This summer we have had several wonderful backyard cookouts. I wrote a story about "getting by" called Make Do, and shared how we have learned to be content and enjoy these cookouts without a modern grill. It wasn't easy to cook on the campfire and hot rocks, but we learned how to do it and do it well. Cooking on the campfire got easier later on once we got a grate to place over our campfire too cook on. But even without a grate, we were able to cook delicious and nutritious foods "On The Rocks".
The campfire was built up and allowed to burn hot with fallen branches we collected from the yard. While the fire was being stoked, we placed rocks and bricks on the edge of the fire. I went to the garden to pick vegetables and prep the food, and some of the kids joined me for this, and some stayed with dad to tend the fire. The the fire was allowed to burn up most of the wood, and burn down to a low fire. We allowed most of the wood to burn out and turn into hot coals, or charcoal.
Then we placed the food on the hot rocks, hot bricks, and coals to cook. Stay close by with a shovel, incase you have a flare up of the fire and need to knock it down, and so you can turn the food often.
We turned the foil packets over with the shovel about every five minutes or so to be sure they cooked evenly until they were done.
The smoke from the charred wood permeated the food and resulted in a delicious, labor of love, meal. Below I have posted some of the individual recipes to make a delicious meal on your campfire.
Thinly slice fresh potatoes, onions, and fresh zucchini.
Then season with 1 tbsp. olive oil, sea salt, pepper, garlic powder, and cayenne.
Wrap in foil and fold over seams to make packets. We used two layers to be sure the food was protected from loosing steam/moisture while cooking. Then place packets on hot rocks and hot bricks to cook over the coals of the wood fire. Check packets after 15 minutes or so for doneness. The thinner you slice the vegetables the faster they will cook, so watch carefully that it doesn't burn.
We also prepared fresh corn on the cob in their husks and wrapped in foil packets to roast over the fire. Then carefully open the husks and remove the silks. Soak the corn in the husk in cold water.
Remove from the water and drain excess water on a towel. Rub the corn with butter, and season with sea salt and pepper if desired, or season after it cooks, just before serving.
Carefully place the husk back over the corn on the cob on large squares of foil.
Wrap the husk covered corn on the cob in foil and fold the ends back over the cob like wrapping a burito, so it is tightly shut to make an enclosed packet that doesn't loose moisture. Again we used two layers to be sure the packets were sealed shut.
Then place foil corn cob packets on the hot rocks next to the campfire. Allow to cook, turning often for about 7 to 10 minutes. Make sure it doesn't over cook or burn. Unwrap and serve. If you did not season the corn prior to cooking, then season now. Nothing tastes better than sea salt and ground pepper on the sweet smoky corn. It is a flavor explosion to the taste buds.
While the packets of food cooked, the kids cooked hot dogs on homemade spears they made with dad.
He helped them use the pocket knife to whittle and carve spears to hold the hot dogs over the fire for roasting. They enjoyed selecting maple tree limbs and using the pocket knife to whittle their spears. They really enjoyed cooking their own hot dogs too.
At the end of the evening, we let them roast some marshmallows too. YUM!
Sometimes the marshmallows got a little over cooked! LOL!
But it was a fun evening with family and food.
Cooking on a campfire in the backyard can be a great family adventure. The kids can be involved by helping their parents prep the food and cooking the food with supervision. It is a great hands on way for them to learn life skills and enjoy spending time together as a family too.
Be sure to read about the Smokey Garden Fresh Burgers and delicious garden veggies we made on the campfire too. The Smokey Garden Fresh Burger has to be the best sandwich I have ever eaten, hands down! Be sure to check out the recipe!
This entry was posted in Backyard Family Fun, Family Fun, Grilling, Nutrition-Food-Recipes on November 26, 2013 by .
We have been doing some outdoor cooking on an open wood fire in the backyard. It is the best tasting grilled food I have ever eaten! There is something special about the natural fire burning the hardwood limbs of apple, maple, and mulberry trees. It flavors the food with a delicious sweet smoky flavor. Be sure to read more about how we set up our outdoor campfire grill to cook meals for our family.
Pictured above here is my complete dinner which included garden fresh red potatoes and green beans, acorn squash, and a delicious smokey sirloin burger with a few veggies inside. All of the ingredients in this dinner (except the bun, and the ground sirloin), were picked fresh from our family garden just a few minutes before grilling them. A few of the green beans were just starting to mature, and so they are quite small, tender, and delicious.
Yeah, I know what you must be thinking, those ain't normal radishes! Well, they are, they were just some that were left in the ground longer than the earlier ones we harvested. They really packed a spicy punch! And were so crunchy and delicious on this burger.
Spray foil with oil spray. Add veggies of choice. I added sliced red potatoes, young green beans, diced jalapeno, cilantro, sea salt, and pepper. Optional: you can add a tsp of butter or olive oil if desired. I ment to ad diced shallots to this packet, but forgot. I did ad it to a different packet though. Lay another piece of foil over the veggies. Fold the two foil pieces into a packet by folding the edges to make a seal. Be sure there are no gaps in the edges, as the veggies will steam in their own juices and you don't want any steam to escape. We laid these packets onto campfire and let them cook for 20 to 30 minutes or so. The result was a delicious tender cooked and deliciously flavored vegetables.
For the squash I used acorn squash and sliced it about 1/4 inch thick. Drizzled with olive oil and sprinkle with sea salt and pepper. Place onto grate on the campfire and cook 15 minutes or more turning as needed until both sides are lightly golden and cooked through. You can set the squash to the coolest part of the campfire if they start to over brown. We placed ours on top the foil packets to cook slowly in the beginning, and then directly over the fire later on. It all depends on how hot your fire is for where is best spot over the fire to cook them.
In a bowl I mixed together diced shallots, chopped cilantro, and diced jalapeno pepper, garlic powder, sea salt, and pepper. Then made the mixture into patties by gently pressing the mixture in the palm of my hand with my fingers until I had a flat and round patty.
I made some patties that were plain too for our kids, and put some uncured all beef hot dogs on the grill too. The kids are not very accepting of green things hanging out of their burgers.
We placed all these wonderful patty's and other dinner items on the open campfire.
Then we placed it all on the campfire. Here you can see the burgers and foil packets of potatoes and beans over the fire, and the squash is on top of the foil packets slowing down the cooking of them so they didn't over cook. Then we also cooked them over the direct fire for a time too till they were lightly golden and cooked through.
Their loss is MY GAIN! The kids don't know what they are missing!
The burger was moist and so flavorful! It was not spicy at all. All of the flavors and sweet smokey aroma complimented the burger perfectly!
Though this meal was cooked outside, over an open wood fire, it was restaurant quality. There is no doubt about it! This was one of the most delicious dinners I have ever enjoyed.
This entry was posted in Backyard Family Fun, Family Fun, Grilling, Local Food, Nutrition-Food-Recipes on August 10, 2013 by Melinda Weiser.


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According to David Hughes' "The Greatest Sci-Fi Movies Never Made," James Cameron spent ten years after "Titanic" pondering what to make next before ultimately deciding on "Avatar." During that period of indecision, Cameron came this-close to directing "Terminator 3," "Spider-Man" and "True Lies 2." "Alita: Battle Angel," had also been floating around the rumor mill as a Cameron pet project to be made post-"Avatar." Now, with Cameron serving as co-screenwriter and executive producer to director Robert Rodriguez, the end result is imperfect but still a potent blast of sci-fi razzle dazzle.
Rosa Salazar stars in the title role, a robot fused together from dissimilar parts by a compassionate doctor (played by Christophe Waltz). As Alita slowly recalls her past life, she realizes her value as a warrior and embraces the human qualities within her heart…which she occasionally pulls out of her chest to make a point.
"Alita: Battle Angel" isn't existentialist sci-fi, like either "Blade Runner" or "A.I. Artificial Intelligence." When the question of whether Alita is in love comes up, the characters (and the movie itself) take it at face value. There is nothing philosophical or intellectual about how the film portrays the ethics of its robotic and/or cyborg characters. In fact, there's something refreshingly straightforward about how Rodriguez has fashioned a trashy, cyberpunk action/sci-fi popcorn movie. Take it or leave it.
Cameron's 2000-2002 TV series, "Dark Angel," which starred Jessica Alba in her breakthrough role, now appears to have been a dry run for this far more elaborate take on similar material. Cameron's best collaboration as writer/producer on material directed by someone else is still "Strange Days," the amazing, confrontational 1995 thriller helmed by his ex-wife, Katherine Bigelow. Rodriguez doesn't finesse the pulpy qualities of the material; in fact, despite the colossal price tag, this shares the lovingly fused together, homegrown quality of his "Spy Kids" movies (note how, despite the fantastic settings, "Alita: Battle Angel" was filmed in Rodriguez's Austin, Texas hometown).
There is a lack of depth to the human characters and a connect-the-dot quality to the screenplay (Gee, if they establish "murder ball" in act one, surely there will be a tournament in act three, right? Yep). Waltz is miscast and appears to be emotionally disconnected from his character. While Connelly and Ali are strikingly attired, exactly what their characters are doing and how they fit in with the evil plans of the off screen "Nova" aren't entirely clear.
