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Interesting Places,History & Artifacts.
It's fascinating the things we get to see, but you have to look!
The old LGA tower. 2/6/05
Saarinen's TWA terminal, JFK. 5/30/09
Marine Air Terminal, LGA, 8/2/05
Old NWA pilot training facility. NATCO MSP, 5/23/08
Old NWA hangar, MSP, now gone, 12/3/05
The old tower, EWR, 11/13/02
LAX tower and Encounter Restaurant, 4/14/06
Original terminal building MHT. 3/17/06
Flying up the East River to LGA, 2/6/05
The same visual arrival 2/6/05.
Brooklyn Bridge far right. 2/6/05
Empire State bldg, UN bldg. 2/6/05
Flying up the East R. to LGA. 2/6/05
After landing at Gatwick, 8/23/08 (all 4)
Taxiing to the gate,
under the gate connect bridge.
Beneath the bridge.
How it looks from overhead.
Arriving at Tel Aviv (TLV) from JFK.
Our TLV Approach Plate
This is how it looks on the FMS.
Overhead TLV waiting to turn downwind.
Downwind, visual.. but stay on the line !
And 10 hours later, at the gate.
A few more at TLV.
Leaving TLV to JFK
We're airborne.
We're still airborne
Some chart
Sol, where are we?
JFK, 5/30/09
And, arriving back at JFK, 5/30/09. We've landed on runway 22L and it's a short taxi to our gate. TLV consumes some 20 hours of flying, but the trip is only four days long, so a quick run over to jetBlue and I'll be heading north to BOS shortly.
1960's postcard. Spent a lot of time here with Dad in MIA when he flew DC-6B's at NEA
Back of the postcard. LOOK, a radio and TV in every room. And their heated too! Luxurious accommodations like this made me want to be an airline pilot.
To the left is the DEN tower. Above is the old DTW tower. To the right are the old and present LAX towers.
Left is the Gatwick tower, above is the DCA tower and MCO tower is to the right.
The old tower is behind the X.
Tag along as I visit the Museum of Flight at Boeing Field during a 757 layover. I bid this trip specifically to visit the Number 1, 747, serial number 001, that first flew on 9 Feb 1969. This was my last 757 flight before starting 747-400 school. This aircraft is not normally open to the public, so I'd like to thank John Wegg at AIRWAYS Magazine and Evan Elliott at the Museum of Flight for offering me this wonderful experience.
Museum of Flight, Boeing Field
The 747 cockpit
Evan & me in the cockpit
I'd met with Evan Elliott for my tour
Talk about gauges!!
Ship # 1, serial #001
Evan and Bruce Magnasun standing by the circular stairway to the upper deck
Flight Engineer panel
Thanks to Evan and John Wegg at AIRWAYS for arranging this private tour.
It didn't take Evan long to realize my love for antique airplanes, so he rolled a set of stairs up to the Museums 1049G, Super Connie and showed me around.
Delivered new to TCA in 1954 where she flew until 1963.
The Super G was introduced into service by NWA in 1955. With DC-9 and 727 experience, I feel right at home here.
She arrived here in SEA in 2009. Is this a beautiful looking airplane or what?
Soon bypassed by jets, these magnificent recips were soon relegated to freight service.
And later that night, with my crew to fly the "red eye" from SEA to DTW.
This was my last 757 flight with FO Jim Dettenger. What a great machine, but new challenges lay ahead.
LAX tower & Encounter Restaurant
Las Vegas tower (LAS)
Schiphol tower, Amsterdam
DTW on Uniform taxiway before the NWA/DAL merger.
DTW on Uniform taxiway after the NWA/DAL merger. Can you spot the difference?
In bound to JFK from NRT. Time for one more engine report before the descent and arrival procedures demand our attention.
Overhead Manhattan, Central Park, the Hudson and East Rivers, the GW Bridge and LGA. It's a beautiful day here in NY and after a stop at a nearby NY Deli, I plan to visit the Intrepid: Sea, Air & Space Museum this afternoon.
That's JFK, the light strip is runway 31L. At nearly 15,000 feet, 31L was a Space Shuttle Mission Abort runway for NASA.
Left base for 31L at JFK over The Rockaways looking up Long Beach.
Over Far Rockaway, approaching Head of the Bay and 31L. We're almost there.
Turning off 31L, there's a Korean Air A-380 taxiing out.
Our 747-400 as we turn into our alleyway.
Finally, at JFK gate six in ship 6309. Off to the Roosevelt on Madison and East 45th and back to Narita tomorrow for more wide-body fun.
A snowy day in the NWA system, out to one of the many de-ice pads
At the gate in MSP. Guess where we're going? We've called "iceman" to let him know that we'll need his services.
We've pushed onto taxiway Uniform at DTW, called "iceman" again to be listed in the queue.
Approaching the DTW, 22R de-ice pad and they're ready and waiting for us.
Equipment has improved since the exposed cherry picker days.
The operator is well protected from both glycol and the weather.
We do this now with engines running and two de-ice trucks so our time here has been greatly reduced. Glycol is expensive, this pad has the capability to collect used glycol, clean it, filter it and use it again.
If it's snowing its a two step procedure; first to de-ice and then to protect the wings from icing for a specified period of time.
If it's not snowing it's simply a matter of deicing, cleaning the wings, and we're on our way. To the right an A-320 lands on 30L at MSP behind our deicing vehicle. The challenges of flying in these conditions are a lot of fun.
Looking out over a DC-9 wing in DTW, this A-319 gets a full spray job.
A couple of Air Tran B-717's de-icing in BOS.
Let's visit with Republic Airlines:
To view an old Republic advertisement, CLICK ON the picture below.
I'M A DUCK! Well by some standards anyway. But maybe not by those who were hired at North Central Airlines in the 1950's '60's or even '70's, slogging throughout the upper midwest in DC-3's and Convair 340's to Alpena, Devils Lake or Sault Ste. Marie. But none the less, I won't be cheated from this history, because HERMAN, the mallard duck that defined NCA for decades, was still around when I was hired at Republic Airlines in 1985. To better understand the value of "duckdom," my friend and former ANE colleague, Wes Lundquist gave me a copy of CEILING UNLIMITED by Robert Serling; published in 1973. The history of NCA is enthralling, but we'll save that for another time; what captured my attention was the five generational dust jacket photo that protected my new book.
Here's the dust jacket sporting a DC-9, CV-580, CV-340, DC-3 and a Lockheed 10.
And here's NCA's route structure in 1973. The G.O. and hangar were now in use by REP when I was hired in '85.
Over the last year or so I've struck up an on line friendship with NCA/REP/NWA captain Randy Sohn. Captain Sohn was hired by NCA in 1960 as a DC-3 co-pilot when he separated from the Air Force and retired from the venerable 747-200 in 1994. He enjoyed a very colorful airline career that also included; military aviation, warbird flying, round engine instructing and extensive historical writing. He's written wonderful DC-3 stories that I'm trying to learn how to post here. I'd always wondered of the logistics behind this five generational NCA photo and now met the man who could not only tell me, but was responsible for it. North Central President Hal Carr, approved Randy's idea for this photo, but threatened him with termination if it failed. Pretty interesting... so click HERE and I'll let Randy explain the particulars with even more photography. If you'd like to read more of Randy's stories, click HERE and visit the North Central Airlines website. If you enjoy great stories weaved around round engines and straight wings, you'll be glad that you did.
Now bear with me for just a moment while I thank Karen Dompier for hiring me. I'd met Karen in 1979 when I flew out from BOS while flying with ANE to drop off a resume. I then spoke with her on the phone in 1985 when REP was just starting to hire and she remembered that 1979 visit and got me right on with REP. After 10 years with ANE, Orion and my own little airline, I was rapidly approaching 36 and am forever in her debt. REP's cutoff at that time was 35 and she got me under the wire. Randy Sohn took this photo just last year at an NCA reunion.
Here are my Republic Airlines cap and wings that proudly display HERMAN the Duck. Hired as a 727 FE and made an FE instructor only months later by captain Harry Coffin and FO Steve Wilkinson, I value my time here and thank the pilots from North Central, Southern Airways and Hughes Airwest who taught me not only how to fly a jet, but more importantly, how to think in a jet. Five or six takeoffs and landings a day in GRR, GRB, MSN, BUF FWA and SBN in a DC-9 went a long way to sharpen ones skills. Also my thanks to fellow ANE pilots Wes Lundquist, Bob Finnegan and others, who stuck their necks out and called Karen on my behalf.
It ain't easy being green!
MSP based Republic Airlines was created by the merger of MSP based North Central Airlines and Atlanta based Southern Airways in 1979. Less than a year later Phoenix based Hughes Airwest joined the organization to create the nations 9th largest airline. By 1986, Republic, with 15,000 employees and 207 destinations flew to more cities than any other U.S. airline. I was there and it was a lot of fun! Note the tail on this DC-9.
Just a little of my Republic Airlines memorabilia.
The white jacket with my name was issued to me on the first day of ground school. Everything I needed to know about REP was in here. Other memorabilia.
My Republic cap, wings, blouse and first timetable. When we finished GS and transitioned to simulator training, we used the USAir sims in PIT and the Alaska Airlines sims in SEA.
Republic route map when I was hired in 1985, shortly after Stephen Wolf became CEO.
Return receipt info from Republic and my class list. Our class met in ATL and used the former Southern Airways facility for basic indoc and 727, DC-9 and CV-580 ground school. We stayed at the Holiday Inn on Virginia Avenue... many will recognize this address!
We'd deplaned in SAN off our 727 for the night when the cleaning crew boarded with huge plastic bags. This was our last day as REP and NWA was destroying everything that said "Republic Airlines". We did an about face, went back on and "cleaned out" the airplane. There was little left for the cleaners to toss out.
Kiddie wings.
Let's switch to a little Northeast Airlines memorabilia....
NEA metal plates from the 1950's and employee newsletters from the 1950's and 60's.
Northeast Airlines timetables, mostly pre Yellowbird.
