text:
Shouwang Township or Shouwang Hui Ethnic Township () is a rural ethnic township in Zhaoyang District of Zhaotong, Yunnan, China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 40,000. It is surrounded by Fenghuang Subdistrict on the north, Buga Hui Ethnic Township and Yongfeng Town on the west, Xiaolongdong Hui and Yi Ethnic Township on the east, and Zhongshui Town of Weining County on the south.

Administrative division

The township is divided into 7 villages:
 Shuijingwan Village ()
 Kaizi Village ()
 Baxian Village ()
 Huluping Village ()
 Ganhe Village ()
 Liujiahaizi Village ()
 Maguizha Village ()

Geography
Jingfeng Reservoir () is a reservoir and the largest body of water in the township.

Climate
The township enjoys a plateau monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of , total annual rainfall of , a frost-free period of 220 days.

Economy
The main industries in and around the township are forestry and farming.

Religion
The locals believe in Islam and the township has 2 mosques: Baxian Mosque () and Songjiashan Mosque (), both were originally built in the Qing dynasty (1644–1911).

Transportation
Zhaoyang–Weining Road () passes across the town.

References

Divisions of Zhaoyang District
Ethnic townships of the People's Republic of China

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
TV Animation Veteran Andrei Svislotski Passes Away, Aged 62
Animation veteran Andrei Svislotski sadly passed away on Monday, Dec. 19th at age 62. The Russian-Born animator had a rich and colorful career, which he embarked upon after studying architecture and animation in Moscow and working on Russian shows such as Kubik, Doremi and Cat Leopold.
In the 1990s he joined L.A.-based Klasky Csupo studio, working on animated shows such as Edith Anne, Santo Bugito and Duckman as character designer, layout supervisor and animator.
Svislotski was an in-demand animation director for popular Nickelodeon series such as Aaahh!!! Real Monsters, Rocket Power, Rugrats and its sequel All Grown Up! He also helmed several Curious George home-video projects. He received a Daytime Emmy nomination for his work on Aaahh!!! Real Monsters in 1995 and another Emmy nom for directing the Curious George series in 2014, an acclaimed 2D show that he worked on for many seasons. He was also character layout supervisor on The Rugrats Movie in 1998 and was animation director on the studio's adult animated project The Immigrants. He also directed several episodes of Disney Jr.'s Sheriff Callie's Wild West.
He also worked as a storyboard artist on a wide variety of projects including A Very Pink Christmas, Doc McSuffins, DreamWorks Dragons, Peter Rabbit, Masha and the Bear, Mickey Mouse Clubhouse and Mission Force One. In addition to Klasky Cuspo, he worked with Nickelodeon, Paramount, Brown Bag Films, Universal, Disney Junior, and DreamWorks Animation TV through the years.
Svislotski's friends have set up a fundraiser to support his family during this difficult time.
They wrote, "On December 19th, 2022, our dear friend Andrei Svislotski suddenly passed away at work. He was 62 years old. Andrei was a man of enormous talent and a very fun guy to be around. He will be gravely missed by his wife Elena, their son Kirill, and all of his friends and colleagues which are many."
To contribute to the late artist's fundraiser visit: http://spot.fund/rXcpG2sc
R.I.P. Andrei Svislotski, June 3, 1960 - December 19, 2022
Original source: Animation Magazine.
Labels: Animation, In Memoriam, Klasky Csupo, Nickelodeon Animation, Nickelodeon Movies, Nickelodeon News, Nickelodeon Shows, Nickelodeon Staff, NickToons (Animation), Peter Rabbit, Real Monsters, Rugrats, TV Shows
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Classic Rugrats Comic Strip for December 26-31, 20...
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TV Animation Veteran Andrei Svislotski Passes Away...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are collecting biographical and career data of central and provincial high-ranking officials. For now, the database contains 4563 cadres including all the Central Committee members (中央委员) and Alternative Central Committee members (中央候补委员) from 1st to 18th Party Congress, Standing Members of Provincial-level Committees (省委常委) from 1976 to 2015, deputy directors of ministries or equivalents (副部级之类), Members of Central Law and Politics Leading Group (中央政法委员), and People's Liberation Army (解放军) high-ranking officials from 1992 to 2015. We are constantly updating the name-list. The database will be published soon.
In the database, we provide detailed biographical information including birth year, gender, ethnicity, county-level birth place, education level, university alma maters, year of entering and retiring the CCP, work experience prior to becoming a CCP member, revolutionary and purged background, and all the job trajectories that each cadre had experienced since 1949. In particular, we build up the most extensive job codes that can virtually identify almost every party, military, and government departments and sub-departments from the central level to the county level. The database also includes directly administered organs of the state council, bureaus administrated by each ministry, temporary or cooperative offices, leading small groups in party and government, mass organizations led by the CCP, and abolished departments from 1949. There are 2411 administrative units, 1040 universities and colleges, and 15000 job specifications in the codebook.
Building up this large-scale database only with manual efforts needs too much time and energy. I wrote a Visual Basic script that automatically scraps, parses, and compiles web-based biographical information from a variety of open-source web-pages including encyclopedia, newspapers, blogs, government websites, and so on. The main sources will be cited along with the codebook. From unstructured text-formatting data, the automated web-scrapper has achieved over 90% accuracy rate on demographic variables and around 80% detection rate on career variables. I am currently working on improving accuracy and detection rates of the automation processes. After the program stores the scrapped data in our local data-server, we manually double-check and confirm the stored information. You can download the automated programs, here.


I am pleased to announce that Giant Eagle members have overwhelmingly voted to approve a new 3-year union contract, retroactive to July 1st, 2018. This new contract includes significant increases to starting and hourly wages, improved benefits, a signing bonus, stronger anti-discrimination language, and much more. I would like to thank the union bargaining committee for all their hard work to achieve this agreement for you. Additional contract highlights are listed below. For more information and to review a copy of the agreement, log onto the members only portion of the website and view your contract.
Congratulations on your new union contract!


text:
Court again strikes down Texas' flag desecration law
Local // Texas
Revised measure too broad, rules appeals court
Mike Ward Oct. 7, 2015 Updated: Oct. 7, 2015 10:14 p.m.
The U.S. and Texas flags were protected from desecration under the law tossed out on Wednesday.
Photo: DONNA MCWILLIAM, STF
AUSTIN - Twenty-six years after the U.S. Supreme Court tossed out Texas' flag-desecration law as unconstitutional, the state Court of Criminal Appeals on Wednesday invalidated the revised version for the same reason.
In a 35-page decision, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals ruled that a state law that prohibits anyone from damaging, defacing, mutilating or burning the U.S. or Texas flag "is invalid on its face because it is unconstitutionally overbroad in violation of the First Amendment" to the U.S. Constitution.
The decision came in an appeal involving Terence Johnson, a resident of the East Texas community of Bedias, who was arrested in May 2012 for grabbing a U.S. flag hanging outside a Lovelady hardware store and tossing it into a highway, where it was run over and damaged. Johnson, then 20, claimed at the time that he tossed the flag into the road because he was upset about "racial remarks made about his mother by a local merchant."
Johnson is African-American.
The charge was dismissed as unconstitutional by a local judge, and the state appealed that decision on grounds that Johnson's anger exempted his actions from coverage under the First Amendment free speech protections. A Tyler appeals court ruled the state law unconstitutional because it "was not sufficiently narrow to prevent the chilling effect on the exercise of First Amendment freedoms."
In appealing that decision to Texas' highest court for criminal cases, the state argued that Johnson's flag desecration was "really just criminal mischief in relation to the flag," a prosecution that should be allowed under the current law, and was not a free-speech issue.
The Court of Criminal Appeals disagreed, by a vote of 6-3.
Johnson's attorney could not immediately be reached for comment.
"This is a matter that was decided by the Supreme Court years and years ago, that flag desecration is protected by the First Amendment," said Terri Burke, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Texas. "So why is anyone surprised with the decision? It was a waste of taxpayer money to go through this. Why the Texas Legislature refuses to honor the decisions of the Supreme Court, I can't explain. We still have a sodomy statute on the books in Texas, even though the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional years ago."
Texas long has been at the national forefront of the flag-desecration issue, starting in 1984 when Gregory "Joey" Johnson, then a member of the Revolutionary Communist Youth Brigade that was protesting Reagan-era policies at the Republican National Convention in Dallas, set a U.S. flag ablaze during a protest. He was charged under a state law that made it a crime to desecrate or mistreat the flag in a way that would "seriously offend one or more persons."
Thrown out in 1989
Flag desecration laws came into vogue in the late 1800s, generally to protect the U.S. flag from commercial or political misuse. By the 1930s, most states had adopted similar laws.
Congress approved the first flag desecration law in 1968, after a high-profile flag burning in New York City's Central Park during a Vietnam War protest.
In 1989, the U.S. Supreme Court - ruling for the first time on the flag-burning issue - declared Texas' law unconstitutional, just as the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals had decided earlier. That same year, the Texas Legislature tweaked the old law to remove the provision that someone must be offended, with the idea that new wording would withstand future court challenges.
During debate in the Texas Senate, however, the sponsor, Sen. Hugh Parmer, D-Fort Worth, was warned by Sen. J.E. "Buster" Brown, R-Lake Jackson, that the new wording still could be unconstitutional.
"I'm trying to draw a tightly drawn bill that will get past the test that the Supreme Court has laid out," Parmer responded.
The measure then passed unanimously on a voice vote.
Argument rejected
In overturning the 1989 law on Wednesday, the majority opinion written by Presiding Judge Sharon Keller dismissed the state's assertion that because Johnson's act was "random in nature" that there was no element of free speech involved. "The act of throwing down a flag in anger could easily be protected expression," the court stated.
Judge Elsa Alcala, noting in a concurring opinion that she loves the U.S. flag and regularly flies one outside her house, said the issue is constitutionality.
"We best honor the flag by upholding the federal constitutional provisions that disallow any statute seeking to broadly criminalize its damage or desecration," she wrote. "It is precisely because the flag serves as a symbol for everything that is good about the United States - the right to the free exercise of religion, freedom of speech and the right to peaceably assemble - that the government may not enact a law that is so broad that it stifles freedom of expression by threatening criminal punishment for the flag's damage or destruction."
Two judges disagreed in written opinions.
'Powerful rebuke'
Labeling the decision "a powerful rebuke to the people's representatives" who enacted the state law in 1989, Judge Kevin Yeary said Johnson had failed to demonstrate that his conduct was protected by the First Amendment. Judge Lawrence Meyers echoed that, insisting Johnson was "not attempting to make any type of statement" in tossing down the flag, "so his conduct is not protected."
"The state could just as easily promulgate a statute prohibiting the killing of a mockingbird, which as the state bird of Texas also has great symbolism, without infringing on freedom of expression," he wrote in his dissent. "It is overkill to declare this statute unconstitutional when the real question is merely whether the state had sufficient evidence to convict (Johnson) of destruction of a flag."
Houston County Attorney Daphne Session, whose office prosecuted the case against Johnson, said she will ask the court to reconsider.
Reporter Lauren McGaughy contributed to this story.
Mike Ward
Follow Mike on:
ChronicleMike
Mike Ward is a former Houston Chronicle reporter.
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If Jack Campbell had it his way, he would have put a brace on his knee and soldiered on in net for the Kings.
That was his initial thinking when he tore the meniscus in his knee in a Nov. 10 game against the Calgary Flames. The Kings nixed that idea and opted for surgery, but it showed Campbell's stubborn passion to keep the net.
Campbell's long wait ended Monday when he was recalled before the Kings played a New Year's Eve game against the Colorado Avalanche at Pepsi Center. As expected, the Kings re-assigned Petersen, so Campbell will resume his backup job to Quick.
Campbell and Quick coincidentally suffered the same injury. Campbell's happened on a fluke play when teammate Nate Thompson was pushed into him.
Campbell said that Thompson doesn't owe him dinner, though.
Dion Phaneuf is expected to return after a seven-game absence caused by a fall into the boards with Buffalo Sabres forward Evan Rodrigues.
"I had a good couple of practices to get my feet back underneath me, and tonight I'll be ready to go," Phaneuf said.
The Kings did not do line rushes at their morning skate. Coach Willie Desjardins said that Adrian Kempe might go back to center after Kempe played wing with Jeff Carter and Tyler Toffoli.
Nikita Scherbak and Paul LaDue were the extras.


