I realize it's been a long time since I've posted to this blog. So many things have happened since I started it back in 2009. I guess I can't really say I'm a "young person trying to navigate through newly acquired adulthood." I'm in my 30's now, I'm married. I've had my first child 🙂 I feel bad for neglecting this project, but at the same time, my life has been so busy, so fulfilling, so AMAZING, that I haven't really had time. Which I hope is great news to the parents out there who are worried about their children with nystagmus.
To the wonderful boyfriend who used to drive me everywhere ❤ Our 6 year anniversary is coming up. He is an amazing partner.
And to answer your first question, she does not have Nystagmus. I wouldn't have cared either way, but as you can imagine, we did look carefully for a few months. Jury is still out on whether or not she will inherit my astigmatism. She is my best girl, and so much fun. The biggest problem we've had so far was that she would only sleep on me for the first four months of her life. Needless to say, I learned to live on much less sleep But she's sleeping great now, and is the joy of my life.
To one of the worst commutes in the United States. It's less than 10 miles from my house, but it can take me up to 2 hours to get home on a bad day 😦 But the good news is, I'm sooo much more confident when I drive now. Because it forced me to be. By challenging myself in this way, I've gotten more comfortable driving than I ever thought possible. Congested Los Angeles traffic? No problem. Freeways? Annoying, but doable. Driving at night? No big deal. I've done it all. And now with a baby in the car! I honestly didn't know if I could ever say that. I'm so grateful.
This blog has been a wonderful way to process my feelings about Nystagmus as I made my way to adulthood. The Nystagmus community online has seriously flourished since I started this. There didn't used to be much, but now with the advent of social media, more and more people are connecting every day. It's lovely to witness. I encourage all of you to continue to connect, write about your experiences, and talk to each other.
I will probably not post on here very much going forward, but I will always keep this blog live so that you can see my experiences, and you can connect through the comments as much as you want. I do read all of your comments and follow your responses to each other. I'll try to chirp in when I can.
My parting advice for you is this: Never set limits for yourself or for your children. You don't know what you can or cannot do unless you TRY. Sports? Yes! Driving? Yes! Jobs? Yes! And maybe you try something and it doesn't work out or it isn't for you. That's ok! Now you know, and it's on YOUR terms. And you never know, it may work out later.
Live your life to the fullest, and don't let anything – not even shifty eyes – stop you from achieving your goals.
The ANN Conference started this afternoon. Today was mostly checking in and meeting everyone; the official workshops etc start tomorrow. But I gotta tell you, it's been really amazing so far.
I started at a round table for adults with nystagmus. And can I just say, I have never felt more comfortable with a group of perfect strangers in my entire life. There is just an instant connection; an understanding. It's not that I feel particularly self-conscious when I meet people without nystagmus, it's just always there in the back of your mind. You get used to expecting that look of recognition when people realize that your eyes move unexpectedly. Here, I feel an incredible freedom to look around anywhere I want and not have to potentially have that moment with someone . I don't know, it's hard to explain.
And that's just it: I don't have to explain. Everyone just… knows.
I can't wait to get started tomorrow. I'll be blogging straight from the conference, so there will probably be a few posts throughout the day. I will not be blogging during the Youth Panel because I'll be leading discussion 🙂 but I will post something about it later in the evening.
I'll also try to pick up a few more personal nystagmus stories from individuals. Maybe I can even recruit a guest blogger for down the road. If you are at the conference, hit me up people!
I'm getting really pumped about the American Nystagmus Conference in Washington D.C. I can 't believe it's only a couple of weeks away. Time has gone by so quickly!
The other reason I am very excited is that I will be participating at the conference! I have been asked to moderate a panel of young people who have successfully navigated their way through life with Nystagmus. Sound familiar? Those are my kind of people! It's a big honor to be asked to lead this discussion, and I am really excited to sit down with everyone and open a window into what it is like for a young person with Nystagmus. I think a lot of parents with young children who have Nystagmus will find this panel particularly informative. One of my goals at the panel (and with this blog) is to hopefully alleviate some of the fears that parents have when their child is diagnosed.
To all my shifty-eyed friends, let me know if you are coming to the conference! Can't wait to meet you! And if you won't be able to make it this year, let me know what parts you would be interested in. I'll have to be your eyes this time. Ha, that will be a first!
Hello my faithful shifty-eyed friends!
1) You can have nystagmus AND have a job that requires regular contact with high-profile executives (CEO's, CFO's VP's, etc).
I now work in the corporate office of a Fortune 500 company. Crazy, right?? And I didn't get this job through any connection or as a favor for someone. I applied, interviewed, and got the job all on my own. I find that the more I attempt to do, the more I am able to accomplish. Just imagine all the awesome things I would miss out on if I let my nystagmus stop me.
Do people notice my eye movement? Absolutely. I can see that they do. But I try very hard to choose not to worry about it. I know for a fact that people who get to know me hardly notice it after a while. It hasn't hindered me at all.
2) Wedding planning is proving to be a larger life challenge than my nystagmus.
No joke. What I had originally intended to be an intimate gathering of people I know and love has ballooned into a 255+ member event. And a giant dress. Which I love, but makes me break into hives when I think about how much money I spent on it.
Oh well. At the end of the day, I'm just happy to marry the person I love more than anything in the world, no matter how we get there.
Well, that's it for now! I will really make an effort to post more. On a lovey note, I have been overwhelmed by the amount of support this little blog receives. Your comments always make my day, and I encourage you to keep talking to me and to each other.


text:
According to the Porter hypothesis, strict environmental regulations can induce efficiency and encourage innovations that help improve commercial competitiveness. The hypothesis was formulated by the economist Michael Porter in an article in 1991.

The hypothesis suggests that strict environmental regulation triggers the discovery and introduction of cleaner technologies and environmental improvements, the innovation effect, making production processes and products more efficient. The cost savings that can be achieved are sufficient to overcompensate for both the compliance costs directly attributed to new regulations and the innovation costs.

In the first mover advantage, a company is able to exploit innovation by learning curve effects or patenting and attains a dominating competitive position compared to companies in countries where environmental regulations were enforced much later.

The Porter hypothesis has been applied to REACH. In one conclusion, companies that adopt a cost leadership business strategy and have a relatively small product portfolio will fare better than companies that compete by product differentiation and have a larger number of chemicals that require regulation.

Various studies found that stricter environmental regulation stimulates innovation ("weak" version of Porter hypothesis). There is mixed evidence whether stricter regulation enhances business performance ("strong" version). Whether the type of regulation - market-based approaches or requirements and prohibitions - has an impact, is an open question. Economic theory suggests that market based instruments could be more efficient but there is mixed empirical evidence. A study of OECD countries, however, showed no evidence of permanent effects of environmental policy tightening on productivity following the introduction of environmental measures, regardless of the type of regulation.

References

Further reading
 Michael E. Porter and Claas van der Linde, "Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 9, No. 4 (Autumn, 1995), pp. 97–118 (JSTOR).
 Michael E. Porter and Claas van der Linde, "Green and Competitive" Harvard Business Review (Sept-October 1995), p 120–134.

