text:
Xerra aids NZ's COVID-19 maritime border security
Xerra's Starboard Maritime Intelligence program to monitor vessels entering New Zealand's waters. Image: Xerra.
COVID-19 has changed many facets of people's lives in Aotearoa New Zealand. Although kiwis have enjoyed relative freedom in recent months, maintaining vigilance at New Zealand's maritime borders whilst minimising disruptions to trade is a challenging endeavour.
Xerra Earth Observation Institute, an independent research institute with expertise in satellite data, has been awarded $850,000 through the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's (MBIE's) COVID-19 Innovation Acceleration Fund to support border security efforts in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. The funding will be used to accelerate the delivery of two maritime border security tools in their Starboard Maritime Intelligence platform.
The first of these tools will allow them to automatically assess arriving vessels for risk of COVID-19 by simulating the likelihood of infected crew based on the vessel's historical travel movements, including port visits and duration at sea. The model underpinning this automated analysis tool is being developed by Xerra's principal scientist, Dr Dave Kelbe, in collaboration with Professor Nick Wilson and other leading epidemiologists at the University of Otago, using real-time data from Johns Hopkins University on daily COVID-19 infection rates around the globe.
In addition, funding will be used to develop new methodologies for detecting non-reporting small vessels arriving unannounced at our maritime borders using high-resolution synthetic aperture radar and optical satellite data.
The team at Xerra are working in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and New Zealand Customs Service to better understand how the intelligence they generate through both of these tools can help inform existing and future border security procedures at our ports and marinas. Xerra hopes that these tools will help protect New Zealand from COVID-19 outbreaks arising from the maritime border, including the protection of front-line staff and their whānau (family). This work should also help seafarers who currently face major restrictions when in port, with many having gone for months without any shore leave.
Find out more about Xerra.
Date posted: 20 November 2020


Chögyal Namkhai Norbu was born in 1938 in Derghe, in Eastern Tibet and was recognised at birth as the reincarnation of a noted exponent of the Dzog-chen tradition. Notwithstanding his youth, he was already well known by the end of the 1950s as a person with a profound knowledge of the Dzogchen teachings and also as a spiritual teacher.
His fame, in India and in Tibet was such that in 1960 Professor Giuseppe Tucci, an eminent scholar and founder of the Is.MEO (one of the major institutes of oriental studies in Italy), invited him to Rome to collaborate in research at what is today known as Is.I.A.O, (Istituto per l'Africa e l'Oriente).
For the first fifteen years of his residence in Italy Namkhai Norbu concentrated mainly on the Ancient History of Tibet. His works are evidence of his deep knowledge of Tibetan culture and are addressed to the young people of Tibet in order that their awareness of an ancient cultural heritage should not die out. The works of Namkhai Norbu are a significant reference point for these young people, whether they live in the People's Republic of China or whether they are living in exile and represent the continuation of the cultural heritage of Tibet and its national identity. His studies have become so well known at an international level that he has an intense programme of lectures and seminars in the major centres of oriental studies and in universities throughout the world.
Together with a number of students he founded the first Dzogchen community in Arcidosso in Tuscany and then later founded other centres in various parts of Europe, Russia, the United States, South America and Australia.


I have the same question as well. I have been looking for info on how to become a fan of hubbers whose content I enjoy reading. Czarinski, sorry for not answering your question. I am also looking for an answer to this question. Actually I'm not sure how to ask a question... I did try that but unsuccessful. Can anyone please tell us how to be a fan?
Is there a way to answer a question on a piece of fan mail?
Ask a question and God will give you the answer.


text:
package annots;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithClass {
  Class<?> arg();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithClassDefaultName {
  Class<?> value();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithString {
  String arg();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithReference {
  String arg();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithBoolean {
  boolean arg();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithFloat {
  float arg();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithNested {
  Nested arg();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Nested {
  String value();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithArray {
  String[] value();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithEmptyArray {
  String[] value();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithSingleElement {
  String[] value();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface WithMultipleArgs {
  int[] ints();
  float floatVal();
  Nested[] annots();
  Class<?> clazz();
  String[] value();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface ShouldNotCrash {
  String value();
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface ShouldAlsoNotCrash {
  String value();
  int[] ints();
}

class A {
  static final String CONST = "VALUE OF CONST";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: HTML5 input pattern for givenname.lastname@containsstring.domain I'm trying to validate an email input via HTML5 pattern.
The input field must follow this format:
givenname.lastname@simonsays.domain

In other words I need to check if there is a string of letters + a dot + another string of letters + must contain the string simon.
So far I've found
pattern=".*simon.+"

However, it only checks if the input contains simon.
Help would be highly appreciated!

A: You may use
pattern="\S+\.\S+@\S*simon\S*\.\S+"

The pattern gets parsed as /^(?:\S+\.\S+@\S*simon\S*\.\S+)$/ and matches

*

*^ - start of string

*(?: - start of a non-capturing container group

*\S+\.\S+ - 1+ non-whitespace chars, . and 1+ chars other than whitespace

*@ - a @ char

*\S* - 0+ non-whitespace chars

*simon - a literal substring

*\S* - 0+ non-whitespace chars

*\. - a dot

*\S+ - 1+ non-whitespace chars

*) - end of the container group

*$ - end of string.

HTML5:

input:valid {
  color: black;
}
input:invalid {
  color: red;
}
<form name="form1">
 <input pattern="\S+\.\S+@\S*simon\S*\.\S+" title="Please enter an email address with 'simon' in the domain name!" placeholder="name.surname@domain.com" value="my.name@some-simon-here.com" />
 <input type="Submit"/>
</form>

If you want to "controll" the dots in the pattern, replace \S with [^\s.] that matches any char but a whitespace and ..

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ole Lofsnaes is Associate Director at the Federation of Norwegian Industries.
Guarantees of origin (GOs) were introduced in the first renewable directive with the commendable intention of accelerating renewable power generation in Europe. With the second renewable directive, mandatory RES support such as feed-ins and green certificates assumed the role as policy tools to drive renewable generation investments. For GOs to still have a place in energy legislation, they had to be branded as something else: a tracking tool – a considerably more complex commodity with a much weaker link to RES promotion.
GOs are financial documents used by energy suppliers and consumers as documentation that the electricity they sell/use comes from renewable sources. If you want your energy use to be 100% renewable, you simply choose an energy supplier that offers GOs alongside energy sales. Easy.
Except it isn't. There is no link between physical electricity and GOs. An energy supplier offering 100% renewable electricity can simply buy GOs on the market to prove it, but the actual electricity delivered will still come from the power plants in the country the consumer lives in. If these power plants run on coal, the consumer will end up with coal-fired power, GOs or not.
Sellers of GOs agree that this may be correct, but it is irrelevant since electrons anyway cannot be traced. Their argument is that when you buy GOs, a corresponding amount of renewable electricity is produced somewhere else in Europe, and that by buying GOs you are "reserving" that power for yourself. They also claim that by purchasing GOs, consumers are making important contributions to new renewable generation being built.
These claims range from over-simplified to outright wrong. Let's take a closer look at them. First of all, electrons can be traced. We know exactly how much power flows on grids within and across countries. Take Iceland for example. We know that Iceland has no grid connection to mainland Europe, but Icelandic GOs can still be purchased in Germany, Netherlands, Austria etc. Hopefully, no consumers on the mainland are under the impression that they are actually consuming Icelandic power.
Second, GOs make no difference on renewable generation. Renewable power generation has zero opportunity costs, they produce when the energy is available. GOs will not affect this.
Third, GOs are issued to all sorts of renewable power generation, both "old" and "new", and it is difficult for consumers to distinguish which are which. Since most GOs come from old renewable facilities, consumers are handing most of their money to plants that have been operational for several years. And GOs do not contribute to new renewable generation being built.
Yet the problems with GOs are more far-reaching than this. The biggest problem is perhaps that of greenwashing: GOs are a relatively low-cost tool that enables power from fossil-fired plants to be disguised as green. Conversely, actual green power is disguised as fossil. This means that consumers that actually use renewable electricity appear, on paper, to be contributing to higher emissions than consumers that use fossil-based electricity.
In summing this up, GOs are a complex product misrepresented to consumers that slow down the transition towards a fully renewable-powered Europe. There is therefore growing recognition that the GO system needs an overhaul.
The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) recently published a paper entitled "Does the EU renewable energy sector still need a guarantees of origin market?". This is an important, and overdue, question. It is encouraging that it is being pursued in a seminar with the same title in Brussels on 27 September.
The renewable directive is subject to change as part of the European Clean Energy Package. The currently proposed text looks to formalise, but not rectify the GO system. We believe rectification is necessary. GOs can become into a meaningful instrument, but not in their current form.


this is emily. i'm going to apologize to emily right now for possibly frightening her or not communicating well what it was that we wanted. 1st and marion early in the morning was a little hectic (who knew ?) what with ferry traffic and a bus stop… we couldn't keep up with all the people we wanted pictures of, and most of them ran away from us… having said that… emily had very simple, lovely style (that you can see full-length next week !)… great use of color and this very cool and unique bag. i thought it was tapestry, but having looked it over in the photo… it's beaded. which makes me think of beaded purses that i have, that for many years, i was saving. finally… loving one of them so much, i used to take it out and just look at it… i started using them. sometimes daily. and if they die an untimely, unbeaded death… so it goes. the pleasure from using an item that's special or delicate… of carrying around something that's not going to last years… it was an indulgence, but not everything is meant to be kept forever.


text:
Le Berwick Rangers Football Club est un club anglais de football basé à Berwick-upon-Tweed. Bien que la ville de Berwick soit située du côté anglais de la frontière anglo-écossaise, le club évolue dans le championnat écossais. Il fait donc partie des quelques clubs de football jouant dans un championnat étranger.

