text:
Prizes – lots of them»Book page»Knowledge Ecology International
Prizes – lots of them
This document has been replaced with a much longer paper: KEI Research Note 2008:1
PROMINENT INNOVATION PRIZES AND REWARD PROGRAMS
KEI Research Note 2007:X*
The following document describes prominent examples of innovation prizes and reward programs that have been implemented with the primary purpose of stimulating innovation. While the distinction is not black and white, this list includes ex ante prizes that specify in advance a desired outcome and a reward for obtaining it in order to incentivize innovation, and excludes ex post prizes that are, for example, primarily intended to honor achievement after the fact. Prizes are listed chronologically from earliest to latest as determined by the year in which the prize was initially offered.
1714 – Longitude Prize
In 1714, the British government offered the Longitude Prize for a method of accurately determining a ship's longitude. Prizes of 10, 15, and 20 thousand British pounds were offered for solutions of varying degrees of accuracy. John Harrison was awarded the top prize in 1773, and his system revolutionized navigation and maritime trade. Commentators have noted that methods for verifying a winner of the Longitude Prize were poorly specified, resulting in arguably unreasonable demands of proof that postponed Harrison's eventual payment by years. On the other hand, by leaving open eligible methods for solving the problem, the prize succeeded in promoting a surprising solution. Harrison's method utilized a chronometer, when most expected the winning method to involve improved star charts.
1721 – French Royal Academy Prize Questions
In 1721, the French Royal Academy of Sciences began offering regular scientific and mathematical "prize questions" and offering a Grand Prix medal for the best solution. While no cash prizes were awarded, the medals were potentially career-making honors and stimulated considerable research on the selected questions. Prize-winners included Maclaurin for his work in kinetics and Coulomb for work on magnetic compasses.
1775 – Alkali Prize
In 1775, King Louis XVI offered a prize of 2,400 livres to anyone who found a commercially viable artificial process for the production of alkali. Naturally occurring alkali was used in paper, soap, and glass production, but discovery of an artificial process in 1791 by Nicolas Leblanc enabled much greater production and launched the French chemical industry. Unfortunately for Leblanc, the French Revolution destroyed his alkali factory and prevented the King from giving Leblanc his award. Leblanc committed suicide in 1806, and it was not until 1855 that his heirs received the prize payment from the French government.
1795 – Napoleon's Food Preservation Prize
In 1795, Napoleon's Society for the Encouragement of Industry offered a 12,000 franc prize for a method of food preservation to help feed Napoleon's army. Nicolas Appert devised a solution using champagne bottles in 1809 and was awarded the prize in 1810 on the condition that he publish his methods. The discovery marked the beginning of the canning industry.
1820 – Montyon Prizes
In 1820, the French Royal Academy of Sciences began offering large monetary awards after a private donor established the Montyon Fund for prizes in medicine. The Montyon prizes were designated for solutions to pre-specified medical challenges, with reward amounts intended to be "proportional to the service" of the innovator. The Academy struggled with applicants' failure to disclose negative results, while some suggested that the Academy itself was corrupt as there was little transparency in awarding the prizes and un-awarded funds reverted to the Academy's coffers. Nonetheless, an unprecedented 283,000 francs in prizes were awarded between 1825 and 1842. In 1860, a young Louis Pasteur was awarded a Montyon prize for his work in physiology, and the winnings subsidized much of his subsequent groundbreaking research. In the mid-1800's, private contributions to the French Royal Academy lead to the establishment of dozens of additional monetary prizes. These included the Jecker Prize, established in 1851 "to accelerate the progress of organic chemistry" and the Breant Prize in 1858 offering 100,000 francs for a cure for cholera. Charles Friedel was among the winners of the Jecker Prize for his now famous Friedel-Crafts reaction. The main Breant Prize was never awarded, though it propelled more research on infectious diseases that was rewarded with subsidiary prizes. Pierre and Marie Curie received multiple prizes from the Academy between 1895 and 1906. The French Royal Academy gradually transitioned from offering prizes to grants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
1823 – Turbine Prize
In 1823 the French Society for the Encouragement of Industry offered a prize of 6,000 francs for the development of a large-scale commercial hydraulic turbine. The prize was won in 1827 by then 25 year-old Benoit Fourneyron. His turbine was placed in the public domain and was immediately implemented across Europe and helped to power the burgeoning New England textile industry.
1895 – Chicago Times-Herald Prize for Motors
In 1895, the Chicago Times-Herald offered a $5000 Prize for Motors to be awarded for the development of "practicable, self propelling road carriages," as determined by a 54-mile race. The winner was J. Frank Duryea. Even more than the prize money, the publicity generated did much to promote investment in automotive innovation.
1900 – Deutsche Prize
In 1900, Henry Deutsch de la Meurthe offered the Deutsche Prize of 100,000 francs for the development of an airship that could be flown on an 11km course around the Eiffel Tower in under 30 minutes. Alberto Santos-Dumont became an international sensation after being awarded the prize in 1901, despite exceeding the time limit by 40 seconds. After Santos-Dumont's success, the Brazilian government matched the prize money he received.
1903 – Deutsch-Archdeacon Prize
In 1903, French Aero Club members Earnest Archdeacon and Henry Deutsch de la Meurthe offered a prize of 50,000 francs to the first pilot to fly a heavier-than-air vehicle in a 1km circular course. Henry Farman won the prize in 1907, and went on to become a commercial airplane manufacturer.
1908 – Scientific American Prize
In 1908, the magazine Scientific American offered a prize of $2,500 to the first airplane in America to publicly fly for 1km. Glenn Curtiss won the prize the same year.
1909 – English Channel Crossing Prize
In 1909 the British Newspaper the Daily Mail offered the English Channel Crossing Prize of 1,000 pounds to the first pilot to fly an airplane 21 miles across the English Channel. Louis Bleriot won the prize the same year, and the French government supplemented his winnings with an additional 50,000 francs.
1909 – Rheims Airshow Prizes
Also in 1909, several prizes for speed, distance, and altitude were offered at the Rheims Airshow. Glenn Curtiss won two prizes for speed, including the Gordon Bennett Prize, and launched an airplane manufacturing business with his winnings.
1910 – Milan Committee Prize
In 1910, the Milan Committee offered a prize of 160,000 lire for the first pilot to fly a plane over the Alps between Switzerland and Italy. The prize was won the same year by Gorges Chavez, but his winning flight ended in a crash and the pilot died four days later.
1910 – Hearst Prize
Also in 1910, William Randolph Hearst Offered $50,000 to the first pilot to fly across the U.S. in under 30 days. Though there were some attempts, the prize expired in 1911 without a winner.
1913 – Daily Mail Tans-Atlantic Prize
In 1913 the Daily Mail offered the Trans-Atlantic Prize of 10,000 pounds to the first pilot to fly across the Atlantic within 72 hours. John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown won the prize after World War I in 1919.
1919 – Orteig Prize
In 1919, Raymond Orteig offered the $25,000 Orteig Prize for the first non-stop flight between New York and Paris. The prize offer expired in 1924 with no attempts before Orteig extended the deadline. By the time Charles Lindbergh won the prize in 1927 in his famous plane, the "Spirit of St. Louis," nine competitors had prepared to make the flight and three had already tried and failed. Lindberg's success sparked a boom in American interest in aviation, and inspired many subsequent prizes, including the Ansari X Prize 70 years later.
1931 – Soviet Committee for Invention
In 1931, the Soviet Union implemented a Committee for Invention offering payment for new inventions determined by a sliding percentage of the cost savings produced after three years of use. Non-monetary social privileges were also offered as rewards. The patent system was left in place, but application fees were high and patents were made less valuable by market controls. The amount of the rewards was increased in 1942 after innovation declined, but by most accounts the rewards remained too low to promote optimal levels of innovation. The system continued until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
1946 – U.S. Patent Compensation Board
In 1946, the U.S. Patent Compensation Board was established to provide an incentive for private innovations in atomic energy that were no longer eligible to be patented for security reasons. The Board considers the cost and usefulness of inventions in determining how much to reward inventors, but reward amounts have been criticized for being too low; Enrico Fermi received only $300,000 for his patented process for the production of radioactive isotopes. The Compensation Board remains in place today, but largely fails to stimulate private sector innovations in atomic energy.
1948 – Wolfskehl Prize
At his death in 1948, Paul Wolfskehl left 100,000 German marks as a prize for the first valid proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. While there had been previous attempts to prove the 300 year-old theorem, the Wolfskehl Prize increased the problem's profile. Andrew Wiles won the prize in 1997.
1958 – NASA Space Act Awards
In 1958, NASA established the Inventions and Contributions Board with the authority to offer Space Act awards of up to $100,000 for technological developments in aeronautics that contribute to NASA's goals. The program is still in place, and dozens of prizes have been awarded.
1959 – Feynman Prizes
In 1959, physicist Richard Feynman offered prizes of $1,000 for the development of the first motor less than 1/64th of an inch on every side, and for the first written text at 1/25,000th scale. William McLellan and Thomas Newman won the prizes in 1960 and 1985, respectively.
1959 – Kremer Prizes
Also in 1959, Henry Kremer offered a prize of 5,000 pounds for the development of a human powered flying machine. Paul McCready won the prize in 1977, after which Kremer offered several additional prizes for further advances in human-powered flight.
1980 – Fredkin Prize
In 1980, computer scientist Edward Fredkin offered a $100,000 prize for the first computer chess program to beat a reigning world chess champion. IBM's Deep Blue Chess team won the prize in 1996 when their machine defeated Gary Kasparov.
1990 – Loebner Prizes
In 1990, Hugh Loebner and the Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies offered the $100,000 Loebner Prize for the first computer to pass the "Turing Test" for artificial intelligence. The grand prize has not yet been won, but $2,000 prizes are awarded annually for the most significant advances in computer natural-language processing and artificial intelligence.
1991 – FCC Pioneer Preferences
In 1991, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) established the Pioneer Preference Program, offering a reward of preferential licensing (worth many millions of dollars) for the development of new spectrum-using communications services and technologies. Five companies received the reward before the program ended in 1997, and a sixth, Qualcomm, was granted the award for its development of digital wireless technology after a legal appeal.
1992 – Super Efficient Refrigerator Program
In 1992, 24 American utility companies created the Super Efficient Refrigerator Program (SERP) that offered a prize of up to $30 million for the development of a commercially viable CFC-free refrigerator that surpassed federal efficiency standards by at least 25%. Actual prize payment was to be awarded based on the number of units sold. While Whirlpool won the competition in 1994, exceeding the program's efficiency requirements, falling energy costs and delayed implementation of federal efficiency standards led to lower than expected sales and a lower prize payment.
1994 – Rockefeller Prize
In 1994, the Rockefeller Foundation offered a prize of $1 million for developing a low-cost highly accurate diagnostic test for gonorrhea or chlamydia that could be easily administered in the developing world. The prize expired in 1999 without a winner, and has been critiqued for being too small, too inflexible, and offered for too short a period of time.
1995 – Ansari X Prize
In 1995, the Ansari family sponsored the first X Prize. The X Prize was modeled after the Orteig Prize won by Lindbergh, and offered $10 million for the first private team to build and launch a spacecraft capable of carrying three people to an altitude of 100km twice within two weeks. Mojave Aerospace Ventures won the prize in 2004 with a spacecraft designed by Burt Rutan. The prize garnered significant media attention, and significantly raised the public profile of commercial spaceflight.
1996 – Forsight Institute Feynman Prizes
In 1996, the Foresight Institute announced the $250,000 Feynman Grand Prize to be awarded for two specified breakthroughs in nanotechnology. The Grand Prize has not yet been won, but in the meantime the Feynman Institute awards $20,000 annually for the most significant advancements in nanotechnology.
1997 – Budweiser Challenge
In 1997, Budweiser announced a $1 million prize, half of which would be donated to charity, for the first non-stop balloon flight around the globe. Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones won the prize in 1999 for meeting what was called the "last great aviation challenge of the century."
1997 – Cheap Access to Space Prize
In 1997, the Space Frontier Foundation and the Foundation for International Non-governmental Development of Space (FINDS) announced the $250,000 Cheap Access to Space (CATS) Prize for the first private team to launch a 2kg to an altitude of 200km. Two launches were made, but the prize expired in 2000 with no winner.
1999 – Cooperative Computing Awards
In 1999, the Electronic Frontier Foundation announced its Cooperative Computing Awards, offering a total of $550,000 in prizes for the discovery of very large prime numbers. The intent of the Awards is to encourage computer networking for the solution of complex computational problems. Nayan Hajratwala won $50,000 in 2000 for discovering a prime number with over 1 million digits with the help of tens of thousands of networked computer users. Prizes for 10 million digits, 100 million digits, and 1 billion digits have not yet been awarded.
2000 – Millennium Grand Challenge in Mathematics
In 2000, the Clay Mathematics Institute announced the Millennium Grand Challenge in Mathematics, offering a combined $7 million; $1 million each for a proof or counterexample to any of seven classical conjectures in mathematics. The prize announcement received considerable public attention. Grigori Perelman was confirmed to have solved one of the seven conjectures in 2006, but he declined the award.
2000 – Goldcorp Challenge
Also in 2000, the gold mining company Goldcorp introduced the Goldcorp Challenge: the company released all of its geological data on an underperforming Canadian mine, and offered $575,000 in prizes including a grand prize of $105,000 for the most accurate predictions of where to dig to find the most gold. Over 1,400 people participated from 50 countries, with 80% of 110 identified digging sites yielding significant quantities of gold. A partnership of two Australian companies using computer fractal technology won the grand prize in 2001.
2001 – Innocentive
The now independent company InnoCentive was founded by Eli Lilly in 2001 as a registry for scientific innovation prizes. Companies post specific scientific needs, a prize amount, and a deadline. The innovator providing the best solution is awarded the prize. To date, over 80 prizes have been awarded.
2003 – DARPA Grand Challenges
In 2003, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency announced the first DARPA Grand Challenge: $1 million for the first robotic vehicle to complete a course from California to Nevada in under 10 hours. Multiple teams competed for the prize in 2004, but none completed the course. A second Grand Challenge was held in 2005, with the Stanford Racing Team winning the $2 million prize. A third Grand Challenge is scheduled for November 2007 on a 60 mile simulated urban course, with a total of $3.5 million in prizes to be awarded.
2003 – Methuselah Mouse Prize
In 2003, the Methuselah Mouse Foundation announced a prize for the development of long-lived genetically engineered mice in order to promote longevity research. The foundation solicits private donations to increase the prize amount, which now stands at more than $4 million.
2004 – Project Bioshield
In 2004, the U.S. enacted Project Bioshield, which includes a provision for automatic government payment to procure newly developed "qualified countermeasures" against bioterrorism. By most accounts, the program has done a poor job of stimulating private R&D on bioterror countermeasures.
2004 – NASA Centennial Challenges
In 2004, NASA announced the first in a series of Centennial Challenges, initially offering prizes from $50,000 to $250,000 for private sector development of specific technologies to advance space exploration. To date, six Challenges have been announced, two have expired with no winner, and five additional Challenges are scheduled to be announced in 2007. Current Challenges include the $2 million Lunar Lander Challenge.
2005 – Medical Innovation Prize Act
In 2005, former Congressman Bernie Sanders introduced a bill, the Medical Innovation Prize Act of 2005, that called for devoting .5% of U.S. GDP annually to be paid to the developers of new pharmaceuticals in lieu of standard patent market exclusivity. New drugs would be open to generic competition as soon as they received FDA approval, with prize payments from over a ten year period serving as an alternative incentive for private innovation. The Act called for prize payments to be linked to the incremental medical benefit provided by a new product, meaning that the fund would be dived between the developers of new drugs on the basis of the relative medical utility of their products. The intent of the bill was "to provide incentives for the investment in research and development for new medicines" and to "enhance access to new medicines."
2005 – Grainger Challenges
In 2005, the National Academy of Engineering announced the first in a planned series of Grainger Challenges, offering a $1 million first prize and $200 and $100 thousand second and third prizes for the development of economical filtration devices for the removal or arsenic from well water in developing countries. Over 70 entries were submitted, and Abul Hussan was announced the winner in 2007 for his SONO filter that has already been implemented to provide safe drinking water to 400,000 people.
2006 – Archon X Prize for Genomics
In 2006, the X Prize foundation announced the Archon X Prize for Genomics, offering $10 million for reaching targets for high speed and low cost in full genome sequencing.
2006 – Netflix Prize
In 2006, Netflix offered a prize of $1 million for a system to more accurately predict consumer preferences; specifically for a 10% improvement over Netflix's current accuracy in predicting whether a customer will like a movie given previous selections.
2006 – Ibrahim African Leadership Prize
In 2006, businessman Mo Ibrahim announced a $5 million annual award for a former African head of state who has ceded power after significantly contributing to the welfare of his or her constituents. The prize is intended to reduce corruption as well as promote effective development strategies.
2007 – Virgin Earth Challenge
In 2007, Sir Richard Branson and former U.S. Vice President Al Gore announced the $25 million Virgin Earth Challenge for "a commercially viable design which results in the removal of anthropogenic, atmospheric greenhouse gases so as to contribute materially to the stability of Earth's climate." In announcing the prize, Branson cited inspiration from previous innovation prizes, including the Longitude Prize, French prizes for alkali and canning, and 20th century prizes for automobiles and aviation.
2007 – Pneumococcal Vaccine Advance Market Commitment
Later in 2007, Canada, Italy, Norway, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation announced a $1.5 billion "Advanced Market Commitment" or AMC for pneumococcal vaccines. The AMC specifies requirements for new pneumococcal vaccines and pledges $1.5 billion to heavily subsidize the purchase of eligible vaccines for use in developing countries, in effect offering a prize for the development and delivery of effective vaccines. Backers suggest the AMC will speed delivery of vaccine to developing countries by 10 years and save the lives of 5.4 million children by 2030.
2007 – CISCO I-Prize
According to the CISCO October 31, 2007 press release, th – In conjunction with the opening of Cisco's Globalisation Centre East in Bangalore, India, Cisco® today announced the
the Cisco I-Prize is "a competition open to entrepreneurs and innovators around the world [that] aims to bring together global teams to develop technology business ideas using Cisco's collaboration technologies and to run those ideas through Cisco's process for identifying emerging technologies to take to market. The winning team may have the opportunity to join Cisco as founders of a new emerging technology business unit. Depending on the value of the idea, Cisco may also invest up to $10 million over three years to fund the new business unit."
* This is an expansion of Benjamin Krohmal's earlier research note, Prominent Innovation Prizes and Reward Programs, KEI Research Note 2007:2, March 1, 2007.
Barner, K. (1997). "Paul Wolfskehl and the Wolfskehl Prize." Notice of the AMS. 44:10 1294-1303.
Boyle, A. June 16, 2004. "How Prizes Pushed Progress: Rewards provided incentive to inventors, adventurers." MSNBC. See: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5191763/ (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
Crosland, M. and Galvez, A. (1989). "The Emergence of Research Grants within the Prize System of the French Academy of Sciences, 1795-1914." 19 Social Studies of Science 71.
Crouch, T. (1998). "Breitling Orbiter 3." Aircraft of the Smithsonian. See: http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/aero/aircraft/breitling.htm
(accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
"DARPA Grand Challenge." DARPA. See:
http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/index.asp
"DARPA Grand Challenge." Wikipedia. See:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA_Grand_Challenge
Davidian, K. (2005). "Prize Competitions and NASA's Centennial Challenges Program," submission to the International Lunar Canference.
Davis, L. and Davis, J. (2004). "How Effective Are Prizes as Incentives to Innovation? Evidence from Three 20th Century Contests." Paper for the Druid Summer Conference on Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development. Elsinore, Denmark.
Electronic Frontier Foundation. "Cooperative Computing Awards." See: http://www.eff.org/awards/coop.php (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
"Five nations and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launch Advance Market Commitment for vaccines to combat deadly disease in poor nations." Advance Marked Commitments for Vaccines. See: http://www.vaccineamc.org/launch_event_01.html (accessed Feb. 12, 2007).
Fusco, P. June 12, 2000. "FCC Grants QUALCOMM Pioneer Preference." Internetnews.com. See: http://www.internetnews.com/xSP/article.php/392251 (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
Gill, K. (2004). "The Chicago Times-Herald Race of 1895." Encyclopedia of Chicago. See: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2380.html (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
Innocentive. See: http://www.innocentive.com/ (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
Jaffe, A. (2006). The Millennium Grand Challenge in Mathematics. Notices of the American Mathematical Society 53:6 652-660.
Leonhardt, D. Jan. 31, 2007. "You Want Innovation? Offer a Prize." New York Times, Business Section. See: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/31/business/31leonhardt.html?ex=1327899600&en=4aca8bec1f9a18d3&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
Masters, W. (2006). "Prizes for Innovation in African Agriculture: A Framework Document." See: http://www.earth.columbia.edu/cgsd/documents/Prizes-FrameworkDocument-RevAug13.pdf (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
"NASA Space Act Monetary Awards Program for Significant Scientific and Technical Contributions." NASA. See:
http://tco.gsfc.nasa.gov/awards-info-NASA.html#spaceact (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
"NASA's Centennial Challenges." NASA. See:
http://exploration.nasa.gov/centennialchallenge/cc_index.html
Newell, G. and Wilson, N. (2005). "Technology Prizes for Climate Change Mitigation," Resources for the Future Discussion Paper.
O'Brien, M. March 23, 1999. "Prize Money Propels Record-quests." CNN Downlinks with Miles O'Brien. See: http://www.cnn.com/TECH/space/9903/23/downlinks/ (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
"Orteig Prize." Wikipedia. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orteig_Prize (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
"The Prize." Feb. 20, 1994. New York Times, Health Section. See:
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=950CE5D91338F933A15751C0A962958260 (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
Reti, L. (1965). "A Postscript to the Filarete Discussion on Horizontal Waterwheels and Smelter Blowers in the Writings of Leonardo da Vinci and Juanelo Turriano." Technology and Culture, Vol. 6, No. 3 (Summer, 1965), pp. 428-441.
Shavell, S. and van Ypersele, T. (2001). "Rewards versus Rights." Journal of Law and Economics. 44: 525-547.
"Sir Richard Branson and Al Gore Announce The Virgin Earth Challenge: A $25 million Global Science and Technology Prize." Earth Challenge. See: http://www.virginearth.com/ (accessed Feb. 12, 2007).
Sobel, D. (1995). Longitude: the True Story of a Lone Genius who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of his Time. (New York: Walker).
Space Frontier Foundation. "The Cheap Access to Space (CATS) Prize." See: http://www.space-frontier.org/Projects/CatsPrize/
Tapscott, D. and Williams, A. Feb. 1, 2007. "Innovation in the Age of Mass Collaboration." BusinessWeek.com. See: http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/feb2007/id20070201_774736.htm (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
"Those Fabulous and Foolhardy Flyers II." The Unmuseum. See: http://www.unmuseum.org/flyers2.htm (accessed Feb. 2, 2007).
Wei, M. (2007). "Should Prizes Replace Patents? A Critique of the Medical Innovation Prize Act of 2005." Boston University Journal of Science and Technology Law (working paper).
Weiss, R. Feb. 2, 2007. "GMU Teacher's Ingenuity Nets $1 Million Prize." Washington Post. B1. See:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/01/AR2007020101874.html (accessed Feb. 3, 2007)
Knowledge Ecology International»Book page»Prizes – lots of them


