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FLC Business Search Labs NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
FLC Region
MS (180-800C)
4800 Oak Grove Drive
Lab Profile
Tech Transfer Website:
http://technology.nasa.gov/
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has been a NASA Field Center since NASA was created in 1958. JPL, an operating division of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), performs research, development and related activities for NASA. The people of JPL share a common objective: research and development in the national interest.
Three characteristics shape JPL's philosophy, mission and goals: As part of Caltech, JPL pursues the highest standards of scientific and engineering achievement. Excellence, objectivity and integrity are the guiding principles. As NASA's lead center for unmanned exploration of the solar system, JPL directs unmanned planetary missions for the United States. JPL helps the United States solve technological problems and performs research, development and spaceflight activities for NASA and other agencies.
Technology Disciplines
PSSEARCH: A system for Predictive Sea State Estimation for Automated Ride Control and Handling
This system enables a manned or unmanned watercraft to determine the 3-D map and sea state conditions in its vicinity in real-time. Adaptive path-planning/re-planning software and a control surface management system will then use this information to choose the best settings and heading relative to the seas for the watercraft.
https://software.nasa.gov/software/NPO-47533-1
Internal Lab Reference ID
NPO-47533-1
Patent Status
U.S. Government Purpose Release
Pulsed Plasma Lubrication Device and Method
JPL's pulsed plasma lubricator comprises a solid lubricant disposed between and in contact with a pair of electrodes that are sized and configured such that the application of a sufficiently large electric potential between the two electrodes produces a plasma that vaporizes a portion of the solid lubricant. The electric potential can be applied as a plurality of pulses for a duration that depends on the lubrication needs of that mechanical assembly, the composition of the solid lubricant, etc. The resulting vapor stream of solid lubricant can be directed onto the surface of a mechanical assembly. This provides a reduction of surface wear and, therefore, extends the lifetime of the mechanical assembly. A PPL device has demonstrated the ability to deposit films of lubricating materials on a remote surface with lubricating and wear-resistance properties equal to or greater than pre-applied films of dry lubricants. These films can be replenished when degraded to again regain lubricating properties and minimize wear. The demonstrated PPL is 3 mm in characteristic size with low power consumption (
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has developed a small, low-power system for reliably depositing films of lubricants. Lubricants are often used to extend the lifetime of mechanical assemblies in extreme environments, such as space. Wet lubricants are sometimes used, but they require active heating to prevent solidification in extremely cold temperatures. Dry lubricants provide superior lubrication and are not susceptible to solidification, but continued operation of the mechanical assembly removes the lubricant over time, and this eventually leads to mechanical failure. JPL's pulsed plasma lubricator (PPL) is a practical means of extending of the life of dry lubricants. In less than five minutes, the PPL can replenish the lubricating material sufficiently to enable hours of operation. PPL technology has the demonstrated potential to extend the lifetime of mechanical assemblies in extreme environments, thus maximizing the usefulness and reliability of expensive equipment.
Achieves both low friction and high wear resistance over a long lifetime while overcoming the temperature limitations of wet lubricants
Pulsed plasma lubricator for the in situ replenishment of lubricants in extreme environments
NPO-TOPS-45
Patent Issue Date
Lab Representative
General Electric Company requested a report from Jet Propulsion Laboratory which provides detailed information on failure modes, stress analysis and other reliability considerations was requested. General Electric Company's Nuclear Energy Division incorporated its information with that of the report. Routinely used, the report enables personnel time savings in establishing applicable screening test data.
https://spinoff.nasa.gov/database/spinoffDetail.php?this=/spinoff//jpl/J...
JPL-SO-97
Quantification of Trace Chemicals using Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor
The Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor (VCAM) is a miniature preconcentrator/gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (PCGC/MS) system to be used to identify and quantify trace chemicals. The immediate application is to provide a needed trace-gas monitor for the International Space Station. This software solves the problem of quantifying the concentration of trace chemicals in the International Space Station (ISS) internal air using a miniature gas-chromatograph mass-spectrometer instrument called VCAM.
Quick thrust profile design analysis for verifying spacecraft operational capabilities
First, qSTAT executes the flight softwares attitude steering algorithm to determine the attitude command which follows the thrust direction profile in the TVF while keeping the arrays on sun (per the power steering logic). From the attitude command, qSTAT computes the attitude rate and angular accelerations required to follow the thrust profile, checking these against allowable limits. Next, qSTAT passes the commanded attitude and angular rate through a simplified closed-loop transfer function that models the low-bandwidth closed-loop dynamics of the spacecraft while under TVC control, producing an attitude estimate. This first portion of qSTAT meets the goal of being simple and quick, while also providing the level of accuracy necessary for evaluating the thrust profile itself.
Radiation Blocking Lenses (1989)
Biomedical Optical Company of America's (BOCA) suntiger lenses, similar in principle to natural filters in the eyes of hawks and eagles, bar 99 percent of potentially harmful wavelengths, while allowing visually useful colors of light (red, orange, green) to pass through. They also improve visual acuity, night vision and haze or fog visibility. The lenses evolved from work done by James B. Stephens and Dr. Charles G. Miller of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. They developed a formula and produced a commercial welding curtain that absorbs, filters, and scatters light. This research led to protective glasses now used by dentists, workers in hazardous environments, CRT operators and skiers.
JPL-SO-100
The Biomedical Optical Company of America's Eagle 475 lens absorbs 100 percent of all photowavelengths considered hazardous to eye tissue, including ultraviolet and blue light, which are considered contributors to cataract and age-related macular degeneration. The lens absorbs hazardous wavelengths, but allows a higher percentage of visually useful areas of the spectrum to pass through. Polarization blocks out irritating glint and glare and heightens visual acuity. The Eagle 475 sunglasses are the latest in a series of spinoffs that originated at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory where two scientists developed a protective, welding curtain that filtered out harmful irradiance. The result was a commercial curtain that absorbs filters and scatters light, providing protection for personnel in welding areas. Further research focused on protective industrial glasses and later on consumer products.
Radiation Hazard Detector
NASA technology has made commercially available a new, inexpensive, conveniently carried device for protection of people exposed to potentially dangerous levels of microwave radiation. Cicoil calls the unit Micro-Gard Model 100. Weighing only four ounces and about the size of a cigarette pack, it can be carried in a shirt pocket or conveniently clipped to worker's belt. Unit sounds audible alarm when microwave radiation reaches a preset level, the OSHA safe limit or another threshold level decided by the user organization. Simple in design, it is priced well below earlier detectors.
Radiation Sensor
Claypack is a cost-effective portable system developed by Barringer Research Ltd. for rapid on-site analysis of clay minerals. It is an adaptation of a hand-held rationing radiometer. By measuring the intensity of reflected radiation, the device discriminates among different minerals present in a sample. It simultaneously analyzes radiation intensities in two separate bands of the spectrum, and calculates the ratio of one to the other. The reflectance ratio" is computer processed and displayed in digital form."
Radio Relays Improve Wireless Products
Signal Hill, California-based XCOM Wireless Inc. developed radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) relays with a Phase II SBIR contract through NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In order to improve satellite communication systems, XCOM produced wireless RF MEMS relays and tunable capacitors that use metal-to-metal contact and have the potential to outperform most semiconductor technologies while using less power. These relays are used in high-frequency test equipment and instrumentation, where increased speed can mean significant cost savings. Applications now also include mainstream wireless applications and greatly improved tactical radios.
10-Ft Vertical Space Simulator
JPL:2800
P: 818-354-0701Security Clearance : Non Security Lab
24 inch Telescope
25-Ft Space Simulator
48-inch Telescope
Acoustics Noise Test Cell
Security Clearance : Non Security LabSquare Footage: 0
Lab Reps:
Andy Rose
The Acoustic Noise Test Cell at the NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is located adjacent to the large vibration system; both are located in a class 10K clean room. The clean room is 43-ft by 55-ft and 45-ft high with a 10 Ton overhead crane. The large JPL thermal vacuum chamber is located in an adjacent building. There is ample room in the facility for large transport trailers. This chamber has a volume 10,200 cubic feet. The m+p acoustic control system uses up to 8 control channels.
Capabilities: acoustic chamber acoustic test cell clean room data reduction and data acquisition instrumentation support
ARC Scientific Instrumentation Evaluation Remote Research Aircraft (SIERRA)
300 E St, SW
Atomic Oxygen Test Facility, 121-100
Computer Vision Lab.
DFRC B-200 Super Kingair Research/Support Aircraft
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
The Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research,or EPSCoR,establishes partnerships with government, higher education and industry that are designed to effect lasting improvements in a state's or region's research infrastructure, R&D capacity and hence, its national R&D competitiveness.
The EPSCoR program is directed at those jurisdictions that have not in the past participated equably in competitive aerospace and aerospace-related research activities. Twenty-four states, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam currently participate.Fivefederal agencies conduct EPSCoR programs, including NASA.
NASA EPSCoR Jurisdictions and their Directors
View EPSCoR Directors by State/Jurisdiction
The goal of EPSCoR is to provide seed funding that will enable jurisdictions to develop an academic research enterprise directed toward long-term, self-sustaining, nationally-competitive capabilities in aerospace and aerospace-related research.
http://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/programs/national/epscor/home/index.html
Tech Transfer Website
Lab Representatives


Lifeboat was asked to assist in the tow of a broken down vessel. Once on scene the lifeboat found that the casualty vessel was safely under tow by another boat, and so remained in the area in case they were needed. Once the boat was back in the harbour the lifeboat continued on its exercise to practice towing!


