text:
Q: c++ validate input value before add it to array My target is to validate input value before add it into array. Current code used:
int main()
{
    int temp;
    int arr[5];
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        // validate here
        cin >> arr[i];
    }
    return 0;
}

and my validation method:
int validateInput(string prompt)
{
    int val;
    while (true)
    {
        cin.clear();
        cin.sync();
        cout << prompt;
        cin >> val;
        if (cin.good() && val >= -50 && val <= 50)
        {
            break;
        }
        else
            cin.clear();
        cout << "Invalid input! number must be between -50 and 50" << endl;
    }
    return val;
}

How is that possible?

A: Your validateInput should just deal with validation: it should answer "is x valid or not valid?"
bool validateInput(int x)
{
    return val >= -50 && val <= 50;
}

When reading from stdin, use validateInput and branch accordingly:
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
    int temp;
    cin >> temp;

    if(cin.good() && validateInput(temp))
    {
        arr[i] = temp;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "Invalid input! number must be between -50 and 50" << endl;
        // handle invalid input
    }
}

If you want to further abstract the idea of "only reading valid numbers from std::cin", you can use an higher-order function:
template <typename TFValid, typename TFInvalid, typename TFInvalidIO>
decltype(auto) processInput(TFValid&& f_valid, TFInvalid&& f_invalid, TFInvalidIO&& f_invalid_io)
{
     int temp;
     cin >> temp;

     if(!cin.good())
     {
         // Invalid IO.
         return std::forward<TFInvalidIO>(f_invalid_io)();
     }

     if(validateInput(temp))
     {
         // Valid IO and datum.
         return std::forward<TFValid>(f_valid)(temp);
     }

     // Valid IO, but invalid datum.
     return std::forward<TFInvalid>(f_invalid)(temp);
}

Usage:
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
    processInput([&](int x){ arr[i] = x; },
                 [](int x){ cout << x << " is invalid"; },
                 []{ cout << "Error reading from cin"; });
}

If you want more genericity you can also pass validateInput and the type of input as an additional parameters.

A: Vittorio's answer above is spot on. For completeness, if you want exactly 5 elements:
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

bool validateInput(int inValue)
{
  return inValue >= -50 && inValue <= 50;
}

int main()
{
  int _arr[5];
  int _currentIdx = 0;
  int _tmp;
  while (_currentIdx < 5)
  {
    cin >> _tmp;
    if (validateInput(_tmp))
    {
      _arr[_currentIdx] = _tmp;
      _currentIdx++;
    }
    else
    {
      cout << "Invalid input! number must be between -50 and 50" << endl;
    }
  }
}

A: replace
cin >> temp;

with
arr[i] = validateInput("some str");


text:
Q: web service for mobile application in yii In my Yii web application I want to write a web service for mobile application. I create a url for access student details with GET method. That I want to change GET method to POST method or PUT method. My url is,
url/index.php/user/login/studentdetails/?username=demo

I am getting this username from client side and giving the response from server side to client side in json format.
My code is,
 public function actionStudentdetails() {

        if (isset($_GET['username'])) {
            $user = Users::model()->findByAttributes(array('username' => $_GET['username']));
            $usertypeid = $user->usertypeid;
            if ($usertypeid === '1') {
                $studentid = $user->userid;
            } else if ($usertypeid === '3') {
                $guardianid = $user->userid;
                $studentid = $_GET['studentid'];
            } else {
                $employeemasterid = $user->userid;
            }
            $student = Student::model()->findByPk($studentid);
            header('Content-type: application/json');
            $response["student_admissionno"] = $student->student_admissionno;
            $response["student_firstname"] = $student->student_firstname;
            $response["student_middlename"] = $student->student_middlename;
            $response["student_lastname"] = $student->student_lastname;
            $response["student_admissiondate"] = $student->student_admissiondate;
            $response["student_dob"] = $student->student_dob;
            $response["student_gender"] = $student->student_gender;
            $response["student_religion"] = $student->student_religion;
            $response["student_caste"] = $student->student_caste;
            $response["student_address1"] = $student->student_address1;
            $response["student_address2"] = $student->student_address2;
            $response["student_city"] = $student->student_city;
            $response["student_state"] = $student->student_state;

            $response["success"] = 1;
            $response["message"] = "success";

            echo json_encode($response);
        }
    }
}

Please help me.

A: you can try this code for webserivce. you can used any method GET or POST Method of data posting in server side.
StudentController.php
public function actionStudentdetails() {
    $json_data = array();
    $params = isset($_REQUEST) ? $_REQUEST: "";
    if (!empty($params)) {
        $username = $params['username'];
        if($username == "") {
            $json_data['success'] = false;
            $json_data['message'] = 'Username are required.';
        } else {
            $user = Users::model()->findByAttributes(array('username' => $params['username']));
            $usertypeid = $user->usertypeid;
            if ($usertypeid === '1') {
                $studentid = $user->userid;
            } else if ($usertypeid === '3') {
                $guardianid = $user->userid;
                $studentid = $_GET['studentid'];
            } else {
                $employeemasterid = $user->userid;
            }
            $student = Student::model()->findByPk($studentid);
            header('Content-type: application/json');
            $json_data["student_admissionno"] = $student->student_admissionno;
            $json_data["student_firstname"] = $student->student_firstname;
            $json_data["student_middlename"] = $student->student_middlename;
            $json_data["student_lastname"] = $student->student_lastname;
            $json_data["student_admissiondate"] = $student->student_admissiondate;
            $json_data["student_dob"] = $student->student_dob;
            $json_data["student_gender"] = $student->student_gender;
            $json_data["student_religion"] = $student->student_religion;
            $json_data["student_caste"] = $student->student_caste;
            $json_data["student_address1"] = $student->student_address1;
            $json_data["student_address2"] = $student->student_address2;
            $json_data["student_city"] = $student->student_city;
            $json_data["student_state"] = $student->student_state;

            $json_data['success'] = true;
            $json_data['message'] = "Data found Successful.";
        }
    } else {
      $json_data['success'] = false;
      $json_data['message'] = "Please try again.";
    }
    echo json_encode($response);
}

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According the European Commission, a Geographical Indication (GI) is "a distinctive sign used to identify a product as originating in the territory of a particular country, region or locality where its quality, reputation or other characteristic is linked to its geographical origin." Under the system of GIs, the European Union has protected over 3,300 food and wine names with, as of 2010, an estimated value of €54.3 billion. The argument is that GIs are a useful intellectual property right, carry cultural and economic value, benefit local communities and support rural development.
However, GIs disadvantage substantially similar, even superior products in the market thereby undermining competition, misleading consumers and hindering producers. GI policy has become an obstruction in trade deal negotiations, most notably contributing to the stalling of TTIP negotiations.


The Sisters of Notre Dame International Health Care Conference opened today in Covington, Kentucky. The forty-three SND participants who are ministering in health care, are from India, Brazil, Germany, Indonesia, Korea, Italy, and the United States.
The day began with a greeting from the SND Superior General, Sister Mary Kristin Battles, a greeting and blessing from Bishop Roger J. Foys of the Diocese of Covington, and prayer. This was followed by a keynote presentation given by Sister Margaret Mary Gorman entitled "Charism and Health Care Ministry of the Sisters of Notre Dame." We hope this conference with assist the Sisters of Notre Dame to deepen our living charism through the healing ministry of Jesus.
To see slide show of the day, click picture to enlarge and advance.


text:
Court of Appeal reduces rateable value on Blackpool office block to £1
Jane Shankland
In a case that offers hope to owners and landlords of unoccupied properties which have passed their economic shelf life, but may still be subject to empty rates bills, a Blackpool office block has had its rateable value reduced from £490,000 to a nominal value of £1. The case had gone to appeal twice, but was finally upheld on the basis that there was no evidence of any demand at all in the relevant market and that the market was saturated.
The case was Hewitt (VO) v Telereal Trillium (2018) and concerned Mexford House, a three storey office building in North Shore, a predominantly residential area of Blackpool. The property had been occupied by HMRC and DWP in 2008, but vacated thereafter and handed back to the owner in 2009. It was empty on the material day on 1st April 2010.
The property had a 2010 assessment of £490,000RV, which was appealed by the ratepayer and heard by the Valuation Tribunal for England. The VTE's decision reduced the assessment to £1RV on the basis that evidence showed there was no demand for the property at the valuation date of 1st April 2008.
The Valuation Office Agency (VOA) appealed this decision to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber), who determined that the rateable value should be £370,000 RV in line with other comparable properties in the locality which were occupied.
The ratepayer appealed again, contending that it was accepted that there was no demand to occupy the hereditament on the statutory terms and conditions at a positive rent; the Tribunal was wrong to conclude that the rating hypothesis requires the valuer to assume demand that did not in reality exist, and that the correct value was a nominal figure of £1RV.
The VOA maintained its position that the basis of valuation for rating assumes a hypothetical tenant and a demand for the property must be assumed to exist. The evidence of occupation of comparable properties was evidence of a "general demand" in the locality, it said.
However, the Court of Appeal allowed the ratepayer's appeal "…in the absence of any actual demand, there is no principle of law which requires such demand to be assumed….. The notional tenant embodies demand in the actual market. If there is no such demand, because the market is already saturated, the rating hypothesis cannot itself be used to manufacture a non-existent demand from thin air".
The Court of Appeal then restored the original conclusion of the VTE, which had found the rateable value of Mexford House to be the nominal £1RV.
Jane Shankland, Business Rates Director with Cooke & Arkwright commented:
"This case is good news for owners and landlords of properties which are nearing the end of their economic life, and who maybe facing substantial empty rates liability on the expiry of a tenant's lease. Whilst the Court of Appeal made it clear that their decision was based on the specific facts of this case, it does provide hope for owners that a nominal RV may be secured if it can evidenced that there is no demand for the subject property at the relevant date."
For a further discussion please contact Jane Shankland or Andrew West.
2017 Rating Revaluation
Mansford has expanded its investment portfolio over the last few years. Over this time Andrew West has provided us with a full rating valuation service which has involved giving a view on liabilities prior to acquisitions, as well as conducting negotiations with Valuation Officers on our UK estate. The portfolio includes a wide range of properties from shops, offices and pubs to major leisure schemes. He has been particularly successful in mitigating our liabilities to empty property rate, which has been an issue on acquisition prior to implementing our development and letting strategy. I have no hesitation in recommending Andrew's expertise in rating valuation for all property types. The profile of property within his portfolio and the successes achieved are testament to his position as an extremely accomplished rating practitioner.
Leopold Hall, Partner, Mansford LLP