text:
Probabilistic programming
programming with probability distributions for, e.g. Bayesian inference or other inference
how do science
bayes
Monte Carlo optimisation
Monte Carlo gradient estimation
Inference without KL divergence
Hamiltonian and Langevin Monte Carlo
Edward/Edward2
TensorFlow Probability
Numpyro
pyprob
Mamba.jl
Turing.jl
Miscellaneous julia options
PyMC3/PyMC4
Soss.jl
Inferpy
Zhusuan
Church/Anglican
WebPPL
This is apparently what we call Bayesian inference these days. When we say Bayesian programming, we might mean a simple hierarchical model, but we want to emphasise hope that we might even succeed in doing inference for very complicated models indeed, possibly ones without tractable likelihoods of any kind, maybe even Turing-complete. Hope in this context means something like "we provide the programming primitives to in principle express the awful crazy likelihood structure of your complicated problem, although you are on your own in demonstrating any kind of concentration or convergence for your estimates of its posterior likelihood in the light of data."
Mostly these tools are based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling which turns out to be a startlingly general way to grind out the necessary calculations. There are other ways, such as classic conjugate priors, variational methods or reparameterisation flows, and many hybrids thereof.
See George Ho of PyMC3/PyMC4 for an in-depth introduction into what might be desirable to solve these problems in practice.
A probabilistic programming framework needs to provide six things:
A language or API for users to specify a model
A library of probability distributions and transformations to build the posterior density
At least one inference algorithm, which either draws samples from the posterior (in the case of Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC) or computes some approximation of it (in the case of variational inference, VI)
At least one optimizer, which can compute the mode of the posterior density
An autodifferentiation library to compute gradients required by the inference algorithm and optimizer
A suite of diagnostics to monitor and analyze the quality of inference
George Ho diagrams probabilistic programming frameworks
See also Col Carroll's overview of several trendy frameworks. This seems fresh, i.e. post-2019?, and includes more than I did here.
Stan is the inference toolbox for broad classes of Bayesian model and the de facto reference point. If your problem CAN be handled by Stan, this is a highly recommended option. Usually seen in concert with brms which makes it easier to use for various standard regression models.
See the Stan notebook.
From Blei's lab, leverages trendy deep learning machinery, tensorflow for variational Bayes and such.
This is now baked in to tensorflow as a probabilistic programming interface.
The tensorflow entrant. Low-level and messy. Used in Edward2, above, but presumably more basic.
pytorch + bayes = pyro. For rationale, see the pyro launch announcment:
We believe the critical ideas to solve AI will come from a joint effort among a worldwide community of people pursuing diverse approaches. By open sourcing Pyro, we hope to encourage the scientific world to collaborate on making AI tools more flexible, open, and easy-to-use. We expect the current (alpha!) version of Pyro will be of most interest to probabilistic modelers who want to leverage large data sets and deep networks, PyTorch users who want easy-to-use Bayesian computation, and data scientists ready to explore the ragged edge of new technology.
Numpyro uses jax for autodiff and reputedly comes from the creators of pyro. It has no second-order derivatives as in HMC but looks sleek.
pyprob: (Le, Baydin, and Wood 2017)
pyprob is a PyTorch-based library for probabilistic programming and inference compilation. The main focus of this library is on coupling existing simulation codebases with probabilistic inference with minimal intervention.
The main advantage of pyprob, compared against other probabilistic programming languages like Pyro, is a fully automatic amortized inference procedure based on importance sampling. pyprob only requires a generative model to be specified. Particularly, pyprob allows for efficient inference using inference compilation which trains a recurrent neural network as a proposal network.
In Pyro such an inference network requires the user to explicitly define the control flow of the network, which is due to Pyro running the inference network and generative model sequentially. However, in pyprob the generative model and inference network runs concurrently. Thus, the control flow of the model is directly used to train the inference network. This alleviates the need for manually defining its control flow.
The flagship application seems to be etalumis (Baydin et al. 2019) a probablistic programming ramework with emphasis AFAICT on Bayesian inverse problems.
Mamba is an open platform for the implementation and application of MCMC methods to perform Bayesian analysis in julia. The package provides a framework for (1) specification of hierarchical models through stated relationships between data, parameters, and statistical distributions; (2) block-updating of parameters with samplers provided, defined by the user, or available from other packages; (3) execution of sampling schemes; and (4) posterior inference. It is intended to give users access to all levels of the design and implementation of MCMC simulators to particularly aid in the development of new methods.
Several software options are available for MCMC sampling of Bayesian models. Individuals who are primarily interested in data analysis, unconcerned with the details of MCMC, and have models that can be fit in JAGS, Stan, or OpenBUGS are encouraged to use those programs. Mamba is intended for individuals who wish to have access to lower-level MCMC tools, are knowledgeable of MCMC methodologies, and have experience, or wish to gain experience, with their application. The package also provides stand-alone convergence diagnostics and posterior inference tools, which are essential for the analysis of MCMC output regardless of the software used to generate it.
Turing.jl is a Julia library for (universal) probabilistic programming. Current features include:
Universal probabilistic programming with an intuitive modelling interface
Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) sampling for differentiable posterior distributions
Particle MCMC sampling for complex posterior distributions involving discrete variables and stochastic control flows
Gibbs sampling that combines particle MCMC and HMC
It is one of many julia options, and includes flashy MCMC, called AdvancedHMC.jl
Gen simplifies the use of probabilistic modeling and inference, by providing modeling languages in which users express models, and high-level programming constructs that automate aspects of inference.
Like some probabilistic programming research languages, Gen includes universal modeling languages that can represent any model, including models with stochastic structure, discrete and continuous random variables, and simulators. However, Gen is distinguished by the flexibility that it affords to users for customizing their inference algorithm.
Gen's flexible modeling and inference programming capabilities unify symbolic, neural, probabilistic, and simulation-based approaches to modeling and inference, including causal modeling, symbolic programming, deep learning, hierarchical Bayesiam modeling, graphics and physics engines, and planning and reinforcement learning.
It has an impressive talk demonstrating how you would interactively clean data using it.
DynamicHMC.jl does Hamiltonian/NUTS sampling in a raw likelihood setting.
Possibly it is a competitor of Klara.jl, the Juliastats MCMC.
Miletus is a financial product adn ter-structure modeling package that is available for quant stuff in Julia as part of the paid packages offerings in finance. Although it looks like it is also freely available?
