text:
Ornavasso (Urnafasch in walser e in tedesco, Urnavass in dialetto ossolano) è un comune italiano di  abitanti della provincia del Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in Piemonte.

Geografia fisica
Il territorio comunale di Ornavasso è situato nella bassa Val d'Ossola e rappresenta la "porta d'ingresso" della valle.

Storia

Leponzi
Enrico Bianchetti scoprì nel 1890 una necropoli, divisa nelle due siti "San Bernardo" (165 tombe, a cui se ne aggiunsero altre 7 nel 1941 e ancora 9 nel 1952) e "In Persona" (165 tombe). Le tombe, prevalentemente ad inumazione, sono datate tra il II secolo a.C. e il I secolo d.C. e si inseriscono nella cultura leponzio-celtica, già influenzata dal contatto con i Romani.

Le due necropoli dovevano appartenere ad un unico grande villaggio,  forse sullo sperone roccioso che domina la località, con la presenza di diversi strati sociali e di attività legate all'allevamento degli ovini e allo sfruttamento del legname. L'abitato doveva trovarsi sul percorso delle vie che dal Lago Maggiore, all'epoca esteso fino a Gravellona Toce, dove sono state rinvenute strutture portuali, proseguivano verso i passi alpini.

I reperti sono sia celtici che italici e in particolare deriva forse dalla cultura di Golasecca una particolare forma di vaso "a trottola". Tipiche sono inoltre le grandi fibule (spille per i vestiti), di un tipo detto appunto "di Ornavasso". Sul cosiddetto "vaso di Latumarus", proveniente dalla necropoli di San Bernardo e databile al I secolo a.C., sono presenti iscrizioni in alfabeto leponzio-ligure. I materiali rinvenuti sono stati donati al Museo del paesaggio di Verbania nel 1961 e sono esposti in una sezione staccata presso il palazzo comunale di Ornavasso.

Isola linguistica tedesca

Intorno al 1300 sulla montagna di Ornavasso si insediarono gruppi di coloni walser provenienti dalla regione del Sempione, che apparteneva alla stessa casa feudale di Ornavasso. Da questi iniziali insediamenti (Bach, Grube, Ronch, Wasser, Boden, Casalecchio) i coloni si spostarono verso il basso, sulla destra del torrente Stagalo nel Dorf e sulla sinistra nel Roll.

Forse la peste nera del 1348 contribuì a diradare ulteriormente la già scarsa popolazione romanza del luogo. Alla fine del XIV secolo Ornavasso era già diventato isola linguistica tedesca e i coloni avevano appreso l'arte dell'estrazione del marmo, che veniva convogliato poi lungo il fiume Toce fino a Milano, dove venne utilizzato nel Duomo. Nei documenti dell'epoca il marmo di Ornavasso risultava per i milanesi più conveniente del marmo di Candoglia, perché di minor qualità.

Anche Migiandone (Dorf, in lingua walser), un tempo comune autonomo (aggregato ad Ornavasso a seguito del regio decreto 6 settembre 1929, n. 1516), era già germanizzato alla fine del XV secolo.

La lingua tedesca vallesana (lingua walser) andò via via scomparendo nel corso del XIX secolo: le ultime testimonianze scritte, in documenti pubblici, risalgono intorno al 1863. Nel parlato la lingua walser attualmente è parlata da una piccola minoranza ed è affiancata soprattutto dal dialetto ossolano il quale è stato contaminato da termini di lessico tedesco e una spiccata pronuncia. Alla lingua walser appartengono numerosi toponimi, soprattutto sulle montagne di Ornavasso e Migiandone. L'origine tedesca ha lasciato influssi, oltre che nella lingua e toponomastica, nelle tradizioni, specie quella del Carnevale, che si celebra per settimane con veglie danzanti itineranti.

Seconda guerra mondiale
Durante la seconda guerra mondiale, Ornavasso vide la nascita della formazione partigiana Divisione Valtoce, dal caratteristico fazzoletto azzurro. Dopo la caduta della Repubblica dell'Ossola, essa venne ricostituita con il nome di "2a Valtoce" e inserita nel "Raggruppamento Di Dio".

Simboli
Lo stemma e il gonfalone sono stati concessi con decreto del presidente della Repubblica del 6 luglio 1960.

Il gonfalone è un drappo di azzurro.

Onorificenze

Monumenti e luoghi d'interesse

Architetture religiose
Santuario della Madonna del Boden Il Santuario è l'ampliamento di un oratorio costruito sui resti di una precedente cappelletta, nota per l'immagine della Beata Vergine dipinta sul muro che veniva venerata dagli abitanti della zona. Secondo la tradizione la notte del 7 settembre 1528 una pastorella di Ornavasso, dopo aver portato al pascolo le sue pecore, si addormentò. Al suo risveglio tutte le pecore erano scappate. Messasi, nel buio, alla loro ricerca cadde in un dirupo; spaventata chiese aiuto alla Madonna. Una luce, proveniente dalla cappelletta del Boden, le permise di ritrovare la via e il suo gregge che si era radunato presso l'Oratorio. Da allora l'8 settembre si iniziò a celebrare la festa della Madonna del Boden, o dei Miracoli.
Per accogliere i pellegrini, verso la metà del XVII secolo l'Oratorio venne ampliato e furono aggiunti il coro, le due cappelle, la sacrestia e un portico. Le navate laterali e il restauro dell'altare risalgono invece alla metà del secolo successivo.
Oggi l'edificio presenta una pianta a tre navate divise da quattro archi. Il dipinto della cappelletta originaria, in seguito agli effetti deterioranti del tempo, venne sostituito da una statuetta, alta , raffigurante la Madonna Incoronata.

Santuario della Madonna della Guardia Il Santuario si trova lungo la strada che conduce al Santuario del Boden. La sua costruzione iniziò nel 1674, ma venne completata solo un secolo dopo nel 1774. Abbandonata e chiusa nel 1965 nel 1991 iniziarono i lavori per il suo recupero.
Chiesa parrocchiale di San Nicolao
Santuario della Madonna di Oropa
Chiesa e convento di San Pasquale Baylon
Chiesa di Sant'Ambrogio  Chiesa a pianta rettangolare a tre navate, situata sopra l'abitato di Migiandone. La piazza di fronte ad essa era in precedenza un cimitero. Si ignora la data di costruzione, ma viene citata già esistente in documenti del 1582.
Oratorio di San GiacomoSituato in centro paese e già citato nell'inventario dei beni parrocchiali del 1665 è stato più volte ricostruito in parte o completamente in seguito alle inondazioni del torrente San Carlo.
Oratorio di San Rocco Costruito nel XVII secolo dalla cittadinanza come ex voto in ringraziamento per essere stata risparmiata dalla peste di San Carlo.
Rotonda del Crocifisso Oratorio edificato nel 1727-1728, di fronte al vecchio cimitero. Distrutto nell'inondazione del 1868 ne restano solo alcune mura.

Architetture civili
Cava di marmo A circa  dal centro, passando sul ponte sul torrente San Carlo, e proseguendo in direzione del Santuario del Boden, si raggiunge l'ingresso dell'antica cava di marmo. La cava è famosa per avere fornito la materia prima per la costruzione della facciata della Certosa di Pavia, del rivestimento dei pilastri nell'Ottagono del Duomo di Pavia, oltre ad altri importanti monumenti, come l'Arco della Pace di Milano e una piccola parte del Duomo di Milano. La parte storica della cava è interamente visitabile ed è sede di una importante rassegna musicale.

Architetture militari

Torre di guardia  Antica torre di segnalazione, edificata nei primi anni del XIV secolo dalla famiglia dei Barbavara d'Ornavasso, feudatari nella Valle d'Ossola, per potere avvertire, mediante l'accensione di fuochi, le popolazioni ossolane di eventuali attacchi da parte degli Svizzeri che imperversavano in tutta la valle. È situata nel piazzale di fronte al Santuario a cui ha dato il nome e svolge ora la funzione di campanile.
Linea Cadorna Il comune ospita un tratto restaurato della Linea Cadorna, un sistema di fortificazioni militari costruito durante la prima guerra mondiale per difendere il confine nord dell'Italia da un possibile attacco austriaco attraverso la Svizzera. Le linee fortificate proteggevano il territorio italiano tra il Gran San Bernardo e la Valtellina. Nel Verbano e nell'Ossola esse coprono un dislivello di 2.000 m tra la piana del Toce e il Monte Massone e fra il Lago Maggiore e il Monte Zeda.

Aree naturali
 Alpe Pogalti o Bogalti, a  Vi si trova la cappella della Regina Pacis, del 1946.
 Alpe Steit, , toccato da molteplici itinerari escursionistici.
 Alpe Breitawong, a
 Alpe Ülmeini, a
 Alpe Cortevecchio, a  Vi si trova il rifugio Renato Brusa Perona del CAI.

Società

Evoluzione demografica

Etnie e minoranze straniere
Secondo i dati ISTAT al 31 dicembre 2010 la popolazione straniera residente era di 162 persone. Le nazionalità maggiormente rappresentate in base alla loro percentuale sul totale della popolazione residente erano:

 Marocco 62 1,81%

Cultura

Musei
Casa Museo Raggruppamento Divisioni Patrioti Alfredo di Dio
Il museo, inaugurato il 4 settembre 1988, si trova al centro dell'abitato ed è ospitato in un edificio ceduto a titolo gratuito al Comune di Ornavasso dall'Associazione Divisioni Patrioti "Alfredo Di Dio", associazione sorta a Milano alla metà degli anni Ottanta del secolo scorso per valorizzare l'attività delle formazioni "azzurre" nella lotta di liberazione. Contiene una raccolta di documenti, manoscritti, fotografie e reperti relativi all'attività della Divisione Valtoce durante la Resistenza e una sezione dedicata alla Repubblica dell'Ossola. Fa parte dei "Luoghi della memoria" e dei "Sentieri della Libertà" della Provincia del Verbano Cusio Ossola.
Sezione archeologica Enrico Bianchetti del Museo del paesaggio
Sezione staccata del Museo del paesaggio di Verbania, dedicata ai reperti rinvenuti nella Necropoli di Ornavasso.

Amministrazione
Amministrazioni che si sono succedute:

Fa parte dell'unione di comuni montana delle Valli dell'Ossola.

Sport
 La squadra di pallavolo "Pallavolo Ornavasso", che ha vinto il campionato nella serie B2 nel 2009, gioca in B1 nella successiva stagione. Nel 2011 e nel 2012 ha vinto la Coppa Italia di serie B1. Nel 2012 è stata anche promossa in serie A2. Nella stagione 2012-2013 giunge terza nella regular season qualificandosi per i playoff promozione, che vince, venendo quindi promossa in serie A1. Poco prima dell'inizio della stagione 2014-2015 è stata esclusa dal campionato per inadempienze finanziarie.
La ciclista Elisa Longo Borghini ha vinto due medaglie olimpiche (bronzo a Rio 2016 e a Tokio 2021). Il sindaco Filippo Cigala Fulgosi e il parroco don Roberto Sogni hanno aggiornato a mano il cartello stradale il 26 luglio 2021 per celebrare la vittoria della ciclista.