Thankfully, the fight scenes are exciting, Alita is an endearing character and, most crucial to the film's success, Salazar is completely charming in the role. Initially, the character is so earnest, the sentiment seems overwhelmingly gooey. As the story progresses, Alita takes on a welcome edge. However, like adorable movie characters ranging from E.T., Dobby and Johnny Five, Alita has really wide eyes that offer Bambi-like expressions.
The visual effects are so ambitious, I didn't mind that not every moment convinces. If anything, the close-ups of Alita are so remarkable and life-like, I always believed in the character.
A big set piece in the third act, which plays like a cross between Rollerball" and the "A.I." Flesh Fair, is crafted with the blend of thrills and chaos that defines Rodriguez's best work. Rodriguez has come a long way from his early films- the combined budgets of his wonderful Mariachi trilogy still wouldn't come close to the reported $200 million cost of this one. Yet, there is a gruff, wily quality to "Alita" that doesn't betray his indie routes. Rodriguez hasn't made an impersonal or safe Hollywood product. In fact, this is so violent, the PG-13 seems especially ill-suited for all the carnage and unsettling imagery.
With its open-ended final scene, both rousing and a tease for more to come, this concludes with a welcome (though admittedly iffy) invitation for a series of subsequent episodes. If a cult following ensues and Salazar returns as Alita, I'd welcome more of this wonderful character.
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Let me guess, you have been playing Aussies crossword and got stuck on the clue Historical period. Well, you have come to the right place to find the answer to this clue.
Now you have the answer to your clue. Its time to move on to the next clue. You can browse through the list with all the answers to the Aussies crossword of March 28th, 2019. Or you can use the search form below to find the answer (no matter if its Aussies Crossword or any other crossword).
"""Welcome to my humble ___"""
Hostile attempts to acquire competing products?


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Home News Goro Miyazaki on what makes a Studio Ghibli Film: 'I WISH SOMEBODY...
Goro Miyazaki on what makes a Studio Ghibli Film: 'I WISH SOMEBODY COULD GIVE ME AN ANSWER'
EarwigEarwig and the Witch doesn't look like a Studio Ghibli film.
It's the famed studio's first foray into CG animation, and it's a big departure from lush, hand-drawn films like Spirited Away and My Neighbor Totoro. It's also Ghibli's first animated film since 2014's When Marnie Was There.
That's a big task to take on, and leading the charge is director Goro Miyazaki, son of studio co-founder Hayao Miyazaki. After reluctantly following his father into animation — Goro originally spent years working as a landscape designer — this is his third film, following Tales from Earthsea, a controversial adaptation of Ursula K. Le Guin's classic novels, and the charming period piece From Up on Poppy Hill.
Earwig is based on the novel of the same name by Diana Wynne Jones, and it follows a precocious young girl who has been adopted by a witch who quickly puts her to work. It may not have the visual style of a classic Ghibli film, but it touches on many of the elements of whimsy and fantasy that have made the studio's works so beloved. "IT'S VERY CHALLENGING, IS ALL I CAN SAY."
Miyazaki says that production of the film wrapped up last year, just before the Japanese government called for a state of emergency, so it wasn't impacted much. "We were very fortunate in that way with this film," he tells The Verge. That said, he's no stranger to troubled productions: during the creation of Poppy Hill, Japan was struck by a massive earthquake, and the team had to work around rolling blackouts. "There was still hope and positivity," he says of that time. "But now with the current situation, there's so much uncertainty. It's very challenging, is all I can say."
The new film debuted on television in Japan in December, and it'll be out on HBO Max in the US on February 5th. (It'll also be playing in select theaters starting February 3rd.) Ahead of Earwig and the Witch's English debut, I had the chance to talk to Miyazaki about his career so far, the shift to CG, and the existential question of what a Studio Ghibli film actually is.
All three of your films are very different in terms of story and style. How do you decide what projects to work on?
It mostly comes out of my conversations with our producer, Toshio Suzuki, rather than the decision being solely mine. Through the conversations I have with him, he will maybe suggest something: "Do you want to do an adaptation of this story or that story?" And then if I feel like it's something that I can do, then it becomes a project that I take on.
What was it about Earwig and the Witch in particular that spoke to you?
One of the things that I loved about the story was the protagonist Earwig not being your typical well-behaved girl. When it's necessary, she can be manipulative of people around her, and when somebody treats her bad, she thinks of how she can get back at them. It's not your typical heroine from a lot of Japanese animation where they're very honest, pure, and beautiful. Earwig is very different from that. When she faces a difficult situation, she is not someone who would just persevere and wait until somebody saves her. She's the one that actually acts and tries to change the situation herself. So that I found was very interesting for me.
How did the visual style come about?
In terms of the visuals, this being the first 3D CG anime from Studio Ghibli… Studio Ghibli has always done hand-drawn-style animation, so we knew that we weren't able to recreate that through 3D CG, so it was a matter of which direction we wanted to go with. Whether it's going to be a very photorealistic visual, or trying to find a different path. That was when I referenced stop-motion animation, using a lot of puppets. I felt that was quite fitting for what we were trying to do with this project. I referenced that a lot in creating the visuals.
I read that because so few people at Ghibli understood 3D animation, you were given pretty free rein on this project. Is that true?
It is true.
What does CG offer compared to hand-drawn animation in terms of what you can do and how you can express yourself?
One of the things I found was that with hand-drawn animation, you have to rely on the hands of a very talented animator to bring out a great performance from the character with facial expressions, emotions, and so forth. There's a limited number of very talented animators that can do so. That's one of the big challenges with hand-drawn animation. But with 3D CG, you're able to have different people working on different expressions of one character, which worked well for us.
One of the things that struck me about the movie was so much of it took place in a single location. Was this a conscious decision?
The original story is about the girl being confined in that house, and dealing with the witch she lives with. However, what we did was, because there are limited locations, we wanted to make sure that each set was high quality, that it was very rich in details. If you think about trying to recreate that with hand-drawn animation, the art department would go crazy because it would mean they would have to redraw all of that clutter and small details a million times. In that sense, the 3D CG approach really worked. "IT WAS LIKE ME HIDING IN THE GARAGE WITHOUT PEOPLE NOTICING WHAT I WAS DOING."
Since this is Ghibli's first CG film, and also the first new film from the studio in years, did you feel any extra pressure compared to your previous projects?
Not really, not much pressure. Because by the time I started working on this film, Earwig and the Witch, Hayao Miyazaki had already started working on his new film [How Do You Live?]. So I was able to kind of hide behind that and not feel much pressure from the outside. It was like me hiding in the garage without people noticing what I was doing.
When you take out the hand-drawn aspect, what do you think are the elements that make a film a Ghibli film?
That question is kind of a puzzle. What makes a film a Ghibli film? People who have seen Earwig and the Witch will tell me "It's actually more Ghibli than I expected." And I wonder why they say that. I wish somebody could give me an answer.
So is it like a feeling? You know it when you see it?
Probably so. Someone told me that maybe it's just something in the blood.
Now that you've directed three films, how do you think you've grown or changed as a director?
With each project, I feel like I'm doing something for the first time, so it's hard to tell whether I'm growing or not. After working on this film, I feel that I like things that are lighter, with humor, and not too serious. And with humor, I really like the dry humor that you can see in Diana Wynne Jones' story
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Covering Tracks: Lord RAJA
Covering Tracks is a regular series in which we ask our favorite producers and DJs to recommend ten new (and not so new) releases. This week's selections were curated by a New York native who calls himself Lord RAJA. His debut album drops December 2 on Ghostly International.
Ramona Lisa – "Hissing Pipes at Dawn" [Terrible Records]
Maddening. Modern standalone, realized composition—observed terrestrially as a whisper from an origin that exists outside of linguistic and temporal contexts. I had the honor of seeing her perform this with original choreography. Hieroglyphic enchantment.
Tallesen – "Strike Silver, Love Green" [Software]
When Tallesen and I met at a really boring school, we immediately assumed a role as siblings, as we shared a mutual appetite for universal investigations through tangled mediums. I was making music on a custom made PC tower, and Cayman (Tallesen) expressed to me that he was interested in messing with sound. I already knew how gifted he was as a visual artist, so I figured his approach to sound would be just as natural and intuitive. I gave him my PC, and he took the sound libraries and programs to a whole new level. He is an all-around other worldly, inspiring artist. His upcoming LP on Software is great.
Kindness – "This Is Not About Us" [Female Energy]
This guy is just incredible. I discovered his music sophomore year of university, and now I'm looking forward to this LP. He inspires me, big time. Very kind and funky in person as well.
Heathered Pearls – "Raising Our Ashes" [Ghostly]
This track is too sick. It's always a treat to see Heathered Pearls, whether he is performing or walking his dog. It's an honor to work for him. Sometimes he yells at me on the phone.
Hailu Mergia – "Ambasel (El Guincho Club Alizé Edit)" [Awesome Tapes from Africa]
I guess I was catching some z's. Quality as always.