CSS Corp, a new age IT services and technology support company, has been included in the March 28, 2017 report by Forrester: "Vendor Landscape: Cloud Migration Services, which covers a robust market for services that has evolved to suit all preferences. We think this analysis should benefit both customers and partners who increasingly need to choose cloud experts to partner with, in their journey ahead.
Forrester's report provides a view of 30+ vendors and recognizes key players with advanced cloud expertise that help enterprises in seamless transitioning to the cloud. It talks about how high-profile companies have large scale plans for migration, and how important it is to choose the right service provider with the right set of capabilities.
"We are delighted at being recognized by Forrester for our capabilities in the cloud migration segment. Our cloud experts work extremely hard to provide world-class cloud migration and management solutions to our customers as they embark on their digital transformation journey. We work with several companies that are disruptors in their respective industries, and believe innovation is key to digital transformation" said Manish Tandon, Chief Executive Officer, CSS Corp.
"We believe this recognition is also a great news for our customers who now have yet another reassurance that they have chosen the right partner to help them with their cloud adoption journey" said Sunil Mittal, EVP and Head of Sales and Marketing at CSS Corp.
* CloudMAP – Automated cloud migration assessment and planning for a specific business process or enterprise workload. Reduces migration planning time by at least 40%.
* CloudPATH - Simplified, industrialized and predictable method of migrating enterprise workload through re-factoring, re-platforming and live workload migration. Improves success rate of migration by 30-60%.
* CloudDRIVE – Operational readiness from day 1 in the cloud using Next-gen predictive operations and automation platform for continuous optimization. Saves cloud spend by 20-25%.
These industry-leading technology capabilities have resulted in accelerated digital transformation for CSS Corp's clients. Enterprise customers who look for business application-focused migration are especially benefitted through CSS Corp's continuous planning, industrialized migration and integrated operations.