Galleria d'immagini

Note

Bibliografia

Approfondimenti

Voci correlate
 Stazione di Ornavasso
 Stazione di Candoglia-Ornavasso

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  sul sito EcoSistemaVerbano.


text:
HealthAgents: distributed multi-agent brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis
H González-Vélez, M Mier, M Julià-Sapé, Theodoros Arvanitis, JM García-Gómez, M Robles, PH Lewis, S Dasmahapatra, D Dupplaw, Andrew Peet, C Arús, B Celda, S Huffel, M Lluch-Ariet
Cancer and Genomic Sciences
We present an agent-based distributed decision support system for the diagnosis and prognosis of brain tumors developed by the HealthAgents project. HealthAgents is a European Union funded research project, which aims to enhance the classification of brain tumors using such a decision support system based on intelligent agents to securely connect a network of clinical centers. The HealthAgents system is implementing novel pattern recognition discrimination methods, in order to analyze in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and ex vivo/in vitro High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HR-MAS) and DNA micro-array data. HealthAgents intends not only to apply forefront agent technology to the biomedical field, but also develop the HealthAgents network, a globally distributed information and knowledge repository for brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis.
Applied Intelligence
Medical ontologies
Dive into the research topics of 'HealthAgents: distributed multi-agent brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Tumors Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Brain Engineering & Materials Science 80%
Decision support systems Engineering & Materials Science 66%
Magic angle spinning Engineering & Materials Science 59%
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Engineering & Materials Science 54%
Nuclear magnetic resonance Engineering & Materials Science 38%
Intelligent agents Engineering & Materials Science 37%
European Union Engineering & Materials Science 36%
González-Vélez, H., Mier, M., Julià-Sapé, M., Arvanitis, T., García-Gómez, JM., Robles, M., Lewis, PH., Dasmahapatra, S., Dupplaw, D., Peet, A., Arús, C., Celda, B., Huffel, S., & Lluch-Ariet, M. (2009). HealthAgents: distributed multi-agent brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Applied Intelligence, 30(3), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-007-0085-8
González-Vélez, H ; Mier, M ; Julià-Sapé, M et al. / HealthAgents: distributed multi-agent brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis. In: Applied Intelligence. 2009 ; Vol. 30, No. 3. pp. 191-202.
@article{52195890ac27410cbe9933c5da275675,
title = "HealthAgents: distributed multi-agent brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis",
abstract = "We present an agent-based distributed decision support system for the diagnosis and prognosis of brain tumors developed by the HealthAgents project. HealthAgents is a European Union funded research project, which aims to enhance the classification of brain tumors using such a decision support system based on intelligent agents to securely connect a network of clinical centers. The HealthAgents system is implementing novel pattern recognition discrimination methods, in order to analyze in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and ex vivo/in vitro High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HR-MAS) and DNA micro-array data. HealthAgents intends not only to apply forefront agent technology to the biomedical field, but also develop the HealthAgents network, a globally distributed information and knowledge repository for brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis.",
keywords = "Agents, Pattern recognition, Medical ontologies, Computational intelligence, Decision support systems, Magnetic resonance, Medical informatics, Machine learning",
author = "H Gonz{\'a}lez-V{\'e}lez and M Mier and M Juli{\`a}-Sap{\'e} and Theodoros Arvanitis and JM Garc{\'i}a-G{\'o}mez and M Robles and PH Lewis and S Dasmahapatra and D Dupplaw and Andrew Peet and C Ar{\'u}s and B Celda and S Huffel and M Lluch-Ariet",
journal = "Applied Intelligence",
González-Vélez, H, Mier, M, Julià-Sapé, M, Arvanitis, T, García-Gómez, JM, Robles, M, Lewis, PH, Dasmahapatra, S, Dupplaw, D, Peet, A, Arús, C, Celda, B, Huffel, S & Lluch-Ariet, M 2009, 'HealthAgents: distributed multi-agent brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis', Applied Intelligence, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-007-0085-8
HealthAgents: distributed multi-agent brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis. / González-Vélez, H; Mier, M; Julià-Sapé, M et al.
In: Applied Intelligence, Vol. 30, No. 3, 01.06.2009, p. 191-202.
T1 - HealthAgents: distributed multi-agent brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis
AU - González-Vélez, H
AU - Mier, M
AU - Julià-Sapé, M
AU - Arvanitis, Theodoros
AU - García-Gómez, JM
AU - Robles, M
AU - Lewis, PH
AU - Dasmahapatra, S
AU - Dupplaw, D
AU - Peet, Andrew
AU - Arús, C
AU - Celda, B
AU - Huffel, S
AU - Lluch-Ariet, M
N2 - We present an agent-based distributed decision support system for the diagnosis and prognosis of brain tumors developed by the HealthAgents project. HealthAgents is a European Union funded research project, which aims to enhance the classification of brain tumors using such a decision support system based on intelligent agents to securely connect a network of clinical centers. The HealthAgents system is implementing novel pattern recognition discrimination methods, in order to analyze in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and ex vivo/in vitro High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HR-MAS) and DNA micro-array data. HealthAgents intends not only to apply forefront agent technology to the biomedical field, but also develop the HealthAgents network, a globally distributed information and knowledge repository for brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis.
AB - We present an agent-based distributed decision support system for the diagnosis and prognosis of brain tumors developed by the HealthAgents project. HealthAgents is a European Union funded research project, which aims to enhance the classification of brain tumors using such a decision support system based on intelligent agents to securely connect a network of clinical centers. The HealthAgents system is implementing novel pattern recognition discrimination methods, in order to analyze in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and ex vivo/in vitro High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HR-MAS) and DNA micro-array data. HealthAgents intends not only to apply forefront agent technology to the biomedical field, but also develop the HealthAgents network, a globally distributed information and knowledge repository for brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis.
KW - Agents
KW - Pattern recognition
KW - Medical ontologies
KW - Computational intelligence
KW - Decision support systems
KW - Magnetic resonance
KW - Medical informatics
KW - Machine learning
JO - Applied Intelligence
JF - Applied Intelligence
González-Vélez H, Mier M, Julià-Sapé M, Arvanitis T, García-Gómez JM, Robles M et al. HealthAgents: distributed multi-agent brain tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Applied Intelligence. 2009 Jun 1;30(3):191-202. Epub 2007 Sep 1. doi: 10.1007/s10489-007-0085-8

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
aboutWho we are and what we do.
case studiesSee some of our work.
#creativeachieversMeet the insiders setting the agenda.
advice + thoughtsYour professional toolkit.
podcastHear what we've got to say.
#creativeachievers
Marina Lefkaritis
General Manager, Client Strategy
Marina Lefkaritis is a General Manager in the luxury industry with an extensive background in client strategy for Burberry, Matches and most recently a move into the art world with Hauser & Wirth as VP EMEA.
Here, Marina shares how she navigated her journey from investment banking into the luxury world, and how Ecommerce has changed the nature of private clients.
Tell us a bit about your career trajectory? How did you manage to move from banking into luxury?
Having studied Economics and Finance, the obvious first career step to take was Management Consulting or Investment Banking. I tried both, first at Deloitte Consulting and then in the Equity Capital Markets joint venture between ABN AMRO and Rothschild (this partnership is no longer in place) after my Masters in Finance. The latter suited me a lot more than consulting did, as the department I was in sat between Investment Banking and the markets so the pace was faster. But as much as I learned by being in this sector and I still believed it was a great "school" to start one's career in, I didn't see myself there long-term, I wanted to do something much more creative.
Following in the footsteps of my older sister, who successfully switched her career from banking to media post-MBA, I decided to do an MBA at INSEAD. This enabled me to not only focus on my chosen industry of luxury goods in any project we had to work on during the course, but more importantly to do an internship at Louis Vuitton here in London. That then opened the door for me to join the business in a full-time role after my degree. From then on, my trajectory was much more straight-forward. Having joined LV in the year of the opening of the Bond Street Maison, I was able to be involved in that as a project but also to work on client business development. And the rest is history, as they say.
How has the world of private clients changed since the development and significance of ecommerce channels?
When I started working in luxury goods, our focus was on elevating service in order to make a great first impression to clients and on appreciating the follow up to clients after an interaction. All of this will always remain true in luxury, of course, but the first impression of a brand is often now done online with consumers using social media or own-brand websites to inform their purchasing decisions or multi-brand websites to compare products and be inspired by editorials. So the story is an omnichannel one now, not only for all of the consumer pyramid but for top private clients as well. They are very well informed and expect everything yesterday, so the pace is fast and the eCommerce customer journey has to be smooth and keep up with the pace as well, while maintaining the elevated standards that private clients demand.
How did you navigate going from the world of luxury fashion into the art world?
There are obvious synergies between these two worlds, namely the UHNWIs that buy luxury fashion are the same collectors in the art world but also the price point of modern art makes it a luxury good. In art, as in luxury fashion, collectors choose to spend on a specific artist over another one due to the beauty of the artpiece and the desirability of the artist for one's collection. This is a clear parallel to the fashion world where clients appreciate the craftsmanship and design of a product and they trust the quality of what they buy thanks to a brand's name.
Which moments in your career are you especially proud of?
The opening of the Louis Vuitton Maison on Bond Street in 2011 is a definite highlight as it was such a special project within a very apt time to be at Louis Vuitton. It was teamwork at its best, despite the long hours and crazy deadlines. And we had so much fun on the opening day, I remember the adrenaline rush and not being able to sleep the night after the opening despite my exhaustion.
Then at Burberry, I was honoured to have been nominated for the Icon awards, our internal recognition of staff members that went above and beyond. This was just before I left for maternity leave, so it was a very touching way to sign off.
Who's been your most inspirational person to be around in the workplace?
As aforementioned, I've been very lucky to have worked with some truly amazing people over the years and they each were inspirational in their own way. How could I not be inspired to work at Burberry during the tenure of Angela Ahrendts but also to witness the clarity of mind and the confidence with which Marco Gobbetti presented his strategy to us. In addition to these names, I had the opportunity to work in Sue Whiteley's team at Louis Vuitton UK. Sue was so inspirational in her focus on product and her vision for the Maison. Another name I was honoured to have worked with is Tom Athron, who is now the CEO of Fortnum & Mason. Tom was such a human, empathetic leader at MatchesFashion thanks to whom we were able to survive the tough months of lockdown united as a team.
What advice would you give 21 year old Marina?
Well, the advice that everyone else would give to 21-year-old Marina (and the not-so-young Marina as well, still) would be patience. But I'd ask myself to pick one thing and focus on it. I am a very curious person and a generalist by nature (both left and right brain type of person) so I cannot easily choose one path to take. Perhaps this has cost me having a more straightforward and fast career path, but for sure I've learned a lot along the way.
How would you change the workplace for the better if you could?
I think the diversity awareness that we are all witnessing these past few years is so, so important but one area that I wish more employers made more time to understand and to adapt their roles and hiring processes for is neurodiversity. I believe Microsoft has a program to recruit neurodiverse people, but not many other companies do and it's such a shame considering how many neurodiverse people can be productive members of the economy, if they are given the opportunity. A lot more should be done here, for the benefit of all.
Kate McInerney
Privacy Policy - ©talent atelier 2018