Competition (economics)
Environmental economics
Environmental social science concepts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


They might also be discouraged to learn that their sleep patterns might not return to normal until that newborn is ready for kindergarten.
A new study published in the journal Sleep found that both parental sleep satisfaction and sleep duration sharply declined after childbirth, hitting their lowest point when a baby is 3 months old.
Women's sleep duration and quality were far more affected than men, whether or not they breastfed their child.
Women lost an average of one hour of sleep nightly compared to what they got prior to pregnancy, while men lost about 15 minutes of sleep per night.
Moreover, "following the sharp decline in sleep satisfaction and duration in the first months postpartum, neither mothers' nor fathers' sleep fully recovers to prepregnancy levels up to 6 years after the birth of their first child," concluded researchers from the German Institute for Economic Research, the University of Warwick, and West Virginia University.
Even four to six years after childbirth, mothers were getting 20 minutes less sleep per night than before they became pregnant, while fathers were still getting 15 minutes less sleep.
Sleep was more affected among first-time parents than among parents with more than one child.
The findings were based on interviews of 4,659 parents who had a child between 2008 and 2015.
"While having children is a major source of joy for most parents, it is possible that increased demands and responsibilities associated with the role as a parent lead to shorter sleep and decreased sleep quality even up to six years after birth of the first child," said Lemola.
That's certainly been the case for Jamie Coelho, a magazine editor based in Rhode Island who has two children — Carter, 5, and Kinsley, 2 — and estimates that she now gets two fewer hours of sleep per night than before she had children.
"I am a working mom and by the time I get everything done that needs to happen each day it's past 10 p.m., and I really need an hour to relax after what feels like a 16-hour work day," she told Healthline.
"It's mentally and physically exhausting preparing for the next day each evening and there's just not enough time to do everything, so my bedtime gets pushed back further and further," she said.
Coelho said that while Carter slept through the night by age 1, Kinsley still wakes up crying at night. The parents bring her to their bed to get her back to sleep, but then the issue is that Carter wakes up if the hallway light isn't on — and the light disturbs Coelho's sleep even further.
Sabrina Lacle's two boys, ages 6 and 8, sleep fine now. But the public relations professional from Coral Gables, Florida, says she's never really gotten back to "normal" sleep.
"There is a sense of worry and checking in on them still. Which, of course, is not necessary, but I still do it," she said.
Lemola said that future research would be required to determine how parents can cope with sleep loss and regain their sleep patterns sooner.
Fish recommended that parents establish a sleep routine for themselves as well as their child.
Parents, especially mothers, get significantly less sleep for up to six years after childbirth.
Experts say part of the reason is the disruption caused by young children waking up.
Parents of young children also tend to go to bed later due to all their responsibilities.
Experts recommend a consistent nightly sleep routine for young children.
They also suggest parents turn their bedroom into a "sleep sanctuary," so they can get the rest they need.


That was the first tweet from actor Matthew Perry's official twitter account since late March.
In August a representative from Perry confirmed the actor had been hospitalised to undergo an operation on a ruptured bowel.
"Matthew Perry recently underwent surgery in a Los Angeles hospital to repair a gastrointestinal perforation," the statement read.
There is no word on when he is expected to be released from hospital or his current condition.
Although one unnamed source says he has been discharged.
We hope the Friends star is on the mend and feeling better.


text:
Thread: WHISTLEBLOWER: Up to 280,000 fraudulent ballots transferred from New York to Pennsylv
WHISTLEBLOWER: Up to 280,000 fraudulent ballots transferred from New York to Pennsylv
WHISTLEBLOWER: Up to 280,000 fraudulent ballots transferred from New York to Pennsylvania by Postal Service subcontractor
Wednesday, December 02, 2020 by: Arsenio Toledo
(Natural News) A contract truck driver working for the United States Postal Service came forward on Tuesday, Dec. 1, to admit that he was responsible for delivering hundreds of thousands of completed ballots across state lines.
The new information was made public on Tuesday afternoon at Arlington, Virginia, by the Amistad Project of the conservative law firm the Thomas More Society. This truck driver came forward – along with several other whistleblowers – and detailed illegal behavior done by election officials with the help of postal service employees.
Phillip Kline, former Attorney General of Kansas, director of the Amistad Project and currently a professor of law, released a statement on the morning of the press conference announcing the new information.
"Three whistleblowers will provide personal eyewitness accounts demonstrating potential election fraud, some of which affects hundreds of thousands of ballots," said Kline. "Their affidavits are being used as evidence in litigation to ensure election integrity and the upholding of election laws in battleground states including Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin." (Related: Fraud rewarded is fraud repeated: GA Secretary of State Raffensperger approves extended mail-in voting, ballot harvesting and drop boxes – Assures Democrats steal in Georgia runoffs.)
The Amistad Project asserts that they have obtained sworn testimony showing that over 548,000 ballots are at issue in Michigan, 300,000 in Arizona, 204,000 in Georgia and over 121,000 in Pennsylvania.
Listen to this special Situation Update episode of the Health Ranger Report, a podcast by Mike Adams, the Health Ranger, as he talks about how the American people must band together to oust the rogue government that is preparing to take over the nation.
Video Situation Update, Dec. 1st - ROGUE government, ABOLISHED by the people
Postal Service subcontractor delivered hundreds of thousands of ballots
Jesse Morgan worked as a contract truck driver for the postal service. He was present at the press conference and spoke for around nine minutes regarding his experience with the government agency, and how, on Oct. 21, he transported hundreds of thousands of completed ballots from New York to Pennsylvania.
"In total, I saw 24 gaylords, or large cardboard containers of ballots, loaded into my trailer. These gaylords contained plastic trays, I call them totes or trays of ballots stacked on top of each other. All the envelopes were the same size. I saw the envelopes had return addresses… They were complete ballots."
Morgan was told to deliver the ballots to Lancaster, Pennsylvania and after dropping them off he was to proceed to his final destination at the state capital of Harrisburg. He found this unusual but thought nothing of it at the time. He dropped off the trailer, filled with boxes of ballots. Later, when he went back for the trailer, it was gone.
He then sat outside of his final stop in Harrisburg for several hours before he was finally allowed to leave. However, after he was dismissed, his supervisor refused to give him a slip so he could get paid, including for overtime.
Morgan noted that the other Postal Service personnel in the area exhibited "odd behavior" that he found to be contrary to "normal procedure."
Jack Posobiec
@JackPosobiec
USPS Whistleblower SUMMARY and STATEMENT Via @PhillDKline@OANN
3:05 PM · Dec 1, 2020
2.2K people are Tweeting about this
According to Kline, Morgan transported between 130,000 to 280,000 completed ballots. They were shipped out from Bethpage in Long Island to Lancaster, where the ballots disappeared shortly after the completion of Morgan's delivery.
Kline further asserted that many other Postal Service workers participated in "illegal efforts" to change the outcome of the election.
Kline said that his investigative team will be sharing their information with law enforcement, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, local prosecutors and U.S. attorneys who were made aware of their findings.
Kline's press conference received very little media attention, despite the fact that his Amistad Project has filed several lawsuits in multiple battleground states in recent weeks, including in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Michigan.
By contrast, Attorney General William Barr and his Justice Department's statement that they have not seen fraud "on a scale that could have affected a different outcome in the election" was widely shared by mainstream media outlets, social media and by high-ranking members of the Democratic Party.
President Donald Trump's legal team countered Barr's statement by saying that they haven't actually bothered investigating any of the evidence that has been presented in battleground states. Trump is continuing to challenge the election results in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Georgia, where the prevalence of absentee and mail-in voting allowed Democratic nominee Joe Biden to overtake Trump and claim victory.
If Kline's findings are accepted by the courts, the official results can be called into serious question. In Pennsylvania, Biden supposedly won by only 81,000 votes.
Learn more about how the Trump campaign, with the help of conservative legal groups like the Amistad Project, are continuing their investigations into alleged instances of voter fraud in battleground states like Pennsylvania by reading the latest articles at VoteFraud.news.
TheGatewayPundit.com
TheEpochTimes.com
WHISTLEBLOWER: Up to 280,000 fraudulent ballots transferred from New York to Pennsylvania by Postal Service subcontractor – NaturalNews.com
These trucks and trailers have GPS tracking. There is a paper trail.
The Toll Roads read the plates.
Find out who picked up the load and where it went after this person dropped it in Lancaster PA
150K FRAUDULENT BALLOTS? Sidney Powell: "We've Got Pictures Of Check Stubs"
Thousands of Fraudulent voter Ballots have been Found Marked For Hillary Clinton!!!!
By lorrie in forum General Discussion
CDC whistleblower confesses to publishing fraudulent data to obfuscate link between v
By kathyet2 in forum Other Topics News and Issues
Kahr Arms Bolts Out Of New York In Response To NY SAFE Act - Congratulations Pennsylv
Vote Fraud in New York (Questionable Spanish language ballots)
By Shapka in forum General Discussion
absentee ballots, amistad project, ballot fraud, conspiracy, corruption, election fraud, elections, mail-in ballots, new york, pennsylvania, phillip kline, politics, rigged, thomas more society, united states postal service, vote fraud, voter fraud