Connan Mockasin – "I'm the Man, That Will Find You" [Phantasy Sound]
Real character.
Ariel Pink – "Put Your Number In My Phone" [4AD]
I love Ariel Pink. You really have to be a crazy genius to make some of the tracks he makes. I hope by the time I'm like, 30-something, I'm making shit like him. Whenever I'm real bored at a party, I hijack the system and put on "Round & Round" and I either dance or walk out.
Actress – "Gaze" [Werk Discs/Ninja Tune]
But of course.
Helado Negro – "Ojos Que No Ven" [Asthmatic Kitty]
This guy has had an exceptional output since the beginning—"Playas" is one of the greatest songs I've ever heard. His new record is just as phenomenal. When I finally met him, I was nerding out big time, and he gave me a bunch of cassettes.
Jeremiah Jae – "The Heat" [Warp]
Jeremiah Jae is in such a unique position as an artist. I enjoy his perspective, and I feel really connected to him. One day, we're gonna unleash the tracks we've done together. It's been a while since we've met up. I'm happy to say this his vocals will be featured on my debut LP.
Published on May 12, 2015 12:00 Berlin Time
Videodrome 142 – This month's best videos
Every month Moritz Gayard sorts through the deluge of new music videos so you don't have to.
After an epic silence of six weeks, your beloved music video update aka Videodrome is back with a fresh dose of audiovisual joy. I've carefully selected videos from emerging artists such as Mumdance, Emily Reo and Timg Green plus the usual fun by Mykki Blanco, Roll The Dice and Disclosure. Have fun below, Videodrome will be back in July. Ah, and there's no Pitbull inside.
#1 Emily Reo – "Rainbow Road", directed by Dustin Muenchow
Addicted. This is Los Angeles-based producer, singer-songwriter Emily Reo's first ever music video, presenting champagne bubbles and much more. But what makes this special is most definitely her voice. Also, Emily's Olive Juice LP is available now from Elestial Sound.
#2 Roll The Dice – "Assembly", directed by Frode & Marcus
What starts as a found footage short film ends in some eruptive volcano explosions. Again—Roll the Dice at their best. Missed their recent album? Have a pre-listen here or purchase here.
#3 Mumdance – "Take Time" feat. Novelist
This gets me hyped. Mumdance is about to release a new EP for Rinse FM, which is led by the single above featuring Novelist. So good.
#4 Kevin Verwijmeren – "Abstract Point Forgotten In The Rush", directed by Julien Lambrechts
Cool video for the opening track of Kevin Verwijmeren's debut album It's the Colour of a Cloud Covered Sky—out soon via Soft Corridor Records.
#5 Mykki Blanco – "She Gutta"
Following his marvelous Betty Rubble: The Initiation EP from 2013, here's "She Gutta", one of Mykki Blanco's first singles of 2014 taken from his upcoming Spring/Summer EP.
#6 Natasha Khan for YMC – "Under The Indigo Moon"
Wow, Natasha Khan of Bat For Lashes has created a short film for YMC, showcasing the SS14 collection which she's designed for the label. B is for beautiful.
#7 Tim Green – "Helpless Sun"
FACT has just premiered the video for the title track of the UK producer's new EP. Released on My Favorite Robot, it's a tune.
#8 Disclosure x Friend Within – "The Mechanism"
Grammy Award-winning electronic outfit Disclosure have just dropped their nicely animated video for "The Mechanism," a collaborative number with Friend Within.
#9 DAMH – "Hansi"
New, nice video by DAMH. DAMH? Yes, DAMH = the collaborative project between David Hasert and Ada. Their first 12-inch of is released on Kompakt with remixes of Matt Karmil and DJ Koze.
#10 Nils Frahm – "Re"
Hyperactive Nils Frahm just unveiled this nice little animated video inspired by his Screws album, alongside further worldwide tour dates. Interview needed? Click here.~
Daniel Jones recommends HTRK's <i>Psychic 9-5 Club</i>
On their third album (and their first as a duo), Australia's HTRK have emerged from the darkness that shrouded their previous work into a land of hope—albeit tinged with the groups trademarked sinister sleaze, says Daniel Jones.
Back in 2011, it was impossible to listen to HTRK's second LP Work (work, work) without getting a sense of just how hard a time the beginning of this decade was for the band. In the mid-2000s, the Australian trio had been picking up steam following the release of their debut album Marry Me Tonight. After so many years of suffering boring post-punk Joy Division variations, I felt like I'd finally found something fresh, a good balance of dubby aloofness and art-pop sensibility. It was even produced by The Birthday Party's Rowland S. Howard, for that extra touch of street cred. But after HTRK bassist Sean Stewart took his own life in 2010, there was a palpable sense of entropy hanging over the band—a feeling of loss that draped the subsequent Work (work, work) like a shroud. Its sluggishness and icy beats and synths struggled to exist beneath suffocating bass and Jonnine Standish's plaintive vocals, aurally akin to Sade having an orgasm while drowning. In the right mood, the album was narcotic, the stuff of equally beautiful and disquieting dreams. Pitchfork hated it.
Psychic 9-5 Club is the first album Standish and Nigel Yang have recorded entirely as a duo, and while the atmosphere is just as glacial, the feeling of pain is lightened, less raw. Gone also is that feeling of decayed substance, a sheen of emotional armor growing over it that speaks of healing, of learning to love the world around you once more. Love has been the lyrical theme that has remained the most constant throughout HTRK's eleven years of existence. In the past it was expressed through coerced and soured fucks, late-night phone sleaze and junkie arm-poetry. Psychic 9-5 Club on the other hand knocks back the nihilism somewhat and stitches up some of the blown-out holes, making room for hope in the once lost souls of HTRK's sonic worlds. The eight tracks here are filled with fresh air that provide each element with more room to breathe and the music to spread out across the mind leisurely, rather than in a long smear of psychological decompression. The framework behind the productions of Psychic 9-5 Club is still fairly skeletal, but there are so many layers of gauzy synths that the tracks always manage to feel vast, which fits the openness to new genres. Psychedelic organs chime between ethereal oscillations and dreamlike tropicalia makes me nostalgic for chillwaves gone by. The mostly instrumental "Feels Like Love" is downright playful at moments, even featuring honest-to-god laughter—not the malicious scorn of a dominatrix, but more the exhalation you might give upon waking in bed with a new lover, slowly awakening in a tangle of blankets.
Indeed, Standish's vocals are one of the highlights of the album. Where Work (work, work) had them barely peaking above the rest of the instrumentation, here they're allowed to shine. Standish has, paradoxically, one of the most expressive monotones I've ever heard, and is able to wring two vastly different emotions out of the slightest change in inflection. The whole time I was listening to the album the edges of my mind were flicking at my barely-used Pop Recognition switch, especially during "Blue Sunshine" and "Wet Dream". The latter's choir-of-one vocal refrain "I'm in love with myself" pretty much makes it the perfect modern goth song. There's also a whole lot of Sade up in there, as well as Dido, Nico, and Chris Isaak—all masters of the slow-burning torch song. While HTRK are quick to get the "industrial" tag, to my ears they've always been far closer to Marc Almond than Marc Heal.
Some of the descriptors I used for Work (work, work) sound like criticism, but it's the complete opposite. I love music that makes me feel as though I've been dropped into an abyssal k-hole, and that focuses heavily on intense moments of despair (if not outright celebrating it). But I've also learned that extended wallowing leaves me feeling extremely empty. Standish and Yang have managed to find a balance between the two that still evokes the bittersweet pleasure of exploring emotional wreckage, while strengthening the healing that comes after. The scars may still show, but the wounds always close eventually—provided one keeps from picking at them. ~
Psychic 9-5 Club is out today via Ghostly International.
Editors' Choice: December 13th, 2013
Rather than operate as a music news source, Electronic Beats operates as a music information source.
We want to share with you; we want you to know what we're hearing, what's reverberating our cochleas and sending broader vibrations throughout our bodies, and by extension our audio-addled souls. Down with that? Welcome to Editors' Choice.
Lisa Blanning (Online Editor)
Kanye East for Pussy Riot – "I Know That Pussy Riot Ain't Free"
A surprisingly bangin' track using the vocals of Kanye to highlight the fact that two members of Pussy Riot are still behind bars. Part of a larger effort by Female Pressure for the Pussy Riot Support Fund.
Louise Brailey (Deputy Online Editor)
Todd Terje – "Spiral"
And the prize for the most seasonably inappropriate record goes to… No really, it appears our man Todd Terje never really left the Strandbar last summer. Despite the unchecked nostalgia that this is aiming for, there's something slightly knowing about the Roland synths and the gated drum fills (about seven minutes in). Still, what did you expect from the 'tached Norwegian? That debut can't come soon enough.
Moritz Gayard (Online Duty Editor)
Egyptrixx – Music To… DRONE Out To
Yesterday was a pretty foggy day here in Berlin and walking to the office while listening to these drone-y sounds gave me sort of an extraordinary experience. Try it.