text:
A Conversation with Michael Kolodziej, MD: Managing Cancer Care at a Time of 'Transformational Improvement'
Aetna's national medical director for oncology solutions argues that "variation almost never yields a superior result." Stick to optimized practices.
I read that you are board certified in internal medicine and oncology. What drew you to oncology?
Funny story. I went to medical school at Washington University in St. Louis, which is one of the biggest cardiology places in the universe. It was really exciting, but I didn't want to do cardiology for the rest of my life. I tried everything else. Internal medicine, pulmonary medicine, endocrinology. But when I was a resident at Penn, I had Sandy Shattil as an attending physician, and he's a hematologist. He sort of had a reputation of being a tough guy, but he and I just absolutely hit it off. At the end of the rotation he said, "You may not recognize this, but you have knack for this, and this is what you should do for the rest of your life." And that was very, very impactful.
Michael Kolodziej, MD
So, I got attracted to it initially because of the intellectual challenges. And then, I fell in love with it because I like taking care of the patients. I like getting to know the families. I like the interpersonal aspect of care. And I felt like I could do a pretty good job of it.
Not only did you have a knack for the intellectual side, but you had a good bedside manner.
I'm told that I did. I'm not in a position to make that judgment, but I'm told that I did, yes.
You started to work for Aetna in 2013. You switched from the provider side to the payer side. Have you changed your mind about anything as a result of switching sides?
You know, I don't think so. I wasn't the average provider. In addition to my practice — and I had a very busy private practice — I did a lot of administrative work as the medical director at U.S. Oncology around evidence-based treatment, trying to extract value from our electronic medical record and working on this care-delivery model, which these days we're calling the oncology medical home. So, I had that sort of focus, and I've carried that sort of focus around evidence-based treatment, using data to inform optimal care delivery, and then executing care-delivery reform.
I mean, I understand very well the challenges that practices have around, for example, implementing advanced care planning programs in an office practice, what the challenges are to doing that. But I feel extraordinarily passionate about optimizing end-of-life care.
Is it a staffing problem for the average oncologist?
It's a lot of things. I think a big part of it is that we have not gotten comfortable with the value of standardizing the approach. People hear about standardizing processes of care and they think, "Oh, my gosh, it's just cookie-cutter medicine," and all that stuff. That's silly.
Why is it silly?
Because I'm a strong believer that variation almost never yields a superior result. Variation is different from personalization. Variation has no basis in fact, or reality, or evidence. There are many areas of life where optimized processes can yield a superior result. And variability for the sake of variability is not a benefit.
Where does that variability come from?
I think it may come partially from a belief that the doctor is always right. I think we train doctors to be individualistic. Being willing to embrace the idea that you really ought to look at how you're doing things and think about ways to make them better — that's not a place where many doctors feel comfortable.
Let's talk about what you're doing at Aetna. There was a piece that I ran across in which you wrote about oncology practices getting enhanced reimbursement for prescribing generics and shared savings if quality metrics are met.
Those are both components of our oncology medical home program. The goal of the oncology medical home program is to use the lessons that we've learned from the primary care medical home program about team-based care, evidence-based care, enhanced access, and shared decision making, and to operationalize them in the cancer space. And what you've described are the ways that we have used it in the short term to reward providers who execute this enhanced care delivery model.
The logic goes something like this: If you follow evidence-based care and make value-based clinical decisions, it's just going to turn out that you actually wind up using generic drugs more. It's just the way it is. And if you do, you'll get rewarded for it. And if the practice delivers and has a good clinical care model, and it keeps people out of the ER and the hospital, it saves money. So, I can give the practice some of that back.
I also can give you a little extra money for doing high-value clinical services. Like, let's sit down with the patient and discuss a treatment plan, an end-of-treatment summary, advanced care planning. I can give you money for those enhanced clinical services — let's call it a care management fee.
I want to get a clear handle on how the money flows. The oncologists bill for these sit-downs? Or is the concept here more like a capitated or bundled payment situation, where I have a budget for a certain patient, and if I beat that budget by X amount, there's a shared savings between me and Aetna.
The money flows like this: Enhanced fee schedule goes in effect Day 1. That way, I get the practice money right away. You bill me for the enhanced clinical services and then we reconcile at the end of year when we compare your performance with the market competition. We don't compare your performance on how you did last year. Because if you're already doing really well, it's hard to improve much more.
I think what's going to happen — and this is my hope and my projection — that by having enough of these relationships, we're going to be able to get an idea of how much better these practices are and then we should be able to determine a management fee. And ultimately, the information that we're going to get from this will allow us to figure out what an episode should look like and cost because we will have clinical details. This program will help us figure out the components that go in and stay out of an episode. That is my vision of where this goes.
How many practices do you have participating in this program?
We have 17 or 18 right now. We did submit an application to the CMS Oncology Care Model program [see CMS Takes the Lead In Oncology Payment Reform]. We named about 10 new practices on that application. The OCM is going to name their practices sometime later this fall. I'm pretty confident that the practices that we named are all going to get the award. In fact, I'd be willing to take a bet on it. We will go instantaneously then to somewhere between 25 and 30 practices. And then, I'll take a very close look at the other practices that got the OCM award, and the joke is that I'm going to go shopping.
So, I think we could actually grow very, very rapidly. And I have to thank CMMI [CMS's Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation] because the kind of things they're asking practices to do in a lot of ways are the same things I'm asking them to do.
It's interesting how CMS and CMMI have become kind of a disruptive force.
Listen, I'm telling you, they are the greatest catalyst right now for change in oncology. It's really amazing.
How much of an impediment is buy and bill to the adoption of the value-based payment schemes that we've been talking about?
What buy and bill did was make it possible for oncology practices to develop a really efficient chemotherapy delivery model. And it gave them revenue, to some extent, to enhance clinical services. So, there has been a great benefit from buy and bill. And it's a system that, at the present moment, is vital to continuing to deliver cancer care in a way that we've become accustomed.
Now, that said, it's always had the problem of apparent conflict of interest. It's always had the problem that some people have used it solely to their financial benefit. And I think we're just at a point now where we need to accept the fact that it may be an impediment to meaningful oncology reform.
There needs to be a transition here. I think if you look at what Lee Newcomer did with UnitedHealthcare, it shows that oncologists could accept the management fee in lieu of buy and bill. And practices could get comfortable with that. And I think that's ultimately going to prove to be the case.
Let's talk about the high price of some of these new oncology drugs. Do you think these prices are justified?
I think there certainly is a cost of innovation, and unfortunately, we've gotten accustomed to paying a premium for fairly modest innovation. We have become enamored with the idea that incremental improvement is ultimately going to get us to the promised land, and that we should pay a premium for that incremental improvement. We are living now in a time of what is almost transformational improvement. And we don't know how to value that. We don't know how to reward that.
So, I think that we're probably going to need to change the way that we award innovation; find ways to reward innovation that gives us really good results.
So price would be tied to some sort of value equation. Is that what you mean?
Yeah, that's one possible way of looking at it. There are a couple ways to look at it. I'm a big fan of using biomarkers to identify people who are going to respond to a drug, and the reverse — identifying people who aren't. If we do that, we will extract more value because we'll improve the outcome for the given cost.
Another way might be, for example, using real market forces to promote competition on price for a class of agents. That's what the Express Scripts guy has been talking about.
We may come to a time where treatment is administered, but only paid for if it works. And we can have a long debate about what constitutes "it works."
Steve Miller, the chief medical officer?
Yeah. And I think that is what we may see with the PD1 inhibitors. My prediction is they're all going to have the same labeled indication. We're going to have a class of drugs. So we'll see whether we will have some competition around price.
And then, I think the ultimate expression of this may wind up being — and this is way out there — paying for response. We may come to a time where treatment is administered, but only paid for if it works. And we can have a long debate about what constitutes "it works." That's a whole topic for another hour. I have talked to people in pharma and they're starting to think about whether they can survive in that kind of universe.
Some people have a less scientific or technical approach, which is, "Let's have CMS negotiate price." Do you think it's time for CMS — and I realize it would require a change in law — to start negotiating price?
My opinion is yes, they should. That's my opinion, not Aetna's. I think it's an easy first step. It will be an incomplete solution.
When you Google "Aetna" and "cancer" do you know what one of the top hits is?
Stories about Arijit Guha, the student who had stage 4 colon cancer who hit the lifetime limit on his health policy. He got into a Twitter conversation with Mark Bertolini, the head of Aetna, and eventually got coverage. But I guess lifetime limits are now forbidden by the ACA.
Those limits don't exist. They're gone.
Do you think the ACA has done a good thing — eliminating the lifetime limit?
Yeah, I think if you look at the ACA, there are a number of things that it has done that are good, and that's one of them. It got rid of pre-existing conditions. Cancer screening is paid for. It's done a lot of good things.
You wrote a piece in 2013 that kind of captures some things I have been thinking about. You talked about oncology has never been more exciting because of treatment advances. But it's sort of A Tale of Two Cities because of the high cost of cancer treatment. Are you concerned that we'll have all these scientific advances, but the treatments are going to be so expensive that they won't reach the people who need them?
I'm probably more bullish than I was when I wrote that article. I think we really are at a time when oncologists, cancer care providers, and payers are starting to pull the oars in the same direction. I think the dialogue about cost and value is a healthy one. I grew up in a lower-middle class family, and we thought about a budget. It's the responsible thing to do.
After 28 years of publishing, our last issue of Manage Care was December 2019.
While sad, we have much gratitude for the many writers, editors, researchers, reviewers, salespeople, and advertisers who kept us going and made Managed Care a standout publication. And not to be forgotten, we thank you for reading our publication and visiting our website.
A Conversation with Mai Pham, MD: Payment Innovation at Anthem: Downside Risk Will Be Rewarded March 4, 2018
Patrick Kennedy Sees More Talk Than Action in Mental Health Coverage and Parity January 1, 2018
Weighing the Future of Value-based Care: You Need Scale February 10, 2020
Q&A with Marc Harrison, MD, president and CEO of Intermountain Healthcare January 3, 2017
Theresa Brown, RN: You Can Learn a Lot in 12 Hours–The Shift Reveals Paradoxes of Hospital Care June 11, 2016
Shrinking the Psychiatrist Shortage
SGLT2 Inhibitors, No Diabetes Required?


Why new churches in cities?
Today, research shows that new churches are the best way to reach new generations, new residents, and new people groups in a city with the gospel. In fact, they are up to 6 to 10 times more effective at attracting people to the gospel than older, more established churches. Although we desperately need the existing churches to continue to grow and maintain faithful gospel ministry, if we are to reach the rapidly growing numbers of people in cities who do not know Christ, we need hundreds and thousands of new churches to be established in those cities.
For the first time in the history of the world more than 50% of the world's population lives in cities. Most leading urbanologists estimate that by 2050 the number of people living in cities will exceed 75%. The growth of cities is the missional challenge of our generation.
How do you select local churches?
We recruit new church planters through one-on-one relationships and referrals from existing network leaders. They are then assessed locally before they're recommended to enter one of our training programs.
Some key traits we look for are local leaders who can contextualise the gospel to their city, and natural evangelists with an entrepreneurial spirit. To date, our 'parent' organisation Redeemer City to City has trained 7,000 leaders from over 45 global cities.


In a medium bowl, combine the water, sugar, and espresso powder; stir until sugar and espresso powder are dissolved. Add cream cheese; whisk until smooth. Fold in whipped topping.
Pipe or spoon cream cheese mixture atop cookies. If desired, chill for up to 4 hours. To serve, if desired, top with white chocolate curls and/or raspberries.
*Sugar Substitutes: Choose from Splenda®Granular, Equal®Spoonful or packets, or Sweet 'N Low®bulk or packets. Follow package directions to use product amount equivalent to 1/2 teaspoon sugar.
*Sugar Substitutes: PER SERVING WITH SUGAR SUBSTITUTE: Same as above, except 186 cal., 21 g carb.


