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Microsoft Azure API Management
Microsoft Azure API Management Reviews
Microsoft Azure API Management OverviewUNIXBusinessApplication
Microsoft Azure API Management is #2 ranked solution in top API Management tools. PeerSpot users give Microsoft Azure API Management an average rating of 8 out of 10. Microsoft Azure API Management is most commonly compared to Apigee: Microsoft Azure API Management vs Apigee. Microsoft Azure API Management is popular among the large enterprise segment, accounting for 70% of users researching this solution on PeerSpot. The top industry researching this solution are professionals from a computer software company, accounting for 29% of all views.
What is Microsoft Azure API Management?
Microsoft Azure API Management ensures an organization's API program reaches its fullest potential. With API management, organizations can publish web services as APIs reliably, securely and at scale. Use API Management to drive API consumption among internal teams, partners, and developers while benefiting from business and operational insights available in the admin portal.
Microsoft Azure API Management was previously known as Azure API Management, MS Azure API Management.
Microsoft Azure API Management Buyer's Guide
Download the Microsoft Azure API Management Buyer's Guide including reviews and more. Updated: January 2022
Microsoft Azure API Management Customers
adnymics GmbH, LG CNS, Centrebet, netfabb GmbH, MedPlast, Accelera Solutions, Sochi Organizing Committee, realzeit GmbH, Opensistemas
Microsoft Azure API Management Video
Microsoft Azure API Management Pricing Advice
What users are saying about Microsoft Azure API Management pricing:
"It's being paid monthly."
"Since this is a cloud-based solution you have to abide by those financial limits, this creates some different challenges compared to other solutions."
Mulesoft Anypoint API Manager
Axway AMPLIFY API Management
TIBCO Mashery API Management
IBM DataPower Gateway
IBM API Connect
Amazon API Gateway
Srinivas Kode
Vice President - Competency and Channels at Techwave.
Easy to use API management with a platform that allows customers to register themselves
"The most valuable features are the ease of use and it is a platform that has self-enablement for the customers to be able to register themselves."
"The user interface needs improvement."
It's more of a subscription driven consumption based model, where the APIs are developed to connect backend ERP systems such as SAP and deployed into a library for consumption by both internal and external consumers. The APIs are exposed to the consumers that get onto the API gateway and identify the needed API from the library, use the instructions to subscribe, quickly test and connect to the backend SAP to get the expected information/transaction processed. Prior to this solution there was an age old EDI interface solution. This is enabling the customers to be more flexible with their integration architecture and be more agile as it reduces the IT integration dependency and provides a better user experience.
This is part of Techwave application modernization strategy to bring solutions that can bring agility and flexibility to customers and be able to decouple business with huge IT dependent solutions. This is helping us to help our customers migrate away from the age old EDI technology to the latest API and microservices based architectures.
It is enabling two things. First it is helping our customers get on the path of application modernization and be on the digital journey. Secondly, it is enabling them to provide a better customer experience and adoption with their end consumers.
The consumers have easy access to information than before (when it was EDI based processing). Consumers had to reach to their IT for any new changes and integrate and/or had to download/email/phone to access/process the transaction with their customers. Now it can be well integrated into their portal applications and/or integrated directly into their applications through API management, which makes them more digitally connected and better user experience.
The most valuable features are the ease of use and the self-enablement through subscriptions for our consumers. Consumers can get into the API gateway library and register to an API from the catalog directly.
Once the API is developed and added to the library with the registration documentation, it becomes pretty easy for consumers to access and understand the benefits and use of the API.
The library acts as the central repository of all our APIs and use and access is pretty intuitive.
It's very easy to learn for a person not familiar with API.
Nothing in specific but there is always some improvements that can be made to user interface to enhance and improve the UX experience.
As Microsoft adds more an more services to the stack will help and enable to ease the API platform integration with other ERPs and various platforms for us. There are more APIs coming out with lot more enhanced services that include IOT connected device integrations. Any help in understanding available API protocols and edge protocols easier will help us building our solutions faster. We do see different services are being added day by day.
We are not using all of services at this point, but we are leveraging few at a time and building our solutions. This is part of the evolutionary and exploratory based journey to transform the ecosystem of the customer to a digitally connected growth organization.
I have been using this solution on a particular engagement for close to a year now. However, we at Techwave have been using API manager in other areas as well for some time.
As it is a SaaS model, we always end up having the latest version in use.
The stability is great, as mentioned earlier it is backed by Microsoft Azure platform and that brings good stability as it is and being the cloud solution we do not have to worry about scaling either.
Monitoring of the usage and understanding the throughput is much easier with these API platforms than with the older EDI transaction based backend operational monitoring. The visualization reports on consumption is very easy and the analytics driven from these visualization can be used in your ROI discussions and management decision process, if needed.
This is a scalable solution and my impression is positive. Consumption is increasing. The scalability doesn't seem to be a challenge because it's a cloud-based solution. Scaling the bandwidth or the capacity is not going to be a challenge.
Our customers are using this solution and I can't disclose the number of users, but we have good usage.
We provide technical support and haven't gotten to a point where we couldn't solve an issue.
We have not contacted the Microsoft technical support yet. I am sure that they would be good but we can't comment in that area as we have not been in that situation.
In this particular customer, they were using EDI-based transaction processing. We have been able to transform them into the API journey.
EDI technology is of the past and API is the modern technology that has been leading in the digital transformation, enabling them to have consumption across various platforms. Whether it's a cloud, on-premises, or an applied solution.
Because we are trying to move away from the EDI, the initial setup wasn't that complex. The interfaces were already there in the EDI. This engagement is more to transform existing EDI-based approach to an API-based one. The business logic, more or less, is there. This initiative is more to help us decouple technical stack from the business process.
The API manager is managing the business interactions, whether it is the consumer onboarding or the customer decoupling them from the IT based EDI processing.
The EDI would require that the customer technology team and the company technology team communicate and work together to integrate the interface. Whereas here you don't need to worry about it. It's simple as a business consumer signing up for an API, and all they need is a link to click and get the URL into their space and then they are done.
It's an easier way to integrate their API. If you want to make it into a more robust application, that's a different process, but consumption-wise it's easier.
For those who do not want to integrate it into their applications, we have been giving them an application that they could just install from an App Store on their portal. This application will then expose the APIs available for use. All they need to do is subscribe and get going.
Implementation was pretty simple in this particular engagement. We had a vision of how the API is going to be consumed and how many were needed. We paced ourselves in an agile model with a simplified storyboard and a proper velocity mapping of the activity.
It took anywhere from three to four weeks for each API to get them ready and we took it at our pace. We had released approximately ten API's in less than six months.
We had a six-member team for deployment, including the BA and project management. In the post-deployment, we only need three people to maintain.
We implemented this solution for our customer as an implementation partner.
We have not yet measured the ROI on this engagement yet.
It's being paid monthly. It is comparable and falls in the mid range in the competitive landscape.
We have evaluated WSO2, APIGEE, MuleSoft with API Manager
API and microservices based architectures is the modern architecture to enable organizations for digital growth. With that said Microsoft Azure is definitely is in the top quadrant in this space and are investing to grow this service portfolio by leaps and bounds every day.
Based on our customer ecosystem and the predominant technology stack in use, the decision with Microsoft platform aligns well with their transformation roadmap. There is going to be some level of Microsoft cloud solutions in play.
Each customer has to conduct an assessment on the need for a platform based on the technical debt they are carrying along with people and process. They need to take a look at the existing ecosystem, software technology stack, current ERP, and the applications that need to be integrated into API based platforms.
I would suggest Azure API Manager should be in your selection process.
Enterprise Infrastructure Architecture at a tech services company with 1,001-5,000 employees
Allows use of VPN technology but could do with clearer configuration
"Allows the possibility of VPN technology to connect your gateway directly with on-prem services"
"Could use clearer configuration when it comes to API policies."
Our primary use case is for managing internal APIs, for ordering process APIs and in general process APIs, and resource manipulation APIs. We need an API management to get a better overview, and this is one use case with analytics parts. Another use case is security, being able to rotate API keys and to manage access at a signature point. Finally, we also have the developer portals with the self-service capabilities so that developers can request access to APIs through a developer portal and manage their own keys.
We are still in the ramp-up phase, so currently we have actively two or three guys using it. We're planning to increase usage. We're in partnership with Microsoft and I'm an enterprise architect.
It's not the best product on the market which makes it difficult to pick a particular point that we like the best. It could be the integration in the Azure portal. In the Azure cloud it's directly connected with Azure ID, so if you stay in the Azure ecosystem, this user concept is an advantage. The solution also allows you the possibility to use VPN technology and things like that to connect your gateway directly with on-prem services and that's a valuable feature. And compared to other solutions the price is outstanding.