text:
This is a demo app to generate call log record against an account.

It is useful for creating call log records in sandbox accounts to perform call log API calls.

## Prerequisites

You will need the following to run this program:

1. Java 1.7+

To check your version of Java run the following:

```bash
# java -version
```

## Usage

Use the following steps:

1. Download the release JAR
1. Download and edit the `config.properties` file
1. Run the program using Java

For example:

```bash
# Download the app JAR
wget https://github.com/vyshakhbabji/RINGCENTRAL-Call-log-record-generator-app/releases/download/0.0.1/Call-Log-Generator.jar

# Download the sample config file
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vyshakhbabji/RINGCENTRAL-Call-log-record-generator-app/master/config-sample.properties -O config.properties

# Edit the config.properties file
vi config.properties

# Run the program and create RingOut calls
java -jar Call-Log-Generator.jar
```

If you have multiple versions of Java, replace the `java` command above with the following:

```bash
# Get your Java versions
/usr/libexec/java_home -V

# Run the program and create RingOut calls with your Java version added below
/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8.0_60 --exec java -jar Call-Log-Generator.jar
```

## License

RINGCENTRAL call log record generator is available under an MIT-style license. See [LICENSE.md](LICENSE.md) for details.

RINGCENTRAL call log record generator © Vyshakh Babji

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Drama played out on Tuesday as some senators walked the Minister of State for Labour and Employment, Mr Festus Keyamo, out of a meeting. « Emperornaij
NEWS | FREE BEAT | DJ MIX | OTHERS | SPORTS |
Comedy/Funny Videos Trending Songs Podcast Contact Us
« About 81 person killed in protest of a popular singer death | The Federal High Court in Abuja on Monday struck out a suit seeking to disqualify the Edo State Governor, Godwin Obaseki, from contesting the forthcoming governorship election in the state for allegedly forging his university certificate. »
Drama played out on Tuesday as some senators walked the Minister of State for Labour and Employment, Mr Festus Keyamo, out of a meeting.
Published by Olamide on June 30th, 2020.
The lawmakers had invited Keyamo to give details of the Special Public Works Programme where 774,000 people would be recruited by the Federal Government under the National Directorate of Employment (NDE).
During the meeting which was held at the National Assembly in Abuja, members of the Senate and House of Representatives Joint Committee on Labour sought to find out the method of selection of a 20-man committee from each state for the programme.
However, a heated argument erupted between committee members and Keyamo over who should helm the programme which was to be domiciled under the NDE.
As the rowdy session ensued, the committee decided to go into a closed-door session to discuss the matter, but the minister refused, insisting that the further discussions be held in the presence of journalists.
This enraged the lawmakers who told Keyamo to apologise to the committee, but he ignored them.
Thereafter, the minister was asked to leave the meeting since he refused to apologise to the committee members.
The lawmakers claimed that Keyamo has no right to direct the committee on how to conduct its proceedings.
This comes a day after the minster inaugurated the 20-member committees in 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) by virtual means.
According to him, 1,000 persons would be selected from each of the 774 local government areas in the country to be engaged by the government in the Special Public Works Programme.
The Implications Of Youths Intervention; A Call For Leadership Reorientation In Nigeria Politics
ABUSIVE POLITICAL OFFICIALS AND THEIR FAILURE IN ENSURING ACCOUNTABILITY.. NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY
Nigerian leaders have failed, says Ortom
Nigerians 'Tempted To Agree' With Shekau As He Condemns Kano's Anti-Blasphemy Judgment
Don't waste Lagos funds on Edo, Ondo elections, PDP warns Sanwo-Olu
Copyright © 2019 | Emperornaij
Website Designed By Max @ 08140360933
Emperornaij Privacy Policy
Powered by Como

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Build Garden Structures in Your Backyard I have long wanted to know how to build a pergola in my backyard. Finish the celebration or the season with our high-quality outdoor furnishings covers, a viable and straightforward solution to hold dirt and debris off your backyard furniture so it stays hunting flawless season right after season. Cardboard barrels come in many sizes, and are most likely to be identified at places that stock bulk meals or at some army surplus shops. So, if cleaning those patio furniture cushions isn't operating, at least there are other choices available online. The ideal choice is wicker outdoor furnishings The subtle curves will produce the romantic and modern day region for your little corner.
When you are thinking about decorating tips for your deck, patio, or other outdoor living regions, choose things you like. Modest balcony with rainbow will make you feel the exciting even though sitting each and every afternoon in the outdoor space. Created of weather resistant resin wicker, it involves truly massive, added comfy all weather cushions and a steel stand. All weather outside wicker chairs, benches, sofa sets and other items are particularly resilient. I've been searching for just the proper patio furnishings but haven't lucked out yet.
For a more thorough and in-depth general cleaning, or to lessen persistent stain buildup, it is less difficult to spot clean the fabric using lukewarm water and a mild or all-natural soap like Dreft, Ivory Snow, or Woolite. This lens will offer details about decorating the master bedroom, outdoor locations, making a Tuscan residence bar, working with accessories to compliment your Tuscany ambiance, how to decorate inexpensively and how to host a Tuscan dinner celebration.
In order to maintain the wooden furnishings it is significant to spend regard to maintenance guidance that is carried out obtainable with each single obtain. I have not however thought of stair treads, it looks really impressive and I may as nicely put it. Great tips on the outside stair treads. This Hard Top Gazebo with Glass Counters by GRILL COVER is a heavier and far more permanent building than the fabric canopied style. It is unlikely to treat the furnishings as a central point, unless your garden is very bare.
Red Star Macalline Brand Furniture is positioned opposite Fortune Hotel is also a common choice with foreigner. When generating pallet furnishings you will typically need to have to remove some of the slats, replace broken ones or take it apart completely for far more complicated projects, even though it can be done with a hammer and pry bar you will frequently finish up damaging the wood in the pallet. With correct arranging and reallocation of sources, getting you and your loved ones the very best outside furniture set is not a dilemma. The lifetime of outside wooden furnishings is changed by disclosure to the components.
This entry was posted in Outdoor Furniture and tagged convertible, outdoor, table. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
"We are developing hydrogen-based solutions for both commercial/industrial applications and fuel cell electric vehicles."
By the year 2025, car manufacturers have committed to selling 3.8 million fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs) in North America. These are vehicles with an electric motor that do not create any emissions except for water vapor, but unlike so-called plug-in electric cars (PEVs), they do not have a battery and do not require long charge times. The electricity is instead generated on-board through a fuel cell that is powered by hydrogen. FCEVs are already offered by many manufacturers, such as Toyota, Honda or Mercedes-Benz.
FCEVs are quiet, accelerator-friendly vehicles that not only do not produce any emissions, but also require less maintenance than conventional gasoline-powered cars. Instead of needing to be charged for hours, they are fueled within minutes with hydrogen, offering a range comparable to conventional cars. However, up to now we were faced with a chicken-or-egg problem: Due to the high costs of building the hydrogen infrastructure there were not many fuel stations around, which means that there were not many cars on the road, which means there was not enough demand that would support additional stations…
Enter HydrogeNXT! We have developed patented technology and processes that let us build a network of stations with the distributed production of hydrogen from biogas using small-scale steam methane reformers. Our leading-edge technology converts methane, a greenhouse gas that significantly contributes to climate change, into hydrogen for FCEVs. In the process we reduce the carbon content of the methane so that drivers not only help the environment when they are driving their cars, but also when they fuel up at a HydrogeNXT station!
Our station design requires less capital investment for the smaller hydrogen volumes initially needed in the transition phase to a hydrogen economy. As the stations are scalable, we will be able to efficiently match fuel capacity with demand as more consumers are driving FCEVs. Distributed hydrogen production also eliminates the need for an extensive hydrogen delivery infrastructure.
As part of our customer offer, we have also developed an app that consumers can download on their smartphones to locate stations and reserve hydrogen fuel for their vehicles. This is our way to ensure that our customers will never run out of fuel and get stranded on the side of the road. We are committed to providing consumers with access to a safe, clean, reliable and affordable source of hydrogen fuel for their vehicles so that they can go without worries wherever their daily lives take them.
<< Why We Do It
How We Do It >>
Written by Hydrogen XT Admin