When you book your flight from Santa Marta to Bogota with us, you can be sure that you get the lowest airfares available online. Besides savings on airfares, you will also get to choose from a list of top airlines flying to Bogota from Santa Marta! Plan your trip with CheapOair and save like never before on Bogota flights. Book now and go!
Get discounted deals on cheap flights to Bogota sent right to your inbox! The CheapOair newsletter delivers you the best travel deals, news and tips to help you plan trips to top destinations around the world for less. With CheapOair, you will never miss another deal again.
It was a very good experience!!


text:
Textile Makers Remain Optimistic About 2023 as Formalwear Picks Up
Designer and Luxury
Brazil Boosts Fashion Designers
After testing the initiative with the Iodice label, the Brazilian Association of Fashion Designers just launched a talent incubator program.
By Marc Karimzadeh Plus Icon
Marc Karimzadeh
Recent Articles by Marc Karimzadeh
Tattarang Invests in Australian Resort Wear Label Camilla
Michaela Jaé Rodriguez Channels '60s Mod Glamour as Charlotte Tilbury's First American Beauty Muse in New Pillow Talk Party Campaign
December 1, 2009, 12:01am
Brazil has moved onto the fashion world's radar with its economic promise, rapid growth, luxury stores and host status for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
And in 2010, watch for some of Brazil's homegrown design talent to make its mark on the U.S. fashion scene. After testing the initiative with the Iodice label, the Brazilian Association of Fashion Designers, which is known as ABEST, just launched a talent incubator program supported by the government that helps designers land on their feet in the U.S. market.
The nonprofit organization, with 53 designer members, teamed up with the Scatola Sartoriale showroom and Industry Publicity. Beginning this month, UMA, the label designed by Raquel and Roberto Davidowicz, and footwear designer Mauricio Medeiros have been selected as beneficiaries of the program. They will work with Scatola and Industry to build their businesses in the U.S. through their spring 2011 collections and possibly beyond.
Valentino Vettori, founder and president of Scatola, and Suzanne Koshnoodi, president of Industry, cofounded Fashion Embassy, the U.S. entity that works with ABEST.
"Brazil is becoming a new global economic and image baseline, and the Brazilian fashion designer who has been growing and developing with ABEST/Apex since 2007 could be leveraged at this moment," said Antonin Bartos Filho, ABEST's chief executive officer.
Bartos Filho said only 10 percent of the country's new designers find success outside of Brazil within three years of a launch, and errors in collection designs, deliveries, pricing and other services are among the reasons for the low rate.
ABEST and its partners will help educate and guide designers in areas such as marketing, sales, design and operations that specifically target the U.S. market.
"Instead of each brand looking for a sales showroom, [and] p.r.-marketing, ABEST invested in placing Brazilian brands together for a U.S. launch," Bartos Filho said. "This allows better negotiation in space, fees…and creates a stronger Brazilian identity and synergies for buyers, press and operations."
Koshnoodi added, "We went down there and took a look at designers that had potential, but weren't there yet."
By the end of next year, ABEST plans to tap two more Brazilian designers, and in 2011, add four more to participate in the program.
"It has been impacting in every sense," said Adriano Iodice, vice president of the Iodice brand. "The brand is much stronger when it's part of an association. Regarding financial support, it has been very helpful since the association helps the brand with part of all investments, so by doing this the brand can plan all steps carefully."
Fashion Markets


Maintenance is a key component in increasing the useful lifespan of your silo.
Inspections are only beneficial when they are followed with the necessary repairs and maintenance. Routine maintenance prevents serious issues that jeopardize the safety of workers and compromise stored materials.
Ongoing maintenance keeps silos in proper working order and ensures the safety and efficiency of your operation. It is also the only way to prevent severe damage, caused by ongoing issues, that can lead to structural failure.
Air pad diffusers and air stones improve material flow in silos and help prevent packing of stored powders as well as residue build up on interior walls. Routine maintenance and replacement ensures continued silo efficiency and promotes safe operations.
Roof-top and exterior wall coatings should protect against the elements and other potentially corrosive substances. For the greatest efficacy, coatings should also fully adhere to the silo surface rather than act as a floating membrane. A damaged roof-top coating leads to deterioration that goes unseen without regular inspection.
Marietta Silos now offers additional silo services through USA Silo Service. In addition to cleaning services, USA Silo Services provides air pad inspection, removal and replacement, bulk storage removal and vacuum truck service. Contact USA Silo Services to get a quote and schedule your silo cleaning and maintennce today.


Alternatives to methyl bromide for control of quarantine pests: can composting of bark provide consistent lethal heat accumulation?
Source: In: Fosbroke, Sandra L.C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2002; 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 20-22.
Under the Montreal protocol (1991), methyl bromide has been recognized as a significant ozone depleting compound and a program to phase out its use has been agreed.
Evans, Hugh F.; Fielding, Nicholas J. 2003. Alternatives to methyl bromide for control of quarantine pests: can composting of bark provide consistent lethal heat accumulation?. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L.C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2002; 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 20-22.


text:
Millwall Sport
Millwall boss gives more detail on Lee Gregory's injury – and talks about recall possibility for Portsmouth and Wycombe loanees
4th December 2018 Richard Cawley 0 Comments
BY RICHARD CAWLEY
richard@slpmedia.co.uk
Millwall manager Neil Harris is set to get more detail today on the injuries to Aiden O'Brien and Shaun Williams – with Lee Gregory's stomach muscle tear also making it hard to pin down his comeback date.
The Lions have a mounting injury list. O'Brien was stretchered off in Sunday's 1-1 draw at Bristol City with Williams suffering ankle ligament damage.
August signing Tom Bradshaw is out for the season following knee surgery. Tom Elliott was missing at Ashton Gate with a hamstring strain – the same muscle injury also forcing club captain Steve Morison off.
The only boost at this stage of the week is that club record signing Ryan Leonard is back from serving a one-game ban for his red card against Birmingham a week ago.
"We'll have a much clearer picture when both players have been scanned," said Harris. "By tomorrow afternoon [Tuesday] we'll know if there is any damage, or the extent of the damage.
"Tom's is a hamstring, so you are looking at a period of time. Lee is a tricky one because he has got a small tear deep in his stomach muscle. We know what the damage is but we can't really treat it because of the area it is in.
"We can't really rehab it, just because it is in an area where it has to heal itself over time. It really is trial and error with Lee, when he feels comfortable being out on the pitch.
"The gambles is can he make it for this weekend? It is such a bizarre injury. Is it likely to re-tear? Quite unlikely, but we have just got to be mindful of that.
"We could see Lee in a week or we could see him in three weeks. We're a little bit in the lap of the gods and how quick it heals.
"Moro's is an old injury. At his age he knows his body well. It is routine but if he presents Tuesday still with a problem then we'll have to re-scan it.
"He shouldn't have really played but he put himself forward because that is what he does and he's captain of the team. Whether we'll get him back out Saturday, we'll have to see.
"I thought his performance – his battling quality at the weekend – was outstanding. You could see in the second half he was struggling with movement out there. The fact he still assisted for the goal was classic Steve Morison."
Harris is not making any early calls on whether he will recall Fred Onyedinma from his loan at Wycombe Wanderers – the youngster would boost his frontline options – in the January transfer window.
"It's still early days as we're finding at the moment," said the Millwall chief. "There is no point planning for tomorrow. We've literally got to go day by day and game by game.
"Yes, we have had thought processes and ideas. The boys out on loan – Tom [King], Sid [Nelson], Ben [Thompson] and Fred – there is an opportunity for us to call them back in January.
"But I will only call them back if I feel like they will be involved in our squad and have an opportunity to play."
Charlton Athletic boss Bowyer on contract talks with…
Winger Tyler Burey talks about his switch from AFC…
Defender - linked with Sunderland and Portsmouth -…
Working families in Hammersmith and Fulham fork out…
Charlton boss Lee Bowyer: Jonny Williams isn't close…
Charlton boss Lee Bowyer set to cast eye over…
← AFC Wimbledon book FA Cup third round stop as their superior class tells at The Shay
Blackheath get another reminder of National League One quality as they squeeze past struggling hosts →


Cuttlefish are cute sea creatures and are thecolour changing 'chameleons' of the sea. Go cuttlefish !
Cuttlefish has been hand drawn on to shrink plastic and coloured. A6 card with envelope.
As cards are all handmade and not printed, the actual card you receive may differ slightly.
Please note that this card is delicate and may require extra packaging if posted.


This is a list of notable YWCA buildings. YWCA buildings are prominent in many cities.
Ames House, 44 Mortimer Street, Camden borough of London, built in 1904, designed by Beresford Pite, the first "major" YWCA building of the YWCA in London, which had operated from 1857, a Heritage site.
YWCA building, 268 Madras St., Christchurch. Built in 1914. A category 2 historic place (#1951). Demolished in 2011.
In the United States, many are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). A 1997 article covered all the YWCA buildings listed at that time.
YWCA Building (Honolulu, Hawaii), a building in Downtown Honolulu that was built in 1927. It was designed by Julia Morgan including Beaux-Arts and Mediterranean Revival stylings.
YWCA Boston building (Clarendon Street), Boston, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP in Boston, Massachusetts. Landmark building of the YWCA Boston organization.
YWCA of Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, listed on the NRHP in St. Louis County, Minnesota.
Phillis Wheatley YWCA, Washington, D.C., listed on the NRHP in Northwest Quadrant, Washington, D.C.
^ "Grand Central Hotel". Western Australia State Heritage.
^ a b c Antoinette J. Lee (Fall 1997). "Supporting Working Women: YWCA Buildings in the National Register of Historic Places". OAH Magazine of History. Archived from the original on 2010-11-27.
Masonic buildings / Masonic buildings in the U.S.
This page was last edited on 24 February 2019, at 18:53 (UTC).


text:
Los hilos de POSIX, también conocidos como pthreads, son un modelo de ejecución independiente del lenguaje de programación. Este modelo permite que un programa controle varios flujos de trabajo diferentes que se solapan en el tiempo. A cada uno de estos flujos de trabajo se los conoce como subprocesos, y su creación y control se realiza mediante llamadas a la API de hilos de POSIX, definida por el estándar POSIX.1c, extensiones a los hilos (IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995).

Hay implementaciones de la API en muchos sistemas operativos compatibles con POSIX o similares a UNIX, como por ejemplo FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, macOS, Android,  Solaris, Redox y AUTOSAR Adaptive. Estas implementaciones normalmente vienen en forma de librería. En Microsoft Windows también hay implementaciones, aunque no nativas: con SFU/SUA se podían utilizar los hilos de POSIX, o bien con librerías externas como pthreads-w32, que implementa el funcionamiento de pthreads utilizando el API nativo de hilos de Windows.

Contenido
pthreads define un conjunto de tipos, funciones y constantes en el lenguaje de programación C. Se implementa con un encabezado pthread.h y una biblioteca de hilos.

Existen al rededor de 100 procedimientos, todos con el prefijo pthread_, y pueden dividirse en cuatro categorías:

 Gestión de hilos (creación, sincronización al finalizar, etc.).
 Exclusión mutua.
 Monitores.
 Sincronización entre hilos.

La API de semáforos POSIX funciona con los hilos de POSIX, pero no forma parte del estándar ya que se definió en la extensión POSIX.1b, extensiones de tiempo real (IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993). Como consecuencia de ello, los procedimientos de semáforo tienen el prefijo sem_ en lugar de pthread_.

Ejemplo
Un ejemplo que ilustra el uso de pthreads en C:#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define NUM_HILOS 5

void *realiza_trabajo(void *args) {
	int indice = *((int *) args);
	int duerme = 1 + rand() % NUM_HILOS;

	printf("Hilo %d iniciado.\n", indice);
	printf("Hilo %d dormirá %d segundos.\n", indice, duerme);
	sleep(duerme);
	printf("Hilo %d finaliza.\n", indice);

	return NULL;
}

int main(void) {
	pthread_t hilos[NUM_HILOS];
	int args_hilos[NUM_HILOS];
	int i;
	int result;

	/* Crea todos los hilos, uno a uno */
	for (i = 0; i < NUM_HILOS; i++) {
		printf("MAIN: Creando hilo %d.\n", i);
		args_hilos[i] = i;
		result = pthread_create(&hilos[i], NULL, realiza_trabajo, &args_hilos[i]);
		assert(!result);
	}

	printf("MAIN: todos los hilos creados.\n");

	/* Espera a que cada hilo termine su trabajo */
	for (i = 0; i < NUM_HILOS; i++) {
		result = pthread_join(hilos[i], NULL);
		assert(!result);
		printf("MAIN: El hilo %d ha terminado.\n", i);
	}

	printf("MAIN termina.\n");
	return 0;

}Este programa crea cinco hilos, cada uno de los cuales ejecuta la función realiza_trabajo que imprime el identificador del hilo por salida estándar. Para compilar este programa utilizamos gcc:
 gcc ejemplo_pthreads.c -lpthread -o ejemplo_pthreads
Y este es uno de las posibles salidas al ejecutar el programa:MAIN: Creando hilo 0.
MAIN: Creando hilo 1.
Hilo 0 iniciado.
Hilo 0 dormirá 4 segundos.
Hilo 1 iniciado.
Hilo 1 dormirá 2 segundos.
MAIN: Creando hilo 2.
MAIN: Creando hilo 3.
Hilo 2 iniciado.
Hilo 2 dormirá 3 segundos.
MAIN: Creando hilo 4.
Hilo 3 iniciado.
Hilo 3 dormirá 1 segundos.
Hilo 4 iniciado.
Hilo 4 dormirá 4 segundos.
MAIN: todos los hilos creados.
Hilo 3 finaliza.
Hilo 1 finaliza.
Hilo 2 finaliza.
Hilo 0 finaliza.
Hilo 4 finaliza.
MAIN: El hilo 0 ha terminado.
MAIN: El hilo 1 ha terminado.
MAIN: El hilo 2 ha terminado.
MAIN: El hilo 3 ha terminado.
MAIN: El hilo 4 ha terminado.
MAIN termina.