R&P, the publishing process could be improved. They are currently restructuring it, I believe.
I'm not technical but we noticed that the old developer portal got deprecated and they're introducing a new one. It's not polished and still requires some development. It's the same with the publisher portal which I believe they've now integrated into the Azure portal. They're just starting to work with hybrids so it still requires input.
It would be helpful if they were to include additional features and clearer configuration when it comes to API policies.
I've been using this solution for seven months.
The SaaS offering is stable but the hybrid isn't stable yet. It's under development.
By definition it's scalable, but I know there's a hard limit in requests per second. But this is officially documented in the price of the product so it is scalable but with limits. I believe for a scalable solution, probably KANN Enterprise would be best.
For beta, customer service was kind of difficult. But I think that we haven't gone further than the first level. It's a process, they first have to narrow down your requirements, it's not direct access to support with direct feedback. It will take time.
This is the first solution we evaluated and we chose it mainly in order to gain experience which is why we called it an experience project rather than a proof of concept project. We figured out that for our productive usage, we will select a different vendor.
I believe the initial set up is straightforward via the Azure portal. But setting up the policies for the APIs and all of that, I can't say. I've had feedback from a colleague working with it that at some point he wished things would be easier but I don't have first hand experience.
As mentioned, this is the only option we looked at. We chose Azure because it's easy to deploy and it's cheap. It's a good starting point and if they develop it further, it might be good for productive usage, especially if you are planning to use it as an API management platform for the services that are running in Azure. I think then there's no question.
I would rate this product a six out of 10.
Free Report: Microsoft Azure API Management Reviews and More
Learn what your peers think about Microsoft Azure API Management. Get advice and tips from experienced pros sharing their opinions. Updated: January 2022.
Oleksandr Gaysin
Senior Manager, Engineering at GlobalLogic
Good user management with excellent configuration capabilities and decent stability
"The user management is pretty seamless."
"Technical support could be more flexible and try to meet the client's needs a bit more effectively."
The solution has pretty stable capabilities.
Their construction tool allows users to easily publish information about the API. It's basically just one click.
You can configure the subscription management onsite and link everything.
The developer portal that exposed the API documentation is great. You can just test the APIs in a very easy way.
The web portal is useful. You can build a pretty comprehensive portal where users can sign in and you can basically leave the API there.
The API management provided offers good integration with different management systems, like OpenID, for example.
The user management is pretty seamless.
Pricing is definitely an aspect that can be improved. They should offer an additional free tier. For example, if there was a tier for new accounts created, it may help their services by getting people onboarded. Once you will give access to someone and they try it they'll see, "Okay, it works and you can pretty quickly add something on top of it". After that, the client will end up staying, and probably paying.
The cost is also complex in terms of calculating how much everything will ultimately be priced at. It's not straightforward as it takes into account multiple factors.
Technical support could be more flexible and try to meet the client's needs a bit more effectively.
The solution needs to provide more use cases so that we can refer them to clients. It will help answer any questions in relation to performance and load management.
I've been using the solution for about a year at this point.
There are some bugs that exist in this construction tool for the developer portal. We are submitting these bugs to Azure, so they already know about it. Overall, it's pretty stable.
In terms of Azure technical support, we've had no issues in regards to response times. They are prompt. However, in some particular cases, they unable to be flexible. For example, with MQTT blockers, while you might want another port, they might tell you to use the hosted solution in order to get them to configure it. We'd just like them to have more flexibility with requests like this.
In terms of corporate security nowadays, it's very important to be flexible. At the end of the day we get stuck in the bureaucracy. If they could practice flexibility, it would be better for their clients, who may not have the wiggle room on their end.
That said, we're mostly satisfied with their level of service.
The solution has a kind of calculator and it's not always straightforward to figure out the logic in pricing. There are lots of services that are managed in different ways. For a non-technical person, it's a nightmare to figure everything out.
At the end of the day, you have to build approximate pricing for the solution. According to my experiences in multiple projects, you do get preliminary pricing that is close to or the same as the estimate.
Right now, for a particular client, we're using a managed version of the solution, however, in the future, I foresee us hosting it somewhere in the cloud.
We're using the most up to date version of the solution.
Overall, the solution has a lot of great features. There are a few bugs here and there, however, a the end of the day, there's lots of value provided.
I'd rate the solution at an eight, on a scale from one to ten. It's got a rather high cost and still has some areas that need some improvement. Otherwise, I'd rate it higher.
Group Manager, Solution & Technical Architect at a tech services company with 10,001+ employees
Easy to configure, simple to use, but might not be suited for all sized companies
"I have found this solution to be easy to configure, simple to use, and flexible."
"If I compare this solution to others I have used in other phases of my life, having APIM being an Azure resource, it is easy to configure and deploy. However, this conversely reduced the flexibility. The difficulty is how do we configure it in a manner that a larger enterprise would probably want it to be. This creates a bit more complexity, working around the constraints of the resource itself. If comparing it to other solutions, it is more of a legacy design with an older approach. The various level components are still around resembling an on-premise type of design similar to other solutions, such as Apigee or Mulesoft. They are still predominantly carrying some legacy design. Which might be suited for organizations where they have a more complex network layout. APIM is easy to deploy, but on the other side of that, it is constrained to how Azure has designed it to be."
We use this solution because when there is a technical requirement sometimes there are technical constraints that need to be overcome, and that is best resolved through the API component. My organization predominately uses Microsoft solutions and this is why we are using this particular solution.
I have found this solution to be easy to configure, simple to use, and flexible.
If I compare this solution to others I have used in other phases of my life, having APIM being an Azure resource, it is easy to configure and deploy. However, this conversely reduced the flexibility. The difficulty is how do we configure it in a manner that a larger enterprise would probably want it to be. This creates a bit more complexity, working around the constraints of the resource itself. If comparing it to other solutions, it is more of a legacy design with an older approach. The various level components are still around resembling an on-premise type of design similar to other solutions, such as Apigee or Mulesoft. They are still predominantly carrying some legacy design. Which might be suited for organizations where they have a more complex network layout. APIM is easy to deploy, but on the other side of that, it is constrained to how Azure has designed it to be.
In an upcoming release, if not already added through an update, I think dynamic provisioning of the resource would be useful. Many times these API platforms, including others, such as Apigee, are still predominantly revolving around developers. The onboarding and the API life cycle are still revolving around humans. In this context, I would not suggest DevOps, but at least automation of common pipelines. If the platform can better support this in the workflow to provision and commission an API that would be beneficial as we work towards a more automated deployment concept. Even though there are templates, graphics, and API management commands right now, you are still in a way programmed deeply, customizing that workflow, as opposed to it being part of the platform itself.
I have been using Azure solutions for approximately four years.
The solution is stable.
The solution is scalable because it is a cloud service offering.
I have previously used Apigee and Mulesoft.
Since this is a cloud-based solution you have to abide by those financial limits, this creates some different challenges compared to other solutions.
My advice to those wanting to implement this solution is in all technology areas, each solution is use case-specific. If you are already working on the pure Azure Stack, then APIM is something that I would suggest. Unless you have a very complicated API development use case I would not try to deploy, for example, Mulesoft or Apigee on Azure. Assuming you are working on a full Azure Stack solution.
Since it is use case-specific, rather than trying to build out. I would rather use the other repertoire of Azure to do the API development, as opposed to trying to deploy other solutions under the platform and develop from there.
My philosophy is always, use what is available, rather than trying to reinvent the wheel. Mulesoft may be powerful, but it is putting the cart on top of the wheel and try to build something on the cart. It is not a native approach.
I rate Microsoft Azure API Management a seven out of ten.
Last updated: Jun 3, 2021
Anurag-Bhatnagar
Principal Consultant at a tech services company with 10,001+ employees
User-friendly, easy to use, and the developer portal is very helpful
"The most valuable feature is the developer portal, which has source code examples in various programming languages to help developers learn the API."
"This solution is only available as a cloud-based deployment and it would be very helpful to have an on-premises version."
We are publishing microservices using API management. We have created various packages and policies that we are applying over there. We have also created a portal for developers so that they can see what we are doing.
The most valuable feature is the developer portal, which has source code examples in various programming languages to help developers learn the API.
It is possible to combine APIs and make a new product, which is a very good feature.
It is very user-friendly and easy to use.
This solution is only available as a cloud-based deployment and it would be very helpful to have an on-premises version. This is driven by the fact that some of our clients have specific requirements and they do not want to be on the cloud.
I would like to have an administrator's option that shows me API usage and can generate bills that I can send to my customers. Currently, our customers can see the usage but not how much it is going to cost. For example, assume that you get 100 calls for free and then 100 more free each month, but after than, each call costs twenty cents or one cent, whatever the price is. The administrator can generate reports when the bills are available and can charge them to the customer. This could be done with a monetization module, which would be better than the manual calculations that we have to do now.