International Law Society Symposium on "Terrorism After bin Laden"
The 3rd Annual International Law Society Symposium on September 30 will explore emerging issues in national security law and the connections between international law and the diverse domestic laws of States. The all-day program will feature a morning panel that begins at 9 a.m. and an afternoon panel that begins at 12:30 p.m. in Biolchini Hall 1315.
Speakers include Thomas Anthony Durkin, Esq. (Durkin & Roberts), Dr. David Cortright (Kroc Institute), and Professors Mary Ellen O'Connell (Notre Dame Law School), Vijay Padhmanabhan (Vanderbilt Law School), Cynthia Shwamreh (University of Chicago Law School), Juliet Sorensen (Northwestern Law School), and William Snyder (Syracuse University Law School).


Don't have the time to study opening theory, or to figure out where you're going wrong with your games? Are you looking for guidance on how to handle the opening so that you can get a playable middlegame?
Openings for Amateurs is written with two kinds of chessplayers in mind: average "club" players who can't afford to learn variations 30 moves deep; and scholastic players looking to take the next step in their chess development.
This is really two books in one! The Primer covers the most frequent mistakes made in the opening and considers many common misconceptions about this phase of the game. Popular chess author and lecturer Pete Tamburro devotes special attention to the best ways to meet both tricky lines like the Blackmar-Diemer and the Belgrade Gambit, and "system" attacks such as the Colle and the Barry, while discussing such vexing topics as when to chase a bishop and whether to believe openings manuals.
Part II offers a selection of openings that you are invited to consider based on your needs, and presents 53 annotated model games to help you understand the openings' ideas rather than just memorizing moves. The aim is to help you determine where you are now and then how to pursue your chess goals – while helping you right away to survive the opening in your next tournament!
Chess Life and Chess Life for Kids columnist Pete Tamburro hosted the popular Openings for Amateurs lecture series on chess.fm and the Internet Chess Club. In addition to coaching college basketball and championship high-school chess and cross-country teams, Pete has been voted Chess Journalist of the Year (2006) and named New Jersey's Outstanding Teacher of History (1990). His chess books include writing Learn Chess from the Greats and editing the Kasparov Foundation's Teaching Chess Step by Step series.
Published 2014, softback, 333 pages.


To that end, I have undertaken the project of re-designing this website. That project is taking up my extra time right now, and will continue until I am ready for a formal re-launch. It could take weeks, could take a couple of months.
In January of 2018 there will be a major change in my life. On January 20, I am scheduled to retire from the Philadelphia Police Department after nearly 28 years of service.
Along with all of the things that my wife, Debbie, and I want to enjoy together in retirement, my intent is to increase my writing efforts. I also intend to take more time in actually crafting the pieces, making them better in quality. Too often in the past, I rush a piece just to get my ideas out.
The re-design of this website will make my past pieces more accessible. Not only will they be available chronologically through searching via that "Archives" method, but they will also be available topically through a sectional toolbar at the top of the page.
"Commentary" is the Editorial section. Here I comment on a wide variety of topics, such as my opinion on the NFL player protests involving some players 'taking a knee' during the playing of the national anthem.
"Faith", "Politics", "Sports", "Terrorism", "Baseball", and "Phillies" are fairly self-evident as to what you can find covered under those topics. Within the Faith section you can find the regular 'Sunday Sermon' series, which will resume soon. In the Terrorism section you will find the 'Islamism Series' features relating to aspects of Islamic terror. That series will also be continued. The Sports section covers everything other than baseball.
"Philadelphia" covers non-sports pieces that specifically deal with issues and personalities involving the city where I was born and raised, still live at this point, and to whose citizens I have given decades of service. Here you can also find items related to my experiences working with the Philadelphia Police Department.
"Reviews" contains book, film, and music reviews that I have done over the years. It also includes a "TV Watch" series of television program reviews. That series will resume in 2018. There will be many more book and film reviews into the future. The reviews will always come with a link to the original featured work.
"History" covers pieces that deal with topics that I feel have a historic relevance, such as Benghazi or Hurricane Katrina. However, a number of series that I have run over the years can be found here. "American of the Year" comes out at the end of December and announces a high-profile American who I believe was most influential during the year. "Real American Heroes" is a bio series on winners of the Congressional Medal of Honor. "Rock and Roll Heaven" profiles musical personalities lost too soon.
Each of these series will be resurrected in 2018, and I may introduce a couple of new ones as well. There are also pieces in the "History" section revealing some of my own personal life story. I'll continue to share more of that personal history as time goes by in this section.
Important to note in navigating around the site: click on the "labels" below any piece to find others relating to the same topic. For example, check the bottom of this article to get a look at some of those featured series already mentioned.
If you do bother to explore back through pieces from the past, you will notice a couple of things in some of the older pieces. There are some with no formatting, meaning the sentences all run together. There is no paragraph separation and no accompanying cover picture. There are also some references to links that no longer exist.
These issues are mostly found with pieces seven or more years old, and not every piece is affected. This resulted from a technical issue involving the transfer of those pieces from their original web hosting service at AOL to the current Google service. I will be slowly going back as a separate project and cleaning up those old pieces one at a time, over time.
NOTE: the project to clean up format and picture problems in the old articles was completed on November 15, 2017. If you ever find an old article with formatting problems or a missing feature photo, please let me now.
The more recent baseball-themed pieces utilize features that will become regular going forward. These included the incorporation of related videos and links to more information on the topic.
This current renovation is going to be my final major change in format. As we move into the future, who knows what developments might occur in web publishing or technology? Those might again spur a change in the presentation and design.
As far as the topical emphasis and direction, I intend to write on any and every topic that interests me. From the point of the re-launch and forward you will start to once again find news, events, sports, politics, media, faith, family, and more.
Hopefully someone else out there, ideally many folks, are enjoying my writing and are interested in another opinion on these issues. If so, please feel free to let me know. You can do that via the email link available here, on social media, or by leaving comments below individual pieces.
But the fact is that I have always written for myself, for my own pleasure and enjoyment. It's been a means of self-expression, of getting out my inner voice, and of leaving a legacy.
I will announce on my Facebook page and other social media when the actual re-launch occurs. In the mean time, there are more than a thousand pieces available to look back through over the last 13 years. Enjoy!


I have had the distinct honor to have had the opportunity to work with (recently retired detective) Matt Mullins over the last two decades. I watched him start in Boone County as a scrappy road deputy and mature into an extremely talented detective. I've jokingly referred to him over the years as my (sometimes pesky) younger brother from another mother. But I'm proud to call him my friend.
I was privileged to have had the opportunity to work with Vic Lavender over the course of the last two decades, first when he was with the Kentucky State Police & then through his work as a detective of crimes against children with the Boone County Sheriff's Department.
Having worked in dozens of counties in this state, Vic knows just how important it is for law enforcement & prosecutors to work side by side. He also recognizes that complex felony cases like child sexual abuse demand experienced prosecutors who know how to prepare children for the tough road ahead of them & to get them through the process as carefully as possible.
Walt Coleman was the foreman of the jury in the Shawn Ernst capital murder trial in 2002. I had the privilege of getting to know him about 9 years ago, and he is one of the finest human beings that I know. He has spent more time in court watching us try cases than anyone besides our judges, clerks & bailiffs. He knows firsthand how complex felony prosecutions are, and he also knows just how much of my heart, soul & hard work goes into each & every case.
I am privileged to have his support, but blessed to be his friend.
Beth Victor's parents were brutally murdered in Boone County. No event has impacted my life and my career more than the murders of Bill & Peggy Stephenson on May 29, 2011.
I have worked many homicide cases over the last 24 years, but never one that involved two people I knew and love like Bill & Peggy Stephenson.
Angela Kunkel - It's one thing for my opponent & his supporters to attack me. It's another for them to attack those that support me. In a nutshell, the people who are supporting me are those that know me best — family, friends, coworkers, law enforcement, former jurors & grand jurors, witnesses & victims in cases that I have prosecuted over my 24 years. They see right through the misrepresentations & blatant lies being propagated by the other side.
And what they know firsthand is that if your family falls victim to a horrible crime in Boone or Gallatin Counties, that there is NO ONE who will fight as hard as me and my team on your behalf.
Think about it.... if that were to happen to your family come 1/1/2019, would you want someone with NO EXPERIENCE WHATSOEVER AS A FELONY PROSECUTOR handling your case? Or the person who has done it for 24 years, received multiple awards, and has dedicated her entire career to a job she loves?
So yet again, I am blessed to have the support of the Kunkel family. I wouldn't wish what they went through on my worst enemy. But i fought hard to make sure that the monster who harmed their baby girl paid dearly for what he did. And I am forever grateful for their love and support!
I truly appreciate the support of Shaunda and Greg Duncan.
Their daughter, 27 year old Meranda Hobbs ,was killed by her boyfriend on June 4, 2015 in Union, Boone County, Kentucky. She left behind three beautiful children, and her senseless death devastated her family.
Courtney Sandlin is the bravest young woman I know. She and her mother Carolyn survived the unthinkable when their lives changed forever on August 23, 2002 in Gallatin County.
In 24 years, this is the absolute worst case that KSP Post 5, local Gallatin County law enforcement, my office and I have ever worked. That community was changed forever on August 23, 2002.
Carolyn Caldwell and Courtney Sandlin are the two strongest women I have ever met in my life.
Todd Kenner is the son of late Boone County Sheriff Ron Kenner. I first knew Todd as a Kentucky State Trooper. He later worked for the Boone County Sheriff's Department where he quickly made his mark as a Cold Case Detective. In my first 10 years as CWA, Todd solved and arrested FIVE murderers who had gotten away with it for far too long. We successfully prosecuted each and every one, and there are many families who have Todd to thank for bringing some peace to their lives.
I am so grateful to have spent most of my career working side by side with him. He is always the life of the party, and always makes us laugh!
I am blessed to have played a part in bringing justice to the families of Marlene Major, Diane Washer, Tina Stevens and Peggy Casey.