By 1974 I was out of school, home from active duty and flight instructing at IFT at Beverly Airport in Beverly, Mass. IFT enjoyed an excellent reputation resulting in full schedules and a lot of flying along the scenic, Massachusetts North Shore. Frequent student cross country flights south, over Cape Cod Bay, past Provincetown to Hyannis allowed me to visit Air New England regularly and bug Chief Pilot Jim Pashley and his very attractive secretary, Joanie Wilcox.
In April 1974 I was trying desperately to be hired at Air New England when I heard that COMMUTER AIRLINES in Binghamton, NY was hiring. I flew out in a Piper Cherokee 140, interviewed and was hired with Delbert Delaurentis in a class of two. Del is presently flying with FedEx via Flying Tigers. My airline career was now off and running.
This was the schedule in effect when I was hired. They flew from BGM to LGA, JFK, EWR, HPN & DCA.
The copilot, loaded/unloaded baggage, wrote tickets, handled credit cards/cash, manned the door and many other tasks as well. He'd occasionally fly too!
I'd been hired at ANE by this time but they went from a shirt pocket timetable to this full sized version by 1976.
Ticket counter: BGM
Brand new Swearengin Metroliners in 1974.
Two Metros and a Dumod at BGM.
A Metro leaving BGM and my friend Captain Al Westerback, another Commuter Airline Alumnus, now a DAL 747-400 captain. Al's path led to DAL via, Commuter Airlines, North Central Airlines, Republic Airlines and Northwest Airlines. He's seen a few mergers.
A brand new Metroliner... I never flew these! I flew the Beech 18 on night mail runs and the Dumod Infinite II (below) and the Piper Navajo on charters. Formed in 1958 by Jerry and Irene Winston as Broome County Aviation as an FBO/Charter company, they started scheduled passenger service in 1964 with a deHavilland Dove and an Aztec. By 1967 they'd added Beech 18's and Dumods to the fleet, overseen by Chief Pilot Ted Bell. Captain John Harrington is another name many will recognize or associate with Commuter and Freedom Airlines.
The 15 passenger Dumod Infinite II, built by Dumod Corp in Opa Locka was certified in 1966. Powered by two R-985's, with a third vertical stabilizer and a 6 foot fuselage plug, it maneuvered on the ground with brakes and differential power. The Winston's eventually purchased the STC from Dumod. My one day initial ground school at CA consisted of how to write tickets, answer the phone to make reservations and two takeoffs and landings in the Dumod. I was now an "airline pilot." Commuter evolved to become Freedom Airlines flying CV-580's before closing the doors in October 1984.
This is where I lived while flying at CA. The Valley View Restaurant and Motel, recently purchased by a young couple, entrepreneurs really, who kept me well fed and taught me how to play chess in my down time. It's long gone now.
My letter from captain Pashley, hiring me at ANE. One of my most highly prized possessions.
In the photo above, do you see the (blue) pay phone in front of the motel? One night, one of the "working girls," who used this as their "business" phone, yelled upstairs... "Rand, it's for you." Standing in a mud puddle in moderate rain, captain Jim Pashley was calling to hire me at ANE; my parents had given him this number. I was soaked but elated. Two weeks later at 0300, after flying my last Beech-18 mail run, I jumped in my Volkswagon and headed east for Hyannis; on to bigger and better things. Or at least so I thought! In hindsight I was adding one more piece to my puzzle, trying to build that elusive airline career that still lay over the horizon. What would it look like? How would I handle it? Thirty-eight years later I'd know the answers to those and many other questions. To visit the COMMUTER AIRLINES Alumni Facebook page, click HERE.
A few collectibles. My favorite collectibles are printed matter that offer historical info.
Have you ever wondered how NWA grew to become NWA? This genealogical chart will help answer that question
NWA "fleet cards."
and the info side. I think I'm missing a Convair 580 though.
Atlantic Express Airlines flew a small fleet of Metro III's from Farmingdale, Long Island, NY from 1982 to 1984. Here are a few pieces from its short history.
Boarding a flight from FRG to SYR. (That's Captain Jeff Nooger, now at UAL on the stairs)
On the ramp in Farmingdale, NY
Dir of Maint Bob Kahn and I received our FAA part 135 certificate here from Don Juul, Loren Hauser and Geo. Cogliati.
Metro cockpit
1/17/83. 1st day of service. There are many Air New England pilots here. Richie Peters, Gary Bies, Andy Eppler and Bill Burkhead.
1983 timetable
This was a Fairchild promo shot using the hood of a truck.
Metro passenger cabin. It was cramped but unlike previous models, it had 10 extra feet of wing and considerably larger engines.
In an SA-227, Metro III, 1983. One of our four Metro's. Fairchild Aircraft took over Swearingen Aircraft of San Antonio, TX. As you can see, I did get out and fly occasionally. I ferried the four Metro's from San Antonio to Farmigdale as well as filling in on reserve if someone needed a day off.
We'd just returned to Farmingdale, NY from San Antonio with our first Metroliner. I was a co-founder, VP of flight and an FAA designated examiner here.
On the ramp at Republic Airport in Farmingdale, NY.
Do you remember Wiggins Airways?
I came across this timetable at an antique show in Amherst, NH.
Airfare BOS to MHT: $2.90
A Cessna T50 Bobcat. This was the type aircraft used in the "original' Skyking TV series. Later they used a Cessna 310D. They were called "Songbirds."
Wiggins was one of the early New England airlines created in 1929 by EW Wiggins in Norwood, Mass. When this timetable was published they were flying Cessna T50 Bobcats, also known as Bamboo Bombers. Many Northeast Airlines pilots got their start here. George Parmenter, founder of Cape & Island Airways in Hyannis in 1947 involved Wiggins somehow with the formation of Air New England in 1970.
T50, Bobcat cockpit.
A little of my own history. These are the airplane types that I flew at NWA and DAL.
An overview of what we flew at NWA.
NWA: DC-9. 759NW, MSN 47287, mfg 8/68. 1/3/05, MSP
REP/NWA: B-727, This was an EAL airplane and the only type that I flew at REP. 6/17/02, MSP.
NWA: A-320, N353NB, MSN 786, mfg 2/98, 9/25/02, MSP.
NWA/DAL: B-757, N548US, MSN 26495, mfg 8/96, 1/3/04, MSP.
DAL: B-767-300ER, 198DN, 9/1/09, AMS. I actually flew a couple of flights, HNL-SLC and SFO-PEK in pre-merger DAL paint.
NWA: DC-10-40, 7/26/06, MSP. This is the only NWA aircraft that I flew where I didn't check out as a captain.
DAL: B-747-400, N675US, MSN 33001, mfg 3/02, 8/16/11, JFK
A busy evening at LGA: Our gate was occupied and there was no where to put us, so ground just moved us around as necessary. I used the opportunity to take a few evening shots of one of America's most fabled airfields. 3/30/04 1645L
SONG no longer exists, nor does the old tower.
Nor do Air Tran or ATA.
UAL, AA and DAL merged with CAL, US and NWA and changed livery's.
DAL is leaving the Marine Air Terminal.
And Trump now has a 757. Things just constantly change in this industry.
Tuesday morning, 11 September 2001
Like most everyone else I vividly remember the events of the day. I was in my hotel room in MSP, watching the morning news, preparing to head to NATCO, the NWA training center, to take my 757 type rating ride. At 0846 eastern, 0746 central, I saw American Airlines flight 11 fly into the north tower of the WTC in New York. Seventeen minutes later, United Airlines flight 175 flew into the south tower. The airline industry, life, would never be the same!
This is American Airlines gate 11, terminal B in BOS taken from taxiway Alpha where flight 11, a Boeing 767 departed from. (photo taken 5/19/08 from a B-757)
This is United Airlines gate 19, terminal C in BOS taken from taxiway Bravo where flight 175, a Boeing 767 departed from. (photo taken 5/19/08 from a B-757)
You'll notice that both gates have American flags flying in the breeze. They are the only two gates in the entire BOS facility that have American flags attached to them and signify the departure points of the two hijacked aircraft that flew into the World Trade Center that morning.
This is NWA 757-251, N521US, MSN 23209 mfg 12/1/86. Click on the picture to watch NWA's last departure from TPA to MSP on 1/30/10 as we merged with DAL. This is the actual airplane in the video but painted in the old "bowling shoe" livery. (photo, 5/27/05, PHX, 1307L)
On 1 October 1986, REP and NWA completed their $886 million merger that was the largest airline merger to that time. It created the USA's 4th largest airline with 35,000 employees and 303 aircraft. Click on the DC-9 to see how local MSP news covered the event. (N943N, DC-9-30, MSN 47647, mfg 3/22/75)
SHIP 728
I have a passion for history. More so for airline history and particularly with those who flew the DC-3. Here's Wisconsin Central's, later North Central's ship 728, N21728 completed in Santa Monica at the Douglas factory in August of 1939.
I took these photos of 728 on 12/7/98 at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn Mich near DTW. She'd been donated to the museum by North Central Airlines in 1975.
Capt Red Wallis had flown her from DTW to the Ford test track nearby, where her wings were removed and towed to the museum. 23 years later she's in a sad state of repair.
Here she is in her hay day however, when flying for North Central Airlines from 1952 until 1967
Ship 728, C/N 2144, had 21 seats and sported two, 9 cylinder Wright Cyclones when she was built in 1939 for Eastern Airlines. Wisconsin Central president Francis Higgins purchased her from Eastern with 51,000 hours in March 1952. By October of 1952, WCA moved from Madison, WI to Minneapolis, MN and changed their name to North Central airlines.
On 26 April 1965, ship 728 landed at MSP, flown by captain Herb Splettstoeser and FO Jim Topping at 2219 hours. This marked the end of her commercial airline career, but Hal Carr refurbished her and used her as an executive transport until 1967 when she'd accumulated 83,032 hours and 52 minutes. She was the highest time airplane in the world, until another DC-3, owned by PBA surpassed her.
Donald Douglas presents a plaque indicating that ship 728 is the "worlds highest time aircraft" to North Central's Hal Carr.
OLD MEETS NEW at MSP in 1967 when 728 meets DC-9, N951N, the airlines first jet airplane.
And this is how she appears today at the Ford Museum. But why does she sport a Northwest Airlines livery? Click on the pic above to see NCA, REP, NWA Captain Wes Mortenson's page concerning 'ol 728. I flew a lot with Wes in the 727.
