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Rani Osnat
Scanning Image Layers, Prometheus, and Harbor Integrations
One of the key challenges in container image scanning is understanding where a vulnerability originated in an image, and who can fix it. Image layers allow us to do that, and Aqua's scanner now allows us to pinpoint discovered vulnerabilities to a specific layer.
Aqua CSP 4.2 sports many new features, including Aqua Vulnerability Shield and Runtime Security that we already blogged about. Additionally, we now have native integration with Prometheus, the open source monitoring tool, and the Harbor registry, popular in VMware Enterprise PKS environments.
Identifying Vulnerabilities by Layer: Accountability and Remediation
The read/write layers in images are generated during the image build. These layers are located on top of previous layers that are read-only. This layered approach enables developers to track image development, as well as reuse layers for other container images.
Layers give you information about the history of the image build, as well as information about who added the layer. In environments that are open to multiple developers, or shared open source projects, many different contributors might be involved.
Once you scan an image and identify a vulnerability in one of its components, operationally it's useful to know which layer (or layers) it's in. This can identify the individual or team who developed the layer, so you know who to go to, whether it's to understand why this was added, or who can fix it.
When it comes to remediation, you might be able to either update the vulnerable package, or roll back the image to a previous version that preceded it.
Getting scanning results by layer is also an effective way of assessing the risk of a layer before reusing it in other images. For example, when a new package is added to an existing image, you check for any security risks before that layer is duplicated. This process can be automated and scaled according to your needs.
Let's take a look at how this works, using Aqua's scanning plugin for Jenkins. We've scanned the latest jboss:wildfly image, and we can see many high severity vulnerabilities that were consequently marked as non-compliant by Aqua:
Clicking on the Layers tab will reveal the list of layers in the image, and it's very easy to see that all of the layers are clean but one:
Expanding that layer shows the detailed CVE information and makes it easy to isolate the high severity vulnerabilities:
So while it's sufficient to know which package or resource a vulnerability was found for us to be able to identify a fix, operationally, it's useful to understand which layer it came from, since it gives us the option of understanding who added the layer, potentially rolling it back, and certainly avoiding the duplication of this layer across multiple images.
Native Prometheus Integration
Prometheus is an open-source system monitoring and alerting solution, now natively supported in Aqua CSP 4.2. Prometheus is a poll-based system, which means it periodically looks for metrics exporters like Aqua (as shown below) and makes an HTTP request to them. It then stores that information in its time-series database and sends alerts as needed. Configuring and starting Prometheus with standard exporters, such as Aqua, is a straightforward process.
After your data is shared with Prometheus, you can use Grafana to get a visual representation of your metrics in real-time. Grafana, an open source tool, can export and import dashboards via JSON files. The example below is a visual representation of Aqua metrics and a Kubernetes dashboard using Grafana's platform.
Since Prometheus is hugely popular in DevOps and cloud native environments, we're hoping this integration will make the use of Aqua easier to monitor for performance and uptime.
Bringing You to a Safe Harbor
Aqua now provides native integration with the Harbor image registry. Harbor is an open source registry that stores, signs, distributes, and scans container images for vulnerabilities, and is used as part of the VMware Enterprise PKS environment. The integration can be configured in an Aqua Console with a few easy steps. Part of Aqua's commitment is to support all popular components of the cloud native ecosystem, and Harbor now joins a long list of registries that includes Docker Hub and DTR, OpenShift/Quay, Jfrog Articfactory, Sonatype Nexus, and all of the major cloud-based registries.
With every major release, Aqua adds several key innovations as well as deeper functionality, ease-of-use improvements, and wider interoperability with other tools. Watch this space for additional updates about our recent release.
Subscribe here to get updates from Aqua blog
Rani is the VP of Product Marketing and Strategy at Aqua. Rani has worked in enterprise software companies more than 25 years, spanning project management, product management and marketing, including a decade as VP of marketing for innovative startups in the cyber-security and cloud arenas. Previously Rani was also a management consultant in the London office of Booz & Co. He holds an MBA from INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France. Rani is an avid wine geek, and a slightly less avid painter and electronic music composer.
Container Security, Image Vulnerability Scanning
Crypto-Mining Malware Outsmarting Image Scanners
Securing Hybrid Cloud Workloads on Google Anthos


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Perils of a "No Deal" Brexit: opinion 1/17 and the case of CETA. UKTPO UK Trade Policy Observatory [weblog article, 6 February 2019]
Szyszczak, Erika (2019) Perils of a "No Deal" Brexit: opinion 1/17 and the case of CETA. UKTPO UK Trade Policy Observatory [weblog article, 6 February 2019]. UKTPO, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex.
Official URL: https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/uktpo/2019/02/06/perils...
The UK Government and Parliament are mired in political manoeuvres on what the post-Brexit trade landscape should look like, but it is business as usual in the European Courts, with a salient reminder that a "No-Deal" Brexit could leave the UK waiting for many years for a legally certain trade agreement with the EU. This Blog looks at the current appraisal of the EU-Canada Agreement and its compatibility with EU law.
Bexit, trade deal, CETA, fundamental rights
School of Law, Politics and Sociology > Law
K Law > KJ Europe
Erika Szyszczak

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Rae Crew
Spotlight: Jordan Singletary
-PAST EVENTS AND WORKSHOPS-
RECAP:
We asked Jordan to answer a few questions about her second heels intensive. Check out her responses here!
Spotlight Recap 1. What were your initial thoughts as you completed this workshop? How do you feel as the instructor/host? My initial thoughts after completing the workshop was of course MAJOR GRATITUDE. Despite the chaos of the state of the world, our community gathered together to ground ourselves, celebrate our ourselves and our bodies, and mostly, create a hugely supportive space for us to grow. I just felt deeply honored to open a space like that for people. 2. What did you do/teach differently in this workshop in comparison to your weekly classes at Rae. Because I had more time, I incorporated some yoga aspects into my intensive. We started off with a breathe work meditation before warming up. Took a moment to reflect on our individual strengths before strutting down a soul train line and sharing these affirmations with the group. For example, mine was "I am Jordan, I am a master shapeshifter, I am an energy influencer, and I am a badass bitch!". When choreography began, I really was able to take things slowww, emphasizing the little nuances and small things in dancing that add so much to the flavor of the choreo. Before doing it in groups at the end, we did another grounding meditation which helped students get out of their heads and dance in their bodies for the camera! 3. What was your most enjoyable moment? I really enjoyed speaking with individual students after class. Some shared stories of the hard times they were going through, how the intensive took them out of their negativity and gave them a sense of strength back. Some just smiled ear to ear and giggled saying they couldn't wait to go practice more at home. The energy of the room before and after is the reason why I feel it is important for me to keep doing these. People came in nervous and jittery and left sweaty, smiling, and empowered. People left with new friends, a sense of support, a feeling of accomplishment, and of course some hecka cute new dance moves to work on.
4. What are you hoping to share with your students who missed this experience? I am hoping to share and somehow translate the energy of that room before and after.. into words. It wasn't just another dance class. It brought out a vulnerability in every single person. It brought out our fears and insecurities. It brought out the things we THINK we are incapable of & put it in our faces. I was able to create a space that everyone was comfortable asking questions, saying "Can you do that like 300 more times for me?". Then it was like little light bulbs turning on as people started to GET IT and really CHANNEL IT. Throughout the course of the 2 hour intensive, every single person in that room had their moment. Everyone shined in their own unique way. Everyone pushed themselves past places they would expect. The energy and process was nothing short of magical.
Check out some photos / videos: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1o6NoSvEZ7Vr_zLf_wDFiLars4eb20Do6
Hi Dance Fam,
We are at it again! Starting off March we present, ROOTED #2 an empowering heels intensive with Jordan Singletary in ROOTED. In this intensive, you will dive deep in heel choreography while expanding and perfecting your craft. Learn to set a foundation in stage presence and gaining confidence to be your authentic self. Jordan will get you grounded in the musicality of dance and creating intentional movement. We are here to express, not impress.
Jordan Singletary is a powerhouse of versatility and passion. After high school, she spent 4 years on NBA's Phoenix Suns pro dance team and WNBA's Phoenix Mercury Hip Hop Squad. The experience allowed her to travel overseas, choreograph routines, and host live game entertainment. She proceeded to acquire her 200 hr yoga certification and dove deeply into the philosophies and benefits of yoga. She now teaches dance and yoga classes in the Bay Area. She blends her background of dance and yoga into artfully articulated classes. In any style class, students will expect to be challenged in a safe, supportive, and uplifting environment. Guiding others on how to get out of their heads, and into their bodies.
