exaltation of our immortal selves (Lord Marduk). Therefore, it's apparent that Sitchin's interpretation of the Anunnaki as aliens from Nibiru periodically visiting the earth in their ancient rocket ships every 3,600 years, is a sci-fi fabrication.
² Scroll down to pages 2 & 3.
In addition, there's this image of Quetzalcoatl (bearded whiteman) carved in stone (La Venta monument 19), and he is shown with water bucket in hand also, which esoterically links the two continents. He is also depicted riding a serpent, which veils the uprising of the coiled serpent energy in the chakra at the base of the spine that ultimately enlightens, consequently, it's symbolical of a master of wisdom, or a human soul that achieved relative perfection.
A synthesis of philosophy & religion illustrates that the human soul is a god¹, and the reality is that "masters" incarnate periodically on earth to help their fellow man/woman.
¹ "I have said Ye are gods; and all of you are children of the most High" (Psalm 82:6). "Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are gods?" (St. John 10:34).
³ Job 14:14 "If a man die, shall he live again? All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come." ["change" is the acquisition of new astral & mental sheaths of the 4th ether†, along with the skandhas, which predispose the new personality – "lower self" that forms around, due to the law of attraction, the physical etheric mold created by the "four Devarajas"§ at the life review.] The "appointed time" is established at the conclusion of the life review wherein the "Lipika Lord" "Atropos" ("Myth of Er") inserts the soul's "irreversible" karmic "choice" into the metaphysical "whorl of necessity". The soul then bows, saluting the "throne of necessity", and departs to await the time allocated before its "voluntary plunge" into the fetus – the physical "whorl of necessity".
Job 14:15 "Thou shalt call, and I will answer thee; thou wilt have a desire to the work of thine hands." [to continue from where you had left off in the previous life and reap the good, as well as the bad, of what you had sown].
† See diagram of human energy field within a greater energy field on page 16 of a paper I wrote. re: "Nature's Mind: The Quantum Hologram" in response to a paper written by the late Dr. Edgar Mitchell (6th man to walk on the moon).
§ The "four Devarajas rule over the four elements of earth, water, air, and fire, with their indwelling nature-spirits and essences..." "...it is the Devarajas who, having command of the elements of which the etheric double must be composed, arrange their proportion [percentage of substance of each sub-plane] so as to fulfill accurately the intention of the Lipika [Lords of Karma]." The Lipika "weigh the deeds of each personality [during the life review] when the final separation of its principles [lower mental & astral bodies/personality] takes place at the end of its astral life, and give as it were the mold of an etheric double exactly suitable to its karma for the man's next birth" (The Astral Plane: 23, 122 & 123).


text:
Former student shocked after professor charged in son's death
By: Aaron Parseghian
Posted at 10:40 PM, Oct 25, 2019
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. — Grand Rapids Community College professor Timothy Koets is facing charges after the drowning death of his 16-year-old son who had autism.
On Friday, Timothy Koets was charged with manslaughter and child abuse after his son was found unresponsive in the family's pool back in March.
The allegations against Koets is shocking enough to strangers let alone his former students.
"I was up pretty late into the night, trying to understand how this could happen. How could someone that was so nice and caring to his students be the way that it seems he was at home," GRCC Student Christopher Talbot said.
Talbot is Koets' former student who was in his class when Koets' son died.
"When it happened he sent out an email and posted on the course online sort of explaining what had happened. It was pretty intense, there were a few things that didn't make sense, that's kind of strange that things would happen in that way," Talbot said.
"But I wasn't going to question it right? Because his son just died, that's not a time for asking questions, digging into the story, so I just wanted to help out," Talbot added.
Talbot started a GoFundMe page to raise money for Koets and his family.
Talbot says the professor was appreciative but expressed concerns with the news coverage of his son's death.
"He took that as an attack on him it seemed and he told us in the letter and also me personally that he wanted to minimize the coverage, I gave him access the GoFundMe so that he was also in control of what it said. He was pretty adamant in making sure it was clearly an accident," Talbot explained.
Talbot provided FOX 17 with an email, in it Koets tells Talbot, "I made a small revision to what you posted because we have powers at work who may be trying to make it appear this was more than simply what it was, a tragic accident."
"Looking back at it, in this new context it is definitely strange," Talbot said.
Now seven months after the incident, Koets' arrest is raising even more questions for those that know him.
"Why would he try to get us to cover it up or look away from the bad coverage, why would he return to work a week after his son died, looking back its kind of scary," Talbot said.
According to Talbot the GoFundMe page was shut down and none of the money was withdrawn.
Koets will be back in court next month, and police say this investigation is far from over.