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text:
{% extends "layout.html" %}
{% block content %}

List of categories and attributes

                Category name
                Attribute name

        {% for category in categories %}

                {{ category.name }}

            {% for attribute in category.attributes %}

                    {{ attribute.name }}

            {% endfor %}
        {% endfor  %}

{% endblock %}

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text:
Reggae Rise Up Yoga Jam Write Up!
REGGAE RISE UP FESTIVAL 2017 MOVES TO RIVER'S EDGE RESORT, HEBER
BY SOPHIE SILVERSTONE | SEPTEMBER 6, 2017
Mid August, just before the Great American Eclipse, reggae fans squeezed the final juices out of Utah's summer at Reggae Rise Up Festival, at River's Edge Resort in Heber. Slightly Stoopid, Stick Figure, Collie Buddz, Iration, Jungle Man Sam, and others drew in an all-ages crowd of about 4,000, to the festival's first time as a camping festival.
This was not Reggae Rise Up's first rodeo. With neither the festival, nor the venue. The production team at Live Night Events also put on their second Bonanza Campoutearlier in June, and much of the volunteer base and team carried over into Reggae Rise Up (RRU). This was the seventh year of RRU, which had been at Liberty Park for the past few years. The move up to Heber was well-received, allowing people to spend the weekend and really escape with the whole family, with tent camping and cabin rentals on the property.
Yet it was the first time Reggae Rise Up incorporated yoga into their program, as a grand finale to the 2 YogaJam sessions held in early August at the Downtown SLC Farmer's Market. Both Saturday and Sunday mornings at the festival, campers could salute the sun in front of the "Local Love" stage to reggae music, with 2 classes offered by Salt Lake Power Yoga instructors, presented by We Are Yoga, a wellness brand.
"There's a lot of natural crossover between the reggae community and the yoga community," says Adam St. Simons of Reggae Rise Up. And he was proven right, by the packed-full lawn of yogis at Sunday morning's classes. Yoga veterans and first-time yogis alike down-dogged the night prior's partying out of their system, while Jungle Man Sam both DJ'd and sang an acoustic set along to the flow of the class.
Photo: Sam Pannier
The yoga felt like a true "come as you are" party; some yogis showed their advanced moves, while some giggled under the sunshine, mustering another Chataranga, or not. It was a mix between the Salt Lake Power Yoga's athletic yoga style, the laid-back vibes of the RRU campers, and infused with the colorful, re-inventive style of We Are Yoga.
We Are Yoga (WAY) is a Florida-based company, not to be confused with the local yoga studio in Salt Lake also called We Are Yoga. The brand makes yoga gear and accessories, the centerpiece being their WAY mats (We Are Yoga's microfiber towel mat for hot yoga), which were available to test out at the YogaJam. WAY's street art-inspired style approaches yoga with bright colors, eye-catching graphics such as the cartoon Ganesha, and the idea that yoga is something that everybody practices on a daily basis, whether you are aware of it or not. "Take a deep breath," says WAY rep, JC "Sizzle," who also MC'd the YogaJam, "You just did yoga!" This is how Sizzle and the WAY team navigate people who "just never really got into yoga," pointing to the difference between the trending fitness phenomenon versus the ancient wisdom and simple benefits the tradition of yoga (pranayama– or breath work, included) can bring to daily life.
Fresh after YogaJam, two full days of reggae followed. The surprise highlight of Saturday was not only Jungle Man Sam's regular set, but also his reggae dancehall after-party DJ set from 11pm-1am. The late night dance floor was a hit. Late into Saturday night, after the official after-party, smaller after-parties continued. The camping area was filled with the music from various sound systems playing a mix of classic roots reggae from the likes of Bob Marley, Lee Scratch Perry, to the rock reggae of Sublime, Slightly Stoopid (who played Saturday), and the coming sounds of Citizen Cope, Collie Buddz and Stick Figure on Sunday's linuep. Perhaps the most wonderful of all: the camp that played their favorite Sublime hits acoustic-style, as most of us drifted off to sleep, feeling among a like-minded, mellow, and family-friendly group of people.
The shared love of reggae made for a easy-going populace, always surrounded by herbacious cloud of smoke, and a shared sense of nostalgia and history around the genre. Indeed, as if to reignite our more youthful selves, the music that brings us back to when we first listened to Bob Marley, or the early 90's punky, raunchy ska hits of Sublime, both who are no longer with us (both Bob Marley and Sublime's frontman, Bradley Nowell, died early deaths). Our love for reggae music not only unites the festival's crowd, but also gives us continuous reminders in those beloved deceased artist's music: Life is precious, you might as well enjoy it.
And enjoyed it we did. Sunday, the Local Love stage got especially groovy for Salt Lake's own, Funk & Gonzo, a five-piece reggae rock band that had the daytime audience dancing uncontrollably. The food vendor highlights included authentic Jamaican food, smoothies served in pineapples, a vegan food vendor, and Lola's – a local food truck from Heber that makes you think twice that food trucks don't serve gourmet food– i.e. a smoked salmon salad that was so good, it could be on the menu at a fine dining restaurant, but definitely for more than $12 (their price).
Graffiti-style Reggae Rise Up murals were completed throughout the weekend. Vendors like Twisted Roots, a reggae store on Main St. in downtown Salt Lake, had pop-up booths, selling clothes, pipes and glass art. No one in the near proximity to the 5-year old girl who was excitedly showing her dad the elephant-shaped peace pipe could control their amusement, both by the innocent fascination at what she thought was just a cute glass elephant, as well as what a hoot it is to have both families and cannabis culture in the same place.
On the Rise Up stage, Bermudan singer Collie Buddz played songs from his recently released album, "Good Life," as well as some of his older hits, "Gimme Love," "Tomorrow's Another Day," and "Come Around," covered Bob Marley's "One Love," but also shared the stage with the strong female force, Serena. While reggae is relatively male-dominated, Serena brought some yin to the overly prevalent yang to the festival.
Stick Figure and Citizen Cope finished out Sunday night, drawing the weekend's biggest crowds. Another successful year in the books for RRU, which made a remarkable step forward in giving Utah's reggae fan-base a place to vacation for the weekend. For those who want to travel, given that Reggae Rise Up will also be throwing their fourth Reggae Rise Up festival in St. Petersberg, FL each March, make that two.


