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Can You Get COVID-19 Through Your Plumbing?
April 12, 2020posted by Eric
Wash your hands. Practice social distancing. Wear a face mask when you're out doing errands and sanitize your hands frequently. Although most of us have heard similar precautions for the coronavirus pandemic, we are learning every single day that there is another part of transmission. Research continues to help us learn more about how the novel coronavirus, also called COVID-19, is transmitted from person to person.
Now, you have to wonder, "Can COVID-19 be transmitted through a plumbing system?"
According to research agencies like the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COVID-19 is not present in drinking water. This is good news. It means that disinfection and filtration can remove the virus from water.
Now, let's discuss the not-so good and bad news.
How Plumbing Can Transmit COVID-19
Similar to other highly contagious viruses, like SARS, COVID-19 has been detected in fecal matter and sewage. In 2003 during the SARS outbreak, transmission through sewage aerosols was detected. Furthermore, SARS was found to remain in untreated sewage for "up to 14 days." That said, transmission of coronavirus through sewage has not been recorded and it thought to be low risk.
This doesn't mean that you can be lax when dealing with plumbing problems during this coronavirus pandemic, however. If you live in a multi-tenant building, such as an apartment or assisted living, you are going to want to take extra precautions.
Aside from observing current guidelines for limiting transmission, such as washing your hands frequently and practicing excellent hygiene, here are some other tips:
Dry piping can be a source of contamination, like any other dry surface. Keep plumbing systems from drying out by pouring water into drains regularly.
Avoid odors coming from dry pipes.
Do not leave septic tanks broken or uncovered.
Continue routine plumbing inspections to catch any problems that could potentially spread COVID-19.
The U-trap in toilets needs about 0.2-0.4 gallons of water to function properly and avoid dryness. Showers, bathtubs, sinks, and other plumbing fixtures or appliances may need between 1-2 gallons.
Regularly clean kitchen and bathroom fixtures with non-toxic antiviral solutions.
When dealing with clogged or overflowing toilets, sinks, or showers and tubs, avoid contact with fecal matter. Get rid of standing water quickly.
If you are concerned about COVID-19 transmission after swimming in a community pool or water parks, don't worry. Aside from regular person to person transmission, there has been no evidence of coronavirus being transmitted through pool water or any similar places. It is thought that proper sterilization and disinfection with bromine or chlorine inactivates COVID-19.
Dangers of COVID-19 For Multi-Tenant Buildings
Even after over a million confirmed cases of coronavirus throughout the world, there is no evidence of the virus spreading via plumbing. However, there have been suspicions surrounding an apartment complex in Hong Kong. In February 2020, two tenants caught coronavirus, and the complex with partially evacuated. However, three more cases were soon reported. Interestingly, the original COVID-19 patients lived in apartments that were vertically aligned but 10 stories apart. The toilet discharge pipes were also linked.
Experts pondered the connection. Pathogens can definitely be transmitted, particularly in old buildings that have self-refitted exhaust fans and pipes, old water traps (U-traps), faulty plumbing systems, and so on.
After an investigation of the building in Hong Kong, it was said that the U-trap might have contributed to the spread of COVID-19. The U-trap should always have a small amount of water, because it acts as a plug that stops contaminants from rising back through the pipes and into the air.
The transmission of coronavirus through air particles is still being studied, but most scientists believe there is some risk. If COVID-19 acts like SARS, which can be carried on air particles, then it is certainly possible that coronavirus, when present in fecal matter, could contaminate the air should the U-trap in the plumbing system be defunct.
Fecal Matter and COVID-19
With all this talk of excrement, we need to get to the bottom of it all—pun intended. Plumbers handle all kinds of unsanitary conditions, so this is important to know. If coronavirus can be washed off with water or inactivated by disinfectants like chlorine and the chance of it being present in air particles is relatively low, then how much of a risk is feces?
The CDC and research published in Popular Science both stated that COVID-19 "can be transmitted through contact with infected feces," but there is also some skepticism. The CDC states that "the amount of virus released from the body in stool, how long the virus is shed, and whether the virus in stool is infectious" is not yet known.
What we do know is that droplets of the virus are spread through coughing and sneezing. Fecal-oral transmission could then be possible. While the notion is certainly gross, this takes us back to the reason washing your hands is so important to limiting contamination. Whenever you touch a doorknob, toilet seat, lavatory door, or somewhere that could potentially have fecal matter, you could be at risk.
In short, while COVID-19 is highly contagious, there is still a lot of things we do not know about the virus. Preliminary research has found that water transmission of the novel coronavirus isn't possible, but fecal and fecal-oral transmission is certainly possible. That is why it is important to keep maintaining your plumbing system to stop clogs and overflows before they start. Avoid any contact with untreated sewage, wear protective gear (mask and gloves) when necessary, and keep washing your hands.
In the event you run into a plumbing problem during social distancing, find a professional who is trained to handle these kinds of emergencies. Stay safe. Stay healthy!
tagged: Coronavirus and plumbing, Covid-19 and Plumbing, Plumbersin Covid-19 and Plumbing