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
NewsInsider
Cincinnati government board members may be far whiter, wealthier than city at large, survey finds
What can city leaders do differently?
Posted: 12:33 PM, Feb 22, 2018
By: Joe Rosemeyer

Cincinnati City Hall file photo

CINCINNATI -- The small group of people making decisions for hundreds of thousands of Cincinnati residents may be far whiter and far wealthier than city residents themselves.
That's according to results from recent, voluntary survey of people appointed to more than 60 boards and commissions.
The same survey found women make up only about a third of board members, while they're more than half the city's population. And unelected board members are far more likely to be from Cincinnati's East Side and suburbs outside the city; people living outside Cincinnati outnumber West Side residents 5 to 1.
While it's by no means scientific, the survey gives a glimpse at what some people have seen firsthand for years in different levels of government.
Sean Rugless, president of consulting firm the Katalyst Group, has been appointed to volunteer positions by the city, Hamilton County and Ohio Governor's Office.
"In a lot of situations, I am one of the few diverse individuals on the boards," Rugless said. Before he founded Katalyst Group, he spent eight years as president and CEO of the African American Chamber of Commerce of Greater Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky.
The point of the survey was to find out if unelected board members reflect the demographics of the city itself. The results show they don't.
Issues of internet access -- and who can even be appointed in the first place -- may raise questions about those results.
Not all boards open to everyone
Cincinnati modeled its diversity survey on one done every two years in the city of Minneapolis. That city tracks seven diversity factors -- age, disability, education, gender, income, race and home ownership -- to see how closely board appointees match the population at large.
The Minneapolis survey has been around since 2009. The most recent survey found the city met four of its seven benchmarks.
An important difference might have skewed Cincinnati's survey results: Minneapolis doesn't include all of its boards and commissions in the survey. Like Cincinnati, many boards require expertise in a certain profession -- attorneys, historians and architects, for example. The people working in those fields might not have demographics similar to a city's population.
Minneapolis limits questions to its 18 boards that are open to anyone -- and leaves out the boards that require a certain professional license or expertise.
Cincinnati did not. The City Manager's Office sent the survey to 228 people serving on 60-plus boards and commissions. About half -- 100 people -- responded.
People with less income and lower education levels also are less likely to have convenient internet access, according to the Pew Research Center . Still, Minneapolis also uses a voluntary, online survey , and a far smaller percent of its board members fit into the highest-income bracket.
Mayor John Cranley, who's worked to open up city contracting opportunities to minorities , found his 421 appointments have been a near-even split between whites and non-whites.
"Although there are a number of factors that go in to appointing board and commission members, increasing diversity is fundamental to the selection process," he said in a memo to City Manager Harry Black and City Council members.
'We have to talk to the people we're talking about'
Minneapolis has taken several steps toward improving the diversity of board members that Cincinnati could try to replicate.
Like Cincinnati, the city has a wealth gap between white and non-white residents , and its population has been diversifying rapidly. The survey was a check on whether everyone was getting an equal chance to take part in city government.
"I think the strategy of having stronger participation from different ethnic and social groups is important," Rugless said, "because we have to talk to the people we're talking about."
Board appointments can be confusing and hard to track in any city government. Vacancies can seem to open up randomly throughout the year; a wealthy Cincinnati Park Board member even sued over her term's end date .
To make volunteer opportunities more accessible, Minneapolis streamlined its application process in 2010. It's now open twice a year, in spring and fall.
"It just makes it easier for us to do recruiting," said Cheyenne Brodeen, administration and internal services manager for Minneapolis' Neighborhood and Community Relations department.
Brodeen said that outreach includes making sure materials are translated into other languages, and partnering with other organizations that might have members interested in applying.
That last point is critical, Rugless said. Often, the same people are tapped again and again for different city positions. While the majority of Cincinnati board members have served between one and three years, about a third have been on their boards four years or longer -- and roughly one in 10 has been on their board seven or more years.
More outreach could help the city find newer people "who are up-and-coming on the ideas we're looking to discuss," Rugless said.
He wants Cincinnati's elected officials to keep up their outreach to neighborhood and community leaders, the city's business sector and educational institutions to recruit more diverse voices.
"That happens during political season, right? That should happen throughout the process," Rugless said.
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Description: This set comes with a 30" x 18" leather desk pad with padded and stitched rails. A brass letter opener with leather handle. A 4 1/2" x 6 1/2" x 1 3/4" memo box. A letter-size document holder, business card stand and pen cup.


It's a tired story: Americans are overworked, overscheduled, and sleeping less than they should. YouGov reports that 4 in 10 Americans wake up feeling tired at least once a week, and nearly as many say they wake up tired at least four days a week. Getting a full night's sleep is an obvious way to beat fatigue, but getting the recommended amount of rest isn't always the solution or even possible -- nor is shelling out for over-the-counter or prescription sleep aids. If you're fighting fatigue, here are 23 cheap and easy ways to feel more refreshed and upbeat without hitting the snooze button.


text:
Q: OpenAPI generator maven plugin generates Enum types for Integer properties with allowableValues annotation I use the Maven plugin openapi-generator-maven-plugin to generate Java DTOs from an OpenAPI YAML file.
It contains an integer value with allowableValues:
@Schema(
        description = "The HTTP status code of the KPI request.",
        example = "200",
        allowableValues = {"200", "400", "401", "403", "404", "500"}
    )
    private Integer httpStatusCode;

which generates
@JsonbTypeSerializer(HttpStatusCodeEnum.Serializer.class)
  @JsonbTypeDeserializer(HttpStatusCodeEnum.Deserializer.class)
  public enum HttpStatusCodeEnum {

    NUMBER_200(Integer.valueOf(200)), NUMBER_400(Integer.valueOf(400)), NUMBER_401(Integer.valueOf(401)), NUMBER_403(Integer.valueOf(403)), NUMBER_404(Integer.valueOf(404)), NUMBER_500(Integer.valueOf(500));

    Integer value;

    HttpStatusCodeEnum (Integer v) {
        value = v;
    }

    public Integer value() {
        return value;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.valueOf(value);
    }

    public static final class Deserializer implements JsonbDeserializer<HttpStatusCodeEnum> {
        @Override
        public HttpStatusCodeEnum deserialize(JsonParser parser, DeserializationContext ctx, Type rtType) {
            for (HttpStatusCodeEnum b : HttpStatusCodeEnum.values()) {
                if (String.valueOf(b.value).equals(parser.getString())) {
                    return b;
                }
            }
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected value '" + parser.getString() + "'");
        }
    }

    public static final class Serializer implements JsonbSerializer<HttpStatusCodeEnum> {
        @Override
        public void serialize(HttpStatusCodeEnum obj, JsonGenerator generator, SerializationContext ctx) {
            generator.write(obj.value);
        }
    }
  }

and
private HttpStatusCodeEnum httpStatusCode;

  @JsonbProperty("httpStatusCode")
  public HttpStatusCodeEnum getHttpStatusCode() {
    return httpStatusCode;
  }

with the maven plugin. I want to prevent the generation of a custom enum type with only the allowed values and just generate an Integer. Is there any option which I can use to achieve this?
The API is not mine, so I cannot change the API annotations/OpenAPI YAML.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Commissionerate of Rural Development, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar Published Recruitment Advertisement for Assistant Administrative Coordinator, Senior Assistant, M. I. S. Operator, M. I. S. Coordinator, Research Assistant, Senior Funds Coordinator and Junior Funds Coordinator Post.
Send Application to This Address : Rural Development Office, Block No. 16/3 Dr. Jivaraj Maheta Bhavan, Gandhinagar - 382010.