Daniel Jones (Contributing Editor)
OVRJYD – "Love Me"
Justin hasn't sounded this good since NIKE7UP got his hands on yung Bieb's pre-pomp puss. These sorts of total-reformat edits are the only way this kind of music is bearable to me, but sometimes I wonder about the people who are so in love with the originals and I imagine what it would be like if NIKE7UP started making remixes again. Maybe he would become famous, and all the original versions of these songs would fall out of favor and fade, and Bieber would only be heard pitched way, way up or way, way down. Possibly refracted into a multitude of audible ranges. NIKE7UP should start making remixes again.
BlackBlackGold – Getting Colder (Mix for FRAGILE)
Just in case you need another reason to celebrate the season!
A.J. Samuels (Senior Print Editor)
Planningtorock – "Human Drama" (Paula Temple "Gender's Just a Lie" remix)
After a long hiatus, Paula Temple returned to form this year with her excellent Colonized EP. She's now brought her hardness to Planningtorock's "Human Drama" off the forthcoming album All Love's Legal.
Havoc – 13
Prodigy – Albert Einstein
You don't have to find Jesus, Prodigy will still leave you holy (his own words). This year saw both Mobb Deep members release solo albums which, while not perfect, certainly had their moments. Havoc mostly did his own production while Prodigy once again went to the Alchemist. Cool. But enough with the solo records, please give me what I need.
HTRK – "Give It Up"
Really looking forward to this whole album.
Jannik Schäfer (Social Media Editor)
Busta Rhymes & Q-Tip – The Abstract & The Dragon Mixtape
The highly anticipated collaborative mixtape from two of hip-hop's greatest dropped yesterday and it's kind of what you would expect. A couple of unreleased tracks, a lot of classics and a lovely underlying vibe. There's a skit that sounds as though Q-Tip is still down about what happened with ATCQ but trying to look ahead. Sadly, there are also a couple of YMCMB-infested tracks with awful DJ-shouting that remind me of the side of Busta Rhymes that I never liked. You know, the one that made tracks with the likes of Linkin Park, T-Pain or J-Biebs. On the other hand, it's that same Busta that brings out the good in Lil' Wayne or Nikki Minaj.
Madlib – "Hold the Organ" (from Rock Konducta Vol. 1)
Madlib is gradually releasing tracks off his latest Beat Konducta instrumental series release titled Rock Konducta Vol. 1. The final product consisting of Volumes 1 and 2 is set to be released in spring and draws from various underground rock scenes from the sixties through the eighties like krautrock, Spanish prog and so on. The first preview, "Black Widow", was not so far up my alley but this one got me all excited!
Read previous editions of Editors' Choice here.
© Ghostly International Archives – Telekom Electronic Beats


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Russell Simmons Lists His NYC Penthouse for $10 Million
Jacinta Howard Published: July 5, 2018
Modin Group
Once again, Russell Simmons is attempting to sell his Financial District penthouse in New York. Simmons is aiming to get $9.92 million for the home.
According to the New York Post. he previously listed the apartment back in 2012 for $11 million before it was taken off the market a year later. He'd previously shared the home with his ex-wife, Kimora Lee Simmons but bought her out of the home for $2.3 million when the couple split back in 2006.
As for the specs, the home is a 7,175-square-foot duplex loft which features five bedrooms and barrel-vaulted ceilings. There's also a library with a gas fireplace and approximately 3,500 square feet of private outdoor space, a gourmet kitchen, dressing room, and private roof deck.
Simmons came under fire in late 2017 after 10 different women accused him of rape, attempted rape and other acts of sexual misconduct. The New York Police Department is reportedly investigating at least two of the claims. In November 2017, Simmons stepped down from all of his businesses amid the slew of allegations.
"As the corridors of power inevitably make way for a new generation, I don't want to be a distraction so I am removing myself from the businesses that I founded," he wrote in a statement. "The companies will now be run by a new and diverse generation of extraordinary executives who are moving the culture and consciousness forward."
Back in April, one $5 million sexual assault lawsuit against Simmons was dismissed. Simmons has denied all of the allegations against him.
As for his penthouse which is now up for grabs, you can check out the images below.
Next: Rap Star Homes
Source: Russell Simmons Lists His NYC Penthouse for $10 Million
This Perry County Alabama Home is Perfect for Fishing, Hunting
Black Excellence in Alabama: Nominate a Black History Maker Now
Alabamians Should Prepare for Heavy Rainfall, Potential Flooding


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 Чокачи (Кваутемок), насеље у савезној држави Чивава у Мексику
 Чокачи (Гереро), насеље у савезној држави Чивава у Мексику

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>Epidemiology & Infection
>Volume 147
>High expression levels of influenza virus receptors...
Epidemiology & Infection
High expression levels of influenza virus receptors in airway of the HBV-transgenic mice
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 November 2019
Jiajun Yang ,
Hao Li ,
Liyuan Jia ,
Xianchun Lan ,
Yuhui Zhao ,
Huijie Bian and
Zheng Li [Opens in a new window]
Jiajun Yang
Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
Hao Li
Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
Liyuan Jia
Xianchun Lan
Yuhui Zhao
Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China College of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an 710077, China
Huijie Bian
Zheng Li*
Author for correspondence: Zheng Li, E-mail: zhengli@nwu.edu.cn
In the human population, influenza A viruses are associated with acute respiratory illness and are responsible for millions of deaths annually. Avian and human influenza viruses typically have a different α2-3- and α2-6-linked sialic acid (SA) binding preference. Only a few amino acid changes in the haemagglutinin on the surface of avian influenza viruses (AIV) can cause a switch from avian to human receptor specificity, and the individuals with pathognostic chronic diseases might be more susceptible to AIV due to the decreased expression level of terminal α2-3-linked SA in their saliva. Here, using lectin and virus histochemical staining, we observed the higher expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA influenza virus receptors in the airway of HBV-transgenic mice compared with that of control mice due to the significant decrease in control mice during ageing, which imply that this is also a risk factor for individuals with pathognostic chronic diseases susceptible to influenza viruses. Our findings will help understand the impact on influenza virus pathogenesis and transmission.
α2-3/6-linked sialic acidsairwayinfluenza A virusliver diseasereceptors
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 147 , 2019 , e297
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268819001833[Opens in a new window]
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright © The Author(s) 2019
In the human population, influenza A viruses (IAV) are associated with acute respiratory illness and are responsible for millions of deaths annually. IAV express two membrane-bound surface glycoproteins, the haemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA) and entry of avian and human influenza viruses (HuIV) is mediated by HA that binds to specific sialyloligosaccharides [Reference Wohlbold and Krammer1, Reference Byrd-Leotis, Cummings and Steinhauer2]. Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are considered to be key contributors to the emergence of human influenza pandemics, and its HA preferentially recognises sialic acid (SA) α2-3galactose (Gal)-linked receptors, whereas HuIV HA preferentially recognises SA α2-6Gal-linked receptors [Reference Subbarao3–Reference Beigel8]. It has been shown that the difference in receptor use between AIV and HuIV, combined with the distribution of their receptors in the respiratory tract, results in a different localisation of virus attachment [Reference Van Riel9–Reference Couceiro, Paulson and Baum12]. HuIV attaches more abundantly to the upper respiratory tract and trachea, whereas AIV predominantly attaches to the lower respiratory tract [Reference Baum and Paulson13–Reference Van Hoeven15].
The oral cavity can be an entry site of the influenza virus, mucus present in the respiratory tract from the human respiratory tract predominately contains α2-3/6-linked SA receptors, which may hamper influenza virus binding and infection [Reference Lamblin and Rousse16, Reference Breg17]. Moreover, saliva is known to be a potentially important barrier against IAV infection. The barrier action by saliva can be explained by two distinct mechanisms [Reference Limsuwat18]. One mechanism involves proteins (pulmonary surfactant protein D) binding via carbohydrate-recognition domains to carbohydrates on the HA1 domain of the HA and on the NA of IAV [Reference Hartshorn19–Reference Hsieh21]. The other mechanism involves proteins (α-2-macroglobulin, MUC5B and salivary glycoprotein-340) inhibiting IAV by presenting a SA ligand for viral HA [Reference Chen22–Reference Verma25]. Our previous study indicated that elderly individuals had stronger resistance to IAV partly by presenting more terminal α2-3/6-linked SA residues in their saliva to bind with viral HA and inhibit the activities of IAV [Reference Qin26]. However, it is often noted that hospitalisations and deaths after an influenza infection mainly occur in the elderly population diagnosed with chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cancer [27–Reference Hak30]. This phenomenon is usually explained by the fact that chronic diseases reduce the ability of the immune system to fight infections. Our further study provided evidence that elderly individuals with chronic diseases, such as diabetes and liver disease, might be more susceptible to AIV due to the decreased expression of terminal α2-3-linked SA residues in their saliva [Reference Zhong31].
In the current study, we employed the HBV-transgenic mice C57BL/6J-TG(ALB1HBV)44BRI/J that develop progressive hepatic damage, which well mimics the natural history of human hepatocarcinogenesis, and assessed the in situ tissue expression levels of both α2-3/6-linked SA influenza virus receptors in the respiratory tract of HBV-transgenic mice. Then, we further evaluated their binding capacities with one strain (A/Duck/Guangdong/17/2008 (H5N1)) of AIV and H1N1 influenza A vaccine. The findings from this study will also help unravel the molecular mechanism of patients with chronic diseases susceptible to IAV and find effective prevention and treatment agents against IAV.