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3 Oscar Nominations From India In 2023
Manya Singh
Having three nominations at the iconic Oscar Awards is indeed a great deal for India. One feature film and two documentaries: SS Rajamouli's RRR, Shaunak Sen's documentary feature All That Breathes and the Netflix documentary The Elephant Whispers.
On Twitter, the official account of the RRR movie expressed their gratitude as they took to Twitter to post their reaction, "WE CREATED HISTORY!! Proud and privileged to share that #Naatu Naatu has been nominated for Best Original Song at the 95th Academy Awards. #Oscars #RRRMovie".
Have a look at these Oscar Nominations from India 2023!
Meanwhile, the film had been subjected to nominated in multiple categories like Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor. However, despite the "over the top" Oscar campaigns run by the film for this year's Academy Awards, it didn't make it to India's pick for Oscars. But the Golden Globe Award-winning song Naatu Naatu has already been declared as one of the nominations in the Best Original Song Category which in itself is a eureka moment for India, let alone the film industry.
Previously, in the same category, at the 81st Academy Awards, Gulzar and A.R Rahman received an Oscar for Jai Ho from Slumdog Millionaire. In addition to this, India has two more feathers to its cap with the two additional nominations of the two documentaries All that Breathes and The Elephant Whisperers which emerged to be nominated under the categories of Best Documentary Feature Film and Best Documentary Short Film respectively.
While Pan Nalin's Gujarati film Chhello Show was short-listed in the Best International Film Category but it missed an inch from being nominated. As the Academy Awards are set to feature live on the 13th of March this year, it will indeed be an anticipated moment for India to watch its home-grown productions rule the news globally. Historically, Mehboob Khan's Mother India was India's first submission at the Academy Awards for the Best Internal Feature Film category.
Suggested Reading: RRR Creates History Again With This Win At Critics Choice Awards
Academy Awards 2023Oscar Nominationsoscars 2023