Saint Francis of Assisi, born into privilege, spent his life living and connecting with the poor and working for animals and the environment. In fact, he is considered the patron saint of the environment and all those who study ecology. St. Francis of Assisi died in 1226, but almost 800 years later, it felt like his spirit was alive and well in Washington DC.
I was one of around twenty five students that joined Fossil Free GW for the Moral Action on Climate Rally. The entire morning was full of incredible speakers such as Reverend William J Barber, who called for a moral critique as we are faced with an unparalleled climate crisis that affects most those who are least responsible for causing it. It was full of passionate people who showed up to rally in support of the Popes call of climate justice, ranging from student groups such as us, to parent groups such as Moms Clean Air Force.
But the crowd was there for one reason, to see the modern day Francis who has been making waves in the international community because of his comments about climate change and climate justice. And just like St. Francis, when he spoke people listened. He broached a wide range of topics, from his opposition to the death penalty to immigration. However, the one that was most moving and that drew the largest applause from the crowd was his call for the United States to take "courageous action" on climate change. He continued to call for "…a courageous and responsible effort to 'redirect our steps' and to avert the most serious effects of the environmental deterioration caused by human activity." The Pope's message was heard loud and clear by the people attending the rally, and received raucous applause for his statements. He was well received by Congress, as this was one of several times where he drew a standing ovation from those in attendance. The Pope continues to inspire millions, and hopefully he inspired all members of Congress to take action on stopping climate change and reducing its effect on those most vulnerable.


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Q: Correct way to write __repr__ function with inheritance I'm experimenting with OOP python and I wasn't sure about the __repr__ function inheritance. Since the parent class function looked like this:
def __repr__(self):
    '''Returns representation of the object'''
    return("{}({!r})".format("Class name", self._param))

I wanted to know if it is better to use a generic approach (which could be suitable for children classes as well) like the following one:
def __repr__(self):
    '''Returns representation of the object'''
    return("{}({!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self._param))

or if it is a good practice to override the function in every class.
Also, please ignore the encoding part, since I'm leaving it behind.

A: Yes - - it is not just "ok", but it is what is more practical in almost every project and class hierarchy.
Actually, this is almost a perfect "text book example" of when to use class inheritance, and just let the code in the superclasses be reused.

A: Well the __repr__ has a special meaning in Pythons data model:

object.__repr__(self)
Called by the repr() built-in function to compute the "official" string representation of an object. If at all possible, this should look like a valid Python expression that could be used to recreate an object with the same value (given an appropriate environment). If this is not possible, a string of the form <...some useful description...> should be returned. The return value must be a string object. If a class defines __repr__() but not __str__(), then __repr__() is also used when an "informal" string representation of instances of that class is required.
This is typically used for debugging, so it is important that the representation is information-rich and unambiguous.

That means the string that is returned by __repr__ should be usable to create another object just like it. So __repr__ is something that quite often needs overriding, not because of the __class__.__name__ but because the "state" has to be captured in the representation.
class A(object):
    def __init__(self, param):
        self._param = param

    def __repr__(self):
        '''Returns representation of the object'''
        return("{}({!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self._param))

Then you absolutely should override the __repr__ when you add parameters for __init__:
class B(A):
    def __init__(self, param1, param2):
        self._param = param1
        self._param2 = param2

    def __repr__(self):
        '''Returns representation of the object'''
        return("{}({!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self._param, self._param2))

But in case the __repr__ of the superclass still accurately "describes" the subclass then there's no point overloading the __repr__:
class B(A):
     pass

However it's always a good choice to use self.__class__.__name__ over hard-coding the class name, just in case you or someone else subclasses it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Of the 5,870 public administration professionals employed in Maryland, 2,920 work in Baltimore. There has been a 29% growth in the number of public administration professionals in Baltimore between the years 2006 and 2010. As the number of public administration professionals in Baltimore has increased, overall employment in Baltimore has also increased.
Salaries for public administration professionals in Baltimore have increased. Baltimore public administration professionals made $97,675 per year, on average, in 2010. The average salary for public administration professionals in Baltimore was $85,928 per year, four years earlier in 2006. The growth in the salary of public administration professionals in Baltimore is slower than the salary trend for all careers in the city.
Public administration professionals in Baltimore make a median yearly salary of $91,882. The 10% of public administration professionals in the lowest pay bracket earn less than $49,985 per year, while those in the highest pay bracket earn approximately 137% higher salaries.
On average public administration professionals in Baltimore earn salaries that are higher than the salaries earned by other professionals in Baltimore.
Many of Baltimore's public administration professionals are graduates of one of the 4 accredited public administration schools in the city.
Baltimore's public administration schools offer 7 public administration degree and certificate programs.
Approximately 237 students graduated from public administration courses in 2010.
Currently we are in the process of collecting data for the number of public administration faculty in Baltimore, growth in the field of public administration academia and faculty salaries in Baltimore. If you are involved in teaching public administration courses to students at the certificate in public administration, bachelors degree in public administration, masters degree in public administration, and doctoral degree in public administration levels, please anonymously submit your information in the field below. By doing so, you will be helping us build a valuable database resource for the benefit of current and future public administration faculty in Baltimore. The data we have gathered thus far will be available for you to view once you have submitted your information.


text:
Humua takeuchii is een spinnensoort uit de familie van de loopspinnen (Corinnidae).

De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1987 gepubliceerd door Hirotsugu Ono.