Prior to becoming North Central the airline was named Wisconsin Central based in Madison Wisconsin.
Before that it was called "Four Wheel Drive Company" based in Clintonville, Wisc and was the corporate transportation division of that company. Herman the Duck survived until 1986 when Republic Airlines merged with Northwest.
More Collectible Stuff.... airline flight manuals
When I flew domestically, particularly into DC-9 or 727 stations I'd scour "Flight Ops" for stuff... but only took what was offered!
NWA A-320 "Operating Manual, also reffered to as Volume II. A 727 Cockpit Operating Manual and a DC-9 Cockpit Operating Manual. Most captains would create their on indexes for the Cockpit Operating Manual helping to find obscure procedures quickly.
Volume II was the official, company, FAA approved systems study and procedures guide and the Cockpit Operating Manuel we carried in our flight bags and referred to for emergencies and abnormal procedures.
I was a known collector and guys were constantly leaving stuff in my mailbox from other airlines.
I was a DC-9 sim instructor for several years.
How about those Hughes Airwest and Mohawk Manuals?
May 2004: The Wiggins Airways Ramp, Manchester, NH
When I answered my phone I heard, "Quick, Rand, get over to MHT, the Breitling Connie is here."
I grabbed my camera, swung my prop and was gone in a flash.
Cub #1 of 2.
She stopped in MHT enroute to her new home at the Basle-Muhouse airport in Switzerland.
Modern meets Vintage.
She was only here for an hour or so. To learn more about this Connie, click the pic to read Ralph Pettersens blog.
Digital vs. Analog.
Cranking #3. There's nothing like the the aroma of combusted 100 LL while listening to the rumble of a compound radial.
The taxi out.
The takeoff, runway 24.
The captain was thoughtful enough to give us a flyby before heading for Switzerland.
NEA 524, LGA to LGA
8/05/1967, Wolfeboro, NH, 2100 hours: I remember the phone ringing at our summer home as I was preparing to leave the house and join friends at Bailey's in Wolfeboro. My mother seemed a bit apprehensive but from her quick conversation with my dad, she said he was fine. OK... See you later as I grabbed the keys to our 1965 Mustang convertible and flew down the road in a cloud of dust. I wouldn't think of this incident until years later, after my dad had passed away in fact and I assumed custody of his airline logbooks.
Dad was hired at NEA in 1946 and retired from DAL in 1980. He's shown here as a DC-3/CV240 captain in 1955 or so.
This logbook entry on 8/5/67 baffled me for years. Flight 524 shows a departure and arrival at LGA. The flight was a scheduled passenger trip to fly from LGA to BOS.
To further muddle the issue is this entry to the right in the remarks section. "MacGilvra, Ouch!! Gulls. So what the hell is this all about?
In 2008 I met retired NEA/DAL captain Bruce MacGilvra at a Northeast Airlines reunion at Plymouth, NH. He asked me if I knew anything about NEA flight 524 back in 1967. I replied 'no" but the wheels were turning and knew that I'd finally learn the story behind, "Ouch, Gulls."
On that evening, Dad and Bruce taxied out at LGA to fly NEA 524 to BOS in a brand new, Douglas DC-9, delivered to the airline just two months earlier.
They were cleared for takeoff on runway 31, my father was the PF and Bruce performing as the PNF as he announced "V1" and was about to say "rotate" as he thought about this quick flight back to BOS and his drive home. But suddenly, from out of the low evening light and rain showers emerged a huge flock of gulls, flying a perfect intercept course. WHAM! "As the right engine starts compressor stalling your father," Bruce explained, "slammed it into reverse and stood on the brakes. Surely he had made the wrong decision as we'd reached rotate speed and the nose was already pitched up." Today was Bruce's 10th anniversary date with NEA and his last flight as a DC-9 copilot; he'd been awarded an FH-227 captain slot and school started next week. But as Bruce said to me, "at this moment I didn't expect to be in that class as the runway end lights approached rapidly."
An NWA DC-9 cockpit in 2007. Aircraft 9884, N984US, MSN 47383, mfg 9/15/69 with a few amenities not available in 1967.
I took this photo on 4/6/07 from a 757 while holding in position on 31 at LGA. This is pretty much the view that my father and Bruce experienced. The runway, at 7,000' is one of the shortest at a major US Airport. But just 9 months prior to their incident this runway was 1,035 feet shorter at a mere 5,965 feet. If the extension to 31 and 13 hadn't been built, early in 1967, they'd have certainly sailed off this runway into the Rikers Island Channel and on to the front page of the New York Times.
Sure that my Dad had made the wrong decision by aborting, Bruce figured "what the hell" and jumped on the brakes too and as he said later, he could "see the FILAMENTS in the runway end lights glowing bright red." Miraculously, the jet came to a stop just feet from the end of the runway. So close in fact that a tug couldn't get into position to hook them up and drag the Nine away. A big, Irish, Port Authority cop standing out side signaled my dad to open his side window and yelled up, "so will you be going to church tomorrow captain?"
Walking around the airplane later they discovered that both engines were severely damaged with bent, broken and missing turbine blades. The cowl on the right engine was suspended below it, held on by the hot air supply line used in the engine anti-ice system. A complete tear down revealed charred feathers all the way up in the engine starter valve assembly. In short, this airplane would never have flown.
April 2007 from a B-757.
Northeast had just purchased a fleet of brand new DC-9's and 727's and initiated their Raymond Loewy designed Yellowbird campaign, to compete in the BOS and JFK to Florida markets with Eastern and National Airlines. Dad had only received his DC-9 type rating five months earlier and flew his last DC-6B flight a few days after that. Bruce would make that Fairchild upgrade class and retire in 1990 from the B-767 and served NEA and DAL as a check airman on many pieces of equipment. The DC-9 itself. N972NE, MSN 47057, line # 122, a -31 model had been delivered new to NEA on 14 June 1967 and served the airline until the Delta merger in 1972 when it departed and flew for Allegheny Airlines as N942VJ.
Above is an aerial view of LGA that I took in April 2007. In the top left quadrant, by the intersection of 4/22 and 13/31, do you see the brighter, cement sections? These are the runway extensions of 1967 that I referred to earlier. Prior to 1967 those two runways ended where they met. I forgot to mention. The crew and passengers were loaded onto a bus and returned to the terminal where they boarded another DC-9, and flew NEA flight 530 back to BOS. Today, news crews would be anxiously interviewing the sobbing passengers asking about their near death experiences as lawyers swarm in, offer advice and pass out their cards. My father never spoke a word about any of this.
A Little Hangar History
Many from North Central and Republic Airlines will recognize these pictures at MSP.
We'll start in 2009 and travel back towards 1968.
I took this pic in 2009. I was in our training hotel across the street from the NWA complex in MSP taking my annual 757 check ride. There are several NWA aircraft but to the far left is an NWA DC-9 in Delta paint. The merger was well underway by this time.
A closer view of the photo above showing more detail. Somewhere in my collection I have these exact same photos but with Republic Airlines signs.
North Central Airlines hangar and GO facility in October 1969 when the buildings were dedicated. This facility sported Republic Airlines signs when I was hired here and attended basic indoc and had uniform fittings in April 1985. From here we went to the old Southern Airways facility in ATL for B-727 ground school.
1968 when the $17 million hangar and General Offices were still under construction. A few more MSP photos below.
The northern end of the MSP Maint. hangar taken from Bravo taxiway in a 757. 12/3/05. This hangar no longer exists.
A continuation of the same hangar to the left. This building was also the NWA corporate headquarters for years. Razed I think in 2006.
The end of the previous hangar, shot from the cockpit of an A-320.
Wing & Hat Badge Collection: Keeping it within the family!
Visit retired NWA captain Stan Baumwald's site to be overwhelmed!
Air New England, Northwest Airlines, Delta Air Lines.
My Dad's collection starts with the Army Air Corps in 1942, moves on to BOS based Northeast Airlines in 1946 and wound up with Delta in 1972, retiring from airlines in 1980.
My ANE, NWA and DAL caps with their associated wings. RIGHT: My Dad's wings and my wings in order of seniority from 1942 until 2012. You'd be shocked if I told you some of the offers that I've received from wing collectors for this 11 wings set. I'm not saying this to solicit higher offers... they're not for sale.
My DAL cap and wings issued in 2008 and my Dad's issued in 1972.
My wings start with Air New England in 1974, Atlantic Express in 1982, Orion in 1984, Republic in 1985, Northwest in 1986 and finally Delta in 2008. If you're confused, I understand!
Here's a collection of "extra metal" that represents, service pins, ALPA pins, specific airplanes, company pins, yellowbird pins, a duck pin, and two of my most prized possessions... a Boeing cockpit door key and a 747 bunk room door key.
Undoubtedly, my NWA wings are the most unique in my collection, designed by company founder Colonel Lewis, H. Brittin in 1928. Airline pilots didn't wear wings in those days so Brittin designed these to be worn by all air mail pilots, which was where the business was. Eventually, as new airlines evolved they created their own wings but Northwest pilots wore this design their entire career. This one design, originally of gold, was worn by all pilots regardless of their status with no "stars" or "wreaths." The wings you were given as a new hire flight engineer were the same that you wore as a 747-400 captain 30 years later. The US Post Office even created an air mail stamp with this design. Interestingly, in 1990 or so the company decided to change the wing design. The pilots stood firm, "No wing change." It's the only issue that we all ever agreed upon.
ABOVE: Sadly, the only pic I have of my Republic Airlines Cap and badge, issued to me in April 1985 at the old North Central Airlines General Offices at MSP. LEFT: A close up of my Dad's 2nd issue cap badge and pilgrim wings. The yellowbird pin came about in 1967 with the Raymond Loewy Yellowbird campaign. The KEEP NORTHEAST FLYING sticker is from the 1957, CAB Florida Route Case, where NEA did battle with much larger Eastern and National Airlines to secure routes from Boston and New York to Miami, Ft Lauderdale and Tampa.
From left to right: My fathers and my wing and cap badge collection.