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Author: Goldenbb
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Gastroenterology Research and Practice
Gastroenterology Research and Practice / 2016 / Article
AbstractIntroductionMethods and MaterialsResultsDiscussionConclusionAbbreviationsAcknowledgmentsReferencesCopyright
Volume 2016 |Article ID 2045697 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2045697
Anahita Sanaei Dashti, Pedram Ghahremani, Tayebeh Hashempoor, Abdollah Karimi, "Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric Adenovirus Gastroenteritis in under-Five-Year-Old Children in Iran", Gastroenterology Research and Practice, vol. 2016, Article ID 2045697, 5 pages, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2045697
Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric Adenovirus Gastroenteritis in under-Five-Year-Old Children in Iran
Anahita Sanaei Dashti,1 Pedram Ghahremani,2 Tayebeh Hashempoor,3 and Abdollah Karimi2
1Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193613311, Iran
2Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193613311, Iran
Academic Editor: Greger Lindberg
Received08 Aug 2015
Revised25 Oct 2015
Accepted26 Oct 2015
Published10 Jan 2016
Background. Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major sources of morbidity and mortality among young children in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human adenovirus- (HAdV-) 40 and HAdV-41 in children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in five different health centers of Iran. Methods. In a cross-sectional epidemiological study, we studied 2682 fecal specimens that were collected from children under the age of 5 years in five educational and therapeutic pediatric centers in Iran from February 2012 to February 2013. Samples were tested for HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, using a specific pair of primers in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results. HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 were detected in 132 (5.18%) of the patients with diarrhea. A significantly higher prevalence of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 (58.3%) was observed in children under 12 months of age, compared to other age groups. The male to female ratio was 1.7. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrated that HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 could be considered etiological agents for acute gastroenteritis among children in Iran. The PCR as a rapid test may increase the chance for a relatively mild course of the disease followed by a complete recovery and avoiding administration of unnecessary antibiotics.
Acute gastroenteritis is a very common disease that causes a significant mortality in developing countries. Worldwide, gastroenteritis affects 3 to 5 million children each year [1] and accounts for 1.5 to 2.5 million deaths per year or 12% of all deaths among children less than 5 years of age [1–3].
Though it seldom causes death in developed countries, it puts a heavy burden on the health care system [4], as it accounts for 10% of all hospital admissions for children under the age of 5 years.
Viruses are the most important etiologic causes responsible for approximately 70% of the episodes of acute gastroenteritis in children [4]. Worldwide, rotavirus is still the most common virus causing this disease [5, 6], followed by adenovirus types 40 and 41, astrovirus, and calicivirus [6, 7]. The rate of enteric adenovirus 40 and 41 varies from 1–8% in developed countries to 2–31% in developing countries [5, 7], but the prevalence is increased in immunocompromised patients [8].
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are one of the major causes of a number of different clinical syndromes including gastroenteritis, respiratory disease, conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, and exanthema. They comprise 51 different serotypes (HAdV-1 to HAdV-51) grouped into 6 species, A to F. The enteric serotypes that are mostly associated with gastroenteritis are Ad-40 and Ad-41 which belong to species F.
Enteric adenoviruses associated with protracted diarrhea which may contribute to infant dehydration and malnutrition in developing countries [4, 5] spread predominantly by the fecal-oral route [3, 4]. Usually, after an incubation period of 8 to 10 days, periodic diarrhea occurs, with low grade fever, vomiting, abdominal pains, and dehydration [3, 6].
In a survey done in Taiwan, clinical features of enteric adenoviruses types 40 and 41 in children were diarrhea (96.9%), fever (54.7%), vomiting (45.3%), mild dehydration (43.8%), symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (21.9%), and abdominal pain (12.5%) [9]. Long-lasting diarrhea (mean 10.8 days) was a predominant symptom of enteric adenoviruses in comparison to rotavirus [10]. In another comparative study, adenovirus gastroenteritis differed from rota- and astrovirus infections by subacute onset, less frequent vomiting, more frequent development of mild and moderate dehydration, and abdominal pains and distension [11].
These viruses exist year-round in all parts of the world but are most prevalent during spring, early summer, and midwinter in temperate climates [3, 5].
The present study was performed to identify the predominant adenovirus serotypes and their epidemiologic characteristics in infants and children with acute gastroenteritis from five different pediatric therapy centers in Iran.
2. Methods and Materials
The study was carried out from February 2012 to February 2013 on 2682 stool samples, obtained within 48 hours of admission to the hospitals of children under 5 years, suffering from acute gastroenteritis, from five different cities of Iran: Tehran, Shiraz, Mashhad, Tabriz, and Bandar Abbas. All the patients were examined according to the criteria described earlier for the number of episodes and the duration of vomiting and diarrhea, associated symptoms, and the extent of dehydration and treatment [12]. Patients with acquired or congenital immune deficiency were excluded from the study. The fecal specimens were stored at −70°C immediately for later virological tests. Informed consents were obtained from parents before collecting the samples. The Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences approved the study. Demographic data were collected by questionnaires including sex, age, and living place. The specimens were stored at −80°C until processing to detect viral antigens.
The viral nucleic acid was extracted from stool suspensions by using the Bioneer kit, according to the manufacturer's instructions (Bioneer, Korea).
The extracted DNA was used as a template for amplification of HAdV-hexon gene. A 261 bp fragment was amplified using specific sense and antisense primers (Ref) including 5-GCCACCGATACGTACTTCAGCCTG-3 and 5-GGCAGTGCCGGAGTAGGGTTTAAA-3, respectively [13]. Briefly, the extracted DNA was amplified by standard PCR using primers recognizing the HAdV-hexon region. The reaction mixture consisted of 0.2 mM dNTP, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 1 U of Taq DNA polymerase (Fermentas, Lithuania), PCR-buffer 1x (Fermentas, Lithuania), and 1 mM of each primer. The PCR conditions consisted of 30 cycles of 4 min at 94°C, 30 s at 94°C, 62 s at 60°C, 60 s at 72°C, and a final extension cycle of 72°C for 7 min. PCR products were loaded on 1% agarose gel along with 100 bp molecular size DNA ladder (Fermentas, Lithuania).
Descriptive analysis including frequencies and nonparametric tests including chi-square and t-test were performed. Comparison of the mean values between groups was performed using the t-test. A value of 0.05 or less was considered to be statistically significant. Data analysis was carried out using statistical software SPSS version 15.
A total of 132 out of 2982 (5.18%) episodes of acute gastroenteritis were associated with Ad-40, Ad-41 genomic detection. The samples of healthy control were not positive.
The highest incidence of diarrhea caused by Ad-40 and Ad-41 was in children less than 24 months of age (121 cases or 91.6%) and less than 12 months of age (77 cases or 58.3%) and in children between 6 and 12 months of age (32 cases or 24.2%) (Figure 1). The rate of infection was significantly different between children under 24 months of age and the older ones (Chi-Square, ). Males and females constituted 62.87% and 37.1% of the patients with positive result, respectively. The male to female ratio was 1.7.
Age wise distribution of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 positivity in gastroenteritis patients.
Viruses are the most common cause of diarrhea in children. After rotavirus, enteric adenovirus is assumed as an important cause of viral diarrhea leading to noticeable deaths in children in many countries [14]. Among different types of HA, adenoviruses types 40 and 41 are one of the most common etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children less than two years of age [15, 16].
Fodha et al. examined 638 stool samples to assess the incidence of diarrhea related viral pathogens in Tunisian children. According to the results, rotaviruses, astroviruses, and adenoviruses types 40/41 were present in about 30% of specimen. The astroviruses had the highest incidence in diarrhea and the frequency of adenovirus strains was 6% in this study [17]. In a multicenter case-control study in Africa and south Asia on 9439 children, rotavirus and, to a lesser extent, adenovirus 40/41 (<5%) were the most common pathogens causing moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children [18].
Moyo et al. found that the frequency of adenovirus infection was higher in under-1-year-old infants. Also, they reported that nondiarrheic and diarrheic children had similar prevalence of adenovirus [19].
The other viruses that are now recognized to play a major role in sporadic gastrointestinal illnesses are noroviruses [20]. Early serosurveys documented a high prevalence of norovirus antibodies in children, but, because the virus was rarely detected in fecal specimens, its role in causing the infection seemed questionable [21].
The present study highlights the prevalence of enteric adenoviruses, HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, among acute gastroenteritis cases from five different cities of Iran. Viral DNA was detected using PCR technique. HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 infection was found in 5.18% of children with diarrhea but was not detected in the control group.
There are different reports about the prevalence of viral gastroenteritis in Iran. Previous epidemiological studies in Iran such as those done by Shokrollahi, Motamedifar, and Hamkar showed that 20%, 9%, and 2.3% of viral gastroenteritis were attributable to the adenoviruses, respectively [22–24]. However, a review of published data about viral gastroenteritis in Iran from 2002 to 2013 showed that enteric adenovirus incidence was 5.7% in children with acute gastroenteritis [25] which is consistent with our findings.
Also, a previous study conducted by Nakhaei Sistani et al. reported that 6.25% of Iranian children from neonates up to ten years old were positive for genomic HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 [26].
In other countries, a low rate of adenovirus infection was reported. In countries like Turkey, the USA, Thailand, Korea, the UK, Australia, Argentina, Sweden, and France, the prevalence of enteric adenovirus ranged from 1.55 to 15%, compared to that of our study, that is, 5.18% [27–32].
In an analysis of the age group with HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 infections, we observed that 91.7% (121/132) of positive cases were children under 2 years of age. The age distribution was similar to that reported by previous study [9].
In this study, vomiting, fever, abdominal pains, watery diarrhea, and dehydration were the most common specific symptoms in children with HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 infections, similar to previously reported study [33].
To avoid false-positive serological results caused by past infection of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, using the species-specific PCR that is an available tool for the characterization of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 with the advantage of testing clinical specimens directly is highly recommended.
There are some difficulties in establishing the diagnosis of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 infections including the lack of a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method for use in public health laboratories and hospitals; consequently, the frequency of these viral infections is underestimated.
The main methods used to detect HAdVs in clinical samples such as blood and stools are antigen detection assays, such as enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence (IF) or immunochromatography tests, or PCR-based techniques. All immune-detection methods are of particular interest because they yield results quickly; besides, these methods are generally used for screening HAdVs in stool samples or respiratory fluids, since these kinds of samples are heavily loaded with HAdV particles, in case of infection [34, 35].
However, although the PCR test for diagnosis of these viral infections, HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, is the gold standard, it is not routinely performed on all stool specimens negative for bacterial and other viral infections including rotavirus, despite the fact that HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 are almost a common cause of infectious gastroenteritis.
Given such conditions, acute diarrhea remains a major public health problem in developing countries including Iran, and the detection of the HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 infections could improve the diagnostic coverage of viral gastroenteritis in children < 2 years of age, the major age group affected by this disease [15, 16].
Admitting the diarrhea as an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide and understanding the prevalence of pathogens involved in diarrhea are a key strategy for prevention policies and antibiotic stewardship programs. The present study showed that a small proportion of cases (5%) were attributable to adenoviruses types 40 and 41, a fact that would be leading in the above-mentioned issues.
HAdV: Human adenovirus
PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
Anahita Sanaei Dashti performed design of study and contributed in paper drafting. Pedram Ghahremani performed data acquisition follow-up and assisted in data analysis. Tayebeh Hashempoor contributed in drafting the paper. Abdollah Karimi participated in the design of study.
This work was financially supported by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The authors also express special thanks to Mr. Javad Moayedi at Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, for statistical assistance. Their thanks also go to Hassan Khajehei, Ph.D., for copyediting of the paper.
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text:
Pseudococcus pertusus är en insektsart som beskrevs av Mckenzie 1967. Pseudococcus pertusus ingår i släktet Pseudococcus och familjen ullsköldlöss. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Ullsköldlöss
pertusus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Rafael rambling: Bolha versus mercado.
Leiam o ótimo post do pcalçado.
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Million screen pixels combine to form a radiant picture for highly articulated details and piercing clarity in everything you watch. E-series raises the bar with 12 Active LED Zones. This advanced innovation dynamically adjusts your screen's backlight to adapt to the content on-screen to deliver incomparable contrast levels, sharper details and the deep, pure black levels.