text:
Republican lawmakers storm hearing room, disrupt Trump impeachment inquiry
Richard Cowan, Patricia Zengerle, Mark Hosenball
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A U.S. House of Representatives impeachment inquiry devolved into chaos on Wednesday as Republican lawmakers, encouraged by President Donald Trump to get tougher in fighting Democratic efforts to impeach him over dealings with Ukraine, stormed into a high-security hearing room and delayed testimony by a witness.
The more than two dozen Republican lawmakers, who were not authorized to attend the hearing, entered before Laura Cooper, the U.S. defence official who oversees Ukraine and Russia matters, was due to testify behind closed doors before Republican and Democratic lawmakers.
The Republicans yelled complaints that the Democrats in charge of the inquiry were conducting it in private, lawmakers and aides said. Republicans who are members of the three congressional committees conducting the inquiry have taken part in the process throughout.
After a delay of about four hours, Cooper began her testimony.
It was a dramatic confrontation in the House of Representatives inquiry that threatens Republican Trump's presidency even as he seeks re-election next year.
Democrats are investigating whether there are grounds to impeach Trump over his July 25 request in a phone call to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy to investigate a domestic political rival, former Vice President Joe Biden. Biden is a front-runner for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination.
Zelenskiy agreed during the call. U.S. security aid that had been approved by the U.S. Congress but was being withheld from Ukraine was later provided.
Federal election law prohibits candidates from accepting foreign help in an election.
The content of the phone call was revealed by a whistleblower complaint against Trump by a person in a U.S. intelligence agency.
The top Republicans on the three committees sent a letter to House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff on Wednesday calling on him to have the whistleblower testify publicly. They said Schiff had decided that the committees would not hear the whistleblower's testimony. A Schiff spokesman declined to comment.
People familiar with the matter had said negotiations for the whistleblower's testimony were complicated. Trump had suggested the person committed treason, leading Democrats to worry that their testimony could put them at risk of exposure.
Republicans halt witness testimony in impeachment probe - U.S. lawmaker
Democrats set December impeachment target, but obstacles abound
'FAIR AND OPEN PROCESS'
By having Republican lawmakers barge into the hearing room, Trump's allies sought to put the focus on what they portray as unfair Democratic tactics rather than on the president's conduct.
Late on Wednesday, House Republican Whip Steve Scalise, who led the confrontation, told reporters, "There are going to be other things done to push even harder to have a fair and open process."
Although the Republicans complained of a lack of transparency in the inquiry, the U.S. Constitution gives the House wide latitude in how to conduct the impeachment process and set rules for the probe. It is being held in a secure room used to brief lawmakers about confidential or sensitive material.
"They're freaked out. They're trying to stop this investigation," Democratic Representative Ted Lieu said of the Republicans. "They know more facts are going to be delivered which are absolutely damning to the president of the United States."
Republicans brought cellphones into the facility even though electronic devices are forbidden and an Intelligence Committee official said some refused to remove them. The House parliamentarian ruled that the Republican lawmakers violated House rules, the official added.
Schiff told reporters that the witnesses testifying in the inquiry have defied the White House efforts to keep them silent and that "the president has urged his acolytes in Congress to use other means to try to prevent their testimony. But they won't be successful."
Trump on Monday told reporters that "Republicans have to get tougher and fight" the impeachment, saying the Democrats are "vicious and they stick together."
Trump also criticized his Republican critics on Twitter, writing: "The Never Trumper Republicans, though on respirators with not many left, are in certain ways worse and more dangerous for our Country than the Do Nothing Democrats. Watch out for them, they are human scum!"
Before the hearing room was stormed, dozens of House Republicans appeared before reporters denouncing the impeachment process as a "joke," a "railroad job," a "charade" and "Soviet-style." They complained that testimony was being taken privately rather than in public hearings and that the House did not hold a vote formally authorizing the investigation.
U.S. House Republicans speak to reporters after Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Laura Cooper arrived to testify at a closed-door deposition as part of the U.S. House of Representatives impeachment inquiry into U.S. President Trump led by the House Intelligence, House Foreign Affairs and House Oversight and Reform Committees on Capitol Hill in Washington, U.S. October 23, 2019. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso T
'WE'RE NOT GOING TO BE DETERRED'
Cooper, the deputy assistant secretary of defence for Russia, Ukraine and Eurasia, began testifying on Wednesday afternoon after the standoff ended, an Intelligence Committee official said. Cooper was expected to face questions about Trump's decision this year to withhold $391 million in security assistance to Ukraine.
Cooper had initially agreed to testify voluntarily but after pushback from the Pentagon was subpoenaed by the House Intelligence Committee early on Wednesday, according to an official working on the impeachment probe.
In an Oct. 22 letter to Cooper's attorney that was seen by Reuters, the Pentagon suggested Cooper could not be "sanctioned for refusing to comply" with a subpoena and reminded her of White House guidance that personnel could not participate in the inquiry.
In testimony on Tuesday, William Taylor, the top U.S. diplomat in Ukraine, said Trump had made aid contingent on the Ukrainian president announcing he would investigate Biden, his son Hunter Biden's tenure on the board of a Ukrainian energy company, and a debunked conspiracy theory that Ukraine meddled in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
So far, few Republicans have appeared inclined toward Trump's removal, though there have been some cracks in their support. Senator John Thune, the Senate's No. 2 Republican, told reporters that the picture painted by Taylor's testimony "based on the reporting that we've seen is not a good one."
The inquiry could lead to the House passing formal charges known as articles of impeachment, prompting a trial in the Republican-controlled Senate on whether to remove Trump from office.
Democratic lawmakers hope to complete the impeachment inquiry by year's end and are coalescing around two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction, lawmakers and aides told Reuters.
The next deposition is set for Saturday, when Philip Reeker, the acting U.S. assistant secretary of state for European and Eurasian affairs, is expected to appear, an official working on the impeachment inquiry said.
Former deputy national security adviser Charles Kupperman is expected to appear on Monday and National Security Council official Timothy Morrison is due to give testimony on Oct. 31, the official said.
Democratic Representative David Cicilline told reporters that holding the depositions in private protects the integrity of the inquiry.
"One of the reasons you do these in private is because you want to prevent witnesses from attempting to align their testimony to the testimony of another witness by watching it or reading a transcript. It's how you protect the integrity of any investigation," Cicilline said.
Democratic Representative Eric Swalwell added, "We see this as an effort not only to intimidate this witness but also to intimidate future witnesses from coming forward. It's not going to work. We're not going to be deterred."
Republican Representative Mark Meadows told reporters after Cooper's testimony that he wanted to hear from more witnesses with "first-hand knowledge" of the events.
(For a graphic on 'The impeachment inquiry' click here)
Reporting by Richard Cowan, Patricia Zengerle, Mark Hosenball and David Morgan; Additional reporting by Phil Stewart, Jonathan Landay, Amanda Becker and Susan Heavey; Writing by Will Dunham and Amanda Becker; Editing by Grant McCool and Clarence Fernandez


text:
Q: Inside a library of common functions (Instruction Set ----> High Level Program) is there information of how many clock cycles they use? I am a Mathematical Person. So thinking from that perspective.
To make my question slightly more concrete. I was thinking of controlling a hobby servo through a Uart serial data stream.
I am inventing numbers for the purpose of communicating the idea.
CONTEXT:
Suppose a servo needs to be refreshed at 100 Hz and needs a resolution of 1 degree.
So this implies that the serial communications needs to send DATA (101101000) 9 bits wide. (I realize there is overhead KEEPING IT SIMPLE ATM).
@ 100Hz. Therefore 900 bits per second transfer rate.
Given that a servo is controlled by a PWM signal. And In the case of an arduino with 16Mhz clock.
That serial transfer will consume a percentage of the Time, leaving the remainder to produce the PWM signal for controlling the servo.
MAIN QUESTION:
How do I in general find "given the Library nature of programming languages" the number of low level instructions used for particular function or routine. So I can see If I have enough time to fit in in this case. The PWM signal between data transfer.

A: Even with a RISC processor like this, where all instructions take the same number of cycles, it is going to be difficult if not impossible to determine the exact number of cycles (and thus time) of a given library routine. Especially considering the that every conditional decision within each library call may introduce more or less instructions (and time) into the execution path. If you were working with a full debugger and simulations system (which Atmel may offer at a price), it would then be possible to set breakpoints and measure precise timing of every possible case of every routine. But I suspect it would be frustrating unless the library functions were designed to ensure all cases resulted in the same timing.
That being the case, if I were you and had these concerns I would employ an oscilloscope with at least dual trace and trigger capability to test timing and synchronization, in a more deterministic fashion. That is, I can start any number of test sequences and toggle various digital pins to change output state when a given task completes. This would allow me to clearly see both the total time to complete various tasks, as well as differences between various cases. The result you are hoping for, which I think you'll get given the speed of the CPUs, is that you will have more than sufficient extra time, and all your tasks are be completed in time that is insignificant compared to the much slower speed of the actual 9 bit serial words.
Of course if it turns out that even with negligible processing time, you are still not satisfied with being limited by the speed of the serial transmission, then you'll have to either use a much faster bit/baud rate, or you will have to use multiple processors (each with their own serial I/O). then they can all prepare their data and be triggered to send simultaneously, from a single command (such as a single digital I/O point signalling all CPUs to send).
Good luck! Hopefully you'll find the Arduino speed is not an issue, and sending data to all your servos one at a time is still adequate.
And I don't know if it matters, but all arduino processors I know of have several direct PWM outputs.
But also be aware there are probably better forums than the electrical engineering forum for specific coding or processor capability questions.

A: In general any library written in C is probably not going to have information on how many clock cycles it takes to execute a function.  The reason is that it depends on your compiler optimization settings, and which compiler you use.
Usually you can only tell from source code how long something is going to take if you are looking at assembly language.  And only then by looking up the timing for each instruction in the datasheet.
I believe that the Arduino boards use the Atmel AVR processors.  In that case you can use Atmel Studio to simulate the code for any library function.  The simulator will count the elapsed time of the simulation.
Just put a breakpoint before and after the code you want to time.  Run the code to the first breakpoint and record the time.  Then run to the second breakpoint and check the time.  The difference in those two times is what you want to measure.
The serial reception and the PWM generation actually run in parallel without CPU involvement because your chip probably has dedicated hardware for both of those functions.  The CPU is only required to adjust the PWM duty cycle if it needs to change, and to take a character once the receive buffer is full.
Also with respect to the 9 bits, if your UART supports a 9 bit word then your total number of bits is 9 data bits plus a start and stop bit so 11 bits per value.  If your UART only supports 8 bits then you are forced to send two bytes, for a total of 20 bit times if you include the start and stop bits.
Note that the time it will take to send a byte can be roughly determined without simulation just based on the baud rate.  For example a 9600 bps rate will take (10 bits)/(9600 bits per second) = 1.04ms per byte (when sending with 8-data bits, 1 start bit, 1 stop bit).  Since you only need to update once every 10ms, even 9600 bps (which is pretty slow) would be more than sufficient.


text:
Q: Keeping early commit history when preparing for initial release Lets say I start a new project and track it in git. I add Feature 1, and then commit. I then add Feature 2 and commit. Finally, after adding Feature 3, I decide that I want to release this project. I create a third commit with the message Initial Release. I rename the current master branch to dev. Now I want to create a NEW master branch whose history shows ONLY the Initial Release commit.
I could do
git checkout dev
git rebase -i --root

That would get me down to a single commit, from which point it's easy to start rebasing onto my new master branch. But what if I want to keep my first two commits on the dev branch? I want to be able to look back at them to see how I built the application, but I want the master branch to have a clean history that STARTS with the Initial Release commit.
Is this possible? Or does my master branch have to show every common ancestor all the way back to the first commit?