Loopspinnen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tag Archive for: Rod Rosenstein
How Does the Strzok Text Dump Differ from Jim Comey's July 5, 2016 Speech?
December 14, 2017 /164 Comments/in Benghazi Attack, Mueller Probe /by emptywheel
I'm a bit bemused by the response to DOJ's release of the texts between Peter Strzok and Lisa Page. As Rod Rosenstein testified before HJC yesterday, the release came after notice to Strzok and Page through their lawyers. The release of the texts came with the approval of DOJ IG Michael Horowitz — who says the investigation into the underlying conduct may last through spring. And Rosenstein strongly implied he wanted them released, taking responsibility for it (while claiming not to know whether Jeff Sessions had a role in their release).
As he explained to Trey Gowdy — who, like a number of Republicans, claimed to be at a loss of what to say to constituents who asked "what in the hell is going on with DOJ and the FBI" — the release of the texts proves that any wrongdoing will be met with consequences.
Gowdy: What happens when people who are supposed to cure the conflict of interest have even greater conflicts of interests than those they replace? That's not a rhetorical question. Neither you nor I nor anyone else would ever sit Peter Strzok on a jury, we wouldn't have him objectively dispassionately investigate anything, knowing what we now know. Why didn't we know it ahead of time, and my last question, my final question — and I appreciate the Chairman's patience — how would you help me answer that question when I go back to South Carolina this weekend?
Rosenstein: Congressman, first of all, with regard to the Special Counsel, Mr. Strzok was already working on the investigation when the Special Counsel was appointed. The appointment I made was of Robert Mueller. So what I'd recommend you tell your constituents is that Robert Mueller and Rod Rosenstein and Chris Wray are accountable and that we will ensure that no bias is reflected in any actions taken by the Special Counsel or any matter within the jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. When we have evidence of any inappropriate conduct, we're going to take action on it. And that's what Mr. Mueller did here as soon as he learned about this issue — he took action — and that's what I anticipate the rest of our prosecutors, the new group of US Attorneys, our Justice Department appointees. They understand the rules and they understand the responsibility to defend the integrity of the Department. If they find evidence of improper conduct, they're going to take action.
So Congressman, that's the best assurance I can give you. But actually, there's one other point, which is you should tell your constituents that we exposed this issue because we're ensuring that the Inspector General conducts a thorough and effective investigation, and if there is any evidence of impropriety, he's going to surface it and report about it publicly.
I actually think Rosenstein did a much better job than others apparently do, yesterday, at distinguishing between the Strzok texts (which apparently were on DOJ issued cell phones and, in spite of having Hillary investigation subject lines may not have been logged into Sentinel) and the political views of Andrew Weissmann or the past representation of Jeannie Rhee. Furthermore, he repeatedly said he would only fire Mueller for cause, and made it clear there had been no cause. Several times he talked about how closely he has worked with Mueller, such as on the scope of what gets included in his investigation (even while defending the charges against Manafort as appropriately included).
That said, I wonder how Rosenstein distinguishes, in his own mind, what he did in approving the release of the texts from an ongoing investigation and what Jim Comey did on July 5, 2016, when he gave a press conference about why Hillary Clinton had not been charged. While Rosenstein's biggest complaint in his letter supporting the firing of Comey was that he substituted his decision for that of prosecutors, he also argued that the Department shouldn't release derogatory information gratuitously.
Compounding the error, the Director ignored another longstanding principle: we do not hold press conferences to release derogatory information about the subject of a declined criminal investigation. Derogatory information sometimes is disclosed in the course of criminal investigations and prosecutions, but we never release it gratuitously. The Director laid out his version of the facts for the news media as if it were a closing argument, but without a trial. It is a textbook example of what federal prosecutors and agents are taught not to do.
In response to skeptical question at a congressional hearing, the Director defended his remarks by saying that his "goal was to say what is true. What did we do, what did we find, what do we think about it." But the goal of a federal criminal investigation is not to announce our thoughts at a press conference. The goal is to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to justify a federal criminal prosecution, then allow a federal prosecutor who exercises authority delegated by the Attorney General to make a prosecutorial decision, and then – if prosecution is warranted – let the judge and jury determine the facts. We sometimes release information about closed investigations in appropriate ways, but the FBI does not do it sua sponte.
In some ways this is worse because of the off chance that Inspector General Michael Horowitz finds that these texts don't merit some kind of response; the investigation is not finished yet.
That said, I actually do think there's a difference: Strzok and Page are department employees, rather than subjects of an external investigation. DOJ exercises awesome power, and usually DOJ is releasing the texts of private citizens in this kind of embarrassing way.
Even former clearance holders seem surprised that these texts were discovered. It is unbelievable to me how few people understand the great liberty that counterintelligence investigators like Strzok can have in obtaining the communications of investigative targets like he has now become, particularly during leak or insider threat investigations. That may not be a good thing, but it is what other targets have been subjected to. So I think it reasonable to have FBI's own subject to the same scrutiny, for better and worse.
I do think it worthwhile for DOJ to show that it will hold people accountable for improper actions.
Plus, aside from one August comment — which we may obtain more context on when Horowitz does finish this investigation — about an "insurance" policy against Trump, the texts simply aren't that damning (though they do raise questions about Strzok's role in the investigation). Strzok agrees with Rex Tillerson, after all, that Trump is an idiot.
So as far as that goes, I'm actually okay with Rosenstein's release of these texts.
Except I worry about something else.
I actually worry less about Mueller getting fired than just about every other Trump opponent on the planet. Rosenstein seems intent to let him do his work, and (notably at several times during the hearing) seems to agree with the gravity of the investigation. Trump can't get to Mueller without taking out Rosenstein (and Rachel Brand). And I actually think Rosenstein has thus far balanced the position of a Republican protecting a Republican from Republican ire fairly well. I expect the next shoes Mueller drops — whenever that happens — will change the tone dramatically.
What bothers me most about the release of these texts, however, is that they are a response to the same pressure that Comey was responding to (and which he thought he was smart enough to manage, just as Rosenstein surely thinks he can handle it here).
They are a response — from the same people who ran the Benghazi investigation then ignored DOJ's prosecution of the Benghazi mastermind — to a willingness to challenge the very core of DOJ functionality, all in a bid to politicize it.
Perhaps Rosenstein is right to bide his time — to create space for Mueller to drop the next few shoes — with the release of the Strzok texts.
But at some point, Republicans need to start calling out Republicans for the damage they're doing to rule of law with this constant playing of the refs, this demand for proof that Democrats aren't getting some advantage through the rule of law. If those next shoes don't have the effect I imagine, it may be too late.
https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-14-at-8.50.43-AM.png 1036 1944 emptywheel https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png emptywheel2017-12-14 10:19:542017-12-14 11:13:38How Does the Strzok Text Dump Differ from Jim Comey's July 5, 2016 Speech?
Manafort's Lawyers Will Challenge the Legitimacy of Prosecuting the Ukrainian Money Laundering
November 6, 2017 /16 Comments/in 2016 Presidential Election, Mueller Probe /by emptywheel
Over the weekend, I did a Twitter thread on the fun stuff in the latest filing from Paul Manafort's lawyers asking (among other things) that he be let off his GPS monitor. Now that others are reviewing the filing, I'm seeing lots of people miss a key part of what his lawyers are doing.
As I noted, in a footnote, Manafort's lawyers point out that the crimes he has been charged with all pre-date the election.
Of note, his work on behalf of the Ukrainian clients ended around two years before Mr. Manafort agreed to work as the campaign manager for then-candidate Donald Trump.
It's a point they've made before. But it has been misunderstood as a bogus point.
It's not. Here's how the defense has said they're going to defend against this indictment.
At this time, the defense anticipates that pretrial motions will be filed concerning the legal basis for and sufficiency of the charges, the suppression of evidence improperly obtained by search warrant, subpoena or otherwise (including the application of exceptions to common law privileges), as well as motions in limine based on discovery to be provided by the Government in preparation for trial.
To some degree, this is part of a challenge the defense will make to the charging of FARA crimes generally. As they rightly point out, that simply hasn't gotten prosecuted.
The Government's case also concerns whether Mr. Manafort was required to file a report as a foreign agent with the U.S. Department of Justice. The U.S. Department of Justice has only brought six criminal FARA prosecutions since 1966 and it has secured only one conviction during this period. It is far from clear what activity triggers a requirement to file a report as a foreign agent. In order to conceal this weakness in the Indictment, a façade of money laundering has been put forth using a tenuous legal theory. When the money laundering count is peeled back from the Indictment, the forecasted sentencing guidelines are reduced substantially to a fraction of those claimed by the Office of Special Counsel.
What they're ignoring is that the FARA charges are tied to both the money laundering they want to dismiss (Weekly Standard quotes people saying "it doesn't make sense" to have spent $1M on rugs in Alexandria) and to false statements charges that (as DOJ keeps pointing out) have already been validated in the process of getting Manafort's lawyer to waive privilege to explain how she was lied to.
But it also suggests they're going to go after not only the no-knock warrant from this summer (which obtained information proving that Manafort and Gates keep records longer than the six months they have claimed to DOJ in the past), but also other subpoenas and the legal basis for the changes. That is, it suggests they're going to challenge Mueller's authority for investigating these old crimes which, public reporting made clear, long preceded the authorization of the Special Counsel. The legitimacy of the new evidence collection and charges depends on the legitimacy of the exercise of the Special Counsel authority, which is in turn based on,
(i) any links and/or coordination bet ween the Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump; and
(ii) any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation;
(iii) any other matters within the scope of 28 C.F.R. § 600.4(a).
The entire point of noting that the crimes charged here predate the election is to lay the groundwork for legal challenges. Manafort's lawyers are laying groundwork to claim that these charges 1) don't pertain to coordination on the election and 2) can't say to have arisen out of them, because they predated them. Again, that ignores that the 28 CFR §600.4(a) permits Mueller to investigate, "intent to interfere with, the Special Counsel's investigation, such as perjury, obstruction of justice, destruction of evidence, and intimidation of witnesses," which Manafort's false statements about the FARA registration might certainly be construed as.
Now, to be clear, I don't think such a challenge will succeed (in part because of those false statements charges, which are dated to November 23, 2016 and February 10, 2017; the conspiracy to defraud the US also continues through 2017 and in part because Acting Attorney General Rod Rosenstein approved the charges). I also think this Politico piece, which talks about such legal threats, overstates the legal danger of such a challenge (in part because it cites all number of Republican lawyers, including Trump lawyer Jay Sekulow, who are being teed up to bitch about the legitimacy publicly).
But I do think it's a legitimate tactic, one that will serve Manafort's defense, even outside the world of the Sukulow spin.
First, the charges as laid out are designed to steer clear of the election related stuff so Mueller can get Manafort to flip and testify on those without laying out what he already knows. They're also designed to parallel similar charges in NY that can be charged if Trump pardons Manafort. By challenging the legitimacy of the tie between the Ukraine consulting and the election, Manafort may force Mueller to show more of his hand, notably to include why he believes the lies Manafort told last November and in February are part of the election cover-up (I can easily imagine how Mueller would explain it, but imagine he doesn't want to do so, yet). Alternately, to substantiate the ties, Mueller may choose to issue a superseding indictment, tying the Ukraine work more closely to the election stuff, but I suspect he doesn't want to do that, yet.
Also, to the extent that the challenge gets litigated now rather than on appeal (when it will definitely get litigated, if this goes to trial), Manafort may test the guidelines for something the President very much wants to test: whether Mueller can prosecute old business corruption (that in the case of both men happens to implicate compromise by the Russians). Manafort will be taking logical steps for his own defense, but also doing the work of the man who ultimately holds Manafort's ticket to freedom.
Finally, there is the entire point of propaganda. So long as Trump can claim that nothing substantial has been charged against his campaign, both by noting (as he has, repeatedly) that Manafort's charges are unrelated to the election and George Papadopoulos is some random coffee boy, Republicans and Trump supporters will have more space to support him. Once that changes — and the moment that changes will be one of the most fraught legal moments in this case — things may get a lot harder for Trump.
But for now, Manafort is helping the PR case along, and will continue to to the extent that his lawyers continue to argue that the crimes ended well before the campaign.
Update: As Josh Gerstein notes in his story on the government's latest filing, Manafort and the government are actually disputing how long his work in Ukraine lasted:
The parties do dispute one minor factual point: Manafort claims that his work in the Ukraine ended in 2014, ECF#32 at 3, while the indictment alleges his continued work through 2015 on behalf of the Opposition Bloc, after the flight to Russia of President Victor Yanukovych. Indictment ¶ 1.
I have a feeling that discrepancy could end up less minor than suggested.
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The Boente Resignation and the Reported Charge[s]/Indictment[s]
October 28, 2017 /55 Comments/in 2016 Presidential Election, Mueller Probe /by emptywheel
Back in May, I argued (based on the since proven incorrect assumption that Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein would be unlikely to hire a non-DOJ employee like Robert Mueller as Special Counsel), Dana Boente might be the best solution to investigate the Comey firing.
[T]here's no reason to believe he isn't pursuing the investigation (both investigations, into Wikileaks and Trump's associates) with real vigor. He is a hard ass prosecutor and if that's what you want that's what you'd get. His grand jury pool is likely to be full of people with national security backgrounds or at least a predisposition to be hawks.
But — for better and worse — Boente actually has more power than a Special Counsel would have (and more power than Fitz had for the Plame investigation), because he is also in charge of NSD, doing things like approving FISA orders on suspected Russian agents. I think there are problems with that, particularly in the case of a possible Wikileaks prosecution. But if you want concentrated power, Boente is a better option than any AUSA. With the added benefit that he's The Last USA, which commands some real respect.
Yesterday, at about 6:30, WaPo reported Boente's resignation. An hour or so later, CNN first reported that Robert Mueller has approved charges against at least one person who might be arrested on Monday. Not long after that, former DOJ spox Matt Miller revealed that Boente told friends this week he was looking forward to returning full time to his US Attorney post after John Demers takes over as the confirmed Assistant Attorney General for National Security.
Miller assumes that means Boente was forced out, rather than chose to announce his departure — he'll stay until someone is confirmed in his place — after some things he started (such as the investigation into Mike Flynn) are coming to closure.
I don't believe, contrary to what Rachel Maddow has floated, that Boente is stepping down solely or primarily to be a witness. Mueller already has a list of people who witnessed Trump's obstruction. He doesn't need Boente and he'd be better off with Boente at the helm of related investigations than sitting before a grand jury.