CK PECK: US Army Air Force, 1942 - 1945. Northeast Airlines, 1946 - 1972. Delta Air Lines, 1972 - 1980. RK PECK: Air New England, 1974 - 1981. Republic Airlines, 1985 - 1986. Northwest Airlines, 1986 - 2008. Delta Air Lines, 2008 - 2012. REP merged with NWA 1986, NWA merged with DAL 2008. NEA merged with DAL 1972.
Air New England, Air New England, Northwest Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Northeast Airlines, Delta Air Lines.
Unearthing model airplanes.
Neither my Dad nor I were model aircraft enthusiasts, flying them I suppose was enough, but rummaging through his artifacts recently I found these two Delta Air Lines models.
My Dad and me in January 1980 during his retirement flight at DAL. I was a Twin Otter captain at BOS based Air New England. He retired at age 60, adapted quickly and enjoyed life. I on the other hand retired at 63 1/2 and it's taken me two full years to accept it.
N1650 (on this model) was built and delivered new to Northeast Airlines in 1969, MSN 20248. In Aug of 1972 she flew for DAL and later still for Pan Am as N371PA.
These are inexpensive "snap" together plastic models that Dad had picked up somewhere along the line. He flew both these types at NEA and DAL.
It turns out that I had acquired the same aircraft models and stored them away in my collection.
My NWA 727 that I purchased in 1998 when I checked out as a 727 captain.
I'd purchased this snap together DC-9 in 1995.
All of our long, hidden away plastic jet models have resurfaced to enjoy the light of day.
My Dad wasn't much of a nostalgic airline collector,
but ... after finding the models I dug around a little more.....
This is an wooden, NEA airport ticket counter sign, circa 1950's, given to me by Air New England (and earlier, Northeast Airlines) Montpelier, VT station manager Kent Greenough in 1977. I gave this to my father during his retirement flight in 1980 and it hung on his den wall. Soon it will hang on my office wall.
Kent Greenough gave me this decal too that graced my parents family room wall for many years. This decal came about in 1940 as NEA changed their name from Boston-Maine Airways to Northeast Airlines. You'll see this decal on very early NEA DC-3 photos.
Digging a little deeper I found these two Naussa, Bahama inaugural coffee cups from May of 1968 in the Yellowbird motif. The platter is pre Yellowbird and was given to me by retired NEA/DAL captain John Gitzus. Going thru my Dad's logbooks, he first flew to Nassua on 22 July 1968 in a 727-200.
Front of an NE Tee shirt.
Northeast Airlines stationary.
Back of that NE Tee shirt that depicts the fleet.
A Yellowbird hat.
A close up of the back of the tee shirt that shows the fleet. You'll notice NEA made substantial changes to it's livery between the 727-95 and 727-295. The change had to do with having the tail show less dirt and exhaust.
I just keep finding more stuff... it's like he left me a personal easter egg hunt.......
A handful of Yellowbird pins, some still wrapped in plastic.
I received an email from Jason in Milwaukee who asked, "How much about your career did your father know? "
Interesting question. My Dad retired in 1980 and died in 1991. He knew that I'd been hired at REP in 1985 and that we'd merged with NWA by 1986. By that time I was a DC-9 FO and had been a 727 FO, SO and SO Instructor and check airman. My mother on the other hand died only recently and was alive and well when I retired from DAL off the 747-400.
Lapel pins: A pre Yellowbird CV880 pin. The area in red has an NE in it. His Army Air Corps collar pin and a NEA Pilgrim pin.
A close up of the Pilgrim pin. This would have been made probably around 1940 just as they changed their name to Northeast Airlines. It's beautiful don't you think?
A couple of Army Air Corps wings and this little gem from 1940.
Here's a close up. You'll notice the similarity to the decal above. The Pilgrim on the DC-3 became the logo in 1940 when Boston-Maine Airways, founded in 1933, acquired their first DC-3 and changed their name to Northeast Airlines. This pin and the wings above I'm reluctant to polish for better viewing. It would alter the patina and thus probably its value.
I only recently found these in a family scrapbook. These would have been his first issued Army Air Force wings in 1942.
The back of his "senior pilot" wings shown top right here. The hallmark says, "NS MEYER INC NEW YORK.
Dad's "senior pilot" and "pilot" wings issued in 1942 and 1943. He qualified and instructed in both the B-25 and B-26. He discharged from the Army in 1945 at Fort Devens in Massachusetts, ran over to the Northeast Airlines hangar in East Boston and was hired as a DC-3 copilot.
Seeing as how I've mentioned my parents, here they are in 1982, shortly after they retired, celebrating their 40th wedding anniversary. Dad's arrival at BOS on his retirement flight holding the NEA sign that I'd shown above.
Time flies when you're having fun and they had FUN!! LEFT: Wakefield Daily Item, 1942, my mother takes off for Maxwell Field in Alabama to marry my father. ABOVE: Jan 1980 as they leave BOS after Dad's retirement flight. It was a wonderful life!
Mom's graduation picture from Lesley College in Cambridge, Mass, 1941.
More of Dad's soft items from the Air Corps.
1942, before Dad earned his wings at Maxwell Field in Montgomery, Alabama.
I made a statement above that I wasn't a model collector. Six months later I set out to find all of the airplanes that I flew at a major airline as close to 1:200 scale as possible. Here they are from Right to Left. Republic Airlines 727, NWA DC-9, 727, A320, 757 and DC-10. DAL 767-300ER and 747-400. A flew all of these aircraft as a captain except the DC-10.


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Is this mission impossible, or can the problems at Eskom be fixed during the winter? Here's how the power giants plan to banish load shedding for good.
Pravin Gordhan has sniffed an opportunity to get Eskom back on the right track. At a media briefing on Wednesday, he cut a different figure from the man who spoke to the press just a few weeks ago on the issue of load shedding.
He was upbeat, almost radiating with confidence this time around. After the Eskom task team was established six weeks ago – where Gordhan was given free rein to grab a few officials by their collars and demand explanations – it seems the utility may now have something to shout about.
The public enterprises minister revealed that load shedding isn't likely to happen between May and August. In a worst-case scenario, Stage 1 would be implemented for about a third of that time. The information is much easier to digest than what we heard last month: Eskom was reportedly preparing for Stage 5 and 6 blackouts.
But just what has changed, and how do the utility plan to keep the lights on this winter? All of that has been laid bare in the Eskom presentation, which explained how they would try to take load shedding off the table.
Their ideal target has been described as "Scenario 1" – this would be the outcome that Gordhan believes will happen if everyone in a management position at Eskom gives 110%: So a pinch of salt may be required here. The scenario would mean no more than 9 500MW would be removed from the grid over a three-month period.
For a start, the units at Kriel, Matla, Medupi and Kusile would all benefit from an increase in capacity, meaning that a further 2 350MW will be added to South Africa's electricity grid.
The change in weather is also set to help, as imports from Mozambique have resumed following Cyclone Idai. Furthermore, power plants tend to perform better in cooler temperatures during the onset of winter.
Eskom also plans to encourage citizens to save more electricity in order to help relieve the pressure on Eskom's plants. As we've seen with Cape Town's water restrictions, the utility wants to encourage eco-friendly behaviours with the power supply.
Implement stronger leadership in key positions.
Give power station managers full authority over their plants.
Improve "root cause analysis" capabilities for technical issues and execute swiftly.
Strongly focus on all ways to optimise each plant.
Review recommended boiler oxygen levels without compromising safety.
Track partial load losses with daily targets based on each station's capabilities.
Introduce a project to focus on reducing the backlog of coal and diesel procurement.
Implement a plant care strategy.
Update maintenance strategies for milling and fabric filter plants.
Establish appropriate maintenance contracts for each plant.
Improve optimisation of all boilers and turbines.


A tennis coach is trying to put together a team of four players for the forthcoming tournament. For this 7 players are available: males A, Band C; and females W, X, Y and Z. All players have equal capability and at least 2 males will be there in the team. For a team of four, all players must be able to play with each other. But, B cannot play with W, C cannot play with Z and W cannot play with Y.
If Y is selected and B is rejected, the team will consist of which one of the following groups?
If B is selected and Y is rejected, the team will consist of which one of the following groups?
If all the three males are selected, then how many combinations of four member teams are possible?
How many females voted for the proposal?
How many females were not in favour of the proposal?
Who are the females in the group?
Whose wife is the teacher?


Discovering this issue sooner can mean big savings for your checking account, as compared to finding out about it later. Put the strainer on top of drains to catch any food that would go down and cause a clog. You should clean your strainer in your kitchen anytime you have anything in it. You should clean out the strainer in your bathtub often. If your home has well water and you start seeing orange or pink stains, that is from iron in your water supply. Using a water softener can help fix this problem. You can obtain a water softener at any home improvement store, or rent them from specialist companies. Look at the overflow holes to ensure they aren't clogged up. Overflows holes can be used in the event the sink overfills, which is a big problem if they are clogged. Clean overflow holes as part of your annual maintenance, and any other time you are handling general plumbing repairs. Save money by getting better shower heads. Sewer Grease Trap Replacement Lincoln City OR The Plumbing Information You Need To Read Having good plumbing is very important to having a safe and healthy home.
You are looking for any feelings of weakness or softening of the floor itself. You can save a lot if you catch these issue sooner. A great maintenance routine for bathtub drains is to pour baking soda and vinegar into the drain opening once a month. Cover the drain with an old rag, because there will be a chemical reaction taking place inside the pipes. Wait for a little while and then allow boiling water to go down the drain. This method clears out soap scum buildup and accumulated hair that gets caught in the pipes. Ensure overflow holes don't have any debris in them. The overflow holes help prevent a sink from spilling. When blocked, they don't work properly and the water can spill out onto the floor. When you're periodically checking your sink for possible problems, take the time to clean out the overflow holes. Run lots of cold water whenever you use your garbage disposal. Clogged Tub Drain When you grind things up in the garbage disposal, don't run the water while doing so.