Historique

 1881 : fondation du club
 1951 : affiliation à la Scottish Football League
 1954 : emménagement dans leur stade de Shielfield Park

Palmarès et records

Palmarès

Parcours en Coupe d'Europe

Joueurs et personnalités du club

Entraîneurs
Le tableau suivant présente la liste des entraîneurs du club depuis 1950.

Joueurs emblématiques
  Graeme Armstrong
  Dave Smith

Notes et références

Liens externes

Club de football en Angleterre
Club de football fondé en 1881
Club de football en Écosse

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


An excellent tactical base layer, designed for seamless use under an external vest carrier. The Women's PDU Rapid Shirt features dual-fabric construction for breathability and movement at the torso and enhanced durability at the shoulders and arms. Moisture-wicking and quick-dry construction offer comfort when the shirt is layered under body armor, and the three-button provides added ventilation. Extremely agile, this high-performance shirt excels in training, operations, and casual use. Time to get ready.


ACCIONA's extensive experience and the use of cutting-edge technological resources have made it possible to execute benchmark projects both nationally and internationally.
The City of Toronto Deep Lake Water Cooling (DLWC) system is the world's largest cooling solution of its kind. The system was built by ACCIONA Infrastructures to offer a sustainable, alternative source of air conditioning by using cold water from the depths of Lake Ontario to cool downtown Toronto office buildings.