So if Boente was forced out, it suggests the charges announced have led to a Trump decision to get rid of Boente, perhaps yet another person he believed would protect him or his close associates.
Or perhaps there's this. I pointed out two weeks ago that an 2002 OLC memo (one interpreting language that Viet Dinh, who's a tangential player in this whole affair, wrote) held that the President could order lawyers to share grand jury information with him.
A July 22, 2002, memo from the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel, written by Jay Bybee, the author of the infamous torture memos, held that, under the statute, the president could get grand jury information without the usual notice to the district court. It also found that the president could delegate such sharing without requiring a written order that would memorialize the delegation.
Bybee's memo relies on and reaffirms several earlier memos. It specifically approves two rationales for sharing grand jury information with the president that would be applicable to the Russian investigation. A 1997 memo imagined that the president might get grand jury information "in a case where the integrity or loyalty of a presidential appointee holding an important and sensitive post was implicated by the grand jury investigation." And a 2000 memo imagined that the president might need to "obtain grand jury information relevant to the exercise of his pardon authority."
If you set aside Trump's own role in obstructing the investigation—including the firing of former FBI Director James Comey—these rationales are defensible in certain cases. In fact, the Justice Department has already shared information (though not from a grand jury) with the White House for one of these very reasons. In January, acting Attorney General Sally Yates warned White House Counsel Don McGahn that Russians might be able to blackmail then-National Security Advisor Mike Flynn. As Yates explained in her congressional testimony in May, after Flynn's interview with the FBI, "We felt that it was important to get this information to the White House as quickly as possible." She shared it so the White House could consider firing Flynn: "I remember that Mr. McGahn asked me whether or not General Flynn should be fired, and I told him that that really wasn't our call, that was up to them, but that we were giving them this information so that they could take action."
A similar situation might occur now that the investigation has moved to a grand jury investigation, if someone remaining in the White House—the most likely candidate is the president's son-in-law, Jared Kushner—were found to be compromised by Russian intelligence. In Kushner's case, there are clear hints that he has been compromised, such as when he asked to set up a back channel with the Russians during the transition.
If Trump were to rely on the memo, he might order a Justice Department lawyer to tell him what evidence Mueller had against Kushner, or whether Mike Flynn or former campaign manager Paul Manafort were preparing to cooperate with Mueller's prosecutors if they didn't get an immediate pardon. Unlike Yates, Trump would have an incentive to use such information to undercut the investigation into Russia's meddling.
I argued in that piece that those who currently have visibility onto the investigation — Rod Rosenstein and Boente — would be unlikely to share such information.
But that doesn't prevent Trump (or Sessions, on his behalf) from asking.
So one possibility is that — as things move towards the next volatile state of affairs — Trump asked Boente to do something he refused.
Update: CNN had the Boente story mid-afternoon, and they say the resignation was long planned. Which may mean the indictment yesterday was something (or things) he had been working on at EDVA for some time.
Update: NBC has yet more conflicting details, reporting that Jeff Sessions' Chief of Staff told Boente on Wednesday he should submit his resignation so Trump can start the replacement process.
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Two Data Points on Jared Kushner
May 30, 2017 /17 Comments/in Mueller Probe, Russian hacks /by emptywheel
I wanted to pull out two data points in this profile of Jared Kushner, completed in the wake of the WaPo story that Kushner attempted to set up a back channel with Russia.
First, as other stories have, this one blames Kushner for encouraging Trump to fire Jim Comey.
But in recent weeks, the Trump-Kushner relationship, the most stable partnership in an often unstable West Wing, is showing unmistakable signs of strain.
That relationship had already begun to fray a bit after Mr. Trump's dismissal of the F.B.I. director, James B. Comey, which Mr. Kushner had strongly advocated, and because of his repeated attempts to oust Stephen K. Bannon, Mr. Trump's chief strategist, as well as the president's overburdened communications team, especially Sean Spicer, the press secretary.
Other times, he serves as a goad, as he did in urging Mr. Comey's ouster and assuring Mr. Trump that it would be a political "win" that would neutralize protesting Democrats because they had called for Mr. Comey's ouster over his handling of Hillary Clinton's use of a private email server, according to six West Wing aides.
I've pointed out before how the investigation into Mike Flynn might, with his cooperation, put Kushner at risk. But I'm interested in the new detail that Kushner assured his father that Democrats would love the firing of Comey because of Comey's handling of the Hillary investigation.
I can see how a dummie might believe that. But I'm at least as interested in how pitching that theory for Comey's firing implicated Rod Rosenstein, insofar as he wrote a letter providing the fig leaf Hillary-based justification for the firing, and thereby led to the naming of Robert Mueller. Rosenstein is still the Acting Attorney General for the Russia investigation now looking more closely at Kushner, and Kushner has effectively already compromised him.
Amid its larger narrative that Kushner and Trump actually haven't been that close all that long, the NYT also reminds that Kushner got a lot of credit from his father-in-law for reviving the digital aspect of the campaign.
Mr. Kushner's reported feeler to the Russians even as President Barack Obama remained in charge of American foreign policy was a trademark move by someone with a deep confidence in his abilities that critics say borders on conceit, people close to him said. And it echoes his history of sailing forth into unknown territory, including buying a newspaper at age 25 and developing a data-analytics program that he has said helped deliver the presidency to his father-in-law.
Despite the perception that he is the one untouchable adviser in the president's inner circle, Mr. Kushner was not especially close to his father-in-law before the 2016 campaign. The two bonded when Mr. Kushner helped to take over the campaign's faltering digital operation and to sell a reluctant Rupert Murdoch, the chairman of Fox News's parent company, on the viability of his father-in-law's candidacy by showing him videos of Mr. Trump's rally during a lunch at Fox headquarters in mid-2015.
There lots of reasons to look askance at Trump's data program, even before you consider that it was so central in a year where Trump's opponent got hacked. So I find it notable (which is where I'll leave it, for now) that Kushner's role in the digital side of the campaign was so central to his perceived closeness to Trump.
Ultimately, I keep noting that Kushner hasn't really been part of the Trump family for that long — just eight years. While I certainly believe Trump looks on the father of his grandchildren as part of the family, I'm not sure how much real vetting they've done of him (and with this crowed, everyone is corrupt in any case).
It will be interesting to see, going forward, what bases for mutual loyalty — such as it exists between these two men — there are.
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Sheldon Whitehouse and the Russia Investigation Deconfliction
May 25, 2017 /10 Comments/in 2016 Presidential Election, Mueller Probe, Russian hacks /by emptywheel
Laura Rozen has me worried.
She pointed to this CNN article — posted sometime this afternoon — describing Sheldon Whitehouse's worries that the scope of the DOJ inquiry into Trump and Russia might conflict with the Congressional inquiries.
Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse, the top Democrat on a Judiciary subcommittee, told CNN Thursday that it's possible Flynn is cooperating with the Justice Department — and that Capitol Hill has not been kept in the loop. He warned that congressional probes that have subpoenaed Flynn for records could undercut Mueller's investigation if the former national security adviser is secretly working with the Justice Department as part of its broader investigation into possible collusion between Russian officials and Trump associates during the campaign season.
"There is at least a reasonable hypothesis that Mike Flynn is already cooperating with the DOJ investigation and perhaps even has been for some time," said Whitehouse, a Rhode Island Democrat.
Whitehouse added he had no direct evidence to suggest that Flynn is cooperating with the Justice Department. But he said there is circumstantial evidence to suggest that it could be the case, saying Mueller must immediately detail the situation to "deconflict" with probes on the Hill to "make sure that congressional investigations aren't inadvertently competing with DOJ criminal investigations."
The Rhode Island Democrat said there are number of factors that suggest Flynn is working the Justice Department in its probe. He pointed out that "all reporting indicates they've got him dead to rights on a false statement felony" in his private interview with the FBI over his conversations last year with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak. He also noted that Flynn has gone silent and retroactively signed on as a foreign agent to Turkey. And he noted that a federal grand jury has been summoned and has issued subpoenas to Flynn associates.
"So none of that proves anything but it's all consistent with the hypothesis that he's already cooperating," Whitehouse told CNN.
"But that's certainly a hypothetical case of a time when we do need need this de-confliction apparatus in place to make sure that congressional investigations aren't inadvertently competing DOJ criminal investigations."
Now, in point of fact, that deconfliction has already happened — or at least started. That's what a May 11 meeting between Rod Rosenstein, Richard Burr, and Mark Warner was described as at the time.
Rosenstein was tight-lipped as he entered and emerged from a secure facility Thursday on Capitol Hill, where he huddled with Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr (R-N.C.) and Vice Chairman Mark R. Warner (D-Va.). The senators said the meeting had been scheduled before Comey's ouster to discuss "deconfliction" — keeping the FBI's and committee's investigations of alleged ties between the Trump campaign and the Russian government from stepping on each other's toes.
According to reports, the meeting was scheduled before the Jim Comey ouster, so it should reflect the scope of what he was investigating, and therefore presumably resembles the scope of what Robert Mueller will investigate.
But there are three reasons why Whitehouse might be justified in worrying that Congress might fuck up what DOJ is investigating.
Obviously, the first is Mueller: the Comey firing might have reflected some new investigative approach (including Flynn immunity), or Mueller, because of the firing, might be scoping the investigation differently.
A second is jurisdiction. Whitehouse and Lindsey Graham have assumed jurisdiction over the Russia investigation for their subcommittee — and the Senate Judiciary Committee obviously should oversee the FBI. So it may be that former US Attorney Sheldon Whitehouse wants to have a deconflicting conversation for himself, because he knows how investigations work (and for all we know is getting tips from DOJ).
The other is another announcement from this afternoon: that the Senate Intelligence Committee had voted to give Chair Richard Burr and Vice Chair Mark Warner the ability to issue subpoenas themselves going forward, without consulting the committee.
The leaders of the Senate Intelligence Committee now have broad authority to issue subpoenas in the Russia investigation without a full committee vote, Chairman Richard Burr (R-N.C.) said Thursday.
The panel voted unanimously to give Burr and Vice Chairman Mark Warner (D-Va.) the blanket authority for the duration of the investigation into Russia's election meddling and possible collusion with President Trump's campaign.
The two Senate leaders must be in agreement in order to issue an order.
Now, as the article notes, thus far, the committee has asked for documents, not testimony. My suspicion is this might have more to do with ensuring Comey's testimony — promised after Memorial Day — is "compelled" in such a way that DOJ can't object.
Nevertheless, the power to subpoena does grant someone (like former Trump National Security Advisor Richard Burr) the ability to fuck with the DOJ investigation by potentially working at cross-purposes. To grant immunity (and therefore to fuck up the investigation as happened in Iran-Contra), I think Burr would still need the support of the committee.
Still, this still gives Burr far more power to thwart the investigation, with only Mark Warner (who unlike Whitehouse has never been a prosecutor) to prevent it.
In theory, I think Whitehouse is just pushing for jurisdiction (and for the ability to demand the same kind of deconfliction conversation Burr and Warner have gotten).
But upon reflection, I don't think his concerns are entirely unjustified.
In any case, I trust Whitehouse (with whatever leftover ties he has to DOJ) to do this review more than Mark Warner.
Update: Burr told Bloomberg he has had a deconfliction conversation with Mueller.
Senate Intelligence Chairman Richard Burr, a Republican from North Carolina, said he has contacted Mueller to discuss their parallel probes of Russian meddling.
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The Last USA: Dana Boente Is the Best Short Term Solution
May 12, 2017 /22 Comments/in Mueller Probe, Russian hacks, WikiLeaks /by emptywheel
In the wake of the Comey firing, particularly given the way Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein let himself serve as a pawn, many people have renewed their call for "a special prosecutor." In the short term, however, I believe Dana Boente — that is, the status quo — is a better solution.
As a reminder, Dana Boente is the US Attorney of Eastern District of VA. With Rosenstein's confirmation as DAG, Boente is the last remaining confirmed US Attorney in the United States. Boente's office is overseeing at least two parts of the Russian investigation: the generalized investigation into Wikileaks, and the investigation into Trump's campaign. The latter investigation recently issued subpoenas to Mike Flynn associates. There are reportedly parts of the investigation in three other places: some work being done in Main Justice, as well a a team investigating Guccifer 2.0/Shadow Brokers in San Francisco, and a team investigating the Russian hackers in Pittsburgh.
But the bulk of what people think of as "the Russian investigation" — the investigation into Trump's cronies — is happening in EDVA, overseen by The Last USA.
In addition to reporting up to Rosenstein as DAG and Rosenstein as Acting AG for the Russian investigation, Boente just took over as Acting Assistant Attorney General for National Security Division — the office that reviews things like FISA orders. That means Boente — for better and worse — has more authority, on several levels, than a "Special Counsel" would have.
First, note I use the term "Special Counsel," not "Special Prosecutor." Ken Starr was a Special Prosecutor, but in the wake of his fiasco and given persistent questions about the constitutionality of having someone who was totally independent from the structure of DOJ prosecuting people, Congress got rid of the provision supporting Special Prosecutors.
So if Rod Rosenstein wanted to appoint someone "independent" to oversee the Russian investigation, he'd have to use the Special Counsel provision.
While I think it is permissible to hire someone from outside of DOJ to do that job (so it is possible he could call up corporate lawyer Pat Fitzgerald for his third ride on the Special Counsel merry-go-round to, in dramatic fashion, save the investigation undercut by the firing of his good friend Jim Comey), in practice the recent Special Counsel appointments (the UndieBomb 2.0 leak investigation, the StuxNet leak investigation, the John Kiriakou prosecution, the Torture investigation, and the Plame investigation) have all been DOJ prosecutors, either US Attorneys (in all but one case) or an Assistant USA Attorney, in the case of John Durham's whitewash of torture. Plus, while Fitz is still well-loved at DOJ and FBI as far as I know, if Rosenstein appointed him, I bet Trump would fire him within minutes because he's sure as hell not going to be "loyal." And because of Fitz' past gunning hard for Cheney and Bush, many Republicans might not put up much of a stink there.
If Rosenstein were to adhere to the practice of naming existing DOJ prosecutors, though, it'd mean he'd be choosing between Boente, The Last USA, or an AUSA (perhaps one of the ones who recently reported to him in MD). In both cases, the Special Counsel would report to Rosenstein for AG approvals (as Pat Fitz reported to Jim Comey for the Plame case).
You can see quickly why Boente is the preferable option. First, there's no reason to believe he isn't pursuing the investigation (both investigations, into Wikileaks and Trump's associates) with real vigor. He is a hard ass prosecutor and if that's what you want that's what you'd get. His grand jury pool is likely to be full of people with national security backgrounds or at least a predisposition to be hawks.
Sure. If next week Trump calls Boente to dinner and demands his loyalty on threat of firing, this may change. But the same logic that people are using with a Special Counsel (that if Trump fired that person, maybe then Republicans in Congress would want something more independent) holds for Boente. Firing The Last USA ought to be as incendiary as firing an AUSA, assuming anything will be.