A: You can produce any commit graph you want with any contents you want.  Start it off this way:
git checkout -B dev               # dev is the old master, you already did this
git branch -f master $(           # switch master to a new commit I'm, about to build ...
        git commit-tree -m 'Initial release' dev:  # with the wanted content & message
        )

which gets you from
A---B---C---D    master

to
A---B---C---D    dev

           D'    master

where D' has D's contents.
If you don't need to merge back from master into dev, if it's a publication-only release history branch, you're done. Next time, add -p master to the commit-tree to record the ancestry.
If you do want to merge back from any development work, you need to additionally provide a merge base from the master history to the dev history, I'd probably do this by rewriting the dev tip to include the new ancestor, after making the new master tip,
git checkout -B dev $(  # add a parent, keep existing message and tree:
        git show -s --pretty=%B dev | git commit-tree -p dev^ -p master dev:
        )

producing
...C---D   dev
      /
    D'     master

As always, when refactoring things like this it can save some heartache if you keep track of who's got refs to existing commits and branch names, the first step above doesn't abandon anything, but any other repo that has an origin/master ref to your history will see it replaced by this completely new history.  That's not a bad surprise for anybody unless, of course, it is. The second step, giving yourself a mergeback base so people can push patches and stuff, does abandon the existing dev (the original master) tip, also not a problem if you do this as a prepublication ritual so nobody else ever sees the old single-parent version.

A: I would do it like this:
git checkout feature3 # or the revision that says "initial release"
git checkout -b new-master --orphan # new master, orphan, everything will be in index, no parent revisions
git commit -m "Initial release"
# if you like the result
git branch -f master # point master where we are
git checkout master
git branch -d new-master

A: (on master branch):
git checkout -b dev    #create new dev branch at master
git branch -D master   #delete master branch
git checkout --orphan master   #create new orphan master branch and switch to it
git commit             #commit current changes (which should be the "Initial Release")

Now you have a single commit on master, and all the original commits on dev


text:
Bostin Stories
Regenerating Sandwell
Sandwell Aquatics Centre
Congratulations to three Sandwell recipients of the Queen's Award for Voluntary Services
Three fantastic Sandwell voluntary organisations have been awarded the Queen's Award for Voluntary Service (QAVS) for their work supporting our
Super Richie from Smethwick stars in Strictly
From the Black Country to the ballroom, Sandwell has been cheering on local celeb Richie Anderson in this year's BBC
David and Kathryn awarded BEM honours
Congratulations to David and Kathryn 👏👏
❤ Twenty five extraordinary people from across the West Midlands recently received a British Empire Medal (BEM) from the Lord-Lieutenant for the West Midlands, John Crabtree OBE.
We're really proud of BEM recipients David Newall and Kathryn Beale, both who deliver projects in and across Sandwell.
This honour recognises people who go above and beyond to support their communities.
David is a key supporter of Brushstrokes Sandwell, a charity that helps refugees with housing advice, food, clothing and guidance.
Kathryn set up Just Straight Talk in 2012 to help young people to turn their lives around and meet their goals. She manages six projects across Sandwell and Dudley to ensure individuals get access to food, warmth and emergency accommodation as well as other essentials.
Well done to you both!
© 2022 Celebrate Sandwell


What makes an Academy Award winning animated short film? In this compendium of shorts by interfilm Berlin and Shorts.TV, we will see the five nominees of the 91st Academy Award® in the category "Best Animated Short Film" as well as two more animated shorts from the Oscar short list 2019. Especially for our audience the screening will be presented exclusively by Academy-Member Ron Diamond. Oscarrolle (Oscarrolle)Regie Director: / / / 01:15:25 min.


text:
LeBron James becomes part owner of MLB giant Boston Red Sox
By Jill Martin, Aleks Klosok and Ben Morse, CNN
Updated 5:22 PM EDT, Wed March 17, 2021
The NBA's push back on suppression of voting rights
International sport videos 16 videos
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Why high-tech stadiums are 'the new cathedrals'
Hear audio of medical personnel treating Damar Hamlin after he collapsed
US Men's soccer coach being investigated for incident in 1991
Hear from Colts player who visited Hamlin in the hospital
'It silenced an entire stadium': Bills player reacts to Damar Halmin collapse in game
'It's like trying to make a safe cigarette': ESPN host on player safety in the NFL
Video: Buffalo Bills player Damar Hamlin collapses during game
Brazilian fans prepare to say goodbye to legend Pelé
Russian figure skater recreates iconic 'Wednesday' dance during competition
Watch the emotional moment NFL player finds out he's in the Pro Bowl
Fans in Argentina douse reporter while celebrating World Cup win
Watch: Expert answers who the GOAT of soccer is
The incredible true story of the time an astronaut played golf on the moon
LeBron James is becoming a part owner of the baseball giants, the Boston Red Sox.
Fenway Sports Group, which owns the MLB team as well as Liverpool Football Club in the Premier League, has added James as a partner. The deal requires approval from Major League Baseball.
James is already a part owner of reigning Premier League champion Liverpool.
READ: 'I don't know what percentage of those men have essentially had their lives saved by Black women,' says head of NBA players' union
James in a game against the Boston Celtics.
Brian Babineau/NBAE/Getty Images
Speaking to the media following the Los Angeles Lakers' victory over the Minnesota Timberwolves on Tuesday, James said: "First of all, it's great to be with such a great group with FSG. They've done so many great things over the years and just that collective group of people … They're just amazing to be partners with."
James confirmed he and business partner Maverick Carter will become the first two Black men to be a part of the FSG ownership group.
"I think it's pretty damn cool. It gives me and people that look like me, hope and inspiration that they can be in a position like that as well. That it can be done. It gives my kids and my 'I Promise' school more and more inspiration as well.
Visit CNN.com/sport for more news, features, and videos
"It's a great day for myself, for my family, for my school, for my business partner Maverick Carter and everyone that has something to do with our group. It's a pretty amazing thing and for me to be able to continue to build my portfolio off the floor also in a beautiful game like baseball."
James added that this is only the beginning of him investing in teams and that ownership of an NBA team is his ultimate goal.
"My goal is … to own an NBA team. I've got so much to give to the game. I know what it takes to win at this level. I know talent. I also know how to run a business as well. That is my goal … my goal is to own an NBA franchise. It'll be sooner than later."
When reached by CNN, a Red Sox spokesperson said that Fenway Sports Group has no comment.


Most of us start out saving for that great Australian dream - owning our own home (at least in partnership with a lending institution like a bank). The earlier you start to plan your finances, the better it can be in the long run.
If you have a mortgage (or are getting one), you need to review which mortgage solution is most appropriate to you. There is the traditional principal and interest mortgage, then you have lines of credit and interest only loans as well. Once you have a mortgage there are strategies where you can minimise debt at the same time as accumulating investments – tax effectively.
It is a great time to review your superannuation accounts, where is the money invested, do you have more than one fund, what are the fees, what are the investment options, what are the insurance and beneficiary options. Getting any of these wrong can result in an undesirable outcome.
Insurance and Estate Planning are important areas to have structured as early as possible. You should address questions like – if I were to die is my family OK? What if I was sick or disabled? Where would my superannuation go if I dies or was disabled? Where would my other assets go? Is my insurance and estate planning structure tax effectively.
We all like to pay as little tax as we can. This is why it is important to look at the tax outcomes of the different aspects of your financial life. At the end of the day, minimising the tax you pay will result in more money left for debt reduction or for building your investments in or outside superannuation.


text:
RT LTA announces improved capabilities for the popular SkyStarTM aerostat family
Recent improvements minimize drift, and further enhances the aerostat's availability
London. 08 September 2019. RT LTA Systems Ltd. designer, developer and manufacturer of aerostats for use in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and communications applications will present the latest capabilities of the SkyStarTM aerostat family.
RT's Skystar™ family of aerostats includes the SkyStar 110, SkyStar 120, SkyStar 180, and SkyStar 330. The recent improvements on the SkyStar aerostats minimize the drift and drag, which normally occur due to ordinary aerodynamic changes. This will further enhance the aerostat availability.
Ideal for defense, security, border control and HLS missions, the SkyStar aerostat systems are deployed by many forces around the world and have already provided more than two million operational hours. The SkyStar aerostat systems are operational under extreme weather conditions with low operational and maintenance costs, and offering over 85% availability in any given area.
"These enhanced capabilities of the SkyStarTM family have been developed to meet the needs of our customers around the world who require an operational system at any given time," says Rami Shmueli, CEO of RT LTA Systems. "We have recently completed successful field trials of these new capabilities, including testing them under severe weather conditions. SkyStarTM is one of the worlds' most popular aerostats, with more than 100 systems sold and operated worldwide."
Published in DSEi 2019
HLS missions
RT LTA Systems Ltd
SkyStarTM aerostat family
More from DSEi 2019More posts in DSEi 2019 »
Domo Tactical Communications all set to swarm Indian defence market
Indian footprint at DSEi stronger but scattered
Bluefin-12 Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV)
SAMI-Navantia Signs €900 Million Contract With Navantia to Localize 60% of Naval Industries and ToT
Raytheon Anschütz to deliver Warship Integrated Navigation and Bridge Systems for United Kingdom Royal Navy's Type 31e Frigates


text:
Q: Label text is not updating in tableview children in titanium android.but work's in IOS I have tried to update/change the lebel in android using titanium.but the value is not showing on the text .but am getting the updated value in the alert.But the ios is working perfectly.
 var itemcounttext = Ti.UI.createLabel({
 top: 5,
 color: "#000000",
 left:10,
 text:data[i].itemCount,
 width: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 height: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 });
var additem = Ti.UI.createImageView({
image: "/images/plus.jpg",
top: 5,
width: Ti.UI.SIZE,
left:10,
height: Ti.UI.SIZE,
});
adddeleteitemview.add(additem);
additem.addEventListener('click', function(e)
    {
        var item=e.source.getParent();
        squantity = e.source.squantity;
            squantity = Number(squantity) + 1;
            item.children[1].text = squantity;
            alert(item.children[1].getText());

