Share your toys. Share your food. Share your clothes. Share the back seat of the station wagon with my 9 sisters and brothers. Jeez Mom! As one of 10 children, BOY did I learn to share MY PARENTS, amongst other things. It was a necessity in my world. But now that I consider my crowded childhood, I realize that sharing with friends and siblings meant that I was not alone. I shared memories. Shared ideas. Shared dreams. If you stop long enough to think about it, when you dream alone, with your eyes shut, asleep – that dream is an illusion deep in your subconscience. When we dream together, sharing the same dream, awake and with our eyes wide open – only THEN we can make that dream a reality together. That's a good reason to share, isn't it?
When we share our thoughts, ideas, creativity… we are sharing a bit of ourselves and by doing so, we are reconfirming our reality. Not to mention that sharing those particular things with others can expand upon them and make them more useful. But overall, we should all share with those in need most especially. If you don't have money or things, share a little bit of your heart. That won't cost you a thing!


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Home Blog Microtraction announces investment in fintech startup Pivo, its first deal for the year
Microtraction announces investment in fintech startup Pivo, its first deal for the year
VC firm, Microtraction, has announced an investment in Pivo, a startup that provides credit-focused financial services for SME players in the supply chain.
This investment comes months after the company announced an investment in Honeycoin, its last investment for the year 2021.
Microtraction, whose long-term mission is to accelerate Africa's transition to a sustainable and developed economy, did not disclose how much it invested in Pivo but said it is "excited to be on this journey with Pivo as they work hard to bridge Africa's supply chain financing gap."
Previously, small and medium-sized business owners in the supply chain industry have struggled to acquire the financing and tailored services they need to fund their contracts and drive demand. This is a challenge Pivo hopes to solve.
Legacy financial institutions that provide corporate banking solutions often need high-value collateral and might take up to 5–7 working days to convey loan decisions.
Pivo, on the other hand, is upending traditional banking by providing a new and more efficient method for suppliers throughout the continent to access financial services.
Pivo logo
The company's primary product, Pivo Capital, allows businesses to get working capital loans of up to $50,000 to help them grow.
Pivo Capital also relies on trade finance which enables suppliers to fulfil client orders even if they lack the necessary upfront funds. Its cycle is 40–60 days, whereas working capital loans have a 31-day term.
The company maintains that its primary purpose is to provide an end-to-end financial operating system for these logistic companies.
As it expands, Pivo wants to implement a multi-product approach that will allow it to handle the whole financing lifecycle of its clients' transactions.
It plans to debut its finance product in beta by the end of Q1 2022. Users on Pivo will be able to establish and manage a corporate bank account that is personalized for their specific business using this functionality.
A team of financial enthusiasts
The company, co-founded by Nkiru Amadi-Emina and Ijeoma Akwiwu, was born out of a need to solve financial gap problems close friends and family had experienced.
Co-founders of Pivo, Nkiru Amadi-Emina and Ijeoma Akwiwu)
Both founders are technical and have industry knowledge. Nkiru and Ijeoma are doubling down on a niche market's financial service demands, and they've mastered a near-risk-free process that insures a 30 to 45-day turnaround cycle.
According to the company, customers may apply for loans and receive a decision within 24 hours once all the needed evidence has been submitted and confirmed.
These processes ensure that it seamlessly bypasses the stumbling blocks that traditional banks impose, such as lengthy forms, setup fees, and minimum balances.
Users may supply information about their business with a few clicks on the Pivo Dashboard and be up and running in 5 minutes or less.
Pivo's credit operations follow a Supply Chain Finance strategy, with each loan related to a transaction.
In many circumstances, a verified Pro-forma invoice or alternative will be enough for the Pivo customer to establish proof of the business connection for which they want money.
Pivo's progress so far
Pivo initially onboarded 100 active customers and processed over $100K in loan applications. These figures have since doubled, with logistics subcontractors receiving more than 70% of all loans disbursed.
According to the company, its solution might become a different asset class for HNIs wishing to diversify their investment portfolio.
Pivo concentrates on a B2B strategy, and financiers can engage directly with individual users, covering the financial needs of suppliers from beginning to end.
See also: 'We don't want to invest in part-time founders' – Microtraction's Dayo Koleowo talks about funding startups
As a result of the team's strategy, suppliers and contractors now have access to relevant service offerings, which eliminates a reoccurring issue.
Complementary services like insurance and regulatory compliance advice would also help to reduce the chances of cargo being lost in transit.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I was in Newark on Thursday, giving a Day of Reflection about the Internet and the Church (that's for another time). We met in Holy Trinity Parish, and I had some great conversations about a huge pastoral project they are involved in. Supported by Lottery funding, and with the help of Regenerate Trust, they are part of a Neighbourhood Challenge pilot scheme that's trying to find new ways of listening to the needs of the community and responding to those needs through the commitment of the community itself. You can read about it here.
Fr Michael gave me one great example of how listening with sensitivity and openness can bring about unexpected changes. Like most parishes, there was a vague feeling that they were not doing enough for young people, and an assumption that they should start some kind of youth club, which reflected another unspoken assumption that young people wanted to be alone together – isolated within their peer group, and cut off from other relationships with their parents, older or younger siblings, parishioners, neighbours etc.
But when, as part of this project, they actually started asking families what the young people really wanted/needed (I know these are not always the same thing), the answer was: a family evening. Not to stop young people gathering together with their peers; but to allow them to do that in a context where the whole family could be together as well, and where other families – and parishioners and neighbours – could spend time together. So they did it. And it worked!
On Friday 5th August a group of volunteers arrived at the Community Centre a little apprehensive but very excited, waiting to see what the opening night of Family Friday's would hold.
It turned out that well over 50 people came down to the centre and the atmosphere was brilliant. Young people were out playing games on the field, people were playing table tennis and pool. The hot dogs were very well received and tasted great (so I am told) and the tuck shop also went down brilliantly with old and young alike! Adults were catching up with one another and young people were either joining in with their families, playing games or sitting having their own conversations. It was fantastic to see people interacting together so freely and the concerns about ages and parents being around appeared to be unfounded as a good time was had by all.
There were people of all ages there from under 5′s to over 60′s and the interactions were wonderful to see. Several people remarked on the night and since how surprised at the numbers and the success of the evening. All we can hope is that Family Fridays continue to grow and develop. When term time starts up hopefully the word will start to spread and that even more people will interested in coming and seeing what is on offer of Family Friday's down at Holy Trinity Community and Partnership Centre.
The peer group is important. And young people need space and a certain privacy. But they also value the security of knowing that parents, grandparents, siblings, neighbours, etc are around. In the right context, there can be a magical balance of freedom and belonging in this kind of environment.
You see this, if you are lucky, when extended families get together, and cousins chase around together while aunties and uncles sit and put the world to rights.
You see this in Lourdes, when part of the joy for young people is spending time with the elderly, loving them for who they are, and also being able to escape in their own groups later in the day.
You see this, sometimes, in village schools, where because of the lack of numbers, children are not isolated within their own age group, but have to share a classroom with those younger and older than themselves, with the result that all sorts of relationships can flourish that would be impossible in a single year group.
I know there are problems as well; I just think we should be a bit more critical of the hidden assumption that the deepest desire of everyone between the ages of 11 and 18 is to get away from anyone who isn't their age.
[I'm just piecing this all together from a quick conversation with Fr Michael. If anyone from the parish wants to say more about the listening process behind the family nights – please do add your thoughts in the comments below].
When I was on retreat in September I took De Caussade's Self-Abandonment to Divine Providence with me for spiritual reading, in the translation by Kitty Muggeridge entitled 'The Sacrament of the Present Moment'. I read it years ago, but it's good to come back to it again.
There are many other translations available – see these here on Amazon. Another one I have is a reprint of a Burns and Oates edition that has a fantastic selection of letters by De Caussade (Self-Abandonment to Divine Providence by Father J. P. de Caussade, translated by Father P. H. Ramiere SJ, edited by Father John Joyce SJ, with an introduction by Dom David Knowles. Tan Books, Charlotte, North Carolina, 1987).
This excerpt from a letter to a religious sister contains the kernel of his spiritual doctrine. It's very simple, and very powerful.
I do not understand your anxieties, my dear Sister; why do you take pleasure in tormenting yourself, as you do, over the future, when your faith teaches you that the future is in the hands of a Father who is infinitely good, who loves you more than you love yourself and who understands your interests far better than you?
Have you forgotten that everything that happens is directed by the orders of divine Providence? But if we know this how can we hesitate to remain in a state of humble submission, in the most trifling as in the greatest events, to all that God wishes or permits? How blind we are when we desire anything other than what God wishes. He alone knows the dangers which threaten us in the future and the help which we shall need.
I am firmly convinced that we should all be lost if God gave us all our desires, and that is why, as St Augustine says, God, in His mercy and compassion for our blindness, does not always grant our prayers, and sometimes gives us the contrary of what we ask as being in reality better for us. In truth, I often think that nearly all of us are in this world in the position of poor sick people who in their frenzy or delirium ask for the very thing that would cause their death and who have to be refused out of pure charity in an enlightened pity.
My God, if this truth were once for all well-known, with what blind self-abandonment should we not submit ourselves to Thy divine Providence. What peace and tranquillity of heart we should enjoy in every circumstance, not only regarding external events, but also with reference to our interior states of soul.
It shows the importance of good theology for any worthwhile spirituality. If you know that God is infinitely loving, and infinitely powerful; that he is guiding all that happens to you, and everything throughout the whole world; and that he only wants what is best for you and for all – it changes the way you pray.
You still pray and intercede, but it's no longer out of fear (trying to change God's mind because he doesn't really know what he's doing or doesn't really care as much as you do). There is a fundamental trust within every prayer, and a reassurance that what is truly best really is unfolding – even if we can't yet understand how.
It doesn't lead to passivity or quietism, or to the misguided view that everything that happens is therefore good in itself (because it's obvious that bad things and sometimes terrible things happen). It just means that there is an underlying trust in the Providence of God: that he only allows this because he desires to bring something greater out of it; that in his mercy he longs to redeem this situation – even in the face of apparent failure and meaninglessness; and that his deepest desire in everything is to lead us to what is for our true happiness and salvation.
Above all, it is a theology of hope.
You know about my love of prehistoric cave paintings. The famous images at Chauvet were painted over 30,000 years ago – quite a distance in time. This makes it all the more astonishing that painting kits used about 100,000 years ago have been discovered in a cave in South Africa, evidence not just of the production of art and the presence of a symbolic imagination, but also of an ability to mix chemicals and store materials.
This is the abstract describing the research in Science.
"This is the first known instance for deliberate planning, production and curation of a compound," Christopher Henshilwood at the University of Bergen told Science, adding that the finding also marked the first known use of containers. "It's early chemistry. It casts a whole new light on early Homo sapiens and tells us they were probably a lot more intelligent than we think, and capable of carrying out quite sophisticated acts at least 40,000 to 50,000 years before any other known example of this kind of basic chemistry," he added.