I have been using Azure API Management for almost one year.
I think that this is a stable solution.
Microsoft handles the scalability so you don't need to worry about it.
Microsoft's technical support is okay. On a scale from one to ten, I would rate them an eight.
Your first response will be fast but after that, it will be slow. Then, the technician might just say that they are not the right contact. From opening the ticket until final closure will take time. Generally, it takes the experts some time to comment. Unfortunately, everywhere is like that.
We did not use another API management solution prior to this one. We were developing applications and then moved into APIs.
The initial setup is very simple. Within a few days, one can understand completely how to use it. It does not require deployment because it is available on the cloud and everything is ready. In fact, there is no installation at all.
It will take some time to onboard your API and define your policies, such as those for security. It should take about ten minutes to get up and running.
We considered other options; however, our client is mainly a Microsoft shop and they were already using Azure for various things. As such, we did not fully evaluate other options.
This is absolutely a solution that I would recommend for others.
Solution Architect at a sports company with 201-500 employees
Good API hosting and management and very stable
"The API management and the hosting of the API platform are great."
"The documentation could be improved for the customer."
We have company-wide APIs which are hosted in Niger, and some of the external clients access the applications via the API, and we provide the post-data information. The clients get their data from our larger API.
The way the API management handles the calls and call throttling is excellent.
The API management and the hosting of the API platform are great.
We haven't used API model that much, so I'm not in a good position to say recommendations as we are still exploring the Azure API management. We need more time to fully take in the solution before pointing our its flaws.
The documentation could be improved for the customer. The instructions on the district API and the initial stages of working with the solution need to be documented better so that users are more informed and they can have an improved experience.
I've been using the solution for three years now.
The stability of the solution is good. We haven't had any issues. I can't recall bugs or glitches. It doesn't crash or freeze. It's reliable.
The scalability of the solution is very good. If a company needs to expand it, it should be able to do so quite easily.
Currently, we have between 500-600 users in our organization on the solution.
We haven't really used technical support too often. Therefore, I can't really speak to their level of knowledge or responsiveness to issues.
We previously used IBM Open Shift. We switched due to the fact that the company was going to Azure and we didn't want multiple clients.
The initial setup isn't too difficult and doesn't take too long. You need to handle it to have the management gateway. Of course, every time it is deployed, then it needs to be configured to work with API. That could take some time.
For the deployment and maintenance, the size of the team you need depends on the project. We had a couple of developers on ours, for example.
I assisted with the implementation. I tend to handle it myself.
It's my understanding that the licensing is very clear. However, I'm not involved in it in any way, and therefore, I'm not sure what the cost structure is.
We're just a customer.
We do plan to continue to use the product going forward.
I'm not sure if I would recommend the solution. It depends on how their organization and architecture is, and if they're doing on-prem or cloud, depending on the requirement. It's very hard to say.
That said, I would rate it overall at eight out of ten.
RandallMcClure
Enterprise Architect at Pink Brain Technologies
It's very easy to get started but I would like to see them actually support out of the box
"We're pretty much using all of the monetizations features out of the API manager so we can put up a portal and have a dev portal and then a prod portal and do rate limiting."
"They're trying to implement versioning and trying to be able to manage different versions of your API all at the same time, but they're not doing that just quite right yet."
They're doing integration work between a lot of different on-premises business platforms, like Salesforce and NetSuite. We're doing integration work, but we're putting all of our APIs into the Azure cloud and using that API manager at this time.
We're pretty much using all of the monetizations features out of the API manager so we can put up a portal and have a dev portal and then a prod portal and do rate limiting.
They're trying to implement versioning and trying to be able to manage different versions of your API all at the same time, but they're not doing that just quite right yet.
I have been using this solution for a year.
We haven't had any issues with stability. Those things are pretty solid.
I haven't dug too deeply into how to scale it yet. My current customer doesn't have a high volume of stuff yet.
In terms of users, there are only two or three of us engineers that deal with it directly. We're running several dozen APIs that are production APIs.
I give technical support a solid B rating. They're not bad on doing support at all. They're not necessarily fast, but they're not bad.
It's very straightforward to set it up. It really is. That's one of its strengths, that it's very easy to get started.
The versioning makes deployments more complicated than you would like, so you have to build some of your own toolings.
Licensing is the tricky part. For Azure, if you have your Azure subscription, the API Management is a free tool. There's no extra cost for that.
My advice would be to choose wisely. Look around. That's the free entry stuff, so that's why I'm kind of looking around for another tooling solution, to see if I can get more full-featured support.
In the next release, I would love to see them actually support out of the box, like a canary deployment pattern, or out of the box just a blue-green rolling deployment pattern. Right now, how you want to do your deployments, you've got to tool it yourself.
I would rate it a seven out of ten. They're not bad.
Disclosure: My company has a business relationship with this vendor other than being a customer: Distributor
Paul-Emmanuel BREC
IT Enterprise Architect - Middleware & Integration at a comms service provider with 10,001+ employees
Stable, good pricing, and integrates well with other Azure services
"The solution is quite stable. We have no issues with it. there have been no crashes and we haven't experienced bugs or glitches. It's been quite reliable."
"The portal where we publish the APIs could be improved. Maybe this is because we didn't configure it. It is quite easy to bypass API management because we have a lot of information shared on the portal, where we publish our APIs. I worry there is potential for a security breach in the API publishing. There needs to be more security available on terms of the way we publish them."
Using an API management tool was new for us and it's definitely brought us a lot of value since implementation.
The way the solution integrates with other Azure services is its most valuable aspect.
The portal where we publish the APIs could be improved. Maybe this is because we didn't configure it. It is quite easy to bypass API management because we have a lot of information shared on the portal, where we publish our APIs. I worry there is potential for a security breach in the API publishing. There needs to be more security available on terms of the way we publish them.
We've been using the solution for three years now.
The solution is quite stable. We have no issues with it. there have been no crashes and we haven't experienced bugs or glitches. It's been quite reliable.
The solution is totally scalable. If a company needs to build out the solution to expand it, they can do so easily.
Support is very good. We have a direct line of contact with Microsoft product management's technical support. Contacting Microsoft has been very easy. It's perfect.
I did not participate in the installation. However, from the information I have received, it was quite difficult. It wasn't difficult because of the solution itself but because, for us, it was a totally new solution. We had no experience with it. If a company has a lot of experience with Azure API Management, it would be rather straightforward.
The pricing of the product is reasonable. It was one of the selling points for us when we were looking for a solution for our company.
We did evaluate a few other solutions before ultimately going with Microsoft. We looked at MuleSoft, for example, but it was a totally new environment for us. Another solution didn't have the level of maturity we wanted in a cloud product. Microsoft was also new, however, we had a lot of contacts there and we had all of their interfaces. After looking at the pricing and features, it ended up being the best option.
So far, we've been very happy with the solution.
I'd rate it eight out of ten overall.
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Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger at Wembley Stadium (pic: John Walton/PA Images).
Arsenal will be without Alexandre Lacazette and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang when they take on Ostersunds in the last-32 of the Europa League on Thursday (6pm kick-off).
The Gunners are in Sweden to take on the club managed by Englishmen Graham Potter with temperatures set to be below freezing when the game commences at the Jamtkraft Arena.
But the cold weather is the least of Arsene Wenger's problems with both of his top strikers unavailable for the clash tomorrow evening.
Aubameyang is ineligible because his former club Borussia Dortmund are now in the Europa League and rule 44.2 states a club can't register a new player if his old side are in the same competition and the player in question has already played for them in a group stage European fixture.
In addition to this, Arsenal were rocked by the news that Lacazette is set to miss the next four to six weeks with an injury.
The Frenchmen had an arthroscopy on his left knee on Tuesday with the minor procedure described as a "success" by the club, but he will not play again until March at the earliest.
It means Danny Welbeck is set to lead the line for Arsenal in Sweden, but Henrikh Mkhitaryan can feature against Ostersunds.
January signing Mkhitaryan helped Manchester United win the Europa League last season by scoring six goals in the competition.
Jose Mourinho's team defeated Ajax in the final last May and it secured Champions League football despite them finishing sixth in the division.
As things stand, triumphing in the Europa League this time around may be Arsenal's best chance of ensuring they play with Europe's elite again next season.
But Wenger isn't thinking like that yet, he said: "It's too early. Football is not about switching off for three games and switching on for one game.
"Man United decided that once they were in the semi-final, we are far from the semi-final and I think we have to fight to have a chance to come back (in the league).
"The priority has to be to be in the Champions League through the Premier League. I'm not a great fan of qualifying for the Champions League through the Europa League because I don't think it's right.