HBV-transgenic mice C57BL/6J-TG(ALB1HBV)44BRI/J which contain HBV genome S, pre-S and X domains under the mice albumin promoter and can develop progressive hepatic damage that well mimics the natural history of human hepatocarcinogenesis, were provided by The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) [Reference Chisari32]. The negative control of C57BL/6 mice was purchased from VITALRIVER experiment animal company (Beijing, China). The HBV-transgenic mouse and C57BL/6 mouse colonies were maintained in the Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology of Fourth Military Medical University (Xi'an, China). Ethical approval for the current study was obtained from The Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Northwest University and Fourth Military Medical University. The current study was performed in strict accordance with the People's Republic of China Legislation Regarding the Use and Care of Laboratory Animals.
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue
Fifteen, 10 to 18 month old HBV-transgenic mice (n = 3, at the same age) and 15, 10 to 18 month old C57BL/6 mice (n = 3, at the same age) were anaesthetised and sacrificed for tissue material sampling. Fresh trachea and lung of mice were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h, then rinsed in running water for 12 h. Then, they were dehydrated in two changes of 70% ethanol for 30 min each, followed by 80%, 90%, 95%, 95%, 100% and 100% ethanol for 20 min each. They were transparentised in a mixture of xylene with ethanol (1:1), followed by two changes of xylene for 30 min each; and embedded in three changes of paraffin wax for 30 min each. All of the paraffin-embedded tissues were cut into 4 µm thick, and attached to the glass slides.
Dewaxed and rehydrated
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were dried overnight at 60 °C. Paraffin was removed from sections by immersing slides in two changes of xylene, 5 min each; and hydrated in two changes of 100% ethanol for 5 min each, followed by 95%, 90%, 80% and 70% ethanol for 5 min each, rinsed in running water for 3 min. These dewaxed and rehydrated sections were subjected to the following method.
Preparation of avian influenza virus
One H5N1 subtype strain (A/Duck/Guangdong/17/2008) was cultured in the chorioallantoic fluid of 10-day-old embryonated hen eggs and then purified on a discontinuous sucrose-density gradient as described previously [Reference Yu33].
Labelling of lectins and viruses
Maackia amurensis lectin II (MAL-II) and sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) (Vector, Burlingame, CA) were labelled with Cy5 fluorescent dye and Cy3 fluorescent dye (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK), respectively, and the H5N1 subtype strain and H1N1 vaccine were labelled with Cy5 fluorescent dye [Reference Li34]. All labelled lectins and viruses were purified using Sephadex G-25 columns, as described previously [Reference Qin35]. Subsequently, the Cy3- and Cy5-labelled lectins and Cy5-labelled viruses were quantified and stored at −20 °C in dark until use.
Fluorescence-based lectin histochemistry
All the paraffin-embedded sections were stained with fluorescently labelled SA-specific lectins. Cy5-labelled MAL-II, specific for α-2,3-linked SA to detect AIV receptors, and Cy3-labelled SNA, specific for the α-2,6-linked SA to detect HuIV receptors. The fluorescence-based lectin histochemistry was performed as previously described [Reference Yu33]. Briefly, dewaxed and rehydrated tissue sections were microwaved in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) at 100 °C for 10 min and cooled at room temperature to eliminate endogenous peroxidase activity. After rinsed with PBS three times, 5% bovine serum albumin and 0.02% Triton X-100 was used to block nonspecific staining at 25 °C for 1 h. The tissue sections were incubated with a mixed solution containing a final concentration of 100 µg/ml of Cy3-labelled SNA and Cy5-labelled MAL-II each at room temperature for 3 h in dark, respectively. Finally, sections were stained with 1 µg/ml of DAPI (Roche, Basel, CH) for 10 min before the final rinse.
Fluorescence-based virus histochemistry
All the paraffin-embedded sections were bound with fluorescently labelled viruses. The steps were similar to fluorescence-based lectin histochemistry. After blocked, the tissue sections were incubated with 100 µg/ml of Cy5-labelled H5N1 subtype strain and H1N1 vaccine at 4 °C overnight in dark, respectively. Finally, sections were stained with 1 µg/ml of DAPI (Roche, Basel, CH) for 10 min before the final rinse.
Three independent biological replicates were performed. A laser scanning confocal microscope FV 1000 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was used to collect the images using the merge channels of Cy5, Cy3 and DAPI and analysed with ImageJ and SPSS software. To evaluate the expression levels of influenza virus receptors, random area of every tissue section was chosen to capture and the average fluorescent intensity (AFI) was calculated. The AFI of three independent biological replicates in tissue pairs were compared with each other based upon fold-changes, according to the following criteria: fold change >1.5 or <0.67 in tissue pairs indicated up-regulation or down-regulation, and P-values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors in the trachea of HBV-transgenic mice
In order to determine the expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors in the trachea of the HBV-transgenic mice model compared with control mice, the tissue sections of trachea from 10 to 18 month old mice were stained with Cy5-labelled MAL-II and Cy3-labelled SNA, respectively. Besides, the labelled Cy5/Cy3-BSA staining was used as negative controls. Specifically, random area of every tissue section was selected to capture and the AFI was calculated. The fold-changes of the AFI of three independent biological replicates in tissue pairs were calculated, which were classified into three categories to evaluate whether the expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors were altered in the respiratory tract of HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice: (1) results showing significant increases in AFI (fold change ⩾1.50, P < 0.05), (2) results showing significant decreases in AFI (fold change ⩽0.67, P < 0.05) and (3) results showing an almost even level in AFI (fold change range from 0.67 to 1.50, no significant difference).
The results showed that the negative controls had no positive signal (Fig. 1a) and both HBV-transgenic mice and control mice expressed α2-3/6-linked SA receptors on the ciliated epithelial cells and basal cells of the trachea (Fig. 1b). The expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors showed an almost even level in the trachea tissues of 10 and 12 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice, however, they were significantly higher in the trachea tissues from 14 to 18 month old HBV-transgenic mice than that of control mice (all fold change ⩾1.68, P < 0.01). Notably, the expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors had no significant difference in the trachea of the HBV-transgenic mice model accompanying by progressive hepatic damage (from 10 to 18 months) (Fig. 1c and d), however, they showed a decreasing trend in the trachea of control mice with ageing (from 10 to 18 months) (Fig. 1e and f).
Fig. 1. (a) Cy5 and Cy3-labelled BSA staining were used as negative controls. (b) Expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors in the trachea tissues of HBV-transgenic mice and control mice at different ages. (c, d) The expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors in the trachea tissues of HBV-transgenic mice with ageing. (e, f) The expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors in the trachea tissues of control mice with ageing. Green bar: Cy5-labelled MAL-II, specific for α2-3-linked SA to detect AIV receptors. Red bar: Cy3-labelled SNA, specific for the α2-6-linked SA to detect HuIV receptors. The images of tissue pairs were acquired using the merge channels of Cy5, Cy3 and DAPI. Scale bar = 50 µm.
Binding of influenza A virus with the trachea of HBV-transgenic mice
The capacities of influenza viruses bound with SA receptors in the trachea of HBV-transgenic mice model and control mice were also assessed. The tissue sections of trachea from 10 to 18 month old mice were incubated with Cy5-labelled one strain (A/Duck/Guangdong/17/2008(H5N1)) and H1N1 vaccine, respectively. Similarly, random area of every tissue section was selected to capture, and then the AFI was calculated. The fold-changes of the AFI of three independent biological replicates in tissue pairs were calculated, which were classified into three categories to evaluate whether the ability of influenza viruses bound with their receptors was altered in the respiratory tract of HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice: (1) results showing significant increases in AFI (fold change ⩾1.50, P < 0.05), (2) results showing significant decreases in AFI (fold change ⩽0.67, P < 0.05) and (3) results showing an almost even level in AFI (fold change range from 0.67 to 1.50, no significant difference).
The results showed that the capacity of H5N1 subtype strain binding to the trachea tissues was an almost even level in 10 and 12 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice, however, there were more H5N1 viral particles bond to trachea tissues from 14 to 16 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice (all fold change ⩾1.99, P < 0.001) (Fig. 2a). The capacity of HuIV (H1N1 vaccine) binding to the trachea tissues was also an almost even level in 10 and 12 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice, however, there were more HuIV viral particles bond to trachea tissues from 14 to 18 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice (all fold change ⩾1.65, P < 0.05) (Fig. 2b). Notably, the capacity of H5N1 strain binding to the trachea tissues showed increasing trend in the 10–16 month old HBV-transgenic mice model accompanying by progressive hepatic damage, and then its capacity decreased significantly from 16 to 18 months, however, its capacity showed a decreasing trend in the control mice with ageing (from 12 to 18 months) (Fig. 2c). The capacity of H1N1 vaccine binding to the trachea tissues also had no significant difference in the HBV-transgenic mice model accompanying by progressive hepatic damage, but its capacity showed a decreasing trend in the control mice with ageing (from 10 to 18 months) (Fig. 2d).