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Contaminated groundwater local problem
At 279 measuring points throughout the country, residues of the industrial chemicals PFAS were searched for. Traces were found in around 45 percent of them during the most recent special measurement program last year. But only at two measuring points was the pollution so high that it was recommended not to drink the water and not to use it to prepare food and drinks. As reported, a total of 90 households are affected in Leonding and Pasching.
"We are careful," says Kaineder, referring to the fact that there is still no fixed limit above which water contaminated with PFAS could pose a health risk to people. "As long as this limit does not exist, there is no legal remedy." One appeals to the personal responsibility to have the water tested. The state's laboratory bus is available free of charge for this purpose.
Water pipe instead of house well
In Leonding, where the day before Christmas the information about the contaminated house wells, which affected around 460 people, fluttered into the town hall, action was taken immediately and appropriate measures were taken to supply people with drinking water. "Anyone who wants to be on the safe side can use the state's laboratory bus free of charge to have the water from the house well tested," says Mayor Sabine Naderer-Jelinek. In cooperation with the municipality of Pasching, she is planning an information event in the Leonding town hall, which should take place at the latest at the beginning of February.
Irrespective of this, Naderer-Jelinek does not assume that the groundwater problem can be resolved that quickly. The solution would be a municipal water pipe for the affected areas in the Jetzing, Staudach and Felling districts, which would cost around one million euros for 2.7 kilometers. A decision by the municipal council is required for this. There would then be an obligation to connect the 80 wells. Not everyone is happy about this.
Daniela König, head of the water management department, assumes that the forthcoming EU drinking water directive will set a limit value for PFAS by next year at the latest. However, even then it remains unclear what effects the substances have on people, because there are no empirical values for this. PFAS can be found in many areas of life, in waterproof coatings for outdoor clothing as well as in baking paper, in ski wax or in cosmetics such as mascara.
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In the modern age, it's becoming more popular than ever to make money from home. Whether or not you're hoping to eventually work full-time on a remote basis, the following ideas should help you to at least make money from home in your spare time.
If you're a creative individual then blogging might be the perfect avenue for you to start making some money from home. As with running a business, the best way to make money from blogging is to know your audience. Whether you monetise your blog through adverts or by seeking the help of a sponsor, you're going to need readers and followers in order to make that happen. You won't make money from adverts unless people visit your page, and companies won't sponsor you unless you have a follower count that's worthy of their investment. Make sure you know who you're targeting. Keep your content engaging and concise. Try to find a niche so your blog stands out. Don't just make a car blog; make a blog specificially about vintage cars from the 70s. You get the idea. This could be a nice little earner from the comfort of your home.
Even before the days of the internet, investing was one of the best ways to make money outside of a traditional work environment. And this is still the case in 2019. Obviously, trends in the market are always changing, so a smart investor continually rethinks their investments to make sure their money is in the right place and their assets are still appreciating in value. There are some investment opportunities that didn't exist two decades ago, such as cryptocurrency investments. Of course, if you want to build your wealth in a low-risk way then consider saving it. We're talking about more than putting it in a money jar because it won't grow that way. You could consider an Innovative Finance ISA because that's a tax-free way to save and invest your money. Essentially, you'd be earning returns on your investments for backing the right businesses. There are plenty of great investment opportunities out there such as this.
This is probably one of the easiest and oldest ways to make money from home. That being said, there are now more opportunities than ever to sell your old things online, thanks to the internet. If you want to maximise your profits then you just need to choose the right websites for the items you're hoping to sell. Auctioning sites such as eBay are perfect for selling old items that might struggle to fetch a good price elsewhere; bid wars can really push up the price. Sites such as Gumtree are great for homeware; if you're looking to declutter your household then this is a great website to choose. Maybe you're looking to upgrade your kitchen crockery, or maybe you're looking to upgrade your living room sofa. Whatever the case, there'll be a market for it on there. Do some Googling because there are plenty of online apps and useful websites for selling things, whether your items are used, refurbished, or new. It's the ideal way to make money from home in 2019.