Push lightly against the tile to see if it moves or the subsurface has any give in it. , If you flush improper items such as disposable diapers, facial tissue, cotton balls, paper toweling, tampons or sanitary napkins down the toilet, you will surely have problems with clogs. Use the least amount of toilet paper that you can; use just as much as necessary to properly clean yourself. When you replace your shower head, be sure that the replacement head is high quality. There are some who think that low price is all that matters when buying fixtures for the bathroom. This is not the case though. The cheaper models usually are low quality and will break easier than a high quality fixture. When using the garbage disposal, do not even bother running the water. It is assumed that food will go down more smoothly if the water is running, though in reality that does nothing good. In contrast, it could actually cause garbage or waste to stick to the insides of the disposal and do more damage than good. If you are having trouble removing a clean-out plug, there are two ways to do it. First, try using a chisel with a hammer to get the fitting loosened.
Hot water can liquify grease and cause it to collect in the drain, and that can clog the pipes. Drainage Pipe Repair La Grande OR, Clean overflow holes as part of your annual maintenance, and any other time you are handling general plumbing repairs. You can save lots on energy with efficient shower heads. The shower uses most of the hot water. You can save up to a few hundred dollars a year by simply installing shower heads that are energy efficient. Dishwashers that have too much water running into them could have a hose installed improperly. The water will not drain into the dishwasher from the sink if it is configured in an uphill and downhill position. If you need to replace your shower head, make sure that you buy a new one that is high quality. Choosing the cheapest shower head in the store can end up costing you more in the long run. Inexpensive shower heads are not terribly sturdy, though, and may not hold up to daily use. Clean out your dryer's lint filter. This can save you a lot of trouble, including preventing fires.


text:
(-) Remove Federal Government filter Federal Government
Aquatic Invasive Species in Alaska
DOC. NOAA. Fisheries.
DOI. USGS. National Wildlife Health Center.
Provides news updates and other resources
Avian Influenza Current Situation Summary
DHHS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Provides situation summaries by type (wild birds, poultry, humans) and location.
BLM Alaska Weeds and Invasives Program
DOI. Bureau of Land Management.
BLM Colorado Weeds and Invasives Program
Ecological Science: Invasive Species
USDA. NRCS. Pennsylvania.
Forest and Grassland Health
USDA. FS. Alaska Region.
Galápagos Islands Have 10 Times More Alien Marine Species Than Once Thought (Mar 28, 2019)
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center.
More than 50 non-native species have found their way to the Galápagos Islands, over 10 times more than scientists previously thought, reports a new study in Aquatic Invasions published Thursday, March 28. The study, a joint effort of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Williams College, and the Charles Darwin Foundation, documents 53 species of introduced marine animals in this UNESCO World Heritage Site, one of the largest marine protected areas on Earth. Before this study came out, scientists knew about only five.
Have You Seen This Mosquito? Aggressive Mosquito Species Vanishes from Pacific Island (Feb 28, 2018)
DOI. United States Geological Survey.
The Asian tiger mosquito can carry dread diseases like Zika, and yellow and dengue fever. After it vanished from Palmyra Atoll, an island in the tropical Pacific, USGS researchers and partners set out to find out why.
Interior Provides $1.5 Million to Combat Invasive Species and Protect Natural Resources in the Insular Areas (Aug 20, 2018)
DOI. Office of Insular Affairs.
Doug Domenech, U.S. Department of the Interior Assistant Secretary for Insular and International Affairs this week announced $1,488,890 in fiscal year 2018 grants to combat invasive species and protect natural resources in the U.S. Territories of American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as the freely associated states of the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of Palau. "Invasive species in the islands are disruptive for both marine and terrestrial resources in the islands, which already face a delicate balance," said Assistant Secretary Domenech. "Secretary Zinke and I are pleased to help control and eradicate invasive species in the islands in order to protect public health, livelihoods, and fragile environments and economies."
DOI. FWS. Alaska Region.
Invasive Species Pocket Guide for Alaska Firefighters (Apr 2018) (PDF | 10.7 MB)
Firefighting personnel can unintentionally transport invasive species on clothes, gear, and equipment from the lower 48 to Alaska. They can also unintentionally spread invasive species within Alaska, from infested areas to clean areas. Aquatic invasive species can also be spread any time water is moved from an infested area to another waterbody, when seeds, propagules, or larvae are carried in small amounts of water or trapped in the water-handling equipment. This booklet is a tool to help identify some of the invasive species of greatest concern in Alaska and also suggests BMPs that will help firefighting personnel avoid introducing or spreading them. It also identifies four invasive species that should be reported to authorities and how to report them. See also: Invasive Plants Publications for more resources.
New Yup'ik-English Guide to Invasive Species is a First for the Forest Service and a Practical Identification and Prevention Tool for Bush Alaska (Jan 19, 2012)
Partnering with a local Alaskan native community, the U.S. Forest Service has for the first time published a dual language booklet in English and a native Alaskan language, Yup'ik, to help educate the greater community in Southwestern Alaska on invasive species. This publication, Protecting Southwestern Alaska from Invasive Species: A Guide in the English and Yup'ik Languages, aims to explain invasive species concerns unique to Southwestern Alaska, which is home to a large community of the indigenous Yup'ik people.
Screwworm Eradication Program Records
USDA. National Agricultural Library.
Sterile Fly Release Programs - Screwworm
Theodore Roosevelt National Park - Non-Native Species
DOI. National Park Service.
USDA Establishes European Cherry Fruit Fly Quarantine in Niagara County, New York (Jun 14, 2018)
The United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has established a quarantine for European cherry fruit fly (ECFF) in New York. A portion of Niagara County is quarantined for the invasive fruit fly following the detection of 51 flies in 2017. APHIS and the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (NYSDAM) are working collaboratively on this detection. The ECFF quarantine area encompasses approximately 92 square miles of Niagara County.
See also: Fruit Flies for additional information.
Watercraft Inspections & Launching
DOI. NPS. Curecanti National Recreation Area.
Motorized and trailered watercraft launching in Blue Mesa Reservoir are required to be inspected for aquatic invasive species prior to launching, and if necessary, decontaminated in accordance with procedures set by the Colorado Division of Wildlife. In addition to the mandatory inspection prior to launch, boaters are encouraged to get an exit inspection to verify the watercraft has been cleaned, drained and dried.
West Virginia Field Office - Invasive Species Control
DOI. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Current Page, Page 11
Control and Management (12) Apply Control and Management filter
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It has been a busy week. After the funeral, Noriko and I went to Kohala (Big Island) for the Hawaii Library Association Conference. It was at a very nice resort (am very spoiled now after a late night jacuzzi nap).
I gave a paper at the conference based on my dissertation research. It was one of my first times to not just read a conference paper, so I felt so liberated. I used to be so shy. I never could have imagined talking without notes for almost an hour. The crowd was good, and had some nice, engaging questions.
The rest of the week involved teaching, grading, reading, etc. The only unusual events were a nice dinner with one of my favorite historians (Eileen Tamura) and serving on my first Ph.D. committee (Toru Yamada, Anthropology).
This morning I took Noriko to the airport for a morning flight to Tokyo. She was invited to give a paper at a university there. Since I was already on the other side of the island, I took off to Waikele and Haleiwa. I am now ensconced at Coffee Talk -- my favorite cafe. This weekend I have to finish writing up my narrative report for my 3rd year evaluation (en route to tenure). It is a lot of work. Perhaps I should get back to writing. If I finish today I can enjoy either shave ice or correcting papers.


Will my personal auto insurance change by sharing my car?
Getaround's coverage replaces your personal auto insurance from the beginning of the trip period until the trip period expires. Our insurance policy is primary, so no other insurance coverage is required within a trip period.
State law requires that you maintain your existing personal auto insurance coverage for all periods when your car is not being rented. Your car should always be insured.
Getaround's insurance policy does not affect your personal coverage. Claims that occur during a trip will not count against your personal insurance policy.
What should I do if one of my renters caused some minor damage?


text:
Unidentified Flags or Ensigns Page 1 (2016)
flags submitted in 2016 - Page 1 of 5
Last modified: 2019-07-06 by pete loeser
Keywords: ufe | unidentified flags | 2016 |
Please note our Policy for Submissions and Enquiries.
Below is a series of images of flags that have been provided to FOTW; some we have recognized, and some we have been unable to recognize. If you can help us identify any of these flags, please let us know! Contact the: UFE Editor.
Identification Key: = Positive ID (Positive Identification)
= Tentative ID (Tentative Identification)
= Some Speculation
Unidentified Flags on this Page:
French Saint Martin UFE
UFE Seen In Music Video
US Protest Flags in Oregon
Kosovar Protest Flag (Kosovo)
UFE at Western Samoa Independence Ceremony
Unknown Shipping Line Flag
Unknown Flag on RV
Unusual flag spotted in London
Russlanddeutsche Flagge
Strange Hungarian Flags
Unidentified World War II Era Flag
Unknown Shiite Militia Flag
Panamanian Political flag
Greek UFE 1949
Unidentified Flags on Tea Cup
Egyptian Sultanic Standard?
US Minuteman flag with Three Stars
Unidentified Flags on Page 2:
Flag Has Me Puzzled
Mystery US Flag Seen In 1906 Photo
ISIS Flags with Unknown Words
Kaesong UFE
Possible UK Commercial Flag
Korean UFE
Unidentified Airline Flag
Meaning of Yellow and Black American Flag?
Question About a Flag
Unknown Yacht Club Pennant
Flag on Button
Three Unknown French Polynesian Flags
Unknown Kagyu flag in Amsterdam
Unknown ISJK (ISIS) Flag
Unknown Hamas Flag (ISIS)
Unknown Muslim Flag (Iran?)
Mongolian UFE #1
Flag with Claw and Royal Crest Crown
Possible Commercial Flag (Pichidangui, Chile)
German shipping company?
Two Japanese Made Flags
Unknown German Flag Variant 1933-35
Unknown Basque Flag (ES)
Unknown Flag from World War II- Guadalcanal
Japanese Naval Flag
Incorrect Soviet Union flag variant
Singapore - Military UFEs
Royal flag of Syria 1920?
Flag at Black Lives Matter Protest.
Red Flag with Shahada
Unknown Old Californian Bear Flag
Unrecognized C, R&N, C Flag
Eagle Flag (US)
Unknown German POW Flag
Mexican UFE
UFE Yellow-White-Yellow
Possible Commissioning Pennant
Unknown Pennant Identification
Golden Dragon on Black Flag
New flag for Syrian Kurds?