text:
'Tim Russert' for Saturday, May 3
Guest: Justice Antonin Scalia
TIM RUSSERT, HOST: And with us today, you don't see him often on
television. He is a Supreme Court justice, but he's a written a new book -
"Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges." With us, Antonin Scalia.
Mr. Justice, welcome.
ANTONIN SCALIA, SUPREME COURT JUSTICE: Thank you, Tim. Glad to be here.
RUSSERT: In your book "Making Your Case," you start off by saying be sure the tribunal has jurisdiction, an obvious question. Then you say know your audience.
What is a lawyer supposed to know about his audience?
SCALIA: Well, if you're arguing before judges, you have to know what their judicial philosophy is, for one thing. There's some judges who are more turned on by the consequences of what you're arguing. There are others who are much more strictly attuned to precedent and unlikely to bend precedent in order to reach a better result.
There are some judges who use and like legislatively history. There are some who, like me, avoid it like the plague. It helps to know...
RUSSERT: Why do you avoid it?
SCALIA: You don't want to shoot the whole show.
SCALIA: I do not think it is legitimate. The only—the only sure, clear expression of congressional intent is the language that both houses voted for and the president signed. And the mere fact that in a floor debate, some senator said something about it, or some committee report in one of the houses said something about it, that doesn't show anything except that that senator, or probably not even that committee, but the teenager that wrote the committee report thought that that was the answer.
RUSSERT: How about a presidential signing statement?
SCALIA: I would not use that either. But I would say that if you're going to use committee reports, there's no reason not to use—I would say a presidential signing statement is probably more authoritative than a committee report.
But anyway, I would avoid it all. And anyone who's hung around Washington long enough knows that it's very manipulable. It's—one of the businesses of Washington lawyers is writing legislative history, which they then send up to the Hill and somebody reads it or incorporates it in a committee report.
RUSSERT: But if you're arguing a case before judges, you really do believe it's important that you get to know who they are, and how they decide, and how they approach the law?
SCALIA: Exactly. And as we mentioned in the book, law firms keep book on judges. I mean, they—you know, they have a file on this judge. You know, he's short-tempered, lets you go on too long or cuts you off quickly.
It's important to know. And frankly, even if you don't learn anything about their philosophy, just to learn their background, it humanizes the person.
You're not talking to an empty robe, you're talking to somebody whose background you know, what college he went to and, you know, how many kids she has. And it sets it up differently, I think.
RUSSERT: One of your principles, appeal not just the rules, but to justice and common sense. That intrigued me, that you were willing to say, OK, look at common sense, not—don't be afraid to argue that.
SCALIA: Oh, yes, I think, you know, rules are fine, but people are driven by other motives than just adhering to the rules. Judges don't like to reach a result that is absurd, and you should try to show why your result is sensible.
Now, sometimes, you know, you have no other ammunition but the rule, in which case you stress how important the rule is. And although in this case it may not—it may not seem to produce the most desirable result, over the long term it will, and you have to adhere to it. But where you have common sense on your side and good results on your side, of course you point that out.
RUSSERT: You love to argue the law, don't you?
SCALIA: I just love the law. I love to think about the law, I love to argue the law.
RUSSERT: It is said that you often hire a liberal law clerk in order to have someone to spar with.
SCALIA: Other things being equal, if I could find a hard-headed, flinty-minded liberal whose visceral reaction to things is the opposite of mine, I will snap that clerk up in a minute. But they're hard to find, Tim. I have to tell you that.
RUSSERT: It's all mushy?
SCALIA: You said it, I didn't say it.
RUSSERT: It was only a question.
Has the quality of lawyering, the quality of lawyers, improved or declined over the last 22 years you've been on the bench?
SCALIA: Well, I can't speak, you know, nationwide, but, you know, I never thought that the quality was very bad. Warren Burger, you know, two chief justices ago, used to criticize the quality of the representation.
I was more amazed at how good it was at the Supreme Court than how bad it was, because frequently, you know, if you're lucky enough to get cert granted, you may be, you know, a small-time lawyer representing criminal defendants in Podunk. And this lawyer comes and, by George, this lawyer is really good. And frankly, I began asking myself, why are we wasting such a high percentage of our best minds on this enterprise?
As I say, I love the law, but, you know, somebody has to be inventing the
automobile or doing something useful, whereas lawyers, lawyers are
facilitators. They enable the real work of the world to go on efficiently,
and with preservation of human freedoms. But we don't dig ditches, we
don't produce anything that's of material use to people. And a system that
requires too much of society's best minds just to run the legal system is -
there's something wrong with it, I think.
RUSSERT: You advise banish jargon, hackneyed expressions and needless Latin. Avoid acronyms and don't overuse italics.
You're basically saying, to me, forget the gimmicks. Talk straight.
SCALIA: Oh yes. Absolutely.
Somehow after—well, we point that out in the book. After going to law school and reading largely nothing but legal opinions for three years, it can warp the mind, because legal opinions are frankly, most of them, not written very well. And you read them not because they're the best writing, or you don't even read them necessarily because they're the best reasoning. You read them because they're authoritative.
No matter how badly written, no matter how badly reasoned, that's the law. And part of our advice in the book, if you want—and this is a long-term preparation—but if you want to be a good brief writer, you have to read good stuff. And that means, you know, getting out of—getting out of the law books and reading great writers from today and earlier times.
RUSSERT: Who's your favorite author?
SCALIA: My favorite of all? My goodness. So many. I don't know, Hawthorne.
I love Dickens. I could read Dickens forever.
RUSSERT: You had a high school teacher who gave one of your classmates some advice about Shakespeare.
SCALIA: I have used this in some of my talks about—you know, being humble in your approach to things. We were reading Shakespeare I think my sophomore year of high school, and the teacher was a crusty old Jesuit from Boston, Father Tom Matthews. And one of my classmates offered some really stupid criticism of the play, very sophomoric, you know, but thinking he's very smart.
And Father Matthews looked down at this kid and he said, "Mister, when you read Shakespeare, Shakespeare's not on trial. You are."
RUSSERT: Good advice...
SCALIA: Good advice.
RUSSERT: ... from Justice Scalia, the author of the new book, "Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges."
We'll be back with more of our conversation right after this.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
RUSSERT: And we are back talking to Antonin Scalia. He is a Supreme Court justice. He co-authored a book with Bryan Garner called "Making Your Case:
The Art of Persuading Judges."
A question—some viewers found out you were going to be on. They sent me saying, "What does a Supreme Court justice do all day?"
SCALIA: What does he do all day? It depends on the day. I mean, the days that we have argument, you hear argument. And in the good old—bad old days, when I first came on the court, we used to hear four a day—two in the morning, two in the afternoon.
Thankfully, in recent years our docket has been somewhat slimmer, maybe too slim. I'd like to take on a few more cases.
RUSSERT: You would?
SCALIA: I think we can do 100 a year pretty well. I don't think we can do more than 100, or more than 100.
RUSSERT: And the days you're not hearing arguments you're reading and writing?
SCALIA: Well, yes. I mean, it's not as though—you know, you're reading the briefs for the next round. We sit for two weeks, then we have a two-week break, sometimes a three-week break. And during that time you're not goofing off. You're reading the briefs for the next round and writing the opinions from the previous round.
So, frankly, the easiest part of the job—and I also find it the most pleasant part of the job—is hearing argument. I mean, you just—no pressure on you. It's all on the lawyers. You just have to sit there and stay awake and don't drool. That's about it.
RUSSERT: Do you like to put pressure on the lawyers? Do you like to ask challenging questions? That's the book on you.
SCALIA: I don't what the book on me is. I ask a lot of questions because, you know, in the Supreme Court we have half an hour a side. That's not much time. And if you let the lawyer talk instead of asking questions, he's just going to regurgitate his brief.
I've read his brief. I've underlined significant passages. I have written "nonsense" in the margin.
What I want to use the half hour for is to probe those parts of the brief that seem to me weak and see if he has an answer that would satisfy my objection. If you spend the half hour that way, it is very, very productive, indeed.
RUSSERT: You give some other advice. Never read an argument, never deliver it from memory, except the opener and perhaps the closer. Be conversational but not familiar.
Look the judges in the eye. Connect. Be cautious about humor. And don't chew your fingernails.
SCALIA: Yes. I—that was originally—originally headed not "Don't Chew Your Fingernails," but "Don't Pick Your Nose." And people thought that was a little too gross to put in the book.
And the section begins, OK, we actually have never seen counsel chewing his fingernails during argument, but we have seen every other kind of mannerism that will annoy and distract. I mean, you know, taking the glasses off and on and, you know, clacking them shut, and waving them in the air. And leaning forward on the podium, stepping to the side of the podium. All of that.
You know, that's stage business which is good in a Perry Mason show, but not helpful when you're trying to get judges to understand a complex legal issue. Leave all that out.
RUSSERT: What happens if you ask a question and the lawyer doesn't know the answer? What should he or she do?
SCALIA: He or she should say, "Your Honor, you know, I don't know. I don't know the law on that, but I will be happy to submit a supplemental brief on the point, by letter if you like."
RUSSERT: If you try to bluff it?
SCALIA: Oh, very bad. Very bad. Very bad to bluff.
The main thing you have going for you, especially if you're going to appear before this court on another occasion, is credibility. You want the judges to trust you, to know that you're a reliable person, you don't exaggerate, you don't twist cases. If you can get them to regard you that way, you have a big advantage over your competitors.
RUSSERT: When you're sitting listening to an argument, Your Honor, do you ever think, why aren't you saying this? Why aren't you making that point?
SCALIA: I not only sometimes think it, I sometimes interject it.
RUSSERT: Could I give you a hand?
SCALIA: That's right. And that's another advice we give. Some lawyers will not accept the hand.
They assume that every question from the bench is hostile. And sometimes you're throwing them a life preserver, you know, and they push it away.
RUSSERT: You say recognize a friendly question.
SCALIA: That's right. There are such things.
RUSSERT: Learn how to handle a difficult judge.
SCALIA: There are difficult judges. I am sure there are those who consider me a difficult judge at times.
RUSSERT: Why?
SCALIA: Well, what I mean by a difficult judge—and I hope that I'm not guilty of this, or at least not guilty of it often—is a judge who is no longer questioning to get an answer, but he knows you don't have an answer, and he keeps pressing the point and pressing the point and pressing just to make you look bad in the eyes of the other judges on the bench and to show how weak your case is. You have to know how to get out of that trap. And, you know, ultimately, you have to say, "Your Honor, I've answered that as best I can. I really have nothing more to say on the point."
RUSSERT: I surrender.
SCALIA: Yes.
RUSSERT: Another quick break.
Antonin Scalia, justice of the Supreme Court. His new book, "Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges," he co-authors it with Bryan Garner.
We'll be right back.
RUSSERT: And we are back talking to Antonin Scalia, justice of the Supreme Court. His new book, "Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges." He co-authors it with Bryan Garner.
Has an oral argument ever changed your mind?
SCALIA: Rarely. I think it has, but very rarely. What happens not at all rarely, but with some frequency, is that it's a very close case.
You go in on the knife's edge. You haven't made up your mind. And most lawyers don't realize that.
I think a lot of lawyers think that oral argument is just a dog and pony show. You know, I've read a 60-page petitioner's brief, a 60-page respondent's brief, a 40-page reply brief, as many amicus briefs as I can stomach. What's somebody going to tell me in half an hour?
And the answer is, sometimes the case is so close, that persuasive counselor, their oral argument, can make the difference. There are things you can do in oral argument that can be done as effectively in a written brief.
Perspective, for one thing. Very often you've written a brief, there is a logical order that you have to follow—jurisdiction first. And then there's a preliminary issue. And your big issue may be pretty far down in the brief. You know, what you think is your strongest point.
And that issue may not be the most complicated one. So you don't give that much page length to it.
Now, at oral argument, you get up and you—you know, never mind all the preliminary stuff. Say, you know, "Your Honors, what this case comes down to is" and then, boom, you hit your big point. Put your case in perspective.
RUSSERT: How do the justices interact? Do you lobby each other? Do you communicate in writing? Do you try to argue with each other, make each other's case, question each other?
SCALIA: No, it's not—and I'm not giving away any secrets. The former chief, in his book on the court, said that conference is perhaps a misnomer for what we do when we get together to discuss a case.
Each justice says, this is how I see it and this is how I vote. And then you move on to the next one—this is how I see it and this is how I—you know, try to persuade each other. I'm not sure you can do it with nine people.
I mean, after it's gone all the way around the table, you can if you wish to say, now, you know, John, you said this. Why did you say that? You wouldn't interrupt him while he's saying it, but after it's gone all around the table you might do it.
Quite frankly, it does not—it is not an exercise in persuading one another. I don't think you can do it with as many as—you've been on a committee with eight other people. It's—with two other judges, which is what it was like on the court of appeals, it was possible.
RUSSERT: But you do send each other notes sometimes asking for clarity or explanation.
SCALIA: Well, that's after the opinion circulates, after the person who's been assigned the opinion writes it, and he circulates it, perhaps. And if you plan to join it, you say, you know, I can join, but this passage here I don't agree with. And if you can change that, I'll join.
RUSSERT: You said there are some close calls. What's the toughest case you ever had?
SCALIA: You don't want to know, Tim. You really—there is—there is no necessary connection between how hard a case is and how important it is. The hardest case I had was something involving the government contractor doctrine, and a relatively insignificant piece of law, but I found it very, very hard, indeed.
RUSSERT: And both sides having worthy arguments?
SCALIA: Both sides having—yes, both sides having worthy arguments.
RUSSERT: When people see...
SCALIA: Or take some, you know, very highly technical review of the FERC opinion, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. You know, massive volumes of records and whatnot. It's very hard to slog your way through that.
RUSSERT: When people see "Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges," and they say, I'm not a lawyer and I'm not going to be before a judge, why should these lessons apply to me?
SCALIA: Well, the book's written for lawyers. And make no mistake about that. Some of the lessons of effective advocacy I suppose apply to people who don't argue before judges, but argue before other government bodies, or argue with people on a commission.
You know, Cicero—we use the advice of Aristotle. People have been giving advice on this subject for as long as there have been judges, or for as long as there have been Senates.
Cicero wrote for people who expected to be in public life. And some of the principles of that apply to any attempt to persuade somebody. For instance, lead with your strongest argument. If you're speaking second, before you proceed to your argument, if your opponent has made a very strong point, you've got to clear the underbrush. You have to erase that point from your audiences' mind, or they're not going to be listening to you.
That's what Aristotle said. And I think that's good advice. And that would apply in any debate format.
RUSSERT: You talk also about, at the lectern, get comfortable. Adjust it if you need to. Look people in the eye.
I often remember the handshake advice I gave to my son, give me a firm handshake. Those basic things in life apply in all aspects.
SCALIA: They do. The only thing I—the only advice I remember from my debate coach when I was in college, he taught me to button my jacket. It's the only thing I took away from it—button your jacket.
RUSSERT: And now you have a robe.
SCALIA: Now I have a robe. I don't have to worry about it, you're right.
You're right.
RUSSERT: We're going to take a quick break. More of our conversation. "Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges," the co-author, the justice of the Supreme Court, Antonin Scalia, right after this.
RUSSERT: And we are back talking to Antonin Scalia, justice of the Supreme Court. He's co-author of his new book, "Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges."
You went to Villanova University in Philadelphia recently and said there's no such thing as a Catholic judge. You happen to be Catholic. Explain why there's no such thing as a Catholic judge.
SCALIA: The same reason there's no such thing as a—you know, in my estimation, no such thing as a female judge. I mean, a good judge is a good judge. And at least if you have my judicial philosophy, which is to give the fairest possible meaning to the text that you're dealing with. And when you're dealing with the Constitution, you ask the question, what did it mean when the people adopted it? And once you find that, the case is done.
How does my religion have anything to do with what those words mean and what they were understood to mean by the people who ratified them?
Obviously nothing at all. So the only—I may have said that at Villanova
the only part of my faith that has any play in my judicial enterprise is whatever commandment it is—sixth—Thou Shalt Not Lie.
I try very hard not to lie. I don't distort cases. If I'm overruling a case, I say that I'm overruling it rather than, you know, twist it so that it doesn't look as though I'm overruling it.
Now, I have to say that if you have a different judicial philosophy, if you believe that the Constitution changes—never mind what the people thought it meant when they ratified it—you think it changes, the so-called living Constitution...
RUSSERT: Leaving and breathing.
SCALIA: Leaving and breathing. I would find it very hard to keep my own philosophy, which includes my religion, out of my decisions, because I'm asking myself, what should the Constitution mean? And that has to be informed by my own philosophy, my own theology.
RUSSERT: You describe yourself as an originalist.
SCALIA: Originalist.
RUSSERT: Which means?
SCALIA: Which means I give the Constitution its original meaning. And what it prohibited then it prohibits now. And what it permitted then it permitted now.
So, you know, for example, the death penalty. If you're an originalist, the issue of whether the death penalty is unconstitutional is really a non-issue.
SCALIA: Because it is—it was—it was the only penalty for a felony at the time the Constitution was adopted. Nobody ever thought that the Constitution branded the death penalty as cruel and unusual punishment. It just didn't.
RUSSERT: Is it different for Catholic legislators when the church will say you should not be voting for abortion rights, or the church feels this way on the issue of stem-cell research or the death penalty than it is for a Catholic judge?
SCALIA: It may well be. I've always been happy that I'm a judge. And all I have to do is look at the law. What does it say? Tell the truth about what it says, and that's my job. It would be harder for me as a legislator.
RUSSERT: What about things that the founding fathers never anticipated—scanning imagery, computers, laws that involve things that have emerged in recent years?
SCALIA: Well, sure. Any—even if you're an originalist, you have to confront new situations. And for those new technologies, you know, things that never existed, you have to sort of figure the trajectory of the provision you're dealing with.
The example I always use is there was a famous case in the 1920s from New York City, and the city had prohibited the use of sound trucks after 10:00. Sound trucks were pretty new in those days, and politicians were using them. Did that by like (ph) the First Amendment to say no sound trucks.
Well, what you have to do is, there weren't any sound trucks in 1791, when the First Amendment was adopted. So you have to say, well, what would they have thought of it?
Well, they had nuisance laws, including nuisance laws for too much noise. And I think it's easy enough to come to a conclusion. It doesn't violate the First Amendment to impose a reasonable restriction like that.
RUSSERT: What role does precedent play for someone on the Supreme Court, decided law?
SCALIA: Well, I think it depends on whether it's a statutory question or a constitutional question. I think for statutory questions, precedent is almost always determinative.
I very rarely—I can't recall—well, I will not say never, but it is the long tradition that you stand by statutory decisions because Congress can fix it. If indeed you have messed it up, you know, Congress can revise the statute.
That is not the case with constitutional decisions. And so from the earliest times, from, you know, the first half of the 19th century, we overruled prior constitutional decisions, because Congress can't fix it. If you've gotten it wrong, it's going to be wrong forever unless you go back and revise the opinion.
And that is really how we began to separate ourselves from our English forebearers, because they adhered to rigid stare decisis. Adhering to precedent, that was their rule, while we were overruling constitutional cases.
RUSSERT: Whatever you read in the mainstream press about Justice Scalia, let's say a conservative jurist, but when you approach the law on issues like abortion or gay rights, you're constantly writing, if a state wants to pass a law, then can pass a law. My job is to find what I see is in the Constitution.
SCALIA: That's absolutely right. And that's why this notion of a living Constitution, that it creates more flexibility, is just absolutely false.
The purpose and effect of the Constitution is not to make things flexible, but to rigidify them. I mean, if we upheld that the death penalty was unconstitutional, which we came close to doing, that would have been the end. It's no use debating it anymore with your fellow citizens. You just can't have it.
Whereas if you say the Constitution has nothing to say about the subject, persuade your fellow citizens. You don't like the death penalty? Repeal it, as some states have done.
And you can change your mind. You know, you find there are a lot more murders, you can re-institute it.
So, no, I—it is the person who reads more and more into the Constitution who is restricting democratic choice. Every time there's a new constitutional right, democratic debate ends.
RUSSERT: How about an issue like slavery, where the court did change its mind?
SCALIA: Well, I don't know that the court changed its mind. I mean, we adopted the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments which abolished slavery. It wasn't—it wasn't a decision by the court.
And I think the early—it wasn't the court that upheld slavery. I mean, the original Constitution did not prohibit slavery, and indeed acknowledged the existence of the institution, although they did as much as was practically possible to limit it, prohibiting the importation of new slaves after a certain date.
But the Civil War ended all of that. And after the Civil War, since we wanted to change the Constitution, we could come to the Supreme Court and say, hey, change the Constitution for us. We adopted amendments. And an amendment abolishing slavery, and then requiring the states to give equal protection of the laws to all of its citizens.
RUSSERT: But the court often can be the "leader in change" on civil rights, for example.
SCALIA: Yes. I think that's right. But, you know, you can't—you can't decide whether you like the notion that the Constitution morphs, and it morphs the way the court wants it to morph. You can't decide whether that's good or bad on the basis of whether one or two good results may ensue from that.
Of course. I mean, you know, a king can do some good stuff that a democracy probably couldn't put together. You have to look over the long term.
Over the long term, do you want our basic laws to be made by nine lawyers in Washington, or is it mostly democracy that we're after? And just a few limited things that are in the Constitution, and for all the rest, persuade one another.
RUSSERT: We'll take a quick break.
Going to come back and talk about how the Constitution defines us as Americans, because you said some interesting things about that.
The new book, "Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges." The co-author, the justice of the Supreme Court, Antonin Scalia.
RUSSERT: And we're back with Justice Scalia. His new book, he's co-author of "Making Your Case."
The Constitution, in your mind, defines us very much as Americans. To be un-American is not to abide by the Constitution.
SCALIA: Yes. And I've made that point in some talks that I've given. Points not original with me. It was original with a political scientist who used to teach at Georgetown named Martin Diamond (ph).
And he observed that there is no adjective in foreign languages equivalent to un-American. I mean, we have un-American activities. Some things are un-American.
It would make no sense in French political discourse to talk about a particular idea as un-French, or German discourse to say un-German. We are a very strange people, that we really identify ourselves not by our blood or where we were born, but we identify ourselves by fidelity to certain political principles. I don't know that there's ever been a society like that before.
RUSSERT: Why is it?
SCALIA: Don't know why it is. I guess because the country started that way. People largely coming here for political freedom, and then adopting a Constitution that placed a great premium on that. But anyway, that's what Americans are.
RUSSERT: I want to ask you—a comment that you told "60 Minutes" when talking about Bush v. Gore, you said, "Just get over it." Many people have analyzed the decision, found it curious about some justices embracing equal protection, other states' rights, thinking that states' rights as more of a conservative doctrine, or conservative justices gravitate to that.
Looking back at that decision, do you understand why to many people it was controversial?
SCALIA: Oh, I understand why, because they didn't read the Florida Supreme Court opinion. You can't understand that opinion without reading the Florida Supreme Court opinion and understanding the law.
Look, people—do you really think that the people who criticize it intimately know what was afoot there? I don't think so. And...
RUSSERT: What was afoot?
SCALIA: What was afoot was—look it, on—I don't know. Get over it.
I don't want to go back over it.
I mean, the man was elected after that in a different election. The election would have come out the same way anyway. Your colleagues in the press did a check in all the counties of Florida, and had the dimpled chads and the dangling chads been counting the Al Gore wanted, it would have come out the same way.
And even if that hadn't happened, the Florida legislature would have—which was Republican-dominated, would have come out that way. And—anyway, on the principal issue—and people forget this—whether there had been a constitutional violation in what the Florida Supreme Court had done, it wasn't close.
RUSSERT: Seven to two.
SCALIA: Seven to two. The only issue on which it was close was whether we should give the Florida Supreme Court another couple of weeks to try to...
RUSSERT: More time.
SCALIA: ... to try to fix it. And I think it was most unlikely that they would be able to fix it. And meanwhile, if you recall, the country was the laughing stock of the world.
The world's greatest democracy, we couldn't run an election? We didn't know who our next president was going to be? There couldn't be a transition team to enable a smooth transition to the next administration?
It was time to put an end to it. And I frankly think most Americans agreed with that...
RUSSERT: Was it a tough call?
SCALIA: ... and heaved a sigh of relief. No, I think both on whether—whether what had been done was unconstitutional and whether it was time to blow the whistle, I didn't find it a tough call.
RUSSERT: Justices take that into consideration with the image of the country, the laughing stock, what's going on, the need to make a decision to bring things to closure?
SCALIA: I am certain that on that last question, whether to give them more time, which is an equitable question, you take into account all sorts of things. Sure, those were valid things to take into account.
RUSSERT: Your dissent can be very forceful. You use very strong language.
"That's pure applesauce," or "This opinion should not be taken seriously."
How do your colleagues react to that?
SCALIA: I suppose they don't like to be—you know, to be called. I don't think they hate me because of it. They know I'm criticizing their opinion and not them.
They know that I have genuine affection for all of them. All the justices I've sat with I consider good friends. So—you also don't know what's on the cutting room floor, Tim.
SCALIA: You don't know what majority opinions have never seen the light of day.
RUSSERT: Well, share that.
SCALIA: Because, you know, a fairly harsh dissent that pointed out the absurdity. It sometimes works. It doesn't always.
RUSSERT: Does it make them better when you challenge them intellectually?
SCALIA: Oh, it makes me better when there's a dissent. I am firmly of the view that the worst opinions of my court have been unanimous. It's always good to have somebody pointing out all the weaknesses in your opinion.
And you can patch them or, if it's correct, you know, revise that section of the opinion. But the opinions I worry the most about are the ones that I'm writing for the whole court. There's nobody to keep me honest.
RUSSERT: Which is interesting, because there are many people who think that more of the Supreme Court decisions should be unanimous in sensitive areas.
SCALIA: No. I think that's—that's silly. What would be remarkable—people say, ooh, so many of the opinions are 5-4. What would be remarkable, if there were not many 5-4 opinions, because after all, we only take a case when the lower courts, usually federal courts with very good judges, appointed by the president, confirmed by the Senate, only when they disagree. So you'd expect a lot of 5 -- these are close questions, many of them.
RUSSERT: Another break. "Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges."
Antonin Scalia is the co-author with Bryan Garner.
RUSSERT: And we're back. The book, "Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges." The co-author, Antonin Scalia, justice of the Supreme Court.
You were confirmed 98-0 back in 1986.
SCALIA: Right.
RUSSERT: And you said now the political environment...
SCALIA: Wait a minute. Let's be fair. The two missing were Barry Goldwater and Jake Garnes.
RUSSERT: Where were they?
SCALIA: They were ill, I think.
RUSSERT: So you wanted a shutout.
SCALIA: I did.
RUSSERT: You wanted 100-0.
SCALIA: Call it 100. Come on.
RUSSERT: You now say that in these times you probably couldn't get 60 votes.
SCALIA: I think that's probably true.
SCALIA: I think things have changed. I think -- my explanation—and I had been predicting it for a while—is that the people have finally figured out what the Supreme Court had been doing for the previous 40 years or so since the Warren court, since the advent of the morphing, living Constitution. And when the people figured out that, by George, they are rewriting the Constitution, term by term, and once you realize that that's what's going on, it's terribly important to have good lawyers.
I mean, that's nice, other things being considered—being equal. But the main thing is you want people who are going to write the new Constitution that you'll like. And that's how the hearings go now.
They ask the—you know, the nominee, do you think there's a right to—you don't? Well, I think it's there and my constituents think it's there, and we're not going to put anybody on the court who doesn't think that that right is—you know, that's what's going on. It's absolutely crazy. It's like having a mini constitutional convention every time you put a new nominee on the court.
RUSSERT: There seems also the search for people without a paper trail, people who haven't offered opinion on any subject.
SCALIA: Exactly. That's the consequence. That's the consequence.
But it's inevitable. And frankly, I prefer it to the alternative. If indeed the court is going to rewrite the Constitution term by term, I'd rather have the people decide what the new Constitution ought to be than have the court.
RUSSERT: Is it hard withholding your opinions when you're out talking publicly?
SCALIA: On pending cases? No.
RUSSERT: No, pending cases you never do. But the other day, in terms of torture, you said, well, you know, in terms of punishment for a crime, it's one thing, but in terms of whether it's permissible, interrogation is another thing. And it created a huge debate.
SCALIA: Oh, god. Yes. And I made the mistake of saying, well, you know, I wouldn't—I wouldn't even get into this back home. But I was in London.
RUSSERT: You were citing Jack Bauer.
SCALIA: You guys follow us everywhere now.
RUSSERT: Jack Bauer—you talk about Jack Bauer.
SCALIA: No, I talked about Jack Bauer in Canada, and you guys were there too.
RUSSERT: But is it hard limiting, offering your views?
SCALIA: Yes, it is. At least if you're a former academic. You know, we like to mouth off, the academics.
RUSSERT: Your dad, Eugene, an academic, Brooklyn College, romance languages, he gave you some advice about brains versus character. What was it?
SCALIA: Well, yes. You have to know that he was a man of the mind, a real intellectual, much more intellectual person than I am. And I never forget the advice.
He said, "Son, brains are like muscles. You can hire them by the hour.
The only thing in this world that is not for sale is character."
I always remembered that.
RUSSERT: Made an impression, didn't it?
SCALIA: Made a big impression. You can buy brains, you can't buy character.
RUSSERT: You were an only child.
RUSSERT: And you have nine children.
SCALIA: It wasn't all bad either.
RUSSERT: But now you have nine children.
SCALIA: That's true. That's true. We didn't set out to have nine. It just sort of happened that way. But, you know, I don't know which one I'd throw away if I had...
RUSSERT: You haven't thought about that?
SCALIA: Well, it's a different one each month. Put it that way.
RUSSERT: Justice Antonin Scalia, "Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges."
We thank you very much for coming and sharing this book, and sharing a most interesting conversation.
SCALIA: Thank you, Tim. I've enjoyed it.
RUSSERT: And we'll be back next week.
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
www.voxant.com) ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No license is granted to the user of this material other than for research. User may not reproduce or redistribute the material except for user's personal or internal use and, in such case, only one copy may be printed, nor shall user use any material for commercial purposes or in any fashion that may infringe upon MSNBC and Voxant, Inc.'s copyright or other proprietary rights or interests in the material. This is not a legal transcript for purposes of litigation.>
Watch Tim Russert Saturdays, 12 p.m. and 6 p.m. ET and Sundays, 12 p.m. ET

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Awesome beach themed bedroom paint colors collection also decor bedrooms images fresh are fantastic with beach themed bedroom paint colors girl sets bedrooms for 2018 including attractive ideas. Below are a few good reasons and can nevertheless be an incredible preference.
6 variety of beach themed bedroom paint colors on this page to assist your comprehensive the venture with ease.


text:
Causes of Environmental Degradation in India
Answer – 1
Some of the major causes of environmental degradation are as follows: (1) State Responsibility (2) Class Interests (3) Inefficient Exploitation of Resources (4) Fragile Environment (5) The Villagers Themselves (6) The Iron-Triangle.
There has been a definite degradation of rural resource base including land-use, water, fuel and pollution. Compared to the urban life, the losses of rural society are lesser but the degradation in the village community is directly related to their sources of livelihood. The village people traditionally eked out their living from forest wood and minor forest products. With the degradation of forests, the village sources of subsistence have dried up.
Some of the forms of degradation are directly related to the implementation of development programmes. The construction of dams major or minor has rendered the cultivable soil as a saline soil. These dams cause multiplier effect on the village life. The big farmers are the gainers of canal water irrigation. Irrigation increases the farm growth and ultimately the village society becomes a class society.
The environmental degradation has ruined the village life. Such a deteriorating environmental situation raised some important questions: If the present trend of degradation continues, what is the future of village community? From where will the villagers collect their fuel wood?
How the peasants would get their implements repair and how will they be able to build their house? The questions are several, but the basic thing is that those who are guilty of committing the crime of environmental degradation, even if it is the state, who will hang them?
(1) State Responsibility:
The state in India is a class state. It gives priority to the vested interests of the societal elites, leaders and persons belonging to higher classes. Though the state is armed with legislation to protect the natural environment, at the operational level all legislative measures are thrown asunder.
There is a coalition between the forest officials, political leaders and the mafia. The role of state has become suspicious. The state, in its enthusiasm for development, has not considered seriously about the decay of environment. The schemes initiated for the revival of ecosystem have yielded nothing substantial and huge sums of money are wasted. Anil Agarwal and Sunita Narain have argued that it is very easy for the state to create unproductive employment in the name of enhancing the cause of environment.
The authors write:
The same story goes for afforestation. A British economist once pointed out that it is very easy to create unproductive employment just dig a hole and fill it back with earth and keep doing that perpetually. The latest name of that game is afforestation.
"Dig a hole, put in a sapling, fill it with earth; next year the sapling dies and the entire exercise begins again." Between 1980 and 1989 the government claimed to have planted forests over 11.82 million hectares an area almost equal to Assam and Kerala combined.
Can anybody believe such figures? Indian bureaucracy, today, operates such mega-projects with such mega-targets that it does not even care to taste the veracity of its figures. A lot of these hectares have been planted under the very programmes that L.C. Jain was wondering about.
Whether it is the central government or the state government, the development programmes are launched without taking into consideration the interests of the poor who reside in the villages. It is observed that the state is the prime accuse so far as the environmental degradation is concerned.
(2) Class Interests:
One very serious reason for the degradation of environment is the class interest. The high class people demand much from forest. There are traders who are engaged in the export of the carcasses of wild animals. This affects the population of lions, elephants and other animals.
Much furniture is required for decorating the drawing rooms and shopping complexes. Demands from natural resources are so fantastic that it results in the decay of natural environment. It must be observed that it is the class interest which is largely responsible for the loss of environment. Commenting on the responsibility of elites and rich people in the degradation of environment, Madhav Gadgil observes:
This degradation occurs for two kinds of reasons: first, because we are making increasing demands on the resources of the country; and second, because these demands are being met in a higher undisciplined fashion.
(3) Inefficient Exploitation of Resources:
Whether the elites, government officials or traders, all exploit the natural resources in a very inefficient way. The forests are axed ruthlessly. The mining is very unscientific. As a matter of fact, the exploitation of natural base is highly characterised by indiscipline and inefficiency. The approach to nature, from all points of view, is wasteful. The tragedy is that both the elites and the masses put the blames on each other for the degradation of environment.
(4) Fragile Environment:
When there is exploitation of natural resources, whether forest, flora, fauna or water, we must understand that the environment which we find today is of very fragile nature. Pointing to the fragility of environmental resources Anil Agarwal and Sunita Narain comment:
Environmental resources are extremely fragile. A tree has to be cared for, especially if it is a multipurpose tree which not only provides wood but also fruit or fodder. A pond is also a fragile resource because its catchment must be brought under a good land use system otherwise it will silt up very fast. This care cannot be provided by government officials. It can only be provided by the village people themselves.
(5) The Villagers Themselves:
Last but not the least; the villagers are also responsible partly for the degradation of environment. It is alleged that a part of forest is cut down by the villagers themselves. Either they sell it in the market or use it for their own consumption. They also become a party to the forest contractors and put their axe to the trees quite ruthlessly.
It is argued that if the classes are held responsible for the degradation of the forests, the masses of the people are equally responsible. They seldom stand up in the protection of their natural resources. If the class people are hanged for the crime of environmental decay, the masses should also be hanged for the same crime.
(6) The Iron-Triangle:
If we get a glimpse of our rural India, we would find that there are a few pockets in the country which have witnessed a large quantum of environmental degradation. Among these are included the industrial belt in western Maharashtra, the areas around Coimbatore in Tamilnadu, metropolises like Delhi and Chennai, and tracts of green revolution in Punjab and Haryana. The degradation of environment is traced to some forces. These forces have been explained by what is called as the 'iron-triangle'. This term is used by the Americans.
The iron-triangle is explained by the following categories of people who benefit from the exploitation of the resource base:
(1) Those who, benefit from the subsidies: the industrialists, the urban populations, rich farmers;
(2) Those who decide on who is to be subsidised at whose cost: the politicians; and
(3) Those who administer the subsidies: the bureaucracy.
Thus, according to the iron-triangle, the benefits of environmental degradation are cornered by the industry, urban populations, rich farmers, politicians and bureaucrats.
Madhav Gadgil argues that the subsidies given to the farmers and people of industry generally go in favour of the rich farmers, contractors and others. This kind of explanation given by the American social scientists describes the situation of America. In our country, agriculture is given top priority because it is concerned with the food production.
The farmers are provided subsidies or concessions on the consumption of electricity, diesel and fertilisers including the insecticides. For all these agricultural inputs there are liberal provisions of credit and subsidies.
All these benefits are availed of by the big farmers and the absentee landlords. In the context of our country, besides subsidies, there are a large number of other forces also which are responsible for the environmental decay. The iron-triangle thus explains a part of the situation and not the whole.
7 More Causes of Environmental Degradation in India
Some of the major causes of environmental degradation are as follows: (1) Population Explosion (2) Increasing Number of People below Poverty Line (3) Increasing Urbanisation (4) Modernisation of Agriculture (5) More Rapid Industrialisation (6) Multiplicity of the Means of Transport (7) Discard of Civic Norms.
(1) Population Explosion:
One of the main causes of environmental degradation is the tendency of population explosion in India. As a result of it, pressure of population on land has increased very much and land is being exploited ruthlessly. Population explosion has caused large-scale deforestation to make use of the land for:
(i) Agriculture,
(ii) Construction projects that is (a) construction of houses for urban population, (b) construction of river-valley projects for irrigation and power supply.
(2) Increasing Number of People:
Number of persons living below the poverty line is very large in India. These people cut trees for their subsistence and thereby exploit natural capital.
(3) Increasing Urbanisation:
Tendency of urbanisation has gained momentum after independence. As a result, demand for houses and other public amenities has increased tremendously. To meet this increasing demand, land and other natural resources have been excessively exploited.
(4) Modernisation of Agriculture:
Consequent upon modernisation of agriculture, effect of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has increased very much. It has also contributed to the rise in pollution.
(5) More Rapid Industrialisation:
After independence, Indian economy has witnessed rapid industrialisation. It has added to air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution.
(6) Multiplicity of the Means of Transport:
Increasing multiplicity of the means of transport, in the wake of independence, has also been another main cause of the problem of environment. It has resulted in large-scale air and noise pollution.
(7) Discard of Civic Norms:
General public in India is not a respecter of civic norms. People abuse it. For instance, no cleanliness on roads, littering of roads with rubbish, drains remaining choked with silt and refuse, excessive use of loud- speakers, etc. All these factors add to environmental pollution. In short, whereas on the one hand,' environment has degraded as a result of rapid industrialisation and urbanisation. On the other, due to neglect of civic norms by the people, the process of pollution has assumed a permanent character.
The Costs of Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation
Environmental Degradation: Reasons, Effects and Suggestions
Status of Cooperatives in Rural India
People's Movement for the Protection of Environment


ARForms has new extension which accept payment via Authorize.Net Payment Gateway. ARForms Authorize.Net is just another wordpress plugin which you can install and manage just like other wordpress plugins. ARForms Authorize.Net plugin integrates your form entries and payment in a single process. You can charge customers with Dynamic amount directly after form submission from ARForms.


text:
González asks to remove bodyguards from politicians who do not comply with an executive order | government
The Secretary of Health, Lorenzo González, asked the director of the Police Bureau, Henry Escalera, not to provide an escort to the political caravans that violate the executive order that seeks to prevent Covid-19 infections.
"The fact that there are candidates for governor campaigning and part of the caravans have come up for discussion and we have said and reiterated that this is not contemplated in the executive order and the candidates are called to recognize that they are in violation of a law. executive order, "González said as he left a meeting in La Fortaleza with Governor Wanda Vázquez today.
He assured that Escalera said he would "evaluate" the approach. It is not the first time that politicians violate the executive order. During the primaries, when the governor was a primary candidate, similar proposals were made for holding events with crowds, without distancing and with people without a mask.
"This has to be evaluated. We cannot continue evaluating that the general population pays attention and the candidates for governor openly violate, with photos in all the computer media and violating an executive order ", indicated González. "How are we going to govern the country if we do not follow the rules of the executive order."
Previous FEMA allocates more than $ 238 million to PREPA | government
Next González asks to remove bodyguards from politicians who do not comply with an executive order | government


A classical Tallinn Old town walking tour, for those who love history and want to know a bit more about this beautiful city.
Discover the historical part of Tallinn by foot. Walk the small historical streets of Tallinn and learn the history of it. Our tour guide will try to answer all your questions that you might have, about Tallinn and its old city.
This tour will start from the popular meeting point at Fat Margaret's Tower. Depending from the tour guide and the time that you have chosen, to go on this tour, your route might be different. But from the first steps of your Tallinn Old Town walking tour, you will be provided with many very interesting facts about Tallinn.
This tour will be provided by local tour guide, and the tour will be provided in your chosen language. Together with tour guide you will walk mainly around the city center, since the most highlights are close to Old town.
All our tour guides are with government approved certificates so you don't need to worry about the information source – we can guarantee that all information that will be provided by our tour guide is correct and 100% true.
You will be visiting the medieval Old Town of Tallinn, Marvel at the Oleviste Church, Cathedral of Alexander Nevski and Toompea Castle. Panoramic view of Tallinn from Toompea hill and more places during your walk through the old town.


text:
Q: How do I create multiple C++ threads without blocking the main thread using join()? I have a simple TCP client/server in C++ and I am currently spawning a thread per connected user to handle messages, however I have run into a few issues and I'm not sure how to solve them as I am unfamiliar with the standard C++ threading.
When a client connects to the server, a thread is created for that client until they are disconnected using something like
clientThread = thread(processMessages);
clientThread.join();

This thread will persist for the lifetime of the client. As I have called join() on this thread, when client 2 connects while client 1 is still connected, it is blocked by the join() call.
Removing this join() call means that when a client disconnects, the thread is destroyed causing a terminate() error due to it being joinable.
How can I make this client thread just process in the background while the main thread can just continue and accept new connections?

A: Just showing how you can store created thread objects:
std::vector<std::thread> threads;
threads.emplace_back(processMessages);
...
for (auto & t : threads) t.join();

However, as others pointed out in comments, creating a thread for each new connection might not be the best approach.


text:
MUFG acts as Mandated Lead Arranger on $320m Saudi Arabia project
MUFG has supported the $320m financing of the 55 MIGD Shuaibah water desalination plant in Saudi Arabia.
MUFG acted as the Mandated Lead Arranger, Hedge Provider, Intercreditor Agent and Offshore Account Bank on behalf of ACWA Power.
Once completed, Shuaibah will have a capacity of 250,000m3 of potable water per day, utilising reverse osmosis technology.
The Shuaibah plant is key to supporting Saudi Arabia's efforts to bridge the long term supply needs across the country and minimise future demand-supply gaps. Shuaibah will sell 100 per cent of the desalinated water under a long-term Water Purchase Agreement, to Water & Electricity Company.
The plant is located approximately 120km south of Jeddah on the west coast.
Financing comprised a Floating Rate Term Loan Facility, a Standby Debt Facility and a Term Loan Fixed Rate Facility.
Carol Gould, Head of Power and Renewables, said:
"ACWA Power is one of the leading developers of core power and water desalination infrastructure across the region and MUFG is delighted to have been able to support the financing of the Shuaibah project, which will help meet the long term demand for potable water in Saudi Arabia. We look forward to playing a future role in similar projects in coming years."
MUFG is a leading provider of project finance across EMEA and has supported a varied range of transactions, including financing the Sweihan solar Photovoltaic project in Abu Dhabi this year, which is the largest Photovoltaic project globally.
A market leader in financing renewables, thermal power, transmission, and distribution projects


text:
Innocent is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by George Fitzmaurice and starring Fannie Ward, John Miltern, and Armand Kaliz.

The film's sets were designed by the art director William Cameron Menzies.

Cast
 Fannie Ward as Innocent
 John Miltern as John Wyndham
 Armand Kaliz as Louis Doucet
 Frederick Perry as Peter McCormack
 Rae Allen as Undetermined Role
 Nathaniel Sack as Undetermined Role

References

Bibliography
 Jay Robert Nash, Robert Connelly & Stanley Ralph Ross. Motion Picture Guide Silent Film 1910-1936. Cinebooks, 1988.

External links

1918 films
1918 drama films
1910s English-language films
American silent feature films
Silent American drama films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by George Fitzmaurice
1910s American films


Microsoft products, including Windows Server, Exchange Server and desktop operating systems, continue to be vulnerable to exploitation from malicious code.
We continue to have issues with email that relate to the vulnerabilities of Microsoft products, including Windows Server, Exchange Server and desktop operating systems, to exploitation from malicious code.
The latest episode, last Friday, involved over 111,000 spam email messages being relayed through Exchange servers on campus from some outside source, resulting in our Exchange Server being overwhelmed, and blacklisted by several anti-spam services. The issue appears to have been resolved but there is no understanding of what had happened or how it was fixed. The security on the server has been increased to such an extent that there continues to be problems sending legitimate email from some machines. The server is no longer blacklisted.


Investing in themselves': Single female homeownership is booming in New Orleans – "Buying a house feels like more of a commitment than marriage. City and state programs offer forgivable loans to help first-time homebuyers bridge funding gaps. Platforms like HomeFundIt help users.
What is a Bridge Loan? – PropertyMetrics – In this case, a bridge loan may be appropriate to finance the down payment for the new house. Once the old house sells, the loan would be.
How to Get a Loan to Build a House – Discover Home Loans Blog – Instead of buying an existing house for your next home, have you considered building? There can be many advantages to owning a brand-new house, such as higher energy efficiency, lower repair costs, and the opportunity to customize many features. The first step is determining how to get a loan to build.
Construction and Bridge Loans Match Special Needs – Construction and Bridge Loans Match Special Needs. Bridge loans can be useful in today's slower housing market (January 2007).. and borrow against the equity in your existing home to pay the down payment for your new house. A bridge loan is for a short term, say six months..
Bridge Loans: Finance Your Housing Transition | Mortgage. – What Is A bridge loan? bridge loans are temporary mortgages that provide a downpayment for a new home before completing the sale of your current residence. Many buyers today would like to sell.
Bridge Loans for Property Investors of all Experience Levels. – LendingHome offers bridge loans to property investors to purchase, rehab or. You want to scale your existing business by taking on multiple house flipping.
List of National Historic Landmarks in Ohio – Wikipedia – This is a List of National Historic Landmarks in Ohio and other landmarks of equivalent landmark status in the state. The united states' national Historic Landmark (NHL) program is operated under the auspices of the National Park Service, and recognizes structures, districts, objects, and similar resources according to a list of criteria of national significance.
How to Get a Loan to Build a House – Discover – How to Get a Loan to Build a House. Sep 26, 2016. The first step is determining how to get a loan to build.. your lender may offer a bridge loan to use while your new home is being built and you're waiting for your current one to sell. This can be an expensive, somewhat risky situation.
Bridge Loans Utah Bamboo Cyclist' pleads guilty to Utah Ponzi scheme – Instead of investing their funds in bridge loans or "hard money loans," however, he used $1.5 million to pay businesses run by his circle of acquaintances, the U.S. Attorney's Office reported. The.
Mortgage Loan – Loan Against Property Online in India. – Bank of Baroda brings to you an innovative combination of a loan and over draft facility with flexible repayment options against the security of your immovable property.
Edinburgh Asset Finance unveils advance auction loan – A collateral loan company has teamed up with McTear's auction house to provide a first-of-its-kind service. an exclusive partnership with the Glasgow-headquartered auctioneer, is designed to bridge.
What Is The Purpose Of A Bridge Purpose Of A Bridge Diode Rectifiers – Kingtronics – Diodes and Rectifiers Brief introduction. kingtronics produce and sell many different kinds of diodes and rectifiers, general purpose diode M7, 1N4007, 1N5408, switching diodes ll4148, zener diodes BZV55C, fast recovery diodes etc.A covered bridge played a supporting role in one of Hollywood's most intense and fleeting love stories: The Bridges of Madison County, which.


A vibrant city, Brussels has much to offer besides delicious fries, waffles, and beer! These 33 tips from a Brussels local will help you to see the de facto capital of the European Union in a whole new light.
One of the most multicultural cities in the world, Brussels is a fascinating place replete with a wealth of vibrant neighborhoods for you to explore outside of the beautiful historic center.
With numerous different sides to it, the capital of Belgium truly has something for everyone to enjoy, from fine dining and nightlife to historical monuments to quirky art installations.
This list of 33 things to see and do in Brussels will help you dive in and discover the hidden delights of what this city has to offer.
1. The Grand Place is the first place that everyone heads to and with good reason, too. The cobbled square is surrounded by elegant guild houses and the architecture is absolutely stunning. Among the many highlights is the fantastic Town Hall which dominates one side of the square.
2. No visit to Brussels is complete without taking a photo of Manneken Pis, a quirky statue of a peeing boy!
3. For the best view in the city head to Mont des Arts at sunset when you can see the spire of the Town Hall glinting in the sun.
4. Located in Brussels' oldest neighborhood, Place du Jeu de Balle is the place to head to if you want a quintessential Brusselaar experience. The lively flea market runs every single day of the year.
5. Famed for its frites, Maison Antoine in Place Jourdan is one of the most popular spots in town. Although Frit Flagey is certainly rivals for delicious, sauce-covered fries.
6. Takea walking tour around Brussels and learn all about the city's history, such as how a performance at La Monnaie opera house inspired a riot which led to the Kingdom of Belgium being formed! And don't forget to sample lots of chocolate along the way.
7. With so manyBelgian beers to try, Delirium is the best place to head to as it has over 3000 beers on offer from around the world and a lively atmosphere any day of the week.
8. Admire wonderful art at the Oldmasters Museum which showcases masterpieces by such renowned artists as Bruegel, Rubens, and van Dyck.
9. Explore the fantastic restaurants, bars, and cafes around Saint Boniface, a peaceful and picturesque square bordered by a beautiful church.
10. With its lovely facade, the Palais Royal is definitely worth stopping by. The palace is open during the summer for visitors who want to wander around.
11. Window shop in the beautiful Galeries Royales Saint-Hubert.
12. Relax in Parc du Cinquantenaire and snap a picture of the stupendous triumphal arch. Or visit the Royal Military Museum and AutoWorld Museum, both of which are located in the park.
13. Watch an RSC Anderlecht soccer match – be sure to wear the team's colors: purple and white!
14. For some of the best joe in town, you can't beat Corica which has delicious coffee from countries such as Papua New Guinea, Mozambique, and Guatemala.
15. Well off the beaten path, Parc Josaphat is one of the prettiest parks in Brussels.
16. If you like to cut up a rug, Bonnefooi is a lovely bar close to the center that has free music and DJ sets most weeknights.
17. Sip a drink at Cafe Belga and enjoy the sun while sitting on Place Flagey.
18. Constructed in 1958 for Brussels' World Expo, the Atomium is still standing and is now one of the city's most recognizable landmarks. Visit the particular structure and the Mini-Europe.
19. Let off some steam by treating yourself to the sauna and a massage at Riad Hammam.
20. Sitting on the outskirts of Brussels, Tervuren is worth a visit to check out the recently renovated Royal Museum for Central Africa and the beautiful greenery surrounding it.
21. Explore the Parlamentarium in the European quarter and learn all about how the European Parliament works.
22. An atmospheric bar with a great jukebox, head to Booze n Blues to try some genever, the juniper-flavored national liqueur.
23. Running every Sunday, the bustling Midi market offers an authentic look at life in Brussels.
24. Music lovers must visit the enthralling Museum of Musical Instruments.
25. Follow the Comic Strip Route map which takes you past fifty of the city's best street art murals.
26. If you want an unforgettable night out, head to Mademoiselle, a cabaret with live burlesque and drag queen performances.
27. Architecture lovers will adore the Horta Museum which showcases the famous architect's work.
28. Sit on the steps of La Bourse with a waffle in hand and watch the world go by.
29. Visit St. Michael and St. Gudula Cathedral and marvel at the huge organ.
30. Sit and relax in the beautiful gardens at Botanique.
31. Stroll around the Commune de Saint-Gilles and enjoy a drink on the marvelous parvis.
32. Check out the great concert line up at Ancienne Belgique and go and watch a gig.
33. Dine at Au Soleil d'Afrique in Matonge – Brussels' lively African quarter.


Increase your activity across Life, Invest and Insure and you will have tickets entered into the draw to win the ultimate Apple combo.
Achieve at least 24 activations during April 2018 and stand the chance to win the ultimate Apple combo - an Apple iPad, iMac, MacBook Air and an Apple Watch Series 3 to the value of R50 000. Based on your activity you can have tickets entered into the draw for April 2018.
The minimum qualifying criteria is 24 combined Life, Invest and Insure cases, with at least 1 case per product line. You will receive one ticket in the draw for each activated case.
Your ticket allocation will be boosted based on the number of cases per product line, as per the below.
This challenge will run from 26 March 2018 – 25 April 2018.
Activations follow recognition activation metric.
Group RA cases count as 10% per individual case.
Start activating your Life, Invest and Insure cases now to qualify!


The LXN-RE is an expansion unit for the Loxone Enclosure range. Loxone recommend using multi stack patch terminals across the top rail where all incoming cables get routed to, keeping the control low voltage and 24V RGBW to one side and mains to the other side. This makes the LXN-RE Ideal for this setup, or retrospectively adding units to an installation or for adding to a larger unit to meet specified requirements.
The unit is designed to be paired with an LXN enclosure with included studs to attach the two together and matching cable holes for connections.


We have a huge selection of Mercruiser propellers in stock & Ready to Ship NOW!
Green Bay Prop ships Mercruiser Alpha One propellers worldwide. We stock most sizes and 3 brand names of Mercruiser boat props such as Solas, Quicksilver and Michigan Wheel Props. We have more Mercruiser props for sale than we can put online! Getting the correct pitch on your Mercruiser propeller is important. Go down in prop pitch to increase RPMs and Hole Shot Power. Go up in propeller pitch to reduce top end RPMs and increase speed. Generally a good Mercruiser Alpha One Propeller will run the engine at 4400 RPMs at wide open throttle.