Marvel Comics' November 2013 solicitations didn't include a new issue of "Captain Marvel," but series writer Kelly Sue DeConnick wrote on her Tumblr that the book's devoted fans shouldn't be worried.
"Exciting news coming, but I don't want to step on any Marvel toes by speaking out of turn," DeConnick said. "Until official word is out, Carol Corps -- stay tuned, have faith. It's all good. I've never lied to you before, have I?"
DeConnick later updated the post to tell readers to make sure to buy the "Carol Corps"-themed issue, October's #17.
Also in November, "Avengers Arena" reaches its planned end with issue #18, dubbed "the searing series finale!" that's also "the launch pad for what comes next." In April, series writer Dennis Hopeless revealed that the "Boss Level" arc would serve as the finale for the first "season" of the series.
"The 'Boss Level' arc brings the story we set up with issue #1 to a close," Hopeless told CBR. "We told you from the start that this was a 30-day competition. 'Boss Level' takes us all the way to day 30 and beyond. After this, everything changes."
Elsewhere in Marvel's November solicitations, recent "Winter Soldier" artist Nic Klein is listed on interiors for "Captain America" #13, two issues after Carlos Pacheco's debut on the series. Marvel confirmed to CBR News that Pacheco will be back on the book with issue #14.


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Implementation of Support/Helpdesk and delivery of training for administrators and users completes our service.


text:
class NetworkActionsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_network_action, only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]

  # GET /network_actions
  # GET /network_actions.json
  # GET /network_actions.csv
  def index
    @network_actions = NetworkAction.all
  end

  # GET /network_actions/1
  # GET /network_actions/1.json
  def show
  end

  # GET /network_actions/new
  def new
    @network_action = NetworkAction.new
  end

  # GET /network_actions/1/edit
  def edit
  end

  # POST /network_actions
  # POST /network_actions.json
  def create
    @network_action = NetworkAction.new(network_action_params)
    @network_action.user = current_user

    respond_to do |format|
      if @network_action.save
        format.html { redirect_to @network_action, notice: 'Network action was successfully created.' }
        format.json { render :show, status: :created, location: @network_action }
      else
        format.html { render :new }
        format.json { render json: @network_action.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

  # PATCH/PUT /network_actions/1
  # PATCH/PUT /network_actions/1.json
  def update
    respond_to do |format|
      if @network_action.update(network_action_params)
        format.html { redirect_to @network_action, notice: 'Network action was successfully updated.' }
        format.json { render :show, status: :ok, location: @network_action }
      else
        format.html { render :edit }
        format.json { render json: @network_action.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

  # DELETE /network_actions/1
  # DELETE /network_actions/1.json
  def destroy
    @network_action.destroy
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html { redirect_to network_actions_url, notice: 'Network action was successfully destroyed.' }
      format.json { head :no_content }
    end
  end

  private
    # Use callbacks to share common setup or constraints between actions.
    def set_network_action
      @network_action = NetworkAction.find(params[:id])
    end

    # Never trust parameters from the scary internet, only allow the white list through.
    def network_action_params
      params.require(:network_action).permit(:actor_id, :network_event_id, :action_type, :description, :member_ids => [])
    end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How long does a sha1 hash take to generate? How long does a SHA1 hash take to generate (for about 60 bytes?)
And compared to other hashes?
Thanks in advance.

A: Of course, the actual time taken to generate the hash will depend greatly upon your hardware, so specific timings are impossible to provide.
That said, it's possible to indicate the performance of the SHA1 hash algorithm relative to other hash algorithms.
The following links provide performance comparisons of many different popular hash algorithms:
Crypto++ 5.6.0 Benchmarks
MD5 vs. SHA-1, Performance & Pedigree
Performance Comparison: Security Design Choices
(Check about half way down, under the heading "ComputeHash")
From the last link:

ComputeHash
The method computes the hash of data stored in a file. We performed
  the tests with a data size of 4 KB, 135 KB, and 1 MB to see how the
  size of data impacts performance.