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Why We Love an Underdog
by Michael LaFave
For the most part, sports fans are connected by the feeling of family…the bonding experience of loving the same thing and pulling for the same outcome. That is, after all, one of the defining traits of the Buffalo Bills fan base. Buffalo, the perennial underdog, is bonded at the core because of the national perception. Watching Tiger Woods win an improbable 15th Major Title at the Masters last month got me thinking about the underdog topic, and it was capped off by the outpouring of love and support for Ezra Castro "Pancho Billa" over the past year.
As Tiger Woods gave us the best comeback in sports history at Augusta National I started to wonder how the man who is in discussion for the greatest golf player of all time somehow became an underdog. The affair, the back injuries, the Hail Mary surgery and the arrest all played a role as to why Tiger was counted out. But despite everything aforementioned, Tiger's following both on and off the course seemed as strong as ever. As I wracked by brain for an answer to this I settled on this: fans love a redemption story. Tiger Woods, a man with numerous transgressions in his personal life, someone who was dumped by his sponsors and mocked for his DUI arrest somehow had the vast majority of golf fans in his corner during his run at Augusta. It is because we love redemption.
Isn't that true of our beloved Bills, too? In fact, it goes wider than that. Isn't that true of the city of Buffalo. When we cheer for our Buffalo sports teams we are cheering harder because of the hardships that we have had. We cheer harder because of the dubious record of 4 consecutive Super Bowl losses, we cheer harder because of the Music City Miracle, because of No Goal, because of the 2006 Stanley Cup that got away due to a decimated blue line. Buffalo is the perfect redemption story, Buffalo is the underdog.
Pancho was an underdog against the worst disease that humans have ever seen. I have no doubt that the spirit and fight of the city of Buffalo, and its' teams, inspired him to fight for as long and has hard as he did. He even said as much when he gave the pre-game speech to the team last year against the Jets.
Anybody in life who has faced adversity can tell you that struggle, fight and doubt makes the redemption that much sweeter in the end. That is why this city's first Super Bowl and Stanley Cup will be unlike any other that are won after that. That is why Tiger named his most recent major victory as his most memorable. It is the struggle that makes a redemption story what it is.
Buffalo has the struggle part covered, now it's time for the redemption.
This entry was posted in Opinion/Editorial and tagged Bills, Bills Blog, Buffalo, Pancho Billa, Redemption, Tiger Woods, Underdog. Bookmark the permalink.
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Jia watched her past leaving her in the dust.
The slim Chinese girl stood in the center of the HCP lobby. A vast room was the bridge point for all HCP lifts as well as providing central access to the combat cells beyond, the classrooms on the right and the faculty offices on the left. The room itself was cluttered with couches for spectators and it included view screens of every combat cell so students could watch sanctioned fights at will. Last, a set of scoring screens unnoticed by most freshmen displayed team composition and scores for the upperclassmen.
"Kelly, I'm so proud of you," she murmured, hugging herself for comfort.
Jia stiffened, caught staring at scores for a class she was no longer a part of. She should be grateful for the extra time to practice. It was only a year behind. They were only the first and best friends she'd ever had. Seeing Julie every day was equal parts sweet and searing reminder of her failure. How much contact had she had with the others since then?
Slowly, she turned in place to face a small crowd of girls. Natasha Adler, Marie Yates and Dani Wyngarde. It was Dani who'd asked the question and, for once, she didn't look outright hostile about it.
Blinking in complete surprise, Jia choked out a "Think nothing of it".
"I'd like that," Jia said, being agreeable as much as anything else. She was still too surprised to know how she felt otherwise.
The three roommates quickly caught Jia up in the familiar babble of college chatter. Classes seemed to be on everyone's mind, now that Gym for the day was over. There was no talk at all about the combat trials a few days ago. Jia was relieved. Natasha had been her last battle before facing Alley. The Shifter had a winged form with steel-like feathers that could cut through almost anything. Natasha had a powerful ability and knew it but she seemed remarkably okay with coming in fourth.
Danielle and Marie had placed thirteen and fourteenth respectively but their abilities were less straightforward. Jia still remembered how strange she'd felt facing Marie. Her ability had surged out of control and she'd spent most of a minute throwing punches so fast she'd fallen shy of her opponent each time. Danielle, on the other hand, had apparently done really well against Alley. Though Jia couldn't think of any offensive application for phasing through objects, it seemed Jason's sister had made a good impression.
"How's Jake doing?" Dani asked, just as softly while Marie and Natasha chattered in line. Only now did Jia realize they'd made it into the cafeteria. She must be preoccupied!
The only mercy in the conversation was that Jia couldn't figure out which of them had a harder time making conversation. Their saving grace came when the line moved forward and they could pick out dinner items. Jia opted for a salad, well accustomed to the 'freshmen fifteen' experience. Besides, she'd already shed most of the little pregnancy weight she'd put on but Gym alone wouldn't drop the pounds without a good diet.
Jia followed the lead of the other girls to a table in the center of the dining room. There was a bit of foot shuffling that was mostly resolved when she realized they were waiting for her to pick a seat. That revelation once more took her thoughts off racing in other directions while her body numbly chose a chair.
After her fall from grace last year, it seemed being ranked second this year was still enough prestige to net her a following.
"So, how'd she do it?" Natasha asked at last, once everyone was settled.
Thankfully, the conversation turned away from combat rankings. Jia allowed herself to slip back into relative silence, adding a remark only when it was expected. The salad was nice but the company was nicer and she just wanted to enjoy it. It was wonderful to feel like she had friends again.
Dinner wrapped up with thankfully little fanfare. By the end, Jia had all their phone numbers and an invitation to a party this weekend. Everyone had studying to do, though, which brought an unceremonious end to tonight's festivities. Still, Jia left McKinnon Cafeteria in soaring spirits. She'd almost forgotten about the rankings board earlier.
Until she stepped into one of the secret HCP lifts, only to find Jason coming out.
He was gorgeous. The silvery-white color of Dani's hair looked pretty on her but seemed sublime on him. Jason also shared the famous white eyes of the Wyngarde family. Rather than being completely uniformly white, he still had a dark circle denoting his iris. The interior was a shaded snow, almost a pale grey that sparkled like diamonds.
Jia missed those eyes. She'd fallen in love with those eyes. Her only reprieve was when he closed them in pain. She ducked her head as he walked away silently, steeling herself against the feeling of seeing him again. Jason needed more time, more space. After what she'd put him through, she owed him that.
She stopped with her hand on the button to seal the lift doors. Her hand dropped limply to her side. Almost helpless, Jia stepped back out of the lift and looked down the deserted hallway towards the father of her child.
The white-haired man's eyes closed in a blink. When they opened, Jia had closed the distance between them, snagged him by the front of his shirt and slammed him against the wall. Even she could scarcely believe the hot, raw rage set loose through her bones, a fire matching his.
Jason broke her hold with some new move she hadn't seen. Dropping to his feet, he shoved her backwards and stood his ground. Even on a hot day in Florida, Jia could see the heat rolling off of his body. After all the training he'd had on keeping his cool, he must be pretty near the tipping point.
"I should have listened to my father," Jason said, shaking his head and backing away slowly.
Something cracked the fierce fire of Jason's visage. Then, anguished, he turned away and walked out. Walked out again, just like he had last year. It wasn't until this moment that Jia realized her heart had been healing. It had to have healed a little for her to feel it break all over again.
Jia leaned against the smooth walls outside the HCP lift, slid down the surface and hugged her knees against herself. Then, out of sight, she sobbed inconsolably.


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          <groupId>org.apache.aries</groupId>
          <artifactId>org.apache.aries.util</artifactId>
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          <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
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          <artifactId>apache-camel</artifactId>
          <type>xml</type>
          <classifier>features</classifier>
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      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.felix</groupId>
          <artifactId>org.apache.felix.configadmin</artifactId>
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      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.felix</groupId>
          <artifactId>org.apache.felix.fileinstall</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.karaf.assemblies.features</groupId>
          <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
          <type>xml</type>
          <classifier>features</classifier>
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      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.karaf.jaas</groupId>
          <artifactId>org.apache.karaf.jaas.boot</artifactId>
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      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.karaf.jaas</groupId>
          <artifactId>org.apache.karaf.jaas.config</artifactId>
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          <artifactId>org.apache.karaf.jaas.modules</artifactId>
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      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.karaf.features</groupId>
          <artifactId>org.apache.karaf.features.core</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.karaf.shell</groupId>
          <artifactId>org.apache.karaf.shell.console</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.servicemix.bundles</groupId>
          <artifactId>org.apache.servicemix.bundles.asm</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.servicemix.bundles</groupId>
          <artifactId>org.apache.servicemix.bundles.scala-library</artifactId>
          <version>2.9.1_1</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.ops4j.pax.url</groupId>
          <artifactId>pax-url-mvn</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.ops4j.pax.logging</groupId>
          <artifactId>pax-logging-api</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.mina</groupId>
          <artifactId>mina-core</artifactId>
          <version>${mina-version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.sshd</groupId>
          <artifactId>sshd-core</artifactId>
          <version>${sshd-version}</version>
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  </dependencies>

  <build>
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        <artifactId>depends-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>generate-depends-file</id>
            <goals>
              <goal>generate-depends-file</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
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      </plugin>

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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        <version>2.12</version>
        <configuration>
          <argLine>-Dproject.version=${project.version} -Dorg.ops4j.pax.url.mvn.localRepository=${settings.localRepository}</argLine>
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          <useSystemClassLoader>true</useSystemClassLoader>
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        <plugin>
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            <artifactId>maven-scala-plugin</artifactId>
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                        <goal>compile</goal>
                        <goal>testCompile</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The ultimate Pyunkang Yul Routine for Combination - Dry skin types to regain skin's initial balance, health and glow by curing Atopic Skin Ailments with Ancient Eastern Medicinal formulas.
This routine fosters Astragalus Membranaceous Root, an oriental Korean medicine that raises skin's temperature and promotes blood circulation to boost weak immunity and combat cold extremities present in drier skin types.
Your gateway to cure of sensitivity, dryness and combination skin predicaments. These Pyunkang Yul formulas are specifically designed for drier skin types or skin types that faces dryness as an issue - rebalancing and rebooting weak skin extremities.
*Note: Pyunkang Yul Oil can be mixed into Nutrition Cream. Pyunkang ul Oil can also be mixed into Pyunkang Yul Balancing Gel.
Step 3: Scoop out a 50cent size amount of Pyunkang Yul Nutrition Cream and evenly coat skin. Hug face with palms to finish and aid settling.
Step 4: Dot 4 corners of your face with Pyunkang Yul Balancing Gel - proceed to coat product evenly onto skin by patting formula out. This formula response to pats and presses by melting into skin. Rubbing is not ideal.