text:
Category: Announcements
29 Jun-1 Jul 2015 Training Meeting on Radiation, Health, and Society: Radiation Leading Education Change after Fukushima
Fukushima Medical University (FMU) held Training Meeting on Radiation, Health, and Society: Radiation leading Education Change after Fukushima in collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from 29 June through 1 July 2015.
The objective of this meeting was to support and enhance radiation medicine education by building the capacity of health professionals and medical students to address radiation anxiety and public awareness by using information and resources gathered and developed in 2013-2014.
Chaired by Dr. May Abdel-Wahab and Mr. Uwe Scholz from the IAEA, with the participation of FMU faculty and specialists from around the world, this meeting addressed the implementation of STS (Science, Technology, and Society) curricula at FMU.
The presenters included FMU Profs. Akira Ohtsuru and Arifumi Hasegawa, A/Profs. Michio Murakami and Atsushi Kumagai, as well as Nagasaki University's Prof. Naoki Matsuda. Following the presentations, A/Prof. Kathy Hibbert from the University of Western Ontario and Prof. Penelope Engel-Hills from Cape Peninsula University of Technology, experts in the fields of education and curriculum development, ran a "Train the Trainers" workshop about STS curricula for health professionals. The STS Handbook and STS training package including training materials and instruction manuals developed by the experts will be useful tools for FMU to implement and integrate STS curriculum into general medical curricula.
22-26 Jun 2015 Train the Trainers Workshop on Medical Physics Support for Nuclear or Radiological Emergencies
An innovative "Train the Trainers Workshop on Medical Physics Support for Nuclear or Radiological Emergencies" was held at Fukushima Medical University (FMU) from 22 to 26 June 2015 as one of the cooperation projects between FMU and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 21 trainees from 17 countries (including Japan) participated in this workshop, together with 5 lecturers from Sweden, the UK, Germany, Malaysia, and Austria, and 3 members of the IAEA staff. Lecturers from the National Institute of Radiological Science, Japan (NIRS) and FMU also participated. Moreover, 3 exchange students from the UK and the US joined this event in the last three days of the workshop.
(Background)
As medical physicists are not routinely involved in Nuclear or Radiological Emergency (NRE) situations, they might lack some of the specific knowledge and skills that are required in such situations, especially if such topics are not part of their training programme. To address this, the IAEA, in consultation with the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP), and the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), developed a specific training package to help prepare medical physicists to support NRE situations. The training package was developed with the kind support of the Government of Japan and in collaboration with FMU and the NIRS.
This project was implemented under the memorandum between IAEA and Fukushima Prefecture, which was signed in December, 2012.
(Objective of the Workshop)
The objective of the workshop was to provide the participants with a good understanding of their potential complementary roles in Nuclear or Radiological Emergency (NRE) situations, and to prepare them to contribute effectively to support the response to an NRE situation as identified in emergency preparedness plans. The participants are also expected to contribute to the training of other health care professionals in the response to NRE situations.
This workshop will also introduce the participants to a multidisciplinary team approach in dealing with NRE situations.
(Structure of the Workshop)
This five day workshop consisted of lectures, demonstrations, simulation, role playing, and practical sessions followed by discussions with the workshop participants. The topics to be covered include the following 14 Modules:
Module 1: Introduction
Module 2: Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies
Module 3: Radiation Measurements and Instrumentation
Module 4: Dose Assessment and Dose Reconstruction
Module 5: Monitoring and Decontamination of People – Scene and RMU
Module 6: Monitoring and Decontamination of People – Hospital
Module 7: Large Area Surveys – Monitoring of Food and Water
Module 8: Biological Effects of Radiation – Cell and Tissue Effects
Module 9: Biological Effects of Radiation – Stochastic Effects
Module 10: Protection Strategies for the Public
Module 11: Protection Strategies for Workers
Module 12: Medical Management
Module 13: Psychosocial Effects and Impacts on Mental Health
Module 14: Effective Risk Communication
Related handbook
Handbook 950.55 KB
(Results)
Effectiveness of the workshop
Test results, before and after the workshop, indicated that the workshop brought about a very significant improvement of participants' knowledge regarding the role of the Medical Physicist in Nuclear or Radiological Emergencies (NRE). The average grade in the after-workshop test was 61.84%. Compared to the average grade of 46.98% in the pre-workshop test, this improvement is considered to be extremely statistically significant by conventional criteria (The two-tailed P value equals 0.0005). Further analysis of test results showed a clear improvement (P<0.05) of participants' knowledge in the domain of "Monitoring and Decontamination of People" after the workshop.
In the relevant survey, more than 85% of participants provided positive opinions on the various aspects of the workshop, related to the length and content of the modules, as well as the organizational aspects of the workshop.
Click on graph to enlarge.
The survey identified some suggestions coming from the participants that could improve the content of the workshop. More specifically, participants proposed to increase the time allocated for:
Monitoring and decontamination
Radiological emergency training
Practical sessions
Participants also proposed that overlap among modules and length of some presentations could be reduced.
IAEA's report of this workshop, and access to their online learning platform, can be viewed at:
https://nucleus.iaea.org/HHW/MedicalPhysics/TrainingEvents/FukushimaJune2015/index.html
Presentations by FMU's Prof. Kenneth Nollet are structured differently from the usual IAEA format, so they are available here for personal scholarship and non-commercial educational activities in accordance with "fair use" copyright and other applicable laws:
2015-06-23 IAEA Medical Physics - FMU Virtual Tour 3.83 MB
2015-06-25 IAEA Medical Physics - Fukushima Health Management Survey 4.34 MB
(Summary)
Participants acquired skills and knowledge necessary to contribute effectively to the response to an NRE situation as identified in emergency preparedness plans. They now have a better understanding of their potential roles in NRE situations and are in a position to contribute to the training of others in the response to NRE situations. In 2016, another workshop for medical physicists is scheduled to be held in the United States as part of the same training initiative.
2-3 Jun 2015 Second Asian Workshop on the Ethical Dimensions of the System of Radiological Protection
Second Asian Workshop on the Ethical Dimensions of the System of Radiological Protection was held at Fukushima Medical University on 2-3 June 2015. About 50 experts, residents and students participated in this workshop.
On the first day, first of all, Dr. Chieko KURIHARA from the National Institute of Radiological Science lectured on "State of current reflections of ICRP Task Group 94 on the ethics of radiological protection". Her slides are here.
Subsequently, 9 experts made their presentations. Slides are available by clicking on the underlined title.
1. A line dividing people's life. Ryoko ANDO, Ethos in Fukushima, Japan
20150602-3_ANDO.pdf 1.59 MB
2. The relationship among stakeholders-experts, communicators, mediators, etc. in radiological protection: comparison with the existing public health service system in Japan. Makoto MIYAZAKI, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
20150602-3_MIYAZAKI.pdf 974.05 KB
3. Ethical considerations on the empowerment of people affected by contamination after a nuclear accident. François ROLLINGER, IRSN, France
20150602-3_ROLLINGER.pdf 1.01 MB
4. Deontological approaches to the ethics of radiological protection during the post-nuclear accident phase. Michio MIYASAKA, Niigata University, Japan
20150602-3_MIYASAKA.pdf 36.91 MB
5. An ethical dimension to sustainable restoration and long-term management of contaminated areas. Deborah OUGHTON. Norwegian University of Life Science, Oslo, Norway
20150602-3_OUGHTON.pdf 1.83 MB
6. A role for medical professionals during a radiation disaster: effective risk communication. Atsushi KUMAGAI, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
20150602-3_KUMAGAI.pdf 2.56 MB
7. Implementing ethics in radiological protection decision making: application to post-accident situations: Nicole MARTINEZ, Clemson University, USA
20150602-3_MARTINEZ.pdf 1.24 MB
8. Paradigm shift? Post-Fukushima radiological protection in nuclear countries. Kathleen ARAÚJO, Stony Brook University, USA
20150602-3_ARAUJO.pdf 420.41 KB
9. Some ethical reflections on risk assessment in post-nuclear accident situations: Gaston MESKENS, SCK-CEN, Belgium
20150602-3_MESKENS.pdf 904.48 KB
After 9 presentations, the participants in 4 breakout groups discussed ethical aspects of radiological disasters and their aftermath.
On the second day, the participants continued discussing ethics in 4 breakout groups. In the afternoon, the participants got together in one room and nominees from each breakout group reported their groups' conclusions. Participants discussed the outcome of each group.
The chairman, Mr. Chris Clement, Scientific Secretary of ICRP decided that the conclusion paper would be made by some participants based on the discussions and be released.
1-2 Jun 2015 FMU experts dispatched to United Nations (UNSCEAR and IAEA) in Vienna, Austria
FMU professors Seiji YASUMURA, Masaharu MAEDA, and Kenneth NOLLET spoke at a special seminar held in conjunction with the 62nd session of UNSCEAR. UNSCEAR is the United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of Atomic Radiation. As usual, UNSCEAR delegates from around the world came to the UN's Vienna International Center (VIC) for their deliberations. This special seminar with FMU keynote speakers was the first of its kind to be convened during an UNSCEAR session. A full room of UNSCEAR delegates and UN staff attended.
Shown above, from left to right: Professor YASUMURA introduced the Fukushima Health Management Survey, highlighting general changes in the health status of Fukushima residents over the past 4 years. Professor MAEDA spoke specifically about the psychological consequences of Fukushima's earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear crisis. Professor NOLLET presented the latest results of thyroid ultrasound screening for those who were 18 years old or younger at the time of the nuclear accident, and those born in the year that followed. The session was chaired by Professor Wolfgang WEISS, who heads the Department of Radiation Protection and Health at Germany's Federal Office for Radiation Protection.
Access these PowerPoint presentations by clicking on the links below.
Seiji Yasumura, MD, PhD: The Fukushima Health Management Survey.
150602 UNSCEAR_Yasumura_Slides.pdf 2.87 MB
Kenneth E. Nollet, MD, PhD: Thyroid Ultrasound Examination Results.
2015-06-02 FHMS-Thyroid for UNSCEAR.pdf 13.06 MB
Masaharu Maeda, MD, PhD: Psychological Consequences of the Disaster.
150602 UNSCEAR_ Maeda_Slides.pdf 2.39 MB
Before and after the UNSCEAR event, FMU experts met with leaders and liaisons from IAEA, the International Atomic Energy Agency, also based in Vienna.
Shown above, Mr. Thanos GIANNAKOPOULOS, Acting Head of the IAEA Library, receives a copy of Fukushima: Lives on the Line from Prof. YASUMURA. In attendance are (left to right) members of the IAEA Library staff, FMU professors, and IAEA Division of Human Health Director Dr. May ABDEL-WAHAB and STS Consultant Mr. Uwe SCHOLZ. Meetings between FMU and IAEA Division of Human Health on June 1 and 2 were held to discuss joint projects in professional education.
1 Jun 2015 5th ICRP Seminar Convened
The ICRP Lecture series started upon signing of the Memorandum of Understandings by FMU and ICRP on February 19 of 2014. On June 1 2015, the 5th ICRP Lecture was given by Professor Michiaki KAI, the ICRP Committee 4 member and Professor at Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences.
The title of his talk was "Radiation Protection of people living in the land affected by the nuclear accident – the ICRP approach". The ICRP approach aims to protect people from deterministic effects of radiation and to reduce stochastic effects as much as reasonably achievable. For the former, measures have to be taken not to exceed threshold doses while for the former, while for the latter, measures are to reduce the risk, but making the risk to zero is impossible for stochastic effects. The ICRP system of radiation protection recognizes three categories of exposure situations such as planned exposure situation, emergency exposure situation and existing exposure situation. Dr. Kai explained why the approach of radiation protection has to be different by exposure situation. The situation people are put up with in the land affected by nuclear accident is extremely complex and all dimensions of people's everyday life have to be taken into consideration if radiation protection to be effective. For example, the loss of self-control by people on their everyday life in the affected land inevitably leads to loss of pride and dignity. In relation to this problem, self-help action of people becomes vitally important for them to regain control of their own life. Rationales behind the ICRP system of radiation protection are discussed for the existing exposure situation of people living in the affected land.
Presentation material of Professor Kai's lecture are here.
20150601 KAI_ICRP.pptx 1.00 MB