Here am getting the alert with correct updated value.But the it's not showing in the label. Can you give me a idea to resolve this problem in android.
EDIT:
From VRK comment i have tried this also.But it's not working.but am getting the alert correctly.
item.children[1].setText(squantity);

EDIT:
I tried with jsplaine answer.But i can't get the solution. Here i have created the tableview .in this tableview row we are creating the view.in that view i have adidng the additem,itemcounttext values.if we are clicking the additem means need to change the itemcounttext value.This is a flow.
like below screenshot is children view of my app tableview:
productname

remove     itemcount   add
image      text        image

this three image,text,image values are added in one view.That's why am adding the code for getting the parent view while clicking add image:
var item=e.source.getParent();

here am getting the parent.also am wrote the below code for getting the label for this view:
item.children[1].text

If am clicking the add image, am getting the label value is incresed by 1 correctly .am verified with this code alert(item.children[1].getText());.
but the updated value is not showing.This is my exact doubt.
EDIT:
This is my full source code.
 dataArray = [];
 $.ViewCartItemslist_total_value.text = totalamount;
 for( var i=0; i<data.length; i++){

//creating the tableviewrow
 var row = Ti.UI.createTableViewRow({
 layout : 'horizontal',
 top:5,
 width: "100%",
 height: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 });
 row.add(Ti.UI.createImageView({
 image: data[i].image,
 top: 5,
 width: '50',
 height: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 }));
row.add(Ti.UI.createLabel({
text: data[i].name,
 top: 5,
 width: 180,
 font: { fontSize: '10dp' },
 color: '#040404',
 wordWrap: true,
 height: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 ellipsize: true
 }));

//creating the view inside of each every row of tableviewrow
 var adddeleteitemview = Ti.UI.createView({
 width: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 height: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 layout : 'horizontal',
 left:10,
 borderColor:"gray",
 borderRadius:"10"
 });
 var removeitem = Ti.UI.createImageView({
 image: "/images/minus.jpg",
 top: 5,
 left:10,
 width: "15%",
 height: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 });
 adddeleteitemview.add(removeitem);
 var itemcounttext = Ti.UI.createLabel({
 top: 5,
 color: "#000000",
 left:10,
 text:data[i].itemCount,
 textAlign:'center',
 width: "15%",
 height: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 });
 adddeleteitemview.add(itemcounttext);

 var additem = Ti.UI.createImageView({
 image: "/images/plus.jpg",
 top: 5,
 width: "15%",
 left:10,
 squantity : data[i].itemCount,
 spprice :data[i].itemPrice,
 height: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 });
 adddeleteitemview.add(additem);
 additem.addEventListener('click', function(e)
    {
        var item=e.source.getParent();
        spprice = e.source.spprice;
        if(item.children[1].getText() == e.source.squantity){
        squantity = e.source.squantity;
          totalqty = Number(totalqty) + Number(1);
            $.ViewCartItemslist_header_cart.text = totalqty;
            totalamount = Number(totalamount) + Number((spprice));
            squantity = Number(squantity) + 1;
            item.children[1].text = squantity;
           // item.itemcounttext.text = squantity;
          // item.itemcounttext.setText(squantity);
           // item.children[1].setText(squantity);
            alert(item.children[1]+" "+item.children[1].getText());
            $.ViewCartItemslist_total_value.text = totalamount;
            totalprice = Number(spprice) * squantity;
        }
           else {
                squantity = item.children[1].getText();
            totalqty = Number(totalqty) + Number(1);
            $.ViewCartItemslist_header_cart.text = totalqty;
            totalamount = Number(totalamount) + Number((spprice));
            squantity = Number(squantity) + 1;
            item.children[1].text = squantity;
            item.children[1].setText(squantity);
            alert(item.children[1].getText());
            $.ViewCartItemslist_total_value.text = totalamount;
            totalprice = Number(spprice) * squantity;
            }
           });
       row.add(adddeleteitemview);

      dataArray.push(row);
    row.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
    });
    $.ViewCartItemstableView.setData(dataArray);
     }

A: Instead of walking the parent/child tree, just make itemcounttext a property of additem:
var itemcounttext = Ti.UI.createLabel({
 top: 5,
 color: "#000000",
 left:10,
 text:data[i].itemCount,
 width: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 height: Ti.UI.SIZE
});

var additem = Ti.UI.createImageView({
 image: "/images/plus.jpg",
 top: 5,
 width: Ti.UI.SIZE,
 left:10,
 height: Ti.UI.SIZE,
});

additem.countTextLabel = itemcounttext;

adddeleteitemview.add(additem);

additem.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
 var item=e.source;
 var squantity = e.source.squantity;
 squantity = Number(squantity) + 1;
 item.countTextLabel.setText(squantity);
 alert(item.countTextLabel.getText());
});

A: I struggled with this for the better part of an afternoon. Hopefully this helps someone.
In my case I had a tableview with just 1 custom row by design. Clicking the row allowed me to choose a new value (name and description) from a different tableview, and then update the first tableview custom row data with the newly selected values.
For the problematic tableview, I was using setData, but the custom rows are fairly complex so I didn't want to have to rebuild one row of one of these complex rows. Here is what worked for me... I just updated the labels in the data array that are contained in a wrapper view that is contained in the row. This way rather than rebuilding all of the data array from scratch, I was able to modify the array and then just set data again.
                                                                dataStatus[0].children[0].children[0].text = sice.row.name;
dataStatus[0].children[0].children[1].text = sice.row.statusdescription;
tableviewStatus.setData(dataStatus);
I only have 1 row so dataStatus[0] addresses that row. Then the first child is the wrapper view, and I counted my layout and the 1st and 2nd child of the wrapper are the labels I needed to update. Then after I modified the array, I just redid setData. Worked like a champ.
Hope it helps someone.


To foster and promote the exchange of information about the discovery, identification and preservation of antique tools and implements.
To provide an opportunity to swap, buy and sell antique tools.
To get to know our fellow collectors. To visit their collections and to accomplish this in a spirit of fun and fellowship.
The club meets quarterly, primarily in Batavia, N.Y. with occasional meetings at other locations. Meetings vary from guest speakers to demonstrations of methods for long lost trades associated with the building of American industry and the tools that helped to create it.
Copyright© 2005: All rights reserved.


text:
The Parliament of the Republic of the Marshall Islands...
Nitijela Members published May 2015
View the Members
Committees of the Nitijela Whole, Standing and Special
Current Nitijela Legislation and Bills within the Nitijela
View Legislation
Pre-ConCon Committee Updates Cabinet on the Progress of ConCon
Today, Thursday, May 05, 2015 - The Chairman Christopher J. Loeak and the Members of the Pre-Convention (Pre-ConCon) Committee met with the President Hilda Heine and the Members of the Cabinet to give update on the latest development on the holding of the Constitutional Convention.
The Chairman Loeak presented a synopsis of the events that lead up to the holding of the Constitutional Convention some of which are as follows:
July 15, 2016 – Filing of nomination opens.
August 15, 2016 – Closing of Nominations.
October 11, 2016 – Election of Concon Members.
November 11, 2016 – Declaration of members of Concon.
December 11, 2016 - Official Announcement of Delegates.
Convention to be held one month after the holding of the election.
Chairman Loeak also highlighted related issues which include (i) the consideration of 12 Iroij representatives to be held by Concensus of the Iroij dormain, (ii) raise the sitting allowance of Concon members from $75.00 per sitting day to $100, (iii) increase the 30 sitting days for Concon to 60 sitting days, (iv) to allocate $100,000 for Pre-ConCon Committee for expenditure in the preparation for the Concon (v) to increase from 30 to 60 days the time period between the election and the holding of the Concon itself, (vi) to provide in the Act, provision for hiring of government and other agencies employees, leave with pay to assist the work of the Concon.
The time-line is still under consideration depending on the Cabinet on what it sees, whether to have the Concon commence before the Christmas or after Christmas between January and April taking into account the Nitijela sessions.
Chairman Loeak, expressed that the Pre-Concon Committee is steadily committed and engaged to ensure that the Concon is convened, followed by the holding of a referendum.
Any person who is interested in running for the Concon, do take note of the important dates and please do stay-tune for any changes and other events that leads up to the Convention, during the convention, and after the Convention.
Important Public Holidays
Honorable Speaker Kenneth A. Kedi's 39th Constitution Day Message
Marshall Islands Speaker Kedi urges disarmament during visit to Kazakhstan test site
The Nitijela Members Inducted on the Roles, Procedures and development issues
Nitijela Daily
The Republic of the Marshall Islands is an island country near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line.
The population of 68,480 people is spread over 29 coral atolls, with 1,156 islands and islets.