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The WikiLeaks Deterrent Theory, AKA the Arbitrary Official Secrets Act
April 21, 2017 /14 Comments/in emptywheel, Leak Investigations, WikiLeaks /by emptywheel
Three outlets yesterday — first the WaPo, then CNN, then NYT — reported that DOJ is considering charges against Julian Assange and WikiLeaks. The discussion of what charges, and for what leaks, differs between the reports.
While mentioning the Vault 7 leaks, WaPo also focuses on Chelsea Manning's leaks and Assange's discussions about how to gain access.
In March, WikiLeaks published thousands of files revealing secret cyber-tools used by the CIA to convert cellphones, televisions and other ordinary devices into implements of espionage. The FBI has made significant progress in the investigation of the leak, narrowing the list of possible suspects, officials said. The officials did not describe WikiLeaks' exact role in the case beyond publishing the tools.
Prosecutors are also reexamining the leaks from Chelsea Manning, the Army soldier who was convicted in 2013 of revealing sensitive diplomatic cables. Manning chatted with Assange about a technique to crack a password so Manning could log on to a computer anonymously, and that conversation, which came up during Manning's court-martial, could be used as evidence that WikiLeaks went beyond the role of publisher or journalist.
Alexa O'Brien tweeted out some thoughts and links to what any further prosecution of the Manning leak might entail.
CNN, which is the most certain charges have already been drawn up, explains that DOJ believes WikiLeaks' actions changed in nature with Edward Snowden.
The US view of WikiLeaks and Assange began to change after investigators found what they believe was proof that WikiLeaks played an active role in helping Edward Snowden, a former NSA analyst, disclose a massive cache of classified documents.
I think that may be demonstrably true of Sarah Harrison, who helped a fugitive escape. But I'm not sure the US has equally compelling evidence against Assange.
Perhaps the most interesting discussion comes from NYT, which discusses the ongoing debate — with "senior Justice Department officials … pressuring prosecutors" over what is realistic and what authorities actually want, which is an Espionage conviction.
The official, speaking on the condition of anonymity because the details of the discussions remain secret, said senior Justice Department officials had been pressuring prosecutors in the Eastern District of Virginia to outline an array of possible charges against Mr. Assange.
But the official said prosecutors remained skeptical that they could pursue the most serious charges, of espionage, with regard to the documents Mr. Assange disclosed years ago with the help of an Army intelligence analyst, Chelsea Manning. Ms. Manning was convicted and sent to prison, but President Barack Obama commuted her sentence in January.
Given how few people Trump has confirmed into positions in government, these outlets should be a bit more descriptive. In that passage, for example, and the following from WaPo, what does "senior justice department official" mean when US Attorney Dana Boente is (as I've noted but none of these stories do) also acting DAG and acting AG for any Russia-related charges.
Prosecutors in recent weeks have been drafting a memo that contemplates charges against members of the WikiLeaks organization, possibly including conspiracy, theft of government property or violating the Espionage Act, officials said. The memo, though, is not complete, and any charges against members of WikiLeaks, including founder Julian Assange, would need approval from the highest levels of the Justice Department.
Would Boente be approving charges filed under Boente's name?
Though that may not matter. Rod Rosenstein, who will become DAG shortly, has himself pursued excessive charges in leak cases, both against Thomas Drake and Hal Martin.
Perhaps the most interesting claim is that the FBI thought indicting Assange — who likely won't be prosecuted in any case unless Ecuador suddenly changes their mind about their house guest — would provide some kind of deterrent effect.
Officials have said that the F.B.I. supports prosecuting Mr. Assange. Several years ago, the agency sent a series of documents to the Justice Department outlining charges that investigators claimed to have evidence to support. At the time, F.B.I. counterintelligence agents believed that charging Mr. Assange would deter him from posting new troves of American documents.
I think you'd have to be daft to think prosecuting Assange would deter him from posting more, assuming this happened while he was in the Ecuadoran Embassy. Prosecuting him would only mean he'd have less to lose — and, frankly, more reason to post things that might please America's adversaries, like Russia.
But it might serve as deterrence for other publishing outlets that aren't holing up in an Embassy. Short of some really distinguishing actions (and Harrison's might amount to that in the Snowden case), indicting Assange would put everyone else with a SecureDrop on notice that they, too, might be prosecuted. Surely, DOJ would pick and choose who gets prosecuted. They might choose other easily easily targeted people — people who are gay, people who no longer live in this country, people who have too many dogs — to similarly make examples of (though pity the fool that challenges Glenn Greenwald's First Amendment rights.
DOJ wants to start cutting away at the First Amendment. All the better for them, if in the name of prosecutorial discretion, Jeff Sessions' DOJ could pick and choose which publishers' speech gets curtailed.
https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Screen-Shot-2017-03-07-at-10.05.25-AM.png 246 487 emptywheel https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png emptywheel2017-04-21 12:29:592017-04-21 12:29:59The WikiLeaks Deterrent Theory, AKA the Arbitrary Official Secrets Act
Dana Boente Still Has a Job and Why That's of Interest for WikiLeaks
April 18, 2017 /in Russian hacks, WikiLeaks /by emptywheel
WaPo has a weird story reporting, erroneously, that Donald Trump has no US Attorneys.
Attorney General Jeff Sessions is making aggressive law enforcement a top priority, directing his federal prosecutors across the country to crack down on illegal immigrants and "use every tool" they have to go after violent criminals and drug traffickers.
But the attorney general does not have a single U.S. attorney in place to lead his tough-on-crime efforts across the country. Last month, Sessions abruptly told the dozens of remaining Obama administration U.S. attorneys to submit their resignations immediately — and none of them, or the 47 who had already left, have been replaced.
"We really need to work hard at that," Sessions said when asked Tuesday about the vacancies as he opened a meeting with federal law enforcement officials. The 93 unfilled U.S. attorney positions are among the hundreds of critical Trump administration jobs that remain open.
While it is true that Trump had Sessions ask for the remaining 93 US Attorneys' resignations, he subsequently announced he was keeping Rod Rosenstein (who contrary to WaPo's claim that he "served as U.S. attorney for Maryland" is still there, and who will become Deputy Attorney General as soon as he's confirmed in the next few weeks) and Dana Boente (who is US Attorney for EDVA but also acting AG for the Russia investigation).
Both Boente and Rosenstein made press announcements today; the guys whose custody they announced probably would prefer if they weren't on the job.
I guess the WaPo wanted to suck up to Jeff Sessions and so didn't consider the possibility that we're better off with 91 US Attorney vacancies than 91 racist hacks like Sessions, pushing through his regressive policies.
Anyway, since we've established that Boente still has a job and in fact oversees the Russia investigation, I thought I'd point out something I was considering during last week's threats from CIA Director Mike Pompeo against WikiLeaks.
During Pompeo's comments at CSIS last week, he said,
Julian Assange and his kind are not the slightest bit interested in improving civil liberties or enhancing personal freedom. They have pretended that America's First Amendment freedoms shield them from justice. They may have believed that, but they are wrong.
[W]e have to recognize that we can no longer allow Assange and his colleagues the latitude to use free speech values against us. To give them the space to crush us with misappropriated secrets is a perversion of what our great Constitution stands for. It ends now.
As some people observed, Pompeo's comments are inconsistent with the practice of Obama's DOJ, particularly under Holder. While Holder would have happily prosecuted Julian Assange for his role in release of files leaked by Chelsea Manning, he realized that if he did, he'd be criminalizing stuff that the press does.
Pompeo, at least, seems to disagree.
And the reason why Boente's continued tenure as Eastern District US Attorney — and his role overseeing the Russian investigation — is that he has also been overseeing the ongoing investigation into Wikileaks since 2013.
Consider the fact that Assange's actions of late may be more incriminating than those involving Manning (even assuming Assange can credibly claim he has no way of knowing whether Russia is responsible for the DNC hack, Assange's comments about both the DNC and the Vault 7 leak suggest more coordination than in the past). Then add in the fact that Boente, for the next few weeks anyway, might be able to claim to be both US Attorney and Acting AG on any role by WikiLeaks in the publication of the DNC emails. And it raises the possibility that Boente would use this window to indict Assange.
I think that's unlikely. Moreover, while an indictment would give the US reason to pressure Ecuador even more to boot Assange, it's not clear they would. But it's possible.
https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Screen-Shot-2017-03-07-at-10.05.25-AM.png 246 487 emptywheel https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png emptywheel2017-04-18 22:19:482017-04-18 22:19:48Dana Boente Still Has a Job and Why That's of Interest for WikiLeaks
The Friday Afternoon Massacre: Who Is Overseeing the Trump Investigation?
March 10, 2017 /23 Comments/in 2016 Presidential Election, Russian hacks /by emptywheel
Update: After refusing to resign, Preet has now officially been fired. It remains to be seen whether there's some underlying legal reason to force Trump to do this, or whether it's press grand-standing.
Dana Boente, the US Attorney for Eastern District of VA and Acting Deputy Attorney General since Trump fired Sally Yates, just called the other US Attorneys and told them to submit their resignations effective immediately.
The press seems most interested in whether this order covers media hound Preet Bharara, US Attorney for Southern District of NY. Preet is leading an investigation into NY political scandals affecting key Democrats, and Trump had told him he would be kept on (Preet's political godfather is Chuck Schumer, which may have had something to do with that).
But I'm far more interested in whether Boente himself is resigning to himself.
In addition to serving as Acting DAG, since Jeff Sessions recused himself from any investigation into Trump last week, Boente has been in charge of that investigation. So if Boente resigned to himself this afternoon, it would mean no one was in charge of the investigation. Plus, Boente also oversees several other interesting investigations, notably the long-standing investigation of Wikileaks.
Mind you, Rod Rosenstein, at least until this afternoon US Attorney for MD, is all teed up to be confirmed as DAG. Except Richard Blumenthal has said he would hold up that investigation until a special counsel was appointed to investigate Trump. With no DAG and no one in charge of the Trump investigation (the USAs in WDPA, DC, and NDCA, who also have a piece of the investigation presumably also just resigned), Blumenthal might be pressured to relent on that front.
Update: NBC finally got some clarity on Boente — he (and Rosenstein) will stay on. Which I guess means Preet is out.
https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Screen-Shot-2016-10-30-at-8.18.27-AM.png 1104 1766 emptywheel https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png emptywheel2017-03-10 17:38:092017-03-11 15:16:31The Friday Afternoon Massacre: Who Is Overseeing the Trump Investigation?
Why Isn't Neil MacBride Investigating the Alleged UndieBomb 2.0 Leak?
June 12, 2012 /3 Comments/in Leak Investigations /by emptywheel
I'll have more general comments about today's Senate Judiciary Committee oversight scrum and what it says about leak investigations. But I want to note a very small point Eric Holder made.
When trying to explain to the Republicans why it made sense for DC US Attorney Ronald Machen and Maryland US Attorney Rod Rosenstein, he said there parts of the matters under investigation in their districts. In other words, he assigned the US Attorneys according to jurisdiction (or, to be cynical, he just made a big show of having the people who should investigate these matters anyway investigate them).
But consider. The three alleged leaks that might be investigated are:
UndieBomb 2.0
Drone targeting
Now, StuxNet is easy. Rosenstein's district includes NSA; StuxNet is a NSA project; therefore it's probably safe to assume he's investigating that alleged leak.
Then things get confusing. It would make sense to investigate drone targeting in DC, which is where stories portrayed the Terror Tuesday meetings occurring, and therefore to have Machen lead that investigation, and that may well be happening. Though drone targeting is the one alleged leak that public reports haven't made clear have been included in the scope of the investigations. Let's just assume that if drone targeting is being investigated, it is being done by Machen.
I'm more confused still about who is investigating the UndieBomb 2.0 alleged leak. There seems to be little doubt that alleged leak is being investigated. But why isn't being investigated in Eastern District of VA?
CIA thwarted a plot!!! the headlines read, until it became clear that it was really a Saudi investigation and it wasn't a plot but a sting. Yet the CIA was definitely involved, at least according to all the reporting on the story. And the US Attorney from EDVA–Neil MacBride–would have a jurisdiction over CIA issues that is just as strong as the US Attorney from MD's jurisdiction over NSA investigations.
These spooky agencies like keeping their investigations close to home.
So why didn't Holder include MacBride in the dog-and-pony show last week?
There are several possibilities, all curious:
FBI has reason to believe the main leak did come from John Brennan's conference call with Richard Clarke and Fran Fragos Townsend, which he placed from the White House
The op wasn't run out of CIA after all, but was instead liaised with the Saudis through the NSC or State
The story never really existed, and the Saudis just fed us the story of an UndieBomb to give an excuse to start bombing insurgents in Yemen
Maybe there's some entirely different, completely bureaucratically boring explanation. But Holder's comment about district based selection (he didn't use the word jurisdiction, though) suggests it should have been logical for MacBride to take the lead on UndieBomb 2.0. But he isn't.
https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png 0 0 emptywheel https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png emptywheel2012-06-12 13:47:372012-06-12 13:47:37Why Isn't Neil MacBride Investigating the Alleged UndieBomb 2.0 Leak?
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It Was All [Fruman's] Contacts in Ukraine
Che on It Was All [Fruman's] Contacts in Ukraine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Project 01: Binary Relationships
Starting off the semester, our class had to work with binary relationships which is the relationship between two words relating with each other. For my project, I used the relationship "Regular:Irregular" which is the relationship between regular and irregular shapes. In my drawing, I incorporated these two by drawing simple regular shapes and then combining multiple regular shapes to make it in an irregular fashion put inside these regular shapes to turn something regular into a more complex figure. Moving into my model, I wanted a similar result.
Our main requirement for the model was to make it within the boundaries of a 12' x 12' x 12' cubic shape, so what I did was a made a cut out of one section of a cube to symbolize regularity, and then like in my drawings, I combined multiple regular shapes, all toughing each other and relating in some way to make it irregular inside the cube cutout to show Regular:Irregular for my final result.
For my preliminary work for the Binary Relationships project, we had to work with single verbs and binaries to see how they could be interpreted in our final model of our project. Up above are some sketchup models of different single verb models including Extend, Bend, Notch, and Pinch.
Project 02: Dallas Museum
Continuing into the 2nd nine weeks of Architecture class, we had to design a museum on a site in Downtown Dallas. This site was located in the Arts District, where a Liquor store is currently located. The site measure 165' by 355', which is relatively a long, narrow site to design a museum.
Just like my first project, I used the binary "Regular:Irregular". I used curves and edges, as well as a rotunda in the entrance to the Museum and arches that criss-cross in the center that give in natural light. The famous 20th century architect, Frank Lloyd Wright was a big inspiration for the main rotunda piece in the front of the building, more specifically his work on the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.
For my preliminary work, I explored a rectangle like shape with a center piece opening that would be the entrance. After evalutating this design, I decided to warp it up a bit and see how I could incorporate a Rotunda in my design process. My consensus was that my building would be rotated, with the rotunda piece as the entrance to give the guests a sense of openness and comfort when entering my museum.