Pymc3 is python+Theano. PyMC4 will depend upon Tensorflow.
See Chris Fonnesbeck's example in python.
Thomas Wiecki, Bayesian Deep Learning shows how to some variants with PyMC3.
greta models are written right in R, so there's no need to learn another language like BUGS or Stan
greta uses Google TensorFlow
I wonder how it uses Google Tensorflow.
Soss is a library for probabilistic programming.
Let's jump right in with a simple linear model:
using Soss
m = @model X begin
β ~ Normal() |> iid(size(X,2))
y ~ For(eachrow(X)) do x
Normal(x' * β, 1)
In Soss, models are first-class and function-like, and "applying" a model to its arguments gives a joint distribution.
Just a few of the things we can do in Soss:
Sample from the (forward) model
Condition a joint distribution on a subset of parameters
Have arbitrary Julia values (yes, even other models) as inputs or outputs of a model
Build a new model for the predictive distribution, for assigning parameters to particular values
InferPy seems to be a higher-level competitor to Edward2?
Zhusuan.
ZhuSuan is a python probabilistic programming library for Bayesian deep learning, which conjoins the complimentary advantages of Bayesian methods and deep learning. ZhuSuan is built upon Tensorflow. Unlike existing deep learning libraries, which are mainly designed for deterministic neural networks and supervised tasks, ZhuSuan provides deep learning style primitives and algorithms for building probabilistic models and applying Bayesian inference. The supported inference algorithms include:
Variational inference with programmable variational posteriors, various objectives and advanced gradient estimators (SGVB, REINFORCE, VIMCO, etc.).
Importance sampling for learning and evaluating models, with programmable proposals.
Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) with parallel chains, and optional automatic parameter tuning.
Church is a general-purpose Turing-complete Monte Carlo lisp-derivative, which is unbearably slow but does some reputedly cute tricks with modeling human problem-solving, and other likelihood-free methods, according to creators Noah Goodman and Joshua Tenenbaum.
See also Anglican, which is the same but different, being built in clojure, and hence also leveraging browser Clojurescript.
WebPPL is a successor to Church designed as a teaching language for probabilistic reasoning in the browser. If you like Javascript ML.
See also BAT the Bayesian Analysis Toolkit, which does sophisticated Bayes modelling although AFAICT uses a fairly basic Metropolis-Hasting Sampler?
Baydin, Atılım Güneş, Lei Shao, Wahid Bhimji, Lukas Heinrich, Lawrence Meadows, Jialin Liu, Andreas Munk, et al. 2019. "Etalumis: Bringing Probabilistic Programming to Scientific Simulators at Scale." In. http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.03382.
Carroll, Colin. n.d. "A Tour of Probabilistic Programming Language APIs." https://colcarroll.github.io. https://colcarroll.github.io/ppl-api/.
Cusumano-Towner, Marco F., and Vikash K. Mansinghka. 2017. "Encapsulating Models and Approximate Inference Programs in Probabilistic Modules." May 6, 2017. http://arxiv.org/abs/1612.04759.
———. 2018. "Using Probabilistic Programs as Proposals." January 13, 2018. http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.03612.
Cusumano-Towner, Marco F., Feras A. Saad, Alexander K. Lew, and Vikash K. Mansinghka. 2019. "Gen: A General-Purpose Probabilistic Programming System with Programmable Inference." In Proceedings of the 40th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, 221–36. PLDI 2019. New York, NY, USA: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3314221.3314642.
Cusumano-Towner, Marco, Benjamin Bichsel, Timon Gehr, Martin Vechev, and Vikash K. Mansinghka. 2018. "Incremental Inference for Probabilistic Programs." In Proceedings of the 39th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, 571–85. PLDI 2018. New York, NY, USA: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3192366.3192399.
Cusumano-Towner, Marco, and Vikash K. Mansinghka. 2018. "A Design Proposal for Gen: Probabilistic Programming with Fast Custom Inference via Code Generation." In Proceedings of the 2Nd ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Machine Learning and Programming Languages, 52–57. MAPL 2018. New York, NY, USA: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3211346.3211350.
Gelman, Andrew, Daniel Lee, and Jiqiang Guo. 2015. "Stan: A Probabilistic Programming Language for Bayesian Inference and Optimization." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 40 (5): 530–43. https://doi.org/10.3102/1076998615606113.
Goodrich, Ben, Andrew Gelman, Matthew D. Hoffman, Daniel Lee, Bob Carpenter, Michael Betancourt, Marcus Brubaker, Jiqiang Guo, Peter Li, and Allen Riddell. 2017. "Stan : A Probabilistic Programming Language." Journal of Statistical Software 76 (1). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v076.i01.
Gorinova, Maria I., Andrew D. Gordon, and Charles Sutton. 2019. "Probabilistic Programming with Densities in SlicStan: Efficient, Flexible and Deterministic." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 3 (January): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290348.
Kochurov, Max, Colin Carroll, Thomas Wiecki, and Junpeng Lao. 2019. "PyMC4: Exploiting Coroutines for Implementing a Probabilistic Programming Framework," September. https://openreview.net/forum?id=rkgzj5Za8H.
Lao, Junpeng. 2019. "A Hitchhiker's Guide to Designing a Bayesian Library in Python." Presentation Slides presented at the PyData Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, September 29. https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1xgNRJDwkWjTHOYMj5aGefwWiV8x-Tz55GfkBksZsN3g/edit?usp=sharing.
Le, Tuan Anh, Atılım Güneş Baydin, and Frank Wood. 2017. "Inference Compilation and Universal Probabilistic Programming." In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 54:1338–48. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research. Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA: PMLR. http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.09900.
Moore, Dave, and Maria I. Gorinova. 2018. "Effect Handling for Composable Program Transformations in Edward2." November 14, 2018. http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.06150.
Pradhan, Neeraj, Jonathan P. Chen, Martin Jankowiak, Fritz Obermeyer, Eli Bingham, Theofanis Karaletsos, Rohit Singh, Paul Szerlip, Paul Horsfall, and Noah D. Goodman. 2018. "Pyro: Deep Universal Probabilistic Programming." October 18, 2018. http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.09538.
PyMC Development Team. 2019. "PyMC3 Developer Guide." https://docs.pymc.io/developer_guide.html.
Rainforth, Tom. 2017. "Automating Inference, Learning, and Design Using Probabilistic Programming." PhD Thesis, University of Oxford. http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/ twgr/assets/pdf/rainforth2017thesis.pdf.
Salvatier, John, Thomas V. Wiecki, and Christopher Fonnesbeck. 2016. "Probabilistic Programming in Python Using PyMC3." PeerJ Computer Science 2 (April): e55. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.55.
Tran, Dustin, Matthew D. Hoffman, Rif A. Saurous, Eugene Brevdo, Kevin Murphy, and David M. Blei. 2017. "Deep Probabilistic Programming." In ICLR. http://arxiv.org/abs/1701.03757.
Tran, Dustin, Alp Kucukelbir, Adji B. Dieng, Maja Rudolph, Dawen Liang, and David M. Blei. 2016. "Edward: A Library for Probabilistic Modeling, Inference, and Criticism." October 31, 2016. http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.09787.
Vasudevan, Srinivas, Ian Langmore, Dustin Tran, Eugene Brevdo, Joshua V. Dillon, Dave Moore, Brian Patton, Alex Alemi, Matt Hoffman, and Rif A. Saurous. 2017. "TensorFlow Distributions." November 28, 2017. http://arxiv.org/abs/1711.10604.