Strange Flags at Hockey World Cup
Possible HM Customs and Revenues Pennant
Belgian flag with Lion
Gold Eagle on Black Flag
This old flag - American?
Germanic Odinist Irminsul Banner
Unknown Flag Cap Badges
Unknown neo-Nazi flag at Demonstration
Possibly 2nd Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry? (US)>
Unknown Polish European Union Flag?
Unidentified Flags on other pages:
Unidentified flags submitted in 2002 or earlier
Unidentified flags submitted in 2003
Index of Unidentified Flags or Ensigns
16-1. French Saint Martin UFE Positive ID
This has been identified as the Flag of the Collectivity of Saint-Martin and can be found on its perminent page.
16-2. UFE Seen In Music Video Positive ID
Image from Esteban Rivera, 3 January 2016
Yesterday while watching the music video of "Hey Mama" by EDM (Electronic Dance Music) artist David Guetta, and featuring Nicki Minaj, Bebe Rexha and Afrojack, I noticed at the 0:48 mark there's a flag resembling a US flag (featuring an anchor within 13 stars in a circle) very similar to the U.S. Betsy Ross flag that I didn't recognize. The video was directed by Hannah Lux Davis and released on May 19, 2015, according to this Wikipedia article.
Esteban Rivera, 3 January 2016
I think that is just be the reverse side of a US Yacht Ensign. As to why this particular flag is used in this video is unclear to me.
Pete Loeser, 3 January 2016
16-3. US Protest Flags in Oregon Tentative ID
Image from Pete Loeser, 4 January 2016
While watching the CNN report on the protestors occupying a Federal building in the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in Oregon, the footage also showed a group of supporters protesting in Burns, Oregon. I spotted three flags on a flag pole. The one in the middle is one I didn't recognize and unfortunately it was very hard to see. Maybe somebody else got a better look at it?
In the photo that you attached, it looks to me like: Top - Gadsden flag, Middle - Iowa state flag, and Bottom - III Percent flag. What do you think?
Randy Young, 7 January 2016
I think you may be correct about it being the Iowa Flag, but I wonder what the heck it is doing there? Out-of-town visitors?
16-4. Kosovar Protest Flag (Kosovo) Positive ID
Now located at a permanent location as a Kosovar Protest Flag.
16-5. UFE at Western Samoa Independence Ceremony Some Speculation
Screenshot from Jens Pattke, 5 January 2016
In a YouTube video of the Western Samoa Independence Ceremony, New Year's Day 1962, at 3 minutes 12 to 15 seconds there appears a flag which bears striking semblance to several historic German flags, particularly the Third Reich Kriegsflagge. What is it - I presume it is the flag of a church youth group? Could the design be influenced by the "Second" Reich Kriegsflagge, due to the fact that Samoa was a German colony from 1900 to 1914?
Miles Li, 5 January 2016
Or perhaps the flag of the Germany Colonial Society - based on the star pattern that seems to be on the flag.
16-6. Unknown Shipping Line Flag Positive ID
Images from Marc L. Hendon Sr., 9 January 2016
Recently I acquired a cup with this flag. I have searched and cannot find it. I think it is a shipping Line, but not sure from what country?
Marc L. Hendon Sr., 9 January 2016
The red flag with three white stars is the rank flag of a lieutenant general, and the hourglass-like symbol with the Roman numeral I is the patch for the South Korean Army's I Corps, which is commanded by a lieutenant general. Interestingly, the rank flag is for a US Army lieutenant general, not a South Korean. Also, the maker's mark on the cup - Mokpo China - points to South Korea as Mokpo is a city in southwestern South Korea.
Randy Young, 16 January 2016
16-7. Unknown Flag on RV Positive ID
Image from Pete Loeser, 18 January 2016
While staying at a RV Park in Pismo Beach, California, I noticed this green flag flying from a RV underneath a blue Seattle Seahawks Flag (American Football Team). It had the words "KEEP CALM AND CHIVE ON" written in block grey letters under a crown. The owner left before I could ask what it was. Obviously a play on the "Keep Calm and Carry On" British slogan from World War II, but any ideas? It looked a bit "punn-ish" to me.
Pete Loeser, 18 January 2016
This flag is related to the Chive website. Apparently, there are numerous items with this slogan.
Rick Wyatt, 18 January 2016
Apparently social media has left me behind once again. Not only does the flag I posted exist, there are others. See this second flag. You can see it flying at Chive Nation or at their shop and on their FaceBook page. I understand it is also on Twitter, what can one say. Now if I only understood what it was? It appears somebody is making a lot of money once again; everybody have your T-Shirt yet?
Further research has discovered that The Chive is a photo-entertainment website independently owned and operated by Resignation Media. Two brothers, John and Leo Resig, launched Registration Media in November of 2008. The Chive name was born from combining the names of the two cities in which the brothers lived. Leo lived in Chicago (CHI) and John was lived in Venice Beach, California (VE). They went on to create additional entertainment websites, all of which are staffed and managed by members of the Resig family. The headquarters for Resignation Media, the parent company of The Chive, is located in Austin, Texas.
The Chive has been responsible for a series of embarrassing internet hoaxes that were later reported as true stories by some mainstream media outlets. On the plus side, The Chive is also responsible for Chive Charities, in which they raise awareness and funds for specific individuals in need of assistance. They have donated to veterans, children with birth defects, shooting victims, fire departments, rescue squads, and many others in need. The community of people who regularly visit the Chive, known as Chivers, have donated over $100,000 to several causes within hours. (Source: Wikipedia)
Images from António Martins-Tuválkin, 30 January 2016
Both flags redrawn to standards based on Pete's image and from the Keep Calm and Posters website with only slight cleanup and adjustment of color shades involved. As said, there are other flag versions of the Keep Calm theme, and also other themes, one including the likeness of Bill Murray. Mostly these seem to be mainly white lettering and iconography on plain backgrounds - green or black.
António Martins-Tuválkin, 30 January 2016
16-8. Unusual flag spotted in London Positive ID
Images from Martin Dix, 26 January 2016
Here is an image of an unusual flag I thought might be of interest to you. It was spotted in Fleet Street in London on Sunday, 24 January. It was on a building with no obvious plaques or notices indicating what it might be for although there is a religious book shop of the "Protestant Truth Society" on the ground floor. As you can probably see, it is three black stripes on a red background. I have been along this road in the past but have never seen this before.
Martin Dix, 26 January 2016
Perhaps an AC Milan Fan?
Marc Pasquin, 29 January 2016
Image by Mallefotz, 28 February 2014
The background looks orange, rather than red, to me. Reminds me of the Saint George's Ribbon [often used by pro-Russian protestors in Ukraine] which has been reported earlier. However, that flag seems unlikely to appear in the said location.
Tomislav Todorovic, 29 January 2016
Image by Ivan Sache, 14 December 1999
Or perhaps the Canterbury (NZ) rugby team? Or Manchester City (though it's their reserve strip, so less likely)? Any number of top sports teams have red and black stripes. It's also the city flag of Kihelkonna in Estonia. [Note: Dieter Mayr also reported the similarity of this flag to that of the Estonian municipality of Kikelkonna, but couldn't see any connection to London - Ed]
James Dignan, 30 January 2016
This flag is identified in Flagmaster, Issue 156, on page 5. To quote them: "A red and black flag flies from the London office of DC Thomson in Fleet Street. The Dundee-based publisher is responsible for a range of titles, including The Beano, whose front cover has been graced since the 1970s by the red-and-black jumper wearing Dennis the Menace and his canine sidekick Gnasher."
Pete Loeser, 22 July 2016
16-9. Russlanddeutsche Flagge Positive ID
#16a Image from David Alexandrow, 13 February 2016
I wollte Fragen ob sie diese Variante der Russlanddeutschen Flagge die sich zurzeit in den Sozialen Netzwerken verbreitet in das flaggenlexikon oder den fahnenversand aufzunehmen damit die Flagge sich weiterverbreitet. [Loose English translation: "I wanted to ask whether this variant of a Russian-German flag, whose existence is currently spreading in the Flags Lexicon social network, is real so it can spreads further." ???]
David Alexandrow, 13 February 2016
If I have understood right, the contributor wants to know, whether the flag is really a flag of Germans in Russia or just a mere fantasy.
Klaus-Michael Schneider, 15 February 2016
[A better translation would be] "I wanted to ask whether you will include this version of the Russian Germans' flag which currently is spreading through the social network in the flag encyclopedia or the fahnenversand.de [one of our mirror hosts] so the flag can continue to spread...".
The best that can be said of this flag is apparently that it is spreading through the social network. That claim sounds to me like the wishful thinking of others who wanted their own flag included. I expect the answer to the original poster ought to be that we won't include it in FOTW at the moment. The answer to the question raised by Klaus-Michael would probably be that it is a fantasy. But if someone knows more ...
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 15 February 2016
Looking like an unofficial project made for the social network [to the question "Do Germans from Russia have a flag?" by providing a fantasy design for a flag.]
Victor Lomantsov, 15 February 2016
#16b #16c #16d
Image #16b from Der Tagesspiegel, 16 February 2016 - Images #16c and #16d by Jens Pattke, 9 April 2014
In the Anti-Islam and Pegida Demonstrations, the Russian-Germans used a flag version that is combined from the German and Russian flags (#16b). This flag is unofficial.
A black-yellow-white flag (#16c) with a coat-of-arms featuring a corn ear is that of the Territorial Association of the Germans from Russia. It is considered the official organisation of "Germans from Russia"in Germany. Another similar flag (#16d) using the German colors black-red-gold is based on the creativity of flag manufacturers; completely unofficial but used.
As for the flag (16a) with the double-headed eagle, is a completely imaginary. Germans from "Russia" or Wolgadeutsche, normally use the flags of their original birth countries: Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan or Uzbekistan.
Jens Pattke, 15 February 2016
16-10. Strange Hungarian Flags Positive ID
The unidentified flags were those of the Hungarian Garlic Front.
16-11. Unidentified World War II Era Flag Positive ID
Obverse side Reverse side
Images from David Green, 4 March 2016
Could you help me identify this flag. It was brought back from a soldier during the World War II era. It's two sided and has the letters A W G on the side with the bird or dragon. Not sure exactly what it is. Any help is appreciated.