Sometimes we might feel unsure about what we believe about God or about life. Sometimes we are simply looking for a challenge. Maybe we want to go deeper into our faith.
Campus Ministry serves as a resource center for the religious and spiritual needs of students, staff and faculty. We have open, caring and knowledgeable staff to talk to. You can make an appointment to see one of our priests or any of our campus ministers. We also have peer ministers who are there for students in times of need.


The Gene Franchini New Mexico High School Mock Trial State Championships were held March 18 and 19, 2016.
The state champions are Albuquerque Academy! Congratulations!
The team from Albuquerque Academy and Kristen Leeds, CCV Program Director will be traveling to Boise, Idaho for the National Championship in May.
Outstanding attorneys and witnesses are chosen in each round by the judges. The most outstanding attorney and witness is given the Larry Zamzok Award and $500. The winners of the Zamzok awards are Samsara Durvasula, Attorney and Gabe Remer, Witness.
Other top performing attorneys and witnesses are recognized as well and given an award.
The Gene Franchini scholarship was established in 1997 in honor of the Justice who was a devoted supporter of the mock trial program for nearly a quarter century. His unfailing passion for helping young people learn about his favorite subject led him to serve each year as a judge in regional, state and national mock trial. This year's scholarship recipient is Mariel Jones from Amy Biehl High School. She will receive $1000 towards college expenses.