text: Q: Whenever I try to go live via visual studio code in js extension listing directory shows up Go live via visual studio code in .js extension the listing directory shows up instead of a web page. How to disable this??

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: SocketTimeoutException while read from stream I have Socket stream and I need to use in.read() from stream function even if no data available.
I need this approach because blocking read function raises exception if the socket is disconnected and this is the only way to know if socket is alive.
I found that in.read() is waiting for data for approximately 2 min. and raises SocketTimeoutException if no data is available.
Can I somehow set read from socket timeout value?

A: You could use the Socket's KeepAlive() function as follows:
s = new Socket(serverIP, portOut);
s.setKeepAlive(true);

This will cause the socket to (obviously) keep itself alive and will not timeout.
You can also increase the timeout parameter by:
s.setSoTimeout(time_in_milliseconds);

A: Just set the SO_TIMEOUT on your Java Socket using:
socket.setSoTimeout(30*1000);

Timeout above is set in milliseconds
With this option set to a non-zero timeout, a read() call on the InputStream associated with this Socket will block for only this amount of time. On Expiry, SocketTimeoutException is raised.


Sea level rise could soon make many of small Pacific island nations uninhabitable. Georgetown University Professor Susan Martin tells host Steve Curwood that a man from Kiribati is challenging the international immigration system by seeking refugee status in New Zealand on account of climate change.
CURWOOD: Recently a man from the Pacific Island nation of Kiribati made history. Ione Teitiota became the first person to ask a court to grant refugee status on the basis of climate change. He told the High Court in New Zealand that his family would suffer serious harm if they were forced to return to their low-lying homeland, as sea level rise is projected make life there untenable. Susan Martin is director of the Center for International Migration at Georgetown University. Professor Martin says the Teitiota case raises key ethical and legal issues about how the global community should deal with people forced to flee their homes in the face of climate disruption.
MARTIN: What he's arguing is that because of climate change he is the recipient of passive persecution and will be harmed if he returns home, because climate change is posing very severe dangers and damages on the population of his island.
CURWOOD: Now how unique is his claim?
MARTIN: Well, I think it's quite unique, and I think it's a stretch. Refugee policy is designed around protecting people where people have been persecuted or have a fear of future persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group. The whole concept came about after Nazi Europe as a way of responding in the future to cases where people might face very very severe harm as a result of a protected characteristic such as religion or race as that was the case in Germany. The concept of passive persecution because of changes in the climate is a long distance from that original concept which pretty much still governs the asylum policies in most countries.
CURWOOD: Of course, at the end of the day, though, if the seas keep rising, as they're projected to, Kirabati won't be there. He surely will be a refugee, and he surely, if he went home, he'd be in danger.
MARTIN: Well, I think that the problem, even with that construct, is that people on the islands will not be endangered because of their race, religion, nationality, etc. He does raise though in the case, and the case raises a very very serious problem that still needs to be addressed, and that's what do we do as a world to protect those who are going to be harmed as a result of climate change. And there will be people, not just those on the islands in the Pacific who will not be able to remain and live decent lives because of the impacts of climate change. Right now there are no policies to address that.
CURWOOD: So what do you expect the New Zealand court to do with his application at this point?
MARTIN: Well, I expect that they'll likely reject it, that it doesn't meet the refugee definition. I expect that there will probably be some passages in the decision that calls out for political and policy changes to address the situation that he's in. I think what we need is a parallel legal regime that will provide assistance and protection to people who are losing their habitats, their livelihoods and potentially their lives as a result of climate change. So not to change the refugee definition but to have a second set of policies that are more specifically geared towards the situation of climate change.
CURWOOD: Where else might we see migration issues like this in the near future do you think, Professor?
MARTIN: Well I think we're going to see it all over the world. I think there's a number of different ways in which climate change may affect movements of people. Rising sea levels is probably the most talked about right now because it has the prospect of entire countries disappearing. The place that I think a lot of people are really worried about is Bangladesh. It's a very crowded country. It's a very poor country, and it will be seeing a lot of different effects of climate change, some of it already seen in the form of more frequent storms and more intense storms, but also year to year flooding. I think we'll also see a number of places in which climate change will lead to more frequent and more intense droughts. There'll be areas where it's very unlikely that people will be able to continue to farm unless there are major advances in terms of drought-resistant seeds and other new farming techniques.
CURWOOD: Professor Martin, how well set is the international refugee system to deal with the question of climate right now?
MARTIN: It's struggling. We have an established system for dealing with people displaced from conflict, but a very new, pretty fragile system for addressing people who are leaving as a result of environmental change, manmade disasters such as nuclear accidents, anything that creates dangerous situations for people, but doesn't fit the refugee definition.
MARTIN: Well, we're already seeing some of that rhetoric, and I think it's understandable that the countries that are going to be suffering the most are not the countries that have caused the emissions for the most part. I think it's now being much more diverted into saying that there needs to be financial support for adaptation and continued commitment to mitigating the impacts of climate change, and so I think that the governments of the countries that are the most effected are looking for the help of the international community, and the wealthier countries that have produced the impacts of climate change to help them to be able to help their own populations. I think that the next step along the way will be looking at how migration can be part of that adaptation strategy. We've tended to look at migration as a problem, something to be avoided, but in fact, migration has always been one of the principal ways that people adapt to the changing environment, and so we have to start to think about the positive ways in which migration can be a solution for thousands of people who may otherwise may not be able to fare very well as a result of climate change.
CURWOOD: Professor Susan Martin is Director of the Center for International Migration at Georgetown University. Thanks for taking the time.
MARTIN: You're welcome, I enjoyed it.


text:
Ivan Dominski (în ; ) a fost un fotbalist (fundaș), antrenor și pedagog sovietic.

Biografie
S-a născut în târgul Rîbnița din ținutul Balta, gubernia Podolia, Statul Ucrainean (acum oraș din Transnistria, Republica Moldova). De-a lungul carierei a jucat pentru cluburile armatei, începând cu 1939 la echipa Dinamo din Odesa.

În timpul celui de-Al Doilea Război Mondial, a luptat pe frontul belarus în trupele de infanterie. A fost distins cu Ordinul Stelei Roșii (1956), Ordinul Războiului Patriotic de gradul II (1985), diverse medalii, inclusiv "Pentru meritul militar" (1951), "Pentru victoria asupra Germaniei în Marele Război Patriotic 1941–1945".

După război, a jucat pentru echipele ODO Sverdlovsk, Avangard, Dinamo Celiabinsk. În cadrul "Avangard", în 1948, a jucat două meciuri în clasa "A" și a marcat în ele singurul gol al echipei sale, la 6 mai 1948 împotriva echipei Krîlia Sovetov din Kuibîșev (1:5).

Ca membru al echipei Casei Ofițerilor districtului militar Sverdlovsk (ODO), a câștigat Cupa RSFSR printre echipele de cultură fizică (1950) și Campionatul RSFSR printre aceleași echipe (1951).

La sfârșitul carierei sale sportive (1954) a lucrat ca profesor la Institutul minier "Vahrușev" din Sverdlovsk, continuând să antreneze tineri în clubul său (ODO). A fost ales în repetate rânduri președinte al Federației de fotbal din Sverdlovsk.

Pentru merite în domeniul sportului, i s-a acordat insigna "Excelență în cultura fizică și sport".

A fost inclus (Nr. 102) în Cartea Memoriei a Ministerului Sporturilor din regiunea Sverdlovsk.

A fost înmormântat la cimitirul Nijneisetskoe din Ekaterinburg.

Referințe

Legături externe
 Profil la footballfacts.ru
 Biografie  la sportufo.ru

Bibliografie
 Энциклопедия «Российский футбол за 100 лет». — Москва: Грэгори-Пэйдж, 1997. — ISBN 5-900493-70-9
 «Кубок РСФСР среди команд КФК (1939—1991)». — Екатеринбург: 2003.

Nașteri în 1918
Decese în 1994
Oameni din Rîbnița
Fotbaliști sovietici
Antrenori sovietici de fotbal
Decorați cu Ordinul Steaua Roșie
Decorați cu Ordinul Războiului Patriotic
Decorați cu Medalia "Pentru victoria asupra Germaniei în Marele Război Patriotic din 1941-1945"
Sovietici ai celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial
Decese în Ekaterinburg


Regardless of your pest issue-- be termites, cockroaches, or rodents-- no one delights in the sight of a pest scooting throughout their walls and corridors. After all, many pests are understood to provide a range of health dangers, with some even understood for bring illness into your house. Sadly, when you identify one pest that often means there are numerous them hiding someplace and all set to additional infest your house. When this happens, you'll want to deal with the best pest control operator around to safeguard your home or business.
When the bed bugs are in your house, they'll be going from 1 location to another. Bed bugs are invasive pests Merchantville, NJ that may be challenging to detect. They are best dealt with by an skilled expert.
Bed bugs are rather more durable and resistant than every other pest, consisting of rats and cockroaches in Merchantville, NJ . Unless a bed bug was spotted, the very first sign of an infestation is generally the presence of skin irritation. Once bed bugs have invaded your house, they can be rather tough to obtain rid of. They can be harder to treat than other household pest insects for a couple of factors. Considering that they are challenging to see, utilize a magnifying glass. They don't stay on the human that they are feeding upon therefore they will generally hide in clothes and aim to get to a brand-new location. They are unable to make it through high temperatures, making heat a highly efficient treatment method .
Charge of bed bugs can take a while and multiple follow-up treatments. Total control takes a carefully prepared and developed integrated technique. Bed bug control doesn't need to be costly Merchantville, NJ .
You will have to understand the signals of a bedbug invasion. An infestation is something which can happen to anyone Merchantville, NJ . As an example, be specific to look at where you need to take care of your bed bug invasion. If you're worried you own a bed bug infestation, start looking for physical indicators of their existence. Bed bug problems can affect a single bed in 1 room or a entire house or residential or commercial property. Chemical approaches aren't the only approach to manage bed bug problems.
The Best Ways To Begin with Bed Bugs Exterminator or Pest Control Operator Merchantville, NJ ?
Normally, knowledgeable pest control service will utilize a couple of selections of treatment methods like vacuuming, cleansing, steaming and other mechanical techniques to absolutely get rid of the bed bug problem. There are numerous insect control business that might assist you for the precise very same. Generally speaking, many good insect control companies will at first send out down a professional to run a visual inspection of your house prior to quoting you a price Merchantville, NJ .
If you're not required to leave your home for more than a few hours throughout the extermination, or in case you are preparing for the pest control man, there are a variety of techniques to prevent taking bed bugs with you. Once you have the ability to observe that bed bugs have actually certainly entered your home, it's never too early to attempt and locate an excellent bed bugs pest control operator Merchantville, NJ Merchantville, NJ . Throughout a fumigation, your house will be dealt with in tarpaulin, which is typically anchored utilizing big containers of water you should offer. Whether a full home is infested, it might be needed to spray listed below the home, which would increase the total price tag of services. Your home doesn't have to be infested that you get bed bugs. Attempt to remember that Do It Yourself insecticides alone are unlikely to rid your home of bed bugs, particularly products which do not keep eliminating after they dry.