David Green, 4 March 2016
The flag might be related in some way to South Ossetia or North Ossetia (Georgia). Not sure if there is any evidence of it being used by any groups back then.
Marc Pasquin, 4 March 2016
The colours of Ossetia was designed in 1980s. The flags did not exist in World War II
Victor Lomantsov, 4 March 2016
Any idea where the man fought, his units, details like that?
I finally found out what the flag was after a lot of research. It is an old flag from the German youth group before the Nazi regime took it over before World War II. It is called Wandervogel. It predates the war because it does not display any of the symbols used by them.
David Green, 1 April 2016
I agree it's similar to a Wandervogel flag, but I haven't encountered this specific emblem yet. I also don't know about the three colour side as yet.
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 9 April 2016
Basic information about Wandervogel movement can be found here, more details here in German. In the German version it says that Alt-Wandervogel (AWV) existed from 1904 until 1926. It had been a local movement, founded in Berlin-Steglitz, but developed to more than 300 local groups. It was finally absorbed by NS-organization HJ. If we change obverse and reverse and flip the tricolour vertically, we have a tricolour matching the city flag of Münster (with yellow on top). We might assume, AWG (which I can't see in our photo) means a local Group of AWV. If so, the logo of the organization would be on the obverse and the local colours (Münster in this case) would be on the reverse.
Thus in my opinion we have not yet positively identified that flag. Especially as the bird doesn't match that one displayed in WIKIPEDIA.
Klaus-Michael Schneider, 29 October 2016
Indeed as David Green mentions, it shows indeed the logo of one of the Wandervogel organizations. "Wandervogel is the name adopted by a popular movement of German youth groups from 1896 onward. The name can be translated as rambling, hiking, or wandering bird (differing in meaning from Zugvogel or migratory bird) and the ethos is to shake off the restrictions of society and get back to nature and freedom. Soon the groups split and there originated ever more organisations, which still all called themselves Wandervogel, but were organizationally independent. Nonetheless the feeling was still of being a common movement, but split into several branches.
The Wandervogel movement was officially established on 4 November 1901 by Herman Hoffmann Fölkersamb, who in 1895 had formed a study circle at the boys' Berlin-Steglitz grammar school where he was teaching. The Wandervogel soon became the pre-eminent German youth movement. It was a back-to-nature youth organization emphasizing on freedom, self-responsibility, and the spirit of adventure as well as other hobbies, and took a nationalistic approach, stressing Germany's Teutonic roots.
After World War I, the leaders returned disillusioned from the war. The same was true for leaders of German Scouting. So both movements started to influence each other heavily in Germany. From the Wandervogel came a stronger culture of hiking, adventure, bigger tours to farther places, romanticism and a younger leadership structure and physical fitness. Scouting brought uniforms, flags, more organization, more camps, and a clearer ideology.
The Wandervogel movement was re-founded after World War II and exists in Germany to this day with around 5,000 members in many different associations, as well as in neighboring countries." (Source#1) (Source#2)
#11a #11b
Images from Esteban Rivera, 1 April 2016
Here are examples of some of these organizations' flags and pennants:
Nerother Wandervogel - NWV (Image #11a).
Wandervogel Pennant (image #11b).
For additional information go to Wandervogel (official website that encompasses the current Wandervogel version and gathers several of these associations within Germany and one in Austria.
Esteban Rivera, 1 April 2016
Image from Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 8 April 2017
As it happens, after weeks of uninteresting hits, if any, Catawiki have now sent me another one worth sharing: This NSB yearbook 1942 has a page showing these flags:
Nationale vlag (national flag). The printing and scanning together have not been kind to the orange colour, but it can be seen to differ from the red in the movement flag)
Vlag der Beweging (flag of the Movement)
Vlag der W.A. (flag of the W.A. - the "Weer-Afdeelingen" - storm divisions)
Vlag der Nederlandse SS (Flag of the Dutch SS)
Vlag van den Jeugdstorm (Flag of the Youth Storm)
I don't have the time right now; does anyone want to pursue this further?
Detail by UFE Editor, 8 April 2017
Very nice find. The interesting new item from that image is that of the Nationale Jeugdstorm (NJS), usually refered to as simply Jeugdstorm (bottom right flag). The flyings seagull is very similar to other Wandervogel movements of the era. It is also considered a scouting-inspired youth organization.
It was officially "established on May 1, 1934 by Cornelis van Geelkerken and ceased existence in 1945 with the end of WWII. Membership was for boys and girls aged between 10 and 17 years". (source)
Here are pictures and video of the actual flag :
Photo #1 from 1938 (source)
Photo #2 (source)
Here's a video that shows the flag (also shot in 1938)
They also had a pennant (seen here) and (source) described as "Screen-printed in orange and steel blue inks on white cotton, hoist sleeve in white rayon with a 630 mm long string fed through the sleeve, each end of the string tied in a knot, reinforced stitching along all three edges, 137 mm x 285 mm". There's also a vertical pennant. (source)
[Currently a discussion is being held among the Dutch, South West African, and German editors as to where this and similar flags and information should reside. If indeed it is a flag of the "Dutch Youth Storm", is it German or Dutch? Was it another scouting organization incorporated into Hitler Youth, or a independent organization? Should it be included under German Scouting or under Nazi HJ as is the South West African Colonial Pathfinders, etc.? - Ed.]
In all this speculation on this flag, I don't think anybody has stated the obvious, the front (obverse) side of the flag is that of the German City of Iserlohn in North Rhine-Westphalia. If the reverse side is, in fact, a flag of the Youth Storm, then it would indicate the troop was from Iserlohn wouldn't it?
Pete Loeser, 22 April 2017
16-12. Unknown Shiite Militia Flag Positive ID
This flag has been identified as one of the The League of the Righteous and moved.
16-13. Panamanian Political flag Some Speculation
Image from Esteban Rivera, 14 March 2016
In this picture one can see a sky blue flag at the end of the row of a total six flags. If the National Assembly currently has five political parties, does anybody know the sky blue flag at the end of the above mentioned picture, to what party does it belong to, or what it stands for?
The same flag can be seen: Source here (image here) - First flag from left to right). On the electoral ballot (source here) for Presidential Elections of 2014 we can see that candidate number 7 is labeled as Libre postulación (Independent) and has the sky blue color assigned, and that other independent candidates (#8 and #9) also have a color to be distinguished from the other candidates, but that is no official movement nor political party.
Is this common practice to denote an independent candidate with a color and issue a flag, or that is just mere coincidence?
Esteban Rivera, 14 March 2016
I think I remember reading somewhere that the Electoral Tribunal (TE) of Panama represents independent, or free applicant candidates (Libre Postulación), who are running in an election by using a plain undecorated flag like that sky blue one. I'd guess for other independent candidates they'd use other colors. If I'm not mistaken they had three independent candidates running in the last general election for President (Esteban Rodríguez, Juan Jované and Gerardo Barroso) and perhaps they were assigned the same color? Hopefully somebody can verify this (only an "educated guess" or hypothesis, right now) for us.
Pete Loeser, 18 March 2016
16-14. Greek UFE 1949 Positive ID
Now identified as the Flag of the Greek Democratic Army as shown on a stamp.
16-15. Unidentified Flags on Tea Cup Some Speculation
Image from Kathy and Lynn Dale Touchtone, 16 March 2016
We have a cup with two flags on it and we have been unable to locate either of these flags. We would appreciate your knowledge again if you can identify either one.
Kathy and Lynn Dale Touchtone, 16 March 2016
Just a remark: The flag on the left is like the (unidentified) one posted as UFE10-30 - "Flag on a Zippo Lighter", but with reversed colours.
Jeroen van Leeuwen, 29 March 2016
Image from Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 11 April 2019
I finally realised what was wrong: It's Sarasota Yacht Club, but with all the white depicted as separation. Apparently, the person decorating the lighter didn't realise part of the white was not just separating blue and red, but more importantly formed the white "S". UFE10-30 has the colours correct, with blue in top.
The style of two crossed pennants will usually display a burgee of a club and a private signal for one of its members. With the Sarasota as the club, the other flag would normally be the private signal of a member of the club, with the cup being part of the inventory of the member's yacht.
Your quest then becomes finding specifically the one owner that used that one flag. As your information for locating the owner you have: The distinguishing signal, the letters formed by the flag lines, anything information printed on the cup, the club's register, if they keep one, and overviews of distinguishing signals like the Lloyd's Register of American Yachts.
The manufacturer of the cup - and the style of the cup - would give you an era for the cup. In general, that's end 19th century and 1st half 20th century, but manufacturers didn't usually last that long. Knowing the approximate age would allow a more specific search. Still, your best chance, especially with a more limited era, would be the club's member register, if their archives include such information.
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 11 April 2019
16-16. Egyptian Sultanic Standard? Some Speculation
original detail
Images from mabdelr, 20 March 2016
I found a photo on Facebook page for Egyptian history enthusiasts. It shows the palace of Sultana Melek, consort of Sultan Hussien Kamel of Egypt (ruled 1914 - 1917). Flying atop the palace is the "national" flag of the Egyptian sultanate at the time, (Red, with three crescents each with a star, in white) with what appears to be a crown in the canton. According to the caption, the photo is from 1915. I have never seen this flag before, but if it is indeed a royal standard of some sort, it would be the direct inspiration for the later royal standard on land, which was also the national flag with a crown in the canton. Attached are the original photograph, and a detail showing the flag.
mabdelr, 20 March 2016
I couldn't help but notice the relationship between this flag and that of UFE08-17 "Three White Crescents on Green Field" first posted by David Kendall on 11 September 2008. At least it gives us a hint on the colors of the flag.
Ah, yes, about that other one: It's never mentioned in the film, The Wind and the Lion, but the shots it is in are usually shots of Raisuli and his people. Either he is in the scene, often with the flag flown by the rider next to him, or it flies over their location. The one exception is when it is flown during an attack to free Raisuli. Does that make it a flag for Raisuli, his followers, his family? I don't know, but it's certainly a flag of status in the film, more than a flag that just happens to be present in one scene.