Hilos de POSIX para Windows
Windows no soporta el estándar de pthreads de forma nativa. Hay proyectos de terceros, como Pthreads4w, que buscan aportar un wrapper o envoltorio de implementación. Este proyecto también se puede usar para portabilizar código desarrollado para Unix a Windows, con pocas o ninguna modificación.

El proyecto MinGW-w64 también contiene un wrapper que implementa pthreads, llamado winpthreads. Su intención es usar llamadas al sistema nativas, a diferencia del proyecto Pthreads4w.

El subsistema Interix, disponible en el paquete Servicios de Windows para UNIX/SFU proporciona un puerto nativo de la API de pthreads, esto es, no utiliza la API de Win32 sino directamente la interfaz de llamadas al sistema operativo.

Referencias

Otras lecturas

Enlaces externos

 Especificaciones de la base del grupo abierto Número 7, IEEE Std 1003.1
Programación paralela

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
DAWN Holiday episode
Jan 3, 2023 | Podcast, Podcast Season 2
Dawn of an Era of Well-Being THE PODCASTA program that is dedicated to helping us find knowledge and comfort at a time when an atmosphere of confusion has become so pervasive. Season 2, Holiday Episode – 50 min Season greetings...
EP. 17 Dawn of an Era of Well-Being – The Podcast
EP. 17 Dawn of an Era of Well-Being – The Podcast Dawn of an Era of Well-BeingThe Podcast – Ep. 17 WITH ERVIN LASZLO & FREDERICK TSAOALISON GOLDWYN, MODERATORGUEST: SHAMINI JAIN Dawn of An Era of Well-Being is the podcast that brings together some of the...
Shamini Jain – Dawn of an Era of Well-Being Podcast ep. 17
Dec 14, 2022 | Podcast, Podcast Season 2
Dawn of an Era of Well-Being THE PODCASTA program that is dedicated to helping us find knowledge and comfort at a time when an atmosphere of confusion has become so pervasive. Season 2, Episode 17 – 55 min Shamini Jain We are very pleased to be joined today by...
EP. 16 Dawn of an Era of Well-Being – The Podcast Dawn of an Era of Well-BeingThe Podcast – Ep. 16 WITH ERVIN LASZLO & FREDERICK TSAOALISON GOLDWYN, MODERATORGUEST: DEEPAK CHOPRA Dawn of An Era of Well-Being is the podcast that brings together some of the...
Deepak Chopra – Dawn of an Era of Well-Being Podcast ep. 16
Dec 8, 2022 | Podcast, Podcast Season 2
Dawn of an Era of Well-Being THE PODCASTA program that is dedicated to helping us find knowledge and comfort at a time when an atmosphere of confusion has become so pervasive. Season 2, Episode 16 – 61 min Deepak Chopra Join us today for a very special episode...
Holistic Information Medicine – The Course
Eben Alexander & Karen Newell – Dawn of an Era of Well-Being Podcast ep. 21
Dawson Church – Dawn of an Era of Well-Being Podcast ep. 20
Jean Houston and Anneloes Smitsman – Dawn of an Era of Well-Being Podcast ep. 19
Alberto Villoldo – Dawn of an Era of Well-Being Podcast ep. 18
Categories Select Category Events Media News Podcast Podcast Season 1 Podcast Season 2 Published Books & Articles Research Blog
Archives Select Month January 2023 (6) December 2022 (4) November 2022 (4) October 2022 (1) September 2022 (3) August 2022 (1) July 2022 (2) May 2022 (2) April 2022 (4) March 2022 (7) February 2022 (10) January 2022 (12) December 2021 (9) November 2021 (5) October 2021 (10) September 2021 (3) August 2021 (6) July 2021 (1) March 2021 (4) January 2021 (3) December 2020 (1) November 2020 (5) April 2020 (1) March 2020 (6) February 2020 (4) January 2020 (2) June 2019 (1) March 2019 (1) May 2018 (1) November 2017 (2) October 2017 (1) July 2017 (1) June 2017 (2) April 2017 (2) March 2017 (1) February 2017 (1) January 2017 (3) December 2016 (1) November 2016 (2) October 2016 (2) September 2016 (2) April 2016 (1) March 2016 (2) February 2016 (1) November 2014 (1) October 2014 (11) March 2014 (1) May 2013 (1) June 2012 (1) April 2012 (1) January 2011 (2) January 2010 (1) June 2009 (1) February 2009 (1) August 2008 (1) February 2008 (1) May 2007 (1) December 2003 (1) September 2001 (1)


text:
\section{Introduction}

Traditionally, the Infeld-van der Waerden $\gamma \varepsilon $-formalisms
[1] constitute the classical two-component spinor framework for general
relativity. The construction of these formalisms was primarily aimed at
exhibiting an elementary description of the dynamics of Dirac fields in
generally relativistic spacetimes. Such formalisms had been designed
originally much earlier than the achievement of the definitive conditions
for a curved space to admit spinor structures locally [2-4]. The legitimacy
of the procedures for building up them relies crucially upon the existence
of sets of Hermitian connecting objects at non-singular spacetime points.
Their affine prescriptions were formally shaped upon the ones that occur in
the realm of general relativity. Thus, the generalized Weyl gauge group [5]
is taken to operate on spin spaces set up locally in a way that does not
depend at all upon the action of manifold mapping groups. Loosely speaking,
all curvature spinors arise from the decomposition of mixed world-spin
quantities that result from the action of torsionless covariant derivative
commutators on arbitrary spin vectors [1, 6]. The $\gamma \varepsilon
-formalisms were extensively utilized over the years by many authors in
several different ways [6-29], noticeably enough, to reconstruct some
classical generally relativistic structures and to transcribe classification
schemes for world curvature tensors. Notwithstanding the fact that the
construction of curvature spinors is implicitly carried by the formalisms,
the spin curvatures that occur in the classification schemes and some of the
spinor structures mentioned above were obtained in an artificial way by
carrying out straightforward spinor translations of Riemann and Weyl
tensors. A fairly complete algebraic description of the affine and curvature
structures tied in with the formalisms is supplied in Refs. [30-32].

The most striking physical feature of the $\gamma \varepsilon $-framework
lies over the result that any curvature spinors are expressed as sums of
purely gravitational and electromagnetic contributions which produce, in an
inextricably geometric way, the occurrence of wave functions for gravitons
and photons of both handednesses. The gravitational contributions for the
\varepsilon $-formalism were utilized in Refs. [18, 19] to support a spinor
translation of Einstein's equations. It had been established a little
earlier [20] that any of them should show up as a spinor pair which must be
associated to the irreducible decomposition of a Riemann tensor. Any
gravitational wave functions for either formalism are defined as totally
symmetric curvature pieces that occur in spinor decompositions of Weyl
tensors [18]. On the other hand, each electromagnetic curvature contribution
emerges as a pair of suitably contracted pieces\ which enter the spinor
representation of a locally defined Maxwell bivector [30]. The work of Ref.
[4] gives a rough description of the propagation of gravitons for the
\varepsilon $-formalism together with a derivation of the patterns for their
interactions with external electromagnetic fields. In Refs. [30, 32], the
full $\gamma \varepsilon $-description of the propagation of spin curvatures
in vacuum is brought out. It thus appears that the couplings between
gravitons and photons are strictly borne in both formalisms by the wave
equations that govern the electromagnetic propagation. The propagation of
gravitons in the presence of arbitrary sources is described in Ref. [33]
where a somewhat important condition on the first covariant derivative of
energy-momentum tensors is deduced. A specialization of this description for
the particular case of sources coming from eletromagnetic curvatures, is
given in Ref. [26]. The work of Ref. [27] touches upon an interesting
situation concerning the occurrence of geometric sources in the field
equations for Infeld-van der Waerden photons. In Ref. [30], it was suggested
for the first time that a description of some of the physical properties of
the cosmic microwave background could be achieved by looking at the
propagation in Friedmann-like conformally flat spacetimes of electromagnetic
curvatures. A notable class of conformally flat spacetimes which admit
decomposable Christoffel connexions, was considered in Ref. [21] in
conjunction with a derivation of the corresponding spin-affine and curvature
configurations for the $\gamma $-formalism. It was shown thereabout that the
whole derivation can actually be implemented only if a specific constancy
property is imposed on one of the spin densities borne by the expression for
a characteristic $\gamma $-metric function. Explicit expressions for the
gravitational spinors of those spacetimes were then derived. A detailed
description of the interaction couplings that take place in the formulation
of Dirac's theory in curved spacetimes has likewise been given [22]. This
latter work has really made up the original description of Dirac fields as
given by Infeld and van der Waerden.

In the present work, we exhibit the formulation of the theory of classical
Proca fields within the framework of the $\gamma $-formalism. The theory of
spin densities and the gauge transformations inherently borne by the
\varepsilon $-formalism [30, 31] will not be exhibited by this point since
the $\varepsilon $-counterparts of our key developments do not bring forth
any further formal insight. The spinor field equations are obtained out of
transcribing directly the statements that make out the world version of the
theory. Some well-known calculational techniques are then utilized for
deriving the wave equations that control the propagation of the fields taken
into consideration. Indeed, these techniques are just the same as the ones
employed in Refs. [23, 30] for obtaining the typical wave equations of the
entire $\gamma \varepsilon $-framework. Hence, no interaction couplings
between Proca fields and electromagnetic curvatures are ultimately carried
by the resulting wave equations. What comes about is, in effect, that the
only interactions which occur in the theoretical context being considered
involve strictly Proca fields and wave functions for gravitons. One of our
motivations for elaborating upon the situation entertained herein is related
to the absence from the literature of any systematic two-component
description of the propagation of massive spinning bosons in generally
relativistic spacetimes. In our view, it might be worthwhile to work out
such a massive case towards exhibiting the patterns of the couplings that
should arise in the pertinent context. It is from this fact that the main
physical aim of our paper stems.