Whiskey may be Ireland��s national drink, but it is truly a spirit of the world. Travelllers cross the globe, from the islands of Japan to the American south, seeking surprising varieties and sipping old favourites along the way. However, for newcomers to the tipple, it can be hard to get a foot in the door, no matter what country you��re passing through.
To truly become a whiskey expert, you cannot be afraid to ask questions or be intimidated by seasoned whiskey samplers. Ignore the folks who approach whiskey with a pretentious, know-it-all attitude. True whiskey lovers always want to learn more and share their knowledge with others. In this spirit, we'll help you learn about the whiskeys of the world by tackling some of the most frequently asked questions out there.
What is the difference between whiskey, scotch and bourbon?
Even self-proclaimed connoisseurs sometimes provide incorrect answers to this common question. It's a trick question, really, because whiskey is the overarching category of spirits that scotch and bourbon fall under. Both scotch and bourbon get their names from places �� scotch from Scotland and bourbon from Bourbon County, Kentucky �� but true scotch is made only in Scotland, while bourbon can be made in parts of America outside of Kentucky.
"Whiskey" can refer to any kind of whiskey �� Irish, Japanese, Canadian, American, scotch and bourbon being the main types. Aficionados and Irish drinkers may refer to Irish whiskey as simply "whiskey," whereas they might specify location when talking about other types.
Wait, is it "whiskey" or "whisky"?
It's both. "Whiskey" is the Irish spelling (used in Ireland and the US), while "whisky" is the Scotch spelling (used in Scotland, Canada and Japan). The New York Times actually changed its style guide when bombarded with scotch fans calling for the "whisky" spelling in the naming of Scottish varieties, but since this column is running during Ireland Week, we're keeping the "e" in. Whichever spelling, the origin of the word goes back to both Ireland and Scotland. Uisge beatha or usquebaugh is Gaelic for "water of life". It was translated from the Latin aqua vitae, used to describe spirits.
Both Ireland and Scotland claim to have given birth to whiskey. But, as food writer Kate Hopkins notes in her book 99 Drams of Whiskey, neither country has definitive proof. "Ask an academic," she writes, "...and he or she is likely to shrug and mumble, 'Hell if I know. That part of the world wasn't too keen on keeping records of who was doing what.'"
The making of liquor dates back to at least 800 AD when Arab chemist Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan was carrying out distillation, the purifying of a beverage made via fermentation (i.e. beer, wine or hard cider). Wine was already being distilled around the world when physicians tried distilling beer in either Ireland or Scotland (or both), according to the late English whiskey writer Michael Jackson. In his book Whiskey: The Definitive World Guide, he explains that a family of physicians, the MacVeys (a.k.a. the Beatons), translated medical texts from the Arab world whose secrets of distillation resulted in the first whiskey creations. As doctors, the MacVeys/Beatons served both Ireland and Scotland, which is why whiskey's exact origins remain murky. Let's just call it a tie.
How are the different kinds of whiskeys made?
Generally, whiskey is made by (1) crushing grains (barley, corn, rye, wheat, etc.) to create the grist, (2) adding water to create the mash (3) boiling this mixture and then allowing it to cool, (4) adding yeast, which carries out fermentation by eating the sugars to create alcohol, (5) draining the resulting liquid, which is now beer, and then distilling using a still and (6) aging the resulting liquor in wooden barrels.
Scotch is made from water and malted barley (ie. barley that's been steeped in water to trigger germination), distilled to less than 94.8% alcohol, aged for at least three years in oak barrels that can hold no more than 700 liters, and bottled at no less than 40% alcohol. No additives are allowed except for water and caramel colouring. By law, it can only be called scotch if it follows this process and is made in Scotland.
"Single malt" scotch is made from malted barley in a single distillery while "single grain" is made from malted barley and other grains in a single distillery. "Blended" scotch is a mix of whiskys/eys from multiple distilleries.
Irish whiskey is distilled to less than 94.8% alcohol and aged for at least three years in wooden barrels. By law, whiskey can only be called Irish whiskey if it follows this process and is made in Ireland.
Bourbon is made from a mash of at least 51% corn, distilled to 80% alcohol, combined with water to get the alcohol content down to 62.5%, entered into an unused charred oak barrel, aged in that barrel and then bottled at no less than 40% alcohol. By law, whiskey can only be called bourbon if it is made by this process and in the United States.
Tennessee whiskey is bourbon made in the state of Tennessee and filtered through sugar-maple charcoal. Other American whiskey includes versions made from rye, corn, barley and other grains. Blended American whiskey is a mix of 20% American whiskey and 80% neutral spirit.
How do I drink whiskey?
There's a vocabulary associated with spirits sipping that will come in handy when ordering at the bar. Certain words describe how your bartender will serve your liquor. Ask for your whiskey neat if you want it poured in your glass unadorned, at room temperature. On the rocks, conversely, means you want it poured over ice in your glass. Straight up usually means the same as "neat", but its usage can cause confusion, as American mixologist Jeffrey Morgenthaler has explained, because there's also the term up, which usually means chilled and served in a cocktail glass. You can also order your whiskey with a splash of water or water back, that is, a glass of water on the side. And, of course, there's no shame in simply spelling out in plain language what you'd like when ordering. Whiskey drinking isn't about memorization; it's about enjoying yourself.
We recommend enjoying whiskey with a little bit of water added. (And with a little more water added when it comes to high alcohol content barrel proof, aka cask strength, whiskeys, which are bottled without any water added.) Some amount of dilution helps your nose and tongue smell and taste more of the flavours in your whiskey because it counteracts the alcohol's numbing of your senses. This is what whiskey tasters mean when they say that water helps "open up" the flavours.
When learning how to taste whiskey, keep in mind appearance, aroma (of first the straight whiskey and then the diluted whiskey), mouth-feel and flavour. For a quick tasting tutorial, famed whiskey taster Charles MacLean, author of Scotch Whisky: A Liquid History, demonstrates his approach for Single Malt TV.
For a slightly more in-depth explanation of professional tasting, consultant editor Michael Jackson, an expert modest enough to recognize that his word on the subject was far from Gospel, shared his approach in Whisky Magazine.
Which whiskeys should I try?
For a final bit of direction, we've come up with suggestions for delicious varieties to taste. The next time you're at a whiskey bar �� in Dublin, Speyside, Kentucky or anywhere else this spirit is dearly loved �� see if they have one of these on the menu.
By now you must be good and thirsty. So go on and raise your glass. Sl谩inte!


Carol explains the benefits of implementing the features of IBM i security…beyond the obvious security-related benefits.
While the benefits of using the integrated features of IBM i security are obvious—confidentiality of data, data integrity, fully audited, etc. —benefits beyond the obvious exist. Let's take a look.
Audits may not always be your favorite activity, but there are a few things you can do ahead of time to prepare and make it less painful.
Many administrators go through what I call the "audit fire drill" when they hear they're about to undergo an audit. My desire is to help eliminate some of the panic when preparing for an audit by giving you some tips to follow.
It's Friday, and Carol remembers how much everyone loves a surprise test right before the weekend.
I don't know about you, but I've always hated taking tests. Hopefully, you will enjoy this True/False quiz on IBM i security facts and even learn a few things.
What problem does Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) solve?
The data breach at Target started in a typical way. The attackers planted malware on a user's PC via a phishing attack, captured a password, and used that password as the entry point to work their way into the Target corporate network. In this case, the stolen user credential was at a service provider to Target, not one of Target's own users. But that's immaterial. The attack method was very typical: steal a user credential to log into a system, and enter into the critical systems from there. You don't have to actually start by stealing the credentials to the most sensitive system. You can start at the periphery and work your way in.
Written by PowerTech Group, Inc.
Data security, while always a business concern, rose to critical prominence after 2012. The year was a record-breaker in both size and scope of breaches; there were massive distributed-denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks against financial institutions, not to mention the shocking incident at the South Carolina Internal Revenue Service, a breach that spanned several months and resulted in 44 systems being compromised.
Carol talks about some configuration settings not to ignore in the IFS.
Many of you are daunted by the security aspects of the Integrated File System (IFS), but there are a few things that—whether you're comfortable or not—you should not ignore.
Carol takes a look at the proper use and configuration of group profiles.
I realized that it's been awhile since I've discussed group profiles, so this article is a review of when to use group profiles and how they should be configured.
Carol reveals what inspires her and makes her happy.
It's the time of year when Oprah releases her list of favorite things, so Carol shares her list of favorite IBM i features and security resources.


An exhibition of cribs, Christmas figurines, statuettes & antique statues of Baby Jesus.
Blended Art Gallery Studio, 58 Xandriku str. Nadur.
Weekdays and Weekends from 9.00hrs till Noon and 15.00hrs till 19.00hrs.
An open-air market featuring Christmas gifts, including Christmas decorations, sweets, hampers, nativity scenes, clothing, etc. Organised by the Nadur Local Council.
St. Peter and St. Paul Square, Nadur from 8.00hrs onwards.
With the partecipation of the Nadur Community.
St. Peter and St. Paul Basilica.
Sundays at 9.30hrs and Weekdays at 17.00hrs.
An exhibition of sacred art organized by Għaqda Ħbieb tal-Presepju fin-Nadur.
Joe Tabone Hall, Nadur Local Council, North Street, Nadur.
Weekdays and Weekends from 8.00hrs till Noon and 18.00hrs till 20.00hrs.
Crib Exhibitions A tradition from the past.
Opening for viewing to the public a number of Crib Exhibitions in various family homes and Clubs in Nadur.
A Christmas Musical by the Museum Male Section of Nadur.
Saturday 21st December – MBC Theatre, December 13 th, Nadur at 19.30hrs.
Wednesday 1st January – Oratorju Don Bosco, Victoria at 19.30hrs.
Entertainment by Big Friends Guggen Musik and photos with Santa.
St. Peter and St. Paul Square and Main streets of Nadur from 14.30hrs onwards.
Procession with the statue of Baby Jesus and biblical figures through the Main streets of Nadur. 19.00 hrs onwards.
Carol Singing at 23.30hrs followed by the Traditional Christmas Mass at St. Peter and St. Paul Basilica, Nadur.
St. Peter and St. Paul Basilica, Nadur at 19.00hrs.


