text:
Simultaneous inference in general parametric models
Torsten Hothorn, Frank Bretz, Peter Westfall
Simultaneous inference is a common problem in many areas of application. If multiple null hypotheses are tested simultaneously, the probability of rejecting erroneously at least one of them increases beyond the pre-specified significance level. Simultaneous inference procedures have to be used which adjust for multiplicity and thus control the overall type I error rate. In this paper we describe simultaneous inference procedures in general parametric models, where the experimental questions are specified through a linear combination of elemental model parameters. The framework described here is quite general and extends the canonical theory of multiple comparison procedures in ANOVA models to linear regression problems, generalized linear models, linear mixed effects models, the Cox model, robust linear models, etc. Several examples using a variety of different statistical models illustrate the breadth of the results. For the analyses we use the R add-on package multcomp, which provides a convenient interface to the general approach adopted here.
Biometrical Journal
https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200810425
Adjusted p-values
Multiple tests
Simultaneous confidence intervals
10.1002/bimj.200810425
Dive into the research topics of 'Simultaneous inference in general parametric models'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Simultaneous Inference Mathematics 100%
Parametric Model Business & Economics 83%
Inference Business & Economics 57%
ANOVA Model Business & Economics 37%
Cox Model Business & Economics 33%
Multiple Comparisons Business & Economics 32%
Multiple Comparison Procedures Mathematics 32%
Statistical Model Business & Economics 31%
Hothorn, T., Bretz, F., & Westfall, P. (2008). Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biometrical Journal, 50(3), 346-363. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200810425
Hothorn, Torsten ; Bretz, Frank ; Westfall, Peter. / Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. In: Biometrical Journal. 2008 ; Vol. 50, No. 3. pp. 346-363.
@article{d374de6ed55a4263998e043a6adbea06,
title = "Simultaneous inference in general parametric models",
abstract = "Simultaneous inference is a common problem in many areas of application. If multiple null hypotheses are tested simultaneously, the probability of rejecting erroneously at least one of them increases beyond the pre-specified significance level. Simultaneous inference procedures have to be used which adjust for multiplicity and thus control the overall type I error rate. In this paper we describe simultaneous inference procedures in general parametric models, where the experimental questions are specified through a linear combination of elemental model parameters. The framework described here is quite general and extends the canonical theory of multiple comparison procedures in ANOVA models to linear regression problems, generalized linear models, linear mixed effects models, the Cox model, robust linear models, etc. Several examples using a variety of different statistical models illustrate the breadth of the results. For the analyses we use the R add-on package multcomp, which provides a convenient interface to the general approach adopted here.",
keywords = "Adjusted p-values, Multiple comparisons, Multiple tests, Multivariate normal distribution, Robust statistics, Simultaneous confidence intervals",
author = "Torsten Hothorn and Frank Bretz and Peter Westfall",
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journal = "Biometrical Journal",
Hothorn, T, Bretz, F & Westfall, P 2008, 'Simultaneous inference in general parametric models', Biometrical Journal, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 346-363. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200810425
Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. / Hothorn, Torsten; Bretz, Frank; Westfall, Peter.
In: Biometrical Journal, Vol. 50, No. 3, 06.2008, p. 346-363.
T1 - Simultaneous inference in general parametric models
AU - Hothorn, Torsten
AU - Bretz, Frank
AU - Westfall, Peter
N2 - Simultaneous inference is a common problem in many areas of application. If multiple null hypotheses are tested simultaneously, the probability of rejecting erroneously at least one of them increases beyond the pre-specified significance level. Simultaneous inference procedures have to be used which adjust for multiplicity and thus control the overall type I error rate. In this paper we describe simultaneous inference procedures in general parametric models, where the experimental questions are specified through a linear combination of elemental model parameters. The framework described here is quite general and extends the canonical theory of multiple comparison procedures in ANOVA models to linear regression problems, generalized linear models, linear mixed effects models, the Cox model, robust linear models, etc. Several examples using a variety of different statistical models illustrate the breadth of the results. For the analyses we use the R add-on package multcomp, which provides a convenient interface to the general approach adopted here.
AB - Simultaneous inference is a common problem in many areas of application. If multiple null hypotheses are tested simultaneously, the probability of rejecting erroneously at least one of them increases beyond the pre-specified significance level. Simultaneous inference procedures have to be used which adjust for multiplicity and thus control the overall type I error rate. In this paper we describe simultaneous inference procedures in general parametric models, where the experimental questions are specified through a linear combination of elemental model parameters. The framework described here is quite general and extends the canonical theory of multiple comparison procedures in ANOVA models to linear regression problems, generalized linear models, linear mixed effects models, the Cox model, robust linear models, etc. Several examples using a variety of different statistical models illustrate the breadth of the results. For the analyses we use the R add-on package multcomp, which provides a convenient interface to the general approach adopted here.
KW - Adjusted p-values
KW - Multiple comparisons
KW - Multiple tests
KW - Multivariate normal distribution
KW - Robust statistics
KW - Simultaneous confidence intervals
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JO - Biometrical Journal
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Hothorn T, Bretz F, Westfall P. Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biometrical Journal. 2008 Jun;50(3):346-363. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200810425


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Neptune Little League: View the Guestbook.
Way to Go! Opening Day was a success. Thanks to all who make Little League a memorable time in a childs life. Where life long friendships are made.
Good luck in the 2004 season. I grew-up as a resident of Ocean Grove and attended Neptune Jr. High and High School. I serve as President and Player Agent im my local league here in in Luray, Virginia. Please pay our site a visit at www.eteamz.com/lurayll.