We will adopt the notation adhered to in Ref. [30] except that spacetime
components will now be labelled by lower-case Greek letters. Kernel letters
for world and spin quantities will broadly appear as Greek and Latin
letters. In particular, we denote as $x^{\mu }$ some local coordinates on a
spacetime $\mathfrak{M}$ equipped with a torsionless covariant derivative
operator $\nabla _{\mu }$. A world metric tensor $g_{\mu \nu }$ on
\mathfrak{M}$ presumably bears the local signature $(+---)$. We thus require
$g_{\mu \nu }$ to fulfill at the outset the metric compatibility condition
of general relativit
\begin{equation*}
\nabla _{\mu }g_{\lambda \sigma }=0,
\end{equation*
which means that we shall allow for the (unique) Levi-Civita connection
associated to $\nabla _{\mu }$. The partial derivative operator for $x^{\mu
} $ is denoted by $\partial _{\mu }$, and the Riemann tensor of $\nabla
_{\mu } $ is written as $R_{\mu \nu \lambda \sigma }$. Our sign convention
for the respective Ricci tensor $R_{\mu \nu }$ is the same as the one
adopted in Ref. [4]. The determinant of $g_{\mu \nu }$ and the covariant
alternating world density in $\mathfrak{M}$ will especially be denoted as
\mathfrak{g}$ and $\mathfrak{\epsilon }_{\mu \nu \lambda \sigma }$,
respectively. We shall use the primed-unprimed index notation of Ref. [4]
upon dealing with conjugate spinor components. World indices all range over
the four values $0,1,2,3$ whereas spinor indices take either the values $0,1$
or $0^{\prime },1^{\prime }$. We will utilize the convention according to
which the effect on any index block of the actions of the symmetry and
antisymmetry operators is indicated by surrounding the indices singled out
with round and square brackets, respectively. A horizontal bar lying over a
kernel letter will sometimes be used to denote the operation of complex
conjugation. Further conventions will be explained in due course.

Our outline has been set as follows. For the sake of consistency, the world
version of the Proca theory is formulated in Section 2 on the basis of the
standard least-action principle for classical fields in curved spacetimes
[34]. Section 3 brings out the overall system of spinor field equations. In
Section 4, we carry out the derivation of our wave equations. Some remarks
on our work are made in Section 5. The calculational techniques referred to
above shall be taken for granted from the beginning.

\section{World theory}

The least-action principle for the Proca theory in $\mathfrak{M}$ is written
a
\begin{equation}
\delta S=\delta \int_{\Omega }\mathcal{L}\sqrt{-\mathfrak{g}}d^{4}x=0,
\label{e1}
\end{equation
where $\mathcal{L}$ denotes the Lagrangian densit
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}=-\frac{1}{4}f^{\mu \nu }f_{\mu \nu }+\frac{1}{2}m^{2}A^{\mu
}A_{\mu },  \label{e2}
\end{equation
which carries the Proca bivecto
\begin{equation}
f_{\mu \nu }=2\partial _{\lbrack \mu }A_{\nu ]}=2\nabla _{\lbrack \mu
}A_{\nu ]},  \label{e3}
\end{equation
with $A_{\mu }$ and $m$ being a Proca potential and the mass of $f_{\mu \nu
} $. Usually, the variation $\delta $ bears linearity and obeys the Leibniz
rule, in addition to being defined so as to commute with partial derivatives
and integrations. The integral of Eq. (\ref{e1}) is taken over a volume
\Omega $ in $\mathfrak{M}$ whose closure is compact, an
\begin{equation}
d^{4}x=\frac{1}{4!}\mathfrak{\epsilon }_{\mu \nu \lambda \sigma }dx^{\mu
}\wedge dx^{\nu }\wedge dx^{\lambda }\wedge dx^{\sigma }  \label{e4}
\end{equation
defines an elementary volume density in $\Omega $, with the symbol
\textquotedblleft $\wedge $\textquotedblright\ thus denoting the wedge
product.

With the help of Eqs. (\ref{e2}) and (\ref{e3}), we can rewrite the
statement (\ref{e1}) a
\begin{equation}
\delta S=\int_{\Omega }(-f^{\mu \nu }\partial _{\mu }\delta A_{\nu
}+m^{2}A^{\nu }\text{$\delta $}A_{\nu })\sqrt{-\mathfrak{g}}d^{4}x=0,
\label{e5}
\end{equation
where $\delta A_{\nu }$ is taken as an arbitrary covariant quantity in
\Omega $ that vanishes on the boundary $\partial \Omega $ of $\Omega $.
Hence, performing an integration by parts in (\ref{e5}), yield
\begin{align}
& \int_{\Omega }[\frac{1}{\sqrt{-\mathfrak{g}}}\partial _{\mu }(\sqrt{
\mathfrak{g}}f^{\mu \nu })+m^{2}A^{\nu }]\sqrt{-\mathfrak{g}}\delta A_{\nu
}d^{4}x  \notag \\
& -\int_{\partial \Omega }f^{\mu \nu }\sqrt{-\mathfrak{g}}\delta A_{\nu
}d^{3}x_{\mu }=0,  \label{e6}
\end{align
wit
\begin{equation}
d^{3}x_{\mu }=\frac{1}{3!}\mathfrak{\epsilon }_{\mu \nu \lambda \sigma
}dx^{\nu }\wedge dx^{\lambda }\wedge dx^{\sigma },  \label{e7}
\end{equation
whence we can write down the field equation
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{\sqrt{-\mathfrak{g}}}\partial _{\mu }(\sqrt{-\mathfrak{g}}f^{\mu
\nu })+m^{2}A^{\nu }=0,  \label{e8}
\end{equation
which amount to the same thing a
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{\mu }f^{\mu \nu }+m^{2}A^{\nu }=0.  \label{e9}
\end{equation}

Equations (\ref{e9}) constitute the first world half of Proca's theory in
\mathfrak{M}$. The second half comes into play as the Bianchi identit
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{\lbrack \mu }f_{\lambda \sigma ]}=0,  \label{e10}
\end{equation
which can be reexpressed a
\begin{equation}
\nabla ^{\mu }{}f_{\mu \nu }^{\ast }=0,  \label{e11}
\end{equation
where
\begin{equation}
f_{\mu \nu }^{\ast }=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-\mathfrak{g}}\mathfrak{\epsilon
_{\mu \nu \lambda \sigma }f^{\lambda \sigma }  \label{e12}
\end{equation
is the dual bivector of $f_{\mu \nu }$. It follows that, by taking the
covariant divergence of the left-hand side of Eq. (\ref{e9}), likewise
implementing the commutator expansio
\begin{equation}
\lbrack \nabla _{\mu },\nabla _{\nu }]f^{\mu \nu }=R_{\mu \nu \lambda
}{}^{\mu }f^{\lambda \nu }+R_{\mu \nu \lambda }{}^{\nu }f^{\mu \lambda
}=2R_{\mu \nu }f^{\mu \nu }\equiv 0,  \label{e14}
\end{equation
we promptly arrive a
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{\mu }A^{\mu }=0.  \label{e15}
\end{equation
A similar procedure involves inserting (\ref{e3}) into (\ref{e9}) to ge
\begin{equation}
(\square +m^{2})A_{\mu }-\nabla _{\lambda }\nabla _{\mu }A^{\lambda }=0,
\label{e16}
\end{equation
whence, making use of the equalit
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{\lambda }\nabla _{\mu }A^{\lambda }=\nabla _{\mu }(\nabla _{\lambda
}A^{\lambda })+R_{\lambda \mu \sigma }{}^{\lambda }A^{\sigma },  \label{e17}
\end{equation
and calling upon (\ref{e15}), we end up with the wave equatio
\begin{equation}
(\square +m^{2})A_{\mu }+R_{\mu }{}^{\lambda }A_{\lambda }=0.  \label{e18}
\end{equation}

\section{Spinor field equations}

By definition, any Proca wave functions enter formal bivector expansions like

\begin{equation}
\sigma _{AA^{\prime }}^{\mu }\sigma _{BB^{\prime }}^{\nu }f_{\mu \nu
}=f_{AA^{\prime }BB^{\prime }}=\gamma _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }}\psi
_{AB}+\gamma _{AB}\psi _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }},  \label{e19}
\end{equation
wit
\begin{equation}
\psi _{AB}=\frac{1}{2}f_{ABC^{\prime }}{}^{C^{\prime }}=\psi _{(AB)},\text{
\psi _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }}=\frac{1}{2}f_{A^{\prime }B^{\prime
}C}{}^{C}=\psi _{(A^{\prime }B^{\prime })},  \label{e20}
\end{equation
and $(\gamma _{AB},$ $\gamma _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }})$ being a pair of
covariant metric spinors for the $\gamma $-formalism. The $\sigma $-symbols
carried by Eq. (\ref{e19}) are some appropriate Hermitian connecting
objects, which supposedly fulfill the covariant constancy requirement (see,
for instance, Ref. [32]
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{\mu }\sigma _{BB^{\prime }}^{\lambda }=0.  \label{e21}
\end{equation
Accordingly, either of $\psi _{AB}$ and $\psi _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }}$ is
a massive spin-one uncharged field that represents locally the six degrees
of freedom of $f_{\mu \nu }$ in $\mathfrak{M}$. The corresponding
field-potential relationships are given b
\begin{equation}
\psi _{AB}=-\nabla _{(A}^{C^{\prime }}A_{B)C^{\prime }},\text{ }\psi
_{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }}=-\nabla _{(A^{\prime }}^{C}A_{B^{\prime })C}
\label{e22}
\end{equation
an
\begin{equation}
\psi {}^{AB}=\nabla _{C^{\prime }}^{(A}A^{B)C^{\prime }},\text{ }\psi
^{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }}=\nabla _{C}^{(A^{\prime }}A^{B^{\prime })C}.
\label{e23}
\end{equation}

In passing, we point out that, in deriving Eqs. (\ref{e22}) and (\ref{e23}),
it may be necessary to implement the Infeld-van der Waerden eigenvalue
equations [6, 31
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{\mu }\gamma _{BC}=i\beta _{\mu }\gamma _{BC},\text{ }\nabla _{\mu
}\gamma ^{BC}=-i\beta _{\mu }\gamma ^{BC},  \label{e24}
\end{equation
as well as their complex conjugates. The quantity $\beta _{\mu }$ amounts to
the world vecto
\begin{equation}
\beta _{\mu }=\nabla _{\mu }\Phi +2\Phi _{\mu },  \label{e25}
\end{equation
which is invariant under the action of the Weyl gauge group [1, 6], with
\Phi $ and $\Phi _{\mu }$ being, respectively, the polar argument of the
independent component of $\gamma _{AB}$ and a $\gamma $-formalism
electromagnetic potential. It is useful to introduce the Maxwell bivector
associated to $\Phi _{\mu }$. We have, in effect
\begin{equation}
F_{\mu \nu }=2\partial _{\lbrack \mu }\Phi _{\nu ]}=2\nabla _{\lbrack \mu
}\Phi _{\nu ]}.  \label{e26}
\end{equation
The spinor decomposition of $F_{\mu \nu }$ takes up the wave functions $\phi
_{AB}$ and $\phi _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }}$ which thus supply dynamical
states for Infeld-van der Waerden photons in $\mathfrak{M}$. These wave
functions essentially constitute the electromagnetic curvature of $\mathfrak
M}$, thereby being deeply rooted into the geometric structure of $\mathfrak{
}$. It is obvious that the geometric field-potential relationships may right
away be attained from (\ref{e22}) and (\ref{e23}) by making trivial
replacements of kernel letters. Such relationships shall be utilized later
in Section 4.