Edited by Cay Sophie Rabinowitz and Selva Barni, Fantom is a photographic quarterly that focuses on photography and visual artists who use photography. Visual content is contextualized with conversations between artists and photographers, and interviews and texts by respected critics and writers. Issue 5 contains a preview of Mark Morrisroe's rediscovered portraits; an essay on British artist Steven Pippin by Walter Guadagnini; and the 1959 Sicilian journey of artist and designer Piero Fornasetti and his wife Giulia. Guido Guidi appears in conversation with Luca Nostri, and gallerist Baron Osuna (of Super Window Project, Kyoto) with Takashi Suzuki. Also included are portfolios of new works by Gareth McConnell, Jorma Puranen, Miriam Bohm, Moni Joshi and Ena Swansea; for the 'Reportage' section, Daniele Dainelli examines rural China.


There has been much publicity and a certain amount of unfavourable comment about measures recently taken by President Sarkozy's government in France to deport to deport large numbers of Romas living in France back to their native countries, Romania and Bulgaria. French government spokesmen have claimed that these measures are legal within the EU and that the Roma concerned have agreed voluntarily to return to their own countries and have accepted cash handouts as inducements to return.
2	The claim that these are voluntary repatriations is inevitably to be treated with scepticism. It is clear that any attempt to remove large numbers of people en masse without consideration of individual cases is unlawful. The basic United Kingdom law on removal between Member States and other aspects of the rights of citizens to move freely between Member States is contained within a statutory instrument, The Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations 2006 (SI 2006 No. 1003) – referred to in this paper as the EEA Regulations - which gives effect in the UK to EU Directive 2004/38/EC, usually referred to as the Citizens' Directive. Immigration Rules made under section 3(2) of the Immigration Act 1971 regulate the entry into and stay in the United Kingdom of persons required by that Act to have leave to enter. Since citizens of EEA states do not require leave to enter the Immigration Rules do not apply to them and all matters relating to their entry into or stay in the United Kingdom are governed by the EEA Regulations. The European Economic Area includes all Member States of the European Union as well as Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein.
3	Regulation 11 sets out conditions for the right of admission and provides that any EEA national must be admitted to the United Kingdom if he produces on arrival a valid national identity card or passport issued by an EEA state. That Regulation provides also that people who are not EEA nationals but are family members of EEA nationals must be admitted provided that they produce on arrival a valid passport and an EEA family permit or residence card.
4	Regulation 13 provides that an EEA national is entitled to reside in the United Kingdom for three months provided that he holds a valid national identity card or passport issued by an EEA State. A family member of such a national who is residing in the UK in accordance with Regulation 13 is entitled to reside in the UK. This provision of the Regulation does not refer to a three month limitation, as the family member's right to reside lasts only for so long as the EEA national resides and the period may be less than three months. The right of residence conferred by Regulation 13 ceases if the EEA national or family member becomes an unreasonable burden on the social assistance system of the UK or becomes liable to removal under Regulation 19(3)(b), explained in paragraph 7 below.
5	Regulation 14 gives an extended right of residence to any "qualified person", defined by Regulation 6 as a jobseeker, worker, self-employed person, self-sufficient person or student. This Regulation is subject to Regulation 19(3)(b) explained in paragraph 7 below.
a person who has resided in the UK for a continuous period of five years and was at the end of that period a family member who retained the right of residence.
Once acquired, the right of residence may be lost only by absence from the UK for a period exceeding two consecutive years. This Regulation is also subject to Regulation 19(3)(b), explained in paragraph 7 below.
7	Regulation 19(1) provides that a person who would otherwise be eligible to be admitted to the UK as an EEA national under Regulation 11 may be refused admission if his exclusion is justified on grounds of public policy, public security or public health. Regulation 19(3)(b) states hat a person may be removed if he would otherwise be entitled to reside in the UK but the Home Secretary has decided that his removal is justified on grounds of public policy, public security or public health. As already noted, this provision qualifies the rights of residence conferred by Regulations 13, 14 and 15.
When a decision is taken on grounds of public policy or public security it must observe the principle of proportionality.
The decision must be based exclusively on the personal conduct of the person concerned. Such conduct must represent a genuine, present and sufficiently serious threat affecting one of the fundamental interests of society.
The decision must take account of the person's age, state of health, family and economic situation, length of residence in the United Kingdom, integration into the society of the UK and extent of the person's links with his country of origin. These are similar to the matters required to be taken into account by Paragraph 395B of the Immigration Rules when considering administrative removal of persons subject to those Rules.
Decisions taken on grounds of public health must be based on epidemics as defined by the World Health Organisation or on a UK statute which authorises detention in hospital of persons who have contracted notifiable diseases. No such decision may be taken if the disease was contracted more than three months after the person's arrival in the UK.
9	"Public policy" is not defined in the EEA Regulations or in the Citizens' Directive and its scope is to be judged by reference to decided cases in the European Court or UK courts. Some months ago the Dutch right wing politician Geert Wilders was refused admission to the UK on the ground of public policy, as there were concerns that he might inflame anti-Muslim sentiment. The government of the day later relented and he was admitted. It has been held that the expression is to be strictly construed, as the possibility of exclusion on this ground is a derogation from the fundamental principle within the EU of freedom of movement for citizens of Member States. A serious criminal record or known involvement in drug smuggling are obviously relevant factors in deciding whether removal of particular EEA nationals is justified. Case law has shown that an established record of this kind may be a basis for removal on the ground of public policy, provided it can be shown that the record of the person in question is evidence of a propensity to affect adversely a fundamental aspect of the wellbeing of UK society. An adverse record on its own, without such evidence is not enough.
Appeals against removal decisions in cases in which evidence is withheld for reasons of national security are heard by the Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC) established by the Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997. SIAC has power to deal with cases on the basis of evidence which because of national security considerations has not been disclosed to the appellant or to his representative.
11	As with any other form of removal or deportation, it is open to any person threatened with removal under the EEA Regulations to rely on the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and especially on Article 8, requiring respect for private and family life.
The accession of Romania and to a lesser extent Bulgaria goes a long way towards explaining the drop in the totals. Figures for Romania in 2005 and 2006 were 2325 and 1920 respectively and for Bulgaria 285 and 280. The figure for Romania in 2007, after accession, dropped dramatically to 200 and for Bulgaria to 25.


text:
Nashville All Destinations
Explore Nashville
Nashville Tours
All Nashville Tours
Jack Daniel's Distillery Tours & Tickets
Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum Tours & Tickets
Opryland Hotel (Gaylord Opryland Resort)
2800 Opryland Dr, Nashville, TN, 37214
A stay at Opryland offers a big dose of Southern hospitality and comfort. With nearly 3,000 guest rooms, 15 eateries, three pools, a fitness center, a full-service spa, indoor and outdoor water attractions, and a world-class golf course, this property allows guests to experience dining, entertainment, and family fun all in one location. If you're not staying at Opryland, book a guided tour that includes a visit to the Grand Ole Opry.
Download the hotel's app to help you navigate the property.
Admission to the resort's popular SoundWaves water attraction is only guaranteed by booking the overnight package; day passes may be offered to hotel guests on a first come, first served basis.
The riverboat ride takes about 15 minutes and takes place on an all-electric flatboat.
The resort is located at 2800 Opryland Drive, near the corner of Opry Mills Drive. Visitors can request a shuttle from the airport for a fee or rent a car. If driving from the airport, follow Interstate 40 west to exit 215B, and travel along Briley Parkway to exit 12 for McGavock Pike toward Opryland Hotel/Convention Center/Music Valley Drive. Taxis and ridesharing services are also available.
4 Best Weekend Getaways from Chicago
Take a long drive along the Great Lakes coasts, or head into the heartland with these Chicago getaways.
The Grand Ole Opry: Virtual Concerts
Stay connected to the musicians you love with the Grand Ole Opry's robust calendar of livestream performances. From living room concerts to soothing acoustic coffee talks, there's something for every music taste.
5 Best Weekend Getaways from Nashville
Explore all corners of Tennessee, or head north to the Great Lakes.
Here's how to dive into the very best of Nashville in just one jam-packed day.
6 Top Spots for Music Lovers in Nashville
The home of country music, Nashville lives up to its nickname of "Music City." Don't miss these must-visit sites.
With two days in Nashville, hit the musts while you delve into the city's creative heart, from local restaurants to country stars.
Food Lover's Guide to Nashville
Yoga Experiences in Nashville
If you're visiting the hotel, plan to arrive late in the afternoon to catch the fountain shows, which start at 6pm. The resort is very popular during the holiday season, when the hotel is festooned with lights and decorations. If you visit during the holidays, make sure to plan ahead for activities such as tubing and ice skating, which are free but require reservations.
The Gaylord Opryland Resort offers round-trip shuttle service to Grand Ole Opry performances. Shows at the Grand Ole Opry include a changing lineup of artists and a variety of music styles. The famous Nashville stage show, which began at the historic Ryman Auditorium, moved to its new space in 1974 but took a piece of its old home with it: An 8-foot circle of hardwood from the Ryman stage now sits in the new venue.
More Tours in Nashville
Things to do near Nashville
Things to do in Branson
More attractions near Nashville
General Jackson Showboat
Madame Tussauds Nashville
Andrew Jackson's Hermitage
Cumberland Park
Fort Nashborough
Hard Rock Café Nashville
The George Jones
Johnny Cash Museum
Patsy Cline Museum
Johnny Cash Museum Store
Downtown Nashville
Schermerhorn Symphony Center
Ernest Tubb Record Shop
Ryman Auditorium
Recommended for Nashville


text:
# include <stdio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>
# include <math.h>
# include "stis.h"
# include "calstis4.h"
# include "hstcalerr.h"