Learn how CDFIs are uniquely positioned to help businesses in low- and moderate-income communities survive disruptions, such as construction of the Green Line light rail transit route in Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Mass CDFI recertification push winnows list, ensures compliance. A 2013 mandate from the U.S. Treasury resulted in a reduced but focused pool of community development financial institutions.


Hi 43 year old Male living in Sydney with UC diagnosed shortly after giving up smoking 7 years ago. Usual meds and periods of flares and remission etc. I really like: Tennis, Reading and eating eating healthy.
I have posted on here before but had some information which seemed necessary to share.
I saw an eminent GI specialist here in Sydney who is pretty well known for considering alternatives to mainstream treatments.
He told be of a patient they had with severe UC and on heavy treatment who got remission and is now completely off of all drugs. His GP has confirmed this.
Simply this patient had in-laws staying and when he explained to them his condition they said they would treat that in their own Country with fresh oregano. So the patient takes a good bunch/handful of MUST be fresh Oregano everyday. He disliked the taste so blends it with fresh orange juice. I am trying it and think it might be helping but don't want to make any claims as its too early to say.
So not sure if it ever could be that simple but if it helps one person thought it worth a post.
Hi 43 year old Male living in Sydney with Ulcerative Colitis diagnosed shortly after giving up smoking 7 years ago. Usual meds and periods of flares and remission etc.
Hi Michael, Thanks so much for the beautiful poem and new information. I am trying all new things one at a time. I am glad it is helping.
Wow great info! Let's hope it works as well as probiotics and / or EVOO!! I don't see why it wouldn't. Oregano has some wonderful properties. More and more of these things are healing people.
It's pretty fantastic to have all of these natural alternatives to the meds. Superb post!
Thanks for posting the beautiful poem. There's been a lot of talk on this site about extra virgin olive oil. Maybe if you mixed that in with the fresh oregano, just a thought. I know basil is another good herb. It's a great calming herb and when made into a tea it tastes great, too. Thanks for your post and good luck to you.
Oregano oil is a very potent anti bacterial/microbal and it's not uncommon for it to be used as an alternative treatment for IBD. Look up wild oregano oil and CD/IBD – Jini Patel uses it as a natural antibiotic to kill pathogens in the gut and then "repopulates" it with probiotics. I've tried this with my daughter but it didn't work – the oil is very harsh and hard to tolerate. But, if you can tolerate it it might be worth a shot? Or you can do as the other patient and eat a ton of it (did the Dr say how much, just curious)? I'd say it's worth a shot and if you try it please let us know if it works for you. Good luck and fingers crossed.
One of the most important areas to support in autoimmune diseases is the immune system. We sometimes wrongly direct our treatments for autoimmune diseases by suppressing the immune response rather than BALANCING the immune response. Plant-based medicines or herbal constituents, are a great area to explore during healing. I am so inspired by this post, Michael, that I am going to do some research on it, especially oregano. I am taking high potency turmeric,in the form of curcumin (50/50 with ginger) 3x a day since December 7th of last year. It seems to be really helping. Demulcents are herbs that function in providing a soothing film over a mucus membrane (think "honey for a sore throat"). They can be useful in calming and soothing the GI tract (slippery elm is an example). Again, it is good to work with an herbalist, or naturopath. Keep us posted!
Hi Dede…thanks, but that is the other Shelly..not from Maine..but yeah, I was thinking it reminded me of all the anti-inflammatory foods/herbs we have and touted by Dr Weil…one of your great resources. I also think things like the oregano could potentially aggravate a bit if in a severe flare which is why I didn't comment originally. I think that may be aided by differering forms of ingestion, however.
I reposted your other info a couple of times on Dr. Kalish..very informative.
Not sure if you were able to get a recommendation from your N.D. for here in Maine? The one you mentioned I had researched and did find someone who went to her.
Thanks for the positive response. The GI speciialist who told me about this is a professor and a pioneer in IBD. They are tring it out with some of their patients. He also showed me the letter he got from the GP which explained the patients success with this treatment.
I but a few pots from the garden centre and pick a good bunch \ handful and blend it in a blender with orange juicee. It actually tastes quite nice. I have no idea how it workd it may be due to the chemical clavacol which kills pathogenic bacteria. I try totake it in the morning and the probiotics in the evening so there is a good time space in between the two, just in case it killed the good stuff as well.
What I can say with certainty is that I have had no side effects at all. I am aslo thinking or adding some psylium husk powder to the drink or slippery elm. So so far so good, but again I am cautious as this is such a random disease I still think its too early to say.
Out of interest I also did a mindfullness meditation course recently which I would really recomend. It helps with stress andwas very calming in the modern world is so hardto finfor ourselves and just to try and meditate 45 minutes a day has a really calming affect. I have lots of information on the course and links to great websites I was given which I am more than happy to pass on.
Hope this helps I really think the fresh oregano is worth a shot even if you don't drink it it pretty easy to incorpoate into food like salads and vegtables.
When I got back to see the specialist I will ask if there have been any developments and pass them on. He is currently also working on a capsule form of FMT. He was pretty revolutionary with thid but because of the yuck factor with enemas and processing they are setting up a lab, to process this into capsule form which they think will be available by the end of theyear. This will blow away all other probiotics as you will be getting 3 million strains in one tablet of human origin. Its great to know there are pioneering DR,s out there.
Apologies for the spelling I am typing on a blackberry. If anyone has any questions about the above I am more than happy to help if I can.
My anaesthetist (Sanjay) today told me this very story today, right before knocking me out!I believe you are talking about the Prof TB in Five Docks.
Michael, this all sounds really promising! I am impressed with your research, and cautious approach. One thing that really helped me, back in 2006, was the Mindfulness in Medicine course I took at UMASS Amherst. Saki Santerelli has a great book, Heal Thy Self, that I read in conjunction with the course… Inspired me to really change my life in fact! It is so rewarding and gratifying to hear from people in this site. It inspires my writing, too, Shelly from Maine LOL, wow is the other Shelly? Hi to you both. I have an appt. with my naturopath next Tuesday afternoon. I will be asking for a Bangor area referral (right?), info on oregano, etc. She is very well informed. I am lucky my. Insurance pays for the office visits (in Vermont), somthatvtakes away the financial stress. Off to do my morning meditation!
i just saw a naturopath who gave me oreganol oil capsules to take for my fungus overgrowth. i don't really know a lot about it, but i hope it doesn't upset my gut. i'm gonna start with one capsule a day even though he said 3 capsules plus 3 capsules of another anti fungal. my gut is too sensitive right now.
I've heard a few positive stories from others about oregano oil working wonders for all sorts of things.
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text:
With the year coming to a close, the health district celebrated its achievements for the past year. On an average day in Murrumbidgee Local Health District in 2018/19, there would have been 971 patients in hospital and another 142 receiving outpatient service or care in the community. The emergency department would see 435 people with six people admitted for a mental health condition. The Annual Public Meeting was held on Tuesday at the Wagga RSL Club to celebrate the achievements of the past 12 months, and discuss the goals for next year. Gayle Murphy, the chairperson of the MLHD board, said she was proud of what the staff and leader had accomplished, but there was still more work to be done. "We will never stop improving in all areas," she said. "One of our guest speakers was talking about patient expectations, and that is one are we need to do more work in." Chief executive Jill Ludford said this year she was particularly proud of the achievements of MLHD staff and services recognised on the statewide stage, with three awards won. "For the second year in a row, a MLHD staff member has taken home the NSW Staff Member of the Year Award," she said. "Jenny McKenzie, a nurse practitioner, has been the clinical lead for a palliative care service providing quality care to patients living in rural and remote NSW." Ms Ludford thanked all health staff who have worked extremely hard over the year providing high-quality services to patients and clients. IN OTHER NEWS: "I am passionate about ensuring every patient who comes in contact with us has a positive experience that contributes toward their comfort, recovery and wellbeing," she said. Ms Ludford also thanked members of the Local Health Service Advisory Committees, MPS Committees, Hospital Auxiliaries and Hospital Volunteers who play a crucial role in local health care. "These volunteers work behind the scenes to help make our health services the wonderful asset they are, and I can't thank them enough," she said.
https://nnimgt-a.akamaihd.net/transform/v1/crop/frm/annie.lewis/bfd00361-045e-4dbb-b3b3-409de391d8e1.jpg/r0_365_4032_2643_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
November 26 2019 - 4:51PM
Murrumbidgee Local Health District hosts annual public meeting
Annie Lewis
Jill Ludford and Gayle Murphy.
With the year coming to a close, the health district celebrated its achievements for the past year.
On an average day in Murrumbidgee Local Health District in 2018/19, there would have been 971 patients in hospital and another 142 receiving outpatient service or care in the community.
The emergency department would see 435 people with six people admitted for a mental health condition.
The Annual Public Meeting was held on Tuesday at the Wagga RSL Club to celebrate the achievements of the past 12 months, and discuss the goals for next year.
Gayle Murphy, the chairperson of the MLHD board, said she was proud of what the staff and leader had accomplished, but there was still more work to be done.
"We will never stop improving in all areas," she said.
"One of our guest speakers was talking about patient expectations, and that is one are we need to do more work in."
Chief executive Jill Ludford said this year she was particularly proud of the achievements of MLHD staff and services recognised on the statewide stage, with three awards won.
"For the second year in a row, a MLHD staff member has taken home the NSW Staff Member of the Year Award," she said.
"Jenny McKenzie, a nurse practitioner, has been the clinical lead for a palliative care service providing quality care to patients living in rural and remote NSW."
Ms Ludford thanked all health staff who have worked extremely hard over the year providing high-quality services to patients and clients.
Wagga couple celebrate 72 years of marriage
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"I am passionate about ensuring every patient who comes in contact with us has a positive experience that contributes toward their comfort, recovery and wellbeing," she said.
Ms Ludford also thanked members of the Local Health Service Advisory Committees, MPS Committees, Hospital Auxiliaries and Hospital Volunteers who play a crucial role in local health care.
"These volunteers work behind the scenes to help make our health services the wonderful asset they are, and I can't thank them enough," she said.