At Lyngford Park Primary School the safety and wellbeing of our pupils is of paramount importance.
We take all Child Protection and Radicalisation issues very seriously.
If you have any concerns please contact our Designated Safeguarding Lead Mrs Loader.
In her absence please contact Deputy Safeguarding Leads: Mrs Barratt, Mrs Furniss.
If you have any concerns about the safety of any child outside of school (for example during the weekend if you are in town), you should contact Somerset County Council Services for Children by telephoning 0300 123 2224.
The Government's anti-radicalisation 'Prevent' strategy aims to identify people, including children, at risk of radicalisation within their community.
Any concerns regarding radicalisation within the community should be reported to Mrs Loader, who is the 'Prevent' lead at the school.


When you imagine living on a boat isn't the sun always shining?
You picture chugging up and down the leafy waterways of timeless rural landscapes, waving your straw hat in greeting to passing boats, licking ice lollies and lolling on the desk applying sun cream every hour. Bliss.
Cycling across Canada will obviously be a lot like that. Just replace the ice lollies with a peanut butter and jam sandwich, the straw hat with a nodding bike helmet, and the leafy waterways with the Trans Canada Highway and that is exactly what I am expecting.
I have just checked the weather forecast for Vancouver. Next Monday the sun should be out to greet me as I pedal out the airport.
I can hardly believe that I am only 1 small week away from my trip. I've spent 8 years dreaming about this. 8 years! What were you doing 8 years ago? I was getting excited about going to Canada for the first time*: packing my bag, emailing friends in Canada, checking my passport for the third time that day to check it hadn't magically expired since breakfast.
Algonquin park Summer 2005. This isn't instagrammed. It's just a photo taken on a film. Remember those?
I took this photo along 8 years ago. Note: perfect blue sky.
So next week I will adventure** in search of sunshine, peanut butter, and a piece of Canada all to myself.
*I'm not including "being born" in first time.
Canada, Cycling across Canada, peanut butter, sunshine, why am I doing this?
Well Dana you've had your last 121 with your boss (me) for a while now. You've made a massive difference since you joined us at RSPB HQ last July and we all hope you have a fantastic time and get everything you want from this amazing trip. Phil.


text:
The worst time of middle age? When you're 47.
https://ift.tt/2FTleek
In 132 countries, a clear U shape is seen in happiness in the late 40s.
The study controls for influencing factors in arriving at its conclusions.
Three possible reasons for a post-middle-age return to happiness are suggested.
It's a good-news, bad-news thing. The bad new first: Statistically speaking, according to a a new study and companion paper, if your 47th birthday was 73 days ago, this is the worst time of your life. (That means you're 47.2 years old in case you're too depressed to do the math.) The good news: Things can only get better. The even better news: If you're doing well these days, lucky you, though if you live in the developing world, you've got another year until things bottom out.
The research comes from Dartmouth's David Blanchflower in two new reports published by the National Bureau of Economic Research. It's hoped the conclusions drawn in the studies provide additional insight for those providing mental-health care, or those experiencing difficulties themselves. Middle age is a rough passage for many people. Blanchflower writes, "It seems that the middle aged have had particular difficulties in adapting in the years of slow growth since the Great Recession of 2008 and 2009. The interaction between a nadir for happiness among the middle-aged along with a major downturn has had major social, political and health consequences that have reverberated around the world."
A world full of middle-age blah
For "Is Happiness U-Shaped Everywhere? Age And Subjective Well-Being In 132 Countries," Blanchflower analyzed data from ninety-five developing countries and thirty-seven advanced countries to conclude there's a universal "happiness curve" in life, a U shape that reaches its lowest point in middle age. It was so common in the data, Blanchflower writes, that "It was really hard not to find the U-shape." Surprisingly, "the curve's trajectory holds true in countries where the median wage is high and where it is not and where people tend to live longer and where they don't."
Paradoxically, those living in less developed regions, and who thus have a shorter average lifespan, get an additional year before hitting rock bottom, though that bottom may be worse. In the supplementary study, "Unhappiness and Age," Blanchflower writes, "The resiliency of communities left behind by globalization was diminished by the Great Recession which made it especially hard for the vulnerable undergoing a midlife crisis with few resources to withstand the shock."
One of the questions Branchflower was interested in investigating is whether or not "unhappiness is simply the inverse of happiness." Supporting the notion is that the data revealed an inverted U unhappiness curve. Blanchflower writes:
"The happiness curve was found using a variety of measures of well-being but was especially [based on] happiness and life satisfaction. But a group of other measures were used including views on politics and the economy as well as with an individual's life experience including their family [life], their living standards, the local area where they lived and [so] on."
Defending his methods
Blanchflower's approach is not without controversy.
In response to earlier research, he writes, one critic protested "that the appearance of this U-shaped curve of well-being is the result of the use of inappropriate and questionable control variables," especially marital status. Blanchflower says in rebuttal that the U shape appears even without such controls, as shown above.
The dispute appears to hinge on the conclusions one wants to draw from collected data. As an example, Blanchflower says that when pronouncing a simple statistical truth — citing "smokers die at rate Z" — not factoring in other controls makes sense. However, this wouldn't be the case when attempting to identify implications within the data, one of the goals of his research. Using aging's effect on happiness and its role in relationships as an example, he writes, "it would likely be an error to use an equation without controls to tell the public what impact aging has on happiness without separating out the effects of other variables such as, say, education, marriage or unemployment."
Blanchflower suggests three possible reasons for people's mid-life crises and their ability to bounce back from them:
Individuals learn to "adapt to their strengths and weaknesses, and in mid-life quell their infeasible aspirations."
One becomes grateful in time for the good things in their lives. Blanchflower cites his personal experience: "I have seen school-friends die and come eventually to value my blessings during my remaining years."
It could be that cheerful people live longer, and that the U-shape simply reflects this.
via Big Think https://bigthink.com/
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text:
Q: I want to scroll up after the all childs of ListView have been scrolled up, parent widget of listview is SingleChildScrollView in flutter I have SingleChildScrollView as a parent and in that, I have two listviews each list view is wrapped with SizedBox with a specific height (like 700), what I want is, when I scroll up all the views that are in the first list, the first Listview should scroll up and then I'll be able to scroll next Listview, Please have a look into the code below.
Your help means a lot to me.
Thank you in advance.
Note: I'm getting this required behavior in chrome but not on a mobile device
SingleChildScrollView( child: Column(children: [

      SizedBox(
        height: 700,
        child:ListView.builder(
            itemCount:
          20, itemBuilder: (context, index) {
            return const ListTile(leading: Icon(Icons.icecream,
              color: Colors.amber,), title: Text("Ice Cream"),);
          },),
        ),

      SizedBox(
        height: 300,
        child: ListView.builder(
          itemCount: 20, itemBuilder: (context, index) {
          return const ListTile(
            leading: Icon(Icons.cake, color: Colors.red,),
            title: Text("Cake"),);
        },),
      ),

    ],),)

A: You Can Do something like this on the Controllers:
import 'dart:developer';

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';

class ScrollingBehaviourInDart extends StatefulWidget {
  const ScrollingBehaviourInDart({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  State<ScrollingBehaviourInDart> createState() =>
      _ScrollingBehaviourInDartState();
}

class _ScrollingBehaviourInDartState extends State<ScrollingBehaviourInDart> {
  late ScrollController _sc1;
  late ScrollController _sc2;
  late ScrollController _sc3;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _sc1 = ScrollController();
    _sc2 = ScrollController();
    _sc3 = ScrollController();
    var _pr = Provider.of<MyScrollProvider>(context, listen: false);
    _sc1.addListener(() {
      log("SC1::::::::::: " + _sc1.position.pixels.toString());
      if (_sc1.position.pixels == _sc1.position.minScrollExtent) {
        print("OK");
        _pr.changePhysics(enableScrolling: true);
      }
    });
    _sc2.addListener(() {
      if (_sc2.offset == _sc2.position.maxScrollExtent) {
        _pr.changePhysics(enableScrolling: false);
        log("YAAA");
      }
    });

    _sc3.addListener(() {
      log("SC3::::::::::: " + _sc3.position.pixels.toString());
    });

    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _sc1.dispose();
    _sc2.dispose();
    _sc3.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    var _size = MediaQuery.of(context).size;
    return SafeArea(
      child: Scaffold(
        backgroundColor: Colors.white.withOpacity(0.8),
        body: SizedBox(
          height: _size.height,
          child: Consumer<MyScrollProvider>(
            builder: (context, myScrollProvider, _) => SingleChildScrollView(
              controller: _sc1,
              child: Column(
                children: [
                  SizedBox(
                    height: _size.height * 0.5,
                    child: ListView.builder(
                      controller: _sc2,
                      physics: myScrollProvider.enablePrimaryScroll
                          ? const AlwaysScrollableScrollPhysics()
                          : const NeverScrollableScrollPhysics(),
                      itemCount: 20,
                      shrinkWrap: true,
                      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
                        return const ListTile(
                          leading: Icon(
                            Icons.icecream,
                            color: Colors.amber,
                          ),
                          title: Text("Ice Cream"),
                        );
                      },
                    ),
                  ),
                  ListView.builder(
                    itemCount: 20,
                    controller: _sc3,
                    shrinkWrap: true,
                    physics: const NeverScrollableScrollPhysics(),
                    itemBuilder: (context, index) {
                      return const ListTile(
                        leading: Icon(
                          Icons.cake,
                          color: Colors.red,
                        ),
                        title: Text("Cake"),
                      );
                    },
                  ),
                ],
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class MyScrollProvider extends ChangeNotifier {
  var enablePrimaryScroll = true;
  changePhysics({required bool enableScrolling}) {
    enablePrimaryScroll = enableScrolling;
    notifyListeners();
  }
}