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The Application of SILAC Mouse in Human Body Fluid Proteomics Analysis Reveals Protein Patterns Associated with IgA Nephropathy - Download this document for free, or read online. Document in PDF available to download.
Copyright © 2013 Shilin Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Body fluid proteome is the most informative proteome from a medical viewpoint. But the lack of accurate quantitation method for complicated body fluid limited its application in disease research and biomarker discovery. To address this problem, we introduced a novel strategy, in which SILAC-labeled mouse serum was used as internal standard for human serum and urine proteome analysis. The SILAC-labeled mouse serum was mixed with human serum and urine, and multidimensional separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry IEF-LC-MS-MS analysis was performed. The shared peptides between two species were quantified by their SILAC pairs, and the human-only peptides were quantified by mouse peptides with coelution. The comparison for the results from two replicate experiments indicated the high repeatability of our strategy. Then the urine from Immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients treated and untreated was compared by this quantitation strategy. Fifty-three peptides were found to be significantly changed between two groups, including both known diagnostic markers for IgAN and novel candidates, such as Complement C3, Albumin, VDBP, ApoA,1 and IGFBP7. In conclusion, we have developed a practical and accurate quantitation strategy for comparison of complicated human body fluid proteome. The results from such strategy could provide potential disease-related biomarkers for evaluation of treatment.


text:
package org.minijax.validation.builtin;

import jakarta.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import jakarta.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.AssertTrue;

public class AssertTrueValidator implements ConstraintValidator<AssertTrue, Boolean> {
    public static final AssertTrueValidator INSTANCE = new AssertTrueValidator();

    private AssertTrueValidator() {
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isValid(final Boolean value, final ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
        return value == null || value;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
HomeEventsMen's T20 World CupDutch fall short despite Van Meekeren and O'Dowd heroics
Dutch fall short despite Van Meekeren and O'Dowd heroics
By Rod Lyall
There was a definite air of inevitability about events at Kardinia Park on Thursday, as Sri Lanka asserted their historic superiority over the Netherlands and won by 16 runs to secure their place in the Super 12.
The defeat left the Dutch hoping that the UAE could pull off a shock win against Namibia in the final match in the group, but the probability was that despite two wins and a heroic effort against Sri Lanka, their tournament had come to an end.
That said, Scott Edwards' side did much better with the bat than their predecessors, who had collapsed to 39 all out and 44 all out on the two previous occasions the side had met in the T20 World Cup, in 2014 and 2021.
But chasing 162 against a strong attack, even on a pitch which gave the batters a better chance than it had on Sunday or its neighbour had on Tuesday, was always likely to be too great a task for a batting side which has struggled to maintain momentum outside the initial powerplay, and despite a magnificent unbeaten, 53-ball 71 from Max O'Dowd that was how it turned out.
The Dutch attack again performed splendidly up front after Dasun Shanaka won the toss and elected to bat, restricting the openers to 36 in the powerplay.
Then Paul van Meekeren, generating real pace, removed Pathum Nissanka and Dhananjaya de Silva with successive yorkers, and at the halfway point in the innings the total was a modest 60 for two.
Tim Pringle and Roelof van der Merwe had mostly kept the batters quiet, but four overs of pace between the tenth and thirteenth overs yielded 36 runs, and gradually the momentum swung towards the Sri Lankans.
Opener Kusal Mendis was still there, he and Charith Asalanka adding 60 for the third wicket from 45 deliveries, and after Bas de Leede had had the latter caught behind by Scott Edwards for a 30-ball 31 cameos from Bhanuka Rajapaksa and Shanaka kept the scoreboard moving at around ten an over.
Netherlands at the T20 World Cup 2022 Photo credit: ICC
Van der Merwe's back problems saw him leave the field after bowling his third over – a factor which would have a crucial influence on the game's denouement – and although three wickets fell in the last three overs, Mendis finally holing out to sub Logan van Beek five balls from the end for a superb 44-ball 79, Sri Lanka closed on 162 for six.
Van Meekeren was the pick of the bowlers with two for 25, while Van der Merwe conceded just 16 from his three overs.
The Netherlands' battling last-over victories against the UAE and Namibia had come on the back of strong starts in the powerplay, but this time they managed just 40, losing the wickets of Vikram Singh and De Leede in the process.
The pace of Lahiru Kumara, in to replace the injured Chameera, and the spin of Maheesh Theekshana and Wanindu Hasaranga steadily built the pressure, with Binura Fernando lending good support, and after ten overs the Dutch had reached just 63 for three, exactly a hundred needed from the final ten.
But their batting lacked their opponents' firepower, and even a sustained assault by Edwards on Hasaranga, sweeping him repeatedly and effectively, was not enough to prevent a steady rise in the asking rate; when the Dutch captain was bowled around his legs by Fernando 63 were still needed from 33 deliveries.
Wickets now fell at at least one an over, Hasaranga bowling Timm van der Gugten and Fred Klaassen and Pringle and Van Meekeren falling to run outs from direct hits.
But O'Dowd stood firm, and when he struck Fernando for a six and two fours from successive deliveries, 39 were needed from the final two overs.
The injured Van der Merwe had come to the crease as last man, but it was evident that he could only move painfully and with great difficulty, and it was left to O'Dowd to try to pull off the miracle the Dutch needed.
He did his best, twice belting Theekshana for six in a strangely ill-discipled over from the Sri Lankan off-spinner, but still 23 were needed from the last.
Kumara kept it to six, including a heroically-run bye by Van der Merwe, and the Dutch had fallen just short.
It was a painful conclusion in more ways than one, and if the disgraceful tournament structure had done them no favours it was also true that the limitations of their batting in their first two matches had also cost them dear.
But it's fair to say that the entire squad will now be the UAE's most enthusiastic supporters in the final game.
Zimbabwe fail to capitalise on early dominance in loss to West Indies.
Namibia come so close, but Waseem wins it for UAE
Rod Lyall
Retired academic, now a journalist and commentator, mainly covering Dutch international and domestic cricket.
ten + 16 =


Dilip Shanghvi, the billionaire founder of drugmaker Sun Pharma, ended Reliance Industries promoter Mukesh Ambani's eight-year run as India's richest billionaire on Wednesday, according to Forbes. The Bloomberg Billionaires Index, formed in 2012, also ranked Mr Shanghvi ahead of Mr Ambani for the first time ever.
According to real time data on Forbes, 59-year old Mr Shanghvi's net worth at $21.5 billion is $1.1 billion more than Mr Ambani's net worth of $20.4 Billion. Mr Shanghvi is a self-made billionaire, while Mr Ambani inherited the business from his father the late Dhirubhai Ambani.
Mr Shanghvi added billions to his net worth in the first two months of this year. According to Bloomberg, his fortune went up by $4.5 billion this year, while Mr Ambani's net worth increased by just $153 million since the start of 2015.
The rapid growth in Mr Shanghvi's net worth was on account of the stellar MARKET performance of his company Sun Pharma, India's biggest drugmaker by market value.
Over the last three months, Sun Pharma shares have gained 22 per cent as against a 7.5 per cent drop in RIL. Mr Ambani's company has underperformed the BSE Sensex as well.
RIL has underperformed because its business model is commodity driven. Refining and petrochemicals contribute up to 95 per cent to the company's net sales and 85 per cent to its operating profit. The 50 per cent slump in global CRUDE OIL prices has therefore impacted RIL heavily. The December quarter marked RIL's first profit drop in nine quarters.
On the other hand, Sun Pharma operates in the global healthcare industry, where Indian companies have a pricing advantage over their global peers. The drugmaker derives nearly 60 per cent of its sales from US.
Sun Pharma, with a MARKET cap of Rs. 2.1 trillion, is much smaller than RIL, which has a MARKET value of Rs. 2.92 trillion. The smaller size, however, is not an impediment for Mr Shanghvi because he owns nearly 61 per cent stake in Sun Pharma as compared to the 45 per cent stake the 57-year old Mr Ambani holds in RIL.
Many of Sun Pharma's recent bets have proved successful aiding its STOCK performance. In April 2014, Sun Pharma acquired its rival Ranbaxy Labs from Japan's Daiichi Sankyo for $4 billion last year, making it the world's fifth-largest maker of generic drugs.
Reliance has also been INVESTING heavily in consumer-facing areas like retail and telecom to expand beyond refining and petrochemicals. RIL's retail business posted its first annual profit last year, but the company is yet to roll out its telecom services despite large investments.