Figure 4. Hash algorithms (4 KB): RPS and response time
Note:
.NET Framework supports various hash algorithms including MD5, SHA1,
  SHA256, SHA384, and SHA512. The only difference between the various
  SHA implementations is the hash size that they produce. We opted to
  include only SHA1 and SHA512 in our tests. We used
  System.Security.Cryptography that provides various implementations of
  SHA1 and MD5. There is just one implementation of MD5 available in
  System.Security.Cryptography: MD5CryptoServiceProvider that wraps
  CAPI. SHA256, SHA384 and SHA512 are not currently available in
  CryptoAPI. These algorithms are implemented directly in managed code.
  These algorithms have been added just to support the new key
  generation requirements of AES, not to provide stronger algorithms
  than SHA1. The current belief is that SHA1 is more than adequate for
  hashing data. For SHA1 and SHA512, we used managed implementations,
  SHA1Managed and SHA512Managed, respectively, available in
  System.Security.Cryptography. As shown in Figure 4, all the algorithms
  are very similar in performance with SHA512 slightly behind. MD5
  produces a hash of size 128 bits. The computation process in SHA is
  very much modeled after MD5. It produces a 160-bit hash.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Heim de Balsac ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Frédéric-Louis Heim de Balsac (1869–1962), französischer Mediziner, Agronom und Botaniker
 Henri Heim de Balsac (1899–1979), französischer Zoologe
 Raymond Heim de Balsac (1903–1972), französischer Kardiologe


Dina Marques, vice principal of Los Nilos County School in El Salvador.
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text:
Buhari's interest not national interest-Secondus
August 28, 2018 October 4, 2018 Publisher
…..assures Presidential aspirants of fairness. The National Chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party, PDP, Prince Uche Secondus has berated President Muhammadu Buhari for trying to subjugate his interest as a national interest and his personal political security as national security. Prince Secondus said that at the center of every national interest is as contained in the constitution and the rule of law of the nation and democracy is anchored on them. The National Chairman made the assertion when he received two Presidential aspirants of the party, former Sokoto state governor…
PolityBuhari's interest not national interest-Secondus .....assures Presidential aspirants of fairness. The National Chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party, Dr Ibrahim Dankwambo at the party's national campaign office otherwise called legacy house in Maitama, PDPLeave a comment
Buhari Commissions West Africa's Largest Brewery in Ogun
President Muhammadu Buhari has called on companies, operating in the country, to take full advantage of the industrial opportunities Nigeria offer. He said this is because the country is rated very high, in the area of ease of doing business, while officially commissioning the International Breweries Plc, Flowergate Industrial Scheme factory, along the Sagamu-Abeokuta expressway, yesterday. Represented by the Secretary to the Government of the Federation (SGF), Mr. Boss Mustapha, he urged other states to emulate Ogun's industrial stride, which according to him, will help the nation's economy grow. Assuring…
News ClipsBoss Mustapha, Buhari Commissions West Africa's Largest Brewery in Ogun, West Africa largest Brewery1 Comment


Senator Bob Corker (R-TN) claimed Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman would be convicted of the murder of Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi in "30 minutes" if there were a jury trial.
"If the crown prince went in front of a jury, he would be convicted in 30 minutes," GOP Sen. @BobCorker says after CIA Director Gina Haspel's briefing on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.
Corker, who is the head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, was among several lawmakers who expressed rage at Salman after a briefing from CIA Director Gina Haspel. Legislators have vowed to punish Saudi Arabia, proposing a measure which would remove U.S. support for the Saudis in the civil war in Yemen.
President Donald Trump has declined to blame Saudi Arabia––or the Crown Prince––specifically. Saudi Arabia, for its part, had initially denied any involvement in Khashoggi's disappearance but claimed via state media in October that Khashoggi had been strangled in a fistfight with 15 men sent to confront him at the Saudi consulate in Turkey. The kingdom implicated some of the crown prince's associates in the murder and Saudi authorities later detained several high-ranking officials.


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text:
James James (aussi connu sous le nom bardique de Iago ap Ieuan) ( - ) était un harpiste et musicien gallois de Pontypridd, Rhondda Cynon Taf. Il composa l'air de l'hymne national gallois Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau (Pays de mes ancêtres).

James James composa la mélodie qui fut ensuite connue comme Hen Wlad fy Nhadau en janvier 1856. Au départ, elle fut connue sous le nom Glan Rhondda (les rives de la Rhondda), ce qui engendra la tradition selon laquelle l'air lui était venu à l'esprit tandis qu'il marchait sur la rive de la rivière Rhondda. Son père, Evan James, écrivit les paroles qui devinrent finalement celles de l'hymne national gallois.

Un mémorial à James James et son père, sous la forme des muses de la Poésie et de la Musique, se trouve à Ynys Angharad Park, Pontypridd.

Source

Harpiste britannique
Naissance en novembre 1833
Décès en janvier 1902
Naissance dans le Rhondda Cynon Taf
Décès à 68 ans


text:
Q: Knowledge Article URL from inside Customer Community Is there a way to send a link to a customer for a Knowledge article that will take them directly to it on the community site? The use case is we send out an email to a customer who has a customer community license and access to knowledge on the customer community. Is there a way to send a URL for a specific article that when they click the URL it will take them to the customer community, where if they aren't logged in already they will have to, then after they log in automatically re-direct them to the article within the customer community?

A: For most internal pages (behind authentication) within a community, if you attempt to hit the page unauthenticated, you are prompted to authenticate and then redirected to the page your were attempting to access. For some reason however, Knowledge does not work that way. If you attempt to access a Knowledge article that requires authentication and that is not exposed to the Public Knowledge Base, you receive a 404 and not a login prompt. If you wanted to create an IdeaExchange idea around this, I think it's a good one.
Therefore the only way to accomplish this is with your own creative workaround. You'll want to create a Visualforce page that handles the unauthenticated redirect, call it KnowledgeRedirect or something. This page will need to be exposed via the communities Sites settings to unauthenticated users (via Public Access Settings for the VF page). The page would accept a querystring parameter that is either the id or name of your knowledge article (some unique identifier). On hitting the page with that querystring param, you would first check to see if the user is authenticated. This should suffice in apex:
if (UserInfo.getUserType()=='Guest') {
    //redirect to the login page with the querystring param on the startUrl or retUrl, I can't recall, one of those
} else {
    //redirect to the knowledge article
}