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Q: logging out on a netsuite sitebuilder ssp page without a redirect Is there a way to log a user out of Netsuite's website without a redirect?  I want the user to remain on the same page but all of the session information to go away.  I have tried a few methods of deleting out all of the cookies, but so far have yet to find one that will delete everything, and <%=nlapiGetWebContainer().getShoppingSession().logOut()%> tries to redirect you to another page (as does all of the other netsuite help suggestions I have found so far.
In IE the following does exactly what I want but I haven't found a similar thing for firefox or chrome:
document.execCommand("ClearAuthenticationCache");
var isIE = /*@cc_on!@*/false || !!document.documentMode;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Tyler Dylan Madden (born February 21, 2000) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Detroit Tigers organization. He was selected 32nd overall in the 2021 Major League Baseball draft by the Tigers. He played college baseball for the Texas Longhorns.

Amateur career
Madden grew up in Cypress, Texas, and attended Cypress Ranch High School. He was rated a top-100 collegiate recruit and high school prospect for the MLB Draft and initially committed to play college baseball at Rice before switching his commitment to Texas going into his senior year. Madden was selected in the 34th round of the 2018 MLB Draft by the Kansas City Royals but opted not to sign with the team.

Madden pitched in 15 games with eight starts as a freshman, posting a 4–1 record with 3.40 ERA and 37 strikeouts in 42.1 innings pitched. After the 2019 season, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Chatham Anglers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. As a sophomore, he served as the Longhorns' Saturday starter and went 3–0 with a 1.80 ERA in four starts before the season was cut short due to the coronavirus pandemic. Madden entered his redshirt sophomore season on the watchlist for the Golden Spikes Award and a preseason All-American by multiple outlets, as well as a top pitching prospect in the upcoming draft. Madden was named first team All-Big 12 and the Conference Pitcher of the Year after posting a 7-5 record with a 2.45 ERA and 137 strikeouts in  innings over 18 starts.