# define ARCSEC_PER_DEGREE  3600.
# define MIN_BARWEIGHT      0.5		/* fraction of expected peak */
# define MAX_BARWEIGHT      1.5		/* fraction of expected peak */
# define CENTROID_CUTOFF    0.5		/* fraction of actual peak */
# define OUTLIER_CUTOFF     0.3		/* pixel; for rejecting outliers */

/* maximum deviations of individual bars from each other */
# define MAX_DIFF_WARNING   5.
# define MAX_DIFF_ERROR    10.

/* possible values of 'bad' in Centroid */
# define BAR_OK                   0
# define SEARCH_RANGE_TOO_SMALL   1
# define PEAK_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE  2

static void ScaleBars (double [], double [], int, double, double,
		double [], double []);
static void MakeTemplateBar (double, double, double [], int, FILE *);
static void XCorr (double [], double [], int, double [], int);
static void Centroid (double [], int, double, double *, double *, FILE *);
static int AvgShifts (double [], double [], int, double *);

/* This routine finds the shift of a long-slit spectrum in the spatial
   direction by finding the occulting bars.
   Nominally, the values in the input data are expected to be centered
   on crpix.  If the values are located at a larger pixel number, then
   the shift will be positive.

   A status of NO_GOOD_DATA will be returned if there was no disastrous
   error but the shift could not be determined because all bars were
   off the edge of the image or were flagged as bad.

   Phil Hodge, 1998 Dec 11:
	Add sts to calling sequence, for sp_range and dbg.

   Phil Hodge, 2000 Mar 27:
	Rewrite.  Remove verbose from calling sequence.

   Phil Hodge, 2002 Aug 26:
	Replace the algorithm in Centroid for computing the mean shift.

   Phil Hodge, 2005 May 25:
	In MakeTemplateBar, initialize exactly nv elements of template
	to zero; previously the first loop was from 0 to i_lower, and
	i_lower isn't necessarily less than nv.
*/

int FindBars (StisInfo4 *sts, int nbars, double barlocn[], double barwidth[],
	double *v, short *qv, int nv,
	double crpix, double cdelt,
	double *shift) {

/* arguments:
StisInfo4 *sts     i: calibration switches and info
int nbars          i: number of occulting bars
double barlocn[]   i: array giving location of each bar (arcsec)
double barwidth[]  i: array giving width of each bar (arcsec)
double v[]         i: slit pattern
short qv[]         i: data quality flags for v
int nv             i: size of v and qv arrays
double crpix       i: reference pixel in input data (zero indexed)
double cdelt       i: degrees per pixel
double *shift      o: the shift, in pixels
*/

	double *pbarlocn, *pbarwidth;	/* locations and widths in pixels */
	double *inv;		/* inverted slit pattern */
	double *template;	/* cross corr. slit with this to get shift */
	double *barshift, *barweight;	/* shift and weight for each bar */
	double *xc;		/* cross correlation of inv and template */
	int i;
	int status;
	int InvertSlit (double [], short [], int, double [], FILE *);

	*shift = 0.;		/* initial value */

	pbarlocn = malloc (nv * sizeof (double));
	pbarwidth = malloc (nv * sizeof (double));
	inv = malloc (nv * sizeof (double));
	template = malloc (nv * sizeof (double));
	barshift = malloc (nbars * sizeof (double));
	barweight = malloc (nbars * sizeof (double));
	xc = malloc (sts->sp_range * sizeof (double));
	if (pbarlocn == NULL || pbarwidth == NULL ||
		inv == NULL || template == NULL ||
		barshift == NULL || barweight == NULL ||
		xc == NULL) {
	    return (OUT_OF_MEMORY);
	}

	/* Convert bar info from arcseconds to pixels. */
	ScaleBars (barlocn, barwidth, nbars, crpix, cdelt, pbarlocn, pbarwidth);

	/* Normalize and invert the slit pattern. */
	if ((status = InvertSlit (v, qv, nv, inv, sts->dbg)))
	    return (status);

	/* Find each occulting bar. */
	for (i = 0;  i < nbars;  i++) {

	    if (pbarwidth[i] > 0.) {

		MakeTemplateBar (pbarlocn[i], pbarwidth[i],
			template, nv, sts->dbg);

		XCorr (inv, template, nv, xc, sts->sp_range);

		Centroid (xc, sts->sp_range, pbarwidth[i],
			&barshift[i], &barweight[i], sts->dbg);

	    } else {

		barshift[i] = 0.;
		barweight[i] = 0.;
	    }

	    if (sts->verbose) {
		if (barweight[i] == 0.) {
		    printf ("Warning  Bar %d could not be found.\n", i+1);
		} else {
		    printf ("         shift of bar %d is %.3f, weight = %.5g\n",
			i+1, barshift[i], barweight[i]);
		}
	    }
	}

	if ((status = AvgShifts (barshift, barweight, nbars, shift)))
	    return (status);

	free (pbarlocn);
	free (pbarwidth);
	free (inv);
	free (template);
	free (barshift);
	free (barweight);
	free (xc);

	return (0);
}

static void ScaleBars (double barlocn[], double barwidth[], int nbars,
		double crpix, double cdelt,
		double pbarlocn[], double pbarwidth[]) {

/* arguments:
double barlocn[]    i: array giving location of each bar (arcsec)
double barwidth[]   i: array giving width of each bar (arcsec)
int nbars           i: number of occulting bars
double crpix        i: pixel zero point for barlocn (reference pixel)
double cdelt        i: degrees per pixel
double pbarlocn[]   o: barlocn converted to pixels
double pbarwidth[]  o: barwidth converted to pixels
*/

	double scale;		/* arcseconds per pixel */
	int i;

	scale = cdelt * ARCSEC_PER_DEGREE;

	for (i = 0;  i < nbars;  i++) {
	    pbarlocn[i] = crpix + barlocn[i] / scale;
	    pbarwidth[i] = barwidth[i] / scale;
	}
}

/* This routine creates a template array which is zero everywhere except
   at the location of one occulting bar, where it is one.  Note that this
   template is for just one bar, not all the bars on the slit.
*/

static void MakeTemplateBar (double pbarlocn, double pbarwidth,
		double template[], int nv, FILE *dbg) {

/* arguments:
double pbarlocn    i: location of current bar (pixels)
double pbarwidth   i: width of current bar (pixels)
double template[]  o: array to be cross correlated with inverted observed slit
int nv             i: size of template array
FILE *dbg          i: file handle for debug output
*/

	double lower, upper;	/* expected locations of bar edges */
	int i_lower, i_upper;	/* nearest integers to lower & upper */
	int lower_ch, upper_ch;	/* loop limits, chopped off at boundaries */
	double fraction;	/* fraction of a pixel covered by the bar */
	int i;

	lower = pbarlocn - pbarwidth / 2.;
	upper = pbarlocn + pbarwidth / 2.;
	i_lower = NINT (lower);
	i_upper = NINT (upper);

	for (i = 0;  i < nv;  i++) {
	    template[i] = 0.;
	}

	if (i_upper > 0 && i_lower < nv - 1) {

	    lower_ch = i_lower < 0 ? 0 : i_lower + 1;
	    upper_ch = i_upper >= nv ? nv - 1 : i_upper - 1;
	    for (i = lower_ch;  i <= upper_ch;  i++) {
		template[i] = 1.;
	    }
	}

	for (i = i_upper + 1;  i < nv;  i++) {
	    template[i] = 0.;
	}

	if (i_lower >= 0 && i_lower < nv) {
	    fraction = 0.5 - lower + i_lower;
	    template[i_lower] = fraction;
	}

	if (i_upper >= 0 && i_upper < nv) {
	    fraction = upper + 0.5 - i_upper;
	    template[i_upper] = fraction;
	}

	if (dbg != NULL) {
	    fprintf (dbg, "\n");
	    fprintf (dbg,
		"# (FindBars) Expected locations of bar edges are %.6g, %.6g\n",
			lower, upper);
	    fflush (dbg);
	}
}

/* This routine takes the cross correlation between the inverted observed
   slit pattern and the template.  The location of the peak in the cross
   correlation indicates the shift of the occulting bar that is included
   in the template.  If the shift is zero, the peak in xc will be at the
   middle pixel, which is (range - 1) / 2 using zero indexing.  If the
   peak is at a larger pixel number than the middle, the shift is positive.