The first spinor half of Proca's theory arises here from the two-component
transcription of Eq. (\ref{e9}) whence, by invoking (\ref{e21}), we obtain
the field equations\footnote
The symbol \textquotedblleft c.c.\textquotedblright\ will henceforth denote
an overall complex conjugate piece.
\begin{equation}
\nabla ^{AA^{\prime }}(\gamma _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }}\psi _{AB}+\text{c.c.
)+m^{2}A_{BB^{\prime }}=0.  \label{e27}
\end{equation
The second half now consists of the statements

\begin{equation}
\nabla ^{AA^{\prime }}f_{AA^{\prime }BB^{\prime }}^{\ast }=i\nabla
^{AA^{\prime }}\left( \gamma _{AB}\psi _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }}-\text{c.c.
\right) =0,  \label{e28}
\end{equation
which effectively account for the dual expansio
\begin{equation}
\sigma _{AA^{\prime }}^{\mu }\sigma _{BB^{\prime }}^{\nu }f_{\mu \nu }^{\ast
}=i(\gamma _{AB}\psi _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }}-\gamma _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime
}}\psi _{AB}).  \label{e29}
\end{equation
Of course, Eq. (\ref{e28}) may be reset as the Hermitian configuratio
\begin{equation}
\nabla ^{AA^{\prime }}\left( \gamma _{A^{\prime }B^{\prime }}\psi
_{AB}\right) =\nabla ^{AA^{\prime }}\left( \gamma _{AB}\psi _{A^{\prime
}B^{\prime }}\right) .  \label{e30}
\end{equation
We should also observe that the pattern of Eq. (\ref{e29}) oftenly emerges
from the combination of (\ref{e19}) with the alternating expansio
\begin{equation}
\sqrt{-\mathfrak{g}}\mathfrak{\epsilon }_{AA^{\prime }BB^{\prime }CC^{\prime
}DD^{\prime }}=i(\gamma _{AC}\gamma _{BD}\gamma _{A^{\prime }D^{\prime
}}\gamma _{B^{\prime }C^{\prime }}-\gamma _{AD}\gamma _{BC}\gamma
_{A^{\prime }C^{\prime }}\gamma _{B^{\prime }D^{\prime }}).  \label{e31}
\end{equation}

Typically, the entire Proca theory in $\mathfrak{M}$ is written out
explicitly as the field equations
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{B^{\prime }}^{A}\psi _{AB}+\frac{1}{2}m^{2}A_{BB^{\prime }}-i\beta
_{B^{\prime }}^{A}\psi _{AB}=0  \label{e32}
\end{equation
an
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{A}^{B^{\prime }}\psi ^{AB}-\frac{1}{2}m^{2}A^{BB^{\prime }}+i\beta
_{A}^{B^{\prime }}\psi ^{AB}=0,  \label{e33}
\end{equation
together with the complex conjugates of (\ref{e32}) and (\ref{e33}). A
formal simplification to it can be accomplished by utilizing Eqs. (\ref{e24
) along with metric prescriptions of the typ
\begin{equation}
\nabla ^{AB^{\prime }}\psi _{AB}=\nabla ^{AB^{\prime }}(\psi _{A}^{C}\gamma
_{CB}),\text{ }\nabla _{AB^{\prime }}\psi ^{AB}=\nabla _{AB^{\prime
}}(\gamma ^{BC}\psi _{C}^{A}).  \label{e34}
\end{equation
For the unprimed wave functions, for instance, we thus have the equivalent
statement
\begin{equation}
\nabla ^{AB^{\prime }}\psi _{A}^{B}+\frac{1}{2}m^{2}A^{BB^{\prime }}=0,\text{
}\nabla _{AB^{\prime }}\psi _{B}^{A}-\frac{1}{2}m^{2}A_{BB^{\prime }}=0.
\label{e35}
\end{equation
Evidently, the symmetry borne by the wave functions makes it immaterial to
order their indices.

\section{Wave equations}

At this stage, we shall follow up the procedure which amounts to
implementing the calculational techniques mentioned in Section 1 towards
deriving the wave equations for the fields that occur in the statements (\re
{e32})-(\ref{e35}). We will initially work out the procedure for $\psi ^{AB}$
and $\psi _{A}^{B}$. The wave equation for $\psi _{AB}$ will then be
obtained by taking into effect a valence interchange rule that had been
deduced originally [30] in connection with the presentation of the general
description of $\gamma \varepsilon $-curvatures. We may certainly get the
wave equations for any primed fields by taking complex conjugates. Equations
(\ref{e24}) will be used so many times in what follows that we will no
longer refer to them explicitly.

We start by operating with $\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}$ on the configuration of
Eq. (\ref{e33}). Hence, using the operator correlatio
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}\nabla _{A}^{B^{\prime }}=\gamma _{LC}\nabla
_{B^{\prime }}^{L}(\gamma _{MA}\nabla ^{MB^{\prime }})=i\beta _{CB^{\prime
}}\nabla _{A}^{B^{\prime }}+\gamma _{LC}\gamma _{MA}\nabla _{B^{\prime
}}^{L}\nabla ^{MB^{\prime }},  \label{e36}
\end{equation
together with the splittin
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{B^{\prime }}^{L}\nabla ^{MB^{\prime }}=\Delta ^{LM}+\frac{1}{2
\gamma ^{LM}\square  \label{e37}
\end{equation
and the definition\footnote
The object $\square $\ equals the covariant D'Alembertian operator $\nabla
^{\mu }\nabla _{\mu }$ whilst $\Delta ^{AB}$ is linear and enjoys the
Leibniz rule property.
\begin{equation}
\Delta ^{AB}=\nabla _{C^{\prime }}^{(A}\nabla ^{B)C^{\prime }},  \label{e38}
\end{equation
we get the contribution
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}\nabla _{A}^{B^{\prime }}\psi ^{AB}=i\beta
_{CB^{\prime }}\nabla _{A}^{B^{\prime }}\psi ^{AB}+(\Delta _{AC}-\frac{1}{2
\gamma _{AC}\square )\psi ^{AB}.  \label{e39}
\end{equation
The $\Delta $-derivative of (\ref{e39}) read
\begin{equation}
\Delta _{AC}\psi ^{AB}=\frac{R}{6}\gamma _{CA}\psi ^{AB}+\Psi
_{AMC}{}^{B}\psi ^{AM}-2i\phi _{AC}\psi ^{AB},  \label{e40}
\end{equation
where $\phi _{AB}$ stands for a wave function for Infeld-van der Waerden
photons and $\Psi _{ABCD}$ is a wave function for gravitons in $\mathfrak{M}
. For the $\beta $-term of (\ref{e39}), we hav
\begin{equation}
i\beta _{CB^{\prime }}\nabla _{A}^{B^{\prime }}\psi ^{AB}=i(\beta
_{B^{\prime }(A}\nabla _{C)}^{B^{\prime }}-\frac{1}{2}\gamma _{AC}\beta
^{\mu }\nabla _{\mu })\psi ^{AB}.  \label{e41}
\end{equation
In addition, recalling the unprimed relation of (\ref{e23}), produces the
following expansion for the differential kernel of the operated mass term
coming from (\ref{e33})
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}A^{BB^{\prime }}=\gamma _{MC}(\psi ^{MB}+\frac{1}{2
\gamma ^{MB}\nabla _{\mu }A^{\mu }),  \label{e42}
\end{equation
which, by virtue of Eq. (\ref{e15}), may be simplified t
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}A^{BB^{\prime }}=\gamma _{MC}\psi ^{MB}.  \label{e43}
\end{equation}

We have next to allow for the contributio
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}(i\beta _{A}^{B^{\prime }}\psi ^{AB})=(i\nabla
_{CB^{\prime }}\beta _{A}^{B^{\prime }})\psi ^{AB}+i\beta _{A}^{B^{\prime
}}\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}\psi ^{AB}.  \label{e44}
\end{equation
It is evident that the sum of the $\beta $-term of (\ref{e39}) with the
second term lying on the right-hand side of (\ref{e44}), bears skewness in
the indices $A$ and $C$, that is to say
\begin{equation}
i\beta _{CB^{\prime }}\nabla _{A}^{B^{\prime }}\psi ^{AB}+i\beta
_{A}^{B^{\prime }}\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}\psi ^{AB}=i\gamma _{CA}\beta _{\mu
}\nabla ^{\mu }\psi ^{AB}.  \label{Add1}
\end{equation
For the other individual term of (\ref{e44}), we spell out the auxiliary
configuration
\begin{equation}
i\nabla _{B^{\prime }[C}\beta _{A]}^{B^{\prime }}=\frac{1}{2}\gamma
_{AC}(\beta ^{\mu }\beta _{\mu }-i\nabla _{\mu }\beta ^{\mu })  \label{e45}
\end{equation
an
\begin{equation}
i\nabla _{B^{\prime }(C}\beta _{A)}^{B^{\prime }}=i(\Delta _{AC}\Phi +2\phi
_{AC}),  \label{e46}
\end{equation
where $\Phi $ is given by Eq. (\ref{e25}). The $\Delta $-derivative of (\re
{e46}) vanishes identically\footnote
Within the $\gamma \varepsilon $-framework, the quantity $\Phi $ is looked
upon as a world scalar subject to a suitable gauge behaviour.} because of
the torsionlessness of $\nabla _{\mu }$. It follows that, fitting pieces
together, yield
\begin{equation}
(\square +2i\beta ^{\mu }\nabla _{\mu }+\Theta +\frac{R}{3}+m^{2})\psi
^{AB}-2\Psi ^{AB}{}_{LM}\psi ^{LM}=0,  \label{e47}
\end{equation
wit
\begin{equation}
\Theta \doteqdot -\beta ^{\mu }\beta _{\mu }+i\nabla _{\mu }\beta ^{\mu }.
\label{e48}
\end{equation}

The entire derivation of the wave equation for the field involved in Eqs.
\ref{e35}) does not produce any couplings other than a gravitational one
which looks like that borne by (\ref{e47}). Roughly speaking, the only
reason for this rests upon the result that we can carry out the relevant
derivation without having to call for any correlations like (\ref{e36}) or
\ref{e45}), with the valence pattern of $\psi _{A}^{B}$ accordingly ensuring
the absence of any $\phi \psi $-interactions.\footnote
The work of Ref. [30] describes in detail on the basis of the theory of spin
densities the situation related to the eventual absence of electromagnetic
contributions from $\Delta $-derivatives.} For the first of Eqs. (\ref{e35
), say, we thus reexpress (\ref{e37}) a
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}\nabla ^{AB^{\prime }}=\gamma _{MC}(\Delta ^{AM}-\frac
1}{2}\gamma ^{AM}\square ),  \label{e49}
\end{equation
and let the splitting (\ref{e49}) act on $\psi _{A}^{B}$ such that the
relation (\ref{e43}) still holds. Consequently, by taking account of the
derivativ
\begin{equation}
\Delta _{C}^{A}\psi _{A}^{B}=\frac{R}{6}\psi _{C}^{B}+\Psi ^{AB}{}_{CD}\psi
_{A}^{D},  \label{e50}
\end{equation
while resetting the kernel for the mass term a
\begin{equation}
\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}A^{BB^{\prime }}=\psi _{C}^{B},  \label{e51}
\end{equation
and making some index substitutions thereafter, we obtai
\begin{equation}
(\square +\frac{R}{3}+m^{2})\psi _{A}^{B}{}+2\Psi _{AD}{}{}^{BC}\psi
_{C}^{D}{}=0.  \label{e52}
\end{equation
It is worth pointing out that the $\Delta $-derivative of (\ref{e50})
possesses the propert
\begin{equation}
\Delta ^{A[C}\psi _{A}^{B]}{}=0.  \label{e53}
\end{equation}

The wave equation for $\psi _{AB}$ can indeed be derived from (\ref{e47}) by
applying to it the simultaneous interchange
\begin{equation}
i\beta ^{\mu }\nabla _{\mu }\leftrightarrow -i\beta ^{\mu }\nabla _{\mu }
\text{ }\Theta \leftrightarrow \overline{\Theta },  \label{e54}
\end{equation
which come naturally from the utilization of the differential device
\begin{equation}
\square \psi _{AB}=\square (\psi {}^{CD}\gamma _{CA}\gamma _{DB}),\text{
\square (\gamma _{CA}\gamma _{DB})=-\overline{\Upsilon }\gamma _{CA}\gamma
_{DB}  \label{e55}
\end{equation
and
\begin{equation}
2(\nabla _{\mu }\psi {}^{CD})\nabla ^{\mu }(\gamma _{CA}\gamma
_{DB})=4(2\beta ^{\mu }\beta _{\mu }+i\beta ^{\mu }\nabla _{\mu })\psi _{AB},
\label{e56}
\end{equation
with the definitio
\begin{equation}
\Upsilon \doteqdot 2(\beta ^{\mu }\beta _{\mu }-\overline{\Theta }).
\label{e57}
\end{equation
We thus hav
\begin{equation}
(\square -2i\beta ^{\mu }\nabla _{\mu }+\overline{\Theta }{}+\frac{R}{3
+m^{2})\psi _{AB}-2\Psi {}_{AB}{}^{LM}\psi _{LM}=0.  \label{e58}
\end{equation}