Meet Jordan:
She's kind, talented, and ready to share her expert tips to further your dance career in this industry. The does, the don't, and all the in betweens. Best part about Jordan, it's like hanging out with your bestie! And if you can't make this workshop, see her every Monday 7:30pm Hip Hop, Fridays 4:30pm
Yoga, Friday's 6:30pm Heels weekly at Rae Studios. We hope to see you!
Her favorite quote: "Wherever your attention goes, energy flows."
Follow Her: @ohlordyitsjordy
Workshop Details:
Spotlight Artist: JORDAN SINGLETARY
IG: @ohlordyitsjordy
Date / Time: Saturday, March 14th | 2:30 pm - 4:30 pm
Tickets: $25 Prepay | $30 at the Door
Ticket Reservations: CLICK HERE or purchase on your MindBody App
Meet the new instructors joining us for 2021 (Season 1)
Spotlight: " Vision 2021" A Vision Board Workshop, Vol 6 with Jessica Rae
Spotlight: Samantha Caudle
414 Mason Street, #705
Copyright © 2020 Rae Studios.
IN-STUDIO CLASSES


Yaquina Bay State Recreation Site has great views of Yaquina Bay and the picturesque McCullough bridge that spans it. Rich in history and steeped in nostalgia, the Yaquina Bay Lighthouse is the main attraction. Perched on the hill overlooking the jetties and open ocean, rather than the typical cylindrical lighthouse shape it is instead a colonial home with a cupola.
Note: The path to reach the lighthouse from the parking lot is very steep. This is the most difficult destination I have added to 100 Steps, and frankly I'm surprised (and a bit proud) I was able to reach it via the route described below. It is not recommended for those who have difficulty with steepness.
While creating the destination maps for this page, I found that SW Government Street, which you run into if you drive all the way through the parking lot, leads to the back of the lighthouse. Friends of Yaquina Lighthouses lists this parking area as available for "access-compromised visitor groups". I do not know if it requires a disabled parking placard. Next time I am in Newport, I will visit again and update this page with the easier route to the lighthouse.
Adjacent to the parking lot, this deck affords views of the distinctive Yaquina Bay bridge, the bay and passing sea craft, the north and south jetties protecting the bay entrance, the open ocean beyond them, and perhaps even a pirate ship (a tourist attraction from in town, rather than a ruffian-hosted threat). Ringed with a plethora of descriptive signs, this can be an educational stop as well.
Restrooms: From the indicated parking, if you head north in the parking lot via car, you will see the restrooms on the right.
Directions: The viewing deck is clearly visible on the south side of the parking lot.
As mentioned in the introduction above, this path is steep. The stairs themselves are not fully level, and I experienced mild vertigo (which is not a sensation I'm prone to) toward the top due to their unevenness and the height. All that aside, I'm glad a made the trek. The 1800s brick walkway winds through groomed foliage, and helps move you into the old-world ambience. The bench is a welcome resting spot before continuing to the lighthouse. From the path just below the bench you can photograph the lighthouse, avoiding the Coast Guard lookout tower that rises behind it marring the historical surroundings.
Terrain: Steep stairs with railing (10 steps, a landing, 11 more steps). Brick path is uneven at the start and steep. Tough on the lungs and legs going up, tough on the knees heading down. There is a wood railing on one side of the path.
Restrooms: No. Nearest are in the parking lot below, or above at the lighthouse.
Directions: Head to the stairs on the north side of the parking lot. Climb and follow the path.
Dripping with history, riddled with inhabitant turnover and vacancies, and fraught with stories of hauntings, the service time for this lighthouse was brief but its background is certainly not. Tours are offered within scheduled hours. The bench just past the lighthouse allows you to witness from a higher vantage all the sights available from the viewing deck in the parking lot.
Terrain: Brick path with steady incline to the lighthouse. If you want to head into the lighthouse, there are seven stairs. I did not enter so cannot describe the inside terrain.
Seating: There is a bench with a back next to the lighthouse.
Fee: No fee, although donations are accepted for lighthouse tours.
Restrooms: Yes. There is sign near the lighthouse that indicates nearby restrooms, but I did not investigate to determine the distance or terrain.
Directions: From the bench on the lighthouse path, follow the trail until you reach the lighthouse or the bench just beyond.


What it offers: Wealthy.in was launched as an online tax saving guide to help simplify income tax returns and do tax calculations easily. The portal suggests investment strategies to the users through a simple questionnaire, using machine learning and artificial intelligence. "We try to suggest a portfolio that suits the customer," says Agarwal. The portal boasts of a user base of 620 people and claims to have facilitated investments worth Rs 50 lakh. Wealthy claims that most of its users make an investment in a single sitting.


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3 keys to Ole Miss vs. LSU
Stadium Spotlight: When LSU's Tiger Stadium was literally home
When LSU's Tiger Stadium first opened, it was both a field and a dorm. Now it's a football cathedral and will be on display Saturday night when the Tigers host Ole Miss.
Tim Newcomb
In 1924, LSU students lived and breathed Tiger Stadium. Well, at least about 1,500 of them who lived in the in-stadium dormitory. Now, though, over 102,000 fans come to the 100-year-old venue to reside in one of the more tradition-bound stadium experiences in the nation.
Sure, the original Tiger Stadium, which held 12,000 fans, also served as a student dorm -- it took on that role again temporarily in 1984 during on-campus renovations -- but the continuous upgrades to the venue that serves as a prominent on-campus feature alongside the Mississippi River now has the Tigers playing in one of the six largest stadiums in the nation.
But Tiger Stadium -- or Death Valley, if you prefer -- never lost that original dorm-centric heritage or historical flair.
Louisiana State University/Getty Images
Trey Trahan, president of Trahan Architects and designer of past Tiger Stadium renovations, tells SI.com the signature framed openings on the structure were originally part of the dormitory building, an embedded piece of architecture that has lived on in the 528 windows.
"It gives it a unique character and connects it to the rest of the campus, the early history of Louisiana French and Spanish," Trahan says.
With an exterior look preserved for aesthetic purposes, the lower bowl's original rake has provided more than a visual benefit. Trahan says the steep lower bowl, angled more than would be allowed in present design codes, serves to increase the degree of intimacy, all while holding sound within the bowl with greater intensity.
To be more than spoiler, LSU needs production from QBs; Walkthrough
"That is one of the reasons for the magic in the stadium," he says. "The intimacy and acoustic reverberation. The more the bowl is enclosed and the higher the walls, the more intimate the space and the louder it is going to be. That is what happens (in Tiger Stadium)."
Former Five-Star QB Tate Martell Retires
By Joseph Salvador
Brenden Rice, Son of Jerry Rice, Transfers to USC
During a Trahan-designed renovation in 2012, crews redid the west side upper deck and created new arched entries to build symmetry with the rest of the campus. Tiger Stadium has passed through a variety of configurations, going to a horseshoe in 1936, a bowl in 1953 and a venue with an upper deck in 1978. Other recent changes include a new north plaza, a lighting system to turn the upper archways of the north end purple and gold and the south end zone expansion.
Trahan says part of the intrigue in the upper deck includes the views, whether of the river, the state capital, the campus oaks or the clay-tiled campus roofs. And it all comes to life just a touch more at night in Baton Rouge. The tradition of spending an evening under the lights in Death Valley started in 1931, helping LSU create an ambience that improves the team's winning percentage from the mid-.600s to nearly .800.
• STAFF: Week 9 picks: Can LSU knock off Ole Miss?; more
Sure, architecturally the stadium lights in new ways at night, illuminating the infrastructure and offsetting it with the river. But lights also allow stadiums to create a different on-field ambiance.
"You light the field, you illuminate the large volumes of the stadium," Trahan says. "In the darkness of the night, it feels more precious."
Precious. Not always the descriptor you'll hear for Tiger Stadium, but as fitting as any for a stadium turned dormitory to football cathedral.
Tim Newcomb covers stadiums, design and gear for Sports Illustrated. Follow him on Twitter at @tdnewcomb.


07/16/15 THIS REALLY HAPPENED PART 2... | Vida Preciosa International, Inc.
Hmmm. I think it took me about a half hour to totally wrap my head around what I'm going to tell you, and ascribe to that noble philosophy.
and our "One Eye" morph, also an incomplete dominant, (we affectionately call him "one eye" due to him missing one eye, which appeared to have been an old but well healed injury he had prior to our receiving him).