   The regions where the slit and template do not overlap are not
   included in the sum.  This is appropriate because the slit pattern is
   inverted, i.e. near zero within an occulting bar and near one outside
   any occulting bar.
*/

static void XCorr (double inv[], double template[], int nv,
		double xc[], int range) {

/* arguments:
double inv[]          i: normalized and inverted observed slit pattern
double template[]     i: template slit, with just one occulting bar
int nv                i: size of inv and template arrays
double xc[]           o: cross correlation of inv and template
int range             i: size of xc array (an odd number)
*/

	double sum;		/* for accumulating the sum at xc[j] */
	int i, j;
	int half;		/* (range - 1) / 2 */

	half = (range - 1) / 2;

	/* zero offset */
	sum = 0.;
	for (i = 0;  i < nv;  i++)
	    sum += inv[i] * template[i];
	xc[half] = sum;

	for (j = 1;  j <= half;  j++) {

	    /* shift the template toward the left */
	    sum = 0.;
	    for (i = 0;  i < nv-j;  i++)
		sum += inv[i] * template[i+j];
	    xc[half-j] = sum;

	    /* shift the template toward the right */
	    sum = 0.;
	    for (i = j;  i < nv;  i++)
		sum += inv[i] * template[i-j];
	    xc[half+j] = sum;
	}
}

/* This routine finds the location of the peak in the cross correlation.
   Because the inverted spectrum and the template are normalized, the
   expected height of the peak is equal to the width of the current
   occulting bar, and the width of the peak should be twice that width.
   The weight (barweight) will be set to the peak divided by the expected
   value of the peak.  If the weight is less than or greater than cutoff
   values, the weight will be set to zero so that this bar will not be
   included when the average shift is computed later.
*/

static void Centroid (double xc[], int range, double pbarwidth,
		double *barshift, double *barweight, FILE *dbg) {

/* arguments:
double xc[]        i: cross correlation of inv and template
int range          i: size of xc array (an odd number)
double pbarwidth   i: the width of the current bar (pixels)
double *barshift   o: the shift found for this bar
double *barweight  o: the weight for the shift
FILE *dbg          i: file handle for debug output
*/

	double maxval;		/* maximum value in xc */
	int imax;		/* index of maxval in xc */
	double peak;		/* location of centroid in xc */
	int middle;		/* pixel in xc corresponding to zero shift */
	int bad;		/* true if bar was probably not found */
	int i;

	double minval;		/* lower limit when finding location */
	double value;		/* a value below max in xc */
	double x_left, x_right;	/* interpolated locations at which xc=value */
	double *cent;		/* array of center values */
	double median;		/* for rejecting outliers */
	double sum, sumv;	/* for accumulating sums */
	int n;			/* number of valid elements in cent */
	int foundit;

	/* range is odd, middle is zero indexed */
	middle = range / 2;

	/* Find the maximum value and its location. */
	bad = BAR_OK;				/* initial values */
	imax = 0;
	maxval = xc[0];
	for (i = 1;  i < range;  i++) {
	    if (xc[i] > maxval) {
		imax = i;
		maxval = xc[i];
	    }
	}
	if (imax == 0 || imax == range-1)
	    bad = SEARCH_RANGE_TOO_SMALL;

	/* The peak should have a value of barwidth. */
	*barweight = maxval / pbarwidth;

	if (*barweight < MIN_BARWEIGHT || *barweight > MAX_BARWEIGHT)
	    bad = PEAK_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE;

	if (bad != BAR_OK) {

	    printf ("Warning  Skipping current occulting bar ... \\\n");

	    if (bad == SEARCH_RANGE_TOO_SMALL) {

		printf (
"Warning  Peak of cross correlation is at end of search range. \\\n");
		printf (
"Warning  This probably means the search range is too small; \\\n");
		printf (
"Warning  check the value of SP_RANGE in the WCPTAB.\n");

	    } else if (bad == PEAK_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE) {

		printf (
"Warning  Peak of cross correlation is %.6g of the expected value, \\\n",
			*barweight);
		printf (
"Warning  which is outside the allowed range %.6g to %.6g\n",
			MIN_BARWEIGHT, MAX_BARWEIGHT);
	    }

	    if (dbg != NULL) {
		fprintf (dbg, "# cross correlation:\n");
		for (i = 0;  i < range;  i++) {
		    fprintf (dbg, "%.6g", xc[i]);
		    if (i == middle)
			fprintf (dbg, " <-- nominal peak is here");
		    fprintf (dbg, "\n");
		}
		fprintf (dbg, "# skipping this bar ...\n");
		if (bad == SEARCH_RANGE_TOO_SMALL) {
		    fprintf (dbg,
	"#  peak of cross correlation is at end of search range\n");
		} else if (bad == PEAK_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE) {
		    fprintf (dbg,
	"#  peak of cross correlation is %.6g of the expected value,\n",
			*barweight);
		    fprintf (dbg,
	"#  which is outside the allowed range %.6g to %.6g\n",
			MIN_BARWEIGHT, MAX_BARWEIGHT);
		}
		fflush (dbg);
	    }
	    *barshift = 0.;
	    *barweight = 0.;
	    return;
	}

	cent = malloc (range * sizeof (double));
	if (cent == NULL) {
	    *barshift = 0.;
	    *barweight = 0.;
	    printf ("Warning  Out of memory in FindBars.\n");
	    return;
	}

	/* The nominal shape of the xc curve is:
		flat near the left end
		linear with a slope of +1 to the left of the peak
		linear with a slope of -1 to the right of the peak
		flat near the right end
	   A horizontal line below the peak (but above the flat regions
	   at the ends) will intersect the xc curve at two points, and
	   the midpoint between those two points is a measure of the
	   location of the bar.  This section finds a sequence of such
	   measurements at values separated by unit increments below
	   the peak; the average of these (with the appropriate offset)
	   is taken to be the shift.
	*/
	minval = maxval * CENTROID_CUTOFF;
	for (value = maxval-1., n = 0;  value > minval;  value--, n++) {

	    /* find i such that xc[i] <= value and xc[i+1] > value */
	    foundit = 0;
	    for (i = imax;  i > 0;  i--) {
		if (xc[i] <= value && xc[i+1] > value) {
		    foundit = 1;
		    break;
		}
	    }
	    if (!foundit)
		break;

	    /* interpolate to get x_left */
	    x_left = (double)i + (value - xc[i]) / (xc[i+1] - xc[i]);

	    /* find i such that xc[i] >= value and xc[i+1] < value */
	    foundit = 0;
	    for (i = imax;  i < range-1;  i++) {
		if (xc[i] >= value && xc[i+1] < value) {
		    foundit = 1;
		    break;
		}
	    }
	    if (!foundit)
		break;

	    /* interpolate to get x_right */
	    x_right = (double)i + (xc[i] - value) / (xc[i] - xc[i+1]);

	    cent[n] = (x_left + x_right) / 2.;
	}

	peak = (double) imax;			/* default value */
	if (n == 0) {
	    *barshift = 0.;
	    *barweight = 0.;
	} else if (n == 1) {
	    *barshift = cent[0] - (double) middle;
	    printf ("Warning  Only one point used for bar location.\n");
	} else {
	    /* reject outliers from cent */
	    median = MedianDouble (cent, n, 0);
	    for (i = 0;  i < n;  i++) {
		if (fabs (cent[i] - median) > OUTLIER_CUTOFF) {
		    cent[i] = -1.;		/* rejected */
		}
	    }

	    /* compute the mean and stddev of the remaining elements of cent */
	    sumv = 0.;
	    sum = 0.;
	    for (i = 0;  i < n;  i++) {
		if (cent[i] >= 0.) {
		    sum++;
		    sumv += cent[i];
		}
	    }
	    if (sum > 0.) {
		peak = sumv / sum;
		*barshift = peak - (double) middle;
	    } else {
		*barshift = 0.;
		*barweight = 0.;
	    }
	}

	free (cent);

	/* Write info to debug file. */
	if (dbg != NULL) {

	    double offset;		/* offset of peak from imax */
	    offset = peak - (double) imax;

	    fprintf (dbg,
		"# (FindBars) height of cross correlation should be %.6g\n",
			pbarwidth);
	    fprintf (dbg, "# (FindBars) weight for current bar = %.6g\n",
			*barweight);
	    fprintf (dbg, "# (FindBars) cross correlation:\n");
	    for (i = 0;  i < range;  i++) {
		fprintf (dbg, "%.6g", xc[i]);
		if (i == middle)
		    fprintf (dbg, " <-- nominal peak is here");
		if (i == imax) {
		    fprintf (dbg,
			" <-- peak is ");
		    if (offset == 0.)
			fprintf (dbg, "here");
		    else if (offset > 0.)
			fprintf (dbg, "%.6g down from here", offset);
		    else
			fprintf (dbg, "%.6g up from here", -offset);
		}
		fprintf (dbg, "\n");
	    }
	    fflush (dbg);
	}

	return;
}

static int AvgShifts (double barshift[], double barweight[], int nbars,
		double *shift) {

/* arguments:
double barshift[]    i: shift for each bar
double barweight[]   i: weight for each shift
int nbars            i: number of bars
double *shift        o: the average shift
*/

	double sumsw;		/* sum of (shift * weight) */
	double sumw;		/* sum of weights */
	int i;
	double min_shift, max_shift, min_weight;
	int wmin;		/* index of shift with minimum weight */
	int ngood;		/* number of shifts with non-zero weight */

	/* First check that the bars were actually found. */
	sumw = 0.;
	for (i = 0;  i < nbars;  i++)
	    sumw += barweight[i];
	if (sumw < MIN_BARWEIGHT)
	    return (NO_GOOD_DATA);

	ngood = 0;
	for (i = 0;  i < nbars;  i++) {

	    if (barweight[i] > MIN_BARWEIGHT) {	/* the weight could be zero */

		if (ngood == 0) {
		    min_shift = barshift[i];
		    max_shift = barshift[i];
		    wmin = i;
		    min_weight = barweight[i];
		} else {
		    if (barshift[i] < min_shift)
			min_shift = barshift[i];
		    if (barshift[i] > max_shift)
			max_shift = barshift[i];
		    if (barweight[i] < min_weight) {
			wmin = i;
			min_weight = barweight[i];
		    }
		}
		ngood++;
	    }
	}

	if (ngood < 1)
	    return (NO_GOOD_DATA);

	if (max_shift - min_shift > MAX_DIFF_WARNING)
	    printf ("Warning  Shifts of individual bars differ by %.2f\n",
		max_shift - min_shift);

	if (max_shift - min_shift > MAX_DIFF_ERROR)
	    return (NO_GOOD_DATA);

	/* Take the average of the shifts.  If the range of shifts is
	   large, exclude the one with the lowest weight.
	*/
	if (max_shift - min_shift <= MAX_DIFF_WARNING)
	    wmin = -10;		/* in the loop over i, this will never match */

	ngood = 0;
	sumw = 0.;
	sumsw = 0.;
	for (i = 0;  i < nbars;  i++) {

	    if (i == wmin) {
		printf ("Warning  bar %d excluded due to low weight\n", i+1);
		continue;		/* skip this point */
	    }

	    if (barweight[i] > MIN_BARWEIGHT) {
		sumw += barweight[i];
		sumsw += barshift[i] * barweight[i];
		ngood++;
	    }
	}

	if (ngood > 0)
	    *shift = sumsw / sumw;

	return (0);
}


text:
Oman Air introduces A330s on Doha route
Oman Air is to introduce its Airbus A330-200 aircraft to the hugely popular Muscat to Doha service.
From 1st June, the A330s will operate every Sunday (WY670), Monday (WY670) and Tuesday (WY664) as part of the airline's schedule of four daily flights to Qatar's capital city.
Oman Air's upgrade of the selected flights from narrow-body aircraft to the spacious and luxurious A330s has been undertaken in response to increasing demand for flights between Muscat and Doha. The larger jets offer 20 business class seats and 196 economy class seats, enabling many more customers to fly between the two cities and access Oman Air's rapidly expanding global network.
When Oman Air first launched its Muscat-Doha service in 1996, it offered three flights per week. Frequencies subsequently increased to seven flights per week and then 21 flights per week by the first quarter of 2015. The airline now offers 28 flights per week and in 2015, Oman Air carried 134,832 passengers on the route: an increase of 41 per cent on the previous year.
To date, Oman Air's A330 fleet has been deployed primarily on long haul routes. However, the aircraft's flexibility, capacity and comfort also make it ideal for high-demand, short haul operations. It provides an outstanding environment in which customers can enjoy Oman Air's authentic hospitality and welcoming onboard service.
The deployment of A330s on Oman Air's Muscat-Doha service forms part of the airline's current ambitious fleet and network expansion plan. In addition to increasing the size of its fleet to 70 aircraft by 2020, Oman Air is unveiling a range of exciting new destinations, increased frequencies and expanded capacity on established routes, and improved connections at its home base of Muscat International Airport.
Related Items:Oman Air
Oman Air Launches New Service to Alexandria
Gulf Air and Oman Air Strengthen and Expand Codeshare Agreement
Oman Air Adds One More Boeing 787-9 to Its Fleet