Sustainable development can be thought of as living behind the capital curve. This directly relates to current crises. The financial crisis has resulted from short-termism. If your objective is short-term, it is not long-term. Whatever capital means, it seems not to mean the short-term only. Global climate change has resulted first, from ignorance, and later, from misplaced values or even denial. True capital needs to be based on the way things are, and legitimately reflect the interests of those affected.
The first thing to focus on is avoiding exacerbating the situation. Financially, this may mean not focusing on more credit as a solution. For global climate change, it may mean learning more fast, for example re-directing half of the resources we devote to keeping track of the money economy toward understanding our planetary system and its resource flows.
For the future, the priority needs to be a focus on education which authentically and genuinely prepares students to participate in dealing with world challenges.


text:
Modelling dry season flows and predicting the impact of water extraction of flagship species
Georges, Aurthur; Webster, Ian; Guarino, Fiorenzo; Jolly, Peter; Thoms, Martin; Doody, Sean; CRC for Freshwater Ecology (Australia); University of Canberra. Applied Ecology Research Group
E-Publications; E-Books; PublicationNT; 57/2002; National River health program
Daly River
The aim of this project is to contribute to recommendations on environmental flows to ensure that they are consistent with maintaining the biota of the Daly River, given competing demands of agriculture, recreation and tourism, conservation and Aboriginal culture. Our focus is on flow, connectivity and water temperatures.
Made available by via Publications (Legal Deposit) Act 2004 (NT); Submitted to the Northern Territory. Department of Infrastructure Planning and Environment
1. Project Details -- 2. Executive Summary -- 3. Interpretation of the Brief -- 4. Variation of the Brief -- 5. Background -- 6. The Daly Drainage -- 7. The Pig-nosed turtle -- 8. Analysis of Historical Flow Data -- 9. Analysis of Contemporary Flow Data -- 10. Modelling Flow Reduction -- 11. Water Temperature Versus Flow -- 12. Impact on Flagship Species -- 13. References
Environmental Flows; Modelling; Biota
57/2002; National River health program
75 pages ; 30 cm
4 Project Details Project Title: Project reference no: 23045 Modelling dry season flows and predicting the effects of water extraction on a flagship species Project Team: Leader: Dr Arthur Georges Dr Ian Webster Mr Enzo Guarino Dr Martin Thoms Mr Peter Jolly Dr Sean Doody Executive Summary Introduction The Daly River drainage is the third largest in the Northern Territory draining an area of 51,800 km2 and with an annual discharge of 4180 x 106 m3. Katherine and Pine Creek are the only major urban centres in the catchment and there are no dams on the Daly River or any of its tributaries. Major uses of adjacent rural land are pastoral and to a lesser extent agricultural. There are proposals for major agricultural development adjacent to the Daly, and these will require concurrent development of water resources for agricultural use. Potential environmental impacts from water resource development and agricultural development on adjacent lands are reduced connectivity in what is currently a year-round flowing river; reduced flows with consequential impact on flow-dependent species (e.g. ribbon weed); altered timing of flow patterns which may cause species to mis-cue reproductive and other behaviours; increased turbidity in what is currently a clear-water river in the dry season; altered water quality by altering the mix of waters derived from different sources or input of nutrients; altered water temperatures, with attendant consequences for primary production and metabolism of poikilothermic animals (invertebrates, fish, turtles) higher up the food chain. The aim of this project is to contribute to recommendations on environmental flows to ensure that they are consistent with maintaining the biota of the Daly River, given competing demands of agriculture, recreation and tourism, conservation and Aboriginal culture. Our focus is on flow, connectivity and water temperatures.