Egyptair (MS) generated EGP20.7billion (USD3billion) in revenue for its latest 2012/2013 Financial Year, a rise of 63% on that recorded for 2011/2012, Egyptian Minister of Civil Aviation, Abdel Aziz Fadel, has announced. Speaking in Cairo outlining the current state of Egypt's civil aviation industry, Mr Fadel did however concede that, despite the rise in revenue, the airline was still struggling to turn a profit as it is saddled with EGP11.5billion (USD1.7billion) in debt.
► JAPAN: EgyptAir planning to nix its Osaka flights from late October over Tokyo's travel advisory.
With the recent suspension of flights to Tokyo Narita, Egyptair (MS) has now announced plans to terminate its twice weekly Cairo - Osaka Kansai service with effect from October 20.
► INDONESIA: Fadel confirms Egyptair's new Jakarta route as a request for St. Catherine flights is put in.
Egyptair's (MS) previously outlined plans for a service to the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, are one step closer to reality following a recent meeting between the Egyptian Minister of Civil Aviation, Abdel Aziz Fadel, and Mr Nurfaizi Suwandi, the Indonesian Ambassador to Egypt in which an agreement pertaining to the route (operated via Kuala Lumpur) is set to start operating from December 2.
■ EGYPT: Despite heavy sustained losses, Fadel outlines his longterm vision for Egyptair.
Egyptian Minister of Civil Aviation, Mr Abdul Aziz Fadel, says the current Egyptian government is determined to map out the future for a New Egypt by leveraging the country's aviation and tourism sectors to help kick start the stalled economy. The minister's comments come against the back drop of plunging tourist arrivals caused by the country's ongoing political and social unrest which thus far have cost national carrier, Egyptair (MS), "considerable losses". Previous reports stated the national airline's arrivals had dropped 10% since the military coup of July 3 and the ensuing civil unrest.
► EGYPT: Egyptair outlines further changes to its Winter 2013/14 schedule.
Further to the last post on the subject, AirlineRoute reports that Egyptair (MS) has unveiled further planned changes & developments to its Winter 2013/14 Timetable set to come into effect from October 27.
► EGYPT: Egyptair planning Ndjamena, Jakarta flights this December.
In line with previously announced plans to expand its international network during the Winter 2013/14 season, Egyptair (MS) has outlined its initial plans for services to Ndjamena, Chad and Jakarta, Indonesia beginning in mid December this year. Jakarta will tentatively operate 4x weekly via Kuala Lumpur onboard an A330 beginning December 2 while Ndjamena flights, scheduled to begin on December 17, will operate 3x weekly on-board an A320. The operations at this stage are still subject to changes, postponements and cancellations.
The Egyptian Minister of Civil Aviation, Abdel Aziz Fadel, has confirmed that all airports in the country are operating normally though the imposition of a curfew in Cairo has resulted in national carrier Egyptair (MS) asking passengers to be at Cairo International Airport at least 4 hours before the scheduled departure time of any international flights and 90 minutes before departure for domestic flights. He added the main road to Cairo airport was open and is closely monitored by police checkpoints and armed patrols.
► EGYPT: Egyptair outlines initial Winter 2013/14 schedule changes.
AirlineRoute reports that as per the August 9 GDS timetable/inventory display, Egyptair (MS) has outlined the following changes to its Winter 2013/14 operation effective from October 27 on.
► JAPAN: EgyptAir axes Tokyo Narita from mid July.
Having progressively reduced the frequency of flights over the last year, Egyptair (MS) has now announced that it will suspend flights from Cairo to Tokyo Narita airport with effect from July 11. The decision is likely exacerbated by the continuing political turmoil in Egypt.
■ EGYPT: Egyptair selects ARINC's AviNet for check-in system.
US-based Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated (ARINC) has announced that EgyptAir (MS) has signed a contract for its AviNet Airport service to support check-in operations using the Amadeus ALTEA Departure Control System (DCS).
■ EGYPT: Egyptair pilot strike called off after just 12 hours following Minister's intervention.
EgyptAir (MS) pilots ended a 12-hour sit-in at Cairo International Airport on Thursday over pay and conditions following a meeting with Egyptian Civil Aviation Minister, Engineer Wael al-Maadawy who promised he would "study their demands and discuss terms with a staff delegation".
► BRAZIL: Royal Air Maroc to return to Brazil from mid December.
Morocco's national carrier, Royal Air Maroc (AT) is set to join the growing number of African carriers jostling for a share of the growing South America - Africa market when it resumes flights to Brazil from December this year. Swiss aviation newswire, ch-aviation, reports that flights from Casablanca to Sao Paolo will operate 3x weekly using a 767-300ER effective 20 December.
■ EGYPT: Egyptair's losses to narrow by 57% during this financial year; EHCAAN's profits to rise 15% - El-Maadawy.
Egyptian Minister of Civil Aviation, Engineer Wael El-Maadawy, has announced that Egyptian national carrier, EgyptAir (MS), is expected to see an improvement in its business climate with losses for the current 2012/13 fiscal year decreasing 57% compared to last year. Additionally, the Egyptian Holding Company for Airports and Air Navigation (EHCAAN) is expected to see a 15% rise in its profits on the back of the increased use of Egyptian airports as transit points.
►► CHINA: Egyptair cancels plans to boost Beijing flights to 4x weekly from July.
[UPDATE 27 MAY] As per 13MAY13 GDS Inventory display, Egyptair is currently planning to add a 4th weekly Cairo – Beijing flight, starting 01JUL13. The new flight will operate from Cairo on Mondays, Wednesdays from Beijing. Reservation for the new flight, however, is not currently available.
► JAPAN: EgyptAir to reduce Tokyo Narita to 2x weekly from May.
Despite previous utterances claiming it would immediately cease its Tokyo and Osaka flights citing poor loads and little to no government support for the flights, Egyptair (MS), as per the 30APR13 GDS inventory display, will, during the Winter 2013/14 season, continue to operate a twice weekly Cairo – Tokyo Narita flight using a Boeing 777-200ER.
► QATAR: Egyptair to go double daily to Doha from June.
EgyptAir (MS) has announced the addition of direct flights between Cairo and Doha, Qatar starting 01JUN 2013 using Boeing 737-800 aircraft. The increase will bring the total number of weekly flights to 14 per week in a double daily operation, up from the current 10x weekly. The new frequencies will leave Cairo in the late evening, returning from Doha in the early morning.
► UNITED STATES: Egyptair reduces Cairo - New York JFK ops for duration of April.
Egyptair (MS), during the month of April 2013, is temporarily reducing its Cairo – New York JFK operations, where overall service is being reduced from daily to 5 weekly. A Boeing 777-300ER aircraft operates on this route.
► ZIMBABWE: Egyptair in talks to lease aircraft to Air Zimbabwe?
Egyptian national carrier, Egyptair (MS), says it is in talks with Zimbabwean national carrier, Air Zimbabwe (UM), over a possible code-share deal as well as a lease arrangement for an unspecified number of aircraft, for use during the upcoming XXth United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) General Assembly to be co-hosted by both Livingstone, Zambia and its Zimbabwean counterpart, Victoria Falls, from 24 to 30 August.


text:
This Fourth of July, 'Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over' by The Saratoga County Sheriff's Office
July 2, 2014 - Featured Articles - Tagged: arrests, DWI, fourth of july, saratoga, sheriff, tickets
The Fourth of July is a favorite holiday for many Americans. Families and friends gather to celebrate our country with food, parades, parties, and fireworks. For many people, the celebration includes alcohol, but the holiday quickly goes from festive to fatal when people choose to drive after drinking. Over the July 4th holiday period in 2012 alone, 78 people were killed in alcohol impaired-driving crashes on our nation's roads.
To crack down on drunk driving this Fourth of July, The Saratoga County Sheriff's Office and local and state law enforcement will be out in full force, aggressively targeting those who put lives in danger. The 'Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over' campaign means zero tolerance for drunk driving.
Data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA show that 10,322 people were killed in drunk-driving crashes in the United States in 2012 representing a third of all crash fatalities. Data shows that the Fourth of July holiday period is especially deadly. During the July 4th period in 2012 (6 p.m. on July 3 to 5:59 a.m. on July 5), there were 179 people killed in crashes, and 44 percent of those crashes were alcohol-impaired.
In every state, it is illegal to drive with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 or higher, yet people continue to break the law and drive drunk. According to the FBI, over 1.28 million drivers were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotics in 2012. And the rate of high-BAC impaired driving is astounding. In fatal crashes during the July 4th period in 2012, more than one fourth (28%) involved a driver or motorcycle operator with a BAC of .15 or higher, almost twice the legal limit.
NHTSA data also reveals that 46 percent of young (age 18-34) drivers were drunk (BAC of .08 or higher) while driving in fatal crashes over the July 4th period in 2012(6 p.m. on July 3 to 5:59 a.m. on July 5) Motorcycle operators are also overrepresented as the highest percentage of alcohol impaired drivers in fatal crashes. In 2012, more than one-fourth (27%) of the motorcycle operators in fatal crashes had a BAC of .08 or higher.
Drunk drivers are more common at night, too. Over the July 4th period in 2012, more than a third (39%) of the drivers in nighttime fatal crashes (6 p.m. to 5:59 a.m.) were alcohol-impaired, as compared to 16 percent of drivers in fatal crashes during the day.


Coach magazine launches with a print distribution of 300,000 across the UK and with a fully responsive website www.coachmag.co.uk that supplements the print product.
The magazine is tailored for busy commuters – targeted at ABC1 men in the 24-55 age range. Coach will launch as the biggest men's health and fitness magazine in the UK, reaching a total audience of 800,000 from day one. The magazine will have a high quality print distribution with 200,000 being hand distributed within London, in major cities and at prime commuter locations.
A further 100,000 copies will be available nationally at carefully selected sports and leisure clubs, gyms, hotels and businesses. The printed product is edited by men's magazine editor Ed Needham, who has edited FHM in the US and UK as well as Maxim and Rolling Stone in the US.


This is the minimum driver required for basic WIA functionality. This driver enables scanning with the Windows Photo Gallery on Windows Vista or the Scanner and Camera Wizard on Windows XP. Scanning can also be done with a variety of 3rd party scanner enabled applications. You might find that some features are no longer available when using this basic driver. We are sorry to inform you that a full feature driver for Windows Vista or Windows XP Professional x64 Edition will not be available for your HP product in the future. You can upgrade to an HP product that is fully compatible with Windows Vista or Windows XP Professional x64 Edition if additional features are necessary.


From 1951 to 2018, China's annual average temperature increased by 0.24 °C every 10 years, and the heating rate was significantly higher than the global average.
From 1961 to 2018, the temperature increase rate in northern China was significantly greater than that in the south, and the western region was larger than the east. The Qinghai-Tibet region had the highest temperature increase rate, with an average increase of 0.37 °C every 10 years.
The precipitation in the Qinghai-Tibet region showed a significant increase trend, while the precipitation in the southwest region showed a weak decrease trend.
From 1961 to 2018, China's extreme precipitation events showed an increasing trend, extreme low temperature events decreased significantly, and extreme high temperature events increased significantly since the mid-1990s.
From 1961 to 2018, China's climate risk index showed an overall upward trend, with significant changes in stages, and fluctuations since the late 1970s. From 1991 to 2018, China's average climate risk index increased by 54% from the average of 1961 to 1990.
From 1980- 2017, China's coastal sea level fluctuated upward trend, rising rate of 3.3 mm / year, higher than the global average over the same period.
From 1963 to 2018 , the initial stage of the leaf-expansion period of representative tree species in different regions of China showed a significant advance trend.