In the Museum of St. Mark in Venice may be seen a portrait labeled: "Frs Girolamo Savonarola." It is a profile and in it Art has achieved, if not a masterpiece, at least a bit of work that has the power to fascinate the beholder. No feature in itself is attractive; the nose is over-prominent, the lips are thick and protruding, and the eye is strangely unquiet - yet, the whole face, set in the blackness of the friar's cowl, takes hold of the Imagination and casts a kind of spell upon one. Why? Perhaps because the face mirrors the man himself so well, the strange enigmatic Savonarola, who after the lapse of over four hundred years, can still arouse the deepest interest in all students of history, and fascinate then by the ever-recurring problem of how the quiet, retiring youth, thoughtful and prayerful, developed into the man of fire, who denounced the evils of his day in fierce and trumpet tones, and chastised with bitter words the shortcomings of both high and low.


text:
The Times EP
Pitchfork Radio
By Jesse Jarnow
The iconic songwriter offers a selection of tunes from across his catalog, performed live in his house and recorded with an iPad. It sounds as starkly homemade as you'd expect.
Neil Young's live audiences this year have included a cat, several dogs, a barnyard of disinterested poultry, and Daryl Hannah. The actor, Young's wife and quarantine partner, is also the in-house cinematographer for the Fireside Sessions, an endearingly homemade series of performance videos shot on an iPad in and around their Colorado home. These brief sets, uploaded to Neil Young Archives, Young's personal website and idiosyncratic high-resolution streaming platform, effectively constitute his touring for the year. That makes The Times, which documents a July Fireside Sessions performance of topical and socially conscious songs from across Young's vast catalog, something like his newest live release.
The iPad's rudimentary digital recording capabilities give The Times a lo-fi but distinctly modern starkness that stands in contrast to Young's longstanding fixation on sound quality and love of vintage (and expensive) analog gear. The raw sound, mixed and mastered to the fullest extent possible, carries a certain populist immediacy, capturing Young's voice through the same consumer-level technology available to everybody else. After Young's 50-plus years making records, The Times is a new kind of homegrown.
Listening to The Times feels a bit like checking in on a cool older relative's social media feed to affirm they haven't gone QAnon-level bananas during quarantine. Young mercifully has not. The collection's two songs that he hasn't previously released are "Lookin' for a Leader 2020," which updates 2006's "Lookin' for a Leader" with lyrics about Black Lives Matter, and a cover of Bob Dylan's "The Times They Are A-Changin'." Though both affirm Young's commitment to righteousness, neither hit particularly hard as music. "The Times" feels too vague, and "Lookin' For A Leader 2020" too specific. Both are easier to appreciate as emotional windows into Young than statements unto themselves.
"Ohio," Young's 1970 protest song about the National Guard's murder of four Kent State students that year, hits harder. A half-century later, as it becomes increasingly clear that "four dead in Ohio" is a tiny sliver of unceasing state-enacted violence on American citizenry, the song is as painful and real as ever. "Alabama," originally released on 1972's Harvest, is nearly as powerful. Young's solo acoustic version plays like a black-and-white photograph next to the full-color harmonies by Stephen Stills and David Crosby on the original. Unlike the more aggressive "Southern Man," also included here, "Alabama" is more imagistic than prescriptive, with "banjos playing through the broken/glass windows down in Alabama" before the white robes of the Klan flash by—a haunting open-ended quality that lends itself to the stripped-down treatment. The Times' version of "Southern Man," merely a smaller-sounding take on an otherwise powerful classic rock song, doesn't transform itself in quite the same way.
Young is releasing The Times through his longtime label Reprise, and via an exclusive streaming deal with Amazon Music. Still, the EP's ramshackle documentary spirit is in line with the Neil Young Archives project, where the performance was first broadcast, and it feels most genuinely political when considered in that context. What began as a quest for high-resolution audio via the much-punchlined Pono player eventually resulted in Young's own independent, self-updated platform, a full-service site for his music, writing, and videos. And if he loosened his anti-corporate stance by partnering with Amazon on The Times, he holds it strongly at the Archives. He recently announced he would be removing the option for users to log in via Facebook and Google ("Facebook is screwing with our election," he wrote), further cutting off his corner of the internet from its dominant navigation platforms.
Young has said he chose to release The Times via Amazon "because no one delivers better sound to the masses," and it's possible to read some willful perversity into his decision to give them an EP he recorded on an iPad in less than an hour. Whether a sellout move, an ironic statement, or just another example of Young's decades-long zig-zag through pop music, The Times feels genuine and unforced—an organic expression of whatever he was feeling at the time, in all its weirdness and contradiction. In other words, it's prime Neil Young.
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We have a tv mounted above fireplace that is too close and needs to be raised. The wall is delicate (some sort of porcelain render has been applied) so require for professional job.
Three properties each in Miners Rest, Soldiers Hill and Winter Valley require the TV Cable to be connected to the brand new Hisense TV within the property. Needs to be completed within the day and the TV Cables need to be provided.
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text:
Goran Sudzuka
What You Might Have Missed In Marvel's June 2017 Solicitations
Every month, comic publishers release their solicitation announcements to provide information to readers and retailers on comics that are coming out in three months' time, but there's so much information dropped at once that a lot can slip through the cracks.
This month in Marvel&apos…
Kieran Shiach
Browne & Woods Send Up Superheroes In 'Hero Killers'
Dynamite Entertainment has made a name for itself in the past decade as the place to go for reverential yet modern takes on classic Golden Age superheroes like The Black Terror, The Death-Defying Devil, and The Green Lama in its Project Superpowers shared universe.
Now, Dynamite is throwing out the…
What You Might Have Missed In Marvel's January 2016 Solicits
This month, in Marvel&apo…
ESPN and Marvel Display the Heroism of Women in Sports
In a striking blend of female empowerment and corporate synergy, ESPN has teamed with Marvel to commission a variety of comics artists to draw superheroic portraits of the 2015 Impact 25, a list of women who have had an "impact" on sports in the past year.
The images are uniformly strikin…
Elle Collins
Interview: Brian Azzarello & Cliff Chiang Talk 'Wonder Woman'
Azzarello and Chiang's Wonder Woman has been praised for putting forth an epic, cohesive and narratively self-contained superhero drama with flourishes of the urban fantasy that once defined DC's Vertigo imprint, but has also been criticized for the changes it made to Wonder Woman's c…
Patrick A. Reed
Simon Oliver Branches Out to Gen-13…and Hellblazer!
Simon Oliver, best known for his work on Exterminators, is expanding his horizons--taking on a 6-issue arc of Wildstorm's Gen-13 (as revealed in San Diego), and just announced--writing a Hellblazer spinoff mini-series featuring Chas, John Constantine's long-suffering cab-driver friend...