\section{Concluding remarks}

We saw that the coupling $2i\phi _{AC}\psi ^{AB}$ occurs through the
expansions (\ref{e40}) and (\ref{e46}) in the derivation that leads to the
wave equation (\ref{e47}), but it nevertheless turns out to be cancelled
when the derivation is actually carried through. If we had instead worked
out the derivation procedure for $\psi _{AB}$, then such a $\phi \psi
-coupling would have once again arisen at some intermediate calculational
steps as can clearly be seen from the combined configuration
\begin{equation*}
\left( 2\Delta ^{AC}-\gamma ^{AC}\square \right) \psi _{AB}+m^{2}\nabla
_{B^{\prime }}^{C}A_{B}^{B^{\prime }}=2i\nabla _{B^{\prime }}^{C}(\beta
^{AB^{\prime }}\psi _{AB}),
\end{equation*
\begin{equation*}
2\Delta ^{AC}\psi _{AB}{}=\frac{R}{3}\psi _{B}^{C}{}{}{}{}-2\Psi
_{B}{}{}^{CMN}\psi _{MN}{}+4i\phi ^{AC}{}\psi _{AB}{}
\end{equation*
an
\begin{equation*}
(\nabla _{B^{\prime }}^{(C}\beta ^{A)B^{\prime }})\psi _{AB}=\left( \Delta
^{AC}\Phi +2\phi ^{AC}\right) \psi _{AB},\text{ }\nabla _{B^{\prime
}}^{[C}\beta ^{A]B^{\prime }}=\frac{1}{2}\gamma ^{CA}\nabla _{\mu }\beta
^{\mu }.
\end{equation*
Thus, by using the prescriptio
\begin{equation*}
\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}A_{B}^{B^{\prime }}=\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}(\gamma
^{B^{\prime }C^{\prime }}A_{BC^{\prime }}),
\end{equation*
likewise invoking one of the relationships (\ref{e22}) and implementing (\re
{e15}), we could rearrange the kernel of the differentiated mass term of Eq.
(\ref{e32}) a
\begin{equation*}
\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}A_{B}^{B^{\prime }}=\psi _{BC}+i\beta _{CB^{\prime
}}A_{B}^{B^{\prime }},
\end{equation*
which particularly carries the potential couplin
\begin{equation*}
i\Phi _{CB^{\prime }}A_{B}^{B^{\prime }}=i(\Phi _{B^{\prime
}(B}A_{C)}^{B^{\prime }}-\frac{1}{2}\gamma _{BC}\Phi _{\mu }A^{\mu }).
\end{equation*
In fact, the desirable covariance of Eq. (\ref{e58}) under the geometrically
intrinsic $\gamma $-formalism gauge transformation [30
\begin{equation*}
\Phi _{\mu }\mapsto \Phi _{\mu }-\partial _{\mu }\theta ,
\end{equation*
is brought about when we call for the contributio
\begin{equation*}
2i\beta ^{AB^{\prime }}\nabla _{CB^{\prime }}\psi _{AB}=(2i\beta ^{\mu
}\nabla _{\mu }+\beta ^{\mu }\beta _{\mu })\psi _{BC}+im^{2}\beta
_{CB^{\prime }}A_{B}^{B^{\prime }},
\end{equation*
which accordingly entails the cancellation of all $\Phi $-potential
couplings.

It should be obvious that both of the wave equations (\ref{e47}) and (\re
{e58}) could be readily derived from (\ref{e52}) by taking into account the
correlation
\begin{equation*}
(\square \psi _{A}^{C}{})\gamma _{CB}=(\square -2i\beta ^{\mu }\nabla _{\mu
}+\overline{\Theta })\psi _{AB}{}
\end{equation*
an
\begin{equation*}
\gamma ^{AC}(\square \psi _{C}^{B}{})=(\square +2i\beta ^{\mu }\nabla _{\mu
}+\Theta )\psi ^{AB},
\end{equation*
along with the eigenvalue equation
\begin{equation*}
\square \gamma _{AB}=\Theta \gamma _{AB},\text{ }\square \gamma ^{AB}
\overline{\Theta }\gamma ^{AB}.
\end{equation*}

The work we have just presented has provided us with the characteristic
patterns of the $\gamma $-formalism version of the theory of classical Proca
fields. We emphasize that one of the most remarkable properties of the wave
equations deduced previously, is that the only interactions carried by them
involve Proca fields and gravitational wave functions. Hence, Proca fields
propagate in $\mathfrak{M}$ as if Infeld-van der Waerden electromagnetic
curvatures were absent. Therefore, we could say that our work has filled in
the gap associated to the absence of a formal two-component description of
external massive spin-one fields in general relativity. We believe that it
would be of considerable interest to obtain the physically meaningful
couplings involving external spinning fields, which should arise within the
torsional framework of Refs. [35, 36].

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

One of us (JGC) should acknowledge the referees for producing many
improvements on the paper. The work carried out here was supported in part
by the Brazilian agency CAPES.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: C++ low-level file encryption function Please forgive my idiocy...I'm a PHP guy tasked with a C++ problem.
Our C++ application reads data from certain files. We would now like these files to be encrypted on the hard drive. I'm sure that just a C++ encryption library would be easy to find, but the application also calls some DirectX functions which also read the same files.
My team leader suggested the possibility of overriding a low-level file-reading function that is called by both our code as well as the DirectX functions.
My question is, is there some library out there that does this kind of thing already? Or, are we approaching this problem in a weird way at all?

A: Well, OpenSSL. Here's binary distributions. It's actually C, not C++, but i think it doesn't matter much.
See also Crypto++.

A: Encrypt your files via the NFTS built-in encryption.
Then assign ACLs to those files which limit access to a restricted account and run your program in the context of that account or have the program perform a LoginUser() using the credentials of the restricted account before trying to read those files.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Is your child 3? School Nursery places available for immediate start, April 2019 and September 2019.
Click here to download our Starfish Nursery leaflet!
catering from three years of age in our nursery to seven years of age in year 2.
Click here for diary dates and events in school.


The NECOPS National Convention will be held at the Mohegan Sun Resort in Uncasville, CT on June 12-14, 2012.
Members and guests are invited to a golf outing ($45 per person) on the afternoon of June 12th at Norwich Golf Club which will be followed by a welcome reception open to all members in the President's Suite.
The official session will be held on June 13th, and will be followed by "Solidarity Night in Margaritaville", a solidarity dinner at Jimmy Buffets Margaritaville Restaurant inside Mohegan Sun Resort.
More information regarding the convention agenda and room reservations will be mailed to you after you register using the form below.
After you have completed your registration, more information about the convention and room reservations will be mailed and/or emailed to you. In the Comments section, please indicate which day(s) you will be attending.


Looking forward to the new antlers! Who's first?
*note original rules have been moderated and updated over the years by the EW team.
Post Your TruRACS Trophies 2!
326.495 - took me less than FIVE minutes!!! A herd of four bull elk walked right up on me on RFF as I was sitting in a tree stand..LOL!!! Love it!
and I'm #2 so far overall for Elk!!
Great first trophies here! WTG!
Well, Cireme beat me to posting a WT....but here is mine. First time I have ever been able to play right at the beginning of a release. If photobucket had worked better for me, I would have posted before Cireme!
And - coloradokid - THANKS!


text:
Kyle Stories
kjbrazil.substack.com
Kyle Brazil
Last week, while camping along the California coast, a woman stopped by my campsite to say hi to my dog. She made polite conversation and mentioned that her family was staying for a few days. I asked where she was from to which she replied, "Hong Kong." Based on that answer my assumption was that she was visiting for a bit and her kids decided to take her camping as a fun summer activity. After a few minutes of further chatting I learned she has actually lived in California for over 35 years!
The woman I was speaking to is middle-aged, of Asian descent, and had a fairly heavy accent. When I asked, "Where are you from?" she interpreted that as, "Where are you from originally?" In actuality, I was asking, "Where do you live?" While talking I learned that she moved from Hong Kong to San Francisco, where she lived for five years. She wanted more space so moved to Oakland for another seven years followed by Fremont for 25 years, where she raised her family. Only recently did she move to the Central Valley town of Manteca to, again, find more space. (She also informed me that, sadly, the water slides are now condos.)
I found it incredibly interesting that someone who has been so deeply rooted, for so long, in California would still reference the place she was born when asked where she is from. To me, her answer stems from a mix of institutional racism and cultural identity.
On the first, she has probably lived a life of people asking, "Where are you from?" assuming, based on her accent, that she is not American and wanting to know where she came from. While there is nothing inherently wrong with the question, it most often comes across as, "Where are you from? Because it's clearly not from here." The trailing subtlety is that because the person is so clearly not from "here" that they also don't belong "here."
On the second, despite leaving where she grew up at a fairly young age, and living over half her life in a different place, she very much identifies herself as being from Hong Kong and not San Francisco, Oakland, Fremont, Manteca, or even California in general. We bemoaned the lack of Asian markets in the Central Valley and she told me how she always cooks her family large Chinese dinners when she visits. As for many of us, where she was raised is a huge part of who she is, just as much as where she lives today.
The main thing I took away from this experience, besides an enjoyable conversation with a sweet woman, is to think about the subtleties that can live in seemingly simple questions. What was obvious to me was not obvious to her. I don't believe that I offended her, nor do I think that we need to constantly question our speech, but it's important to be conscious of meaning to different people with different life experiences.
Little Luna at the campsite - Manresa State Beach, CA
© 2023 Kyle Brazil


text:
Са́совский уе́зд — административная единица в Рязанской губернии РСФСР, существовавшая в 1925—1929 гг. Уездный город — Сасово.

География
Уезд был расположен на востоке Рязанской губернии, граничил с Нижегородской, Пензенской и Тамбовской губерниями. По площади уезд занимал территорию в 8917 км².

История
Уезд был образован в 1925 году в составе Рязанской губернии на большей территории упраздненного Шацкого уезда Тамбовской губернии.

В 1929 году уезд был упразднен, его территория вошла в состав Рязанского округа Центральнопромышленной области (позднее — Московской).

Демография
По итогам всесоюзной переписи населения 1926 года население уезда составило 397 843 человека, из них городское — 33 331  человек.

Административное деление
В 1925 году в состав Сасовского уезда входило 10 волостей:

См. также
 Пителинский район

Примечания

Уезды Рязанской губернии


text:
Carriera

Calciatore
Debutta in Serie D nel 1976 con la Cerretese, con cui approda in Serie C2 nel 1978.

Dopo un altro anno in Serie C2 a , passa all' con cui vince il campionato di Serie C1 1981-1982 e disputa le due stagioni seguenti in Serie B, totalizzando 56 presenze in serie cadetta.

Disputa il campionato di Serie C1 1985-1986 con la maglia della .

Collaboratore tecnico
Conclusa la carriera agonistica è rimasto nel mondo del calcio. Dal 1989 al 1993 è stato osservatore per l'Udinese, nei due anni successivi per l'Inter e poi per il Padova.

Dal 2003 affianca come vice l'allenatore Massimiliano Allegri, alla guida di Aglianese, Spal e Grosseto. Dopo un anno nello staff tecnico del Lecco, torna al fianco di Allegri in tutte le sue successive esperienze: Sassuolo, Cagliari, Milan e Juventus, con l'incarico di collaboratore tecnico-tattico ed osservatore di fiducia anche in campo internazionale.

Palmarès

Club

Competizioni nazionali

Arezzo: 1981-1982

Arezzo: 1980-1981

Note

Bibliografia

Collegamenti esterni