Fig. 2. Assessment of binding capacities of IAV with the SA receptors in the trachea tissues of the HBV-transgenic mice and control mice. (a) The binding of H5N1 subtype strain with the trachea tissues at different ages. (b) The binding of H1N1 vaccine with the trachea tissues at different ages. (b) The binding of H5N1 subtype strain with the trachea tissues with ageing. (d) The binding of H1N1 vaccine with the trachea tissues with ageing. The images of tissue pairs were acquired using the merge channels of Cy5 and DAPI. Scale bar = 50 µm.
Expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors in the lung of HBV-transgenic mice
In order to determine the expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors in the lung of the HBV-transgenic mice model compared with control mice, the tissue sections of lung from 10 to 18 month old mice were stained with Cy5-labelled MAL-II and Cy3-labelled SNA, respectively. Similarly, random area of every tissue section was selected to capture, and then AFI was calculated. The fold-changes of the AFI of three independent biological replicates in tissue pairs were calculated. The results showed that both HBV-transgenic mice and control mice expressed α2-3-linked and α2-6-linked SA receptors in their pulmonary alveoli (Fig. 3a). The expression level of α2-3-linked SA receptor was significantly higher in the lung tissues from 12 to 18 month old HBV-transgenic mice than that of control mice (fold change ⩾1.80, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the expression level of α2-6-linked SA receptor was significantly higher in the lung tissues from 10 to 16 month old HBV-transgenic mice than that of control mice (fold change ⩾1.71, P < 0.01). Interestingly, the expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors had no significant difference in the pulmonary alveoli of the HBV-transgenic mice model accompanying by progressive hepatic damage (from 10 to 18 months) (Fig. 3b and c). However, the expression level of α2-3-linked SA receptor showed a decreasing trend in the pulmonary alveoli of control mice with ageing (from 10 to 18 months), and the expression level of α2-6-linked SA receptor had significantly increased in the pulmonary alveoli of 18 month old control mice (all fold change ⩾1.57, P < 0.001) (Fig. 3d and e).
Fig. 3. (a) Expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors in the lung tissues of HBV-transgenic mice and control mice at different ages. (b, c) The expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors in the lung tissues of HBV-transgenic mice with ageing. (d, e) The expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors in the lung tissues of control mice with ageing. Green bar: Cy5-labelled MAL-II, specific for α2-3-linked SA to detect AIV receptors. Red bar: Cy3-labelled SNA, specific for the α2-6-linked SA to detect HuIV receptors. The images of tissue pairs were acquired using the merge channels of Cy5, Cy3 and DAPI. Scale bar = 50 µm.
Binding of influenza A virus with the lung of HBV-transgenic mice
The capacities of influenza viruses bound with SA receptors in the lung of HBV-transgenic mice model and control mice were also assessed. The tissue sections of lung from 10 to 18 month old mice were incubated with Cy5-labelled H5N1 subtype strain and H1N1 vaccine, respectively. Similarly, random area of every tissue section was selected to capture and AFI was calculated. The fold-changes of the AFI of three independent biological replicates in tissue pairs were calculated. The capacity of H5N1 strain binding to the lung tissues was an almost even level in 10 and 12 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice, but there were more H5N1 viral particles bond to lung tissues in 14 to 18 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice (all fold change ⩾1.54, P < 0.05) (Fig. 4a). The capacity of H1N1 vaccine binding to the lung tissues was an almost even level in 10 and 12 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice, but there were more HuIV viral particles bond to lung tissues from 14 to 16 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice (all fold change ⩾1.50, P < 0.01) (Fig. 4b). Notably, the capacity of H5N1 virus binding to the lung tissues had no significant difference in the HBV-transgenic mice model accompanying by progressive hepatic damage, but its capacity showed a decreasing trend in the control mice with ageing (from 10 to 18 months) (Fig. 4c). The capacity of H1N1 vaccine binding to the lung tissues also had no significant difference in the HBV-transgenic mice model accompanying by progressive hepatic damage, but its capacity showed a decreasing trend in the control mice with ageing (from 10 to 16 months) (Fig. 4d).
Fig. 4. Assessment of binding capacities of IAV with the SA receptors in the lung tissues of the HBV-transgenic mice and control mice. (a) The binding of H5N1 subtype strain with the lung tissues at different ages. (b) The binding of H1N1 vaccine with the lung tissues at different ages. (c) The binding of H5N1 subtype strain with the lung tissues with ageing. (d) The binding of H1N1 vaccine with the lung tissues with ageing. The images of tissue pairs were acquired using the merge channels of Cy5 and DAPI. Scale bar = 50 µm.
Much of the available data on the tropism of influenza viruses in the human respiratory tract has been derived from few autopsy studies of fatal cases. Although highly informative to identify the cell types that are infected in vivo and to understand pathogenesis, these data are generally restricted to late phases of the infection [Reference De Graaf and Fouchier36]. In attempts to compensate for the lack of data in humans, the effect of receptor specificity on tropism, pathogenesis and transmission has also been studied in a number of animal models such as ferrets, pigs, guinea pigs and mice [Reference Chan37, Reference Rimmelzwaan38]. Our previous study demonstrated that healthy elderly individuals had stronger resistance to IVA partly by presenting more terminal α2-3/6-linked SA residues in their saliva to bind with viral HA and inhibit the activities of IVA [Reference Qin26]. However, elderly individuals with chronic diseases, such as diabetes and liver disease (hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma), might be more susceptible to AIV due to the decreased expression level of terminal α2-3-linked SA in their saliva [Reference Zhong31].
In the nasopharynx of humans, α2-3/6-linked SA receptors were detected on ciliated cells and mucus-producing cells [Reference Qin35]. In this study, because it is difficult to obtain nasal mucosa in the nasal cavity of HBV-transgenic mice, here, we observed only that the alteration of the expression levels of the α2-3/6-linked SA in the tissues of trachea and lung of the HBV-transgenic mice in comparison with that of control mice. In the bronchus, α2-3/6-linked SA receptors are heterogeneously distributed in the ciliated and nonciliated cells [Reference Nicholls39]. The expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA receptors were significantly higher on the ciliated epithelial cells and basal cells of the trachea tissues from 14 to 18 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice due to a decreasing trend of that in the trachea of control mice with ageing (from 10 to 18 months). Both receptors are abundantly presented in the lower respiratory tract, especially in pulmonary alveoli [Reference Ning40]. Staining of α2-3-linked SA receptors using MAA-II was most abundant in cells lining the alveoli, mainly type-II cells [Reference Shinya14]. The expression level of α2-3-linked SA receptor was significantly higher in the lung tissues of 12 to 18 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice due to the expression levels of that showed a decreasing trend in the pulmonary alveoli of control mice with ageing (from 10 to 18 months). Furthermore, the expression level of α2-6-linked SA receptor was significantly higher in the lung tissues from 10 to 16 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice due to a decreasing trend in the pulmonary alveoli of control mice with ageing (from 10 to 16 months). The infection of avian and HuIV is mediated by viral HA that binds to specific sialyloligosaccharides on the surface of host cells, after the binding of HA to host SA receptors, the life cycle of IAV is initiated. Then the fusion of viruses and cellular membranes by endocytosis, and viral nucleolar protein complexes are released into the cytoplasm, transported to the nucleus and replicated and transcribed by viral polymerase complexes [Reference Ning40, Reference Smrt and Lorieau41]. Obviously, the alternation of the expression level of SA receptors is closely related to susceptibility and transmission of IAV.
Surface adhesion is achieved by binding HA to the cellular SA receptors. Although virus histochemistry only provides information about viral HA for host cell surface adhesion rather than replication ability of virus, it should be highlighted that viral HA for host cell surface adhesion is a necessary condition in the virus replication cycle [Reference Eriksson42]. In this study, the capacities of IAV bound with SA receptors in the airway of HBV-transgenic mice model and control mice were assessed, which showed that there were more H5N1 subtype strain virus and H1N1 vaccine binding to the trachea tissues from 14 to 16 or 18 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice significantly. Similarly, there were more H5N1 subtype strain virus and H1N1 vaccine binding to the lung tissues from 14 to 18/16 month old HBV-transgenic mice compared with control mice significantly. The capacity of H5N1 virus and H1N1 vaccine binding to the airway tissues of mice are almost identical to the distribution of the α2-3/6-linked SA receptors. These results implied that individuals with chronic diseases, such as liver disease, might be more susceptible to H5N1 and H1N1 viruses due to the higher expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA influenza virus receptors in their airway in comparison with healthy individuals, and healthy individuals had stronger resistance to AIV due to the decreased expression level of SA receptors in their airway with ageing.