Professional career
Madden was selected by the Detroit Tigers with the 32nd overall pick of the 2021 Major League Baseball draft. He signed with the Tigers on July 19, 2021 for a $2.5 million bonus.

Madden made his professional debut in 2022 with the West Michigan Whitecaps.

References

External links

Texas Longhorns bio

2000 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Harris County, Texas
Baseball players from Texas
Baseball pitchers
Texas Longhorns baseball players
Chatham Anglers players
People from Cypress, Texas
West Michigan Whitecaps players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The development of open innovation concepts should be guided by your OpDiv's or StaffDiv's internal policies and priorities.
On January 4, 2011, the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 was signed into law, providing clear legal guidance for Federal agencies to use appropriated funds towards the use of challenges and prize competitions as a tool for innovation.
Soon after, the HHS Open Innovation Program was established out of the HHS Office of Assistant Secretary for Administration (ASA) and Office of the Chief Technology Officer (CTO), providing guidance to HHS Agencies on use of the authority.
By age four, children from low-income families have heard 30 million fewer words than those from higher-income families. This affects how young children develop language skills, their performance in school, and eventually their success in life. The Health Resources and Services Administration's Word Gap Challenge encouraged a broad set of innovators to develop and pilot early education products assisting parents and caregivers to read to children 0-3 in underserved populations. Several solutions have already become commercially available. Other winners have since teamed up to continue development of their products.
The Office of the Inspector General's Simple and Extensible Sampling Tool Challenge crowdsourced statistical sampling software used to evaluate fraud for all Medicaid claims for 10x less money than through typical contracting.
The National Institutes of Health's annual Design by Biomedical Undergraduate Teams (DEBUT) brings real-world biomedical engineering problems to students. The competition now has active participation from classes at 30 universities in 17 states and D.C., with many team projects spinning off into startups after college. One notable example, SparoLabs, has an FDA-cleared device to measure lung function.
Each year, HHS and the White House publish a report on its use of challenges. These reports offer insights on what open innovation challenges have achieved.


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Pinocho es un juego de naipes similar al Póquer con baraja inglesa sin comodines que se utiliza para apostar. Puede ser dos o tres jugadores, aunque lo ideal es que sean cuatro o cinco jugadores.

Modo de juego
Cada jugador pone una pequeña e igual cantidad de fichas previamente acordada en el centro de la mesa que es llamada "apuesta base", luego el "repartidor", que es el jugador quien tiene las cartas, deberá dar a cada jugador cuatro cartas, que no deben mirarse hasta haberlas recibido todas. Después un jugador abre poniendo una apuesta y los demás deciden si la igualan, si pasan o si la suben. Los que la igualan deben poner la misma cantidad de fichas sobre la mesa, si un jugador pasa significa que se retira de esta mano y si alguien la sube los que no han pasado deben igualarla o pasar. Solo se puede subir una apuesta tres veces. Después de esto se pasará a la segunda etapa y los que aún no hallan pasado podrán descartar una o dos de las cuatro cartas que se le otorgaron entregándole las cartas al repartidor y este devolviéndole cartas nuevas. Al final los jugadores muestran sus cartas y el que tiene la mejor mano se lleva el pozo.

Manos del Pinocho
(de más alta a más baja)

 escalera: cuatro cartas consecutivas. (ejemplo: J-Q-K-A)
 Pinocho: cuatro ases. (ejemplo: A-A-A-A)
 Full: cuatro cartas del mismo número. (ejemplo: 3-3-3-3)
 Trío: tres cartas iguales y una diferente (ejemplo: 7-7-7-4)
 Par doble: dos pares de cartas (ejemplo: 5-5-7-7)
 Par: dos cartas iguales y dos diferentes (ejemplo 8-8-9-5)
 Carta más alta: Gana quien tiene la carta más alta.

Las cartas individuales se evalúan (de más alta a más baja) A, K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 y 2
El A puede ser usado al principio de una escalera (ejemplo: A-2-3-4) o al final (ejemplo: J-Q-K-A). Los palos no tienen valor. De haber un empate ganará el jugador que tenga la carta más alta, si ambos tienen la misma carta ganará el que tenga la segunda más alta y así sucesivamente.

Juegos de naipes


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The relation between alcohol and cardiovascular disease in Eastern Europe: explaining the paradox
Cardiovascular deaths and binge drinking
Martin Bobak
Martin Bobak, Senior Lecturer
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"??>
The review by Britton and McKee(1) asserts a general causal relationship between episodes of high dose alcohol intake (binge drinking) and cardiovascular deaths, based on universal physiological mechanisms. They claim that this causal relationship explains the dramatic fluctuations in cardiovascular deaths in Russia and (less dramatic ones) in Poland. We could not agree more that an assessment of the patte...
The review by Britton and McKee(1) asserts a general causal relationship between episodes of high dose alcohol intake (binge drinking) and cardiovascular deaths, based on universal physiological mechanisms. They claim that this causal relationship explains the dramatic fluctuations in cardiovascular deaths in Russia and (less dramatic ones) in Poland. We could not agree more that an assessment of the pattern of drinking should be included in future studies, but we recommend caution in interpreting the evidence presented in their review.
First, the definitions of binge drinking used in the studies included in the review vary widely, and some of them probably do not represent a distinct population of binge drinkers, such as 'unable to perform job properly' or 'being registered as a heavy abuser'. Studies using such heterogenous definitions of exposure are not "combinable".(2) These unreliable definitions do not distinguish between binge drinkers and regular heavy drinkers or dependent moderate drinkers, all of which are treated as quite separate populations in their review of mechanisms for cardiac mortality.(3) Combining these studies cannot, in our view, answer the question whether binge drinking is related to cardiovascular deaths.
Second, it is far from clear to which extent the reviewed studies controlled for important confounding factors. It is very likely that people who were "unable to perform their job properly" or were registered as "heavy abusers" also differed from the reference group in many factors that confound the association with cardiovascular disease. Poor diet and malabsorption of nutrients, unsatisfactory employment and social exclusion, low educational achievement, chain smoking or inadequate housing could all co-vary with episodes of high dose alcohol intake. It is unlikely that all such factors could adequately be taken into account by adjusting for a limited set of variables. Third, the specificity of the association between binge drinking and sudden deaths is problematic. The reference cited to support this point in fact examined sustained heavy drinking, rather than binge drinking.(4) Sustained heavy drinking is rare in Russia.(5)
Given all these problems, the statement that the association is "strong and consistent" and "fulfills the criteria of causality" is misleading. There is simply not enough evidence for this.
The origins of the hypothesis that binge increases the risk of cardiovascular death are based on the mortality crisis in Russia. However, it ignores the important dissociation between the mortality trends in men and women and the gender gap in drinking. All data from Russia are consistent in one aspect: men drink much more than women (in fact women in Russia drink relatively little compared to the UK).(5) However, the magnitude of cardiovascular mortality fluctuations has been the same, proportionately, for men and women in Russia.(6) Given the consistently low consumption in women, it is difficult to see how the massive mortality changes could caused primarily by alcohol.(7) This is critical to the argument of Britton and McKee because the hypothesis they developed had the initial aim of explaining the massive mortality changes in Russia.
To date, we are aware of two prospective cohort studies on alcohol and mortality in Russia, neither of which provide any support for the hypothesis. In the Russian Lipid Research Clinic Study cohort, there was no suggestion of an increased mortality in the highest category of alcohol intake (which, given the drinking pattern common in Russia, would probably include binge drinking).(8) In our analysis of the Novosibirsk MONICA cohort, binge drinking (measured as the average alcohol intake on typical occasion) was related to increased risk of death from injuries and accidents but not from cardiovascular disease (submitted manuscript). In the light of the present evidence, it is not likely that binge drinking can explain the paradox of high cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe, certainly not on the scale proposed by the reviewers. Acute effects of alcohol may include some cardiovascular deaths but it is unlikely that binge drinking caused the several hundred thousand extra cardiovascular deaths that occurred above the long term rates in Russia between 1987 and 1994.(6)
No one would dispute the gravity of the health crisis in Eastern Europe or the harmful effects of drinking on many health outcomes. However, the current state of knowledge does not (yet?) justify the conclusion that binge drinking causes large numbers of deaths from cardiovascular disease.
1-19 Torrington Place
London WC1E 6BT, UK
Woody Caan Directorate of Public Health
Barking and Havering Health Authority
1 Britton A, McKee M. The relation between alcohol and cardiovascular disease in Eastern Europe: explaining the paradox. J Epidemiol Comm Health 2000;54:328-332.
2 Egger M, Smith GD, Phillips AN. Meta-analysis: principles and procedures. BMJ 1997;315:1533-1537.
3 McKee M, Britton A. The positive relationship between alcohol and heart disease in eastern Europe: potential physiological mechanisms. J R Soc Med 1998;91:402-407.
4 Wannamethee G, Shaper AG. Alcohol and sudden cardiac death. Heart 1992;68:443-448.
5 Bobak M, McKee M, Rose R, et al. Alcohol consumption in a national sample of the Russian population. Addiction 1999;94:857-866.
6 Leon DA, Chenet L, Shkolnikov V, et al. Huge variation in Russian mortality rates 1984-94: artefact, alcohol, or what? Lancet 1997;350:383-388.
7 Bobak M, Marmot M. Alcohol and mortality in Russia: is it different than elsewhere? Ann Epidemiol 1999;9:335-338.
8 Deev A, Shestov D, Abernathy J, et al. Association of alcohol consumption to mortality of middle aged US and Russian men and women. Ann Epidemiol 1998;8:147-153.
None declared.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Latin America: Venezuela's Chavez News of Second Operation Provokes Opposition
Posted on Thursday, February 23 @ 09:04:28 UTC
Topic: Venezuela and Chavez
Venezuela's Chavez News of Second Operation Provokes Opposition and Press Rumours
By Tamara Pearson
February 23, 2012 - Venezuelanalysis.com
Yesterday Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez announced that he would require another operation, this time to extract a lesion from the pelvic region of his body. Opposition spokespeople and international press have speculated about the seriousness of the surgery, suggesting "uncertainty" before the presidential elections.
Chavez said that he would be operated on this weekend in Havana, Cuba, by the same doctors who extracted his cancerous tumour last June. The lesion is 2cm in diameter and was detected last Saturday during his four-monthly check up in Cuba.
The lesion has "high possibilities of being malignant," he said, emphasising that there was no need to "be alarmed" and reminding Venezuelans that today he would continue with his "normal presidential agenda". He clarified that he wouldn't be active at his "normal rhythm" over the next few weeks.
"They will operate on me again, they'll take the lesion out, they'll verify if it's related to the last tumour or not, and based on that we'll inform [the public]," Chavez said.
Private Venezuelan press had speculated about the fact that Chavez had not being seen in public for a few days, and suggested his cancer was "spreading" and there was "metastasis". Reportero 24 said it had advanced to the liver.
Today, other private Spanish media, such as AFP and Univision, have talked about a "period of uncertainty before the elections" because of Chavez's operation and speculated about a date change for the presidential elections, due on October 7 this year.
AFP also questioned Chavez's use of the word "lesion" instead of "tumour" and misinformed its readers, saying he hadn't announced when the operation would be.
The English private media have also misquoted the president; with AP saying "Chavez says his cancer is likely back" and that he has raised "serious doubts about whether he'll have the stamina for a successful re-election bid". The Wall Street Journal headlined with "Chavez plans to undergo new operation for cancer" and the New York Times also misquoted Chavez in its headline, writing "Chavez says his cancer shows sign of return".
Opposition umbrella group, the MUD, released a press statement wishing Chavez a "successful operation" but also "demand[ing] transparency" and that he "tell the truth," blaming rumours on the "lack of precise information".
"There are people who want me to die, because they hate me... they have taken it on themselves these last few months to spread rumours...in order to create anxiety, and try to destabilise the country," Chavez said yesterday on the public VTV television station during an inauguration of an industrial plant in Barinas state.
He called on Venezuelans to be "prepared to neutralise any attempts at violence in the country by the opposition" and explained, "We have an adversary ... who doesn't believe in the constitution or in democracy, and that is subordinated to external orders," referring to the relationship between the opposition and the United States government.
Minister for communication, Andres Izarra, said there was a "media based operation in place to harm the trust and faith of the people" in President Chavez, which, according to him, was what was behind the rumours around his health.
"Until the last day of my life I'll live for you all, for my people," Chavez said.
Cuban doctors operated on Chavez last June, removing a baseball sized cancerous tumour. He then received four rounds of chemotherapy, and by October had confirmed that he was "free of cancerous cells and on the path to full recovery". Tests showed no major negative side effects from the chemotherapy.
Since the operation, national private media has regularly quoted "experts" or people with "inside contacts" saying that the president has just "one year to live" or casting doubts on the real state of his health. In September the Miami-based El Nuevo Herald quoted unnamed sources claiming the president had been "rushed to an emergency room" and suffered kidney failure, was on dialysis, and had aplastic anaemia. Other media outlets repeated the story.
· Venezuela and Chavez
· More about Venezuela and Chavez
Most read story about Venezuela and Chavez:
Venezuela: nothing is innocent anymore: not even earthquakes and the flu