text:
Arlit: The little town in Niger keeping the lights on in France
July 26, 2017 General
From Niamey, the capital of the landlocked West African nation of Niger, we call ahead to a desert town in the remote north of the country. "Journalists? On their way here? It's been a while", we hear down the phone from our contact. "We welcome you with open arms, but only on the pretence that you're visiting to interview migrants on their way to Algeria. If they find out you're poking your nose in their business, it's a lost cause." That same evening, the public bus jolts as it sets off. Destination: the gates of the Sahara.
The stuffy subtropical heat gradually fades into scorching drought and plains of seemingly endless ochre sands. About two days later, we pass through a gateway with "Arlit" written on it in rusty letters.
The town of about 120,000 inhabitants is located in one of the Sahel's most remote regions, not far from the Algerian border. The surrounding area is known to be the operating territory of numerous bandits and armed groups, including Islamist militants. It is like an island in the middle of the desert, an artificial oasis with only one raison d'être: uranium.
Areva in Arlit
For Arlit, 2 February 1968 was a crucial date. Eight years earlier, Niger had gained its independence from France, but now, the former colonial power was deepening its role in the country once again. After years of research, the French government had decided to open its first uranium mine in the area.
Starting production was relatively straightforward. "In the West you need a bookshelf full of permissions and certificates. In Niger, you give someone a spade and two dollars a day, and you're mining uranium", wrotejournalist Danny Forston when he visited the town.
And so it went. The first shovel in the northern sand was accompanied by handshakes and the promise of an honest collaboration between one of the world's least developed countries and its former coloniser. The French swore that Arlit would soon be known as Le Petit Paris.
Since then, approximately 150,000 tonnes of uranium have been extracted by the majority state-owned French company Areva, which is now one of the largest uranium producers in the world. The two mines around Arlit – Somaïr and Cominak – account for around a third of the multi-billion-dollar company's total global production.
France uses this uranium to generate nuclear power, some of which is sold on to other European countries. According to Oxfam, over one-third of all lamps in France light up thanks to uranium from Niger.
However, in contrast to France, Niger has failed to see similar benefits. The West African country has become the world's fourth largest producer of uranium, which contributes tens of millions to the nation's budget each year. Yet it has remained one of the world's poorest and least developed countries, with almost half its 20 million population living below the poverty line. Its annual budget has typically been a fraction of Areva's yearly revenue.
The main reason for this is the deal struck between Areva and Niger. The details have not been made public, but some journalists and activists such as Ali Idrissa, who campaigns for more transparency in the industry, have seen the agreement. Amongst other things, the documents suggest that the original deal generously exempted Areva from customs, export, fuel, materials and revenue taxes.
In 2014, Niger attempted to re-negotiate. As the agreement came up for renewal, the government called for the tax breaks to be removed and for the low royalty rate to be raised from 5.5% to 12-15%. Areva insisted this would make its activities unprofitable and suspended operations for two weeks during negotiations, officially for maintenance reasons.
Eventually a new deal was agreed, but the power dynamic between Areva and Niger had been made clear in the drawn out negotiations.
Apart from criticising the Nigerien government for not spending its uranium revenue where it is most needed – such as in health care, education and agriculture – Idrissa emphasises the bigger geopolitical picture: "Don't forget that Niger isn't just negotiating with a regular company, but with the French state. Their development aid, military and political support means that we cannot ignore our former coloniser. Our dependency from France goes hand in hand with crooked business deals."
Continue reading on African Arguments
By Lucas Destrijcker and Mahadi Diouara
Economy, local communities, Migration, Niger, Reports, Rights and Society


text:
L'indument és el conjunt de pèls o tricomes que recobreixen la superfície dels diferents òrgans de la planta.

La natura dels pèls i la seva abundància en la tija o en altres òrgans de la planta, originen un vocabulari específic que s'utilitza per referir-se a l'indument.
 Glabre: sense pèls.
 Glabrescent: quasi glabre.
 Pubescent: amb pèls curts i suaus.
 Sedós: amb pèls fins i lluents.
 Vellutat: amb pèls curts, atapeïts, fins i lluents, com de vellut.
 Hirsut: amb pèls drets i rígids.
 Híspid: amb pèls drets i poc o molt punxents.
 Tomentós: amb pèls ramificats o entrellaçats molt atapeïts, amb aspecte de borra.
 Glandular: amb pèls glandulars, és a dir els que són constituïts o acabats per una glàndula.

Referències

Morfologia vegetal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Salman Khan's upcoming film 'Bharat' is one of the much-anticipated movies of the running year that the fans are eagerly waiting to see ever since the filmmaker announced the making of this film.
The film shoot is scheduled at different locations including Mumbai, Malta, Delhi, and Punjab. The filmmaker recently released the teaser of the film and the fans can't hold themselves till the release date.
Salman Khan was recently snapped on the sets of 'Bharat'. This picture went viral on the Internet and created a storm of likes and comment from the fans and critics.
In this picture, Salman is sitting on a chair with "Bharat" written on it. Not only, Salman, but the film will also Katrina Kaif, Disha Patani, Sunil Grover, Tabu and Jackie Shroff playing significant roles.


I love candles especially really nice scented candles so I was pleased at being able to try out a new candle by Air Wick, the Essential Pearls candle in Amber Mandarin Glow.
Upon opening, you could smell the spicy orangey mandarin and the candle is like a gel and reminded me of orange jelly. The pearls you can see in the candle are infused with essential oils and as the candle burns down, the fragrances are released into the room. I like to have pretty candles all over the house and scented ones are great with two dogs and a small child creating smells during the day :) It cheers me up to have a candle burning on these dark wintery days and a smell evocative of Yuletide spices wafting around.
The candles are available in other scents too such as Scarlet Frosted Mulberry and have a burning time of up to 35 hours. It's in a cute glass container and looks very nice sat on the side near my fireside sofa where I sit in the evening. The candle retails between £4 and £8 and is available in most supermarkets. I used it all weekend and I've still got plenty left so it's burning fine and evenly. The smell is not too overpowering and you can clearly smell it when you walk back into the room. I thought this was a very nice warming smell for this time of year and made me think of drying oranges in the oven to make Christmas decorations with.
Air Wick provided me with an Essential Pearls candle for the review but it is my own honest opinions and all the words and pictures are my own.