In the last two years we hatched two male Tobas from our female Toba bred to an albino male and two male and two female "one eye" babies from our male "One Eye" bred to an albino female (perfect in every way, we need a name for this morph!).
The female albino was raised here and prior to being introduced to any of these males was raised and housed in a cb 70 by herself. I decided to place her with the Toba male in 2013, when I ultrasounded her and saw that she had 15 mm follicles. This is the measurement I use to indicate a female is in the range when it is a good time to introduce a female to a male for breeding that has historically led to good results.
Previously I had tried for several years (unsuccessfully) to breed the male Toba to the female Toba, so in 2013, I decided to separate the pair and put them each with an albino and try and get at least some babies on the ground. The female successfully laid a clutch of 10 eggs, and we got 2 male Tobas theoretically het for albino, so I was ecstatic. The male Toba was in with the female albino I picked, but she did not produce any eggs.
So last fall at the end of 2014, I decided to throw caution to the wind and put the female albino that had been in with the male Toba the previous year in with "One Eye". Since I had gotten a good clutch sired by him bred to another female albino the previous year, unlike the male Toba this guy had a track record. My thoughts were the babies would be either Tobas that resulted from retained sperm from the Toba male or One Eye babies from this year's breeding. No downside there! Wow this was a clutch to look forward to!!
As I realized the albino female looked gravid, many conversations were had about this eagerly awaited clutch. "There's no downside here" I repeated on multiple phone exchanges. "Yes this will be interesting to see, I just don't know what will happen! They could be "Tobas" or "One Eyes!" Finally the eagerly awaited clutch was laid, 9 perfect eggs! "Whatever I get will be great" I exclaimed!! "I really could use a couple of female Tobas, since I got 2 males last time, but any more "One Eyed" babies would be great too! Maybe I will get both!! It's possible!"
Sixty long days went by. The hatching day was upon us!! All of the clutches were hatching to the day, the incubator had done its job, and on day 60 of each clutch, little noses were seen to appear. It might be the most perfectly tuned we have had the incubator, so I felt pretty confident little Toba noses or One Eye noses, or both would await me on the morning of day 60.
The egg shells, admittedly from this clutch looked a little rough. All of the other clutches were really pristine white and looked perfect until hatching. These eggs frankly looked off color and sometimes I thought mold might be growing on them, but they always smelled fine, and thats the ultimate good/bad egg test. So I felt good about them hatching despite looking by this time pretty bad.
The morning of day 60 I raced through the snake house to the incubator. I walked in, closed the door, flicked on the light. I peered into the egg container. You could have hit me over the head with a board. Yes there were heads sticking out of the eggs. But they were not Tobas, they were not One Eyes, they were not even normals! They were albinos!! Ahhhh!! How could this happen!! This snake has never been in with an albino! I repeat this female was NEVER been in with an albino. I can tell you most assuredly from 2012 in her cb70 rack until now this female has never been in with an albino, and frankly I haven't put any red albino with another red albino in so long I can't remember that far back, except the pairing of like animals from our very specific lineages our yellow t positives and cherry bomb animals.
Photo by Dave and Tracy Barker VPI 2015 Baby Red Albino Python brongersmai from female Red Albino bred by "Toba" and "One Eye" males over last 2 years.
This can not be happening!! I have bred pythons for more than 25 years and I'm telling you that this has never happened to me in my incubator! Now I am well familiar with multiple paternity of clutches (though I have never had this happen because I never run more than one male in with a female in any single season, and by rule I never switch morph males year to year, this time was a unique exception, and it was using males that have genetics of incomplete dominant traits, so I knew I would know who fathered what!). I am familiar with people's reports of breeding a female one year with male A, the female laying eggs, breeding her the next year with male B, and then when she lays eggs, the father is still male A, not the most recent male B. As crazy as that sounds, it is on the record, at least that's what I've heard, though it personally has never happened to me.
So where are we here? How could a female albino who has been in with two different males with two different incomplete dominant traits and never been in with a male albino, produce all albino babies?!


Full disclosure: This blog post is full of bias and opinion. I am a product of the arts. I am a supporter of, an advocate for, employed by, and a contributor to the arts. While the below attempts to capture a story of Scottsdale Leadership Arts Day 2019, if you wanted a non-biased debrief of the day, a different person should have written the post.
How many of you are guilty of saying one of the following sayings: "I'm not an artist", "I can't draw", or "I'm not the creative one, that's so-and-so"?
But how many of you have had tested a hypothesis in a lab setting, designed home décor or landscaping, maybe you remodeled your home, or have your own website? All of those tasks use creative thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills. The same skills that are used by artists daily.
We are all artists. Art has been an integral part of humanity long before the industrialized, concrete world we live in today pushed it into performance halls and museums. Art is what brings together a community and fosters innovative ideas. The arts make us whole.
That's what arts day was about. It looked at how the arts have shaped individuals in our community, how the arts contribute to our community's identity, and how the arts impact our community's economy. Our day presented us with amazing music, theater and visual arts programming from local, national and international artists. The panels were comprised of local and state experts in the arts that provided thought-provoking discussions about the value and impact of the arts.
We are lucky to live in a community that has one of the earliest models of public art programs that is funded through public and private development. We are proud to host world-class arts organizations that present the best of visual and performing arts. We are fueled by a robust creative economy that represents $4.9 billion and boasts 90,000 employees.
While the day was more passive in artistic understanding, I hope that we are all left with a feeling of empowerment and action. John Sather, managing partner for Swabeck pllc. said it best, "Scottsdale is based on big ideas." Those big ideas came from creative, visionary minds whether they were in the arts or not. They came from leaders that had a passion to build a community that is vibrant, healthy, and innovative. You don't have to be a virtuoso in an artistic trade to be an artist. All you need is a drive to make our community better through innovation, discovery, and building a sense of place. Now go forth and be an artist for our community.
A special thanks to our sponsors and partners of the day including day chairs, Taylor Buttrey, Robert Leger, and Diana Smith; FirstBank, Wells Fargo, Eur Haus Food Truck; Scottsdale Arts; and our many speakers and panelists.
While I agree with a sentiment which amounts to "art is good," nebulous adjectives like "world-class," "visionary," "passion," culminating in the ever popular and even less meaningful homage to "big ideas," doesn't lead me back to the premise.
In the current environment of governmental neglect of critical infrastructure and erosion/dilution of core services, no one is served by back-patting. The real discussion should be about how much the citizens should be taxed to support "the arts," how government officials should enforce accountability for those expenditures, and how to ensure maximum relevance of the end product to the taxpayers who involuntarily fund these activities.
ScottsdaleArts is a private business, with a 20-year, no-bid contract, free rent in taxpayer-owned and taxpayer-maintained facilities, AND it receives $5 MILLION in taxpayer-funded cash subsidies EVERY YEAR with virtually no transparency or accountability to the taxpayers about how that money is spent.
Management audit letters are not released to the city, in order to maintain the lie that they are not subject to public records requests.
Is this a "model" about which we really want to be bragging, in the face of $2 BILLION in municipal debt (highest per-capita in the metro area), $2 BILLION more in deferred infrastructure maintenance, and a proposal to ask the citizens to raise their own taxes to borrow ANOTHER $300 million to make up for the mayor and council's budgetary dishonesty?


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Looking to create a fundraiser or purchase wholesale? Or do you need a special order, wedding or baby shower gift? Don't hesitate to contact us!
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Deadly viruses are no match for plain, old soap — here's the science behind it
by Noelle Berg March 31, 2020
Shameless Soap Co wants to provide thorough, credibly sourced, and comprehensive information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Below is an article written by Palli Thordarson explaining the science behind why soap is so crucial and valuable to fight against the spread of COVID-19.
Why does soap work so well on the new coronavirus and, indeed, most viruses? Because it is a self-assembled nanoparticle in which the weakest link is the lipid (fatty) bilayer.
That sounds scientific. Let me explain.
Soap dissolves the fat membrane, and the virus falls apart like a house of cards and "dies," or rather, it becomes inactive as viruses aren't really alive. Viruses can be active outside the body for hours, even days.
Disinfectants, or liquids, wipes, gels and creams containing alcohol (and soap) have a similar effect but are not as good as regular soap. Apart from alcohol and soap, antibacterial agents in those products don't affect the virus structure much. Consequently, many antibacterial products are basically just an expensive version of soap in how they act on viruses. Soap is the best, but alcohol wipes are good when soap is not practical or handy, for example in office reception areas.