text:
Why The Neo Geo is Rich-Man Retro Gaming?
Over the last 40 years dozens upon dozens of home video game consoles have been released across the globe. Some, like the NES, retailed for affordable prices ($89.99), while others, like the TurboGrafx-16, were prohibitively expensive ($399.99).
Then there's SNK's Neo Geo system, which was in a league of its own. The machine's exorbitant $649.99 price tag (and this was in 1990 dollars) ensured that the only folks who could get their hands on it likely wore monocles and smoked cigarettes out of ivory holders fashioned from African elephant tusks. However, even after its release the Neo Geo didn't depreciate all that much in price. Today gamers can still spend hundreds of dollars on an original system, and its
used games are some of the priciest around. So what's responsible for this gouging? Here are some reasons why the Neo-Geo and its catalog of titles was, is and always will be reserved for those gamers with the deepest of pockets.
Its hardware
SNK had the novel idea to deliver a home console that perfectly replicated their arcade machines. And they delivered (hence the high price tag). Everything about the system was big, from the console itself to the giant cartridge games. Even the controller, designed after a traditional arcade stick, was massive. But the size facilitated the gameplay, and the game cartridges' 100 megabits allowed for highly detailed graphics coming through in over 4,000 colors (again, this is why each game retailed for at least $200 on release). The arcade-level graphics and great sound quality are the reason why SNK charged so much at the time. It's also the reason these consoles are still pricey even today—because they still offer a fun, old-school arcade experience.
Its games
Beyond the hardware, beyond the responsive controller, and even beyond the graphics, the reason people still pay big money for the Neo Geo is because of the games. For a console that existed for 14 years, the library isn't that extensive (about 180 games in total), but it includes some of the most iconic titles around. "Fatal Fury," "The Art of Fighting," "Blazing Star," "Samurai Showdown"—these fighters still have high replay value, which is why some of the rarer titles sell for hundreds or even thousands of dollars on eBay. An original "Metal Slug," for instance, can net over a grand online.
Its retro credibility
Old-school gamers love the Neo Geo, and it's not hard to understand why. Even when it was new, the Neo Geo offered all the fun and nostalgia of the arcade but from the comfort of your own home. Cut to 25 years later and the console is still delivering that same wistful experience. There hasn't been a machine since then that has captured the arcade vibe the way the Neo Geo did. For that reason aficionados of this system are more than gamers—they are members of a brotherhood celebrating the last gasps of a bygone era.
And all of that comes at a price. Who knows where the world of gaming is headed, what frontiers lie ahead? Maybe VR becomes so advanced in the near future that it renders all home consoles irrelevant. Or maybe the Neo Geo endures, despite technological advances, and kids of future generations get to experience what it was like to play the great arcade games of the old school. Of course if that's the case then the Neo Geo will be even more expensive. Word of caution don't buy the recently released Neo Geo X Console, you'll be sorry.
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has been protected for nearly 100 years for water harvesting.
The trail, stretching 30 kilometres in its entirety, passes mature fern gullies, creeks and plantations and offers spectacular views of the valley below.
The O'Shannassy Aqueduct Trail is a long distance walking track passing through the Yarra Ranges National Park from Don Valley to East Warburton.
Opportunities exist to Step-On Step-Off the trail from main visitor areas for a shorter walk. Or if you're interested in a longer hike, the trail can be linked to the popular Warburton Rail Trail at several locations.
When completed, the trail will link Lilydale to East Warburton via a 70km network of walking and bike trails.
The trail provides for short, medium and long distance walks and several access points are available. Before you put on your walking boots to explore this outstanding trail, plan ahead and know your entry and exit points.
The trail itself is a gentle grade however access from the valley floor is more challenging and classified as grade 3 (moderate fitness required).
Organising car shuffles can be a useful way to maximise your walking experience. Camping is not permitted along the aqueduct.
Download the map from the 'Related publications' section below to plan your route.
The natural state of the forest surrounding the aqueduct provides a haven of homes for many native animals. A keen eye and ear will discover kookaburras, eastern rosellas, lyrebirds, superb fairy-wrens, magnificent Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoos, wallabies and echidnas.
The tranquil setting also offers spectacular views across theUpper Yarra Valley.
For those who are more adventurous, take the Mt Victoria trail link to the summit of Mount Donna Buang where an observation tower provides exceptional views of the national park, Alps and the city of Melbourne.
Most of the O'Shannassy Aqueduct Trail is on a gentle grade but getting onto it from the valley floor can be more challenging. However, there are carparks provided at key access points. There are small sections of the trail that are very steep when it crosses roads and converts to a pipeline. The trail has adopted the old service road to the aqueduct for most of the trail and the trail surface is a combination of compacted small to medium sized crushed rock and patches of grass. Small wheeled strollers or small wheeled wheelchairs are not recommended on the trail.
The most accessible section of the Trail is the trail section between Dee Road, Millgrove and Yuonga Road, Warburton. The Trail remains almost level throughout this section. There are no steep gradients and getting onto the trail is much easier. There is a car park at the Dee Road intersection of the Trail that accommodates approximately 16 vehicles. A path of approximately 120 metres of compacted, small crushed rock leads down from the carpark to the Trail. This path is quite steep and it is not recommended for strollers and wheelchairs to use this path to go back up to the carpark.
Due to the steepness of the path leading down to the aqueduct, it is recommended that users in strollers and wheelchairs commence at the Dee Road carpark end of the trail section and car shuffle to finish at another section. The easiest location for getting off the trail is at Sussex Street, Millgrove (a four kilometre stretch). Vehicles are accessed by a path with a slope of approximately 1:10. There are no designated parking bays at the Sussex Street section of the Trail but users can park their vehicles on the side of the road.
The next Trail exit is at Yuonga Crescent, Warburton (an additional three kilometre stretch). The car park at the Yuonga Road section of the Trail accommodates about nine vehicles and is approximately 20 metres from the Trail. There is a short path leading down from the carpark across a bridge over the aqueduct to the Trail. One section of this path has a gradient of approximately 1:10. There is no designated disabled parking at Yuonga Road carpark.
The carparks at Dee Road and Yuonga Road are not suitable for large buses or coaches. This also applies to the Sussex Street access to the Trail.
The information shelter is approximately 30 metres from the carpark and the picnic tables are close by. There are three picnic tables located on a level concrete surface and each table has a roll under end feature. The tables and information shelter are connected to a compacted, small crushed rock path leading down below the carpark. Some sections of the path are a little steep with a gradient of approximately 1:10.
There are two picnic tables and an information shelter adjacent to the carpark at Yuonga Road. These picnic tables have the roll under end feature and are on a concrete slab on reasonably level ground. Both the picnic tables and the information shelter are reasonably accessible from the car park.
There are no toilets or barbecues on the O'Shannassy Aqueduct Trail. The nearest accessible toilet at the Warburton end of the Trail is at Warburton Playground Reserve (just off the main street of Warburton). The closest accessible toilets at the Millgrove section of the O'Shannassy Trail is at the Millgrove Warburton Rail Trail Reserve on Warburton Highway.


We have to admit here at 16 Clefs that for this video we had to watch it twice. Once with our eyes partially covered because we were kind of creeped out by the video Sydney's Our Last Enemy made for their single "Devour the Sun" and then once all the way through with eyes uncovered.
Or just be brave and watch the video below by Our Last Enemy.


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Associates of the SASA Institute of Ethnography winners of "Anđelka Milić" Award
It is with great pleasure to inform that the associates of the SASA Institute of Ethnography Lada Stevanović, PhD, Mladena Prelić, PhD, and Miroslava Lukić Krstanović, PhD, have received the "Anđelka Milić" Award in the category of scientific research for 2021 awarded by SEFEM (Section for Feminist Research and Critical Studi...
The British publisher "Emerald Publishing House" has published a monograph by a Principal Research Fellow at the SASA Institute of Ethnography
It is with great pleasure to announce that the British publisher "Emerald Publishing House" has published a monograph by Aleksandra Pavićević, PhD, a Principal Research Fellow at the SASA Institute of Ethnography. The monograph "Funeral Practices in Serbia" is part of a series of publications on the topic of funeral practices...
Briefing notes from the conference "Women Scientists in Society" have been published
On the occasion of the International Day of Women and Girls in Science held on 11th February, we would like to inform you that the briefing notes from the conference"Women Scientists in Society" held at the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts from 11th to 13th February and organized by the SASA Institute of Ethnography, as p...
"Dušan Bandić" Award for the monograph published by the SASA Institute of Ethnography
It is with pleasure that we announce that Jadranka Đorđević Crnobrnja, PhD, a Senior Research Associate of the SASA Institute of Ethnography, won "Dušan Bandić" award which is given for the best book in the field of ethnology and anthropology in Serbia. The committee consisting of professor Dragana Antonijević, professor Vlad...
The third issue of the 2020 Bulletin of the SASA Institute of Ethnography has been published
The third issue of the 2020 Bulletin of the SASA Institute of Ethnography has been published. The topic of the current issue is "Islam, the Individual and Communities of Practice in Serbia: Agents of Change, Conflict and Cooperation". The issue consists of eleven works related to the fields of ethnomusicology, literature, eth...


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A river delta is a landform shaped like a triangle, created by deposition of sediment that is carried by a river  and enters slower-moving or stagnant water. This occurs where a river enters an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, or (more rarely) another river that cannot carry away the supplied sediment. It is so named because its triangle shape resembles the Greek letter Delta. The size and shape of a delta is controlled by the balance between watershed processes that supply sediment, and receiving basin processes that redistribute, sequester, and export that sediment. The size, geometry, and location of the receiving basin also plays an important role in delta evolution.

River deltas are important in human civilization, as they are major agricultural production centers and population centers. They can provide coastline defense and can impact drinking water supply. They are also ecologically important, with different species' assemblages depending on their landscape position.

Etymology
A river delta is so named because the shape of the Nile Delta approximates the triangular uppercase Greek letter delta. The triangular shape of the Nile Delta was known to audiences of classical Athenian drama; the tragedy Prometheus Bound by Aeschylus refers to it as the "triangular Nilotic land", though not as a "delta".  Herodotus's description of Egypt in his Histories mentions the Delta fourteen times, as "the Delta, as it is called by the Ionians", including describing the outflow of silt into the sea and the convexly curved seaward side of the triangle. Despite making comparisons to other river-systems' deltas, Herodotus did not describe them as "deltas". The Greek historian Polybius likened the land between the Rhône and Isère rivers to the Nile Delta, referring to both as islands, but did not apply the word delta. According to the Roman geographer Strabo, the Cynic philosopher Onesicritus of Astypalaea, who accompanied Alexander the Great's conquests in India, reported that Patalene (the delta of the Indus River) was "a delta". (). The Roman author Arrian's Indica states that "the delta of the land of the Indians is made by the Indus river no less than is the case with that of Egypt".