Indeed, chronic diseases, such as chronic pulmonary, heart, kidney, hepatic, neurological diseases and malignancies, are considered to be an important predisposing condition for complicated infection, hospitalisations and deaths from influenza [Reference Grohskopf, Sokolow and Broder43–Reference Cox45]. Influenza virus infection may be particularly problematic in children with chronic lung diseases (CLDs), and children with CLDs have been reported to be at higher risk of hospitalisation with influenza [Reference Homaira46, Reference Neuzil47]. Our results provide an insight into this phenomenon that individuals with chronic diseases, such as liver disease, might be more susceptible to IAV due to the higher expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA influenza virus receptors in their airway in comparison with healthy individuals. However, healthy individuals had stronger resistance to AIV due to the decreased expression level of α2-3-linked SA receptor in their airway with ageing.
Our analyses have three limitations. First, we have investigated only the expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA in the airway of the HBV-transgenic mice. Second, our investigation has not referred to the mechanisms that cause the higher expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA in the airway of the HBV-transgenic mice. Another limitation of our study is that anti-influenza activity has been not assessed. In conclusion, AIV and HuIV typically have a different SA-binding preference and only a few amino acid changes in the HA protein can cause a switch from avian to human receptor specificity. The individuals with pathognostic chronic diseases might be more susceptible to AIV due to the decreased expression level of terminal α2-3-linked SA in their saliva. Here, we reported the higher expression levels of α2-3/6-linked SA influenza virus receptors in the airway of the HBV-transgenic mice in comparison with that of control mice, which is also a risk factor for individuals with chronic diseases susceptible to IAV. Furthermore, the significant difference between the expression levels of SA receptors in the HBV-transgenic mice and the control mice was caused by the decreasing expression in the control mice with ageing. Our findings will help understand the impact on IAV host range, pathogenesis and transmission.
J.Y., H.B. and Z.L. designed research; J.Y., H.L., L.J., X.L. and Y.Z. performed research; J.Y., H.B. and Z.L. analysed data and J.Y. and Z.L. wrote the paper.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81502820 and 31500130) and the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 14JK1759) and Research Fund from Northwest University (Grant No. 13NW32).
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest with the contents of this article.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
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You have Access Open access
Yang, Jiajun Yin, Mengqi Hou, Yao Li, Hao Guo, Yonghong Yu, Hanjie Zhang, Kun Zhang, Chen Jia, Liyuan Zhang, Fan Li, Xia Bian, Huijie and Li, Zheng 2022. Role of ammonia for brain abnormal protein glycosylation during the development of hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. Cell & Bioscience, Vol. 12, Issue. 1,
Jiajun Yang (a1), Hao Li (a2), Liyuan Jia (a1), Xianchun Lan (a1), Yuhui Zhao (a1) (a3), Huijie Bian (a2) and Zheng Li (a1)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268819001833


Daniel Choi began his mandatory military service on October 2, 2015 and did public serve work.
Daniel Choi was discharged from the military on September 29, 2017. His first acting role after being discharged is drama series "Jugglers."
Cecil Apr 12 2019 10:59 am I'm amazed by how rich the emotions he acts at the ghost detective. I, then, watched jugglers and his act doesn't disappoint me too. He is such a great actor and I really wish he has the recognition that he deserves.
Nana Mar 14 2019 7:53 pm What! He is 3 years younger than me?
Grace Nov 30 2018 6:44 pm He is versatile actor , charming, and handsome as grow older. I don't know, something about Daniel that very attractive , he sure has charisma, looking soft and innocence but manly too. Heard he is a good guy irl too. Such gentleman. Hope he will pick the right projects in future so he can be more popular . please keep yourself humble . We international fans , love and will always support you.
GM Queen Nov 28 2018 7:25 pm No doubt! You are the most talented & most handsome K-actor I know! ❤❤ Your performance in "The Ghost Detective" is outstanding! ❤❤ Now, let's grab some awards & ALL THE BEST!!!!!!
Felda jerangau Sep 06 2018 7:05 pm I'm hooked with your character in the ghost detective..damn it..it so good..best drama ever..your deserve daesang for it..the production team did good job pick the perfect character for you...and high kick 2 never get old...lee ji hoon shi....?
Chelly Sep 06 2018 4:07 pm I've already got thru first episode of the ghost detective and he already got me hooked! that profile pic isn't giving him justice! that man is too handsome!!!
ralali ilali Aug 31 2018 9:05 pm why he so handsome???
Jackie Aug 07 2018 12:44 pm I first saw him in school 2013,but I liked Daniel more in highkick 2 ,I've just finished watching it and I was like am interested in seeing him in more other kds,though apparently am mad about the ending of high kick 2. But anywhere 1st time seeing u but like ur style. Looking forward to see u more.
Rina Jul 23 2018 1:35 am I love you Choi Daniel. You're so handsome!!!
Sally Asay Jun 08 2018 1:44 am Daniel Choi is one of the most handsome men I've ever seen...and I'm married to a pretty darned good looking guy! Leave the glasses on - makes you stand out from the crowd of handsome men out there, AND go for more roles like Jugglers! That was soooo fun to watch - did it twice! Just a side note here: You have the best lips of anyone - they are beautiful, and your kissing scenes make me CRAZZZZZYYYY!
W Jun 05 2018 9:53 am Is it just me? He's a mix of Chang Kiha and Lee Yi Kyung.
Lore Apr 16 2018 7:35 pm He looks like Clark Kent ?
BeYou Mar 13 2018 9:19 am cool ?????
pastelbee Jan 17 2018 12:16 am The chemistry with the female lead in Jugglers is so real..Aigoo ...love them much!Cold but warm inside..
Queenbee Jan 12 2018 6:54 am everyone who is recently discharged from millitary service always looks so hot *.*. Love you in "jugglers" choi daniel !
Maria Dec 26 2017 3:46 am Enjoying his new drama Jugglers!
tncdel Jul 06 2017 12:09 am Good acting ability. Would like to see him in the lead role of a historical drama.
LadyG Mar 16 2017 10:27 pm Love this man! He needs to come back to dramas, he was fantabulous in Ghost and Big Man. Hope he gets one again soon! A starring role is preferred.
X2 Dec 08 2016 6:12 pm I'm completely in love with you after watching Babyfaced Beauty. You are so amazing in which you portray & act naturally how a young man to be in love the first time. Wow, daebak! More over you are so so cute & handsome.
Elizabeth Oct 09 2016 11:44 am He left for military service October 2015. He will serve for 24 to 36 months.
Happy Sep 30 2016 5:09 pm Where are you Daniel Choi? I miss your cute smiles already... Wish to see you again in current dramas hopefully with Jang Nara or anyone else as long as he comes back.
phoenix_fire Dec 14 2015 9:16 am Choi Daniel is another one of those underrated Korean actors... I enjoyed his take on Kang Se Chan in School 2013. I wish he will have more dramas and films... He's too good an actor to just have cameo or guest appearance. He should be lead actor!!!
made Dec 13 2015 5:09 pm Oppa i love you so muchos.
isabela May 14 2015 2:34 pm I really like watching ur dramas, i became a fan since i watched baby faced beauty. You are a very good actor. Hope you have more good dramas in the future. I love your smile..keep on smiling..
jual sketsel Mar 31 2015 1:12 am daniel so handsome, i watch every movie and tv off him..
jenny Oct 11 2014 4:31 am Pls make another drama for choi daniel...the lead role oppa... im an avid fan..I love ur smile..its very pure and innocent..I love ur character in baby faced beauty. . Keep up the good work.!!fighting!!
Yanni Sep 24 2014 6:56 pm Hes a great actor....love hes acting in Baby Face beauty, He makes me laugh a lot :-D Hes awesome in Big Man too and He's other dramas! Daniel Choi FIGHTING!!!
cartriwa501 Jun 22 2014 10:26 pm Choi Daniel hve done such a great job as Kang Dong Seok in Big Man.. loved him so much!Great Actor! Completely drown in Kang Dong Seok's perfect heir.. prince charming Kang Dong Seok! Go go go Choi Daniel!
CICI Jun 20 2014 6:42 pm GREAT JOB, DANIEL in "Big Man". You were absolutely the BEST from beginning to end.
Genesis May 29 2014 7:49 am I am an instant fan....I saw you in Phantom and now I want to watch everything you've ever acted in or been featured in....that might sound insane. I think you are extremely handsome and have brilliant on-screen charm.
I look forward to seeing all of your future television dramas and major movie screen films.
Continued success to you Mr. Choi in your acting career and in your life.
On the other hand, I saw a picture of him in lab/doctor's coat, anyone remember from which show he played a doctor?
Mimi Feb 21 2014 3:45 pm First of all Happy Birthday!!! Wish you all the best especially happiness. I must say that even though i don't know you personally, i think you're a great person. I unanimously agree with the rest of the comments... you have a great smile :) May you keep being a blessing to the people that surround you everyday. Keep up the good work....Fighting.
saptha Feb 09 2014 7:33 am I really like you very much !!! of all anticipated male actors you are one of the lead who has amazing style !! please dont change your style or looks, stay how you like to be. You totally rock , really like your smile and voice they are amazing !!! :) Your image perfectly suits a lot of characters romance, action.thriller, melodrama ! wow multi talented !!! Anticipating your next drama/movie :) All the very best.