Yay! You're now following exercise arm band in your .
Metabolism in exercising arm vs. leg muscle.
This is yet another classic exercise for arms that is included in most exercise regimes in order to tone and shape the flabby arms. You can do this exercise with or without weights. Being a low impact exercise, it can be done while following the . You can hold two 600 ml water bottles in two hands while doing the arm circles.
Exercise and Arm Lymphedema. Karin Johansson, RPT, LT, Lymphedema Unit, Lund University Hospital, Dr. Med. Sci, Dep. of Health Science, Lund University, Sweden. Physiotherapy Theory Practice, 2009 Apr; 25(3):165-73.
Lying on an exercise bench or large couch cushion, ..
Flabby or big arms can really put you down and ruin your image! They are hard to carry in a slim fit dress and going sleeveless is a huge embarrassment. Both girls and guys have the same problems with their arms. Girls want toned and slim arms, whereas guys want huge muscles. No one likes saggy arms as they make your arms look bigger than they actually are. It is never too late to begin exercise for arms and the often include arm toning exercises. It does not just reduce the fat around the area, but it also gives you toned arms. You will start feeling confident about yourself.


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Jan and Cora Gordon through the eyes of Dr. James Berry: Serbia 2015
I had read accounts of Dr. James Berry during his 2015 WW1 Balkan Red Cross exploits from the perspective of Jan and Cora Gordon ("The Luck of Thirteen" 1916), but not his own accounts of Jan and Cora Gordon from the same time period. These are abundantly contained in his 1916 book (The Story of a Red Cross Unit in Serbia. London: J. & A. Churchill), which I only recently came across.
These included mention of Jan Gordon's musical abilities:
"We left Malta on a beautiful evening, and while sitting on deck watching the moonlit sea and sky, we had our first introduction to the banjo and the inimitable songs of Mr. Gordon (the Herr Ingenieur as he was usually called in our Serbian hospital), which during so many months were to be such an antidote to depression and influence for sociability in the Unit, as well as such an unfailing attraction to lay before our Serbian visitors." Berry (2016, p 22)
and later:
"We had no piano at the Terapia, and as we had most of us come out prepared for hardships and perpetual labour, with no time for recreation, we could only muster a handful of books between us. Fortunately we had plenty of newspapers sent from home. Gordon's banjo and melodious howlings provided us with most of our music .. One al fresco rendering of "Pherson's Feud " to a mixed audience of Serbs and British will remain an abiding memory with all of us, and what the Serbs thought of it as an ancient Scottish war song they could hardly express in words." Berry (2016, p 172)
There was also Jan Gordon's value as a practical handyman:
"One of the busiest departments of the hospital, especially during the early days, was the workshop, fitted up by Gordon and Norris. A very serviceable bench was constructed out of a few planks and the wreckage of some wooden railings ; tool-racks and shelves were installed and a window was put in. Even a little metal-work was done at times as witness the stand for the theatre steriliser, made with aluminium splinting and thick iron wire. The first step in this process was to make a drill to bore rivet-holes in the aluminium. A large bradawl was sacrificed for the purpose, and after being shaped with a file, was hardened with the aid of a "Primus" stove and a basin of water ; it worked fairly well. There were no rivets in the stores brought out from England, but screws cut in halves and split down with a hack-saw served the purpose. The finished article lasted for several months of constant use." Berry (2016, p 65)
"Gordon and Norris made some massive trestles with logs brought down from the Gotch forests ; and these, fastened together with iron staples, were placed in the big concrete basin, while thick beech boards were shaped roughly with saw and axe and nailed on to the trestles. The work was finished about midnight, by the light of an acetylene lamp, and the two carpenters celebrated the occasion by swimming round the pool while waiting to see whether the structure would float up when the water rose again to its full level. Fortunately, it remained quite firm." Berry (2016, p 69)
Jan Gordon developed some rudimentary medical rules of thumb:
"Gordon helped Williams for a while with the work at the clearing hospital, and as a result of this experience he concluded that the whole science and art of medicine is summed up in the rule that if the pain is above the eyes, one must give a "sleeper" (a tablet of aspirin) ; if below the eyes, a "shifter" (a tablet of calomel). When Williams went his round each day, Gordon followed him with a bottle of "sleepers" in one hand and one of "shifters" in the other. Very soon, however, the pharmacy was extended to include a number of "tabloid " preparations, some quinine, and several other useful drugs. Some stock solutions were made up by the dispenser at the Terapia containing much orange peel and a little burnt sugar." Berry (2016, p 70)
Gordon was resourceful in response to emergencies:
"During the fire (described in "The Luck of Thirteen"), "Gordon and Norris cut a hole in the ceiling of a room alongside the fire, and so were able to get into the loft above and throw water upon the burning roof, thus preventing the fire from spreading to the main ward of the Terapia. The Professor and the " Frau Doktor " (Mrs. Berry) worked with the rest, and the former, perched amid the smoke of the burning rafters," * Fire-buckets, filled, some with water, others with sand, had been established in all the corridors within a day or two of our arrival, and fortunately we had also a large supply of buckets for other purposes." Berry (2016, p 76)
Meanwhile, Cora ("Joe") Gordon impressed with her linguistic abilities:
"Mrs. Gordon aroused nothing but admiration. She was almost the only member of the rank and file of the Unit who seriously attempted to acquire and employ an extensive vocabulary. She worked for some weeks with the out-patients, getting details of their complaints before passing them on to the doctor, and if her grammar was inaccurate she wanted nothing of fluency. She was invaluable as an interpreter in the out-patient department. Miss Barber was little inferior to Mrs. Gordon. Mr. Berry had unquestionably the largest vocabulary, as he had to deal with all sorts and ranks of Serbians. Miss Barber acquired the phrases which enabled her to chat familiarly with peasants, and Mrs. Gordon specialised in the language of symptoms, but traversed a wide general field as well. The rest of us had very little to show, even after several months in the country, in the way of knowledge of the language of its inhabitants. But with the Professor, Mrs. Gordon, and Miss Barber the mission had a very good opportunity of obtaining an intimate knowledge of the Serbs and thus correcting superficial impressions." Berry (2016, p 119)
Cora ("Jo") Gordon with the out patients ("The Luck of Thirteen" 1916)
The Gordons stayed much longer than their initially planned period of three months:
"The members of the original mission had all enlisted for a minimum period of three months, and when this was over a gradual disintegration of the Unit set in, accompanied by infusion of fresh blood. By June 9th all the medical staff had gone home except the two heads of the Unit, all the sisters except one, Sister West, and all the orderlies, men and women, except Mr. and Mrs. Gordon, Mrs. Eldred, and Mr. Gwin. The first new arrivals were a party of six, four sisters and a V.A.D., Miss Barber, under the escort of Mr. Blease." Berry (2016, p 170)
"On one of these journeys to Kragujevatz Mr. Berry and Sister Hammond were visiting an anti-aircraft battery at the moment when Austrian aeroplanes attacked the arsenal. Gordon was actually in the arsenal when the bombs fell, and a man was killed close to him.* But as a rule our expeditions were made without any adventures, and the greatest excitements were provided by the condition of the roads. (This and other adventures are described in Mr. and Mrs. Gordon's book, " The Luck of Thirteen " : Smith, Elder & Co., 1915)" Berry (2016, p 174)
Bomb damage near the arsenal ("The Luck of Thirteen" 1916)
James Berry also wrote about the role of the Gordons in finding an effective escape route during the horrific great retreat:
Food was scarce during the retreat, with many of the Serbian refugees dying of starvation. According to James Berry's account of the retreat, bread could only be had by military order, "and it required prodigious exertions on the party of Mr. and Mrs. Gordon to wrest from the reluctant authorities even a third of their prescribed allowance. For the first time in his life Blease tried to buy bread at a shop and was told there was none to buy.... he will never forget the feeling of helplessness which for a moment seized him when he realised that he was there, in the midst of thousands of hungry people, and the money in his pocket gave him no advantage over the poorest of them all." Berry (2016, p 208)
"The next morning the party was roused, grasped the baggage, and rushed down to the beach, and at 9 o'clock the Harmonie, of Marseilles, put out to sea. The stern cable was cut, as the second torpedo was supposed to be entangled in it. Within an hour there appeared, almost simultaneously, the Austrian submarine and the Italian cruiser and her convoy. The submarine was chased away, and nothing worse befell the fugitives than sea-sickness. At 9 o'clock at night they reached Brindisi, and slept on the floor of the cabin, on their baggage, or on coils of rope, while the locomotives on the quay whistled a lullaby. Three days more brought them to London, rather tired of rice, which they had eaten, curried or sugared, twice a day for nearly five weeks, but otherwise none the worse for their adventure. The chief credit for the success of the expedition seems to belong to Gordon, though how much was due to Mrs. Gordon's command of the Serb language cannot be estimated. The thanks of all the rest are also due to Cutting and Watmough, both British Red Cross Society's men, who lit fires and cooked under all sorts of impossible conditions. The rest did little more than pull their own weight, but as West, of the Serbian Relief Fund, began the journey with a dangerously septic place on his arm, and Mawson, a Red Cross chauffeur, was badly hampered by his attack of pleurisy, they deserve special praise for doing even that. The most extraordinary fact in the story of their escape is that of all the thousands of men, women, and children who fled from Serbia before the Austrians, a mere handful took the same route as Gordon's party." Berry (2016, p 224)
Retreating ammunition train 2015 ("The Luck of Thirteen" 1916)
Jan and Cora Gordon with Myron Nutting in Paris and New York (1927)
Amongst the numerous artistic acquaintances of Jan and Cora Gordon in Paris in the 1920s were Mr. and Mrs. Myron Chester Nutting. Myron Nutting (1890-1972) was a painter who studied at the Académie Julian (the school at which Jan Gordon had initially registered in Paris) under André Lhote and the University of Paris under Maurice Denis. He was a friend of James Joyce and painted portraits of Joyce's wife and daughter in the early 1920s.
in 1966 Myron Nutting remembered Jan and Cora Gordon as among the friends in Paris that they enjoyed the most, "because they were really good fun ... and also were highly cultivated people with interests in all sorts of things. They were good musicians. He was well educated and could discuss any subject, and he saw the humor of life."
"They were not producing anything of any vast importance but they enjoyed doing their work, which was writing. They made their living with their books, and every year they got out a travel book. Also h…
SURREALISM AGAIN, Observations on the work of Klee by Jan Gordon 1941
The Liverpool Daily Post of Thursday 06 March 1941 carried a commentary by Jan Gordon on a London exhibition of works by the Swiss-born Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940).
SURREALISM AGAIN: Paul Klee's Art By Jan Gordon "An exhibition of works by the German-Swiss artist, Paul Klee, whose death in Switzerland last year passed almost unnoticed, has just been opened at the Leicester Galleries.
It is not an exhibition which the normal spectator will easily understand. In fact, one might say that passing round the walls hung with Klee's small, strange works, he will come at last —if he lasts so long—to a drawing. No. 49. It represents roughly a head. There is a vague, twisted, bothered face, but the brain-pan has been ploughed up into blocks.
If the spectator will give this little longer consideration, he may come to feel that it just about represents his own state of mind after having gone round some forty of Klee's paintings. For Klee is, no doubt, the most apparently chil…
Jan and Cora Gordon, 1928: Salesmanship in California
I smiled last Saturday as we found ourselves taking part in an earnest time-share sales presentation in San Diego, succumbing to some insistent and misleading salesmanship, quite alien in style and content to anything a Brit would have come across at home.
This prompted a recollection of the encounter between Jan and Cora Gordon and California real estate salesmen in 1928 recorded in "Star-dust in Hollywood". The similarities are astonishing.
".. every real estate firm, in an agony of cut-throat competition, was trying to catch every 'tourist' as he arrived with his savings, to induce him if possible to invest his money in land before he could discover the real conditions. All along the streets near the centre of the town large rubber-neck wagons waited to abduct the wandering visitor. Young and often charming women pounced upon one from doors, waving prospectuses and promising free drives, free lunches and the rest."
Cora Gordon "was willing to becom…
Jan and Cora Gordon through the eyes of Dr. James ...


You're in for a treat as your ship sails through Resurrection Bay near Seward. The area is home to wondrous marine mammals, birds and fantastic tidewater glaciers. But this is just the beginning of what Alaska has in store. Spend a few days exploring the surrounding area and you'll open doors to new cultures, flavors and inspiring sights you won't get while your ship is underway.
The cruise may be over, but the adventure has just begun! The Alaska SeaLife Center in Seward cares for sea lions, seals and puffins, among other marine animals. You'll get a unique perspective on life on and below the waves in Alaska.
Board the Alaska Railroad for the trip to Anchorage. Keep an eye out for moose and eagles as the train winds through forest valleys and past stunning hanging glaciers in the Chugach Mountains. White Beluga whales ply the waters of Turnagain Arm for salmon, so keep an eye out on the left side as you head north.
Hop off in the mountain town of Girdwood and spend the night in a cozy room at a B&B, or at Alyeska Resort. Girdwood is well known for hiking and glacier trekking. Don't be surprised if you spot paragliders overhead or mountain bikers speeding down the mountain slopes.
Start the day with a hearty breakfast. For local flavor, check the menu for reindeer sausage and sourdough, two iconic Alaska tastes that shine at breakfast time. Head north to Anchorage by bus, but keep an eye out for white Dall sheep on the slopes of the Chugach Mountains. If you time it right, you may also see the bore tide in Turnagain Arm, it's a sweeping wave that can get as large a six feet tall as it travels down the arm.
Get your bearings in the city of Anchorage with a trolley or walking tour of Anchorage. You can learn about the city's history, diverse cultures and cuisine, and you might even spot a moose browsing through parkland.
You may already have caught a glimpse of Denali from downtown, but it's about to get a lot closer. Take off for the Alaska Range with a flightseeing trip. Lake Hood is the busiest seaplane base in the world, and many companies offer tours. You'll circle the iconic mountain, soar over huge ice fields, and may even get a chance to touch down inside Denali National Park!
Get a little creative inspiration at downtown galleries along Fourth Avenue and G Street. You'll find traditional Alaska Native art, contemporary works by local artists and inspired apparel. If you're looking for a souvenir or gift from Alaska, now's the time; Anchorage has no sales tax!
The Alaska Culture Pass gets you into two great attractions for one price and offers a shuttle service to boot! Anchorage is the only city where you can explore all of Alaska's Native cultures in one place. Head to the Alaska Native Heritage Center for demonstrations of Alaska Native dance, drumming and sport, then explore the life-size traditional dwellings in the forest that surrounds Lake Tiulana. The Anchorage Museum is the largest in Alaska, and its history, art, Native culture and science exhibits are inspired.
Time for a meal as artful as anything on a gallery wall. Sample fresh Alaska seafood, locally sourced veggies and beers brewed in Anchorage. Choose from a wealth of intimate restaurants, charming bistros and fine dining spots to celebrate your Alaska voyage!