As a generic term for the landform at the mouth of river, the word delta is first attested in the English-speaking world in the late 18th century, in the work of Edward Gibbon.

Formation

River deltas form when a river carrying sediment reaches a body of water, such as a lake, ocean, or a  reservoir. When the flow enters the standing water, it is no longer confined to its channel and expands in width. This flow expansion results in a decrease in the flow velocity, which diminishes the ability of the flow to transport sediment. As a result, sediment drops out of the flow and is deposited as alluvium, which builds up to form the river delta. Over time, this single channel builds a deltaic lobe (such as the bird's-foot of the Mississippi or Ural river deltas), pushing its mouth into the standing water. As the deltaic lobe advances, the gradient of the river channel becomes lower because the river channel is longer but has the same change in elevation (see slope).

As the gradient of the river channel decreases, the amount of shear stress on the bed decreases, which results in the deposition of sediment within the channel and a rise in the channel bed relative to the floodplain. This destabilizes the river channel. If the river breaches its natural levees (such as during a flood), it spills out into a new course with a shorter route to the ocean, thereby obtaining a steeper, more stable gradient. Typically, when the river switches channels in this manner, some of its flow remains in the abandoned channel. Repeated channel-switching events build up a mature delta with a distributary network.

Another way these distributary networks form is from the deposition of mouth bars (mid-channel sand and/or gravel bars at the mouth of a river). When this mid-channel bar is deposited at the mouth of a river, the flow is routed around it. This results in additional deposition on the upstream end of the mouth-bar, which splits the river into two distributary channels. A good example of the result of this process is the Wax Lake Delta.

In both of these cases, depositional processes force redistribution of deposition from areas of high deposition to areas of low deposition. This results in the smoothing of the planform (or map-view) shape of the delta as the channels move across its surface and deposit sediment. Because the sediment is laid down in this fashion, the shape of these deltas approximates a fan. The more often the flow changes course, the shape develops as closer to an ideal fan, because more rapid changes in channel position result in more uniform deposition of sediment on the delta front. The Mississippi and Ural River deltas, with their bird's-feet, are examples of rivers that do not avulse often enough to form a symmetrical fan shape. Alluvial fan deltas, as seen by their name, avulse frequently and more closely approximate an ideal fan shape.

Most large river deltas discharge to intra-cratonic basins on the trailing edges of passive margins due to the majority of large rivers such as the Mississippi, Nile, Amazon, Ganges, Indus, Yangtze, and Yellow River discharging along passive continental margins. This phenomenon is due mainly to three factors: topography,  basin area, and basin elevation. Topography along passive margins tend to be more gradual and widespread over a greater area enabling sediment to pile up and accumulate over time to form large river deltas. Topography along active margins tend to be steeper and less widespread, which results in sediments not having the ability to pile up and accumulate due to the sediment traveling into a steep subduction trench rather than a shallow continental shelf.

There are many other lesser factors that could explain why the majority of river deltas form along passive margins rather than active margins. Along active margins, orogenic sequences cause tectonic activity to form over-steepened slopes, brecciated rocks, and volcanic activity resulting in delta formation to exist closer to the sediment source. When sediment does not travel far from the source, sediments that build up are coarser grained and more loosely consolidated, therefore making delta formation more difficult. Tectonic activity on active margins causes the formation of river deltas to form closer to the sediment source which may affect channel avulsion, delta lobe switching, and auto cyclicity. Active margin river deltas tend to be much smaller and less abundant but may transport similar amounts of sediment. However, the sediment is never piled up in thick sequences due to the sediment traveling and depositing in deep subduction trenches.

Types

Deltas are typically classified according to the main control on deposition, which is a combination of river, wave, and tidal processes, depending on the strength of each. The other two factors that play a major role are landscape position and the grain size distribution of the source sediment entering the delta from the river.

Fluvial-dominated deltas
Fluvial-dominated deltas are found in areas of low tidal range and low wave energy. Where the river water is nearly equal in density to the basin water, the delta is characterized by homopycnal flow, in which the river water rapidly mixes with basin water and abruptly dumps most of its sediment load. Where the river water has higher density than basin water, typically from a heavy load of sediment, the delta is characterized by hyperpycnal flow in which the river water hugs the basin bottom as a density current that deposits its sediments as turbidites. When the river water is less dense than the basin water, as is typical of river deltas on an ocean coastline, the delta is characterized by hypopycnal flow in which the river water is slow to mix with the denser basin water and spreads out as a surface fan. This allows fine sediments to be carried a considerable distance before settling out of suspension. Beds in a hypocynal delta dip at a very shallow angle, around 1 degree.

Fluvial-dominated deltas are further distinguished by the relative importance of the inertia of rapidly flowing water, the importance of turbulent bed friction beyond the river mouth, and buoyancy. Outflow dominated by inertia tend to form Gilbert type deltas. Outflow dominated by turbulent friction is prone to channel bifurcation, while buoyancy-dominated outflow produces long distributaries with narrow subaqueous natural levees and few channel bifurcations.

The modern Mississippi River delta is a good example of a fluvial-dominated delta whose outflow is buoyancy-dominated. Channel abandonment has been frequent, with seven distinct channels active over the last 5000 years. Other fluvial-dominated deltas include the Mackenzie delta and the Alta delta.

Gilbert deltas
A Gilbert delta (named after Grove Karl Gilbert) is a type of fluvial-dominated delta formed from coarse sediments, as opposed to gently-sloping muddy deltas such as that of the Mississippi. For example, a mountain river depositing sediment into a freshwater lake would form this kind of delta.
 It is commonly a result of homopycnal flow. Such deltas are characterized by a tripartite structure of topset, foreset, and bottomset beds. River water entering the lake rapidly deposits its coarser sediments on the submerged face of the delta, forming steeping dipping foreset beds. The finer sediments are deposited on the lake bottom beyond this steep slope as more gently dipping bottomset beds. Behind the delta front, braided channels deposit the gently dipping beds of the topset on the delta plain.

While some authors describe both lacustrine and marine locations of Gilbert deltas, others note that their formation is more characteristic of the freshwater lakes, where it is easier for the river water to mix with the lakewater faster (as opposed to the case of a river falling into the sea or a salt lake, where less dense fresh water brought by the river stays on top longer). Gilbert himself first described this type of delta on Lake Bonneville in 1885. Elsewhere, similar structures occur, for example, at the mouths of several creeks that flow into Okanagan Lake in British Columbia and forming prominent peninsulas at Naramata, Summerland, and Peachland.

Wave-dominated deltas
In wave dominated deltas, wave-driven sediment transport controls the shape of the delta, and much of the sediment emanating from the river mouth is deflected along the coast line. The relationship between waves and river deltas is quite variable and largely influenced by the deepwater wave regimes of the receiving basin. With a high wave energy near shore and a steeper slope offshore, waves will make river deltas smoother. Waves can also be responsible for carrying sediments away from the river delta, causing the delta to retreat. For deltas that form further upriver in an estuary, there are complex yet quantifiable linkages between winds, tides, river discharge, and delta water levels.

Tide-dominated deltas
Erosion is also an important control in tide-dominated deltas, such as the Ganges Delta, which may be mainly submarine, with prominent sandbars and ridges. This tends to produce a "dendritic" structure. Tidal deltas behave differently from river-dominated and wave-dominated deltas, which tend to have a few main distributaries.  Once a wave-dominated or river-dominated distributary silts up, it is abandoned, and a new channel forms elsewhere. In a tidal delta, new distributaries are formed during times when there is a lot of water around – such as floods or storm surges. These distributaries slowly silt up at a more or less constant rate until they fizzle out.