text:
44123 (LMS 4123 & BR 44123)
After being constructed at Crewe in 1925 44123 was initially allocated to Willesden shed where it performed its early work on the numerous loose-coupled goods trains which were worked in and out of London and the surrounding suburbs. In 1928 the engine was moved to Liverpool, based at that city's Sutton Oak and Edge Hill sheds where it stayed until 1937, before returning again to Willesden.
The second stay at Willesden was brief, and 4123 moved again to Toton in October 1938. Its work here consisted of shifting the considerable quantity of freight traffic handled by the yards there, including occasional appearances on the Brent coal traffic.
In the 1940s, 4123 spent time at various LMS sheds, including Westhouses, Tilbury, Coalville and Leicester. In 1950, 4123, but now re-numbered as 44123, moved on to Gloucester (Barnwood) where it was used on both good and occasional passenger workings over the former Midland route between Bristol and Birmingham, as well as on freight over the Sharpness and Nailsworth branches. There are several recorded instances of it straying from this area – for example, in the summer of 1952 it was noted as piloting trains over the famous Somerset & Dorset line between Bath Green Park and Evercreech Junction, while in August 1953 it worked as far as Kettering and back with an excursion from Birmingham New Street.
44123 was resident at Barnwood until April 1964, when it was transferred to the other shed in Gloucester, Horton Road, and from which it worked until its withdrawal from service in June 1965.
Motive power depot allocations.
August 1925 Willesden
January 1927 Sutton Oak
November 1929 Edge Hill
November 1937 Rugby
November 1937 Willesden
October 1938 Toton
April 1940 Westhouses
October 1943 Coalville
November 1947 Leicester Midland
September 1950 Gloucester Barnwood
April 1964 Gloucester (Horton Road)
It was sold to Woodham Brothers in September of that year and languish there for fifteen years until December 1981, gradually rusting, and surrendering components to other locomotives.
In December 1981 the locomotive was purchased by the London Midland Society, and moved to the newly formed Mid-Hants Railway at Ropley where initial restoration was commenced.
In 1986 the London Midland Society left the Mid-Hants Railway, and the various items of rolling stock, including 44123, were moved to the Avon Valley Railway at Bitton, near Bristol, where the locomotive is still based, and where the restoration to working order is proceeding.
The locomotive is undergoing a very thorough restoration as after many years stored in a scrap yard, many components were missing and much of the superstructure is badly corroded and cannot be re-used. The engine has remained largely intact whilst new parts are located or manufactured. By 2015 approximately 75% of the parts needed to rebuild 44123 have been made or sourced, with work presently concentrating on the restoration of the tender. Much work is being carried out, which includes the construction of a new set of frame plates, dragboxes and water tank. Once the tender rebuild is complete, attention will turn to finalising the restoration of the locomotive, and in due course the engine will be dismantled into its component parts for restoration.
The aim is to have the locomotive back in steam in 2025 just 100 years after being built at Crewe.
Avon Valley Railway Being restored The London Midland Society
44123 at Kings Norton – date unknown
44123 in Woodham's scrapyard at Barry – c1972
44123 in Woodhams scrapyard at Barry – August 1974
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Tag Archives: Amber Heard
5/13/14: The Gary and Harrison Show
Amber Heard, Angela Sarafyan, auteur theory, based on a book, cinema, Con Air, corporate intrigue, David Tattersall, Die Another Day, Embeth Davidtz, evil corporations, Film auteurs, film reviews, films, Gary Oldman, Harrison Ford, industrial espionage, Jock Goddard, Josh Holloway, Junkie XL, Kevin Kilner, Killers, Legally Blonde, Liam Hemsworth, Lucas Till, Monster-in-Law, movie, Nicolas Wyatt, paranoia, Richard Dreyfuss, Robert Luketic, spies, Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace, tech-thriller, technology, voice-over narration, Win a Date with Tad Hamilton
Ever gotten the faint idea that you've already heard or seen something even if you're pretty sure you haven't? Similar to deja vu, I'll often get the nagging notion that I've already watched a particular film, even to the point where I'll begin to "remember" scenes. I tend to have a very strange memory: it preserves some things in amber and tosses out quite a bit without hesitation. As such, I frequently find myself asking: have I already seen this before? It happened with John Hillcoat's The Proposition (2005), a film which I ended up watching "for the first time" at least twice, if not three times: it's a great film, don't get me wrong, it just managed to pass unimpeded through the sieve of my mind on multiple occasions. As I watched Robert Luketic's most recent film, Paranoia (2013), I couldn't shake the feeling that I'd already seen this before. Turns out I hadn't but I had, in a way: I'd never seen this particular iteration of the formula before but I've seen plenty of soulless, created-by-committee, commercial product in my time. If there's one thing that can be said about Paranoia, it's that it features Harrison Ford…and he seems mostly awake, for a change.
Stop me if you've heard this before: a young, principled and ambitious go-getter gets tangled in the messy webs of corporate intrigue, leading him/her further down the rabbit hole as temptation, double-crosses and ulterior motives begin to fly fast and furious. Yeah, me too. It's almost a tale as old as time…or at least as old as stories about the avarice and evil of the corporate world. Handsome, principled and ambitious young go-getter Adam (Liam Hemsworth) works at Wyatt Corp., doing the kind of vague tech stuff that everyone in tech-related films seem to do. He runs afoul of head ogre, Nicolas Wyatt (Gary Oldman, shoveling scenery down his gullet as fast as it'll go) when he can't come with a cool, innovative new idea: "You have everything at your disposal and come up with social networking on a TV?" Be nice, Wyatt: the filmmakers had quite a bit at their disposal, too and yet: here we are.
Adam and his "quirky" friends, Kevin (Lucas Til) and Allison (Angela Sarafyan) get canned but Adam's still got the company credit card: who wants to par-tay? $16K (and one drunken hook-up with a mysterious blonde, played by Amber Heard) later and Adam's up shit-creek with Wyatt. Good ol' Nicolas, of course, has something up his sleeve: he's Gary Oldman, after all, and that dude is just untrustworthy. He wants Adam to infiltrate the tech company, Eikon, run by his former partner, and current bitter rival, Jock Goddard (Harrison Ford). Adam is to insinuate himself in the group and steal the plans for Goddard's newest "genius" invention, some sort of a spiffy new iPhone. When Adam balks, because he's got principles and stuff, Wyatt reminds him of his position: "Are you a horse or a dog, Adam? Horses are motivated by fear, dogs by hunger." Since Adam needs to pay $40K in medical bills for his ailing father (an utterly, absolutely, completely wasted Richard Dreyfuss), he doesn't have a lot of choices: Cue up "Who Let the Dogs Out," cuz Adam's on the payroll.
After meeting with Goddard's hiring agent, Tom Lungren (Kevin Kilner), Adam also gets to meet his assistant: if you guessed Amber Heard, reward yourself by tagging out of the film. His former bed-partner, Emma, is super suspicious of Adam but, then again, the film is called Paranoia…whatcha gonna do? Adam gets a job and ends up wowing Goddard with his ability to take other people's ideas and repackage them: he's the perfect corporate guy! As Adam gets deeper and deeper under cover, things begin to get more dangerous: Wyatt's sinister right-hand man, Miles (Julian McMahon), is always lurking in the shadows, Goddard seems to be on to something and Emma is falling hard for Adam (who wouldn't? Guy's got abs for miles.). When FBI agent Gamble (Josh Holloway) enters the picture and lets Adam know that the feds have Wyatt in their cross-hairs and need Adam's help to snare him, what's a young, principled and ambitious go-getter to do? Many double-crosses and needlessly complex back-and-forth later, we find out.
Folks, unless this is one of the first films you've ever seen (which is entirely possible, what do I know?), there is absolutely, positively nothing here that you haven't seen before, probably in much more interesting ways. The story is moldy and features so many gaping holes that I'm guessing they were on purpose: if you thought the "heroic" T-rex in Jurassic Park was a deus ex machina, wait until you get to the part in Paranoia where the whole success of Adam's plan hinges on the fact that his cellphone won't be fried after getting dunked in a pitcher of water. There's no reason it should keep working but it has to, to further the plot, and so it does. The final doublecross is equally ludicrous, requiring so much suspension of disbelief that we're pretty much in Space Jam land: I believed everything Bugs did in that movie way more than I believe anything that these idiots do in this film.
The acting is what it is: Hemsworth is handsome and bland; Oldman is both ridiculously over-the-top and strangely deflated, as if he were coming down from a week-long crack bender; Ford, as mentioned earlier, actually seems awake and aware, for a change. I'm not saying that anything in his performance will make people forget his iconic roles (or even forget the fact that, nowadays, he seems higher than Doug Benson whenever he makes public appearances) but he definitely seems aware and there's a tiny (a minuscule, smaller-than-a-pinprick) bit of his old chutzpah here. Watching Paranoia strictly for Ford's performance would be a fool's errand, of course, but he's definitely not the worst thing in the film.
Director Luketic is something of a middle-of-the-road, paint-by-numbers auteur, since he was also responsible for Legally Blonde (2001), Win a Date with Tad Hamilton (2004), Monster-in-Law (2005), 21 (2008), The Ugly Truth (2009) and Killers (2010). The one common thread in Luketic's canon is his polished, bland style, so airbrushed that everything looks like it was poured from a mold. Veteran cinematographer David Tattersall handles the camera for this one: his previous films included the Star Wars prequels, Con Air (1997), Die Another Day (2002), XXX: State of the Union (2005) and Speed Racer (2008). Tattersall specializes in big, glossy productions and Paranoia is no exception, albeit a much shallower one than even State of the Union. Paranoia is technically proficient, sure, but it's also hollow.
Basically, you have a director and cinematographer that specialize in big, empty images; a cast that phones the whole thing in; copious slo-mo and pounding techno music (courtesy of Junkie XL) to show how badass the whole thing is; a vague, unsatisfying message about bringing down "the man" while lining your own pockets; and enough dumb coincidence to drive any other film into the ground. Even as a time-waster on a lazy Sunday afternoon, Paranoia comes up short. I can almost guarantee that this isn't the worst film you'll see this year: it can't even make that commitment. Instead, Paranoia is just another lazy example of how truly artless modern action films can be. There's nothing here to offend but there's also not much to remember, either.
1/19/14: The Waiting is the Hardest Part
alcoholism, All the Boys Love Mandy Lane, Amber Heard, anticipation, auteur theory, Cabin in the Woods, Chinese Democracy, cinema, documentaries, documentary, Film, Film auteurs, Happy People: A Year in the Taiga, high school angst, horror films, hunters, isolation, Jonathan Levine, long-delayed films, man vs. nature, Movies, Siberia, slasher films, trappers, Trick 'r Treat, Werner Herzog
Since this past weekend was a long one, I intended to cram as many films into Sunday and Monday as possible. I didn't break any personal records but I did manage to pack four pretty disparate films into each day. As such, I've decided to split up the days and give each entry a little room to breath. This blog post will deal with the first two films from Sunday, All the Boys Love Mandy Lane and Happy People: A Year in the Taiga. We'll deal with the final two next time.
It's often been said that you don't really appreciate something until you have to wait for it. The anticipation leading up to that moment can, oftentimes, be even greater than whatever enjoyment you might have garnered from whatever it is you're waiting for. What happens, however, when the wait stretches to ludicrous proportions? If you're a music fan, you might get Chinese Democracy. If you're a film fan, you might get Trick 'r Treat. Or, conversely, you might get All the Boys Love Mandy.
Let me be clear: there's absolutely nothing wrong with director Jonathan Levine's long-delayed homage to classic slasher films. The film does an excellent job of establishing a retro tone and look, even though there are enough modern touches (iPhones, most notably) to remind us that this is still taking place in the here and now. The violence is brutal and unrelenting, hearkening back to the yesteryear of practical effects and noisy stabbings. One kill in particular, a nasty bit involving a knife across the eyes reminded me directly of early Friday the 13th films.
The acting is, across the board, pretty strong: I normally don't feel any connection to the disposable teens in slasher films, but I connected with a few of these yahoos nonetheless. Even when they were exhibiting boorish, crude behavior, there was still a basic humanity to all of them that made the kills sting a little, regardless of the bro-ish nature of the victims. I thought Amber Heard was good in the title role but certainly not the embodiment of Helen of Troy that the story posits. She was cute, don't get me wrong, but I found it rather hard to believe that every male in the universe would be drawn to her like a moth to flame.
I must also praise the film's sound design and soundtrack, elements which really added to the tone. I particularly liked the use of a cover of America's "Sister Golden Hair," perfectly cued as Mandy and her friends enjoy a last bit of youthful abandon before (presumably) the carnage begins: it's a folky, wispy cover that is not only quite pretty but also fits the scene like a glove. Equally notable is the Bobby Vinton version of "Sealed with a Kiss" that closes the film: to be honest, the entire climax is extremely well done and pretty great, even if the "twist" is nothing special.
With all of these things to recommend it, then, what's my hesitation with shouting my love of Mandy Lane from the rooftops? Well, essentially, there's that whole thing about anticipation. You see, All the Boys Love Mandy Lane was made in 2006 but not released in North America until 2013 (the film received a limited UK release in 2008, however). It received good press at film festivals around the time of its completion, leading me to add the film to my "Must See" list at the time. As the years ground on, however, I actually forgot about the movie. Director Jonathan Levine went on to decent success with the Joseph Gordon Levitt cancer film 50/50 and, more recently, the zombie romance Warm Bodies which, I'm sure, helped to finally push All the Boys Love Mandy Lane into the public eye.
Is the film honestly worth a seven-year wait, however? Absolutely not. It's a good film, sometimes a very good film but it doesn't reinvent the wheel (or the genre, for that matter) or bring anything new to the table aside from the very nice cinematography and production designs. This was Levine's debut feature but ended up being his fourth film to see release…yikes. As a comparison, Joss Weadon's Cabin in the Woods and Michael Dougherty's Trick 'r Treat also experienced unduly lengthy release delays. They also, however, were incredibly crafted, highly-meta film experiences that justified every second of their ridiculous delays. All the Boys Love Mandy Lane is just a really good film that probably would have looked even better in 2006.
How in the hell can you not absolutely love Werner Herzog? I mean, really: if this guy isn't the living embodiment of The Most Interesting Man in the World, who is? He's been responsible for some of the most amazing, confounding art films in history (Aguirre, the Wrath of God; Fitzcarrldo; Only Dwarfs Start Small), some of the most batshit crazy Klaus Kinski moments in a career filled to bursting with batshit (the aforementioned Aguirre; Nosferatu the Vampyre; Cobra Verde), made a handful of amazing documentaries, including one about a guy who gets devoured by a grizzly bear and even directed a sequel to Abel Ferrara's sleazy Bad Lieutenant starring the one and only Nicholas "Intensity" Cage. Is there anything Herzog can't do?
For Happy People: A Year in the Taiga, Herzog serves as co-director and narrative, meaning we get the unmitigated pleasure of listening to Herzog expound on anything and everything around him. Believe me when I say that there are few joys as pure and absolute as listening to Herzog detail the necessary procedures to keep food safe from bears…this, by itself, deserves an Oscar.
As the title indicates, Happy People chronicles an entire year in the lives of a group of Russian hunter/trappers living in the Taiga region of Siberia. Completely inhospitable to the average person, the Taiga is only accessible by helicopter or boat and boats can only dock for a few months in the Summer. As such, this is pretty much one of the toughest places on earth, the kind of location that Jack London would head to for some rest and relaxation. The weather is cold, the terrain is formidable, food is scarce and clouds of mosquitoes fill the air. The hunters spend pretty much the entire year either preparing for the Winter hunt or actually hunting, only seeing their families for a few days at a time every couple of seasons. By all definitions, this is a brutally hard life.
Yet, the film is called Happy People. And, according to what we see (and Herzog tells us), these are happy people, indeed. They're happy because when they finally leave the (relative) comforts of home and head into the wild to live off the land, they are truly free from the constraints of society. There are no taxes, no governments, no politicians or silly societal rituals to observe. There is only the hunter and his dogs, using their instincts, wits and training to survive and their personal ideals to guide them.
Admittedly, the revelation for the purpose of Herzog's documentary is rather Zen but it perfectly fits his career-long themes. Herzog has always been an expert at documenting the lengths that man will go to isolate himself from the outside world and the ways in which the world will continue to make itself know. In Happy People, the outside world intrudes in a number of ways, most notably with the politician who visits the remote village to stump for his campaign (only the children pay attention and it's doubtful that they're allowed to vote) and the greedy hunters who earn the scorn of the other trappers by hunting and trapping in off seasons, depleting the stole population and putting everyone's livelihood in jeopardy. Herzog also, for a brief time, turns his cameras on the Ket people, local natives who have fallen into alcoholism and can only collect firewood and perform other menial tasks to earn their pittance for survival. The point is pretty clear: when the outside world intrudes, humanity is crushed, whether spiritually, economically or politically.
As a film, Happy People is extraordinarily well-crafted. The footage is absolutely gorgeous, particularly the stunning and unforgettable Winter footage. There's plenty of genuine pathos in the film, especially with regards to the relationship between the hunters and their dogs. One story, about a dog sacrificing itself to save its master from a bear, would make the hardest heart crack. The scene where one of the trappers returns to the village via snowmobile while his dog runs beside him, nonstop throughout the day and night, is, quite simply, one of the most magnificent moments ever laid to film. The visual grandeur of the moment is dwarfed by the impossible power of what's happening: a dog so attuned to its master that it will run for a hundred miles without stopping.
Ultimately, Happy People offers one of the best, most valuable lessons any of us could ever take away from a film: To get through life, you need to grit your teeth and push on, no matter what stands before you. When you come home from a long, hard day of hunting and discover that your cabin has been completely crushed by a fallen tree, sometimes, you just have to grin and repair it. This sounds like a lesson we could all stand to learn.