A: maybe you can use Stickyheader.
import 'package:sticky_headers/sticky_headers.dart';

ListView(
 shrinkwarp:true,
 children:[
  StickyHeader(
    head: Text('List 1 '),
    content : ListView.builder(
        physics: const ClampingScrollPhysics(), // use this for clamping scroll
        itemBuilder: (context, idx) => Container(),
        itemCount:5,
       )
 StickyHeader(
    head: Text('List 2 '),
    content : ListView.builder(
        physics: const ClampingScrollPhysics(), // use this for clamping scroll
        itemBuilder: (context, idx) => Container(),
        itemCount:5,
       )
 ]
}

A: There are many easy ways to handle this situation as stated by many other developers. I have created an Example class with ScrollController and AbsordPointer classes to achieve the required behavior.
Sample

class Example extends StatefulWidget {
  const Example({super.key});

  @override
  State<Example> createState() => _ExampleState();
}

class _ExampleState extends State<Example> {
  late ScrollController scrollController;
  var reachedAtEnd = false;
  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    scrollController =ScrollController()..addListener(() {
       if (scrollController.position.pixels == scrollController.position.maxScrollExtent) {
       reachedAtEnd = true;
       setState(() {

       });
      }
    },);
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return SingleChildScrollView(
      physics: NeverScrollableScrollPhysics(),
      child: Column(
        children: [
          SizedBox(
            height: 700,
            child: ListView.builder(
              controller: scrollController,
              itemCount: 20,
              itemBuilder: (context, index) {
                return const ListTile(
                  leading: Icon(
                    Icons.icecream,
                    color: Colors.amber,
                  ),
                  title: Text("Ice Cream"),
                );
              },
            ),
          ),
          SizedBox(
            height: 300,
            child: AbsorbPointer(
              absorbing: !reachedAtEnd,
              child: ListView.builder(
                itemCount: 20,
                itemBuilder: (context, index) {
                  return const ListTile(
                    leading: Icon(
                      Icons.cake,
                      color: Colors.red,
                    ),
                    title: Text("Cake"),
                  );
                },
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

A: class HomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  const HomePage({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  _HomePageState createState() => _HomePageState();
}

class _HomePageState extends State<HomePage> with TickerProviderStateMixin {
  // this variable determnines whether the back-to-top button is shown or not
  bool _showBackToTopButton = false;

  // scroll controller
  late ScrollController _scrollController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _scrollController = ScrollController()
      ..addListener(() {
        setState(() {
          print(_scrollController.offset);
          if (_scrollController.offset >= 400) {
            _showBackToTopButton = true;
            // _scrollToTop();
            // show the back-to-top button
          } else {
            _showBackToTopButton = false; // hide the back-to-top button
          }
        });
      });

    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _scrollController.dispose(); // dispose the controller
    super.dispose();
  }

  // This function is triggered when the user presses the back-to-top button
  void _scrollToTop() {
    _scrollController.animateTo(0,
        duration: const Duration(seconds: 3), curve: Curves.linear);
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text('com'),
      ),
      body: ListView.builder(
        controller: _scrollController,
        itemCount: 40,
        itemBuilder: (context, index) {
          print(index);
          if (index == 39) {
            _scrollToTop();
          }
          return const ListTile(
            leading: Icon(
              Icons.icecream,
              color: Colors.amber,
            ),
            title: Text(' Ice Cream'),
          );
        },
      ),

    );
  }
}


Volunteens volunteer for one hour per week, with other teens, doing a variety of tasks. Volunteen hours can be used to fulfill service commitments at school, church, or other organizations.
An application is available in the Youth Center and must be completed in advance, with a parent or guardian's signature. A limited number of teens will be accepted for each time slot, so please apply early. For more information, please contact Aron Ryan at 847-289-5818 or aryan@gailborden.info.
Because the library wants to accommodate as many teens as possible, you may select only one time slot per session.


text:
Respond to tender
PIDG
Choose a language English Français
Working together to light the way for renewable energy in Chad
N'Djamena, Chad: Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) signed with the Government of Chad for the 60MWp Djermaya Solar project.
The Djermaya Solar project, represented by InfraCo Africa its majority shareholder, today signed a 25-year PPA with the Ministry of Energy and the national utility, La Société Nationale d'Electricité (SNE). The PPA marks a key milestone in the development of Djermaya Solar, enabling the project to raise construction financing and demonstrating the joint commitment of all parties to developing renewable energy in Chad.
Chad relies upon expensive heavy fuel oil and diesel for electricity, making the country vulnerable to supply failures and global price fluctuations. Djermaya Solar is one of the first solar IPP projects in Chad. This pioneering project will be delivered in two phases of 32MWp and 28MWp, gradually integrating renewable power into Chad's national grid. Development of the project is being led on the ground by Aldwych Africa Development Limited (AADL, on behalf of InfraCo Africa) and Smart Energies.
Hugues Antoine Guinoiseau, Director of Smart Energies International, said:
'This PPA marks the beginning of a long collaboration between a consortium led by Smart Energies and InfraCo Africa, the SNE and the Chadian government. The energy needs are very important in Chad – needs mostly satisfied today by polluting energies. In a country with strong sunlight like Chad, solar energy appears as a great means to expand access to a clean energy. We are happy to contribute to its deployment in Chad. This project also validates Smart Energies' internationalisation strategy, which has already developed strategic positions in several frontier markets and developing countries, on the African continent, in the Middle East and in Eastern Europe.'
InfraCo Africa, part of the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG), has committed US$3m to the development of Djermaya Solar and leveraged US$0.8m in grants from its sister PIDG company, the Technical Assistance Facility (TAF). Amongst other activities, the TAF grant has funded legal advice for the Government of Chad (GoC) to support preparation and negotiation of project documents such as the PPA. Djermaya Solar has also secured a €6.35m commitment from the EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund (EU-AITF) to build a transmission line and substation to connect Djermaya Solar to the grid.
Speaking at the signing, InfraCo Africa's Head of West Africa Business Development, Kodjo Afidegnon said:
'We are excited to be working with our partners at the forefront of renewable energy in Chad. InfraCo Africa is uniquely able to fund high-risk projects in the earliest stages of their development so that they can complete activities, such as negotiating bankable PPAs, which are necessary to mobilise private sector investment. Working with our sister PIDG companies, Djermaya Solar demonstrates our commitment to investing into challenging markets, both here and across West Africa.'
The project draws on the expertise of a range of government ministries, SNE, Agence des Energies Renouvelables au Tchad (ADER – Tchad) as well as the project company. Together they have worked to build awareness of the project and negotiate the necessary legal and regulatory frameworks to make it a success. With the Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) expected to be concluded imminently, and the African Development Bank confirmed as mandated lead arranger for the project, the first 32MWp phase of the project is on track to start delivering power in 2020.
The Minister of Petroleum and Energy, Michel Boukar, explained during the signing:
'The Djermaya Solar project is important to us because it will help to increase electricity access in our country but also reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, both being strategic goals for the Government of Chad'
« InfraCo Africa is amongst the ...
PPA signing signals progress t... »
Chad: Djermaya Solar
Lighting the way for renewables in Chad
US$2.95m
The Djermaya Solar project will develop 60MW of solar PV in two phases, gradually integrating renewable power into Chad's national grid. By establishing a cross-sector Task-Force, this project is drawing on both public and private sector expertise to rapidly develop a solution that is bankable and aligned with the Government of Chad's aspirations.
Construction to commence on the Liberia Inland Storage Facility
CrossBoundary: Open Sourcing Infrastructure Finance for Mini-grids
Behind the scenes: Igniting innovation in sub-Saharan Africa
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After events in Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona in late November, it looks like the next stop is in London, England for presentations Dec. 3, 4, 5, and 6, 2015.
Anyone planning to attend may want to follow the news stories on CBC.
"Complete The Form Below To Register For The "Real Estate Prosperity" London Event!
This is a FREE 3-Hour Training On How To Make A Fortune In Today's Real Estate Market!
As always, anyone attending will want to ask pointed questions about these claims. Ask for names, dates, addresses, etc. Who is lending the money? What is the connection between Marco Kozlowski and the Raymond Aaron Group? What is the name of the presenter and what is his story?


I am a sophomore in Ceramic Engineering here at Missouri S&T. My plans with this major is to take it to the medical field to be able to help individuals. I am a part of the Kappa Delta sorority here in Rolla, and also the VP of Internal Affairs of the Panhellenic Council. I also work for the RollaMo yearbook as the Greek life editor. I enjoy being very involved here at Missouri S&T. Fun fact about me is that I love crafting and doing dyi projects!


"A New Kind of Liberalism," New Criterion, March 2010.
In view of Alexis de Tocqueville's criticisms of philosophy, it may seem paradoxical and presumptuous to call him a philosopher; yet it was through his critique of philosophy that he set forth a new, rethought liberalism. In Democracy in America, Tocqueville criticizes materialist philosophy for encouraging democracy's habit of finding nothing in life but material pleasure and for depriving it of the pride excited by religion. In The Old Regime, he criticizes rationalist philosophy for seeking systems of reform that do not care about liberty. It is not hard to see the two philosophies as aspects of the modern political philosophy that is the source of liberalism: materialism for the sake of reform rather than resignation to the inevitable, and rationalism for the material improvement of life rather than contemplation.