Tidal freshwater deltas
A tidal freshwater delta is a sedimentary deposit formed at the boundary between an upland stream and an estuary, in the region known as the "subestuary". Drowned coastal river valleys that were inundated by rising sea levels during the late Pleistocene and subsequent Holocene tend to have dendritic estuaries with many feeder tributaries. Each tributary mimics this salinity gradient from their brackish junction with the mainstem estuary up to the fresh stream feeding the head of tidal propagation. As a result, the tributaries are considered to be "subestuaries". The origin and evolution of a tidal freshwater delta involves processes that are typical of all deltas as well as processes that are unique to the tidal freshwater setting. The combination of processes that create a tidal freshwater delta result in a distinct morphology and unique environmental characteristics. Many tidal freshwater deltas that exist today are directly caused by the onset of or changes in historical land use, especially deforestation, intensive agriculture, and urbanization. These ideas are well illustrated by the many tidal freshwater deltas prograding into Chesapeake Bay along the east coastline of the United States. Research has demonstrated that the accumulating sediments in this estuary derive from post-European settlement deforestation, agriculture, and urban development.

Estuaries
Other rivers, particularly those on coasts with significant tidal range, do not form a delta but enter into the sea in the form of an estuary.  Notable examples include the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Tagus estuary.

Inland deltas

In rare cases the river delta is located inside a large valley and is called an inverted river delta. Sometimes a river divides into multiple branches in an inland area, only to rejoin and continue to the sea. Such an area is called an inland delta, and often occurs on former lake beds. The term was first coined by Alexander von Humboldt for the middle reaches of the Orinoco River, which he visited in 1800. Other prominent examples include the Inner Niger Delta, Peace–Athabasca Delta, the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, and the Sistan delta of Iran. The Danube has one in the valley on the Slovak-Hungarian border between Bratislava and Iža.

In some cases, a river flowing into a flat arid area splits into channels that evaporate as it progresses into the desert. The Okavango Delta in Botswana is one example. See endorrheic basin.

Mega deltas
The generic term mega delta can be used to describe very large Asian river deltas, such as the Yangtze, Pearl, Red, Mekong, Irrawaddy, Ganges-Brahmaputra, and Indus.

Sedimentary structure

The formation of a delta is complicated, multiple, and cross-cutting over time, but in a simple delta three main types of bedding may be distinguished: the bottomset beds, foreset/frontset beds, and topset beds. This three part structure may be seen in small scale by crossbedding.
The bottomset beds are created from the lightest suspended particles that settle farthest away from the active delta front, as the river flow diminishes into the standing body of water and loses energy. This suspended load is deposited by sediment gravity flow, creating a turbidite. These beds are laid down in horizontal layers and consist of the finest grain sizes.
The foreset beds in turn are deposited in inclined layers over the bottomset beds as the active lobe advances. Foreset beds form the greater part of the bulk of a delta, (and also occur on the lee side of sand dunes). The sediment particles within foreset beds consist of larger and more variable sizes, and constitute the bed load that the river moves downstream by rolling and bouncing along the channel bottom. When the bed load reaches the edge of the delta front, it rolls over the edge, and is deposited in steeply dipping layers over the top of the existing bottomset beds. Under water, the slope of the outermost edge of the delta is created at the angle of repose of these sediments. As the foresets accumulate and advance, subaqueous landslides occur and readjust overall slope stability. The foreset slope, thus created and maintained, extends the delta lobe outward. In cross section, foresets typically lie in angled, parallel bands, and indicate stages and seasonal variations during the creation of the delta.
The topset beds of an advancing delta are deposited in turn over the previously laid foresets, truncating or covering them. Topsets are nearly horizontal layers of smaller-sized sediment deposited on the top of the delta and form an extension of the landward alluvial plain. As the river channels meander laterally across the top of the delta, the river is lengthened and its gradient is reduced, causing the suspended load to settle out in nearly horizontal beds over the delta's top. Topset beds are subdivided into two regions: the upper delta plain and the lower delta plain. The upper delta plain is unaffected by the tide, while the boundary with the lower delta plain is defined by the upper limit of tidal influence.

Existential threats to deltas
Human activities in both deltas and the river basins upstream of deltas can radically alter delta environments. Upstream land use change such as anti-erosion agricultural practices and hydrological engineering such as dam construction in the basins feeding deltas have reduced river sediment delivery to many deltas in recent decades. This change means that there is less sediment available to maintain delta landforms, and compensate for erosion and sea level rise, causing some deltas to start losing land. Declines in river sediment delivery are projected to continue in the coming decades.

The extensive anthropogenic activities in deltas also interfere with geomorphological and ecological delta processes. People living on deltas often construct flood defences which prevent sedimentation from floods on deltas, and therefore means that sediment deposition can't compensate for subsidence and erosion. In addition to interference with delta aggradation, pumping of groundwater, oil, and gas, and constructing infrastructure all accelerate subsidence, increasing relative sea level rise. Anthropogenic activities can also destabilise river channels through sand mining, and cause saltwater intrusion. There are small-scale efforts to correct these issues, improve delta environments and increase environmental sustainability through sedimentation enhancing strategies.

While nearly all deltas have been impacted to some degree by humans, the Nile Delta and Colorado River Delta are some of the most extreme examples of the devastation caused to deltas by damming and diversion of water.

Historical data documents show that during the Roman Empire and Little Ice Age (times where there was considerable anthropogenic pressure), there was significant sediment accumulation in deltas. The industrial revolution has only amplified the impact of humans on delta growth and retreat.

Deltas in the economy
Ancient deltas are a benefit to the economy due to their well sorted sand and gravel. Sand and gravel is often quarried from these old deltas and used in concrete for highways, buildings, sidewalks, and even landscaping. More than 1 billion tons of sand and gravel are produced in the United States alone. Not all sand and gravel quarries are former deltas, but for ones that are, much of the sorting is already done by the power of water.

Urban areas and human habitation tends to locate in lowlands near water access for transportation and sanitation. This makes deltas a common location for civilizations to flourish due to access to flat land for farming, freshwater for sanitation and irrigation, and sea access for trade. Deltas often host extensive industrial and commercial activities as well as agricultural land which are often in conflict. Some of the world's largest regional economies are located on deltas such as the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, European Low Countries and the Greater Tokyo Area.

Examples

The Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta, which spans most of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India empties into the Bay of Bengal, is the world's largest delta.

The Selenga River delta in the Russian republic of Buryatia is the largest delta emptying into a body of fresh water, in its case Lake Baikal.

Deltas on Mars
Researchers have found a number of examples of deltas that formed in Martian lakes.  Finding deltas is a major sign that Mars once had large amounts of water.  Deltas have been found over a wide geographical range.  Below are pictures of a few.

See also

References

Bibliography
 Renaud, F. and C. Kuenzer 2012: The Mekong Delta System – Interdisciplinary Analyses of a River Delta, Springer, , , pp. 7–48
 KUENZER C. and RENAUD, F. 2012: Climate Change and Environmental Change in River Deltas Globally. In (eds.): Renaud, F. and C. Kuenzer 2012: The Mekong Delta System – Interdisciplinary Analyses of a River Delta, Springer, , , pp. 7–48

External links

Louisiana State University Geology – World Deltas
 http://www.wisdom.eoc.dlr.de WISDOM Water related Information System for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong Delta
Wave-dominated river deltas on coastalwiki.org – A coastalwiki.org page on wave-dominated river deltas

Aquatic ecology
Ecology

Coastal geography
Sedimentology
Fluvial landforms
Water streams
Bodies of water
Water

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Calix--crown-6 display an exceptional selectivity towards cesium, due to their preorganization and their complementarity between the size of the crown and that of this cation. Their application in the field of nuclear industry allows this element to be very selectively extracted from nitric solutions obtained from the dissolution of nuclear spent fuel. The studies dealing with extraction of cesium by calixarenes involve knowing how to measure this complexing molecule into its solvent. The solvent is a mixture of Nitro-2-PhenylHexylEther (NPHE) and Tetra Propylene Hydrogenated (TPH). Since TPH is saturated, and thus, non UV absorbing molecule, its presence into the mixture will not interfere; on the other hand, NPHE, which exhibits chemical fonctionalities and an hydrophobicity quite similar to those of calixarene, must be separated from the complexing molecule. We have determined the conditions of separation between calixarene and its solvent by using the adsorption chromatographic mode over silica, associated with an organic eluent composed of hexane and isopropanol. In these conditions, separation of the calixarene from NPHE is accomplished in less than 8 minutes.
Key words: Calixarene -- adsorption chromatography.