Year 5 enjoyed an exciting residential trip recently. A diary of events and more photos can be found on our school Firefly system but here's a snap shot with some comments from the girls….
Tuesday – Dorms sorted, girls settled. Firewood collected for the campfire, where they sang and got to know their groupies (PGL leaders).
Wednesday – Canoeing, raft building, abseiling and quad biking were just some of the activities experienced by the girls today.
Thursday – Teamwork prevailed in the sensory trail and challenge course and more activities like the giant swing. The disco awaits.
Friday – last day for the happy but exhausted Year 5 girls. Their support for one another and enthusiasm to try new things is inspiring. Well done girls!


text:
Veritas Art Project
By submitting an Expression of Interest (EOI), you, the artist, or in the case of a child under the age of 18 at the time of submission, the parent/guardian or carer on behalf of your child, agree to the following:
You acknowledge that you/your child's EOI is only valid if received by Veritas House either via an online application of delivered to one of the three Veritas House offices in Bathurst and Orange prior to the closing time of 5:00pm AEST, Monday 17th May, 2021.
The artist is aged 25 years or younger, as at 17 May 2021.
The artist resides in either Bathurst, Orange, or in the surrounding areas up to a 100km radius. Alternatively, the artist must be a current or former client of Veritas House.
You acknowledge that Veritas House will only accept one entry per person and understand that this will be counted as the artist's final entry.
You confirm that the commissioned artwork will be 100% the artist's own original artwork.
You confirm that the artist is the creative producer and that the artist or you as the parent/guardian/carer own the copyright.
You acknowledge that your child's EOI may be copied or reproduced for the purposes of judging the competition and, in the event you/your child is selected, for promoting the selected artists – unless you wish the commissioned work to remain anonymous in the public and advise Veritas of this at the time of being notified of your selection.
You acknowledge that the number of artists commissioned is at the discretion of the judging panel and is final.
Veritas House will be responsible for arranging the purchase/supply of art materials and framing (where required) within a budget as determined by the judging panel in consultation with the local arts community. When notifying artists of their selection, Veritas House will make clear the materials and/or framing that will be purchased, and if you accept the commission these funds are final. Any expenses for materials or other costs above those agreed to at the time of notifying the artist will be the responsibility of the artist.
Each commissioned artist will be paired with a local artist mentor at the discretion of Veritas House and based on the style, medium and geographic location of the artists. Veritas will ensure probity, including Working with Children's Checks for all artist mentors prior to nominating them as mentors.
You acknowledge that if you/your child is selected, you agree to:
Grant Veritas House permanent, royalty-free, irrevocable, ongoing ownership of the artwork and the right to use, display, photograph, reproduce, communicate and broadcast the artwork.
Permit Veritas House to provide your contact details to the nominated mentor so that arrangements can be made for up to four one-hour mentoring sessions with the artist, paid for by Veritas House, up to 30 June 2021. If for whatever reason the artist is unable to attend a scheduled mentoring session, at least 24-hours' notice must be provided to the mentor, or you will forfeit that session. Artists are not obligated to accept mentoring if they choose not to do so.
Allocate sufficient time to ensure the commissioned artwork is completed and provided to Veritas by the deadline of Friday, 16 July 2021.
Participate in promotion and media opportunities (eg launch event; media releases; social media; website; etc.), where you are able to, unless you notify Veritas House at the time of being advised of your selection that you wish to remain anonymous.
Veritas House
© 2022 Veritas House


text:
Poorly designed climate mitigation plans 'could increase hunger'
A herder cultivates climate-resilient plants for use as animal feed. Copyright: Asian Development Bank [CC BY-NC-ND 2.0]. This image has been cropped.
Climate mitigation essential to reduce emissions and global warming
But badly designed mitigation strategies may adversely impact food security
Risks are greater in Asia and Africa where hunger incidence is already high
By: Claudia Caruana
By Claudia Caruana
[NEW YORK] Climate mitigation strategies, if not well designed, could result in increasing the risk of hunger in developing countries rather than decreasing it, a new study has found.
The study, published in the journal Nature Sustainability investigates six Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) to see how food security can be affected by climate mitigation policies which aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions leading to global warming.
The six IAMs showed that mitigation policies that affect agricultural markets could adversely impact food security, particularly in low-income countries, and increase the number of people at risk of hunger by 160 million by 2050, researchers found.
"Solutions are urgently needed to mitigate climate change as well as its impacts on agriculture and food security."
Keith Wiebe, senior research fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute
Global hunger has been on the rise over the past three years, despite the UN's Sustainable Development Goal of 'Zero Hunger' by 2030. The number of hungry people in the world reached 821 million in 2017, according to a 2018 UN report on the state of food security.
Most climate change research makes use of IAMs because they draw from various scientific, socio-economic and other disciplines.
Lead author Shinichiro Fujimori, a professor in the department of environmental engineering at Japan's Kyoto University, said: "While we found a similar effect in an earlier joint paper published in Environmental Research Letters, this time we applied multiple alternative models and showed that the results are robust and have a very high confidence."
"We want to emphasise that land- and food-related climate change mitigation policies should be carefully designed," Fujimori told SciDev.Net. "Policymakers should be aware that potential issues could arise as a result of the uniqueness of the food system compared to, for example, the energy system."
Keywan Riahi, energy programme director at the Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Vienna, and the study's co-researcher, said: "Climate policies need to go beyond carbon pricing, take into account distributional effects, and shield the poor. If properly managed, the costs of such policies will be relatively small."
Riahi stressed that although results vary across models and their implementation, climate mitigation policies must be carefully designed to take into account agriculture and land prices.
Fujimori believes the important message to take from the study, published May 13, is that the unintended adverse side-effects of climate mitigation actions can be avoided by smart and inclusive policies that consider these consequences. "Such policy instruments would be much cheaper than the greenhouse gas reduction costs," he added.
Climate change 'could slash Brazil's maize yields'
Citizen science helps farmers adapt to climate change
Smallholders' global food production underestimated
Keith Wiebe, senior research fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, cautions that these negative side-effects should not be interpreted as a reason to refuse climate action but rather: "We just need carefully designed policy frameworks."
"Solutions are urgently needed to mitigate climate change as well as its impacts on agriculture and food security," said Wiebe. "But given the complexity of the challenges, care is needed to ensure that the proposed solutions don't inadvertently make some problems worse."
"A key concern from the study results is that risk is borne disproportionately by countries in Africa and Asia where the incidence of hunger is already high. This doesn't mean that climate change mitigation should be avoided," he added.
"It is critical that policymakers design mitigation strategies carefully and with solid information on their full range of impacts to avoid unintended consequences."
This piece was produced by SciDev.Net's Asia & Pacific desk and edited for clarity.
More on food security
Climate change and conflict could fuel hunger in 2020
Swine fever raises fears of bird flu pandemic
Q&A: 'Crop diversity is the key for marginal environments'
Nigerian farmers embrace technology to combat food insecurity
Fairer fish trade could fix nutrient deficiencies in coastal countries
'Respect dirt and dung' to combat desertification
AI tool shows promise as banana disease spreads
El Niño linked to widespread crop failures
Poor nations could be future 'guardians' of agrobiodiversity
Parboiling husked rice reduces arsenic content - study
Invasive weed 'could cut crop yields by 30 per cent'


Our overarching priority at Clean Energy BC is to support BC's transition to low-carbon energy through the development of effective climate policy and clean energy electrification. We will do this at a greater speed, lower financial risk and with less cost than any new alternative; thus providing the BC ratepayers, BC Hydro, and the BC government with affordable and best value clean energy. This Value Proposition highlights our values of working in a transparent, trustworthy, and credible manner with all segments of BC's communities – including the government, BC Hydro, First Nations, and the general public. Our vision is for BC's communities to all have access to clean, reliable, and cost-effective energy produced by the private sector; ultimately leading the world in modelling a sustainable way of life.
The clean energy industry is often tasked with unparalleled levels of regulation and permitting requirements when compared to other natural resource sectors in the Province of British Columbia. Although this has allowed BC's clean energy sector to be cutting edge and to set the standards high internationally, it has increased costs, complexity, and risks in ways that are unproportioned to impacts.
Clean energy projects supporting larger Federal and Provincial climate goals and campaigning for climate change issues to be included in BCUC and BCH decision-making frameworks.
Amendments to British Columbia's wildlife habitat regulations and Species at Risk Act.
Monitoring secondary issues that may impact the clean energy industry in the future. For example, monitoring the White-nose Syndrome in bats.
Submitting responses to the Province of British Columbia's consultations and engagements on behalf of the clean energy and climate change industries.
Special members committees assembling to discuss specific issues in order to gather insight and create messaging.
Reviewing our annual events to consider the evolving needs of our operational members, including reviewing the timing of Generate and the Spring Conference/operations workshop.
Incubating the renewable energy market behind-the-fence and with corporate PPAs.
CEBC brings innovations from across the globe to its members' attention. Forward-thinking technologies and methods include PPA insurance, blockchain energy sales methodologies, and AI learning algorithms. These innovative approaches increase the performance of renewable energy systems.
Promoting a grassroots-level energy and climate literacy campaign to build awareness and a sense of accountability on an individual level.
British Columbia has over 100 power production sites in operation. In order to maximize efficiency, building knowledge and a supportive flow of dialogue between operators is important for the longevity of this sector. Clean Energy BC hosts bi-monthly Operations Committee meetings to facilitate this dialogue. In addition, we maintain a strong relationship with WorkSafeBC so that we may stay updated on regulatory changes and increase the safety of operations.
Participation from over 140 First Nations in the 2016 and 2017 Generate conferences and First Nations Workshop. We have been offering this all-day course for over 5 years and we have been increasing capacity by moving from general subjects to more specific topics to assist First Nations in the development of their clean energy projects.