One day, when I returned to Leeds from York, shunning the heavy traffic on the A64, I drove along the B1224, which runs in the peaceful fields and meadows, via Wetherby.
Turning to the right at a village of Long Marston, I went along the narrower country road leading to Tockwith. Then on the way, 6 or 7 miles to the west of York, I found an obelisk of probably some 25 feet in height on the roadside. The obelisk was erected to commemorate the Battle of Marston Moor.
The battle, the greatest one during the Cilil War, was fought here on the 2nd of July in 1644.
The Royalists army of 17,000 to 18,000 soldiers, which was commanded by Prince Rupert, a nephew of Charles I, took up their position in the north of the moor. Rupert is reputed to be the most talented cavalry's commander in English history and the Parliamentarians were afraid of him, calling him the Royalists' "Goliath".
The Allied armies from 27,000 to 28,000 took up their position in the south. The Allied armies were comprised of the Scots army of 17,000, which was commanded by Alexander Leslie, Earl of Leven, the Yorkshire Paliamentarians Army of about 5,000 commanded by Sir Thomas Fairfax, and the Army of Eastern Association of about 6,000, which was organised by Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester and Oliver Cromwell.
Being deployed along a small ditch in the moor, two armies of both sides were watching each other.
The battle was fought as follows. There was a flurry of gunfire during the afternoon, but there was no sign to develop to fight.
Towards evening, the commanders of Allied armies gathered on a small hill which was later called Cromwell's Plump to watch the Royalist army.
Then they saw columns of smoke ascending. It showed the Royalist's soldiers made fires to prepare their supper.
This was the definitive moment of this battle. Taking it the time had come, the Allied armies' cavalries of both wings charged at the Royalists. Infantries of the centre also advanced and prepared for all-out attack.
Being caught off guard, the Royalists army was thrown into a state of confusion, but they fought bravely in disorder. The numerous Allied armies made a seris of attacks against the Royalists.
With the odds against the Royalists, Prince Rupert withdrew his cavalry to try to rebuild it. However, some of the soldiers thought Rupert's tactics were his retreat. And they fled from the field, some following Rupert's cavalry and some running away for York. This invited the collapse of the Royalists army, and the battle was ended by the complete defeat of them.
The day was long in summer, but it became quite dark when the battle ended. This was a major defeat, the indication of Charles' eventual end.
Marston Moor is said to be once wasteland, only furze growing densely. Now it is fruitful farmland. Hedgerows of hawthorn extend there and a couple of houses and trees can be found here and there.
I could see the gentle Hambleton Hills to the north and the Pennines to the west. The horizon of the Plain of York was in the haziness to the east and south. Seeing the peaceful fields spreading before me, I could not imagine the severest battle during the Civil War was taken place here. Standing in the old battle field, I only remmembered following Basho's haiku*.
From the ancient days, many battles were in Yorkshire. As I described before, the battles between the Brigantes and the Romans also broke out here. The battle field were this very Yorkshire.
I pick up the names of other battles fought in Yorkshire, which I am interested in: the Battle of Hatfield Chase on the 12th of October in 633, the Battle of River Winwead on the 15th of Novenber in 655, the Battle of Stamford Bridge on the 25th of september in 1066, the Battle of Boroughbridge on the 16th of March in 1322, the Battle of Wakefield on the 30th of December in 1460, the Battle of Towton on the 29th of March in 1461.
*Haiku is a Japanese fixed verse form, consisting of seventeen syllables arranged in three lines of five, seven, five syllables. Basho Mastuo(1644-1694) is the greatest haiku poet in the late 17th century.


text:
Earl Palmer
Click for Earl Palmer Audio Interview, Courtesy "American Routes," Real Audio
The back beat of the Crescent City during the feverish fifties, Earl Palmer held down the groove at Cosimo's studio from l95O-'57 -- a period that yielded Little Richard's "Tutti-Frutti," Lloyd Price's "Lawdy Miss Clawdy," Fats Domino's "The Fat Man," and Smiley Lewis' "I Hear You Knockin,'" among countless other lease-breakin' party platters. Palmer moved to Los Angeles in the late '5Os, where he fulfilled his dream of becoming a first-rate jazz man--and then some! From Don & Dewey's "Ko Ko Joe" to Eddie Cochran's "Somethin' Else," Sheb Wooley's "Purple People Eater" and Ritchie Valens' "La Bamba," and sessions spanning the entire history of rock and roll -- including the hillbilly jazz of steel guitar master Speedy West and his Telecaster-yielding partner in crime Jimmy Bryant, the surf scene of the Beach Boys and Jan & Dean, the hard-hitting R&B of Charles Brown, Ray Charles, Earl Bostic and Lloyd Price, the blues of T-Bone Walker, B.B. King, Roosevelt Sykes and Taj Mahal, to jazz sessions with Dizzy Gillespie, Monkees albums, Tim Buckley and Tim Hardin, Duane Eddie and the Everly Brothers, through Tom Waits and Elvis Costello, Earl Palmer has played on all of 'em.


Anyone familiar with these guys? I'd love to hear comments--good or bad! Thanks!
21 Are ready for a good time! 7 Are sorry to miss the fun! 3 Are making me crazy!
I met Mike at the HyVee Bridal Show in September & I thought he had a really great personality. He was very easy to talk to & knowledgeable. I think that he would do a great job, but again, that was just the feeling I got from him, not from actual experience. And from what I can tell, his pricing is very reasonable compared to a lot of DJs out there. I plan on contacting him to discuss things for our wedding.
I would be interested in hearing anything you find out.
I've spoke with him via email and he seems very nice and very insistent on doing things the way you want them done, not the way he thinks they ought to be done. And things like a set up or tear down fee or mileage, he says he doesn't charge for, which I think is great. I'm leaning pretty heavy towrds hiring him.
my fiance and i are leaning toward him, too. he's been SO nice--just talked to him on the phone last night and set up a meeting to discuss plans after thanksgiving.
he seems really cool and fun....i think he'll keep our party going for sure!
LRPJ- how was your meeting with liquid Digital?


text:
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High School in Melbourne
Year 10 High School Program
Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE)
VCAL Courses – Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning
English for Secondary School Preparation (ESSP)
Industry Inspire
Ozford College offers Year 10 and the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE).VCE is Victoria's highly valued university preparation course of study conducted in a minimum of eighteen months and a maximum of 2 years. The VCE Program at Ozford College has been designed to meet the satisfactory completion requirements of the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE).
The Year 10 Program is a preparation year for VCE certificate courses. Year 10 students are provided with a comprehensive curriculum. All Year 10 students study the same subjects. These subjects are designed and taught so as to assist students to make the change from the way they were taught in their home country to the Australian way of teaching and learning. There are 6 subjects and each subject delivered as two semester units, one in each semester. For a list of Year 10 High School subjects click here
Year 11 (VCE study Units 1 & 2)
Year 11 is the first year of the VCE certificate program. Subjects are organized into semester long units. A normal student workload in Year 11 is 12 units in a full year (6 units each semester). English as an Additional Language (EAL) must be included in the 6 units studied each semester. Students select 6 subjects from the list of subjects offered (see list). Students who start in Terms 2 and 3 do 6 units.
Students who are of a very high standard and have the approval of the Ozford High School Academic Director may be permitted to study one VCE Unit 3/4 subject in Year 11. This possibility is only available to students who start Year 11 at the start of the year (January).
Year 12 is the second year of the VCE certificate program. Subjects are organized into semester long units. A normal student workload in Year 12 is five Unit 3/4 sequences (each sequence is a full year subject) in a full year. English as an Additional Language (EAL) Units 3/4 must be included in the 5 sequences. Students select 5 subjects from the list of subjects offered. Generally, for best results, each of the subjects selected for Year 12 should have been studied in Year 11.
Students who are of a very high standard and have the approval of the Ozford High School VCE Coordinator may be permitted to study one additional VCE study Unit 3/4 subject. Highly able students can also in Year 12 apply to participate in Enhancement and Extension Programs offered by some universities in Melbourne. These programs provide students with the opportunity to study a first year equivalent university subject in addition to their normal VCE study workload. Some credit towards a university degree is given if the subject is completed to a satisfactory standard. Entry into these programs is granted by the universities that offer the programs. Additional costs may be incurred for entry into these course programs.
Subjects in VCE and VCAL are assessed by a combination of:
Submitted work
Practical Reports
End of Semester Tests
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Year 12 – Exams and SACS (School Assessed Coursework)
The minimum requirement to obtain the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) is:
Satisfactory completion of 16 units which include:
Three units from the English group, with at least 2 Units at Unit 3 or 4 level;
Three sequences of Units 3 and 4 studies other than English.
Usually, these requirements mean that students must satisfactorily complete (Pass) at least six Units from the Year 11 Program (Units 1 & 2) and 5 Unit 3 / 4 Sequences from the Year 12 Program. Some other combinations of Units from the Year 11 and Year 12 Programs may also lead to meeting the minimum requirements.
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The gorgeous lady Anushka Sharma in a black saree with the sleeveless blouse having golden work on it. She looks hot in this black saree.
She teamed it perfectly with designer jhumkas and bangle. The lovely lady completed her look with a neat centre part tied bun with gajra in her hair, smoky eyes.
No doubt she looks elegant in black traditional saree with some beautiful jewellery.
Anushka is an Indian actress and model. She made her acting debut with shah rukh khan in Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi. Now, she is a successful actress in modern time.


This is a .925 sterling silver skull with horns belly button ring fabricated with a 316L high grade surgical steel shaft. The unique skull has jewels in the eyes in your choice of clear, light blue, dark blue, green, purple red, or pink. The externally threaded top ball size is 5mm. This navel ring measures 14 gauge and 10mm- 3/8 of an inch. Entire piece is nickel free.