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Romantic Island () is a 2008 South Korean romantic comedy film set in Boracay, Philippines.

Plot

Six Koreans from Seoul travel separately to the Philippines: a middle-aged couple on their first trip overseas with the terminally ill husband plotting to kill himself while on holiday so his unsuspecting wife can claim an insurance payment; a convenience store clerk who meets a runaway pop star; and a happy-go-lucky office worker who gets hired as a tour guide by a rich businessman who came to pay his respects to his estranged dead father.

Cast
Lee Sun-kyun - Kang Jae-hyuk
Lee Soo-kyung - Choi Soo-jin
Lee Min-ki - Jung-hwan
Eugene - Yoo Ga-young
Lee Moon-sik - Joong-sik
Lee Il-hwa - Yoon-suk
Lee Hyun-sook - Soo-jin's mom
Ki Eun-se - Yoo Hye-ra
Song Min-ji - Kim Hyun-joo
Jin Seo-yeon - Sandra
Choi Dae-sung - manager
Kim Jong-soo - mover
Choi Jin-ho - interviewer

References

External links
 Romantic Island at www.romantic2008.kr

2008 films
Films set in the Philippines
South Korean romantic comedy films
2008 romantic comedy films
Films shot in the Philippines
2000s South Korean films


NZs prettiest cave: Imagine a huge underground chamber 100m long and 40m high - just bristling with stalactites; stalagmites; flowstone and all manner of wonderful natural creations.
You gain access down a 40m shaft in two abseils. Once down the group makes its way along connecting passages until suddenly you've arrived. The main chamber is fabulous and the best part is yet to come.
Clip onto a flying fox (zip line) that will zing you part way across the chamber. After that, it's walking and clambering past even more unusual formations until reaching the exit stair. Pop out a round door right in the side of a hill and back into sunlight. Waitomo Adventures Ltd is Waitomo's leading independent adventure operator, remains family owned.


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Q: Alpha applied to floating action button creates weird circle? In my app I am using a material design floating action button. Whenever I change the backgroundTintColor property of the button to something with an alpha below 255, it creates this strange circle within the button. I have provided a picture of the button below with my xml code... Any help would be greatly appreciated.

    <FrameLayout
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_gravity="bottom|right|end"
    android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
    android:layout_alignParentRight="true">

    <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
        android:id="@+id/fab"
        android:layout_width="55dp"
        android:layout_height="55dp"
        android:clickable="true"
        android:layout_margin="12dp"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_play"
        app:backgroundTint="#64a9a9a9"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        />

</FrameLayout>

A: Its most likely because background is used to create shadow or elevation and src to show the main content of fab but you are changing it take a look at this source code of fab https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/support/+/master/design/src/android/support/design/widget/FloatingActionButton.java?autodive=0%2F%2F


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Sports Portal
From Rackets
To Riffs
Tonbridge School aims to provide an unsurpassed education of excellence, which includes a vibrant programme of co-curricular breadth and depth.
More than 20 sports are on offer throughout the school year, with superb indoor and outdoor facilities. Boys of all abilities are encouraged to take part and we offer as wide a choice as possible, with an emphasis on providing opportunities for all students to compete regardless of ability level. Tonbridge manages to do 'sporting excellence' and 'mass participation' equally well.
Productions, rehearsals and drama workshops take place at the school's own EM Forster Theatre. There is a strong tradition of musical excellence, with regular performances and concerts.
The school offers a wide range of activities through clubs and societies, musical and dramatic groups and the popular Combined Cadet Force. There are more than 20 societies, including Junior Science, Beekeeping, Rocketry, Debating, Principia, Mahjong, Robotics and Conservation – the latter includes coppicing and looking after pigs!
Bridge The Gap was started by boys at the school and is about diversity. Creative Writing is thriving and sees regular trips to the Arvon Foundation.
Wide participation in co-curricular activities is encouraged at both house and school levels. Through their various pursuits boys also develop self-reliance and leadership skills, and a strong sense of social responsibility.
From Highlights to Headlines
The latest round-up of Tonbridge School news, events and achievements: Autumn 2021 edition.
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