New handcrafted marble shelves dinning room decor small. Bathroom for the home marble small shelves with shelf prepare 8. Small storage shelves for bathrooms round self rimmed marble sink. Bathroom : bathroom marble shelves top freestanding small nobailout.


PITTSBURGH — The Steelers appeared to concentrate more on special teams during Saturday's two mini-camp practices at the UPMC Sports Complex, and there were a lot of players getting opportunities.
The punt-return group included incumbent starter Stefan Logan, veteran Antwaan Randle El, third-round draft pick Emmanuel Sanders and seventh-year pro Mewelde Moore.
Hines Ward and Mike Wallace are the front-runners for the top two receiver spots, while Randle El likely wasn't signed to later be cut. Sanders, sixth-round pick Antonio Brown, third-year player Limas Sweed, eighth-year pro Arnaz Battle, Logan and young free agents Jason Chery, Brandon London and Tyler Grisham are battling for the backup spots.
The Steelers are likely to take five receivers into the season, like last year, when Logan was the fifth guy but rarely did more than special teams. Sanders, initially, appears to be a player who could fill several roles with special teams included. But the knock on him is that he was a receiver in SMU's run-and-shoot scheme, so adapting to the NFL will be difficult.
"It's always been said that run-and-shoot quarterbacks and receivers can't make it in the NFL, but it's already been proven wrong for quarterbacks," Sanders said. "And I'm about to prove that it's wrong about receivers, too.
Wallace certainly can replace Holmes as the Steelers' big-play wideout, and he has shown a penchant for getting deep during the opening two days at mini-camp. The only issue has been with timing on the long throws from the club's quarterbacks.
Starter Byron Leftwich under-threw Wallace Friday and made sure that didn't happen again Saturday. He cut loose with nearly a 60-yard bomb to Wallace on a post pattern that the receiver had no chance to run under.
"I was just trying to prove a point," Leftwich said, referring to his ability to throw the long ball.
"That won't happen again," Wallace responded, meaning that he won't be overthrown like that again.
Brown, who is roommates with Sanders, had the catch of the day. He dove on a sideline toss from Dennis Dixon and got his hands under the ball for the catch. For the most part though, the receivers had a rough day.
Logan ran a sharp hook route near the sideline in the afternoon, caught the pass and spun toward the middle of the field for a breakaway score. Linebacker Keyaron Fox whiffed, as Logan faked him out on the play.
One final mini-camp practice is scheduled for 11:30 a.m. Sunday, but the players likely will be called to the field and then dismissed after a final meeting. There was a lot of instruction in this mini-camp, and the stage was set for more work to be done in Organized Team Activities (OTAs) beginning May 18.


Hello lovelies, today I have for you a lipstick that all those red lovers out there will love I'm sure!
Super red, post box red! Defiantly the reddest lipstick in my collection. I think personally you would need a lip liner with this lipstick as it gets everywhere. I'm not a lip liner wearer though and still not brave to wear a red this bright as much as I would wear a really bright purple strange I know. But that's just me, for those who do love there bright reds though this is for you I'm sure of it!
I was lucky enough to get this at a bloggers event in Birmingham last year from a lucky dip. I am hoping to brave it and wear this one night at the weekend when the fellas back for a night out. This did stay put on my lips a good few hours staining them which I like as I love a lipstick with good staying power. A satin finish with a hint of glossyness. It feels very nourishing on the lips with sweet smells of vanilla and a hint of coconut!
W7 lipsticks are super cheap for there quality, I can't actually find this lipstick anywhere online sorry but I'm sure they do similar ones.
Do you own a W7 lipstick?
I've never heard of W7. I must try out their lipsticks. Lately I'm using lip pencils.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub