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MotionPicturesComics.com by Josh Edelglass
The Top 10 Episodes of TV in 2012 -- Part One!
The Top 15 Movies of 2012 -- Part One!
An Evening with Kevin Smith at the House of Blues in Boston!
Great Scott!! Josh is Blown Away by the 25th Anniversary Screening...
Josh Enjoys Rifftrax Live: Reefer Madness!
Josh Enjoys Two Sweet New Classic Soundtrack Releases: Back to...
Josh Reviews the novel 2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke!
Lost: The Questions I Need Answered in the Final Season -- Part...
Martin Wagner, Kevin Smith, Alan Moore, David Lapham, Grant Morrison,...
Camp Ramah Gets Lost!
Death in the Shadow of New Life — Josh reviews J.J. Abrams'...
The Twenty Greatest Episodes of Star Trek
"Sorry, we're closed" -- Josh's Favorite TV Series Finales!
Han Shoots First! Josh is astounded by Adywan's Fan-Edit of...
"He was Some Kind of a Man" -- An Orson Welles Double Feature
Third Prize is You're Fired: The Films of David Mamet
Adventures in Hollywood!
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The Top Fifteen Episodes of TV in 2015 — Part One!
Best of 2015 lists, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, David Simon, Louie, Louis C.K., Oscar Isaac, Robot Chicken, Star Wars, Star Wars Rebels, The Jinx, TV Show Reviews
Last week I listed by Top Twenty Movies of 2015. (Click here for part one of my list, numbers twenty through sixteen. Click here for part two of my list, numbers fifteen through eleven. Click here for part three of my list, numbers ten through six. Click here for part four of my list, numbers five through one.)
Now I am excited to look back all of the great TV we were blessed with in 2015. This was a tremendous year for TV. I watched a LOT of great TV. And yet, as always, there was a lot of great TV that I didn't get to. More than ever, it felt like! Our current age of "Peak TV" (click here if you don't know what I'm talking about) is a blessing and a curse. 2015 TV series that I didn't have time to watch include: Fargo season two, Better Caul Saul season one, The Americans season three (I'm still catching up with season two, only a few episodes to go), Transparent, Justified, The Man in the High Castle, Review, Documentary Now!, Halt and Catch Fire, The Leftovers, Red Oaks, Silicon Valley, The Knick, The Last Man on Earth, Inside Amy Schumer, Broad City, and more. That's a lot of amazing TV that I didn't get to see! All of those are shows that I hope to catch up with, one of these days.
But enough lamenting the TV I didn't get to watch. Let's bask in the glow of my Fifteen Favorite Episodes of TV in 2015!
Honorable Mention: Robot Chicken DC Comics Special 3: Magical Friendship (aired on 10/8/15) — I've loved Robot Chicken's two previous DC Comics specials and his third one did not disappoint. While there are several of the expected random skits, this special has a more distinct than usual for Robot Chicken story that carries through the episode, a focus on the very funny friendship/rivalry between Batman and Superman that was introduced in the previous two specials. Robot Chicken co-creators and show-runners Breckin Meyer and Seth Green voice Superman and Batman, respectively, and they are magnificent. In this installment, Superman and Batman's escalating rivalry builds to a spot-on spoof of DC's regular "Crisis" events, one that allows the Robot Chicken gang to jam in all sorts of wonderfully obscure jokes and references, including great appearances by the Batman and Robin of the 1960's TV show, with both Adam West and Burt Ward reprising their roles. Great fun.
15. Show Me a Hero: "Parts 1 & 2" (aired on 8/16/15) –– The Wire's David Simon returned to TV with this gripping miniseries, telling the story of the fight to desegregate Yonkers from 1987-1994. Oscar Isaac delivers a devastating performance as the young mayor, Nick Wasicsko, caught in the middle of the political firestorm. I found this entire six-part miniseries absolutely gripping from start-to-finish and I had a hard time choosing which episode to highlight. I settled on the first two-hour block, because of the wonderful way that it was able to introduce all of the different characters in this sprawling yet intimate epic. This is an important American story, exceedingly well-told. (Click here for my full review of Show Me a Hero.)
14. Brooklyn 99: "Boyle-Linetti Wedding" (season 2, episode 17, aired on 3/1/15) — There were a lot of great episodes of Brooklyn 99 in the back half of its second season and the first half of its third and it was very hard to pick a favorite, but for me this was a stand-out, primarily for the fun to be had from the addition of Stephen Root (brilliantly cast Charles' father) to the ensemble. In this episode, Charles' dad and Gina's mom get married, an awkward event considering that Charles and Gina had themselves recently hooked up. (Charles: "To think this started with us just going to town on each other's sexy parts!" Gina: "Charles, promise me that is not in your toast!") Meanwhile, Jake helps Amy track down her counterfeiting nemesis, an effort that distracts from Jake's efforts to woo the girl, Jenny Gildenhorn, who spurned him at his Bar Mitzvah. Every member of the Brooklyn 99 team gets a great moment in this episode. Rosa is nervous about inviting her boyfriend Marcus to the wedding ("I've only said I love you to three people and one of those I regret") while Captain Holt gets tasked with officiating the ceremony after the priest drops out and Terry gets too emotional (leading to Andre Braugher's magnificently deadpan delivery of the line: "I am good at… emotion"). Even Scully gets a moment in the sun, singing "Don't You Forget About Me" to stall the wedding guests. Stephen Root is predictably magnificent as Charles' father Lynn (whether admitting to his five previous failed marriages, two of which were "back-to-back Catfish scenarios", or gleefully telling Gina that he's taking her mother's name, thus becoming "Lynn Linetti"), as is Sandra Bernhard as Gina's mother Darlene (Gina: "I found an extra place-setting for your psychic." Darlene: "Strange, she said you wouldn't be able to."). The episode is hilarious from start-to-finish, and it wraps up on a lovely little sweet moment between Jake and Amy. Great stuff.
13. Louie: "Sleepover" (season 5, episode 6, aired on 5/14/15) — One of my favorite aspects of Louis C.K.'s show Louie is the way that Mr. C.K. is able to create wonderfully inventive, unique situations that he then plays out to the fullest. "Sleepover" is a great example of this. It starts with a great hook: Louie's having to host a birthday party sleepover for his daughter Jane's friends. The idea of Louie trapped in an apartment with a bunch of hyper tween girls is a brilliant premise and fodder for a lot of great humor. But the episode takes a left-hand turn into genius-land when Louie gets a call from his brother, who needs Louie to come bail him out of jail. Unwilling to either let his brother sit in jail for the night, or to leave Jane and all her friends alone in the apartment, Louie decides to take the whole group of girls with him down to the police department. Watching the escalating chaos that unfolds was glorious. (Click here for my full review of Louie season five.)
12. Star Wars Rebels: "The Siege of Lothal" (season 2, episode 1, aired on 6/20/15) — The first season of the animated Star Wars Rebels, set about five years before the events of the original Star Wars, was entertaining; good if not great. But the show took a giant leap forward with its second-season premiere, in which Darth Vader becomes personally involved in the hunt for the show's rebel characters. The depiction of Vader (voiced by James Earl Jones himself!!) is absolutely amazing, just one-hundred-percent perfect. This is the top-of-his-game, evil and terrifying Vader we haven't truly seen since The Empire Strikes Back in 1980. The Vader in this episode is merciless and cruel, willing to massacre a village in order to draw the rebels out, and unstoppable with the Force, whether dueling with his lightsaber or lifting a fiery crashed Imperial Walker up into the air. It's joyous to behold. This episode is also wonderful for giving fans a bit of payoff to the relationship between Anakin Skywalker and his padawan Ahsoka, who were the main characters of the animated Clone Wars show. Ever since Ahsoka was first introduced, fans wondered what her ultimate fate would be, seeing as how we knew the Jedi were all wiped out in Episode III. We'd learned in the season one finale of Rebels that Ahsoka had survived, but it's not until this episode that we got the really juicy moment in which Ahsoka discovers that the murderous Darth Vader is in fact her former master Anakin Skywalker. It was a phenomenal moment, perfectly executed. (Click here for my full review of "The Siege of Lothal.")
11. The Jinx: The Life and Deaths of Robert Durst: "Chapter 6: What the Hell Did I Do?" (episode 6, aired on 3/15/15) — The Jinx tells the story of Robert Durst, the wealthy man who has been a suspect in three separate murders going back to 1982. As director Andrew Jarecki and his team peels back the layers of Mr. Durst's story over the course of this six-episode miniseries, the result is a riveting true-crime story. But what elevates The Jinx even beyond that is the willing participation of Robert Durst himself. Back in 2010, Andrew Jarecki had directed a movie, All Good Things, that retold the story of the murder of Mr. Durst's first wife. After seeing the film, Mr. Durst contacted Mr. Jarecki and agreed to sit down for a series of interviews so that he could tell his own story, and thus the project that became The Jinx began. The entire mini-series is phenomenal, but it's the finale, "What the Hell Did I Do?" that gives us a moment unlike any that I have ever seen before on television. Following the discovery of an incredible new piece of evidence that seems to be a "smoking gun" implicating Mr. Durst in one of the murders — which in itself would have been an incredible twist and climax to this story — we get to see Mr. Jarecki confront Mr. Durst with the information, live and on camera. That ALSO would have been an incredible climax to this story! But things go beyond that as, following the interview, Mr. Durst walks into the bathroom and starts talking to himself, not realizing that his mic is still live and he is being recorded. What happens next is, well… if you haven't been spoiled already by all the news this episode made, then I don't want to say anything more, beyond the fact that my jaw was on the floor.
I hope you'll join me back here on Wednesday for numbers ten through six!


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Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent to Form Telecom Powerhouse
J. Sharpe Smith —
April 16, 2015 — Nokia announced its plans this week to buy Alcatel-Lucent in a stock transaction valued $16.6 billion, creating the second largest telecom manufacturer behind Ericsson. The deal brings together complementary product portfolios, including fixed and mobile broadband, IP routing, core networks, cloud applications and services. The combination will have particular strength in the United States, China, Europe and Asia-Pacific.
"There are a lot of complementary aspects to the companies. The combined company will be within 2 or 3 percent of the market cap of Ericsson, but won't have the revenue," Ted Abrams, telecom consultant, said. "The sought after prize is to be the number one telecom manufacturer. It is exciting and healthy for the U.S. market to have a viable number two contender."
Nokia/Alcatel-Lucent will need to provide managed network services for the wireless carrier to compete against Ericsson, which provides the managed services for Sprint, according to Abrams.
Ericsson, Huawei and Nokia dominate the LTE network infrastructure market, according to Tolaga Research. In terms of contract value, Ericsson has 26 percent, and Huawei and Nokia have 22 and 21 percent, respectively. Ericsson has lost the most market share and Huawei has gained the most in recent years, the firm said.
"With the market penetration made by Huawei, everyone in the industry has been affected. The consolidation of Nokia and Alcatel-Lucent was inevitable," Jake MacLeod, Gray Beards Consulting, said. "But the success of the merger will depend upon how it is executed."
The combined company will be positioned to create the next phase of seamless connectivity, including the Internet of Things and the transition to the cloud. Development will be accelerated for such future technologies as 5G, IP and software-defined networking, analytics, sensors and imaging.
The new company will bring together Alcatel-Lucent's Bell Labs and Nokia's FutureWorks, as well as Nokia Technologies, totaling more than 40 000 R&D employees.
"They have to make certain to take advantage of the efficiencies, avoiding duplication of responsibilities and functions. If they achieve that they will be a powerful entity," MacLeod said. "Competition is fierce. There can be a race for the bottom. That makes it tough for any entity in the industry to be profitable. So things like research and development budgets get cut."
Sofia Mogilewskaja, Analysis Mason, agreed, "For success, Nokia must do a complete acquisition and be able to perform a portfolio rationalization very fast, or it can suffer the worst pains of its former mergers."
The deal is expected to close in the first half of 2016, subject to approval by Nokia's shareholders and regulatory agencies.
Turbulent Times at Alcatel-Lucent
Alcatel-Lucent is currently in the second year of a three-year plan, known as the Shift Plan, where it sought to change from a telecom equipment generalist into a specialist provider of mobile and fixed broadband access and core networking. In 2013, the manufacturer began a reorganization into four main business lines: IP Routing & Transport, IP Platforms, Wireless and Fixed Networks.
Michel Combes was hired as CEO to replace Ben Verwaayen, who left the company after it incurred a net annual loss of $1.8 billion, down from a net profit of $1.1 billion the previous year. It was the only one of the major wireless infrastructure companies that incurred a loss. As a matter of course, Alcatel-Lucent decided to shift its assets and resources to high profit areas. Alcatel-Lucent intended to focus on FDD and TDD LTE overlay equipment, exiting from the 2G and the 3G markets.
Less than two year later, the OEM is making an even bigger shift.
Alcatel-Lucent Nokia
January 5, 2022 Ligado, Nokia Expand 4G/LTE, 5G Enterprise Private Network Collaboration
September 14, 2021 U.S. Cellular Picks Nokia 5G Standalone Core
September 13, 2021 Telecom Tech Firms Boost Green Initiatives for 5G
August 4, 2021 Nokia introduces a Military Grade Smartphone
March 11, 2021 Nokia Launches Service Enablement Platform for Open RAN

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We will be screening the Filipino American Vietnam Veterans Oral History Project the Wing's theatre on Saturday November 11th 2017 at 10:30am, in commemoration of our Vets.
In honor of Veterans Day, The Wing will be showing short films featuring Filipino American, Chinese American and Japanese American veterans throughout this day. Free with regular admission; $2 off military discount.
This 27 minute film contains excerpts from those discussions, led by Dorothy Cordova and organized by John Ragudos, a Vietnam veteran and FANHS member who was instrumental in convincing the veterans to tell their stories. Dorothy, along with her late husband Fred Cordova, founded FANHS in the 1980s.
FANHS is still thriving and capturing the histories of Filipino Americans throughout the country. Dorothy, a well known and respected historian and archivist, continues as the Executive Director and resides in Seattle. She is the author of `Filipinos in Puget Sound" (2009 – part of the Images in America series by Arcadia Publishing, Seattle: WA).


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McKennie's move to Juventus unlike past transfers
<p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)–sm Mt(0.8em)–sm" type="text" content="Weston McKennie is an unassuming sort. A military brat who lived a peripatetic childhood that led through Germany, where he first started playing soccer before returning as an 18-year-old to sign with Bundesliga juggernaut Schalke 04, rather than remain with FC Dallas of Major League Soccer, which had developed him. Certainly, he dabbles in soccer's spoils — the expensive car, the designer shoes — but he fits more neatly into the mold of fellow national team star and close friend Christian Pulisic, for whom fame and attention are unpleasant byproducts of success.» data-reactid=»17″>Weston McKennie is an unassuming sort. A military brat who lived a peripatetic childhood that led through Germany, where he first started playing soccer before returning as an 18-year-old to sign with Bundesliga juggernaut Schalke 04, rather than remain with FC Dallas of Major League Soccer, which had developed him. Certainly, he dabbles in soccer's spoils — the expensive car, the designer shoes — but he fits more neatly into the mold of fellow national team star and close friend Christian Pulisic, for whom fame and attention are unpleasant byproducts of success.
<p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)–sm Mt(0.8em)–sm" type="text" content="Now, like Pulisic, he has parlayed that teenaged move to a German club known for developing talent into a major transfer to a European superclub. Whereas Pulisic picked Schalke's archrivals Borussia Dortmund and then Premier League power Chelsea, McKennie has left Germany for nine-time reigning Italian champions Juventus, where he will be a teammate of the second-greatest player of all time, Cristiano Ronaldo.» data-reactid=»22″>Now, like Pulisic, he has parlayed that teenaged move to a German club known for developing talent into a major transfer to a European superclub. Whereas Pulisic picked Schalke's archrivals Borussia Dortmund and then Premier League power Chelsea, McKennie has left Germany for nine-time reigning Italian champions Juventus, where he will be a teammate of the second-greatest player of all time, Cristiano Ronaldo.
And like Pulisic, McKennie is breaking boundaries.

McKennie wore a white dress shirt with a visible white undershirt to his weekend presentation, although he eventually ditched the undershirt. It felt fitting for a player who, a day after his 22nd birthday, is so multifunctional in central midfield that nobody is entirely confident in what his best role is. Like a white shirt, he goes with anything.
Weston McKennie signing with Juventus is significant for American soccer on a couple of different levels. (Daniele Badolato/Juventus FC via Getty Images)

He said a few sensible and unchallenging things to the club's TV channel about "idolizing" his new teammates and all of it being "a dream come true."
<p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)–sm Mt(0.8em)–sm" type="text" content="Like the two other clubs he played for (and Wikipedia) Juventus identified McKennie's place of birth as Little Elm, Texas, in its news release, when he was, in fact, born at Fort Lewis in Washington state when his father was stationed there. He evidently isn't the kind of guy to correct such basic biographical details as the place he came from, perhaps because he didn't really come from any one place.» data-reactid=»37″>Like the two other clubs he played for (and Wikipedia) Juventus identified McKennie's place of birth as Little Elm, Texas, in its news release, when he was, in fact, born at Fort Lewis in Washington state when his father was stationed there. He evidently isn't the kind of guy to correct such basic biographical details as the place he came from, perhaps because he didn't really come from any one place.
<p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)–sm Mt(0.8em)–sm" type="text" content="But now he is going to Turin. Juventus will pay Schalke $5.3 million to loan McKennie through the 2020-21 season, whereupon it can buy him outright for $22 million with another $8.3 million in potential add-on bonuses. Per Italian soccer journalist Fabrizio Romano, the permanent purchase becomes obligatory if McKennie appears in 60 percent of Juve's matches. If he should become a regular, in other words. » data-reactid=»38″>But now he is going to Turin. Juventus will pay Schalke $5.3 million to loan McKennie through the 2020-21 season, whereupon it can buy him outright for $22 million with another $8.3 million in potential add-on bonuses. Per Italian soccer journalist Fabrizio Romano, the permanent purchase becomes obligatory if McKennie appears in 60 percent of Juve's matches. If he should become a regular, in other words.
McKennie's transfer fee doesn't catch the eye the way Pulisic's $77 million move to the Blues did last year, shattering the record transfer fee paid for an American. While a move that could add up to $35 million would be almost double that of the second-most expensive American transfer — John Brooks from Hertha Berlin to Wolfsburg for $19 million in 2017 — it isn't necessarily the fee itself that feels so significant. It's the destination.
<p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)–sm Mt(0.8em)–sm" type="text" content="Few Americans have played for the true aristocratic clubs of European soccer — not even Pulisic, now active for one of the game's nouveaux riches, rather than the old money. Tim Howard spent three seasons with Manchester United but only played regularly for one. Landon Donovan had an unhappy loan stint with Bayern Munich. And a few Americans have come through the youth academies at world-famous clubs like United or Barcelona, where Konrad de la Fuente threatens to get a look in the first team.» data-reactid=»40″>Few Americans have played for the true aristocratic clubs of European soccer — not even Pulisic, now active for one of the game's nouveaux riches, rather than the old money. Tim Howard spent three seasons with Manchester United but only played regularly for one. Landon Donovan had an unhappy loan stint with Bayern Munich. And a few Americans have come through the youth academies at world-famous clubs like United or Barcelona, where Konrad de la Fuente threatens to get a look in the first team.
Others have played for major clubs in Italy, although Serie A, as a league, has been more resistant to Americans than other European legacy circuits. Michael Bradley had a stint with AS Roma but saw his playing time diminish in his second season. Oguchi Onyewu was on the books at AC Milan for a season and a half but made only one appearance. But none as big as Juventus.
<p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)–sm Mt(0.8em)–sm" type="text" content="If McKennie breaks through in a team undergoing a rapid rejuvenation under first-time manager Andrea Pirlo and builds it into a longer career there, he will achieve something no other American has yet done: become a regular for one of Europe's top clubs. With Miralem Pjanic off to Barca in a swap for Arthur and Blaise Matuidi released in order to sign with Inter Miami, a handful of competitors remain for the central midfield jobs at Juventus.» data-reactid=»44″>If McKennie breaks through in a team undergoing a rapid rejuvenation under first-time manager Andrea Pirlo and builds it into a longer career there, he will achieve something no other American has yet done: become a regular for one of Europe's top clubs. With Miralem Pjanic off to Barca in a swap for Arthur and Blaise Matuidi released in order to sign with Inter Miami, a handful of competitors remain for the central midfield jobs at Juventus.
But owing to McKennie's ability to play several different ways — he's probably best suited to a box-to-box role that enables his prodigious ball-recoveries and ability to get forward — there might be opportunity in several jobs in whatever Pirlo's system turns out to be.
And if McKennie does get himself on the field with some frequency, he will slot into a line of succession in Juve's central midfield that traces directly from Pjanic through Arturo Vidal, Paul Pogba and Pirlo himself, to Edgar Davids, Zinedine Zidane, Didier Deschamps, Michael Laudrup and Michel Platini. There are few clubs that have seen so many generational players star in the same position as central midfielders at Juventus. It is a hallowed position at a globally renowned club.

To follow in that kind of tradition would be another first for an American. Pulisic has done fabulously well in his first season at Chelsea, but forwards come and go quickly in West London. National teammate Tyler Adams scored the goal that put RB Leipzig into the semifinal of the Champions League this season, but he did so as a substitute.
Neither accomplishment should be diminished. But at present, the battering ram breaking through boundaries on behalf of the other young Americans quickly cementing their names in Europe is Weston McKennie. Modest McKennie, born not in Little Elm, Texas.

Leander Schaerlaeckens is a Yahoo Sports soccer columnist and a sports communication lecturer at Marist College. Follow him on Twitter @LeanderAlphabet.

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Phusion
Phusion Blog
Efficient substring searching
By Hongli Lai on December 6th, 2010
There are many times when programmers need to search for a substring, for example when parsing text. This is commonly referred to as searching for a needle (substring) in a haystack (the string to search in). The most straightforward way to do this is by using search functions that your language provides:
C: strchr()/memchr(), strstr()/memmem()
C++: string::find()
Ruby: String#index or regular expressions
Python: string.find() or regular expressions
However those functions are usually implemented in a naive way. They usually go through every index in the haystack and try to compare the substring at that index with the given needle. Thus, given a needle of length M and a haystack of length N, those algorithms need O(M*N) steps in the worst case. This is acceptable for small haystacks, but becomes more and more problematic as the the haystack grows.
In this article we'll examine smarter algorithms, in particular Boyer-Moore and its variants. Finally we'll present the reader with an optimized Boyer-Moore-Horspool implementation in C++. This implementation differs from most others in that it's heavily optimized and is capable of accepting haystack input in a streaming manner.
Before we move on, it should be noted that Python's string.find(), Ruby regular expressions and glibc's implementation of memmem() actually can use smarter algorithms when conditions are right, but that is besides the main point of this article.
Demonstration of a naive substring search algorithm
Smarter algorithms
Are there faster algorithms for searching needles? Why yes, computer science has already found the answer decades ago. Here are two algorithms that can find needles in less than O(M*N) time:
Knuth-Morris-Pratt, invented in in 1977.
Boyer-Moore, also invented in 1977.
The ideas behind these algorithms are that, when a mismatch occurs during an iteration, you can sometimes intelligently skip several characters or you can start the next substring match at a higher position in order to avoid re-matching characters unnecessarily. Both algorithms are characterized by the need to precompute some preparation data. It is this data that allows them to search for needles in a way faster than O(M*N).
Knuth-Morris-Pratt simulates how a finite state automata accepts input symbols. During its precomputation phase it builds this automata, which requires O(M) time. Its main search algorithm, which runs this automata, has a worst case time complexity of O(N).
Boyer-Moore is similar, but in its precomputation phase it needs to build two tables, a so-called good suffix table and a bad suffix table. These tables are built from the needle contents. Its main search algorithm requires 3*N steps in the worst case, thus having a worst case time complexity of O(N).
More on Boyer-Moore
Boyer-Moore is a very peculiar algorithm because a longer needle makes it faster! This counter-intuitive property is caused by the fact Boyer-Moore matches the last needle character first and matches from right to left. If the last needle character doesn't match the haystack then it knows it can skip M characters. When one of the other needle characters mismatch as well, it can usually skip more than 1 character based on the character which mismatched; this information is retrieved from the tables that had to be built in the precomputation phase. Thus, Boyer-Moore usually finishes in sublinear time.
Boyer-Moore has several variants.
"Tuning the Boyer-Moore-Horspool String
Searching Algorithm" by Timo Raita, 1992
Turbo Boyer-Moore takes more space but needs 2*N steps in the worst case instead of the original's 3*N steps.
Boyer-Moore-Horspool uses less space (only requires the good suffix table) and has a simpler inner loop with less constant overhead per iteration. Its average performance is O(N) but it has a worst-case performance of O(M*N).
Boyer-Moore-Horspool itself also has variants. In Timo Raita's 1992 paper "Tuning the Boyer-Moore-Horspool String Searching Algorithm" he asserts that text is rarely random and that there usually exist strong dependencies between characters. Thus there are smarter ways to match the needle: instead of matching it backwards from the last character, one should first match the last character, then the first character, then the middle one, etc. The advantage of this heuristic becomes obvious if we consider an example in which we search for the needle "hello world" in a haystack that often contains the word "world" in combination with a word other than "hello", e.g. "beautiful world", "my world", "another world". When the algorithm matches the last needle character "d", instead of wasting time matching "worl" as well, it can match the first needle character "h" and immediately determine that there is no match. This heuristic can drastically improve Boyer-Moore-Horspool's average performance.
Theory vs practice
Which algorithm should one use, Boyer-Moore, Turbo Boyer-Moore or Boyer-Moore-Horspool? In theory Turbo Boyer-Moore is an attractive alternative because of its worst-case performance, but real-world experience has shown that theory is rarely the same as practice. Clearly, this calls for benchmarks.
Various implementations of Boyer-Moore (and variants) exist in a variety of languages, but for the purpose of benchmarking we will want to use C or C++ because they allow the most optimal implementations. (Or assembly, but let's not be too l33t today.) However there seem to be few good C/C++ implementations out there that are:
Readable.
Tested.
Optimal.
After much digging I've found one C++ implementation that most matches our requirements. Its author, Joel Yliluoma, has agreed to open source his code under the MIT license, which I'm very grateful for. He had implemented Boyer-Moore, Turbo Boyer-Moore and Boyer-Moore-Horspool with some of the ideas by Timo Raita 1992. We've extended his work by adding unit tests, writing documentation and adding further optimizations. Using this extended code we've set up a benchmark suite. The results are as follows.
The benchmark is conducted on a MacBook Pro with OS X Snow Leopard and Intel Core 2 Duo 2.4 Ghz. For comparison reasons we've included benchmark results for strstr() and memmem() as well. strstr() is omitted in benchmark 1 because it cannot handle arbitrary random data. We've implemented memmem() ourselves because memmem() is a GNU extension and doesn't exist on OS X. The test program is compiled with -O2 optimizations.
Benchmark 1: random data
This benchmark searches for the needle "I have control\n" in a 200 MB file containing random binary data, 10 iterations.
Boyer-Moore 1191 ms
Boyer-Moore-Horspool (Joel's original implementation) 787 ms
Boyer-Moore-Horspool (our implementation) 729 ms
Turbo Boyer-Moore 1745 ms
memmem 2956 ms
As expected, memmem() is the slowest of the bunch, being more than twice as slow as Boyer-Moore, but actually doesn't perform *that* badly.
Turbo Boyer-Moore, despite its name, performs poorly compared to the original.
Boyer-Moore-Horspool is significantly faster than everything else. Our optimized implementation is slightly faster than Joel's original.
Benchmark 2: Alice in Wonderland
This benchmark searches for the needle "I have control\n" in a special compilation of Alice in Wonderland. We took the HTML version from Project Gutenberg and multiplied its contents many times in order to generate a 200 MB Alice in Wonderland HTML file. This benchmark ran for 10 iterations. This is probably a much better real-world test than the random binary blob in benchmark 1.
Boyer-Moore-Horspool (Joel's original implementation) 1101 ms
Boyer-Moore-Horspool (our implementation) 1080 ms
strstr 2116 ms
The results are very similar to those of benchmark 1. Again, strstr() and memmem() are the slowest of the bunch, and our implementation of Boyer-Moore-Horspool the fastest.
Benchmark 3: triggering bad performance
In this benchmark we attempt to trigger bad peformance in Boyer-Moore-Horspool. We created a 200 MB file containing nothing but newlines, in which we look for the needle "I have control\n\n". Notice the extra newline at the end of the needle! This causes the algorithm to skip slowly. The benchmark ran for 10 iterations.
Boyer-Moore-Horspool (Joel's original implementation) 12425 ms
Here, Boyer-Moore-Horspool is significantly worse than even memmem() despite the same theoretical worst-case complexity! This is because memmem() has a much simpler inner loop with lower constant overhead. We also see that our optimizations to Boyer-Moore-Horspool really help.
Different substring searching algorithms have significantly different performance characteristics. For small haystacks it doesn't really matter which one you use, but for larger ones you should definitely consider smarter algorithms like Boyer-Moore. Using these smarter algorithms is not without cost however: because they require preparation (creating an FSA or building tables) you must ask yourself whether the cost of preparation is acceptable for your use cases.
Turbo Boyer-Moore is disappointing, its name doesn't do it justice. In academia constant overhead doesn't matter, but here we see that it matters a lot in practice. Turbo Boyer-Moore's inner loop is so complex that we think we're better off using the original Boyer-Moore.
We think that for most cases Boyer-Moore-Horspool is the best choice. Despite its theoretical worst-case performance, its worst case is seldomly triggered; we had to spend effort on generating a bad input file and picking a bad needle on purpose. Its inner loop is simple and easy to understand. Its simplicity also results in better CPU cache utilization and branching behavior. On average Boyer-Moore-Horspool performs so well that for us, the choice is clear. Boyer-Moore-Horspool is an excellent choice for things like parsing protocol headers and multipart MIME data. In case of multipart MIME data, most browsers generate fairly long boundary strings, allowing Boyer-Moore-Horspool to skip over non-boundary data very quickly.
Click here: boyer-moore-horspool
Most string search algorithm implementations require the entire haystack data to be in memory. In contrast, we've written a "streaming" Boyer-Moore-Horspool implementation which allows one to feed the haystack data piece-of-piece. This is especially useful when parsing large amounts of protocol data received over the network without keeping all data in memory.
Our implementation is heavily optimized for both memory usage and CPU utilization as well as reusability. During the development of this implementation we've applied the highest degree of C++ kung-fu in order to get every last bit of efficiency out of the computer.
It's reentrant. No global variables. Instead the algorithm accepts a needle-specific context structure.
All data structures are optimized for size and locality of reference. Smaller size means less memory usage, which in turn means less CPU cache usage. On modern systems CPU cache utilization is one of the most important performance factors.
The context structure can be allocated in a single memory allocation, irregardless of the length of the needle. This minimizes memory allocation overhead, both in time (e.g. by allocating on the stack) and in space (by avoiding malloc() bookkeeping overhead). The algorithm does not need any more memory allocations than this initial one. The code also does not dictate a specific way to allocate context structure; the user is free to choose where to allocate it.
We've also applied some of the ideas by Timo Raita 1992, but our implementation differs from Joel's original implementation through minimizing function call overhead. Joel's implementation calls memcmp(); ours first compares the first character using inline code.
Our code contains various CPU branch prediction hints in order to minimize branching overhead.
We make use of the 'restrict' keyword in order to allow better compiler optimizations.
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College essays give you an opportunity to make your application stand out, but do your essays make you stand out in a negative way?
If a university asks why you want to attend their school and you write an essay that can be used for multiple schools, you did not do your job. This question implies that you should either visit the school or research it (website, videos, talk to former students, etc). Your response should be planned and thoughtfully consider how you'll fit on their campus.
Admissions officers have stated that they sometimes receive essays that have another school's name in it. "I'd love to go to Brown University because I think Harvard's library is awe-inspiring., and I'm an avid reader. Face-palm.
Instead, look for specific details about the school AND why you like them. Instead of flattering the school, really envision yourself there. Perhaps you want to join the Mahjong club because you played with your grandma every Sunday, or maybe you're excited to join the crew team because you want to challenge yourself to wake up early.
I always laugh when someone sends me the satirical college essay by Hugh Gallagher who thought it was ridiculous that a college would request an essay on the accomplishments of someone barely 17. He initially wrote it for a writing competition but later said he sent it to colleges as a writing sample.
"I am a dynamic figure, often seen scaling walls and crushing ice. I have been known to remodel train stations on my lunch breaks, making them more efficient in the area of heat retention. I translate ethnic slurs for Cuban refugees, I write award-winning operas, I manage time efficiently. Occasionally, I tread water for three days in a row."
"I have won bullfights in San Juan, cliff-diving competitions in Sri Lanka, and spelling bees at the Kremlin. I have played Hamlet, I have performed open-heart surgery, and I have spoken with Elvis.
This brilliantly captures a predicament for college applicants: how can I impress admissions teams and make myself stand out and also still be a teenager?
The simple answer is to stop trying to impress them so much. Most of the college essay prompts request a personal narrative, a personal story. Most admissions teams are not expecting you to have cured cancer and have scaled Mount Everest (although you could probably have done both and still not get into Stanford; I kid, I kid). They are looking for an authentic, well-told story from your life that tells them something likeable about you. It's your self-awareness and storytelling that really captures their attention. It's the student who shows he's trying to be a better friend rather than the student who writes about how he never leaves the library who is more likeable. Admissions counselors are not only looking for students who will perform well at their school, they're looking for students who will make someone a nice roommate or who will contribute to the school culture in some way.
Let the rest of your application help you shine as an academic; use the essays to show aspects of your personality that the admissions team can get elsewhere on your application. Own who you are; be excited about who you are, and watch admissions teams feel the same way.
If you want to immediately send a message to admissions teams that you lack integrity, then have an adult write your essay for you.
Parents often think that admissions teams want you to impress them like the section above discusses. It's readily apparent to anyone who's reading your essay that an adult wrote it: it typically includes different syntax and diction than a 17-year-old would use.
Also, it's quite easy to fall into the "too many cooks in the kitchen" trap. Only allow one or two people to give you an honest opinion of your essay to guide you. If you ask 5 people to edit it, the voice and style will be inconsistent, and it will sound like 5 people wrote it.
So, what do you do if your parents are trying to hijack your essay?
First, recognize that they are a) trying to help and b) want you to succeed; at the same time, recognize that a) it lacks integrity and b) it will cause disagreements.
It's better to do it on your own, ask an English teacher or guidance counselor for help, or get coaching from a professional.
I remember my guidance counselor told me that my college essay could be about why my grades dipped in my junior year. I wrote about how getting my learner's permit coincided with my mom's undiagnosed illness that prevented her from driving. I had missed a lot of school to take her to doctor's appointments, and I had a hard time keeping up with chemistry and math. My focus was on being grateful to be able to help my mom and how I learned to juggle my home and school responsibilities.
Some students have written essays about switching schools and cite "bad teachers" or "not a good school" as their reason. It shows that you look for what's wrong instead of what's right; problems instead of solutions. A better focus would be on how felt the new school was a better fit for you and how the environment (and your appreciation for it) helped you to thrive.
One student spent half his essay discussing how bad his family member is at planning ahead and how it got them in a dangerous predicament. It came across as a 650-word complaint, and the reader learned nothing about the writer except that he finds his family member annoying. By switching his tone from complaining to appreciating the humor of the situation, the whole essay shifted in a positive direction.
When you read through your essay, look for any times in which you put others down (even inadvertently), and revise it.
Red flags stem from a lack of awareness of what admissions teams are truly looking for; quite simply, they want you to be yourself. Be authentic, lean toward positive interpretations, write the essay yourself, and really, don't try so hard, and you'll avoid these red flags.
Leonard Andrew Consulting is glad to showcase a tremendous non-profit out of Miami. Our Founder, Chad, and Juan Carlos Chediak Jr, the CEO of Motivation 4 Lyfe, have connected often over the last many months with a goal of continuing to bring the very best to student-athletes in Juan's local community and around the state of Florida. As mental health and wellness have become a larger focal point in today's world, Juan and Motivation 4 Lyfe have been working diligently for a tremendous cause: to raise awareness and gain support for those students and student-athletes that may be struggling with depression, anxiety, or any sort of mental health condition. We are exceptionally glad to stand behind this tremendous program, and look forward to helping as many students and student-athletes in the Miami area as possible.
The inspiration behind Motivation4Lyfe stems from Juan's own personal struggles as well as his family and friends' distress from the fact that he was suffering.
"My goal is to raise awareness in the local community not just for those who struggle with depression, anxiety, or any sort of mental health condition, but especially for those who are not aware, do not understand, and truly do not know what one going through these issues feels or comprehends on a day to day basis. In order to help promote my nonprofit organization I also created a club basketball team that allows us to host as well as participate in events that give us the opportunity to not only raise awareness for our cause, but to genuinely help those who may be in need of assistance with whatever issue he or she may be going through.
My club basketball team is a dream come true. We're working hard towards our dreams, raising awareness for a great cause, and doing it all in proper fashion. We have a God given group of guys ready to represent not only our cause, but themselves, and one another. I'm inspired every day to give it my all. The club team and myself are ready and willing to provide services to those in sixth grade and above, such as motivational speaking, or pep talks to allow people to open up about how they truly feel, or at least react and respond to what it is that is being presented for a good learning lesson. We will also introduce, and intergrade basketball into the presentation in terms of how it can change people's lives for the better, maybe even the best. And this concept can be applied to any sport, or attribute of life if done correctly. Mental health is indeed a real concern, and topic of conversation that is not spoken of or incorporated enough in today's society. We will conclude our presentations with brief summaries of the information previously shown, and will open up the floor for questions from our audience with kindness, respect, and moral character. Please give us the opportunity to help, and make a legitimate difference for the best in our community."
For more on Motivation 4 Lyfe and their movement, please click here.
To learn more, or to learn how LAC of M4L can help you, contact us today by clicking here!
November 01, 2018 -- We're Celebrating Our 5th Anniversary!
We are so proud to be celebrating our 5th Anniversary today!
What started as a simple idea, a few emails, and a brainstorming session has become one of the fastest growing educational consulting businesses in the US.
Along the way, we've connected and worked with over 500 individuals and families -- placing students and student-athletes at schools and on teams around the country.
We've now worked with families in almost every state as well as 16 different countries.
We've fostered partnerships with schools, educational consultants, and higher education groups across the US as their go-to for student-athlete prep and for student branding. We've leaned into camps and combines, PR and marketing, nutrition and personal training.
- Give thanks. To all of the students and families who have joined LAC, making us who we are today and who we are set to become, thank you so very much.
- Promise to keep going. We've worked to become an educational leader in college prep, to change the game, and re-write the playbook of athletic recruiting... this is STILL only the beginning and we're pumped to see what comes next!
How can WE help YOU? Contact us today by clicking here!


Crown Paints has recently provided the backdrop to the Danish Living Room at this year's London Design Fair (Sept 20th-24th) by donating 70 litres of Crown Trade Extreme Scrubbable Matt in a range of colours.
The Danish Living Room was hosted by the Embassy of Denmark in the UK to celebrate the country's strong tradition of high quality and inspirational design. As Crown Paints is part of the Hempel Group, which has its headquarters in Copenhagen, the company was keen to pay homage to its own Danish heritage by supplying the paint for the walls and ceilings of the stand.
Crown developed a bespoke colour palette was devised to decorate several individual areas of the stand. Crown recommended the use of its high-performance Clean Extreme Scrubbable Matt. Combining high opacity and colour vibrancy, Crown Trade's Clean Extreme Scrubbable Matt has been specifically formulated to be as durable as possible.
After a successful few days at the London Design Fair the walls and ceilings needed to be painted back to their original colour and so Crown was once again happy to assist by supplying its Clean Extreme Scrubbable Matt. As the exhibition space is used for many different events, the long-lasting and high quality finished offered by Clean Extreme Scrubbable Matt will not only help keep the venue looking cleaner and brighter for longer but will also help reduce future maintenance requirements.


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Home » Vaccines: We Forget the Past, Risk Repeating It
Vaccines: We Forget the Past, Risk Repeating It
A conversation with vaccine expert William Schaffner
The 'Get It and Forget It' methods are here: Remove obstacles to use
The Effect of Repeated Influenza Vaccination — Not Always Good
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Utilization Management: What Does it Mean & Where Should it Reside?
One of the nation's foremost experts and advocates of vaccines, William Schaffner, MD, is the recipient of multiple honors and awards from infection prevention and control groups, and currently serves as medical director of the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) in Washington, DC. A longstanding board member of Hospital Infection Control & Prevention, Schaffner is a professor of preventive medicine at Vanderbilt University in Nashville. He is a liaison member representing the NFID on the CDC's Advisory Council on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
HIC asked Schaffner to comment on the current state of the antivaccine movement and the return of some childhood diseases like measles in the following interview, which has been edited for length and clarity.
HIC: You say we are going to be dealing with this antivaccine mindset and its resulting impact on public health for some time.
Schaffner: Yes, we are going to have continuing "vaccine hesitancy" as well as more explicit antivaccination sentiment. It's not going to go away. Sad but true. There is this educational gap, and that is going to continue. If anything, it will expand as we create more vaccines to prevent more diseases.
The antivaccine sentiment is so deeply rooted. In my experience, and also in talking to my colleagues, it is very difficult to change the mindset of people who are intensely antivaccine.
HIC: We certainly saw that in the reported tetanus case. What kind of approaches could be taken?
Schaffner: One of the things that has received little discussion is the educational component. We really need to look at the health curriculum of middle school and high school students. Some colleagues and I have taken some brief looks at this. Certainly not a survey, but we've made some inquiries.
Our sense is that the diseases that vaccines have prevented are almost never discussed. They may be mentioned fleetingly. Vaccines themselves — their benefits, how they work, why it is important to get them — are dealt with in a very sporadic and insufficient fashion. If that is true generally — and I believe it is — then we should not be surprised that as high school graduates get older and become parents, they don't have the background to understand vaccine-preventable diseases and why their baby needs a number of inoculations in order to prevent these diseases.
We, in the medical and public health community, have to look to partner with the educational community. We have to get the curriculum in middle school and high school beefed up about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases.
HIC: There is this prevailing myth that prior to the vaccine, kids just went through measles infection like some benign rite of passage.
Schaffner: I've had discussions with colleagues who tell me the same thing. You have a discussion with a young mom who says, "Everybody used to get measles. It's an illness with a rash. It comes and goes — what's the big deal?" That is a total misunderstanding of what a severe, nasty infection measles usually is — making children uncomfortable for a week and a half or two. Never mind the complications of otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, and children dying of measles. When you tell them, they say, "I never heard that."
The young trainees in medical school are people who come out of our society. There are some surveys indicating that these young people are not as educated about the vaccine-preventable diseases and are not themselves convinced that all these vaccines are necessary.
We must look to our own environments in nursing schools, medical schools, and other health-related professions to make sure that we don't take the commitment of young trainees in nursing and medicine for granted. We have to teach them.
HIC: Do we need more vaccine state laws or regulations?
Schaffner: I think all 50 states have to begin enforcing the daycare and school immunization laws. They need to look very critically about whether they should permit religious and personal belief exceptions. There are states that have eliminated those. The two most well-known are West Virginia and Mississippi, both of which are very socially and politically conservative. They seem to have done that with great success, so there are lessons there. California has been added on recently.
Even the states that have these exemptions ought to look to them with care. And frankly, we ought to review the practices of physicians who glibly provide erroneous medical exceptions that are not valid. They ought to be obliged to explain their practice and if necessary have their practice supervised and corrected. I think it is unethical to provide a medical exemption that is not valid.
HIC: Antivaccine protestors are an online presence, but many attended the last CDC ACIP meeting in February.
Schaffner: It was evident in the October meeting that there were a number of antivaccine folks there. They were saying on social media that many more would come to the next ACIP, and there was an avalanche of people registering. The CDC enhanced security and put the proverbial velvet rope between the public seating and the members of the committee. Security was wonderful and everybody behaved, so that was very nice.
The ACIP organizers created a 75-minute public comment period in the tradition of transparency. They had a whole list of people signed up for public comment. As is always the case, they had three minutes each. There were prompts so they kept to their three minutes, and they were good about it. They had ample opportunity to make their positions known, and everybody on the committee, including all the liaison members, remained. Decorum was maintained, and it was all very civil.
HIC: Thankfully, that was the case, but recent congressional testimony by some public health officials in Washington state described negative messages on social media from antivaccine groups.
Schaffner: So far, I have been spared, but some of the ACIP members tell me they are starting to get communications from these antivaccine folks.
Hospital Infection Control & Prevention
Hospital Infection Control & Prevention (Vol. 46, No. 4) - April 2019
Measles Makes an Unwelcome Comeback
A Patient Tale That Beggars Belief
Once in Retreat, MRSA Makes a Stand
IPs Prepare for Ebola as Outbreak in Africa Continues
New CDC TB Guidelines Will Emphasize Blood Tests
Financial Disclosure: Peer Reviewer Patrick Joseph, MD, reports that he is a consultant for Genomic Health, Siemens, and CareDx. Senior Writer Gary Evans, Editor Jesse Saffron, Editor Jill Drachenberg, Nurse Planner Patti Grant, RN, BSN, MS, CIC, and Editorial Group Manager Terrey L. Hatcher report no consultant, stockholder, speaker's bureau, research, or other financial relationships with companies having ties to this field of study.


BEIJING,CHINA: Industry well-known trade fair organizer CCPIT Chemical Sub-Council as well as China National Chemical Information Center (CNCIC) announced today the strategic co-location of the leading international rubber technology exhibition "RubberTech China" and "China International Adhesives and Sealants Exhibition (China Adhesive)" with the China most influential chemical show "China International Chemical Industry Fair (ICIF China)" from 2018 – set to take place on a new date, at a new venue.
After consultation with various partners and exhibitors, and reacting to industry demands, the combined event will be held from September 19th to 21st 2018. This new time slot in China's "golden autumn" is believed to better reflect the needs of the industry on both ends of the value chain and harmonizes with the industry calendar.
The expanded event will be relocated in Shanghai New International Convention and Exhibition Center (SNIEC) situated Pudong, the busiest commercial District in Shanghai which is expected to facilitate better product segregation and at the same time showcase almost the entire chemical industry portfolio in one venue. Exhibitors and visitors will see dedicated halls for different exhibit categories.
In ICIF China 2018 would bring together 3 important sub-sectors:"TOP Brand and Basic Chemicals Hall" (12,000sqm) including international and national pavilions and basic chemical companies, "Special and Fine Chemicals Hall" (12,000sqm) including Electricity Chemicals, Water Chemicals, Paper Chemicals and Chemical Processing Technologies, co-located RubberTech China (35,000sqm), China Adhesive and TE-Expo (20,000sqm), Tire+ (12,000sqm) and the occupied more than 90,000sqm. It is expected to feature more than 1,500 exhibitors and attract more than the 90,000 trade visitors in its new context.
While ICIF China is reportedly the biggest and most authoritative chemical industry trade fair in China to date, RubberTech China and China Adhesive as the professional industry events of their kind in China will leapfrog the development of ICIF China as a true and equal representation of all chemical sectors in one, large-scale event.
The ICIF China organizers believe that a combined event enhances the business proposition for all stakeholders, and provides further value and opportunities for exhibitors and visitors alike.
This merger will create by far the largest chemical trade fair of its kind in China, and illustrates the commitment of the Organizers in creating the leading cross sector, cross border chemical industry platform in China.
"This meets the development needs of the market and accelerates the expansion of depth in the chemical industry sector, including promoting the equal development of new products, advanced materials and latest technologies to provide more effective solutions for the industry", explained Mr. JIE Yubin, Vice President of China National Chemical Information Center (CNCIC), one of the organizers of ICIF China 2018.
China International Chemical Industry Fair (ICIF China) is a one-of-its-kind Exhibition and Conference in China, which embodies and spotlights the entire chemical industry portfolio.
Since 1992, China International Chemical Industry Fair (ICIF China) has become the indispensable chemical show in China's annual industry calendar, and the preferred platform for government agencies and key decision makers to come together for exchange and trade.
CPCIF is a non-government, not-for-profit organization composed of voluntary companies, institutes, sectional associations and local associations of the petroleum and chemical industry. It is a comprehensive national guild entity that provides service and implements certain administrative functions for the industry.
CCOIC Chemical Chamber of Commerce, a sub council of CCPIT and CCOIC, was established in July 1990. Based upon membership, CCPIT CHEM acts in accordance with the Constitution and Tenet of CCPIT, and dedicates herself to promoting trade exchange and economic & technological cooperation between China and the rest countries and regions, serving chemical industry and enterprises and accelerating the continuous industry development with our unceasing efforts.
CNCIC was established in 1991, by the former Ministry of Chemical Industry, now it is a state-owned chemical information service provider, which has been engaged in chemical consulting service, publication, and exhibition and conference organization.
After 20 years of development, CNCIC exhibition business has won wide acclaim and praise from home and abroad and keeps growing. With our business covering such vertical markets as chemical industry, dyeing and coating, rubber products and chemicals, energy and environment, agriculture, food, we've held a number of exhibitions in many developed countries and emerging markets. CNCIC Exhibitions has helped over 10,000 exhibitors receive government funds these years.


It is coming to light with the efforts now going on in the south of this nation that the landscape has changed for us as Amateur Radio Operators and Emergency Responders. Most recently the Red Cross and Salvation Army, to name a few of the organizations who are assisting in the relief efforts in the south, have been asking for assistance from us as Amateur Radio Operators. We are stepping in to the fray and shining as we always seem to do most especially when no one else's communications seem to be working or there is a cross organization communications issue.
What is also becoming more and more noticeable is the simple fact that the requests for assistance come with a price tag if you will.
This is directly from the PSCM. Several things of note are the fact that people need to 'voluntarily register', 'every licensed amateur, regardless of affiliation, is eligible for membership' and 'the only qualification is a sincere desire to serve'.
Let's take a look at those statements a little closer.
Voluntarily Register - It is important that you are registered with your local Emergency Coordinator and in turn with the local Office of Emergency Management. The reason for this is that it allows the local EC to assess his needs at any given point in time and to truthfully tell his served agency what he can and cannot do due to man-power issues. Things happen that will prevent some people from assisting at every event and so any good EC and even any Served Agency knows that when someone promises a certain number they can in general figure that a percentage of those will not show or back out for any of many reasons. Still this allows for some idea of what resources are available as opposed to having no idea at all when no requirement of this type is present.
Every Licensed Amateur - Seems pretty clear to me and it should to you also. With nearly 250,000 Licensed Amateurs in the United States, it would seem that we have a large pool of resources. Quite the contrary is true. It is estimated that only 30 - 40 percent of those licensed have registered or expressed an interest in Public Service.
Qualifications - 'The sincere desire to serve'! This does not mean that you have to take a course from the ARRL or from FEMA or any other organization to belong and serve.
This unfortunately is where the waters get muddy as the served agencies are now realizing that a trained individual in many forms or disciplines is a much better asset to them than an untrained or ill-trained one. It is incumbent upon you as an individual to assess where you are and what you can do to better yourself for the good of your service to the served agency and Amateur Radio. The Federal Government has begun making the requirement of NIMS (National Incident Management System) and ICS (Incident Command System) mandatory for all Emergency Responders. Technically that means that you have a responsibility to at minimum take a look at what is going on and be aware of the concepts expressed in these systems. In certain areas it has been made an absolute requirement for access to and Emergency Operations Center (EOC). Certain Counties and other states in this nation are making certain types of training mandatory for any individual who is registered with them. This is a government issue not and ARRL or Amateur Radio issue. We serve at the discretion of the served agency.
Please register or contact, if you have not already done so, your local EC (a list of who is your EC can be found on the Section Staff page).
Consider furthering your understanding of the concepts and systems being used by our served agencies and train for them specifically if possible.
In this way your odds of being more of an asset to the served agency are increased.


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How To Avoid Writing A Mary Sue Protagonist
August 2, 2017 by Robert Wood 9 Comments
We've written before about making sure your protagonist is interesting enough – that they have goals, a personality, and compelling flaws. They're all essential steps to putting your reader in the company of someone they want to spend time with. Unfortunately, writing a great protagonist is one of the hardest tightrope walks of writing, and it's incredibly easy to take all this too far. If you do, that's when you're at risk of writing a Mary Sue protagonist.
In this article, I'll be taking a look at what exactly a Mary Sue protagonist is, when they occur, and how they can be avoided in your writing. As with any example of what to avoid, I'll also be including some tips that won't just keep your story out of trouble, but help to enhance it.
What is a Mary Sue protagonist?
Any term intended as a criticism loses clarity of meaning over time, and like 'macguffin' before it, the parameters of a 'Mary Sue' protagonist are hotly debated. What can be agreed is that it started its life in fan fiction circles, where it was used to suggest that a protagonist was a thinly veiled version of the author, allowing them to insert an idealized self into the story. In her essay, '"Too Good To Be True": 150 Years Of Mary Sue', Pat Pflieger begins an exploration of a surprisingly old phenomenon by describing its original definition.
She's amazingly intelligent, outrageously beautiful, adored by all around her – and absolutely detested by most reading her adventures. She's Mary Sue, the most reviled character type in media fan fiction. Basically, she's a character representing the author of the story, an avatar, the writer's projection into an interesting world full of interesting people whom she watches weekly and thinks about daily. Sometimes the projections get processed into interesting characters, themselves. Usually, though, they don't… Most often, Mary Sue is an original character created by the author of the story, but media characters also can become Mary Sues.
– Pat Pflieger, '"Too Good To Be True": 150 Years Of Mary Sue'
Of course, even this definition leaves a lot of room for subjective judgements – many would argue that all believable characters derive in some way from the author's own truth of self, so where's the line in terms of what makes a Mary Sue?
The answer isn't clear, and it's because of this that the definition has claimed more ground. As Pflieger states, 'Mary Sue' is no longer the sole province of fan fiction, and is now used as a more general term for a protagonist in any fiction who is needlessly perfect, generally to the point that it irritates the reader. They're stocked with a seemingly never-ending set of skills and knowledge, they're beloved by all the characters around them, and only they can solve the central problem of the story (sometimes with token aid from other characters).
Mary Sue protagonists are without flaw (and that's why readers hate them).Click To Tweet
The character of Rey from Star Wars : The Force Awakens is often touted as a contemporary example, with some arguing that her skills in piloting spacecraft, wielding a lightsaber, and using the force without any training mark her out as a Mary Sue protagonist. It's an example that illustrates as many of the problems with the definition as it exemplifies, but we'll get to the drawbacks later.
One of the most important things that knowing the history of the term does is reveal why authors might end up writing a Mary Sue. Looking past the author's urge to exist in a fictional world, we can also see that Mary Sue characters often exist to 'solve' the story.
A great story makes the reader care about the goals of the protagonists – they find their set-backs frustrating and their barriers intolerable. This is all part of the narrative experience, but once you're in charge of a fictional world, it can be tempting to brush all those barriers aside. After all, why would you want to frustrate the reader?
This logic is parodied by Sam Logan in his webcomic Skull Panda Loves Everything. In a series of comics criticizing the expansion of the Hobbit movies into a trilogy, Logan imagines the reasoning behind stretching the source material.
Delgo is a fantastic parody of a Mary Sue character – not only is he more able than any of the other characters, but he has pre-existing relationships with them that dwarf their bonds with each other. Logan goes on to explain how 'Delgo got his facial scar saving Gandalf from a troll when they were both children. Ever since, Gandalf has owed Delgo a "life debt".' You can imagine the other characters using their free time to sit around discussing how great Delgo is and, in a story afflicted with such a Mary Sue protagonist, that scene would probably be included.
On top of this, Delgo shows how a reader's instincts can make them a poorer writer. Where a reader thinks 'if only there was a character who could handle the ring', that frustrated wish is a sign of a compelling story, not an actual way to improve it.
Fan fiction makes this problem clear, but it can be harder to spot in original works. When a writer sets their hero the task of defeating a villain, it can be tempting to clear all unnecessary obstacles out of the way. Yes, the villain may cause trouble, but the protagonist exists as an incredibly able, well-informed, morally flawless character who makes the right decision every time. They'll only encounter trouble where it's created for them. If their friends turn on them, it's because they've been lied to or hypnotized; if their plan doesn't work, it's because it was sabotaged from within; and if their love life falls apart, it's because their partner was inherently flawed, bordering on evil.
The fanfic origins of the Mary Sue reveal why authors fall into the trap.Click To Tweet
As I wrote in Avoid A Boring Thriller With This One Simple Trick, the journey towards a goal is more compelling when you put your character under pressure, but this pressure shouldn't always come from external sources. If your protagonist isn't causing some of their own issues, whether from flaws in their personality, poor judgement, or not being up to a task, they're in risk of becoming a Mary Sue.
Many, many writers craft morally upstanding heroes and then set the world against them. Why, after all, twist a character you want the reader to like and support? The answer is that perfect characters are dull, and readers will actually empathize with and care more about a flawed character. In fact, if you can tie their issues into their flaws, you'll be writing a much more compelling protagonist.
Look at your character's backstory, their personality, and their relationships with other characters, and find some definable flaws in your character. If they're not there, invent some, and ground them in who the character is. Once you have some flaws, use them to create problems or make those problems worse.
It's interesting to look at how this process works in serial fiction, where multiple authors explore the same characters. In Mark Waid's run on Daredevil, for example, the writer not only had to write an existing character, but also render his own portrait of a compelling vigilante. Waid chose to focus on how a man who has had to live a double life might grow too dependent on holding back information, even from those close to him, and how this means that – even when someone else is causing the problems – he's prone to pushing away aid and understanding that would make his life easier.
Your heroes' flaws need to be more than cosmetic – they should impact the story.Click To Tweet
If you can't name something that's genuinely undesirable about your character – be it jealousy, recklessness, infidelity, etc. – then you're in danger of writing a Mary Sue. More than that, it's important that your character's flaws are real, rather than just cosmetic. A character isn't functionally naïve if they grasp every situation immediately, and they're not 'overly' trusting if that trust is always rewarded. This is something parodied in the art of illustrator and author Adam Ellis, who specifically focused on the tendency of YA authors to pay lip service to relatable flaws without actually allowing them to affect the story.
Finally, if you found that you've created a Mary Sue protagonist, that might be an indication that you're asking too much of your main character. Consider involving more characters and allowing them to be experts in a specific area rather than having one character who knows, and can handle, everything.
Those are the techniques that can help you avoid writing a Mary Sue, but they're only half the story. After all, is a Mary Sue really always a bad thing?
The benefits of a Mary Sue protagonist
While a Mary Sue protagonist is something to be conscious of when writing, it's not necessarily going to ruin your story. In its truest form, it's really a power fantasy – a character who's the best at everything, beloved by everyone, and always gets the job done.
Most stories benefit from more nuance, but if you're writing something with more of a pulp sensibility, or deliberately skewing towards a young audience, a power-fantasy hero might not be an issue. Most YA stories have been accused of featuring a Mary Sue, and even titanic properties like Batman have a peerless, hyper-competent master of martial arts as their foundation.
A Mary Sue character CAN work for your story, as long as it's a conscious decision.Click To Tweet
A Mary Sue doesn't mean you're telling a bad story, or that it won't do well, but it's something you should be doing consciously. A flawless character is often a bland character, which means you'll have to pay particular attention to punching them up or surrounding them with other characters who can surprise the reader, keep the storytelling exciting, and even act as a liability – there's a reason Batman needs Robin.
It's also worth acknowledging that there's a lot of historical sexism bound up in 'spotting' Mary Sues. YA novels, for example, attract more criticism than is reasonable for depicting deliberate, considered power fantasies aimed at young, female readers. The vital thing to note is that this criticism often doesn't come from the intended readership, and should be taken with a pinch of salt when crafting your own YA stories.
There's something about Mary (Sue)
Like so much writing advice, the Mary Sue is best understood as a new way to consider your craft. There are ways to do it right, a lot of ways to do it wrong, but what's most important is that it's part of your decision-making. Does your protagonist have real flaws that alter the course of events? Is their knowledge or skillset too broad to be realistic? Does your reader have a way to see themselves in the hero, warts and all? The answers will benefit your writing and, even if you decide a Mary Sue will help your story, you'll be more aware of the demands that places on other elements of the plot.
What stories are marred by Mary Sues, and where have you seen them work well? Let me know in the comments. For more on writing compelling characters, check out How To Give Your Hero Some Personality and The Dos and Don'ts Of Writing Smart Characters, and for a genre that often uses the Mary Sue to great effect, try The 3 Golden Rules Of Writing A Young Adult Novel.
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Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: Case study, Characters, Dialogue, Editing, Exercises, Fan fiction, Fantasy, Fiction, Protagonist, Readership, Science fiction
About Robert Wood
Rob is an editor for Standout Books. He has yet to encounter a bookshop he can walk past, a habit which has become deadly now that you can buy the newest releases digitally at 1am. Thankfully, it also comes in handy for providing the best advice on writing your book. Read more about Rob here.
H S Rivney says
I have two instances of Mary Sue that always come to mind.
One is from a popular Star Trek episode, where a character comes out of nowhere, "Shelby", and is perfect at the job assigned, smarter and better than the First Officer left in charge. It's so phony it's laughable.
Two is Ayla from Auel's Earth's Children series. Ayla starts out great, she is smart and has a way with animals, but by the end of the series she is an expert at everything. Yes, characters grow, but after she invents dozens of prehistoric tools, she becomes unbelievable.
Robert Wood says
Hi H S,
Thanks for the examples – I believe the term originates from a character in a Star Trek fan fiction. Must be something about the federation that attracts them.
Margaret Fisher says
Worst mary sue I've come across in modern fiction is Anita Blake from the Anita Blake vampire hunter series of books by Laurell K. Hamilton. The sad thing is that like Ayla from the Earth's Children series, she started out as a great character. But with each novel she developed more and more powers, avoided any real consequences for her actions, EVERYONE male and female wanted to sleep with her, ect…she's become nothing more than pure wish fulfillment for her author and the most blatant self-insertion character I've ever seen (she even looks like her author, only more perfect).
Thanks for commenting. Time has a habit of rendering characters more extreme, often because the subtleties with which they started are lost in the churn.
Eli says
Thanks for this article. It broadens my mind on how to make my main character not a Mary Sue. I've read a lot of this Mary Sue protagonists and later felt tired reading it as the story progress. Now that I'm writing my own book, my first novel actually, I want to learn more about building my characters and came across this article. This really guided me well.
Hi Eli,
Thanks for the kind words – I'll be sure to keep the character advice coming. You might enjoy the articles below on that subject:
Get To Know Your Characters Better With This Novel Device
How To Give Your Hero Some Personality
This Is The Blueprint For A Perfect Cast Of Characters
Juliette says
I always thought Eragon from the Inheritance Cycle was a bit of a Mary Sue (or Gary Stu). He has some flaws, but he has skills in every form of combat and the physical debilitation he had was cured before it ever caused any real trouble. The complex world and supporting cast made up for it, but he could be a bit annoying.
Thanks for a great example, Juliette. It's interesting to note how even a story that otherwise succeeded was hampered by this tendency.
Curtis says
I have been working on a story for a long time and I will not lie, the main character is based on me. I have added attributes and skills that I wish I had or always wanted but I tried to counter him being a "gary stu" by not removing my flaws. Time will tell if this is a good method.


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The Unity Candle is probably the most well known of the unification ceremonies, but not entirely practical at outdoor weddings or in venues that prohibit flames. In this ceremony, either the bride and groom may light their individual candles or representatives of their respective families may do so.
While the officiant explains the symbolism of the ritual, the couple lights a central pillar using their two individual candles. The following are a few examples of unity candle rituals.
The two outside candles _____ and ____ are lighting represent all they were, all they are and all they will ever be.
They are two distinct lights, symbolizing not only the families that brought them to this moment, but also the two unique individuals entering into the sacred bond of matrimony.
As they each take a candle and together light the center one, it now represents the coming together of two lives in a marriage relationship. As this one light cannot be divided, neither shall their union be divided.
A marriage neither results in two distinct personalities, nor the complete surrender of individuals into a partnership. Rather it is a relationship that strengthens the individual through love, honor and respect.
________ and ________, the two outside candles burning here represent your lives at this moment. Each light is distinct, each able to go its separate way. ________ and ________ are two persons; unique, complex, individual human beings. And the same Creator who gave each of you your individuality and uniqueness is now giving you to each other. The mystery shall be fulfilled. The two shall become one flesh. From now on, what each of you have been individually, you will become together. What will touch your lives as individuals will become a part of a new unity. As each of you take a candle, carry the flame to the center candle, and extinguish the small candle, thus let the center fire represent the new unity being celebrated in this service. As the one center light cannot be divided, neither can your lives. May the one in whose name you are joined, who worked in your lives as individuals, continue to walk with you in your life together.
The two outside candles have been lighted to represent both your lives in this moment. They are two distinct lights, each capable of going their separate ways. To bring bliss and happiness to your home, there must be the merging of these two lights into one light. From now on your thoughts shall be for each other rather than your individual selves. Your plans shall be mutual, your joys and sorrows shall be shared alike. As you each take a candle and together light the center one, you will extinguish your own candles, thus letting the center candle represent the union of your lives into one flesh. As this one light cannot be divided, neither shall your lives be divided but a united testimony in your home. May the radiance of this one light be a testimony of your unity.
One candle has been lit before and above all others, the candle which represents the presence of the divine in our lives. Together you will each take a candle and light it from the divinity candle. All that each of you have ever been, are now, or ever will be, is grounded in the presence of the divine. Together you will light the center candle from your separate lights, symbolizing that you bring your light, and the divine light to this marriage. All lights will remain lit as a testimony that divinity will shine through your marriage and through your own individual lives. Let your lights shine.
The candles which ________ and ________ now light represents the coming together of their two lives in a marriage relationship. Their two individual candles continue burning. In the same way, ________ and ________ will continue to be two unique individuals in the midst of their marriage.


"Social Media Roundup" is a weekly roundup of stories pertaining to your whole favourite web sites and purposes used for social networking. Revealed on Sundays, "Social Media Roundup" will enable you to keep up-to-date on all of the essential social media information that you must know.
Fb is ending its unpaid market analysis packages and taking down the Onavo VPN app from Google Play, in line with TechCrunch. The Onavo Shield app can also be ultimately going to close down absolutely and it'll stop knowledge gathering options. Plus Fb is not recruiting new customers for the Fb Analysis app.
Fb was initially paying customers within the U.S. and India between the ages of thirteen to 35 as much as $20 in present playing cards per 30 days to provide the corporate VPN and root community entry to spy on cellular knowledge. That is reportedly one of many ways in which Fb was capable of detect the expansion of WhatsApp previous to the huge acquisition.
Fb is making modifications to its location monitoring function in an effort to present extra controls. And going ahead, Fb will notify customers about how location knowledge is being collected.
The function won't truly change on Fb for iOS, however Fb goes to ship an alert to everybody on that platform who selected to activate Location Historical past prior to now in order that they will determine whether or not or to not change the settings. And Fb for Android will supply customers a solution to cease accumulating location knowledge when the app is just not getting used.
Fb is reportedly testing a function in Instagram that might permit customers to make donations to non-income by means of Tales, based on TechCrunch. TechCrunch cited credible reverse engineer Jane Manchun Wong as its supply for the upcoming function.
When this function releases to the general public, then customers will be capable of seek for a non-revenue and add the power to make donations by way of Instagram Tales. Instagram confirmed this function to TechCrunch and stated that they're hoping to roll it out for all customers later this yr.
To make donations, you'd most probably have to offer Instagram together with your banking or bank card info. Or it could be attainable to tug your cost info out of your Fb account if it was saved there.
Anti-vaccination advocates have been tapping into social networks to additional their messages. Final week, I reported that Fb is contemplating the removing of anti-vaccine info. Now Pinterest is totally eradicating all searches associated to vaccinations.
Till Pinterest has a solution to restrict misinformation, the corporate stated it was going to dam vaccination-associated content material. Pinterest customers are nonetheless capable of publish vaccination content material, however it can't be discovered by way of search. This can be a comparable technique that Pinterest used for content material associated to questionable most cancers therapies.
Pinterest has reportedly filed a confidential S-1 for an IPO deliberate for June, in response to The Wall Road Journal. As soon as Pinterest goes public, the corporate is predicted to be valued at about $12 billion. Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan Chase have been employed because the lead banks.
Twitter co-founder and former CEO Evan Williams is stepping from the corporate's board of administrators. Williams based Twitter with Jack Dorsey and Biz Stone in 2007. Twitter initially began off as a venture on the Odeo podcasting firm.
YouTube is updating its strikes coverage with a purpose to make clear what is going to end in a ban. These new tips will go into impact on February 25, 2019.
When a consumer is hit with two strikes, YouTube will difficulty channel freezes. The primary strike will end in a one-week freeze and a second strike will probably be a two-week channel freeze.
The strikes embrace violations that occur by way of reside streaming, video uploads and different content material. Prior to now, YouTube used to problem a ninety-day stay-streaming ban for violations. The third strike will trigger customers to get banned. The strikes will reset after ninety days. And content material that violates tips shall be eliminated.
Polygon reported that YouTube can also be including a warning system. The primary offense will end in a warning fairly than a primary strike. And YouTube will proceed eradicating content material that's in violation of the rules as a part of the warning.
YouTube identified that ninety eight% of customers by no means break the rules. And of the two% of customers who break the rules, ninety four% of them don't repeat violations after the primary strike. And YouTube may even ship cellular notifications when a violation happens and it'll hyperlink to an evidence of why it occurred.


text:
Q: React scroll event doesn't stop firing At work we're having some performance issues with rendering data tables so we've decided to try to virtualize a list "window". Essentially following the same idea as react-window, whereby you only render the sublist - the one showing on your viewport - of your data list.
For a myriad of reasons, we tried to implement the technique ourselves. In doing so, we learnt this is mostly done using position: absolute on each list item, which didn't really suitable for us. So we came up with the idea of just having two "wrapper" divs around the sublist we want to render.
Essentially box1 would have the height equal to the combined height of all the list items before our window and box2 would have the height of all the items after our window. Every time the user scrolls, we figure out which indices to render and adjust the box heights.
Unfortunately we ran into an issue where, when the user scrolls down, the scroll event keeps firing even after the user has stopped scrolling. This scrolls the list all the way to the end. It seems to work fine when scrolling up though, so we're really at a loss here. We couldn't figure out why it keeps firing.
Here's a link to an example. I just replaced all the list item logic with a fixed box for simplicity. I've also added a timeout to the scroll handler so the scrolling up behaviour is more noticeable, otherwise it's too fast and the red upper box is not noticeable.
Any help is much appreciated. Thanks in advance!
EDIT: We're actually using this in a
 element, which means solutions based on css position property will not work, given that that property has undefined behaviour for table elements, and it breaks the standard table layout.

A: The problem is most likely caused by using the scrollTop value to change the height of the items which cause the scrollTop value to change and so on (maybe).
Here is the right way to do it https://codesandbox.io/s/react-hooks-playground-forked-97vsq
import React, { useState, useCallback } from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";

const ROW_HEIGHT = 25;

const App = (props) => {
  const [items, innerHeight, onScroll] = useVirtualizedList({
    numItems: 500,
    itemHeight: ROW_HEIGHT,
    windowHeight: ROW_HEIGHT * 5,
    windowExtension: 0
  });
  return (

{items}

  );
};

const useVirtualizedList = ({ numItems, itemHeight, windowHeight }) => {
  const [scrollTop, setScrollTop] = useState(0);

  const innerHeight = numItems * itemHeight;
  const startIndex = Math.floor(scrollTop / itemHeight);
  const endIndex = Math.min(
    numItems - 1,
    startIndex + Math.floor( windowHeight / itemHeight)
  );

  const onScroll = useCallback((e) => {
    const currentScroll = e.currentTarget.scrollTop;
    setScrollTop(currentScroll);
  }, []);

  const items = `${startIndex} --- ${endIndex}`

  return [items, innerHeight, onScroll];
};

ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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