The flavor of freshly picked blackberries adds a sweet welcoming taste to the smooth black tea. This berry blend is reminiscent of fresh blackberry pie. This tea will have you dancing in the moonlight! Great hot or iced.


text:
Mike Askew
Mike Askew is Distinguished Professor of Mathematics Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Until recently he was Professor of Primary Education at Monash University, Melbourne and previously Professor of Mathematics Education at King's College, University of London. A former primary school teacher, he now researches, speaks and writes on teaching and learning primary mathematics. For the Academic year 2006/07 he was Visiting Distinguished Scholar at City College, City University New York. He is also a skilled magician.
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Summary: Organization-wide transformation can be tricky, especially when it comes to sustaining any progress made over time. In a case study on Louisville Metro, a government organization based in Kentucky, many strategies were used to enact and sustain meaningful transformation. Strategies and tools used in this transformation include the plan-do-check-act, root cause analysis, use of key process indicators and 5S, among others. This dedication to continuous improvement and strong leadership led to successful improvement and encouraging steps towards maintaining that improvement over the long haul.


text:
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Since the discovery of the H-mode in the ASDEX tokamak \citep{wagner1982regime} and in other devices thereafter, there has been significant interest in understanding the conditions that govern the transition to this improved confinement regime. H-mode is characterized by increased core energy, steep gradients in the density and temperature profiles near the edge of the plasma, and a reduction of radial turbulent transport across the separatrix, or last closed magnetic flux surface. A sheared, poloidal flow in the plasma edge, generated by radial electric fields, has been observed to correlate with this reduction in turbulence,\citep{Burrell_1989} and the role of $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow shear in turbulence suppression has been studied extensively. \citep{biglari1990influence,burrell1997,terry2000suppression} In strongly magnetized plasmas, shear may break up turbulent structures and, hence, reduce turbulence levels, provided certain requirements are met: (1) the shear rate is greater than the turbulence decorrelation rate, (2) turbulent structures remain in the region of shear longer than the decorrelation time, and (3) the flow itself is stable, i.e. not Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable. \citep{terry2000suppression}
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figure1.pdf}
    \caption{Schematic of the Helimak toroidal cross section with the vacuum vessel outlined in black.  In scenarios considered here, the second limiter plates (solid orange) were biased to a given voltage, while the others (dotted gray) were grounded. An identical set of plates appears at a toroidal location $180^\circ$ apart from this image.}
    \label{fig:helimak-cs}
\end{figure}

The effect of flow shear on turbulence levels has been studied experimentally in more basic, open-field-line plasma devices such as LAPD,\citep{zhou2012} TORPEX, \citep{theiler2012torpex} and the Texas Helimak \citep{gentle2010comparison,gentle2014turbulence} by applying a bias voltage to plasma limiters, which drives a sheared $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow. This provides more direct control over the shear than is typically available in the edge of a tokamak. Simple magnetized torus experiments, like TORPEX and the Helimak, have helical, open field lines and are good approximations to a tokamak scrape off layer (SOL), with the radial and toroidal directions analogous to those of a tokamak and the vertical $Z$ direction analogous to the poloidal direction. We focus this study on the Helimak, whose field lines terminate on conducting plates at the top and bottom of the vacuum vessel, pictured in Fig.~\ref{fig:helimak-cs}. These are arranged in four sets of four plates, with two sets on the top and two sets on the bottom, located $180^\circ$ apart toroidally. Each plate is approximately 0.2 m in width and 0.2 m in height, oriented vertically such that the toroidal direction is normal to the plate. A bias voltage can be applied to the same plate in each of the four sets, such as the second set of plates from the inner Helimak wall, leaving the other three grounded, to modify the velocity shear. A range of -40 V to 15 V has been applied to bias plates. The plasma response to sheath physics at the plates sets up a radially varying electric potential, resulting in a sheared $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow that is mostly vertical since the toroidal component of the magnetic field is much stronger than the vertical component ($B_Z/B_\phi \lesssim 0.05$). This vertical flow has been observed experimentally via spectroscopic measurements of ion flow.\cite{gentle2010comparison,gentle2014turbulence} Since ions are relatively cold, other particle drifts are negligible, and the $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ drift dominates.

The magnetic field line connection length can be scanned by changing resistance through the vertical field coils. We consider a low connection-length scenario ($L_c(R_0) \approx 40$ m), with $k_\parallel \approx 0$, which is dominated by interchange turbulence.\cite{Williams2017thesis} This instability occurs in the ``bad-curvature region," where $\kappa \cdot \nabla_x n > 0$; $\kappa$ is the inward-pointing radius of curvature and $\nabla_x n$ is the radial gradient of the equilibrium density profile. This region begins around $R = 1$ m in the device and extends to larger radii. To test the effect of shear flow on interchange turbulence, a bias potential can be applied on a plate in the bad-curvature region, which corresponds to plates 2, 3, or 4. However, for the low connection length considered here, some field lines at plates 3 and 4 terminate on the grounded vessel wall rather than the plates, due to the radial variation in connection length. Thus, the second conducting plates (highlighted in Fig.~\ref{fig:helimak-cs}) were biased in the data presented here. It has been demonstrated that higher connection-length scenarios, with finite $k_\parallel$, are dominated by the drift-interchange instability and analysis of these is beyond the scope of this work.

An array of Langmuir probes is located on the bias plates to calculate equilibrium profiles and turbulence levels across the full radial extent of the device and along a smaller range in $Z$. $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow has previously been calculated using spectroscopic measurements, which is described in more detail in Ref.~\citenum{gentle2014turbulence}.

Standard theories of shear stabilization have not been sufficient to explain observations from previous limiter-biasing experiments on the Helimak. According to Ref.~\citenum{gentle2014turbulence}, shear structures remain in the region longer than linear growth times, satistfying one of the requirements for shear stabilization. The authors also state that shear rates (Fig.~15) are equal to or larger than linear growth rates, though they do not include data for the latter. A comparison of reduction in turbulence fluctuation levels vs.~shear was plotted using data from numerous experiments (Fig.~17 in Ref.~\citenum{gentle2014turbulence}) and showed no clear correlation between the two quantities.

In order to better understand those observations, we have performed continuum gyrokinetic simulations of limiter-bias scenarios in the Helimak with the plasma physics code {\tt Gkeyll}, building upon simulations of limiter biasing in LAPD by Shi\cite{Shi2017thesis} and simulations of a grounded (no limiter biasing) argon discharge in the Helimak by Bernard \emph{et al.} \cite{bernard2019} Though fluid simulations of biasing in the Helimak have been performed and resulting profiles approach experimental values, \citep{li2011turbulence} kinetic models are necessary to reproduce non-Maxwellian features in the particle distribution functions. For example, it has been shown that there are small but non-negligible\ kinetic sheath effects in the Helimak.\cite{bernard2019} Furthermore, our model introduces $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ velocity shear self-consistently via the plasma response to boundary conditions in the parallel direction. This produces a radial gradient in the electrostatic potential, resulting in the radial electric field that gives rise to a sheared $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow.

The paper is organized as follows: In Sec.~\ref{sec:modeleqns}, we begin with an explanation of the model equations and simulation set-up. In Sec.~\ref{sec:results}, we present the results of limiter-biasing simulations of the Texas Helimak and make comparisons with the grounded simulation and experimental data. We find fair agreement and similar trends with experimental equilibrium profiles and also describe the effect of shear flow on density profiles. For scenarios considered here, most shear rates are less than local linear growth rates, and requirements for shear stabilization are not met. We give an explanation for how shear flow affects turbulence by changing gradients of density profiles. In Sec.~\ref{sec:conc}, we conclude with a summary of our findings.

\section{Model equations} \label{sec:modeleqns}
The {\tt Gkeyll}\ code has previously been used to model helical, open-field-line plasmas with the continuum gyrokinetic solver,\cite{Shi2017thesis,shi2019full,bernard2019} and we briefly describe the model and parameters used in the code to produce the simulations presented below. {\tt Gkeyll}\ uses the nodal discontinuous Galerkin computational method for the spatial discretization and an explicit third-order Runge--Kutta method to discretize in time. The full-$f$ gyrokinetic equation in the long-wavelength, zero-Larmor-radius limit is used to evolve the gyrocenter distribution function $f_s(\bm{R}, v_\parallel, \mu,t)$
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:gk-eqn}
\frac{\partial \altmathcal{J} f_s}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (\altmathcal{J} \dot{\bm{R}} f_s) + \frac{\partial}{\partial v_\parallel} (\altmathcal{J} \dot{v}_\parallel f_s )
=\altmathcal{J} C[f_s] + \altmathcal{J} S_s,
\end{equation}
where $C[f_s]$ represents the effect of collisions and $S_s$ is a source term. The Jacobian is $\altmathcal{J} = B^*_\parallel$, where $B_\parallel^* = \bm{b} \cdot \bm{B}_\parallel^*$, and $\bm{B}_\parallel^* = \bm{B} +(Bv_\parallel/\Omega_s)\nabla \times \bm{b}$. The phase-space advection velocities $\dot{\bm{R}} = \{\bm{R},H\}$ and $\dot{v}_\parallel = \{v_\parallel,H\}$ are defined in terms of the Poisson bracket
\begin{eqnarray}
\{F,G\} = \frac{\bm{B}^*}{m_s B_\parallel^*} \cdot \left( \nabla F \frac{\partial G}{\partial v_\parallel} - \frac{\partial F}{\partial v_\parallel} \nabla G \right) \nonumber \\
- \frac{1}{q_s B_\parallel^*} \bm{b} \cdot \nabla F \times \nabla G.
\label{eq:pb-eqn}
\end{eqnarray}
In the long-wavelength limit, the gyrocenter Hamiltonian is
\begin{equation}
H_s = \frac{1}{2}mv_\parallel^2 + \mu B + q_s \phi.
\end{equation}
The long-wavelength gyrokinetic Poisson equation, which is a statement of quasineutrality, is used to evolve the electrostatic potential
\begin{equation}
 -\nabla \cdot \left( \frac{n_{i0}^g q_i^2 \rho_{\mathrm{s}0}^2}{T_{e0}} \nabla_\perp \phi \right) = \sigma_g
 = q_i n_i^g(\bm{R},t) - e n_e(\bm{R},t),
 \label{eq:poisson}
 \end{equation}
where $\rho_{\mathrm{s}0} = c_{\mathrm{s}0}/\Omega_i$ is the ion sound gyroradius and $c_{\mathrm{s}0} = \sqrt{T_{e0}/m_i}$ is the ion sound speed. According to spectroscopic measurements of the Helimak, the argon ions have a charge state of $Z=1$, and thus we assume $q_i = e$. In the long-wavelength limit, gyro-averaging is neglected, and this assumption will be relaxed in the future.

{\tt Gkeyll}\ employs a nonorthogonal field-line-following coordinate system,\cite{beer1995field,hammett1993developments,scott1998global} where $z$ is the distance along the field, $x$ is the radial coordinate, and $y$ is the bi-normal coordinate. Geometric factors due to the cylindrical coordinate system are only retained in $\bm{B}^*$ and neglected elsewhere. Like most flux-tube codes, we assume that perpendicular gradients are much stronger than parallel gradients and make the following approximation:
\begin{eqnarray*}
(\nabla \times \bm{b})\cdot \nabla &=& [(\nabla \times \bm{b}) \cdot \nabla y]\pd{}{y} + [(\nabla \times \bm{b}) \cdot \nabla z]\pd{}{z} \\
&\approx& [(\nabla \times \bm{b}) \cdot \nabla y]\pd{}{y}, \label{eq:}
\end{eqnarray*}
where $\nabla y$ is the reciprocal-basis vector of the curvilinear coordinate system. Field-line curvature enters through this term as $(\nabla \times \bm{b}) \cdot \nabla y = -1/x $. Magnetic shear is not included in the model, and since the field strength is dominated by the vacuum toroidal field, we assume $B(x)= B_0(R_0/x)$.

Limiter biasing is modeled via the ``conducting-sheath'' boundary conditions in the $z$ direction, which is parallel to the magnetic field. For now, our model assumes that field lines intersect the plates perpendicularly, though in reality they intersect at a weakly non-normal angle that depends on field-line pitch angle, which can be varied in the experiment. We use Eq.~\ref{eq:poisson} to solve for the sheath potential $\phi_{\mathrm{sh}}$ at this boundary. Because our gyrokinetic model assumes quasineutrality (Eq.~\ref{eq:poisson}), we do not resolve the Debye sheath, in which $n_i > n_e$. The wall is assumed to be just outside the simulation domain with a potential $\phi_\mathrm{w}$. The cut-off parallel velocity for electrons is $v_c = \sqrt{\max{(2e(\phi_{\rm sh} - \phi_{\rm w})/m_e,0)}}$, determining which electrons are reflected at the wall ($v_{\parallel} < v_c$) and which leave the domain ($v_\parallel > v_c$). For the grounded scenario, $\phi_\mathrm{w}=0$. To model limiter biasing, we specified $\phi_\mathrm{w}=V_b$ at a radial interval to simulate a bias voltage on the second-from-the-inner-wall conducting plates in the Helimak:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:bc-bias}
\phi_\mathrm{w}(x,y) = \left\{
    \begin{array}{cc}
        V_b & x_L \leq x \leq x_R  \\
        0 & \mathrm{else},
    \end{array} \right.
\end{equation}
where $x_L$ and $x_R$ represent the radial extent of the biased plate. Thus, the plasma potential in this model evolves self-consistently via the gyrokinetic Poisson equation and the parallel boundary conditions. We maintained the Dirichlet boundary conditions in $x$ for the potential ($\phi = 0$) and periodic boundary conditions in $y$ for $f$ and $\phi$.

To simulate the biased discharges, we restarted two simulations from the grounded case at 4 ms, which is approximately one ion transit time, with different bias voltages and ran to 16 ms. A bias voltage was applied to the second plate (highlighted in Fig.~\ref{fig:helimak-cs}) with $x_L = 0.86$ m and $x_R = 1.06$ m. We simulated the most negative bias voltage, ${V_b = -40}$~V, and the most positive, ${V_b = 10}$ V, used in recent experiments. (For positive bias, the back side of the plates draw significant current, and the experimental apparatus has a current-limiting resistor that reduces the voltage actually applied to the plates. Therefore, an engineering value of +15 V is given to control the power supply, but, due to resistance, only approximately +10 V is applied to the plates.) All other parameters are the same as in the grounded simulation to facilitate direct comparison, including a magnetic field line connection length ${L_z = 40}$ m. Since simulations do not include magnetic shear, we compared simulation results with experimental data from discharges with a similar connection length at the radial center of the vacuum chamber. This corresponded to ${B_Z \simeq 0.005}$~T and ${B_Z/B_\varphi \simeq 0.05}$. Simulation equilibrium profiles and other statistics were calculated over a 10 to 16 ms window. Simulation parameters are summarized in Table~\ref{tab:table1}.
\begin{table}
\caption{\label{tab:table1}Summary of Helimak simulation parameters}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
Vacuum vessel height           & $H = 2.0 $ m \\
Background magnetic field & $B_0 =  0.1$ T \\
Background density & $n_0 = 10^{16}$ m$^{-3}$\\
Background electron temperature & $T_{e0} = 10$ eV\\
Background ion temperature & $T_{i0} = 1$ eV\\
Electron gyroradius & $\rho_e = 1.02 \times 10^{-2}$ m \\
Electron mean free path & $\lambda_{ee}$ = 98.4 m \\
Ion sound gyroradius & $\rho_{\mathrm{s}0} = 2.04 \times 10^{-2}$ m \\
Ion sound speed & $c_\mathrm{s} = 4.90 \times 10^{3}$ m/s \\
Ion mean free path & $\lambda_{ii}$ = 1.39 m \\
Limiter bias voltage & $V_b = 0, 10, -40$ V
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

\section{Comparison with Experiment} \label{sec:results}
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{figure2.pdf}
    \caption[Comparison of the electrostatic potential and $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow for grounded and limiter-biased scenarios of both simulation and experiment]{Plot (a) compares the electrostatic potential profiles and (b) compares $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow for grounded and limiter-biased scenarios of both simulation and experiment. The experimental plasma potential is measured with a baffled probe. The $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow is calculated from the plasma potential as $V_E = -(d\phi_0/dx)/B_0$, where $x$ is the radial coordinate.}
    \label{fig:phi-ve}
\end{figure}
A grounded, a positively biased, and a negatively biased experiment were carried out on the Texas Helimak for comparison with simulations. A resistance of $2.7$~$\Omega$ in the vertical field coils was used, which approximately corresponds to a connection length of 40 m at the radial center $R_0=1.1$ m. The experimental connection length varies with radius, and this is not included in our model, which currently neglects magnetic shear. Within this section we separately consider the effect of shear flow on equilibrium profiles and the effect of shear flow on turbulence levels, as well comparisons of other measurements, such as temperature and potential fluctuations and parallel heat flux to the limiter.

\subsection{Comparison of equilibrium profiles}
The effect of the limiter biasing on the equilibrium plasma potential profile is clearly seen in Fig.~\ref{fig:phi-ve}a. A baffled probe is used to directly measure the experimental plasma potential equilibrium profile \citep{demidov2010} and these values may have a 20\% systematic error. An increase or decrease in the plasma profile is observed corresponding to a positive or negative bias voltage in both simulation and experimental data. Also, shown with these plots is the $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow, which was calculated from the equilibrium plasma potential profile as $V_E = -(d\phi_0/dx)/B_0$, where $x$ is the radial coordinate, and normalized to the ion sound speed. Direct spectroscopic measurements of experimental flow were not available for these discharges, and previous measurements of the vertical flow\cite{gentle2010comparison,gentle2014turbulence} are about 2--4 times greater in magnitude than the $V_E$ flow calculated from the electrostatic potential, shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:phi-ve}b.

By contrast, $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow in the simulation is mostly in the $y$-direction, which corresponds to the toroidal direction in the experiment. (See Fig.~2 in Ref.~\citenum{bernard2019} for a more detailed explanation of the mapping from the nonorthogonal coordinate system to cylindrical coordinates.) This is due to the $k_\perp \gg k_\parallel$ assumption made in most flux-tube codes. Thus, the advection due to a radial electric field is approximated as
\begin{equation}
V_E \cdot \nabla
= V_E \cdot \nabla y \, \pd{}{y}
+ V_E \cdot \nabla z \, \pd{}{z} \approx V_E \cdot \pd{}{y}. \label{eq:advec}
\end{equation}
In the nonorthogonal field-aligned coordinate system, $\nabla z \sim L_z/H \approx B_\phi/B_Z$, where $L_z$ is the magnetic field line connection length and $H$ is the height of the vacuum vessel. A more appropriate condition would be $k_\perp \gg k_\parallel B_\phi/B_Z $. This is satisfied for the parameters of this simulation since $k_\parallel \approx 0$.\cite{bernard2019} We would expect the vertical $V_E$ flow to have little impact on turbulence levels or statistics. However, if simulations with longer connection lengths were carried out, $B_\phi/B_Z$ would increase and $k_\parallel$ would become finite.\cite{poli2008transition,ricci2009transport,ricci2010turbulence} Hence, this relation may no longer be satisfied.

The assumption in equation \ref{eq:advec} does not account for the effect of the vertical component of $V_E$ on bulk transport and equilibrium profiles. We provide a estimate for this effect in Appendix \ref{app} using a simplified 1D transport model. We assume a ``moderate'' vertical $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow that is the same order of magnitude of the projection of the parallel flow on the vertical coordinate. We conclude that equilibrium density profile values should be larger ``downstream," that is, at the end of the device towards which the $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow is directed. Qualitative agreement with this is observed in Fig.~\ref{fig:n-TB}, which shows top and bottom density profiles from the (a) positively biased case and (b) negatively biased case. Looking at the experimental $V_E$ flow for the positively biased case in Fig.~\ref{fig:phi-ve}b, one can see that the flow is positive and hence the top of the Helimak is the downstream side. The top profile is in most regions higher than the bottom profile. For the negatively biased case, the opposite is true. Figure \ref{fig:phi-ve} shows that experimental $V_E$ flow is negative for $R < 1.2$ m. In this case, the bottom is the downstream side and the bottom density profile is higher than the top density profile. However, for the values of vertical $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow given in Fig.~\ref{fig:phi-ve}b and also in Ref.~\citenum{gentle2014turbulence}, this toy model predicts a downstream density that is 2--3 times that of the upstream density, which is not observed. This model neglects effects such as drag on ion flow due to neutral interactions, finite ion temperature and variability of electron temperature. Thus, we do not anticipate strong quantitative agreement with this model.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{figure3.pdf}
    \caption{Comparison of experimental equilibrium density profiles measured from the bottom and top of the Helimak vessel for cases with (a) positive limiter biasing and (b) negative limiter biasing.}
    \label{fig:n-TB}
\end{figure}
Fig.~\ref{fig:eqprof-bias}a compares electron density equilibrium profiles from simulation and experiment for the grounded and biased scenarios. Profiles were calculated at the $z_{\min}$ end of the domain and compared with corresponding experimental profiles measured at the bottom of the Helimak. Since the vertical $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow is not included in the simulation, equilibrium density profiles are virtually identical at the top and bottom of the $z$-domain. This may also explain why there is little difference in simulation density profiles among the three cases. By comparison, experimental profiles exhibit differences in both magnitudes and gradients.

Fig.~\ref{fig:eqprof-bias}b contains a similar comparison of equilibrium electron temperature profiles. The simulation produced a slight increase in the temperature profile within the biased region and just to the left of it. This is consistent with the fact that a more negative bias voltage produces a larger potential well that reflects more high-energy electrons than in the grounded or positively biased case. The profiles from the latter two are very similar. Likewise, the experimental temperature profile from the negatively biased case is significantly different than the other two experimental profiles. Differences between experiment and simulation temperature profiles is likely due to the fact that most of the power is absorbed at the upper hybrid resonance, which depends on plasma density. Therefore, changes in the density profile lead to changes in power absorption and, in turn, equilibrium temperature profiles. This density dependence is not currently contained within the {\tt Gkeyll}\ source model.
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{figure4.pdf}
    \caption{Equilibrium profile comparison of grounded and limiter-biased scenarios. Plot (a) contains electron density profiles for simulation and experiment and (b) contains electron temperature profiles. Experimental profiles were measured at the bottom of the device. All profiles were calculated by averaging in time, and also in $y$ for simulation data.}
    \label{fig:eqprof-bias}
\end{figure}

 \begin{figure*}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{shear-dn-pop.pdf}
    \caption{Plots (a) and (b) compare the magnitude of the $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ shear, $\gamma_E = |dV_E/dx|$, with the grounded local interchange growth rate $\gamma_I = c_s/\sqrt{R L_n}$ from {\tt Gkeyll}\ simulations and the Helimak experiment, respectively. Plots (c) and (d) compare the root mean square density fluctuation levels for the grounded and limiter-biased scenarios of the simulation and experiment, respectively. Density fluctuation levels are normalized to the volume-averaged density $\langle n \rangle_{\rm vol}$.}
    \label{fig:shear-dn}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Comparison of turbulence levels}
According to shear-suppression theory, the shear rate should be larger than the decorrelation rate or instability growth rate in order for shear to break up turbulent eddies.\cite{terry2000suppression} Therefore, we compare $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ shear, $\gamma_E = |dV_E/dx|$, of the three scenarios to the linear interchange growth rate from the grounded scenario in Fig.~\ref{fig:shear-dn}a and Fig.~\ref{fig:shear-dn}b. The local, linear interchange growth rate for the grounded scenario is calculated as $\gamma_I = c_s /\sqrt{R L_n}$ for $L_n > 0$ and $\gamma_I = 0$ for $L_n \leq 0$. The density gradient scale length is $L_n = -n/(dn/dx)$, using the grounded density equilibrium profiles from Fig.~\ref{fig:eqprof-bias}a. We focus on the bad-curvature region ($R > 1.0$), where $\gamma_I > 0$. In Fig.~\ref{fig:shear-dn}a, simulation shear rates are only marginally larger than the simulation interchange growth rate, except for the negatively biased case, in which the shearing rate is approximately twice as large near $R=1.1$ m. In Fig.~\ref{fig:shear-dn}c, the root mean square (RMS) of density fluctuations from the simulation have been normalized to a volume-averaged density, and these plots show no significant changes in turbulence levels between the biased and unbiased cases in the bad-curvature region. Given the large peaks in the shear rate of the negatively biased scenario, one might expect a corresponding reduction in turbulence levels. However, there is actually a slight increase in this case. These differences are marginal, and it is not possible to draw further conclusions on the effect of shear-suppression of turbulence in the simulations. In Fig.~\ref{fig:shear-dn}b, experimental shear levels are less than the local interchange growth rate obtained from the grounded experimental equilibrium density profile. From this comparison, one might expect little changes in the density turbulence fluctuation levels. However,  Fig.~\ref{fig:shear-dn}d, shows an increase in turbulence fluctuations for the positively biased case and a small reduction in the negatively biased case.