But why, exactly, is soap so good? To explain that, I will take you through a journey of supramolecular chemistry, nanoscience and virology. I will try to explain this in generic terms, which means leaving out special chemistry terms. (I must point out that, while I am an expert in supramolecular chemistry and the assembly of nanoparticles, I am not a virologist.)
I have always been fascinated by viruses, as I see them as one of them most spectacular examples of how supramolecular chemistry and nanoscience converge.
Most viruses consist of three key building blocks: RNA, proteins and lipids.The RNA is the viral genetic material — it is similar to DNA. The proteins have several roles, including breaking into the target cell, assisting with virus replication and basically being a key building block (like a brick in a house) in the virus structure.
The lipids then form a coat around the virus, both for protection and to assist with its spread and cellular invasion. The RNA, proteins and lipids self-assemble to form the virus. Critically, there are no strong "covalent" bonds holding these units together.
Instead, the viral self-assembly is based on weak "non-covalent" interactions between the proteins, RNA and lipids. Together, these act together like Velcro, so it is hard to break up the self-assembled viral particle. Still, we can do it — with soap!
Most viruses, including the coronavirus, are between 50-200 nanometers — so they truly are nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have complex interactions with surfaces they are on; it's the same with viruses. Skin, steel, timber, fabric, paint and porcelain are very different surfaces.
When a virus invades a cell, the RNA "hijacks" the cellular machinery like a computer virus and forces the cell to make fresh copies of its own RNA and the various proteins that make up the virus.
These new RNA and protein molecules self-assemble with lipids (readily present in the cell) to form new copies of the virus. That is, the virus does not photocopy itself; it makes copies of the building blocks, which then self-assemble into new viruses.
All those new viruses eventually overwhelm the cell, and it dies or explodes, releasing viruses that then go on to infect more cells. In the lungs, viruses end up in the airways and mucous membranes.
When you cough, or especially when you sneeze, tiny droplets from the airways can fly up to 30 feet. The larger ones are thought to be main coronavirus carriers, and they can go at least 7 feet. So, cover your coughs and sneezes!
Skin is an ideal surface for viruses
These tiny droplets end up on surfaces and dry out quickly. But the viruses are still active. What happens next is all about supramolecular chemistry and how self-assembled nanoparticles (like the viruses) interact with their environment.
Now it is time to introduce a powerful supramolecular chemistry concept that effectively says: Similar molecules appear to interact more strongly with each other than dissimilar ones. Wood, fabric and skin interact fairly strongly with viruses.
Contrast this with steel, porcelain and at least some plastics, such as Teflon. The surface structure also matters. The flatter the surface, the less the virus will "stick" to the surface. Rougher surfaces can actually pull the virus apart.
So why are surfaces different? The virus is held together by a combination of hydrogen bonds (like those in water) and hydrophilic, or "fat-like," interactions. The surface of fibers or wood, for instance, can form a lot of hydrogen bonds with the virus.
In contrast, steel, porcelain or Teflon do not form much of a hydrogen bond with the virus. So the virus is not strongly bound to those surfaces and is quite stable.
For how long does the virus stay active? It depends. The novel coronavirus is thought to stay active on favorable surfaces for hours, possibly a day. What makes the virus less stable? Moisture ("dissolves"), sunlight (UV light) and heat (molecular motions).
The skin is an ideal surface for a virus. It is organic, of course, and the proteins and fatty acids in the dead cells on the surface interact with the virus through both hydrogen bonds and the "fat-like" hydrophilic interactions.
So when you touch a steel surface with a virus particle on it, it will stick to your skin and, hence, get transferred on to your hands. But you are not (yet) infected. If you touch your face, though, the virus can get transferred.
And now the virus is dangerously close to the airways and the mucus-type membranes in and around your mouth and eyes. So the virus can get in and — voila! — you are infected. That is, unless your immune system kills the virus.
If the virus is on your hands, you can pass it on by shaking someone's else hand. Kisses, well, that's pretty obvious. It goes without saying that if someone sneezes in your face, you're stuck.
So how often do you touch your face? It turns out most people touch the face once every two to five minutes. So you're at high risk once the virus gets on your hands, unless you wash off the active virus.
So let's try washing it off with plain water. It might just work. But water "only" competes with the strong "glue-like" interactions between the skin and virus via hydrogen bonds. The virus is sticky and may not budge. Water isn't enough.
Soap dissolves a virus' structure
Soapy water is totally different. Soap contains fat-like substances known as amphiphiles, some structurally similar to the lipids in the virus membrane. The soap molecules "compete" with the lipids in the virus membrane. That is more or less how soap also removes normal dirt of the skin (see graphic at the top of this article).
The soap molecules also compete with a lot other non-covalent bonds that help the proteins, RNA and the lipids to stick together. The soap is effectively "dissolving" the glue that holds the virus together. Add to that all the water.
The soap also outcompetes the interactions between the virus and the skin surface. Soon the virus gets detached and falls apart like a house of cards due to the combined action of the soap and water. Boom, the virus is gone!
The skin is rough and wrinkly, which is why you need a fair amount of rubbing and soaking to ensure the soap reaches every nook and cranny on the skin surface that could be hiding active viruses.
Alcohol-based products include all "disinfectants" and "antibacterial" products that contain a high share of alcohol solution, typically 60%-80% ethanol, sometimes with a bit of isopropanol, water and a bit of soap.
Ethanol and other types of alcohol do not only readily form hydrogen bonds with the virus material but, as a solvent, are more lipophilic than water. Hence, alcohol does dissolve the lipid membrane and disrupt other supramolecular interactions in the virus.
However, you need a fairly high concentration (maybe 60%-plus) of the alcohol to get a rapid dissolution of the virus. Vodka or whiskey (usually 40% ethanol) won't dissolve the virus as quickly. Overall, alcohol is not as good as soap at this task.
Nearly all antibacterial products contain alcohol and some soap, and that does help kill viruses. But some also include "active" bacterial killing agents, such as triclosan. Those, however, do basically nothing to the virus.
Alcohol works — to a degree
To sum up, viruses are almost like grease-nanoparticles. They can stay active for many hours on surfaces and then get picked up by touch. Then they get to our face and infect us because most of us touch our face frequently.
Water is not effective alone in washing the virus off our hands. Alcohol-based products work better. But nothing beats soap — the virus detaches from the skin and falls apart readily in soapy water.
Supramolecular chemistry and nanoscience tell us not only a lot about how the virus self-assembles into a functional, active menace, but also how we can beat viruses with something as simple as soap.
Here's the link to the full article: https://www.marketwatch.com/story/deadly-viruses-are-no-match-for-plain-old-soap-heres-the-science-behind-it-2020-03-08
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in: Pseudoscience, Forensics, Writing,
Personality: Self concept · Personality testing · Theories · Mind-body problem
This article needs rewriting to enhance its relevance to psychologists..
Please help to improve this page yourself if you can..
Graphology is the study and analysis of handwriting especially in relation to human psychology. The term is sometimes incorrectly used to refer to forensic document examination. In the medical field, it is used to refer to the study of handwriting as an aid in diagnosis, and tracking of diseases of the brain, and nervous system.
Critics cite the lack of supporting empirical evidence as a reason to not use it for personality evaluation. Supporters point to the anecdotal evidence of thousands of positive testimonials as a reason to use it for personality evaluation.
One may also say that graphology is an orthographical study, embracing the ideas that writing systems operate on style and form.
1 Basic tenets
2 Approaches to graphology
2.1 Systems of handwriting analysis
2.2.1 Writing systems
2.3 Certification
3 Vocabulary
4 Validity
4.1 Specific objections
5 Legal considerations
5.1 Privacy
5.2 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
5.3 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
6 Applications of graphology
6.1 Employment profiling
6.2 Business compatibility
6.3 Psychological analysis
6.4 Marital compatibility
6.5 Medical diagnosis
6.6 Jury screening
6.7 Graphotherapy
7 Forensic document examination
8 Graphology in court testimony
9 Divination
11.1 Systems of handwriting analysis
11.2 People
11.3 Organizations of handwriting analysts
11.4 Related fields
11.5 Other
Basic tenets
Graphology is based upon a number of basic assertions:
When we write, the 'ego' is active but it is not always active to the same degree. Its activity comes and goes, waxes and wanes; being at its highest level when an effort has to be made by the writer and at its lowest level when the motion of the writing organ has gained momentum and is driven by it.
The writer who writes under circumstances where the action of writing is especially difficult, will instinctively use either the forms of letters which are more familiar to him, or forms of letters which are simple and easy to write.
The written movement is under the direct influence of the central nervous system. The form of the written movement is modified further by flexibly assembled coordinative structures in the hand, arm, and shoulder, which follow principles of dynamical systems. This writing movement is not modified by the writing organ ( mouth, hand, foot, arm ) if this functions normally and is sufficiently adapted to its function.
The neurophysiological mechanisms which contribute to the written movement are related to conditions within the central nervous system and vary in accordance with them. The written strokes, therefore, reflect both momentary and long term changes in the central nervous system such as the influence of alcohol, and disease processes, such as Parkinson's disease.
One must examine the handwriting or drawing movements by considering them as movements organized by the central nervous system and produced under biomechanical and dynamical constraints. Given these considerations, graphologists proceed to evaluate the pattern, form, movement, rhythm, quality, and consistency of the graphic stroke in terms of psychological interpretations. Such interpretations vary according to the graphological theory applied by the analyst.
Most schools of thought in graphology concur that one graphological sign can be a component of many different clusters, with each cluster having a different psychological interpretation. The significance of the cluster can be assessed accurately by tracing each component of the cluster back to their origins and adapting the meaning of the latter to the conditions of the milieu in which the form appears.
Approaches to graphology
Integrative graphology
This approach holds that specific stroke formations relate to personality traits. Most systems within this approach use a cluster of stroke formations, to score a specific personality trait. Systems that fall under this umbrella are: fixed signs, trait stroke, French System and Graphoanalysis®. It has been described as starting from the inside, and working to the outside.
Holistic graphology
This is commonly, but incorrectly referred to as Gestalt Graphology. Gestalt Graphology was a system of handwriting analysis developed circa 1915 in Germany. In this approach (Holistic Graphology) a profile is constructed on the basis of Form, Movement and Space. It has been described as starting from the outside, and working to the inside.
Symbolic analysis
In this approach, one looks for symbols seen in the handwriting. This can be either Major symbolism, or Minor Symbolism.
Major symbolism is the meaning ascribed to the stroke, as it related to the page.
Minor symbolism ascribes a meaning to the stroke, depending upon the picture that the stroke draws. For example, John Wayne's signature shows a blackened out portion, that represents his lung cancer.
This approach provides the theory that underlies both Holistic Graphology, and Integrative Graphology. Max Pulver(1931)[1] is the best known exponent of this system.
Systems of handwriting analysis
Each approach to handwriting analysis has spawned several different systems.
Graphoanalysis was the most influential system in the United States, between 1929 and 2000.
The Psychogram[2] [3] is the only system to have been taught as part of an academic degree, at an accredited institution in the United States.
The Personal Worth Chart was developed by Handwriting Consultants of San Diego[4] during the early eighties.
The Psychograph [5]was developed by Leslie King during the seventies.
Wittlich Character Diagram.[6][7][8][9]
Muller - Enskat Protokol [10][11][12][13]
Other / Not Yet Classified
Szondi
Girolamo Moretti [14][15][16] [17]
Sisteme de Xandro.[18][19][20]
The academic institutions in the world offering accredited degrees in handwriting analysis are:
The University of Urbino, Italy: MA (Graphology)
The University of Rome, Italy: BA (Graphology)
Emerson University College, Buenos Aires, Argentina: BA (Graphology)
Training in the United States is available through correspondence courses. Both the quality, and legality of graphological courses vary tremendously. The situation in other countries is not much different.
The majority of material in the field is oriented towards the Latin Writing system.
In Israel, it is a safe assumption that the Hebrew, Latin, and Cyrillic Writing systems will be covered.
For Eastern Europe, and Russia, it is a safe assumption that either the Latin and Cyrillic Writing system or only the Cyrillic Writing system will be covered.
For Western Europe, North America, and South America, it is a safe assumption that only the Latin Writing system will be covered.
For the rest of the world, the odds are that only the Latin writing will be covered. This may, but usually is not applicable to the local writing system.
Before taking any course, or certification, ensure that it is usable for the local writing system.
There is no certification that is generally recognized, either within, or without the field. Certifications are invariably linked to the organization one belongs to, and are no longer recognized when one resigns from the organization.
"Every system of handwriting analysis has its own vocabulary. Even though two or more systems may share the same words, the meaning of those words is different. Except in very rare instances, the technical meaning of a word used by a handwriting analyst, and the common meaning are not congruent. Resentment, for example, in common usage, means to feel or exhibit annoyance. In Graphoanalysis, the term indicates a fear of imposition."[21]
The scientific foundation of graphology can be documented in reviews of the literature, such as Fluckinger, Tripp & Weinberg(1961) [22] , Lockowandte (1976) [23] and Nevo(1986)[24]
Going through the published research, Crumbaugh & Stockholm[25] stands out as being one of the few studies that supports handwriting analysis.
Far more common are studies such as Ben-Shakar, Bar-Hillel, Blum, Ben-Abba, & Flug[26] which indicates that graphology has little or no validity.
Specific objections
The Barnum Effect -- which is a problem for validating most, if not all methods of personality testing. See, for example, Tallent(1958)[27] on clinical evaluations, and how easily they can become non-individualized.
Related to this is the Dr Fox Effect[28] and the Aunt Fanny Effect. Both of these are also side effects of graphology having extremely high face validity. These can only be overcome by individual handwriting analysts learning how to write individualized graphological reports. The Institute of Graphological Science in Dallas, Texas offers as part of its 2nd Level Certification an extensive and detailed instruction on writing an individualized graphological report, it is to be found in the Level 2 Manual, chapter 17, pages 273-291, and the IGAS Certified Graphoanalysis Course also comes close to doing so, by providing what is colloquially called The Green Sheet.
Effect Size: This is Dean's(1992)[29] only substantial argument against the use of graphology. The effect size is too small. In other words, for a specific individual, it possibly is not useful. For a large group, it can be useful. A survey of the studies he cites, shows glaring problems in research design, methodology and assumptions that the experimenters made about handwriting analysis.
Vagueness: One of the key points of attack for critics is the ease with which a graphologer can alter the "rules". Formnivieau, for example, interpretates a sign positively, if the individual is high status, and negatively, if the individual has low status.
Very often graphologists will state that handwriting analysis in the workplace is legal, and cite one or more of the following cases:
Gilbert v California :388 US 263-267 (1967)
US v Dionisio :410 US 1 (1973) 1973, Lawyers Edition, Second Series 35, 67; 93 SC 774
US v Mara aka Marasovich :410 US 19 (1973)
US v Rosinsky :547 F 2nd 249 ( CA 4th 1977 )
United States v Wade :388 US 218, 221-223 (1967)
They are all related to obtaining samples for comparison with documents, sound recordings etc and used to determine whether the individual who provided the sample, is the same person as created the evidence that they have.
Nothing to do with permission to do a psychological analysis is implied.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Many graphologists will claim that handwriting analysis is non-discriminatory, since it cannot determine Gender, Age, Ethnicity, or other EEOC Protected Classes.[30] Thus far, there have been no studies demonstrating that the use of handwriting analysis in employment does not have a disparate impact upon EEOC protected classes.
There have been a number of studies on gender and handwriting, since Binet(1898)[31]. Uniformly the research indicates that gender can be determined at a significant level. The published studies on ethnicity, race, age[32][33], nationality [34], gender orientation, weight, and their relationship to handwriting have had mixed results, with a tendency to indicate that they can be determined from handwriting.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
One of the rules of thumb in human resources is that if an individual who has an ADA-defined disability cannot take a test, then nobody can. As a result, tests that cannot be adapted for use by those individuals will not be used by a company.
Handwriting clearly falls into the group of tests that cannot be adapted to be administered to individuals who fall within one or more ADA-defined disabilities. Blind people, for example, do not develop the required fluency in handwriting, for the writing to be correctly analyzed.
Questions that Handwriting Analysts ask,before doing an analysis, can be illegal under this act.[35]
Applications of graphology
The most common applications of graphology are:
Employment profiling
Business Compatibility
Marital compatibility
Psychological analysis
Jury Screening
A company takes a writing sample provided by an applicant, and proceeds to do a personality profile, matching the congruency of the applicant with the ideal psychological profile of employees in the position.[36]
A graphological report is meant to be used in conjunction with other tools, such as comprehensive background checks and practical demonstration of work skills. Of the traditional tools used in the hiring process, the only one that graphology can replace is the job interview.
Research in employment suitability has ranged from complete failure [37] to guarded success[38]
The use of graphology in the hiring process has been criticized on ethical grounds[39] and on legal grounds.[40]
This is an additional service offered by some handwriting analysts. The focus of these reports can be one, or more of the following:
This is a report the describes how compatible the individual is, with each employee in the company.
The average company employee
For this report, the mean, mode, and median scores of every scored data point , for the entire company are used, to create three hypothetical employees. The individual is then compared to these three employees, with the focus being how good a fit the individual is.
Division wide
This is a report that describes how compatible the individual is, with each employee in the division.
The average division employee
For this report, the mean, mode, and median scores of every scored data point , for the entire division are used, to create three hypothetical employees. The individual is then compared to these three employees, with focus being how well the individual will fit into the existing company psychodynamic profile.
Unit wide
This is a report the describes how compatible the individual is, with each employee in the unit.
The average unit employee
For this report, the mean, mode, and median scores of every scored data point , for the entire unit are used, to create three hypothetical employees. Those are then compared to the applicant, with a focus on how good a fit the individual is.
The unit manager / Co-worker
This explores the differences in personal style between a manager/co-worker and potential employee. The end result is on how each can maximize productivity and minimize personal friction.
Composite reports
This explores the difference in personal style between every employee in a group. The idea is for each member of the group to learn not only their own strengths and weakness, but also those of their co-workers, and how they can more harmoniously work together. The resulting reports not only deal with the individual on a one-to-one level within the group, but also each individual as a part of a group of three, four, five, etc people within the group.
The content of these reports can range from a simple perspectrograph, to a four wheel Wittlich Diagram and accompanying twenty five thousand word analysis.
These reports can range from a ten item check off list to a 10 000 word report on the makeup of an individual from the perspective of Freudian Psychoanalysis, Transactional Analysis[41], or another personality theory.
A major value of a graphological analysis lies in the increased understanding of people and the ability consequently to enjoy improved relationships both personally and professionally.[42]It complements psychometric assessment because they each come from different directions according to the International Graphology Association.
In its simplest form, only sexual expression, and sexual response are examined. At its most complex, every aspect of an individual is examined for how it affects the other individual(s). The basic theory is that knowing, and understanding how each other are different, any commitment that is made, will be more enduring. Whilst these are typically done for couples, it is not unknown for a polyamourus group to obtain a report, prior to the commitment ceremony of a new individual, into the group.
In cultures where arranged marriage are common, graphology can be used as an additional checkpoint on the compatibility of the couple, prior to the elders giving their consent for the marriage to take place.
Medical graphology [43] is probably the most controversial aspect of handwriting analysis. On one end, are research studies in which handwriting is used as one data point in making a clinical diagnosis[44]. On the other end of claims made by graphologists, which have neither research, nor theory to support them.
Alfred Kanfer published several papers [45] [46] whose implication was that cancer could be detected using handwriting analysis, prior to the then standard medical tests. Subsequent studies failed to support his findings.
The Vanguard Code of Ethical Practice, amongst others,prohibits medical diagnosis unless one is also licensed to do diagnosis in the state in which they practice.
A graphologist is given handwriting samples of a prospective jury and determines who should be struck, based upon their alleged personality profile. After the trial has begun, the graphologist advises counsel on how to slant their case, for the most favorable response from the jury.[47]
Graphotherapy
This is the practice of changing a person's handwriting, to change their personality. It was pioneered in France during the nineteen-thirties, spreading to the Unites states in the late fifties. [48]
The "therapy" consists of a series of exercises which are similar to those taught in basic calligraphy courses. There have been anecdotal reports of these exercises curing everything from drug addiction to anorexia nervosa, and back to borderline personality disorder.
Forensic document examination
This discipline is better known as questioned document examination within the judicial system. This is used to determine whether or not a document was written by the person who is thought to have written it. As such, this is not an aspect of graphology.
Goodtitle Drevett v Braham 100 Eng Rep 1139 (1792) is reportedly the first case at which the testimony of a questioned document examiner was accepted.
Graphology in court testimony
Cameron v Knapp, 137 Misc. 2d 373, 520 N.Y.S.2d 917 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. Co. 1987) (handwriting expert may testify as to the authenticity of a writing but not as to an individual's physical or mental condition based on a handwriting sample) stands as current U.S. case law for the rejection of graphology as psychological testimony.
Carroll v State [276 Ark 160; 634 SW 2d 99, 101-102 (1982)] probably will be remembered for reasons why no graphologists should be allowed to testify. Both sides demonstrated that graphology has no scientific basis. In doing so, they also displayed a distinct lack of professional courtesy to members of the other side. Their calling of each other charltans, frauds, and the like demonstrates both the antagonism, and lack of common ground that the major approaches in handwriting analysis have to each other.
Some individuals believe that one can tell the future from handwriting analysis. Others believe that a handwriting analyst can provide spiritual guidance on situations that they face. Reasons why these beliefs are claimed to be false range from the complete lack of either scientific or anecdotal evidence, to the application of Aristolean logic to any of the numerous (and mutually incompatible) theories of handwriting analysis.
The code of ethics for the International Graphoanalysis Society, British Association of Graphology, and Association Déontologique Européenne de Graphologie prohibits the practice of anything related to the occult.
↑ Pulver, Max Symbolik der Handschrift 1931; Zurich, Orell Füssli: 1945 (4th Edition)
↑ Roman, Klara G Handwriting: The Key to Personality
↑ Cole, Charlie (1961-1968) Handwriting Analysis Workshop Unlimited: Professional Quantitative Graphology HAWU: Campbell, CA
↑ Handwriting Consultants of San Diego (1983) Personal Worth: Intermedite Course in Handwriting AnalysisSan Diego, CA
↑ King, Leslie W. (1978) Graphology Handbook for Tyros or Pros Salt Lake City, UT: Books of Merit (Revised Edition)
↑ Wittlich, Bernard Angewandte Graphologie Berlin: 1948
↑ Wittlich, Bernard Graphologische Charakterdiagramme Munich: 1956
↑ Wittlich, Bernard Graphologische Praxis Berlin: 1961
↑ Wittlich, Bernard Krisenhafte Pubertät im SchriftbildMunich: 1964
↑ Müller, Wilhelm H & Enskat, Alice Mensch und Handschrift. Lehrbuch der Graphologischen Deutungstechnik zum Selbstunterricht Berlin: Munz: 1941
↑ Müller, Wilhelm H & Enskat, Alice Theorie und Praxis der Graphologie Band I: Allgemeine Graphologie Rudolstadt: Greifenverlag: 1945
↑ Müller, Wilhelm H & Enskat, Alice Angst in der handschrift Berlin: Woldemar Hoffman: 1951
↑ Müller, Wilhelm H & Enskat, Alice Graphologische Diagnostik. Ihre Grundlagen, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen Bern: Verlag Hand Huber: 1961
↑ Moretti, Girolamo Trattato Scientifico di Perizie Grafiche su base Grafologica Verona: L'Alberto: 1942
↑ Moretti, Girolamo Heiligen, Beoordeeld Naar Hum Handschrift Haarlem-Heemstede: uitgeverij De Toorts: 1959. 190 pages
↑ Moretti, Girolamo Die Heiligen und Ihre Handschrift Heidelburg: 1960. 255 pages
↑ Moretti, Girolamo Il Corpo Umano Dalla Scirttura. Grafologia Somatica Ancona: Studio Grafologico: 1960. third edition
↑ Xandró, Mauricio Psicologia y Grafologia Havana: Ed de Conf y Ensayos: 1949 Barcellona: Miracle: 1949
↑ Xandró, Mauricio Abecedario Grafológico Onate: Aránzazu: 1954
↑ Xandró, Mauricio Grafología Tratado de Iniciación Barcellona: Studium: 1955
↑ IGAS department of Instruction (1964) The Encyclopedic Dictionary for Graphoanalysis Chicago, IL: International Graphoanalysis Society(First Edition)
↑ Fluckwinger A, Tripp,Clarence A & Weinberg, george H (1961). A Review of Experimental Research in Graphology: 1933 - 1960. Perceptual And Motor Skills ?? (12): 67–90.
↑ Lockowandte, Oskar Present status of the investigation of handwriting psychology as a diagnostic method. Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 1976, 6, 4-5.
↑ Nevo, B Scientific Aspects Of Graphology: A Handbook Springfield, IL: Thomas: 1986
↑ Crumbaugh, James C & Stockholm, Emilie (April 1977). Validation of Graphoanalysis by "Global" or "Holistic" Method. Perceptual And Motor Skills 44 (2): 403–410.
↑ Ben-Shakar, G., Bar-Hillel, M., Blum, Y., Ben-Abba, E., & Flug, A. (1986). missingtitle. Journal of Applied Psychology 71: 645–653.
↑ Tallent, N (1958). On Individualizing the Psychologists's Clinical Evaluation. Journal of Clinical Psychology 14: 243–244.
↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1120118&dopt=Abstract
↑ Dean, Geofrrey A The Bottom Line: Effect Size in Beyerstein & Beyerstein (1992)
↑ Barrow, N K & Scott, R H Validation of a Personnel Selection System to meet EEOC Guidelines. Journal Of Handwriting Psychology 1984, 1 (1), 15-17
↑ Binet, Alfred L La sexe de l'ècriture. La revueOctober 1903: 17-34
↑ Binet, Alfred L L'âge et l'écriture La Revue des Revues 1904, 484(4), 182-195; 326-341
↑ Binet, Alfred L. La Graphologie et Ses Révélations sur le sexe, l'âge et l'intelligence. L'Année Psychologique 1904: 10, 179-210
↑ Blumenthal, E Schulschriften der Verschiedenen Länder. Beihefte zur Schweizerischen Zeitschrift für Psychologie undihre Anwendungen.1959, 31, 1 - 116
↑ Disparate Impact | http://www.eeoc.gov/foia/letters/2001/titlevii_disparate_handwriting.html
↑ | BPI
↑ Lighton, R E (1934). "A Graphological Examination of the Handwriting of Air Pilots". University of Pretoria.
↑ Luca, E S. (1973). Major Aptitudes and Personality Chracteristics of 42 Dental Students as Evaluated Through their Handwriting. New York Journal of Dentistry 43: 281–283.
↑ Daryl Koehn. Handwriting Analysis In Pre-Employment Screening. The Online Journal of Ethics 1 (1).
↑ Julie Spohn (Fall 1997). The Legal Implications of Graphology. Washington University Law Quarterly 73 (3).
↑ Chimera, Mary Ann The Conflict Traits and TA Script Issues: Sensitiveness Impact Magazine July 1980, 39, 1 - 3
↑ |Profiles and Limits of Medical Graphology
↑ Kopp, W., G. Paulson, J. Allen,D. Smeltzer, F. Brown & W. Kose Parkinson's Disease: L-dopa Treatment and Handwriting Areas; Current Therapeutic Research Vol 12, 3, 115-124, 1970.
↑ Kanfer, A. & Casten, D. F. Observations on disturbances in neuromuscular coordination in patients with malignant disease. Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases 1958, 19, 1-19 $#Journal Health Sciences 616.7206 N485b
↑ Hartford, Huntington You Are What You Write New York: McMillan: 1973
↑ |Kimon Iannetta
↑ de Sainte Colombe, Paul Grapho Therapeutics: Pen and Pencil Therapy Hollywood, CA: Laurida Books: 1966 Hollywood, CA: Paul de Ste Colombe Center: 1972. Revised edition
Graphoanalysis
Psychogram
Ludwig Klages
Léopold Szondi
Organizations of handwriting analysts
International Graphoanalysis Society
The British Academy of Graphology
Societe de Graphologie Paris
Berufsverband gepruefter Graphologen Munich
Related fields
Questioned document examination
Graphonomics
Handwriting-L – a handwriting analysts group
How Graphology Fools People by Barry L. Beyerstein, Ph.D. (a paper on Quackwatch)
Skeptic's Dictionary entry on graphology
BBC article about graphology
The British Institute of Graphology
Graphology.ws – a graphology information centre
HANDWRITING ANALYSIS SERVICES
http://www.analyzethis.info/


Our feature families are made up of inspiring people who love their community, their families, and their dentist:) We can't say enough about the Curry Family, their precious puppies Gus and Millie, and their passion for a life happily and well lived. Read below to find out the best happy hour in Columbus, what its like to live in the beautiful Worthington Hills Community, and what you might want to try for a midnight snack!
How long have you lived in Worthington?
We've lived in Worthington for almost 4 years. We moved to W orthington Hills in May 2016.
What do you each do for a living?
We are in love with your pups, tell us about your adorable furbabies!
Gus is a miniature dachshund and just turned 7. Millie is a chiweenie and she turned 1 in March. They really are the best dogs! Gus is a true lap dog and would be perfectly content to snuggle all day long. Millie still has some puppy in her so she can be a little wild and loves to pick on Gus!
What is your go to date night?
Dinner and drinks. We love going to happy hour at Cantina Laredo! They have the best margaritas! Our other go-to's are The Whitney House, Basi, and Guild House.
Chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream!
What type of music is playing inside the Curry residence on any given day?
Good question! Matt loves music so there is always music on at our house. We love all types so it could be anything from Bruce Springsteen to The National to Sturgill Simpson.
Why did you decide to move into Worthington Hills?
I grew up in The Bluffs (right behind Bluffsview Elementary) so I had friends that lived in Worthington Hills and spent a lot of time here. As we've gotten older, our friends have moved back here with their families. It's such a great community! I knew when Matt and I moved back from Cleveland 4 years ago that Worthington Hills was where we needed to live!
What's your favorite Columbus small business?
Simply Vague. I love all of the Ohio made stuff there, from the t-shirts to the home decor. It's all really great!
What's the best part about living in your neighborhood, Worthington Hills?
The people! We've made some great friends in the neighborhood and at the club. Everybody is so friendly and thoroughly enjoys living in this neighborhood. We moved here from Old Worthington and the sense of community here is so much stronger. We love that!
If you could grab a glass of wine with anyone in the world, past or present, who would it be and why?
My dad. Although, he never drank wine so I'll get him a Grey Goose on the rocks. 🙂 He passed away almost 2 years ago and I would love to see him and talk to him one more time.
For anyone who may be thinking of becoming patients at Magnolia Dental at Worthington Hills, what would you share about your experience with the practice?
We love Magnolia Dental! We've both been going there for the last 4 years and can't say enough good things. Everybody is so nice and makes you feel very comfortable. I must say that I've always kind of dreaded going to the dentist but not anymore, thanks to the staff there!


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We also take care to protect the environment: Sphinx uses electricity obtained in an ecologically friendly way and uses district heating for its heat.
With all our success we still retain a sense of humility and keep on developing our skills – for to remain excellent you have to keep on improving.


As expected, CBS has pulled the plug on their long-running drama, Numb3rs. A mainstay of the Friday night schedule, brothers Charlie and Don Eppes won't be back next fall with a seventh season.
Numb3rs revolves around an FBI agent (Rob Morrow) and his genius brother (David Krumholtz) who helps solve cases with mathematics. The cast also features Judd Hirsch (as their father), Alimi Ballard, Dylan Bruno, Navi Rawat, Aya Sumika, and Peter MacNicol.
The cancellation doesn't come as much of a surprise, especially when you look at the figures.
The ratings have dropped quite a bit in recent years. Last season fell to an average of a 2.2 rating in the all-important 18-49 demographic and 10.2 million total viewers. This season, the ratings dropped further still, to a 1.8 rating and 8.26 million viewers. CBS cut the show's episode order from 22 to 16 installments last fall. While the official word was that CBS had an overflow of original programming, networks don't usually cut the orders of successful shows.
Should Numb3rs have been cancelled?
The cast and crew filmed what could serve as a series finale and Morrow and Krumholtz signed on for new TV show pilots. While the actors would be contractually obligated to return to Numb3rs if CBS decided to renew it, ABC and FOX were confident that they wouldn't.
Last week, it was confirmed that the show's sets were being dismantled, another sign that Numb3rs was finished. CBS has now made the cancellation official.
On the positive side, Morrow will return next fall in a new series for ABC called The Whole Truth. He'll play an attorney opposite Joely Richardson. Unfortunately, Krumholtz's comedy pilot, Tax Man, was not picked up by FOX for the 2010-11 season.
What do you think? Are you satisfied with the way that Numb3rs ended? What will you miss about the show? Will you give The Whole Truth a try?
More about: Numb3rs, Numb3rs: canceled or renewed?
I love watching numb3rs it is so exciting and very interesting and don't why they cancelled such a great show, this series shows that we can use maths to do anything and we also get a better learning of mathematics an the important of what you can do with mathematics to solve problems.. i am looking out for season seven to be release or they continued from where they left off in season six, they really need to stop cancel the good series………. BRING BACK NUMB3RS!!!!!!!
I just got to see numb3rs i thought it was a great show it actually helped my son want to do math because he loved the idea that it could help with solving stuff he knows its a tv show. i think they need to bring it back obviously keep the original actors cause it wouldnt be the same but have it where charlie and amita come back and that don and that lady are planning there wedding.