When you buy or lease a new Ford, you're not just getting dependability you can count on -- you're getting the outstanding convenience of Ford SYNC® technology! Most new Ford models come with either Ford SYNC® or Ford SYNC® 3 technology, so visit our Ford dealership near Boston, MA, to see which can be found inside the new Ford car, truck or SUV you're interested in. We'll show you how to use Ford SYNC® and show you which Ford SYNC® apps are included in each Ford SYNC® package. Visit Acton Ford today and learn more about Ford SYNC® compatibility!
Ford SYNC® has been hailed as the next generation of voice-activated technology. It comes in two versions -- Voice-activated SYNC® and Next Gen SYNC® 3 -- and allows you to control your music, apps, navigation and more using easy-to-understand voice commands.
How Does Ford SYNC® Work?
Not sure how to use Ford SYNC®? We can show you at Acton Ford! Just connect your compatible smartphone to your Ford and your favorite music, apps, podcasts and more transfer from your phone onto your car's built-in touchscreen. Ford SYNC® apps such as SYNC® AppLink® make it easy to send and receive texts, make phone calls and choose your entertainment just by making a simple voice command. You can enjoy over 150 channels of commercial-free music and talk radio when you download the SiriusXM® Satellite Radio app. And because your safety is always the first priority, complimentary 911 Assist® comes standard on Ford SYNC®.
What is Ford SYNC® 3?
If you want to enjoy every perk that Ford SYNC® technology has to offer, buy or lease a new Ford that offers Ford SYNC® 3. With Next Gen SYNC® 3, you can connect to the Ford+Alexa app through SYNC® 3 AppLink® and access exclusive features like Amazon Prime shopping, Voice Navigation, Traffic Information and more. In fact, you can even control your compatible Smart Home Devices from the comfort of your Ford! The available SYNC® Connect Wi-Fi® hotspot allows everyone to surf the web as you go, because it can connect up to 10 devices without hurting internet speed, even when you're up to 50 feet away from your Ford. And with Ford SYNC® Connect, you can lock, unlock and start your car all from the FordPass™ mobile app. Factor in the convenience of available Navigation with SiriusXM® Traffic and Travel Link®, and you'll find that commuting with Ford SYNC® technology is an absolute pleasure.
If you have any questions about how Ford SYNC® works or what Ford SYNC® apps are available, contact Acton Ford today. A member of our Ford sales team will be happy to assist you!
Two versions of SYNC to choose from.


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Grant number like: HD-50821-09
Alexandria Archive Institute, Inc. (San Francisco, CA 94127-2036)
Nada Shabout (Project Director: April 2009 to February 2012)
HD-50821-09
Digital Humanities Start-Up Grants
[White paper][Grant products][Media coverage]
The Open Modern Art Collection of Iraq: Web tools for Documenting, Sharing and Enriching Iraqi Artistic Expressions
The creation of a database with community input to reassemble the partially dispersed and lost collections of the Iraqi Museum of Modern Art in Baghdad.
The Open Modern Art Collection of Iraq (OMACI) project will prototype a robust, participatory content-management system to trace, share and enable community enrichment of the modern art heritage of Iraq. The project represents a collaborative effort of the University of North Texas, the Alexandria Archive Institute, and the School of Information at UC Berkeley. OMACI will create a virtual gallery with images of works of art, many of them now lost, from the Iraqi Museum of Modern Art in Baghdad, linked to publications, exhibition catalogs, and personal documentation. Technologies deployed in this project focus on ease of use and localization, extensive and inclusive documentation, community contribution, and syndication of content elsewhere on the web. The success of the system lies in its ability to reach a wide and participatory audience across the globe, offering users the ability to document, discuss, explore, and enrich Iraqi artistic expressions and experiences.


Which nutrient value is the greatest among all sorts of vegetables? You might find it tricky to compare. But a recent study concluded that the average nutritional value and disease prevention of broccoli is much ahead of other vegetables and rankings.
The nutrients in broccoli aren't only high in material, but also comprehensive, such as carbohydrates, protein, fats, minerals, vitamin C and carotene. Based on the analysis, every 100 g of fresh broccoli flower ball contains 3.5 g - 4.5 g of protein, which can be 3 times that of cauliflower and 4 times that of tomato. Additionally, the mineral makeup of broccoli is more comprehensive than other vegetables, as well as the contents of calcium, phosphorus, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and manganese are very rich, which is a lot higher than the cabbage blossom which belongs to the cruciferous family.
Many people think that tomatoes, peppers, etc. are the most abundant vegetables containing vitamin C. In fact, the vitamin C content of broccoli is significantly higher than them, and it is also significantly higher than other common vegetables. Moreover, the variety of vitamins in broccoli is very complete, especially the rich material of folic acid, and this is also an important reason why its nutritional value is greater than that of common vegetables.
Our company's Delicious Freeze Dried Vegetables can meet your daily nutritional needs.
Among them, the most popular now is Natural Fd Broccoli Dices. If you want to taste, please call us and let us know.