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TO THE PUBLIC
The blue of longing, the blue of distance
The world is blue at its edges and in its depths. This is the light that got lost. Light at the blue end of the spectrum does not travel the whole distance from the sun to us. It disperses among the molecules of the air, it scatters in water. (Solnit, 2006, p. 29).
So begins the chapter 'The Blue of Distance' in Rebecca Solnit's book A field guide to getting lost. In the chapter she talks about the atmospheric conditions which create the impression that things seen from a great distance appear to be blue. Like distant mountain ranges. This blue is an illusion. Solnit compares this to the emotion of longing, as something that is ever in the distance, and never within close reach.
Both the blue of distance and the blue of longing are always far away, and can never be reached, because as soon as you get to the mountain ranges the blue will appear somewhere else on the horizon, always just out of reach. Rather like the rainbow, whose mythical pot of gold can never be found because the end of the rainbow is perpetually further away.
In 1690 Isaac Newton split white light with a prism into the colours of the spectrum, and noted these colours as: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet. Newton claimed there were seven distinct colours where most would see only six. His inclusion of the colour Indigo, has been controversial. Named after a dye produced in India and valued highly in Europe (being called Blue Gold, to indicate its desirability), Indigo is described as being a colour on the spectrum between blue and violet, but is it only a shade of one or the other and not a distinct colour of its own?
It is thought that Newton, due to the conventions of alchemy, mysticism, and the science of the time (for which seven was a significant number) expected the spectrum to divide into seven distinct colours, and therefore perhaps invented Indigo in order to fit that assumption (Holtzschue, 2011, p. 135). When Johann Wolfgang von Goethe later wrote about colour theory, he revised Newton's seven colours to the six we are accustomed to seeing in the colour wheel. (Holtzschue, 2011, p. 137).
A description of Indigo is usually as a dark blue (remember Newton's contemporaries called the dye Blue Gold), or a blue-violet or purply-blue. It is contested territory.
Indigo is a colour that may not really exist. Perhaps it is an illusion, like the blue we see at the horizon, it disappears under close scrutiny.
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Stricter criteria for COVID testing at Beijing Games
Home LATEST NEWS Why is Russia massing troops on the Ukrainian border?
Why is Russia massing troops on the Ukrainian border?
Tim Borlay
What to expect over the next few weeks? And what are Vladimir Putin's goals? Responses from Marie Dumoulin, Director of the Enlarged Europe program at the European Council for International Relations (ECFR).
What is happening to the border between Russia and Ukraine and why are we talking about it now?
The crisis, in fact, has been going on since 2014, but it was a bit off the radar of the general public because it was a low-intensity conflict. However, the fighting never stopped in the Donbass. The change over the last few weeks and months, since it started in the spring, is the strengthening of Russian military capabilities at the borders of Ukraine. This reinforcement, we can see, there are images. What we do not know is the desired end. Is it actually a question of preparing an offensive? And if it is an offensive, then what would be its objective?
" Is it just a matter of stepping up the pressure or rather sending a signal to Ukraine, to Western countries, to the United States? There are a lot of possible hypotheses. "
– A quote from Marie Dumoulin, researcher at the European Council for International Relations.
What is the goal of the Russians?
In this new phase, one has the impression that the Russians are trying to test the reactions of Western countries. Is there unity or does that create divisions? What type of reaction will they adopt in the event of an offensive? Will we limit ourselves to sanctions or can we go further?
Then, it is to put pressure on Ukraine for two purposes:
1. Prevent Ukrainians from having a more assertive posture in Donbass [territoire contrôlé par les séparatistes prorusses dans l'est de l'Ukraine]. The Russians are signaling them very clearly that if they do anything in the Donbass, they are going to fall on them.
2. Make it change its policy and in particular lead it to implement the Minsk agreements [accords de cessez-le-feu de 2015] according to the Russians reading, that is, forcing Ukraine to negotiate directly with the separatists and to make concessions on other subjects, such as theNorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNATO.
Finally, the idea was undoubtedly also to establish a dialogue with the Americans on the European security architecture; Ukraine and its status vis-à-vis theNorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNATO being an element of this problematic. But he's not the only one, and that's why Putin wanted to speak directly to Joe Biden. From this point of view, the objective is accomplished, since there was a first contact. The two heads of state agreed that there would be a continuation of discussions on the current crisis between their teams.
During the videoconference, Joe Biden threatened Vladimir Putin with "strong economic sanctions" if he invaded Ukraine, while the Russian president demanded guarantees on a freeze on NATO expansion.
Photo: Reuters / SPUTNIK
So Vladimir Putin got what he wanted by having a meeting with President Biden?
One of his goals was to be able to speak directly to President Biden on these topics which, until now, have been dealt with instead with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Emmanuel Macron. There, the Russians made it very clear that they no longer wanted to talk to Europeans, but that they wanted to speak directly to the Americans. We can consider that the contact of December 7, it is the beginning of this process.
Then, this contact allowed Joe Biden to recall the fundamentals of the American position, namely support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and to point out to Vladimir Putin that, in the event of an offensive military against Ukraine, there would be very serious consequences for Russia. So it allowed both sides to pass messages.
Is the United States considering sending American troops to Ukraine?
I do not believe it is in question. There are American troops in Europe, but in countries of theNATO; and Ukraine not being a member of theNATO, the question does not arise in the same terms. The serious consequences are indeed sanctions, but strong economic sanctions that would really hurt the Russian economy.
It is not excluded, moreover, that there is an increase in military assistance to Ukraine from a number of countries, including Canada, which has already done quite a bit, notably in terms of training, in recent years.
The UK and Turkey could participate as well. This would strengthen Ukrainian military capabilities, which would increase the cost of Russian military action. However, even with military assistance, the Ukrainian armed forces will not be brought up to the level of the Russian armed forces; it is rather political and symbolic support.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky visited the front line in Donetsk, Donbass, on December 6.
Photo: via reuters
The question to which we do not really have an answer is the price the Russians are prepared to pay to achieve their objectives in Ukraine, even if we are not sure about these objectives either. Their ultimate goal is to retain influence over Ukraine and prevent it from drawing closer to Western countries and the United States.North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNATO; but does it mean maintaining a low-intensity conflict in the Donbass or does it mean other vectors, notably pro-Russian forces in Ukraine and perhaps even within Ukrainian institutions? It is undoubtedly a means which is envisaged by the Russians.
I am not sure that a large-scale military offensive would allow them to achieve their objective, because it would rather strengthen the cohesion of the Ukrainians around their independence.
Moreover, it would have a considerable cost, at the same time economic, military and undoubtedly political also in Russia itself, because the fact of launching a military offensive against a people which is regarded as a brother people by the Russians, it will not be not without political consequences in Russia.
Is there a cost to Russia of maintaining this pressure on the border in the long run?
Yes and no. Because these forces exist anyway and their deployment on Russian territory depends on how Russia sets its own strategic priorities and how it perceives threats.
If what it perceives as a greater threat is its western flank, or if it considers that, in order to preserve its strategic interests, these forces must be permanently stationed at the borders with Ukraine, so, it makes sense to keep them there. It is not excluded that in a few months or weeks there will be a gradual withdrawal [comme ça s'est fait au printemps] without going back to the previous level.
It is also possible that we are in a second stage, where Russia consolidates its military apparatus at the borders of Ukraine and trains itself to rapidly deploy an important apparatus in this region. And then, within a few weeks, it will be able to reduce this device a little, but without returning to the previous level so that, little by little, the threshold where Westerners react is higher and higher.
" We will, in a way, get used to having Russians on the border with Ukraine. "
Is there not, on the side of Vladimir Putin, a calculation saying: since we are no longer dealing with Donald Trump, who was quite unpredictable and could have reacted in an extreme way, but rather with a Joe Biden much more careful, now is the time to take advantage of it?
It certainly fits into Russian calculations, but rather because they perceive President Biden as someone they can talk to. Paradoxically, Donald Trump was more malleable, in a way. President Putin knows that if he can come to an agreement with Mr. Biden on something, it will not be called into question the next day.
So, yeah, there's that personal element, and there's also maybe the perception of an America that, looking more to China, is turning away from Europe a bit and would be ready, maybe, to agree to an agreement with Russia to get rid of the problem, as it were.
There may also be the perception of a weakening of alliances around the United States. What happened in Afghanistan obviously left its mark, as did the AUKUS episode. [un partenariat conclu en secret entre les États-Unis, le Royaume-Uni et l'Australie pour contrer la Chine] and the French reaction.
Perhaps the Russians are thinking now is the time to try and play on possible divisions. Moreover, it is not excluded that they think that time is playing against them, since as Ukraine strengthens its military capabilities, the cost of effective pressure by Russia will be higher and higher. .
The comments have been edited for clarity and brevity.
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New Generation Artists
Alec Frank-Gemmill, Robin Tritschler, Sean Shibe, Danish String Quartet, Louis Schwizgebel and Zhang Zuo feature in music by Beethoven, Boccherini, Britten and Brahms.
Clemency Burton-Hill continues her two week series showcasing the BBC Radio 3 New Generation Artists.
As part of the BBC's commitment to developing and nurturing young talent, BBC Radio 3 launched its New Generation Artists scheme in the autumn of 1999. Now well into its second decade, the scheme has acquired the reputation of being a world leader for young artists. Every autumn six to seven artists or groups who are beginning to make a mark on the international music scene are invited to join. Opportunities include concerts in London and around the UK, appearances and recordings with the BBC Orchestras, special studio recordings for Radio 3, and, for some, appearances at the Proms.
Alec Frank-Gemmill was a prize-winner at the 2011 Aeolus Wind Competition in Germany and is one of the finest of a new generation of horn players. Irish tenor, Robin Tritschler made his Royal Opera debut in 2013 and has also sung many leading roles for Welsh National Opera. Guitarist, Sean Shibe has performed recitals and as a concerto soloist throughout the United Kingdom, Europe and China; he has collaborated with several composers and premiered up to 7 new works. The Danish Quartet consists of three Danes and one Norwegian cellist, making it a truly Scandinavian ensemble. In 2009 they won First Prize in the Eleventh London International String Quartet Competition and they have won a reputation for performing the stalwarts of the string quartet repertoire as well as Scandinavian folk music. Louis Schwizgebel and Zhang Zuo are two young and rising internationals pianists - they bring today's programme to an end with some lovely piano duets by Brahms.
BEETHOVEN Sonata in F major Op.17 for horn and piano
Alec Frank-Gemmill (horn); Alasdair Beatson (piano)
BOCCHERINI Quintet no. 4 in D major G.449 (Fandango)
Sean Shibe (guitar); Danish String Quartet
BRITTEN: Canticle III - Still falls the rain Op.55 for tenor, horn and piano
Robin Tritschler (tenor); Alec Frank-Gemmill (horn); Simon Lepper (piano)
BRAHMS Waltzes Op.39 for piano duet
Louis Schwizgebel; Zhang Zuo (piano - 4 hands).
Tue 23 Dec 2014 17:45
See all episodes from New Generation Artists
Sonata in F major, Op 17
Performer: Alasdair Beatson. Performer: Alec Frank-Gemmill.
Guitar Quintet No 4 in D, G449 "Fandango"
Performer: Sean Shibe. Ensemble: Danish String Quartet.
16 Waltzes, Op 39
Performer: Zhang Zuo. Performer: Louis Schwizgebel.
Canticle III - Still falls the rain, Op 55
Singer: Robin Tritschler. Performer: Alec Frank-Gemmill. Performer: Simon Lepper.
Heitor Villa‐Lobos
12 Studies for guitar; no. 1 in E minor
Performer: Sean Shibe.
Find out more about the New Generation Artists scheme
Bringing young musicians on the threshold of international stardom to the world.


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MainAll NewsForeign AffairsPope, religious leaders meet for peace talks
Pope, religious leaders meet for peace talks
Pope holds, 'World Day of Prayer,' speaks of peace with religious leaders of all faiths, and says that Islam is not terrorism.
AFP, 20/09/16 16:20
On Tuesday, Pope Francis met for peace talks in Assisi, with faith leaders and victims of war. He broached the issues of growing religious fanaticism and escalating violence around the world.
"Today more than ever, we need peace in the face of this war that is everywhere in the world," the Argentine said ahead of his trip, which came as fighting resumed in Syria and the US investigated an attack possibly linked to the Islamic State group.
"Following the example of St. Francis (of Assisi), a man of brotherhood and kindness, we are all called to offer the world a strong testimony of our common commitment to peace and reconciliation among peoples," the pontiff said.
The annual World Day of Prayer event, established by John Paul II 30 years ago and held in the medieval town in central Italy, aims to combat both the persecution of peoples for their faiths, and acts of violence in the name of God.
The 79-year old pope arrived by helicopter and was set to eat lunch with war victims before sitting down for talks with faith leaders, including the Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby and the Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople, Bartholomew I.
The Vatican said he would also meet one-on-one with unnamed Muslim and Jewish representatives, as well as Koei Morikawa, the Supreme Head of the Tendai Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism.
At 4 p.m., the leaders will retire to pray, in their own fashion and in separate locations, before meeting again for a joint ceremony where messages of peace will be read out by each leader and by one of the war victims.
Some 500 representatives from different religious traditions have been taking part, along with lay people, in a series of round tables in the town since Sunday, on topics ranging from religious violence to climate change and the migration crisis.
It is the pope's second visit in as many months to the picturesque hillside town, where his namesake Saint Francis of Assisi was born and found God, renouncing his wealth for a life of poverty, and becoming an emissary of peace.
The head of the world's 1.2 billion Roman Catholics, who took the papal name Francis in homage to the famous Christian friar and his devotion to peace and forgiveness, has insisted that violence committed in the name of religion has nothing to do with God.
During a trip to Poland in August, he said, "the world is at war," but is driven by greed for, "interests, money, resources, not religion."
"All religions want peace, it's the others who want war."
In the wake of a series of deadly jihadist attacks in Europe, the pope also warned against equating Islam with terrorism, insisting there were fundamentalist Catholics, too.
He blamed social injustices in the West for pushing young people to extremism, saying, "Terrorism... grows where the God of money is put first."
Tags:Pope, prayer, religion, peace talks


In the case of a fire, what would happen to a polycarbonate sheet?
As an Amerilux Logistics Account Manager, Sadig Huseynov coordinates incoming and outgoing freight shipments.
AmeriLux – All four sides of our new building will feature our 40mm Blue LEXAN™ THERMOCLICK™ interlocking sheet system.
Two of the three skylights are large (50' x 50') pyramid style structures glazed with CoverLite® 25mm Triplewall polycarbonate panels.


With the mass majority of us utilizing social media like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and various blogging websites the chances of saying something that either offends or defames another person are likely. These types of lawsuits are referred to as libel, meaning defamation created by written word.
There has been a significant amount of lawsuits founded off of Facebook posts that individuals found offensive or degrading to them personally. Perhaps it was purposeful, perhaps not.
We do have freedom of speech in our country, however, defaming individuals and causing personal loss to them due to a statement can be grounds for lawsuits.
Most would have to cover the costs for attorneys out-of-pocket, but Farmers clients have the option of having "Personal Injury" protection endorsed on their homeowners policies. Personal injury covers you during defamation of character, libel and slander claims made against you. This coverage costs on average $3-8/ a YEAR.
Face it, were humans and with being humans we aren't always perfect. Social media is a two dimensional form of communication and without voice, body language and actual face-to-face contact comments can be misconstrued or misrepresented. Don't find yourself uninsured, when you found yourself misunderstood.
Call me today and let's talk about your options, don't risk thousands if not tens of thousands of costs related to a lawsuit because you didn't call to discuss coverage.
Next postIs your home OVERinsured?


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COVID-19 vaccine booster doses now available for all adults 18 and older
Contact: DOH Communications
Public inquiries: State COVID-19 Information Hotline, 1-800-525-0127
Eligibility expansion will further protect families this holiday season
OLYMPIA - Booster doses of all three COVID-19 vaccine types are now available for everyone 18 and older. The expansion comes following recommendations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices, and the Western States Scientific Safety Review Workgroup.
At least six months after receiving both doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine:
Adults age 50 and older, or those 18 and older living in a long-term care facility, should receive a booster dose, and
Those 18 through 49 may receive a booster dose.
Everyone 18 and older who received the single-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine should get a booster shot two months after getting vaccinated.
"We want people to be as safe and as healthy as possible. Expanding booster eligibility to all adults will further protect families, especially as we gather for the holidays," said Secretary of Health Umair A. Shah, MD, MPH. "We know COVID-19 vaccines work, and boosters further increase immunity and protection. If you are 18 or older, and enough time has passed, I strongly encourage you to get a booster dose."
Booster doses are especially important for those at high risk of severe COVID-19, including older adults, people with chronic conditions, and anyone living in a congregate setting. Across Washington, more than 860,000 people have received an additional dose, which includes both booster doses and third doses. Any of the three COVID-19 vaccines currently available for use may be administered as a booster dose, regardless of which vaccine was used for the primary series.
Everyone age 5 and older is currently eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. People who have not yet been vaccinated are highly encouraged to make an appointment today to protect themselves and those around them. To find a vaccine location near you, visit Vaccine Locator or call the COVID-19 Information Hotline at 1-800-525-0127, then press #. Language assistance if available.
The DOH website is your source for a healthy dose of information. Find us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter. Sign up for the DOH blog, Public Health Connection.


Outdoors in Summer. Here in the East, where summers are hot and humid, I find peltatum performs best not in full sun all day, but in a bright location that receives only morning sun. My plant blooms and blooms at the northeast exposure beside my back door. I feed it with every watering, just as I do all my container-grown plants. On a low-nitrogen, high-phosphorous diet its stems reach Rapanzel length, often 4-feet, by August. What a sight!
Indoors in Winter. This South African traveler will pay great dividends in exchange for winter care indoors. Before the first frost — October first for me — cut its stems back to six inches, and spray pot, soil, and foliage with insecticide. Then place the plant somewhere sunny but cool (60F is better than 70F). My plant goes on a shelf beneath fluorescent lights in my cool study. If you have a cool south or east window, set your plant there.
Knock the plant from its pot, and slice off half the root ball (above). Snip off half the foliage, too. Then add an inch or so of well-draining compost to the same pot, and reset the plant, filling in with more compost (below). Be sure to leave a two-inch opening between the top of the compost and the rim of the pot to allow for water. Moisten well, then return the plant to its sunny, cool quarters. You will see an immediate improvement in your basket-plant's appearance. Propagation: To avoid the need for surgery and its associated messiness, overwinter the plant by propagating a few cuttings. You can take cuttings at any time of year.
Cut healthy stems five to eight inches in length. Cut just below a node. Remove the lower inch or so of leaves. Insert stems in a pot of well-draining compost, as above. Firm the compost to secure each stem in place. A five inch pot will comfortably hold three stems for the winter duration.
Water well, and thereafter only when the surface soil feels dry. Place the cuttings in a bright location for 3 weeks while they grow roots. Then bring them to sunny south or east window. You can count on autumn-rooted cuttings to bloom from February on. Transplant to a hanging basket (or window box) when summer arrives.
The ivy geranium received its common name because its leaf resembles that of the true ivy, Hedera helix. The botanical name, peltatum, means "shield-shaped," and indeed the leaf's stem is attached in the center, in the very manner of a warrior holding his shield.
If you like the ivy-leaved geranium, will you do me a big, big favor? Click the Facebook "like" button below.
Well, Kevin, if you are going to have an affair with a plant, it might as well be with your Lavender ivy geranium! What a beauty!!!
Seems like I bought the very same geranium as you last summer. Unfortunately I didn't know it could be overwintered indoors. Live and learn, as they say.
I love the feel of the leaves – they are so thick I want to bite them!
Patty – And the leaves, when you broke them, smell like…fresh cucumbers!
Here in Colorado, all of the pelargoniums –ivy leaf, scented, regular old bedding plant geraniums—bloom indoors the entire winter. Maybe it's because of our intense sunlight. This time of year they are leggy and I just cut mine back. Love your blog, btw.
Diana – nice to meet you! Here in (dark) upstate NY, my zonal-, fancy-, scented- and ivy-leaved pelargoniums bloom only a little during autumn and early winter. They bud and bloom ferociously, however, starting in February.
Do you grow any of the fancy-leaveds, like 'Mrs. Henry Cox' or 'Skies of Italy' indoors?
I do grow the fancy-leaved ones indoors. This past winter I've had Mrs. Pollock and Vancouver Centennial blooming. Mrs. Pollock doesn't bloom as well as most of my geraniums, for some reason, but I love the tricolor leaves. V.C. is a smaller plant, but it blooms a lot.
I followed your advice and did the operation on several of my geraniums.
The thing is that most of them will be flowering by next week!
Now it's normally mother's day that we put our geraniums out!
Bob – Good for you! Only gardeners in warm climates should set geraniums out now…the rest of us need to wait until after Mother's Day (when nights are consistently well above freezing).
Kevin, Yesterday I fell in love with a Pelargonium called Royal Lilac that I couldn't resist. I had seen the same plant in planters at my hairdresser's last month. She didn't know what it was but I was pretty sure it was a Martha Washington geranium. She told me where she bought it and I went right to that nursery and there was none left. The lady that worked there said she didn't recall seeing any Martha Washington geraniums this Spring. Imagine my surprize when I saw them on the cart yesterday at Home Depot. At $10.98 each, I only bought two plants and I wished I'd bought more. Probably when I go back, they will be all gone. Oh well, such is life! These remind me of a woman's burgundy velvet holiday party dress. I planted both plants in one of my larger pots. Thought of your hanging plant when I saw these. Thanks for sharing all your beautiful photos of your gardens and your vast knowledge of flowers and helpful tips. Your blog is among my favorites!
Pippi21 – Some of the Martha Washingtons are truly dazzling — including the one you described here.
If you want more of these pelargoniums, why not propagate them? Stems, 3″ in length, root very easily in 4″ pots of good soil.
I can tell you that one summer, I propagated a dozen stems of a beautiful pink-splashed-white Martha Washington that a friend had given me. I kept the cuttings in the shade during summer. In September the young plants were set on the glass shelves of my window garden. They bloomed and bloomed from late January through early April. What a sight!
My all-time favorite plant for hanging baskets – thanks for the great detailed info. Mine – 5 – typically get full morning sun then shade but plenty of light in the afternoon on my back porch. I add a few filler plants – can't recall the name – delicate white flowers with very spidery greenery – just breathtaking – my favorite is a rosy red – 5 baskets in a row – neighbors stop to enjoy them – and coffee in the early morning. Living on a corner lot does have its advantages – my backyard gets noticed a lot. Daffodils and tulips with bring the walkers to my garden gate soon.
Thanks for your fabulous information – consider less chemicals in your yard – I use NONE and have very few insect problems. I use all organic compost obtained from local organic farmers.
Anyone ever seen ivy leaf geraniums bearing names of famous American universities?
Haven't seen any since the 90s. Exquisite hypnotic deep pink and deep, deep violet single flowers.
Very beautiful plant and great tips! It's really very similar to ivy, but a lot better. I have one like this in my garden, but I don't bring it inside, because the weather here allows it to stay outdoors all year long. The maintenance tips are very useful, especially about the roots. Thanks for sharing!
This plant is a warrior. I found a bare stick of a stump left in a pot and it had one little bud on it and I nursed it and brought it back to a full blown ivy plant that I've got tied to and growing up half a trellis. The cuttings I take from it thrive with no issues. I've grown 6 clones so far and this plant just keeps on ticking. I didn't know what it was, there wasn't a label in the pot so I've been searching the internet for "star shaped succulent with 5 flower cluster blooms" which didn't really help. I finally did hanging vine plant pink flowers and luckily came across this blog.
I just found your website as I've been looking into ivy geraniums and whether I want to use those for my front hanging basket or petunias this summer – judging by that gorgeous picture of your lavender geranium I'm going to try my hand at one. Is that just one plant per basket?
I've also been reading your other posts about propagating different plant cuttings and I'm gaining courage to try my hand at it this year. I have a baby due this summer, so we'll see how busy I am, but I'm really hoping to try. Thank you for the clear instructions and clever writing, I'm looking forward to perusing all your gardening posts now!
Hi Amanda – Thanks for visiting. Also, congrats on the new baby!


text:
Dicrotendipes crypticus är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Epler 1987. Dicrotendipes crypticus ingår i släktet Dicrotendipes och familjen fjädermyggor.

Artens utbredningsområde är New Mexico. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Fjädermyggor
crypticus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
« Index of Musician Biographies
:: 'N Sync to Barenaked Ladies
? and the Mysterians Biography
If you would like to share ? and the Mysterians lyrics with other users of this site, please see the bottom of this page on how to submit ? and the Mysterians lyrics.
Members include Robert "Bobby" Balderrama (born on February 27, 1950, in O'Donnell, TX), guitar; Larry Borjas (left group, 1966), bass; Frank Lugo (born on March 15, 1947, in Welasco, TX; joined group, 1966), bass; Robert Martinez (left group, 1966), drums; ? (born in 1945), vocals; Frank Rodriguez (born on March 9, 1951, in Crystal City, TX), organ; Eddie Serrato (born on December 5, 1945, in Encinal, TX; joined group, 1966), drums; Mel Schacher (born on April 3, 1951; group member, 1968), bass. Addresses: Record company---Norton Records, P.O. Box 646, Cooper Station, New York, NY 10276, website: http://www.nortonrecords.com.
Often scorned as a one-hit wonder, ? & the Mysterians were one of the first Latin rock groups to make the music charts with their hit "96 Tears." The song, considered a garage-rock classic, represents a pivotal period in the evolution of garage rock into punk.
The band, formed in 1962 in Michigan, comprised Texas musicians with Mexican roots who had migrated to the Saginaw and Bay City region: founder and bassist Larry Borjas, his cousin Robert "Bobby" Balderrama on guitar, and Robert Martinez on drums. The enigmatic ? was the group's vocalist. For a very brief time, the group was called XYZ and ?, reportedly at ?'s insistence, but their name was soon changed to ? and the Mysterians, after a 1957 science-fiction film.
? & the Mysterians began playing area clubs in 1964, beginning with a performance in Adrian, Michigan, and moving to Flint about the same time. When Borjas and Robert Martinez were forced to leave the band for compulsory military service, they were replaced by Frank Lugo on bass and Eddie Serrato (Martinez's brother-in-law) on drums. Frank Rodriguez was recruited to play organ.
? wrote a song for the group whose title frequently changed until "96 Tears" finally stuck. The song was well received by crowds at Mt. Holly, a ski lodge with a dancehall where the band was playing at the time. They recorded the tune in 1966 on a local label, Pa-Go-Go, in March of 1966. ? later said, however, in a 1998 National Public Radio (NPR) interview, that that was incorrect. "It was recorded in Bay City, Michigan, April the 14th, in 1966, in a [sic] outdoor patio.... No acoustics, no headphones, no separation, nothing. And if you listen to the recording, you can't even hear the bass drum.... [B]ut it cost us $50 to do." Other sources, however, say this was not the band's first recording. A month earlier, they recorded "(Hey Little Girl) Are You for Real?" with "I'll Be Back" on the B side.
Once "96 Tears" was a hit at radio stations in the state, national record companies began courting the group. They signed to Cameo-Parkway and the single was distributed nationally. At the heart of "96 Tears" is an unmistakable organ riff that prompted some questions among music historians. Was that signature sound played on a Farfisa or a Vox Continental keyboard? It was a Vox Continental. "The instant it burst onto the radio in 1966, ? and the Mysterians' '96 Tears' was a rock 'n' roll classic," wrote Steve Hochman in the Los Angeles Times, "a slice of primal urgency with a dark edge built on a pulsing, insistent Vox organ figure drawn from Mexican polkas, all shrouded in a purposefully sketchy image keyed to the band's name."
"96 Tears" hit the top of the record charts in fall of 1966. Their subsequent album, also called 96 Tears, was released at the end of the year. Another single, "I Need Somebody," fell just shy of the top 20, reaching 22 on the charts in 1967. "Can't Get Enough of You Baby," released in the same year, fared well, but their sophomore album Action did not.
By this time, Cameo-Parkway was having financial problems. Allen Klein, the notorious head of ABKCO, assumed control of the label. The Mysterians left Cameo-Parkway in 1968 and released several one-off singles on numerous small labels, but were unable to reproduce their initial success. Their one claim to fame in this dismal era was that Mel Schacher played briefly with the band. When he left to join Grand Funk Railroad, the band called it quits in 1968.
Vocalist ?'s decision to change his name to a glyph predates Prince's. Often referred to as "Question Mark," his real name is not known, although many speculate that he is Rudy "Reeto" Martinez, Robert Martinez's brother. The New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll noted that "? has refused to say whether [Rudy Martinez is] his name, and he has never revealed his background. Some believe that Martinez is a name he invented to collect royalties."
What little is known about ? is that he once wanted to dance on American Bandstand, the popular music and dance show hosted by Dick Clark. Additionally, "he frequently claimed he had been born on Mars and lived among the dinosaurs in a past life, and that voices from the future had revealed he would be performing '96 Tears' in the year 10,000," according to Steve Huey in All Music Guide. He has never been seen publicly without dark, wraparound sunglasses.
? tried to regroup the Mysterians in the 1970s, but to no avail. (He then decided to breed Yorkshire terriers, which he reportedly still does.) Bobby Balderrama formed a group in the early 1970s called Inflight, and at the end of the decade, another incarnation of ? & the Mysterians cut some demos. Covered by another artist in 1980, "96 Tears" elicited some renewed interest in the band, which reformed with ? as the only original member. An additional bit of interest was generated by a 1984 reunion show in Dallas. The re-formed band opened a few performances for Joe "King" Carrasco, a rocking cult favorite in Texas in the mid 1980s, who also covered the cult classic in live performances.
By 1997 ? was still hearing voices, which told him to re-form the group yet again. The group---Balderrama, Rodriguez, Lugo, Robert Martinez, and ?---rerecorded the songs from their debut, a release entitled ? & the Mysterians Featuring 96 Tears. A year later the group recorded the live CD Do You Feel It Baby? They recorded or rerecorded other material as well, but Balderrama eventually left to found a blues band.
About the time of this 1997-98 reunion, Hochman noted that the band deserved a unique spot in popular music history. Along with Texas' 13th Floor Elevators, L.A.'s the Seeds, Chicago's Shadows of Knight, San Jose's Count Five and dozens of others around the country, the Mysterians forged "a rough-hewn alloy of James Brown shouts, bubble-gum pop hooks and nascent psychadelia---not the peace 'n' love kind but anger 'n' confusion. Though acknowledged as a punk progenitor, the genre has largely been obscured through wave after wave of [19]60s nostalgia by Beatlemania and flower power."
Because Klein still controls the group's material, as of 2003, the original ? & the Mysterians material has not yet been released on CD. The single "96 Tears" has been blocked from official reissue, which explains its absence from Nuggets, a boxed set renowned among garage rock aficionados for its near-complete compilation of singles from the genre.
by Linda Dailey Paulson
? and the Mysterians's Career
Group formed in Michigan, 1962; known briefly as XYZ and ?; recorded hit single "96 Tears" in April of 1966; signed with Cameo-Parkway and recorded 96 Tears, 1966; "I Need Somebody" hits number 22, 1967; released Action, 1967; group left Cameo-Parkway, 1968; recorded singles with other labels; group disbanded, 1968; re-formed with ? and other musicians variously, 1970s, 1984, 1997-98; ? & the Mysterians Featuring 96 Tears released, followed by Do You Feel It Baby?: The Capitvating Live Sounds of ? and the Mysterians, 1997; More Action, 1999, and Feel It!: The Very Best of ? and the Mysterians, 2001.
96 Tears Cameo-Parkway, 1966.
Action Cameo-Parkway, 1966.
96 Tears Forever: The Dallas Reunion Tapes (live), ROIR, 1985.
? & the Mysterians Featuring 96 Tears Collectables, 1997.
Do You Feel It Baby?: The Capitvating Live Sounds of ? and the Mysterians Norton, 1997.
More Action (double CD), Cavestomp!, 1999.
Feel It!: The Very Best of ? and the Mysterians Cavestomp!, 2001.
Clarke, Donald, editor, The Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Viking, 1989.
Romanowski, Patricia, and Holly George-Warren, editors, The New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll, Fireside, 1995.
Los Angeles Times, February 4, 1998.
"Do You Feel It Baby?: Question Mark and the Mysterians," Norton Records, http://www.nortonrecords.com/question.html (May 19, 2003).
"96 Tears," Weekend Edition, National Public Radio (NPR), http://www.npr.org/programs/weed/archives/1998/nov/981128.weed.html (October 1, 2003).
"? and the Mysterians," All Music Guide, http://www.allmusic.com (May 19, 2003).
? and the Mysterians Lyrics
Feel free to share ? and the Mysterians lyrics. Just click on "Add a comment…" below and paste the song name and the lyrics. However, please do not post ? and the Mysterians lyrics unless you have received permission from the copyright owner. Make sure to include the name of the ? and the Mysterians album along with the lyrics.
Visitor Comments Add a comment…
Bobby Balderama and a couple of the original guys still play around the Bay City, Saginaw area to this day. and they still sound great. They are called The Mysterians.
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Microsoft Windows 10 may be around the corner, but the company is still issuing Windows 8.1 updates on a fairly regular basis. If you're already using Windows 8.1, and aren't sure you're running the latest system update, the easiest way to check and download it is to visit PC Settings (the new Control Panel, available from the right-hand menu bar) and click "Update and recovery." There is also the option to download the latest Windows 8.1 Update as standalone files, if you want to archive them or perform an offline or enterprise installation.
If you haven't already installed the latest system updates, you should do so — Microsoft has said that users won't get any security updates if they stick with older versions of Windows 8.1. To continue receiving security updates, you need to make sure you're running the latest version of the OS. How do you do that, for free? Just follow these simple instructions.
As we previously mentioned, the quickest way to get the latest update is to use the PC Settings control panel. If you do that, skip ahead to the section at the end of the story with tips on how to make the most of it. If you want to download the standalone files, though, read on.
As always, we have to preface this with the usual disclaimer: Downloading Windows updates using unconventional methods is risky. At the very least, you should ensure that the SHA hash of the downloaded file matches by using the Microsoft File Checksum Integrity Verifier (a free tool). If you have any important documents on your computer, you should back them up, too (this should be an unnecessary precaution, though; updates are just a bunch of patches, rather than a complete reinstallation).
Use the following links to download the right version of Windows 8.1 for your computer's architecture (probably 64-bit, unless you have an older computer or a tablet).
Alternatively, if you don't like direct downloads, you can always hit up the official Windows Update website, which always points you to the latest version, and follow the instructions there.
Once you've downloaded the initial Update 1, you will have six separate patches that need to be installed in a very specific order. Your computer will need to reboot a few times during the process.
Windows 8.1 Update Desktop. Note how Metro apps can now be minimized to the Taskbar.
If you're a mouse-and-keyboard person, you will find that the latest version of Windows 8.1 makes the Metro interface more palatable. Whether this will move you to actually use the new Start screen is a different question. Unless there's a Metro-style app that you really want to use, you will probably still find yourself on the Desktop, using a third-party app to bring back the Windows 7-style Start menu. On the rare occasion that you find yourself thrust into the new Metro interface, at least the latest version of Windows 8.1 makes the whole experience feel a little less you're being brutally plucked out of one operating system and unceremoniously dumped in another. So that's good.
On the Desktop side of things, the latest update doesn't change much. Recent tweaks have included better support for high-PPI displays, and that audio and video files now open in Photo Viewer and Media Player, respectively, rather than bouncing you into Metro. For Windows 8.1 tablet owners, you now get a Search button on the Start screen, and some of the stock Metro apps have been updated/improved. Really, though, if you're a power user and have some free time to play around, check out how to install Windows 10 Technical Preview in a virtual machine. Soon, things will get much, much better.


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Photo 147642495 © Thomas Carter - Dreamstime.com
Maryland and Virginia's Congestion-Busting Mega-Project
The governors of Maryland and Virginia announced an agreement to rebuild the American Legion Bridge, enabling the completion of America's largest region-wide network of express toll lanes.
By Robert Poole
A day earlier this week, Nov. 12, 2019, should go down in history as a major milestone for 21st-century transportation. On that date, the governors of Maryland and Virginia announced an agreement to rebuild the aging, inadequate American Legion Bridge across the Potomac River, enabling the completion of America's largest region-wide network of express toll lanes.
Over the past decade, Virginia has been a leader in adding variably-priced express lanes to all major freeways in Northern Virginia, I-66, I-395, the I-495 Beltway and I-95. Until Larry Hogan became its governor, Maryland had lagged far behind. But last year, Gov. Hogan announced a plan to add similar express toll lanes to the Maryland portion of the Beltway, plus the I-270 freeway, at an estimated cost of $9 billion. Following Virginia's example, most of the costs would be financed by the private developers/operators based on the toll revenue generated by the express lanes.
But there was a major problem this plan left unresolved: the American Legion Bridge.
Virginia's latest plan approved extending its Beltway express lanes up to the bridge, but not onto it, since the bridge is owned by Maryland. Hogan's plan envisioned doing something about the bridge eventually, but transportation experts pointed out that it made little sense to promise congestion relief while the bridge remained one of the largest traffic bottlenecks on the east coast. It made far better sense to fix the bridge first, or simultaneously with adding express lanes on either side of it.
Fortunately, that good sense led to the bipartisan Capital Beltway Accord, signed on Nov. 12 by Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam (D) and Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan (R). The two states will share the cost of replacing the 10-lane bridge (eight general-purpose lanes and two auxiliary lanes) with a 14-lane one: the same existing lanes each way plus two express lanes in each direction. And like the other express lanes projects in both states, this one will also be developed as a long-term public-private partnership largely financed based on the toll revenues generated.
Altogether, this set of additional projects should provide a seamless express toll network on the DC metro area's highway system, currently ranked as the nation's third-most congested metro area by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute. The region's traffic delays cost the average commuter $1,840 per year in wasted time and fuel. Achieving a region-wide express lanes network has been a goal of the Greater Washington Partnership and the Greater Washington Board of Trade, who sponsored the transportation forum at which the two governors announced the historic agreement.
Expanding or replacing the bridge has also long been a goal of transportation experts, but the two states had never come close to an agreement, as they had two decades ago to replace the Woodrow Wilson Bridge on the Beltway's eastern crossing of the Potomac. One of the problems was strong support in Maryland for a rail transit link at, or near, the American Legion Bridge, for which no funding was available. Fortunately, the Capital Beltway Accord creates the basis for bi-state bus rapid transit (BRT) service. Variably-priced express lanes function as virtually exclusive busways since the price charged to drivers is aimed at keeping traffic flowing at a reasonable speed even during the busiest rush hours. Express bus service is already extensive on the I-95 express lanes in Virginia and will be an integral part of the under-construction express lanes on I-66 outside the Beltway. It should be a no-brainer for transit providers in both states to plan such services for the new bridge's express toll lanes.
These plans are also a major step forward for toll-financed public-private partnerships. In metro areas with high levels of congestion, investor-financed express lane projects are getting investment-grade bond ratings. Since most of these projects are relatively new, most have BBB ratings—investment-grade but just barely. The very first such project, which opened 24 years ago on SR 91 in California, has stood the test of time and now holds an A+ rating. Given this track record, along with the DC metro area's very high congestion levels, there should be significant investor interest in this new set of projects.
On a sad note, the person who laid the basis for what became the Capital Beltway Accord, Shirley Ybarra, passed away on Nov. 10. When she served as Virginia's deputy secretary of transportation, Ybarra authored the state's Public-Private Transportation Act (PPTA), which served as the prototype for similar enabling acts in dozens of other states. The PPTA made possible the Beltway, I-95, I-395, and I-66 express lanes projects. And during her tenure as Virginia's secretary of transportation, Ybarra worked with the Maryland State Highway Administration's Neil Pedersen to develop the Woodrow Wilson Bridge project. Until her retirement several years ago, Shirley was a valuable member of the Reason Foundation transportation team. She will be missed.
Robert Poole is director of transportation policy and Searle Freedom Trust Transportation Fellow at Reason Foundation.
More from Highways, Toll Roads, Transportation
Surface Transportation News: Claims of Highway Boondoggles, Federal Transit Policy, and More
Plus: President-elect Biden may face a truck vs. rail dilemma, toll road traffic recovery estimates, and more.
Increasing the Use of Private Activity Bonds for Infrastructure Projects
It is time to think bigger about the potential for private investment in transportation infrastructure.
Contracting Mass Transit Services
Transit contracting should always follow three principles: guaranteeing public control, promoting competition, and ensuring transparency.
By Baruch Feigenbaum and Joe Hillman
More by Robert Poole
Aviation Policy Newsletter: TSA Quiet Skies Program Critiqued Again, GPS Backup Finally Getting Closer, and More
Plus: When will travel recover? Where should drones be allowed to fly?
Contracting Mass Transit Services: A How-to-Guide
This how-to guide shows how to successfully contract for mass transit services.
Assessing the Results of the High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail Program
This report offers a detailed review of the most recent attempt to boost passenger rail by funding high-speed rail projects and improving service in Amtrak corridors.
By Wendell Cox


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Raiders Free Agency 2014
Antonio Smith says he brings a "cowboy, soothesayer, ninja" to Raiders
By Levi Damien@LeviDamien Mar 14, 2014, 5:38pm PDT
Share All sharing options for: Antonio Smith says he brings a "cowboy, soothesayer, ninja" to Raiders
Raiders newest addition is one Antonio Smith. Smith has played ten seasons in the NFL, mostly as a defensive end. He comes to the Raiders as a versatile defensive lineman who can play at either defensive end spot but is more likely to be the team's next 3-technique defensive tackle.
He is a bit eccentric in true Raiders style as he showed when asked what he brings to the Raiders:
Antonio Smith latest pass rusher added to Raiders
Levi Damien
"What do I bring to this team?," said Smith. "The many faces of Antonio, that's what I bring to this team. There's a lot of them: cowboy, soothsayer, ninja. I'm just an all-around everything, a jack of all trades."
He is known as "The Ninja" and he embraces the nickname, along with, clearly a few other colorful descriptions of him whether they be self given or otherwise.
"I've always been an enemy in the Black Hole, so I've never seen what it felt like," Smith continued. "But I sure am excited to be a warrior in the Black Hole now, to put on that black and silver and go out there and gridiron it up. I think that's just at the heart of me. I'm just an old school, gridiron, get down and dirty player."
"I'm really excited. I really like what's going on here. I like the new add-ons and I'm ready to get after the passer."
He will have the opportunity to rush the passer but he is just the latest in the Raiders' focus on rushing the passer the past two days. Thursday they added defensive end Justin Tuck and outside linebacker Lamarr Woodley who will be switching to defensive end.
"There is a commitment to get better [in Oakland], there is a commitment to try and make this defense a great defense. Both those guys are guys that I've watched over the years, especially Tuck, I've always kept my eye on him. I think he does a lot of the same things I do. I'm excited to be able to rush with him and work with him."


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...that Spartan-IVs and Sangheili participate in War Games simulations together on Anvil Station?
...that Luna, Earth's moon, has been colonized?
...that by the 26th century, occurrences of cancer are extremely rare and easily treatable?
...that Mantle's Approach, the Didact's flagship in Halo 4, is over 371 kilometers tall?
...that devoted Bungie fan Claude Errera had a Halo character and Reach nightclub named after him?
Epsilon Eridani system
There is more information available on this subject at Epsilon Eridani system on the English Wikipedia.
Not to be confused with the Eridanus system.
Epsilon Eridani
FLEETCOM Sector One[1]
Constellation:
Distance from Sol:
10.5 light-years[2]
Stellar overview
Spectral type:
K2V[3]
Absolute magnitude:
Orbiting planets:
At least seven
Asteroids:
Two asteroid belts
Societal overview
Notable events:
Battle of Tribute
Battle of Beta Gabriel
The Epsilon Eridani system (sometimes rendered ε Eridani)[4] is a planetary system situated 10.5 light-years from Earth,[2] is identified as a region in FLEETCOM Sector One.[1] It was home to several habitable planets colonized by the Unified Earth Government, most notably Reach. At 10.5 light-years from its sister system, the Sol system and is one of the closest neighbors of humanity's homeworld.[3]
In the summer of 2552, the Covenant invaded the system and attacked Epsilon Eridani's major colonies. Reach ultimately fell to the Covenant and was glassed,[5] while Tribute was brutally assaulted and partially glassed.[6] Following the Human-Covenant War, at least Tribute and Beta Gabriel had been resettled by humanity.[7][8][9]
2 Planetary system
4 List of appearances
By the early 21st century, scientific observation had deduced the presence of an inner rocky asteroid belt, an outer icy belt, and at least three planets: a gas giant the size of Jupiter, and possibly two terrestrial planets, near the inner and outer belts, respectively.[10] The Epsilon Eridani system was recognized to have an improbably high number of habitable planets, a fact that was seen as serendipitous to the early colonization efforts. Initial colonization efforts in the system faced significant challenges in marshalling political and economic support. Interest in the system's colonization potential initially focused on Tribute and Circumstance, though it was Reach that would soon capture the attention of UEG planners.[8]
The system was originally colonized by the colony ship Odyssey with the first wave of humanity's extrasolar colonization in 2362, landing on Reach.[11] Afterwards, Tribute was colonized on August 8, 2364 when CAA Casbah arrived and established the initial navigation and communication satellite constellation on the planet, with Circumstance following shortly after.[8] By the late 25th century, the system had become home to many of the UNSC's strongholds and military bases, such as Reach. It was protected by the UNSC Epsilon Eridani Fleet. Before the Fall of Reach, Epsilon Eridani's superior interstellar jump point had been the most active Slipstream space transfer zone (arrivals and departures) for over thirty years, with Epsilon Eridani's inferior IJP and Sol's superior IJP regularly trading second and third place spots.[3]
Humans held the system for several hundred years, until the Fall of Reach in 2552. After that, the system came under control of the Covenant. By 2553, however, humanity had reclaimed the system and had started recolonizing Reach. By 2589, the planet had been partly re-terraformed to a livable state and continued to see an influx of new colonists.[12] Tribute was similarly reclaimed and became a new center of military and economic growth in the postwar era, providing critical wartime materials to the postwar UNSC as Reach continued to recover.
Planetary system[edit]
The Epsilon Eridani system is home to at least seven planets and two asteroid belts. A massive Oort cloud is located on the outer edge of the system.[13] At least six of the worlds that orbit Epsilon Eridani are known to be inhabited:
Reach – The former military center of the UNSC, and the most developed human colony. Glassed in 2552 and partially reterraformed by 2589.
Csodaszarvas
Turul
Tribute – A major human colony, known for its strong industrial capacity and large population.[14] Partially glassed during the Battle of Tribute, under UEG control as of 2558.
Beta Gabriel – largely uninhabited, converted into an outdoors resort by wealthy entrepreneurs. Occupied by a Brute pack during or otherwise soon after the Fall of Reach.[15][16]
Circumstance – A world-famous for its universities and courts of justice. Status unknown.[17]
Tantalus – A human colony with an unknown status after the Covenant's siege in the system.[18]
Epsilon Eridani IV – known to be the site of an Insurrection.[19]
A holographic rendering of the system.
Reach, the military center of the Epsilon Eridani system.
Epsilon Eridani in the sky as viewed from Earth.
A space engagement above Reach.
List of appearances[edit]
Halo: The Fall of Reach (First appearance)
Halo: First Strike
Halo Wars (Mentioned only)
Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe
Dr. Halsey's personal journal
Halo: Fall of Reach
Halo: The Fall of Reach - The Animated Series
Limited Edition (Mentioned only)
Halo Wars 2 (Mentioned only)
^ a b Halo: The Fall of Reach, page 289 (2001); page 343 (2010)
^ a b Halo Encyclopedia, pages 290-291 (2011)
^ a b c Bungie.net: Halo: Reach - Intel
^ Halo: Reach, Recon armor bonus content
^ Halo Waypoint: Reach
^ Halo 4: The Essential Visual Guide, page 177
^ Halo: First Strike, Tug o' War (2010)
^ a b c Halo Waypoint: Tribute
^ Halo 5: Guardians, multiplayer level Fathom
^ Wikipedia: Epsilon Eridani
^ Halo Encyclopedia (2011), page 43
^ Halo: Reach, campaign level Lone Wolf
^ Halo: First Strike, page 232
^ Halo: Contact Harvest, "Prologue"
^ Halo: The Fall of Reach, page 324
^ Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe, "Stomping on the Heels of a Fuss"
^ Halo: Contact Harvest, page 62
^ Halo Encyclopedia, page 287
^ Halo Wars: Official Strategy Guide, page 22
FLEETCOM Sectors
Sector One
ε Eridani • λ Serpentis (ADM R. Freemont)
Sector Three
ψ Serpentis • 18 Scorpii • σ Octanus • Subvolume D-6 (VADM M. Stanforth)
Sector Four
Eridanus system
Retrieved from "https://www.halopedia.org/index.php?title=Epsilon_Eridani_system&oldid=1268927"
Planetary Systems


Check out all of the names of the Hendrickson High School alumni that attended high school in Pflugerville that are listed above. Registering will allow you to join the directory.	You can share memories of those activities that you were involved with at Hendrickson HS and you can view other alumni and read what other former students have posted about the time they spent at Hendrickson.


text:
Q: JSON values to Map I am working with a JSON format like the below:
{
    "result": {
        "code": 200,
        "info": "OK"
    },
    "data": [{
                "size": "18",
                "categories": [{
                            "code": "es_food",
                            "description": "Food",
                            "subcategories": [{
                                    "code": "es_foodsme",
                                    "description": "Food: small shops"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_supermarket",
                                    "description": "Supermarkets"
                                }
                            ]
                        },
                        {
                            "code": "es_sportsandtoys",
                            "description": "Sports and toys",
                            "subcategories": [{
                                    "code": "es_sportbig",
                                    "description": "Sport: chains"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_sport",
                                    "description": "Sportive activities"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_sportandtoys",
                                    "description": "Toys and sport articles"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_toys",
                                    "description": "Toys: chains"
                                }
                            ]
                        },
                        {
                            "code": "es_tech",
                            "description": "Technology",
                            "subcategories": [{
                                    "code": "es_techsme",
                                    "description": "Computers and appliances: small shops"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_musicalinstrument",
                                    "description": "Musical instruments"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_techbig",
                                    "description": "Computers and appliances: chains"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_photo",
                                    "description": "Photography"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_telephony",
                                    "description": "Telephony: handset sales"
                                }
                            ]
                        },
                        {
                            "code": "es_fashion",
                            "description": "Fashion",
                            "subcategories": [{
                                    "code": "es_fashionbig",
                                    "description": "Fashion: chains"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_fashionsme",
                                    "description": "Fashion: small shops"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_shoe",
                                    "description": "Shoes"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_leather",
                                    "description": "Leather goods stores"
                                },
                                {
                                    "code": "es_jewelry",
                                    "description": "Jewelry and watches"
                                }
                            ]
                        },
                        {
                            "code": "es_hotelservices",
                            "description": "Accomodation",
                            "subcategories": [{
                                "code": "es_hotel",
                                "description": "Accommodation"
                            }]
                        },
                        ...

I need to show in a selectOption field the description in order to be selected and pass the code associated as parameter in a rest api integration.
I am able to show the description but I am not able to get the code assigned:
This is my controller code:
if(response.getStatusCode() == 200){

        JSONParser parser = JSON.createParser(response.getBody());
        categories = new list<String>();
        categoriesMap = new Map<String,String>();
        System.debug('parser : ' + parser);
        while (parser.nextToken() != null) {
        if ((parser.getCurrentToken() == JSONToken.FIELD_NAME) && (parser.getText() == 'description')) {
        parser.nextToken();
        category = parser.getText();
        System.debug('categories : ' + category );
        categories.add(category);
        }
        else if ((parser.getCurrentToken() == JSONToken.FIELD_NAME) && (parser.getText() == 'code')) {
        parser.nextToken();
        categoryCode = parser.getText();
        System.debug('categoryCode : ' + categoryCode );
        }
        system.debug('Categoria + codigo: ' + category + ' + ' + categoryCode);
        categoriesMap.put(category,categoryCode);
        }

        system.debug('Lista de categorias: ' + categories);

        system.debug('Mapa categoría: ' + categoriesMap);
        catSelectOption = new list<SelectOption>();
        for(String category: categories){
            catSelectOption.add(new SelectOption (category, category));
        }

And Visualforce code:
<apex:selectList multiselect="false" size="1" id="merchantsCategory" >
      <apex:selectOption itemvalue="0" itemLabel="All"/>
      <apex:selectOptions value="{!catSelectOption}"/>
    </apex:selectList>

I have tried creating the JSONtoAPex code, but also I have not reached the functionality desired.

A: with your current code, when you parse each token you either get the "code" or the "description" and your map will never have both together...
couple of modifications to your code

*

*read / parse "code" & "description" and build the map in each run..

*use the map key & value to build your select option list or directly populate the select option list
below is a rough pseudo code:
while (parser.nextToken() != null) {
    //Check if the token is "code"
    if ((parser.getCurrentToken() == JSONToken.FIELD_NAME) && (parser.getText() == 'code')) {
        parser.nextToken();
        categoryCode = parser.getText(); // value of the code

        //Get the next token & Check if the token is "description"
        parser.nextToken();
        if ((parser.getCurrentToken() == JSONToken.FIELD_NAME) && (parser.getText() == 'description')) {
            parser.nextToken();
            categoryDescription = parser.getText(); // value of the description
        }

        //build the selectoption with the code & description
        catSelectOption.add(new SelectOption (categoryCode, categoryDescription));

    }

}

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text:
Sex Fact Vs Fiction: Does The G-Spot Exist?
Issues & Opinion
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by Nicole Carrington-Sima
5 Reasons You Should Use A Wet Brush
Does the G-Spot actually exist? And, if so, where the hell is it?
RELATED: Sex Survey Reveals Aussies' Bucket List Of Sexual Fantasies
Never fear, dear readers, SHE SAID has got the fast facts on this one. This common sex myth irks Sydney sexologist, Dr Michelle Mars no end. For Dr Mars – who specialises in the sociology of sex gender and sexual well-being – says that despite many scientific claims to the contrary, the G-spot does in fact exist! "Best scientific evidence is that it does exist!" Dr Mars says.
"Science backs up my own experiences on this one. In an article published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine in 2012, a group of experts concluded that 'the assumption that women may experience only the clitoral, external orgasm is not based on the best available scientific evidence'.
"I think it's a myth that it doesn't exist because a lot of knowledge about female pleasure has been lost over the centuries and the idea that clitoral stimulation is required for orgasm has become pervasive.
"Women who gushed a lot were embarrassed and sometimes not sure they had urinated.
"Plus, not everyone knows how to do it so it might be something that only happens occasionally. We think sex is something you just do not something you can learn about!"
The G-spot, also called the Gräfenberg spot (after German gynecologist Ernst Gräfenberg), is said to be an erogenous area of the vagina that, when stimulated, may lead to strong sexual arousal, powerful orgasms and potential female ejaculation. So, where the bloody hell is it, exactly? "It's a cluster of nerve endings near the entrance of the vagina," Dr Mars says."Some women are more aware of sensation than others.
"The G-spot is about two inches inside the vagina toward the front of a woman's body."
Dr Mars' best sexpert advice in finding the G-spot is to tread carefully. So, do couples need to use a torch? "No!" she laughs. "If you're exploring the G-spot, take the time to make it sexy, go slow, go in shallow, get the angle right, in and up. Keep the pressure firm.
"Be aware that it can take time; getting better at any kind of sex doesn't happen overnight.
"It's very obvious for some people, but for some women it's just a dribble and they may not be aware of extra moisture until they stand up and move around."
So, can you survive sex – indeed life – without experiencing G-spot vaginal ejaculation? "It's another kind of pleasure, partners feel pleasure when they make their partners feel good," Dr Mars says. "Learning to have fun with the G-spot is important because it opens up new avenues of pleasure and stimulates new neural pathways for pleasure."
And ladies (and men) if you still need help finding the elusive G-spot, Dr Mars says there are a plethora of sex toys specifically designed to stimulate it. But she still really, really wants you to do your homework and find the damn thing. "Like great kitchen appliances, sex toys don't make up for knowing what you're doing," she says. "For those who prefer vibrators, this is a good couple toy to play with: The Thrill Clit, G-spot and Anal Vibrator from We-Vibe."
Interestingly, Dr Mars says that while only women have G-spots, men have what's called a "P-spot". Stay tuned for more on that soon, ladies.
What do you think? Have you found the G-spot?
Images, in order, via femamom.com; www.bodysculptor.com and abcnews.go.com.
g-spot orgasms sex advice sex tips sex toys
Nicole Carrington-Sima February 26, 2015
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© 2022 SheSaid. All Rights Reserved.


Feel the heat in the Dry Heat sporty crop top, printed with prickly cacti. Made from premium 100% regenerated materials such as fishing nets retrieved from the ocean.* It features a thick, supportive underband. Pair with the classic bottom or tie side bottom. Model is 165 / 5'4" and is wearing XS top / XS bottom. This bikini comes in a swim bag perfect for your travels.


Hi my name is Jon. I've got 30 kids, 11 counselors and I work as a Day Camp Director.
One day, my God said to me, He said, "Hey Jon! Be the the director for Day Camp this year." And so I said, "Yes!"
Anyhow, I'm very pleased that Jon Lam is our day camp director this year! Jon started his day camp career as a counselor at Chinese Congregational Church's Summer Adventure Camp. He served there for 4 years and then responded to the call to be the Day Camp Director for SFEFC last summer.
This is Jon's 2nd year at the helm and he says the best part of day camp for him is getting to hang out and interact with the kids. "That isn't work at all," he says.
Jon's prayer request is mainly for the counselors. He knows how hard the work can be and asks that you pray for energy and endurance for them.
Stayed tuned for many more posts about day camp!


text:
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text:
A Guide To What's New, Now, An..
Amidst The Canals Of Strasbourg, Great Coffee At C...
Sir Charles Charts A Food & Co..
Amidst The Canals Of Strasbourg, Great Coffee At Café Bretelles
by Anna Brones
Coffee Break, Places, Staff Picks
While Paris has become the focus of France's specialty coffee scene, slowly but surely there are notable cafes popping up around the country, all helping to develop an ever-growing French specialty coffee identity.
One of these places is Café Bretelles, opened in March 2014. It's Strasbourg's only specialty focused cafe, and in the time that it has been opened, it has developed a devoted local following, so much so that its owner is soon opening up a second location.
Owner Olivier Wernert didn't come from a coffee background, but when he saw a program on coffee shops in New York City, he was inspired. Working in auditing, he kept joking to his colleague, "I'm sick of work, I'm going to quit and open up a coffee shop." Eventually the joke became reality and he quit his job to throw himself into the launch of Café Bretelles, a coffee shop that is focused on serving quality coffee in a relaxed atmosphere.
Wernert was inspired by the American cafes which he had learned about, "I thought, that's cool… places focused on quality but accessible to everyone."
That is exactly the vibe that he has tried to create, allowing his clientele to learn about specialty coffee without feeling overwhelmed. This is important in a market which until now had very little, if any, experience with specialty coffee. Wernert says that he avoids serving blends, because using single origins makes it easier to explain the coffees to clients when they ask about them. "It allows things to be simple, more honest."
Clients have the usual selection of espresso drinks, but Café Bretelles also puts an importance on manual brewing, allowing people to choose their brew method—V60, Chemex, AeroPress, and syphon—and the origin of their beans.
Coffee is sourced from Cafe Mokxa in Lyon, but Café Bretelles also has a rotating list of guest roasters, like Caffe Cataldi, Coutume, and Drop Coffee. Next month they will be featuring Denmark's Coffee Collective. Knowing that it might be a client's first time experiencing specialty coffee, he says that "we always try to get single origin coffees that are distinct." The cafe will usually have the same coffee served for espresso for two to three months, and Wernert says that his regular clientele definitely notices the difference when they change, which assures him that people are not just appreciating what they are drinking, but understanding it as well.
As a space, Café Bretelles feels cozy and warm, not overly designed, simply welcoming and authentic. There's even a box next to the cash register with regular customer cards. When I ask Wernert about this feeling of the space he says, "that's the atmosphere we wanted to create." All the work in the interior was done by Wernert (he built the tables himself), his staff and friends, and this creates an authentic ambience—something that I also felt at CREAM in Paris, another cafe built with a lot of love and elbow grease. As he puts it, "if you buy everything premade, you see that it's industrial, and often, everyone has the same thing… I made things myself because I wanted it to be distinct."
Wernert is very aware that in France, "coffee shops are very trendy right now," and he admits that a "huge problem is the term 'coffee shop'—anyone can use it." He wants to ensure that as the trend grows, he continues to be committed to quality, so that his coffee shop is a good representation of what a specialty cafe really should be. In that spirit, he is opening up a second location in March, to correspond with Café Bretelles' one-year anniversary. It will have a different name and a completely different ambience. "The idea is to have two distinct identities… to not just copy and paste," says Wernert. That means Strasbourg will soon have a new specialty coffee hub to add to its list, with the same coffee offerings and the same baked goods, most notably Wernert's homemade twix bar. Trust me, if you ever visit Café Bretelles you need to order this. Like Wernert says, "chocolate and caramel work well for everyone." Unless of course you aren't human.
Looking to the future of cafes in Strasbourg, Wernert is sure that there are more specialty coffee shops to come. "I would like at least one more, because competition is good," says Wernert, "you just hope that there won't be too many who just call themselves a 'coffee shop.'"
Café Bretelles is located at 57 Rue de Zurich, Strasbourg, France.
Anna Brones is a Sprudge.com desk writer based in Paris, and the founder of Foodie Underground. Read more Anna Brones on Sprudge.
Cafe Bretelles, cafes, Caffe Cataldi, coffee collective, coutume, drop coffee, france, la marzocco, UK & Europe
Bringing Transparency To Coffee Transparency With "The Pledge"
Cill Fisher: The Sprudge Twenty Interview
by Zachary Carlsen