I have been re-watching the series I love this show , I have too force myself too go too bed because I want too stay up and watch more and see what happens next. But now I'm close too the last show and it makes me mad that another GREAT series is gone too make room for stupid shows that I will never watch.
Numb3rs was a well-written, well-acted show. I liked not only the premise, but the fact they depicted a real family, diverse and flawed. I liked the way they often presented two sides of a topic without taking sides (Season 6 – Henry Winkler as the Viet Nam Vet, and Judd Hirsch as the War protestor.) Of course it was cancelled. It was thoughtful, often insightful, an overall great program. The good die young!
I am getting tired of good shows getting cancelled for stupid reality crap, I am not sure how you get your rating for viewers but you should look into the older and retired adults because I will guarantee you that not very many watch the reality stuff.
OK, I spoke too soon. Lou Diamond Phillips was in the last episode. Mi malo….
I just finished watching (binge) every episode. I thought it was a great show and enjoyed the writing and the cast choices. They kept bringing back characters like Henry Winkler which I thought was a nice touch. The same with Lou Diamond Phillips who was missing in the last episode.
I wish they kept the show. Looking back, I am sure they wish they did keep it. The success of NCIS and all of the spin offs would have made NUMB3RS a great addition to the CBS lineup.
The show was very, very good, The writing for the family and how law enforcement was portrayed. Great character writing.
How did I miss this show??? I just found it on HI and it's great!
It's a really good show. Of course, they cancelled.
A good show with good cast. Of course, they cancelled it. Will really miss it.


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FIFA Football Game
January 18, 2023 April 6, 2021 by cmrewardlink
About FIFA Football Game
Who Developed the Game
How is the Gameplay
How to create a team in Fifa Football
Types of Game Play and Soundtrack
Types of Requirements for the Game
This game is the best for football fans. As the name suggests, Fifa football is a football game. This game is stunning, and you will get it quickly on any platform for free. The game was co-created by EA Mobile and EA Canada. Both companies are famous for making sports games. Even before this, both the companies have made a lot of great games together. It took two years to make this game and was made with two years of hard work. EA Sports released the game. EA Sports, EA Mobile, and EA Canada are the same.
The game was announced on 16, August 2016 and it was released on 11 October 2016. Shortly after the release, this game became very famous because Football is liked by so many people worldwide. Since its release, the game has had more than 100 million downloads so far.
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EA Sports had already received a lot of recognition, but after making FIFA football, it became a franchise to make the best sports games in the whole world. EA Sports has released massive games such as Fifa, NHL, NBA Live, and Madden NFL.
After making this game and after this game's success, the company came out with more football games such as Fifa Mobile 17, Fifa Mobile 18, Fifa Mobile 19, Fifa Mobile 20, and recently released all the big games to date. The size of all these games is enormous; all these games are not for mobile users. Only PC users can play this game.
Another thing about EA Sports that makes it different from other franchises is that it did not collaborate with any other franchise. All the games that he has made so far have been made by themselves. All the money to make any game is their own. This shows that the business model of this franchise is enormous.
Fifa football is a football-based mobile game loved by all over the world. This game is made on the actual events of Football. Fifa world cup is such a big event that more than half of the world's people will know about it. Everyone knows about this competition, but more than half do not know what the complete form of Fifa is.
Today, we will remove your doubt. Fifa is a very famous event that goes back to the very early history of Football, and its full name is Federation International de Football Association (FIFA). Fifa world cups are played in the middle of the prominent senior's team; a lot is also seen for selecting this team's players. Most groups allow players who already have a lot of football experience, which means that it is a bit difficult for any new football player to play this event.
To play this event, that player must have excellent skills because only then will a team give that player a place inside themselves. It costs a lot to organize this event. The FIFA World Cup is a successful event played every four years.
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If we talk about it, then its gameplay is no less than any real football game. Football matches are played in this game, as are real football matches. Within this game, you can also create your team and your character. There are many events inside this game in which a player can play. After completing your character, you can feed the Football according to the skills of that player.
To increase the player's skills, you have to play this game from scratch. To move ahead of the ball, you have to keep swiping in the same direction on the screen where you know about that ball. And to shoot, one has to lift once. Gameplay is straightforward. Any human being can play this game without any technical knowledge.
A new mode has been added to this game which is "VS attack mode." You will also see Biggest Star Players, and along with it, you will also see big teams. Most people prefer to play any game with their friends more than playing alone. Not every football game has this mode; you can also play with your friends inside Fifa football. This game has a different method. There is also a chance to win a lot of rewards. The better you play, the more you get a chance to win prizes.
Developers have done a lot to create FIFA football graphics. While playing this game, there is no feeling that you are playing a mobile game, but it seems that an actual football match is going on in front of your eyes. The effects of the game are precisely similar to real Football.
When the player shoots in this game, the effects ultimately fall on that player, and different lights appear around the player when the goal is scored. This will be a tiny thing. The most important thing about this game is that it has also included legendary football players like Ronaldo, Messi, Neymar, and many other players. You can also do hook shoots of those players.
Every game uses a simple audience, but the audience has also been kept in mind in this game. The audience also looks natural. Now speaking of the soundtrack, it is also perfect. Real commentators have been used to commentary. And the sound from cheering audiences to hitting a player's goal is very similar to real Football.
Talking about games like Fifa 21, you will need a good laptop to play that game, but for Fifa Football, you do not need much, only a mobile phone with a touch screen and its RAM is up to 4 GB. As the game's size is not very big, this game will run without any problem in 4GB storage. No game can be availed by reading any article, so if you are also a Football fan and want to take advantage of Football by playing Fifa football, then download and play this game on any platform and enjoy it.
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Peach State Surges Past New Business Formation Milestone
Georgia surged to a new record for business formation in 2019 with more than 165,000 new businesses formed, according to Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger. This marks the first time new business formation surpassed 150,000 in a calendar year, a significant milestone for Georgia businesses.
"Georgia's record breaking new business formation highlights how the state has become an economic powerhouse under a pro-business, free-market oriented administration," Raffensperger said. "As Secretary of State, I am committed to making Georgia a better place for business and to ensuring small businesses can thrive."
"Georgia's record business formation is a testament to the dynamism and growth of Georgia's business community and the pro-business policies the Georgia Chamber of Commerce and Secretary Raffensperger are pursuing," said Georgia Chamber of Commerce President and CEO Chris Clark.
Raffensperger joined with the Georgia Chamber of Commerce and its President and CEO Chris Clark, to make the announcement in a press conference at the Georgia Chamber's annual Eggs and Issues breakfast.
In 2019, more than 165,000 new businesses formed in Georgia, the highest number on record. This represented a 20,000 business surge from more 145,000 new businesses in 2018, a 14 percent increase. Most of that increase, totaling more than 19,000 new businesses, came from new Georgia-based businesses.
In a vote of confidence for Georgia's appeal as a business friendly climate, the number of entities from out of state or country that set up shop in Georgia in 2019 jumped more than 9 percent. Between 2018 and 2019, more than 900 foreign entities registered in the state of Georgia, bringing business, investment and jobs to the Peach State.
The Secretary of State's office works hard every day to ensure Georgia's small businesses and entrepreneurs can operate quickly and efficiently. Raffensperger has committed to bringing down the cost of business in Georgia and through the Secretary's Corporations division is working to do just that. The Corporations Division on average processes 1,100 business filings per day. Their hard work has made it easier for business in Georgia to grow uninhibited by red tape.
This new record demonstrates why Georgia is a top state for business in the U.S. In 2019, Area Development named Georgia the top state for business for the sixth year. In its assessment, Area Development specifically cited the speed of permitting in the state as a reason for Georgia's business friendly atmosphere. Secretary Raffensperger is proud to oversee an agency that gets out of the way of business so it can grow.
In 2019, Georgia was ranked the top business climate in the country by Site Selection magazine for the seventh year in a row.


Previously heard paying tribute to his favorite late night host on March's Jimmy Fallon, up-and-coming rhymesayer Fonz-E Mak is back on our pages with #Octoberly, the inaugural entry and title track in his newly-launched digital series. Over a classic Madlib beat's jazz flute and understated percussion, the Chi-Town native paints a laid-back lyrical self-portrait, dipping into his autobiography ("I was born in '92, started spittin' in '04 / got real in '08, now I'm thinkin' my flow great.") and highlighting a few musical milestones ("I haven't been the same since I first heard Cash Rules / Everything Around Me."). Interest piqued? Then keep your browsers locked to the Booth for further #Octoberly highlights in the coming weeks.