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GS I
GS II
Indian Polity & Governance
GS III
HomeGS Static TestUPSC Indian Modern History 9 (Old Year Questions)
UPSC Indian Modern History 9 (Old Year Questions)
By admin June 18, 2019 GS Static Test, Modern India, UPSC Prelims 0 Comments
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20 questions based on Indian Modern History.
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Who among the following was a proponent of Fabianism as a movement?
Annie Besant.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt.
A.O. Hume.
R. Palme Dutt.
Annie Besant (1897-1933), as member of the National Secular Society, she had preached free thought and as a member of the Fabian Society, Socialism.
Consider the following statements about Sikh Gurus:
1. Banda Bahadur was appointed as the military leader of the Sikhs by Guru Teg Bahadur.
2. Guru Arjun Dev became the Sikh Guru after Guru Ram Das.
3. Guru Arjun Dev gave to Sikhs their own script-Guru mukhi.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 only
2 and 3 only
Banda Bahadur was appointed as the military leader of the Sikhs by Guru Teg Bahadur. Guru Angad (second guru) gate to sikhs their own script Guru Mukhi. Guru Arjun Dev (5th guru) became Sikh Guru after Guru Ram Das (4th guru).
1. In the Third Battle of Panipat, Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Ibrahim Lodi.
2. Tipu Sultan was killed in the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
3. Mir Jafar entered in a conspiracy with the English for the defeat of Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah in the Battle of Plassey.
1, 2 and 3 only
one of the above
Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas in the third battle of Panipat. Tipu Sultan was killed in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
Consider the following statements: Some of the main features of the Government of India Act, 1935 were the:
1. Abolition of diarchy in the Governor's provinces.
2. Power of the Governors to veto legislative action and to legislate on their own.
3. Abolition of the principle of communal representation.
Separate electorates provides for Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans. Introduction of provincial autonomy and abolition of diarchy in the provinces. Governors retained the veto power.
1. The First Session of the Indian National Congress was held in Calcutta.
2. The Second Session of the Indian National Congress was held under the presidentship of Dadabhai Naoroji.
3. Both Indian National Congress and Muslim League held their sessions at Lucknow in 1916 and concluded the Lucknow Pact.
The first meeting of INC began on 28 December 1885 in the hall of Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay under the leadership of W.C. Banerjee. Second session in INC was held at Calcutta under the Presidentship of Dadabhai Naoriji.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
The Constitution Assembly of India was elected by the Provincial Assemblies in the year 1946
Jawaharlal Nehru, M. A. Jinnah and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel were members of the Constituent Assembly of India.
The First Session of the Constituent Assembly of India was held in January, 1947.
The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th January, 1950.
M.A. Jinnah of Muslim League was not a member of Constituent Assembly. The First Session of Constituent Assembly was held in December, 1946. The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November, 1949.
The Montague-Chelmsford Report formed the basis of?
The Indian Councils Act, 1909.
The Government of India Act, 1919.
The Indian Independence Act, 1947.
During the Indian Freedom Struggle, who among the following proposed that Swaraj should be defined as complete independence free from all foreign control?
Mazharul Haque.
Maulana Hasrat Mohani.
Hakim Ajmal Khan.
Abul Kalam Azad
In 1921, Republican Muslim leader Hasrat Mohani wanted to move a resolution defining Swaraj as complete Independence, free from all foreign control which was opposed by Gandhiji and led to its rejection.
Consider the following princely States of the British Rule in India:
1. Jhansi.
2. Sambalpur.
3. Satara.
These states were annexed by Dalhousie in the sequence of: Satara – 1844 A.D. Sambalpur – 1849 A.D. Jhansi – 1853 A.D.
The name of the famous person of India who returned the Knighthood conferred on him by the British Government as a token of protest against the atrocities in Punjab in 1919 was?
The Bagadur Sapru.
Ashutosh Mukherjee.
Rabindranath Tagore.
Syed Ahmad Khan.
Rabindranath Tagore returned the 'Knighthood' as a token of protest against Jallianwala Bagh tragedy (April 13, 1919) in Punjab.
Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? List-I (Period) List-II (Wars)?
1. A.D. 1767-69 First Anglo-Maratha War.
2. A.D. 1790-92 Third Mysore War.
3. A.D. 1824-26 First Anglo-Burmese War.
4. A.D. 1845-46 Second Sikh War.
First Anglo-Maratha War – 1775-82 Second Anglo-Sikh War – 1948-49
Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Pitt's India Act Warren Hastings.
Doctrine of Lapse Dalhousie.
Vernacular Press Act Curzon.
Ilbert Bill Ripon.
Vernacular Press Act was enacted in 1878 during the Viceroyship of Lord Lytton.
Consider the following Viceroys of India during the British rule:
1. Lord Curzon.
2. Lord Chelmsford.
3. Lord Hardinge.
4. Lord Irwin.
1 – 3 – 2 – 4
Lord Curzon : 1899-1905, Lord Hardinge : 1910-1916, Lord Chelmsford : 1916-1921, Lord Irwin : 1926-31.
Consider the following events during India's freedom struggle:
1. Chauri – Chaura Outrage.
2. Minto – Morley Reforms.
3. Dandi March.
4. Montague – Chelmsford Reforms.
Morley Minto Reforms : 1909 Montague-Chelmsford Reforms : 1919 Chauri-Chaura Outrage : 1922 Dandi March : 1930
Assertion (A): Marathas emerged as the strongest native power in India after the decline of Mughal empire.
Reason (R): Marathas were the first to have a clear concept of a united Indian nation.
Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
A is true but R is false
A is false but R is true
Marathas rose on the spoils of Mughal decline. Aurangzeb's religious policy coupled with growth of Maharashtradharma grew as a power enough to dominate the political scene. But their feudal division was not a true approach to United India concept.
How did the Mughal Emperor Jahandarshah's reign come to an early end?
He was deposed by his Wazir
He died due to a slip while climbing down steps
He was defeated by his nephew in a battle
He died of sickness due to too much consumption of wine.
Jahandar Shah was defeated and killed by his nephew Furrukhsiyar with the help of Sayyid brothers.
The leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) was
Vithalbhai J. Patel
Mahadev Desai
Bardoli Satyagraha by the Kunbi-patidar and owning peasants and untouchables, supported by Vallabhbhai Patel, Mehta brothers (1928, Surat, Gujarat) against oppression by upper castes and hike in revenue by 22 percent by the Bombay Government. The title 'Sardar' was given by Bardoli women to Vallabhbhai Patel.
During the colonial period in India, what was the purpose of the Witley Commission?
To review the fitness of India for further political reforms
To report on existing conditions of labour and to make recommendations
To draw up a plan for financial reforms for India
To develop a comprehensive scheme for Civil Services in India
To report on existing conditions of labour and to make recommendations.
Assertion (A): In 1916, Maulana Mohammad Ali and Abul Kalam Azad resigned from the Legislative Council.
Reason (R): The Rowlatt Act was passed by the Government in spite of being opposed by all Indian members of the Legislative Council.
During World War-I, Mohammad Ali was interned and Azad's publication Al hilal was suppressed. They were not members of the Legislative Council.
Assertion (A): Shah Alam II spent the initial years as an Emperor far away from his capital.
Reason (R): There was always a lurking danger of foreign invasion from the north-west frontier.
Shah Alam II spent the initial years as an Emperor away from his capital because of the fear of his wazir.
Ecology & Environment Test 4
Indian Geography Test 5
Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity.
What are the economic significances of discovery of oil in Arctic Sea and its possible environmental consequences
Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart villages. Discuss this statement in the backdrop of rural urban integration.
How far do you agree that the behaviour of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss.
The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are reaching the limits of their ecological carrying capacity due to tourism. Critically evaluate.
India is well endowed with fresh water resources. Critically examine why it still suffers from water scarcity.
Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the three mega cities of the country but the air pollution is much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so?
Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents? How do they influence regional climates, fishing and navigation
Debate the issue of whether and how contemporary movements for assertion of Dalit identity work towards annihilation of caste.
Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India.
Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades.
Answer Writing
GS Static Test
Indian Society
Post independence India
IASBook is designed as a self-study package for preparing for the Civil Services Exam which aims to help candidates of the UPSC Civil Services Examination.
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Interviewing customers is one of my favorite things to do. I like learning about them, their lives and discovering how my clients can help them. Even if that means that what I learn is not what I wanted to. I recently sat down with my colleague Vidhya Sriram to share our interviewing tips.