text:
Basic Real English
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Pride (In The Name Of Love) (U2)	 (Ireland)
AccentAmerican Accent
Touch a word or the <play> button for sound
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A classic song from U2 and a cry against violence.
One man come in the name of Love
One man come and go
One man come he to justify
One man to overthrow
In the name of Love!
What more in the name of Love?
One man caught on a barbed wire fence
One man he resist
One man washed on an empty beach.
One man betrayed with a kiss
(nobody like you... there's nobody like you...)
Mmm...mmm...mmm...
Early morning, April 4
Shot rings out in the Memphis sky
Free at last, they took your life
They could not take your pride
The language in the lyrics is not very difficult, the difficult part is the meaning of the sentences, since everything is charged with implicit historical references. So to understand the meaning of the lyrics go and look under the "Meaning" tab.
Additionaly, some of the language used here is deliberatly reflecting the black creole English you find in the Caribbean (maybe to make it all sound more gospel-like or something), for example constructions like "one man come" (= one man comes), "one man come he to justify" (=one man comes to justify), "one man he resist" (= one man resists), etc. This grammar is definitely not standard English or even Irish at all.
ONE MAN= It may be literally one person (in that case, Jesus), or it may be a type of person, thus referring to a group of people sharing a quality.
LOVE= All along the song, this word means "God" (except maybe in the question "what more in the name of love?").
JUSTIFY= To free a person from the guilt and penalty caused by sin. In Christian theology, sin separated men from God, and Jesus "justified us" by making possible the deletion of sin, so we can achieve union with God.
OVERTHROW= To destroy the established power (government, institution, etc), especially by force.
IN THE NAME OF LOVE!= This expression is equivalent to "for God's sake!" and it is an exclamation we can use to express that we are very tired of a bad situation or that we think a situation has gone too far.
WHAT MORE IN THE NAME OF LOVE?= Here "Love" could also mean "God", but probably means literally "love", so this rhetorical question expresses that he is shocked by all the terrible things some people do in the name of God or in the name of love. A reference to people who kill and practise violence in the name of a "Greater Good" (as Hitler would say).
BARBED WIRE FENCE= See picture.
WASHED ON...= Pushed by the sea onto the coast.
BETRAY= To give aid or information to an enemy of; commit treason against.
SHOT= A gunshot.
RINGS OUT= Make a very loud noise.
THEY TOOK YOUR LIFE= They killed you.
PRIDE= A sense of one's own proper dignity or value; self-respect.
U2= You too
To understand U2's song we need to bear in mind two important facts that affect many of their songs:
1- They are deeply Christian and many of their songs have an implicit or explicit Christian message or use frequent Christian imaginary and metaphors and Bible references to express important ideas (especially their first and last period, with a confused phase in the middle, when they sang: "but I still haven't found what I'm looking for")
2- They are from Ireland and very concerned with all the terrorism and violence between nationalists and unionists in the north at the time. U2 took a clear stand against violence and terrorism and in favour of a peaceful solution to the conflict. This non-violence attitude built on a Christian foundation, together with a strong rejection of injustice and oppression of any kind, is present in one way or another in many of their lyrics.
Definition of PRIDE:
1. A sense of one's own proper dignity or value; self-respect.
2. Pleasure or satisfaction taken in an achievement, possession, or association: parental pride.
3. Arrogant or disdainful conduct or treatment; haughtiness.
In this song, "pride" is used in the senses 1 and 2, not in the negative sense 3.
This song is a tribute to Martin Luther King, Jr. but also to many people throughout history who have sacrificed their lives in the name of love, looking for justice and practising non-violence to achieve their goal. It is about people who lived their life with pride. Not in a boastful way, but with the pride a person has when their thoughts and actions are motivated by their understanding and full awareness of the dignity and sanctity of all human life. They were martyrs who were ready to die, not to kill, because their life and death was an expression of God's love for all humanity. That is what makes them heroes. All these heroes (but especially M.L. King) are compared to Jesus, who also fought injustice and oppression through non-violence and died for it.
Other so-called "heroes" from past and present looked for justice fighting and killing others, but the end doesn't justify the means, that's what U2 is trying to express in the middle of all the fighting and terrorism that was striking Ireland at that time. So to bring the message home, U2 uses the recent example of Martin Luther King as an alternative way of liberation as opposed to the terrorism of the IRA.
The song is construed to highlight the similarities between Dr. King and Jesus, but there are two interpretations of this song:
1- Stanzas 1 and 2 are talking about non-violence heroes of the past (mainly Jesus but also others) who came in the name of God, as compared to other people who were violent or didn't care at all. In this case the song would have a contrasting composition of good-bad-good-bad in both stanzas. Stanza 3 is talking about Martin Luther King.
2- Stanzas 1 and 2 are talking about Jesus and stanza 3 is talking about M.L. King as an example of the ideals Jesus came to show.
Let's analyse the song line by line according to interpretation 1, using then "ATL=" to introduce the second interpretation.
One man come in the name of Love= Love is a reference to God, so it means that some people were sent by God with a specific mission to show God's love, they came in the name of God. The phrase "one man" is used here in a general sense, so it really means "some people". ATL= If stanzas 1 and 2 are all talking always about Jesus, then this "one man" would mean exactly that, one man: Jesus.
One man come and go= Some people came to this world and went (died), but they made no difference, their life was not useful. So here is a contrast between the heroes sent from God with a mission, and people who don't want to get involved and do nothing about injustice. ALT= This line simply means that he came to earth and died.
One man come he to justify= (One man came to justify). The term "justification" (to free from the guilt of sin) is a Christian theological term that means something similar to salvation, so this is an obvious reference to Jesus, who came to this world to save us and to justify us. ALT= same.
One man to overthrow= Some people came to destroy the established power using violence. These violent "heroes" who also fought injustice, are opposed to the real heroes who came in the name of Love, and so they make no use of violence. ALT= The word "overthrow" usually carries the idea of violence, but not always, so we can use this to talk about how Jesus radically changed the balance of power and justice then and now, and they use the strong word "overthrow" to emphasize the enormity of that change.
In the name of Love!= This expression is equivalent to "for God's sake!" and it is an exclamation we can use to express that we are very tired of a bad situation or that we think a situation has gone too far. ALT= This expression is not used to express we're fed up, it is simply used to emphasize the next question.
What more in the name of Love?= A rhetorical question that expresses that he is shocked by all the things people do in the name of Love/God. This is a clear reference, I think, to IRA terrorism at the time, but it could be equally applied to many other forms of violence (Al-Qaeda, ETA, etc.). This line is not against people who practise violence, it's about those who practise violence in the conviction that they are fighting for justice, so they do terrible things in the name of love. ALT= Jesus gave up everything for us in the name of love, including his life, so what more could a man do? nothing.
One man caught on a barbed wire fence= Probably a reference to the soldiers of WWI, who fought mainly among trenches and barbed wired barriers. ALT= a metaphoric reference to Jesus' crown of thorns, similar to a barbed wire fence.
One man he resist= The pacifists who opposed the war. Again, there is a contrast between violent people (the soldiers) and non-violent people (the pacifists); people who practise evil, and people who resist evil. ALT= Jesus resisted evil, injustice and opression, and he also resisted the temptation of using violence for that.
One man washed on an empty beach= Probably a reference to Irish poet, (revolutionary and nationalist) Roger Casement, who was captured on the beach of Banna Strand in 1916, arrested and executed for his part in the Easter Rising (a revolt to free Ireland from British rule). If the interpretation number 1 (good-bad-good-bad) , this line would fit into the negative part, because this Irish activist supported violence and so he could be condemned as an early form of Irish terrorism, which U2 strongly opposes. Here, we are supposing that "washed" means "washed up onto..." "carried by the sea onto the shore", as if surviving a shipwreck (which was not the case; he was dropped there by a German submarine). ALT= this is a reference to Jesus' baptism, so "washed" would be literal, meaning "having water poured on him" (or getting into the waters of the Jordan River), and beach would simply mean "river bank".
One man betrayed with a kiss= Jesus was betrayed by Judas with a kiss when he kissed Jesus as a signal to show the soldiers whom they had to arrest. ALT= same.
Nobody like you= If the song is mainly about M.L. King, maybe this is a reference to him, but it may also be a reference to Jesus or God, since he is also present all through the song as the model against which everybody else compares. And really, saying that M.L. King is the best man in history would be going a bit too far, especially for a Christian band like U2. ALT= same.
Early morning, April 4= This paragraph is all about M.L. King, so this is clearly a mistake. He was killed on April 4 (1968) but at 6pm, so it should be "early evening". Some people suggest that the song was originally composed about Jesus and non-violent heroes in general, and later modify to make a special tribute to M.L. King, so this "early morning" would be part of the first composition, referring to Jesus' resurrection early in the morning. Then, when they changed this line and the next to introduce references to Mr. King, they forgot to change this.
Shot rings out in the Memphis sky= The gun shots that killed M.L. King in Memphis.
Free at last, they took your life= For a believer, death is not the end, it is a liberation because we leave this world of suffering and enter a glorious eternal life, so when M.L. King died, he was "free at last", especially considering that he was fighting for his freedom and that of all his fellow black people. Actually, on M.L. King's tombstone we can read the inscription: "Free at Last, Free at Last. Thank God Almighty I'm Free at Last".
They could not take your pride= All your worth and your deeds remained after your death, they couldn't humiliate your memory or destroy people's admiration for you.
So as you can see, both interpretations (1 and 2) make sense, although some lines fit best with No.1 and some best with No.2. But, personally, I think Bono built a broad frame about Jesus as the model for non-violence fight, and used it all as an introduction to the final reference to M.L. King (that would be the climax), so we can better understand what King's life really meant. Besides, being King himself a Christian pastor, he obviously built his non-violence movement on Jesus' foundations.
Crutchead insists that the whole lyrics were originally about Jesus and goes as far as to reconstruct the probably original paragraph before it was modified to include references to Luther King:
Early morning - April morn,
A shout cries out from the midst of the sky,
Free at last they took your life,
But they could not take your Life!
And sure, it fits beautifully with the present song and with the Biblical expressions used to talk about Jesus' resurrection, but most probably this reconstruction is only a nice (and clever) theory.
Note: M. Luther King is a black American activist and clergyman who fought for the civil rights of the black population using non-violence. Thanks to his leadership and inspiration, black people won the battle for equality and discrimination laws were abolished.
The relevance of the lyrics to the armed Irish conflict is well established by the video which, at the beginning and the end, shows images of Ireland. This is U2's way of saying to IRA: Your cause may be just, but violence is simply NOT the way. (Al-Qaeda, ETA and so many others today, including some governments, still need to hear this message loud and clear)
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