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 26 March 2016
16-17. US Minuteman flag with Three Stars Positive ID
Image from Fred Schwan, 21 March 2016
My area of interest and specialty is World War II. In particular right now I am working on US Treasury Minuteman flags and Army-Navy E award banners/flags. I just purchased this Minuteman flag on e-Bay that I cannot find among the many great images that you have in a section on these flags. The one that I bought has three stars at the lower right corner. Two are gold one white. I suspect that this flag is for the the 11th year of qualifying for the Minuteman flag. I would like confirmation of this idea or contradictory or supplemental information.
Fred Schwan, 21 March 2016
Image from Zachary Harden, 22 March 2016
This is the closest that I can find. Each gold star is for 5 consecutive years of Bond sales by at least 50% of employees participating, the white star is for 1 year of at least 50% of employees participating. (Source: US Militaria Forum.)
Zachary Harden, 22 March 2016
[On our US Savings Bond page,] we have the charge slightly larger, and the stars all upright. We might want to check those details with other ""Minuteman flags"; they could e.g. be specific for a specific period of time, but it does look like it's the same basic design. For the stars: we have one and below it we have five. As "The size and placement of the star varies.", the flag from Ebay would fit the pattern.
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text:
Q: How can i make a easy op amp circuit? I wanna make a easy 2~5watts speaker.
- use op amp (don't use audio amp)
here's circuit i made.
and i can't solve the error...
how can i make a easier one? I really need your help!

A: Distortion is determined by output current and crossover glitch.
Understand the differences between your circuit and this one. You may reduce supply voltage and use your TIPxx on outputs and bias input to single supply to V+/2 with more caps or use split supply.

Here I have added pointers to DC bias , internal compensation 1st order filter (integrator) for stability in closed loop gain like Op Amp with R ratios.
The output Vbe drops on 3 transistors is compensated by 2 diodes and a controlled current on 2.2K to eliminate crossover .  The 2 NPN's only amplify the positive wave, while the PNP amplifies the -ve wave, with the bottom right 2N3055 to make a better PNP Darlington.

this next one has less performance but simpler and values are critical.

A: A design like this probably starts with your description of the required output power. This determines your voltage rails and current requirements. Start here:
$$ V_{pk} = \sqrt{2 P R}$$
From this, and your \$2\:\textrm{W}\$ to \$5\:\textrm{W}\$ specification added to the apparent \$8\:\Omega\$ requirement for your speaker, I find that \$V_{pk} = 5.7\:\textrm{V}\$ @ \$708\:\textrm{mA}\$ to \$V_{pk} = 9\:\textrm{V}\$ @ \$1120\:\textrm{mA}\$. To keep the power BJTs out of saturation, you'll need to add about \$1\:\textrm{V}\$ to each rail.
Since 16 VAC CT transformers are pretty common, and since you didn't specify that much here, that's what I'd go for. You'd need to find one rated for \$1.4\:\textrm{A}\$ (a 1.6 derating multiplier because of the peak currents required) or something around \$25\:\textrm{VA}\$ or better. You should be able to achieve \$7\:\textrm{V}\$ @ \$900\:\textrm{mA}\$ into your load with the rail voltage being a minimum of \$8\:\textrm{V}\$. With a filter capacitor of \$4700\:\mu\textrm{F}\$ the ripple will be about \$1\:\textrm{V}\$ above that minimum. In short, the rail would vary from \$8\:\textrm{V}\$ to \$9\:\textrm{V}\$ under a full average load of \$900\:\textrm{mA}\$. Peak currents through the bridge rectifier diodes will be about \$6\:\textrm{A}\$, so make sure you get a bridge capable of that.
(This is probably over-kill, since the average current load with a real signal will be less. I estimated the above with a constant DC load current. The RMS load current will be less and you could probably get by using 12.6 VAC CT. But this guarantees that you can drive and hold the output per specs without getting into the input signal details.)
So now you have enough to make some decisions about a transformer (12.6 VAC CT or 16 VAC CT), a bridge rectifier, and a filter capacitor. And you now have a basic linear power supply and an idea of what kind of rails you are dealing with. You could squander more money on a bigger filter capacitor. But since I computed things based upon a constant DC load and the RMS current will be less, anyway, the ripple will be pretty low in practice. But you could add some nice regulators for the (+) and (-) side. And, at least, you'd have an idea about how to select those. You may need to raise the rails still more, though, to cover the drops required by your regulators.
Let's assume a 12.6 VAC CT transformer rated at \$\ge 13\:\textrm{VA}\$ (\$I_{pk}=900\:\textrm{mA}\$.) This should easily sustain \$\pm 8\:\textrm{V}\$ at the two rails and gives you a power rating of \$3\:\textrm{W}\$. Those transformers are easily found, too. So this is good.
Hmm. Seems like we haven't even gotten to the amplifier, yet. But that's because it's important to have an idea of what your supply rails will look like. So you look at your voltage requirements, add some headroom for your output driver BJTs, and massage the numbers around a bit. You don't just slap on some HUGE power supply rails, if you don't need them. So you really do need to start with specifying and detailing out your power supply design first. The rest will follow.
There are a number of output topologies to go for. But let's stay with the one you picked, using the TIP31 and TIP32 BJTs. They come in different \$V_{CEO}\$ ratings. But all of them will work in this case. So let's just use that.
Now, let's assume you have two rails: \$\pm 8\:\textrm{V}\$. Plus ground, of course. Walk me through a design of just your output stage alone. This should be relatively easy to do. Explain all of the details you are thinking about in laying it out and refer to the datasheet for the TIP31 and TIP32 as you go, as well. Work out how you will avoid cross-over distortion, how you will estimate and deal with power dissipation, how you will compensate for variability in \$V_{BE}\$ over temperature, etc.
Keep in mind this is just the two output BJTs and a very basic walk through of your thinking here. This will help a great deal in working out the rest.
Once you do that, I think others can comment on that part. The other thing you need to do is to work out the 1st stage, as well. Do you use a long-tailed pair? (Not a bad idea.) But again, how do you design it? What trade-offs are you making, and why? You also need to worry about your global negative feedback network. How do you design that and why do you make the choices you make? And how to do you design the intermediate VAS, which translates between the 1st input stage and your 3rd output stage? What considerations are you making here, too?
The gist of all this is that all you've done is slap out a design that can't work, as shown. And you admit it has problems. But you've said nothing at all about what you were thinking in producing it. Did you just copy it from somewhere? Is this a Frankenstein schematic that is some patched together composite, where you understood little about your stitching of things together?
You should probably break your question up into individual parts. Start with your thinking about the power supply design. Make that a single question, work through the details leading up to a complete design and ask for input. Then do the same for your output stage. Then do the same for your input stage. Then do the same for the VAS stage. Then, you may be able to pull all that together into a coherent final question, which now includes your global negative feedback as well, that puts all of these pieces together and asks if you got that right, as well.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Browse: Home / Why And How Should You Hire A Chief Customer Success Officer?
For an ISV (Independent Software Vendor) it is everyone's job to ensure customer success but it is no one person's job. This is changing. I see more and more companies realizing this challenge and want to do something about it.
Sales is interested in maintaining relationship with customers for revenue purposes and support works with customers in case of product issues and escalations. Product teams behave more like silos when they approach their customers because of their restricted scope and vision. Most chief technology officers are fairly technical and internal facing. Most of them also lack the business context—empathy for true business challenges—of their customers. They are quite passionate about what they do but they invariably end up spending a lot of time in making key product and technical decisions for the company losing sight of much bigger issues that customers might be facing. Most chief strategy officers focus on company's vision as well as strategy across lines of businesses but while they have strong business acumen they are not customer-centric and lack technical as well as product leadership to understand deep underlying systemic issues.
Traditional ways to measure customer success is through product adoption, customer churn, and customer acquisition but the role of a Chief Customer Success Officer (CCO) extends way beyond that. One of the best ways to watch early signs of market shift is to very closely watch your progressive customers. Working with these customers and watching them will also help you find ways to improve existing product portfolio and add new products, organically or through acquisitions. Participating in sales cycles will help you better understand the competition, pricing points, and most importantly readiness of your field to execute on your sales strategy.
T-shaped: Customer don't neatly fall into your one line of business and so is your CCO. You are looking for someone who has broad exposure and experince across different functions through his or her previous roles and deep expertise in one domain. The CCO would work across LoBs to ensure customers are getting what they want and help you build a sustainable business. Most T-shaped people I have worked with are fast-learners. They very quickly understand continuously changing business, frame their point of view, and execute by collaborating with people across the organization (the horizontal part of T) due to their past experience and exposure in having worked with/for other functions.
Most likely, someone who has had a spectacular but unusual career path and makes you think, "what role does this person really fit in?" would be the the right person. Another clue: many "general managers" are on this career track.
Your CCO should have a business-first mindset with deep expertise in technology to balance what's viable with what's feasible. You can start anywhere but I would recommend to focus your search on people who have product as well as strategy background. I believe unless you have managed a product—development, management, or strategy—you can't really have empathy for what it makes to build something and have customers to use it and complain about it when it doesn't work for them.
Global: Turns out the world is not flat. Each geographic region is quite different with regards to aptitude and ability of customers to take risk and adopt innovation. Region-specific localization—product, go-to-market, and sales—strategy that factors in local competition and economic climate is crucial for global success of an ISV. The CCO absolutely has to understand intricacies associated with these regions: how they move at different speed, cultural aspects of embracing and adopting innovation, and local competition. The person needs to have exposure and experience across regions and across industries. You do have regional experts and local management but looking across regions to identify trends, opportunities, and pace of innovation by working with customers and help inform overall product, go-to-market, and sales strategy is quite an important role that a CCO will play.
Outsider: Last but not least, I would suggest you to look outside instead of finding someone internally. Hiring someone with a fresh outside-in perspective is crucuial for this role. Thrive for hiring someone who understands the broader market – players, competition, and ecosystem. This is a trait typically found in some leading industry analysts but you are looking for a product person with that level of thought leadership and background without an analyst title.
About the photo: This is a picture of an Everest base camp in Tibet, taken by Joseph Younis. I think of success as a progressive realization of a worthwhile goal.