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"Don't Feed the Beast"
Feb 12, 2015 | News
by John Lindsay-Poland
Original article published by the Huffington Post
Applying Human Rights Standards to Federal Police Grants
The preventable deaths of Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and others at the hands of police have drawn attention to the frequently excessive use of force by police, all too often fatal, and the lack of justice for such violence.
By one count, U.S. police killed more than 655 people in the first eight months of 2014 alone. It is not known how many of these were avoidable or criminal, since the federal government does not require reporting of officer-involved shootings – a problem in itself. But protests and public opinion reflect a widespread conclusion that justice has not been done.
This has coincided with growing federal assistance to police departments across the country, much of it equipment brought back from full-scale wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Pentagon equipment valued at over $5 billion, including 78,000 "controlled" military items, has gone to 8,000 police departments. The Department of Homeland Security has given cash grants to local departments of more than $41 billion since 2002 for "counter-terrorism" equipment.
The Albuquerque Police Department has received $1.2 million in Pentagon gear since 2009, including sniper-scopes and a mine resistant vehicle. Yet Albuquerque police shot and killed 32 people during the same period, according to municipal records. The Justice Department found last April that the APD "engages in a pattern or practice of use of excessive force, including deadly force."
The White House review of federal aid to local police concluded in December only with a request for funds for training and body cameras, kicking harder decisions down the road.
Some Pentagon equipment is not appropriate for use by any local law enforcement agency, even those without unresolved incidents of abuse. A bipartisan bill introduced in September would prohibit transfers to local law enforcement of armed drones, grenades, armored vehicles, .50 caliber weapons and other materiel not suitable for policing. But more strategies are needed.
There is already a federal law governing U.S. foreign assistance that offers a useful standard for grants to police within the United States. The Leahy Law prohibits all aid to a foreign police or military unit if there is credible information that members of the unit have committed a gross human rights abuse and haven't been brought to justice. The Leahy Law is meant to incentivize effective justice in cases of serious human rights violations. Yet there is no such law governing federal assistance to local police within the U.S. Departments with chronic issues of abuse can still receive military hardware and other assistance.
By legislation or executive order, the federal government has much leverage to advance justice for police abuses: it can prohibit Pentagon equipment grants, Homeland Security counter-terrorism funds, and other assistance to police departments that demonstrate a pattern of abuses, or in which there are unresolved federal complaints of civil rights violations.
The experience of communities and data compiled by activists indicate widespread racism by police forces. That pattern needs to be addressed on many levels. But any police homicide credibly alleged to be unjustified, in which the officers responsible have not been held accountable, should trigger a suspension of federal assistance to the department implicated and an investigation. Just as the Leahy Law denies assistance to foreign police units credibly reported to have committed even one serious violation, such as torture or extrajudicial killing, the same standard should apply to domestic police departments – such as the Ferguson police department, which had received Pentagon equipment.
Current requirements to use military hardware within a year of receiving it or forfeit it back to the federal government also constitute a perverse incentive to escalate the use of force, even when circumstances may never merit the equipment's deployment. These requirements should be scrapped. Since the federal government retains title to most items granted to local police departments, it should recall that equipment when local forces have outstanding cases of extrajudicial killings.
Moreover, to establish an authoritative national registry of police-involved shootings, police departments should be required to annually submit documentation of such incidents.
These requirements are not foreign. In response to recent scrutiny, the Pentagon in November began to screen police department grantees to exclude those with open federal investigations. Law enforcement agencies are likely to push back against such proposals. But their resistance must be met with determination and clarity that agencies that commit gross abuses must not be rewarded until justice is done.
John Lindsay-Poland is a researcher with the Fellowship of Reconciliation Peace Presence.


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Manju Ray es una científica india en enzimología molecular y bioquímica del cáncer. Ha realizado un trabajo notable en el desarrollo de fármacos contra el cáncer y en la comprensión del proceso de diferenciación de las células.  Sus intereses abarcan la bioquímica tumoral y la enzimología molecular.

Carrera
Se graduó de la Universidad de Calcuta con títulos de maestrís en fisiología en 1969 y doctorado en bioquímica en 1975.  Comenzó su carrera en el Departamento de Bioquímica de la Asociación India de Cultivo de la Ciencia y se convirtió en profesora.  Desde diciembre de 2010, es científica emérita en el Instituto Bose del Consejo de Investigación Científica e Industrial (CSIR).  Su investigación, a lo largo de un largo período de su carrera en el departamento de bioquímica de la Asociación India para el Cultivo de la Ciencia (IACS), en Jadavpur, en asociación con un equipo de científicos y médicos, ha llevado al desarrollo positivo de una droga para el tratamiento del cáncer.

Premios

 Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Medalla Joven Científico en Ciencias Biológicas en 1975
 Premio Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar de Ciencia y Tecnología en Ciencias Biológicas en 1989.
 Premio Dr. IC Chopra Memorial
 Premio a la memoria del Dr. Jnan Chandra Ghosh

Publicaciones
Ray ha publicado una gran cantidad de artículos científicos como autora principal en asociación con otros, algunos de los cuales son:

 Inhibición de la respiración de células tumorales por metil glioxal y protección de la inhibición por lactaldehído (1991) en International Journal of Cancer
 Inhibición del flujo de electrones a través del complejo I de la cadena respiratoria mitocondrial en las células del carcinoma de ascitis de Earlich por metilglioxal (1994) en Biochemical Journal
 Glyoxalase III de Escherichia coli, una nueva enzima novedosa para la conversión de metilglioxal en D-lactato sin glutatión reducido (1995) en Biochemical Journal
 Metilglioxal: De un supuesto intermedio de la degradación de la glucosa a su papel en la comprensión de que la formación excesiva de ATP en las células puede conducir a la malignidad (1998) en Current Science
 Gliceraldehído-3-fosfato deshidrogenasa de Earlich Ascites Carcinoma cells: su posible papel en la glucólisis alta de células malignas (1999) en European Journal of Biochemistry

Referencias

Químicos de India
Bioquímicos de India
Indias del siglo XX
Indias del siglo XXI