Kiara Jan 14 2014 11:19 am I don't know what to say... I really like your smile.It has something that I can't explain.you are really lucky to have it.I wish u very best..!!!
woojungie Jan 11 2014 4:42 am Smile and eye-smile totally adorable. When he wears glasses he is a smiling Clark Kent. I am just totally drawn to the tall, handsome man who is a little quirky in a cute way. Did any of you see how he gazed at Hwang Jung Eum in the famous scarf kiss? Gaaaah, fangirling and swooning here. If by chance I get to meet him, my legs would buckle, for sure.
CICI Jan 05 2014 5:57 pm I was so happy to see that Daniel Choi won an award for Expect Dating at the KBS Drama Awards for 2013. Whenever I see him whether it's in a drama or interviews he is so sweet, with the shyest cutest smile and is so down to earth for such an excellent actor that can do every acting style equally great. Although I am madly in love with Kim Jae Wook, the actor I would most like to meet if I ever could is Daniel Choi..well, wait a minute, Kim Jae Wook is sweet, shy, cute smile, excellent at all styles of acting too and down to earth..Oh, I do have to meet them both after all!! Love you Daniel Choi. Congratulations and I look forward to seeing you in many more leading roles now.
pema Oct 22 2013 9:27 pm He is cute. His smile is mesmerizing.
chanana Mar 22 2013 12:05 am i never had any idea he was the same person in within world and school 2013. never!
Annie Feb 21 2013 4:18 pm Happy Birthday, Daniel! And many more!
CICI Jan 30 2013 2:55 pm I first saw Daniel Choi in Babyfaced Beauty and really liked him a lot. After seeing him in School 2013, he is one of my favorite Korean actors. I hope he gets more leading roles with happy endings. All the best, Daniel.
Kathy Thacker Jan 15 2013 5:01 pm I am a big fan. I am loving this new drama School2013. This drama has me hooked on it from the start. I can't wait to the next episode. I am going to watch the other dramas that I haven't seen you in yet. Please make many more.
Nicky Sep 09 2012 12:13 pm Daniel...I really would like to see you pick a leading role in a very dramatic & romantic tv show, so you could show everyone how talented you are! I really liked you in baby-faced beauty, but the story is a little bit too light for me. I want an intense, heavily dramatic drama, but with HAPPY ending though, not twist ending like High Kick2.
zimi May 13 2012 11:00 pm i just wanna say that i love you, hyungnim.... cant wait Ghost to see u again.
Chelsy Apr 28 2012 1:08 am He looks a bit like Rain!!! CUTE!!!
hanimasyi Jan 08 2012 5:32 am dangshin jebal miso obsoyo!
hanimasyi Jan 08 2012 5:27 am he 's smile super duper hot!!! arrrrrrrrrgggggggggg saranghanda!!
hanimasyi Jan 08 2012 5:26 am nega jongmal saranghanda!!!
joanne vann Oct 16 2011 8:30 pm On episode 12 of "Baby Faced Beauty" and After watching at least 40 korean dramas in the past 4 months. (10 to 20 episodes a day) I have to say This guy is fantastic and I've seen all the English, American and Austrailian series already so Daniel is one of the best. He is cute but can be totally serious and he makes you want to root for him to survive or get the job done or get the girl. Being an old lady I can still say he's good looking enough for Hollywood but hope he doesn't go there cause they would ruin him.
koreandramafanatic Sep 29 2011 1:18 pm I love him so much!
PuKa Aug 23 2011 6:15 pm I really liked his character in Babyfaced Beauty! I saw in a interview that his parents gave him a Bible name (Daniel) because he was a miraculous blessing from God. His father had a vasectomy & Daniel was born after. & I believe he is born & raised in Korea.
chaimoon Jul 04 2011 9:37 pm He was two different persons in Worlds Within and Babyfaced Beauty. In both cases he was crazy with the leading lady. And he was so wacky, crazy, childish sometimes irritating in both! I hope to see him in a better role in his next drama.
Leena Jun 30 2011 9:53 pm Adorable.
Jun-Yeon Jun 28 2011 6:44 am oh he's so adorable and sweet~! ^^ but is he rly married? i thought that was the man who plays ji seungil in baby-faced beauty. well anyway Daniel Choi is so cute~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!!!!!
Ccan Jun 08 2011 9:22 am i heard from my cousin that he's married with 2 kids??? can someone pls tell me it's not true???
jane May 04 2011 2:56 pm LOL look at these comments! No, he's not gay. Yes, someone was talking about the wrong Daniel Choi. That comment was from TWO YEARS AGO. someone should leave a nice comment here already.
jjang Dec 17 2010 6:21 am that person is an idiotic moron.
Roland Dec 11 2010 4:55 am A person makes an honest mistake, and right away he gets called an "idiot" or "morron"? Come on, guys, we're better than that. Who among us is perfect? And you wonder why our world is so messed up?
Lee Jul 08 2010 2:02 am I think he's cute especially in his role in Worlds Within as a j0logz admirer of s0ng hye kyo,hehe.. His face lo0ks so funNy, what m0re if he craCk his lines,haha.. Great j0b!
bithy Dec 03 2009 9:30 pm Hahahahaha! yeah, wrong daniel choi.
random Nov 06 2009 4:22 am wrong daniel choi.... idiot..


text:
About Immrama
Harry Bucknall
After twelve years service in the Coldstream Guards, including operational tours in Northern Ireland and Bosnia, Harry Bucknall, 48, worked in the oil and mining industry and as a consultant in the Middle East. He has also produced theatre on the London Fringe, sat on the Olivier Awards Panel and acted as reviewer for Arts Council, London and a number of West End publications.
Like a Tramp Like a Pilgrim
In the summer of 2012, Harry set out from London and walked 1,411 miles to Rome through England, France, Switzerland and Italy following the ancient Via Francigena; the journey took 94 days. Published by Bloomsbury in July 2014.
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In The Dolphin's Wake
Published by Bene Factum in June 2011, is the tale of Harry's 5,500 mile journey from Venice to Istanbul, in the summer of 2006, through the Greek Archipelago.
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Harry has appeared on BBC Radio 2's Good Morning Sunday with Clare Balding, Radio 4's Saturday Live, Excess Baggage and written variously for, amongst others, The Sunday Telegraph, The Spectator, Sunday Times Travel Magazine, The Scotsman, Irish Independent, Country Life, The Lady and Dorset Life.
He splits his time between London and Dorset and lives with an errant Jack Russell, Sam.
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text:
U19S OUTDONE BY EXPERIENCE
Wakefield 46 Salford (Reds) 0 Match Report - David Clegg
The confidence which had grown within the ranks of the U19's Red side, following their success in their home fixture against Huddersfield, last week, took something of a knock, in this week's away encounter at Wakefield Trinity, to face the team which has won the competition over the last few years.
The step up in standard was evident from the outset, though the younger, and relatively inexperienced Red Devils did manage to compete, set for set, in the early stages, but once the home side got on the scoreboard, they quickly increased their advantage to take an 18-0 half time lead.
Coach, Danny Barton, was, nevertheless, philosophical in his assessment of his team's performance.
"We knew we were going to be up against a really class team from how they have performed over recent seasons, and their whole side had both experience, and physical maturity, which we were lacking in.
"ThIs was obviously the biggest test the lads are going to get, this season, especially with it being away from home, while the scoreline was compounded by the excellent goalkicking from all areas of the field to convert all but one of Wakefield's tries."
The sheer level of concentration which is needed too compete at this intensity is extremely demanding, and it was their first lapse in this area, which led to their conceding the first try.
"A couple of players got sucked in, and that left an overlap on the wing that was exploited to the full with a try in the corner.
"Although our attack was well below standard, our defence was really quite good, especially around the ruck area. That is something we had been working on, and so it was quite gratifying to see the improvement there.
"The game has, though, thrown up a number of other areas requiring attention, so it is going to be a case of systematically working through each of these to bring them all up to par."
With half term coming up next week, this will provide a welcome breather for them all to re-compose themselves, and work on a number of the areas to which Danny refers. With another trip over into Yorkshire, in a fortnight's time, to take on Halifax, this will be most necessary.
"Halifax are another side which have also been most consistent in their performances over recent seasons, and are currently second in the league, this year."
The Black team, meanwhile, have a much lengthier lay off, as a result of Wigan & Leigh College calling off their encounter yesterday, and then having a blank week immediately after the half term.


#171: Burnt Nuts on Whole 30 & Real or FAKE – Pumpkin Spice Edition!
Andy and Uncle Nick chat about Nick's While 30 quest, celebrate The New Radicals, and play a game of Real or FAKE! Pumpkin Spice Edition.
#170: Conor-Khabib. Comic-Con. Brewery or Indie Band – Arizona Edition!
Andy and Uncle Nick are back to chat about Nick continuing the Whole 30, the insaneness of Khabib-Conor McGregor, Nick wants to go to Comic-Con, and Brewery or Indie Band: Arizona Edition!


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