A few years ago I retired from teaching chemisty at our local high school. The philosophy teacher there structures debates for his class. Each pair of students picks a topic and asks a local "expert" to participate. The most recent topic was whether naturopathy is more effective than "mainstream" medicine. The teacher recommended that a student contact me to debate a local naturopathic "doctor" and I agreed.
She began by outlining her education; an undergraduate degree in biology and several years of naturopathic schooling. She said, or at least implied, that she had as much medical knowledge as a mainstream doctor. Her presentation revolved around the idea that ordinary medicine had failed her patients who, she said, were "sick of being sick." She treated each patient as a "whole person." She said that mainstream doctors and the pharmaceutical industry don't want us to know the truth, and that it's all about money with them.
One of the first points I made was that there was no scientific evidence that the "vital force" that naturopaths talk about exists. I pointed out that it can't be observed or measured. Her response was, "Why should it have to be measured?" She said that when one has a cut in the skin, this "force" causes the blood to clot and heal the cut. I didn't want to be rude, so I decided not to question the value of a B.Sc. in biology that had not taught a graduate to understand the basic clotting mechanism.
I thought it might be useful to demonstrate the foolishness of homeopathy, which naturopathic schools teach in several coures. I displayed a flask with dark purple potassium permanganate solution in it. I told the students that this solution is poisonous, and that first I was going to make it stronger and then drink it. I took a few drops of this solution and diluted it with a couple of hundred milliliters of water. I told them that I was going to increase its strength by shaking it in a special way. I then took a couple of drops of this, and repeated the process. After doing tthis a few more times, I drank the resulting solution and told them to get ready to call 911.
Of course, several students were laughing at this, but I turned to the "doctor" and asked, "did I do this correctly?" She replied that each step with its special shaking was called a "succussion" and that basically I had the right idea. I remarked, "So it is possible to make a substance stronger by diluting it to infinity?" and she said it was. Her next remark was that she was just as astounded about homeopathy when she first learned it in school, but the point was that we didn't need to understand HOW it worked—all we had to do was observe that it does.
I tried to bring up the usual ideas of double-blind scientific studies being needed and the placebo effect. She replied that homeopathy works with animals that can't be affected by the placebo effect, and also pointed out that with her own child she observed immediate relief of teething pain when administered homeopathic medicine. She rejected the idea that a baby might be soothed by attention and even a few drops of water administered by her mother.
I kept my cool fairly well until a student brought up the question of vaccinations. She had heard that they cause autism. I referred the class to the Quackwatch website and asked them to read the research on this. I then told the class that many of them were sitting there alive and well because they had been vaccinated as infants. I told them how wonderful it was that they had not even heard of childhood diseases like whooping cough, dyphtheria, polio, and others that killed many children a couple of generations ago. The naturopath then commented that these people should at least have the right to choose; they could choose to come to her for naturopathic preventions of these diseases instead of vaccinations. This is when I lost my cool; I raised my voice and implored the class, "PLEASE, when you are parents in a few years, take them to a pediatrician and have them vaccinated!"
I was both pleased with how the class went and somewhat discouraged. I believe that my demonstration reached some of the students. However, a few thought that there "had to be something to it" when these succussions were performed in the correct way, and a couple asked for her card afterwards and whether they could visit her at her office. Of course she was quite receptive to this idea. How sad that the easiest quackery of all to destroy with visible evidence—homeopathy—can still be accepted by a few who have seen the evidence. Imagine how easily they may be taken in by the rest of the nonsense that naturopathy offers.
Mr. Fowler is a retied chemistry teacher who resides in Fenwick, Ontario.
This article was posted on August, 8, 2009.


How much does it cost to move from Fort Lewis to Spokane Valley?
How much does it cost to move from Fort Lewis, Washington to Spokane Valley, Washington? The distance is 285 miles, so most of the moving cost will be in transporting your furniture and boxes.


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Notification Center on Mac: How to Customize and Use It
Written by: Dilum Senevirathne
Posted on: December 21st, 2020 in: macOS
The Notification Center on your Mac conveniently houses the notifications that you miss or don't have the time to deal with right away. It also acts as a one-stop destination to access and interact with widgets. Starting with macOS Big Sur, however, the Notification Center received a significant update that changed how things work.
Both notifications and widgets now look quite similar to what you get on the iPhone and iPad. But, they are also streamlined and easier to deal with compared to before. Below, you'll find everything that you need to know about using and customizing the new and enhanced Notification Center on your Mac.
How to Open Mac Notification Center
With macOS Big Sur, Apple has done away with the dedicated Notification Center icon on the Mac's menu bar. Instead, you must select the Date & Time indicator—a.k.a. the Clock icon—to open the Notification Center. You can also swipe in with two fingers from the right edge of a trackpad to bring it into view.
To close the Notification Center, just select any area outside of it. Alternatively, you can select the Date & Time indicator again or perform a two-finger swipe to the right on a trackpad.
Tip: You can also set the Notification Center as a hot corner on your Mac.
How to Use Notification Center
The new Notification Center is quite different—you don't have to switch between Today and Notification tabs as you did before. Instead, notifications are listed at the top, and widgets are located at the bottom. That makes interacting with them much easier.
There are multiple ways to deal with a notification—you can simply select one to open the email, message, reminder, etc., in the relevant app. Or, you can hover over it and select the arrow icon to the top-right corner to reveal additional options—for example, a notification from the Messages app will allow you to compose a reply from the Notification Center itself.
Some notifications are grouped—or stacked—by app or by type, and that helps cut down a lot of the clutter. Just select a stack to expand it. You can also dismiss any notification or notification stack by selecting the x-shaped icon on the top right corner.
Widgets, on the other hand, show a lot of detail upfront, but you can't interact with them directly. Instead, they're deep-linked to certain areas of the related apps. Selecting a specific episode on the Podcasts widget, for example, will load the appropriate page in the Podcasts app.
How to Mute/Unmute Notifications
If an app bugs you with a constant stream of notifications, you can mute it quickly. Just right-click a notification outside or inside the Notification Center and select Deliver Quietly.
Future notifications from the app will not show up on the desktop. Instead, they will arrive at the Notification Center directly, allowing you to deal with them whenever you want.
To unmute notifications, right-click a notification or notification stack from the same app within the Notification Center and select Deliver Prominently.
How to Activate Do Not Disturb
You can mute all notifications and have them delivered directly into the Notification Center by activating Do Not Disturb. To do that, just hold down the Control key and select the Date & Time indicator.
Or, open the Control Center on your Mac and select the Do Not Disturb icon. The Date & Time indicator should gray out to indicate that Do Not Disturb is active.
Additionally, you can set a Do Not Disturb schedule to kick in each day automatically. Go to System Preferences > Notifications and select Do Not Disturb on the side-bar. Then, check the box next to From: and specify the time period.
How to Disable/Enable Notifications
Aside from muting and unmuting notifications, you can completely turn off notifications for an application. Just right-click a notification outside or inside the Notification Center and select Turn Off.
To re-enable notifications for the program at a later time, open the Apple menu and go to System Preferences > Notifications. Then, select the app from the side-bar and turn on the switch next to Allow Notifications.
How to Change Notification Grouping
By default, the Notification Center groups together notifications automatically by app or by type. For example, you may see iMessage-related notifications grouped into a single stack, or you may see separate stacks for each conversation thread.
You can change how that works for each app by heading into System Preferences > Notifications. Then, select an app, bring up the menu next to Notification grouping, and select either of the options:
automatic: Default setting that group notifications by app or by type.
by app: Sorts notifications by app only.
off: Disables notification grouping for the app.
How to Add Widgets
By default, the Notification Center only features a handful of widgets such as Clock, Weather, and Calendar. You can add more widgets from both native and third-party apps by heading into the widgets gallery. To get there, scroll down to the bottom of the Notification Center and select Edit Widgets.
You can then flick through the various apps with widget support to the left of the gallery. Widget previews will show up in the center of the screen. Some widgets also come in multiple sizes—use the S, M, and L icons to switch between the small, medium, and large sizes. Then, select the Plus icon at the top-left of a widget preview to add it.
How to Rearrange Widgets
It's easy to rearrange the order of your widgets within the Notification Center. Just drag a widget up or down and release it in the location where you want it to stay. You can also have two smaller-sized widgets next to each other.
How to Customize Widgets
Some widgets in the Notification Center are directly customizable. For example, both the Clock and Weather widgets allow you to pick a location to display the correct time and weather-related information, respectively.
To customize a widget, just right-click a widget and select Edit [Widget Name]. Then, make the necessary modifications and select Done.
How to Resize Widgets
The Notification Center allows you to easily change the size of a widget even after you've finished adding it from the widgets gallery. Right-click the widget and select Small, Medium, or Large.
How to Remove Widgets
If you want to get rid of a widget from the Notification Center, just right-click it and select Remove Widget. You can also head into the widgets gallery and select the Delete icons on the Notification Center preview area to remove multiple widgets faster.
The Notification Center in macOS Big Sur is a significant upgrade from a usability perspective. Notifications look less cluttered, and widgets are aesthetically pleasing and more fun to play with. There's also a lot more when it comes to customizing widgets, in particular—go through our macOS Big Sur widgets customization guide for more details.
Dilum Senevirathne is a freelance tech writer and blogger with three years of experience writing for online technology publications. He specializes in topics related to iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and Google web apps. When he isn't hammering away at his Magic Keyboard, you can catch him binge-watching productivity hacks on YouTube. Read Dilum's Full Bio
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