A comparison of the local, linear interchange growth rates for grounded and biased scenarios may explain the differences and similarities of turbulence profiles. These are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:gammaI}. The interchange growth rates from simulation are very similar except for an increase in $\gamma_I$ at the right edge of the biased region for the negatively biased scenario between 1.0 and 1.1 m. This corresponds to a slight increase in turbulence levels seen in Fig.~\ref{fig:shear-dn}c. Experimental growth rate values from the grounded and biased scenarios differ more significantly from one another, and relative increases or decreases in these values correspond to relative increases or decreases in the turbulence levels of Fig.~\ref{fig:shear-dn}d. Thus, it appears that bulk transport due flow shear may change equilibrium profile gradients, which in turn may affect turbulence levels.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{figure5.pdf}
    \caption{Local interchange growth rates for the grounded and limiter-biased cases of the Gkeyll simulation and Helimak experiment are compared.}
    \label{fig:gammaI}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{figure6.pdf}
    \caption{Radial correlation lengths, $L_{rad}$, for the grounded and limiter-biased cases of the simulations are compared.}
    \label{fig:lrad-bias}
\end{figure}
Radial correlation lengths can be an indication of the size of turbulent structures in a plasma, and these are plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig:lrad-bias} for the simulation scenarios. There is a small reduction in radial correlation lengths for the negatively biased case at radii greater than 1.1 m. A peak in the shear rate occurs at 1.1 m in Fig.~\ref{fig:shear-dn}a, suggesting that the stronger shear in this region could be breaking up turbulent structures and reducing overall correlation lengths. On the other hand, shearing rates for the positively biased case are not significantly higher than the grounded scenario, and we are not able to draw conclusions about the decrease in radial correlation lengths observed around 1.2 m. Experimental radial correlation length data was not available for this comparison, though previous measurements give radial correlation lengths that are about 0.04 m or less.\cite{gentle2014turbulence} Thus, the simulation over-predicts these values.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{figure7.pdf}
    \caption[Comparisons of electron temperature fluctuations and potential fluctuations for the grounded and limiter-biased scenarios of simulation and experiment.]{In (a) comparisons of electron temperature fluctuations and in (b) potential fluctuations for the grounded and limiter-biased scenarios. Both are normalized to the volume-averaged electron temperature $\langle T_e \rangle_{\rm vol}$.}
    \label{fig:dTdPhi}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Other measurements}
Fluctuations in electron temperature and plasma potential were also measured. Figure \ref{fig:dTdPhi}a contains radial profiles of electron temperature fluctuations for simulation and experiment. This is calculated as the RMS of temperature fluctuations normalized to the volume-averaged electron temperature. The simulation data shows little change between the grounded and positively biased cases, and a more noticeable change in the profile of the negatively biased case. For the latter, the fluctuations decrease at the center of the biased region and increase near the edges. The experimental data displays a decrease in fluctuations for both biased cases, as compared with the grounded scenario. Figure \ref{fig:dTdPhi}b contains radial profiles of plasma potential fluctuations for simulation and experiment. Again the RMS values of potential fluctuations are normalized to the volume-averaged electron temperature. The simulation fluctuation values are up to five times larger than experimental values. Both simulation and experimental data have grounded and positively biased cases that are very similar to one another, and the corresponding negatively biased case is reduced to the right of the biased region. This relative decrease is more significant in the experimental data.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{figure8.pdf}
    \caption{Comparison of parallel heat flux to top plates from grounded and limiter-biased simulation scenarios.}
    \label{fig:q-bias}
\end{figure}
Figure \ref{fig:q-bias} compares the heat flux to the conducting plates from grounded and limiter-biased simulations. This was calculated as $q_\parallel = \langle q_{\parallel,e} \rangle + \langle q_{\parallel,i} \rangle$, where $\langle ... \rangle$ denotes an average in time and in $y$. The electron and ion heat fluxes are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
    q_{\parallel,e} = \int_{v_c}^{v_{\parallel,\max}} d^3 v \; f_e H_e v_{\parallel} \\
    q_{\parallel,i} = \int_{0}^{v_{\parallel,\max}} d^3 v \; f_i H_i v_{\parallel} ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $v_c$ is the electron parallel cutoff velocity and $f_s$ and $H_s$ are evaluated at $z=z_{\max}$. The grounded and positively biased cases are very similar. The peak of the negatively biased scenario is slightly reduced, and the $x$-integrated value of the heat flux is less than the other cases. This is consistent with the higher simulated electron temperature profile from visible in Fig.~\ref{fig:eqprof-bias}b. Heat flux data from the Helimak experiment was not available.

\section{Conclusions} \label{sec:conc}
In this paper, we presented simulations of limiter biasing in the Texas Helimak and compared with grounded simulations and with experimental data. Limiter biasing is applied in the Helimak to better understand the role that $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow shear can play on turbulence suppression. The limiter biasing was simulated self-consistently through the conducting sheath boundary conditions outlined in Sec.~\ref{sec:modeleqns}. As in Ref.~\citenum{bernard2019}, we observe a top--bottom asymmetry in experimental density profiles that is not present in our simulation. We have demonstrated that this is likely due to the vertical (or analogously to tokamak geometry, poloidal) component of the $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow that is not currently included in our model. This vertical (or poloidal) $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow is commonly neglected in flux-tube codes, but our results demonstrate the shortcomings of this assumption. By a simplified 1D transport model (Appendix \ref{app}), we demonstrate that a moderate vertical $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow, which is of the same order of magnitude as the vertical component of the parallel flow, may cause an increase in density levels at the downstream end of the device, towards which the $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow is directed. A downstream increase is observed in experimental density profiles.

Our analysis shows that local linear interchange growth rates are generally larger or only marginally less than flow shear rates, particularly in the experimental data, which suggests that shear would not have a significant effect on turbulence levels. By comparing the local linear interchange growth rates for the biased scenarios, we observed that an increase or decrease relative to the grounded scenario corresponded to an increase or decrease, respectively, in turbulence levels. We thus conclude that differences in experimental turbulent fluctuation levels observed for different bias voltages in the Helimak likely resulted from changes in equilibrium profile gradients caused by changes in bulk flow. In agreement with Ref.~\citenum{gentle2014turbulence}, we found no strong evidence for shear-suppression of turbulence.

To more accurately capture the top--bottom asymmetry and changes to turbulence levels observed experimentally it is necessary to implement realistic geometry in our model that includes the vertical $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow and magnetic shear. These developments are currently underway and validation of these features will be forthcoming. A more realistic model would also include interaction with neutrals that can produce a drag force on ions and affect flow patterns. This may account for differences in the vertical flow calculated from spectroscopic measurements presented in Fig.~14 of Ref.~\citenum{gentle2014turbulence} as compared with the $\v{E} \times \v{B}$\ flow calculated from the baffled probe measurements of the plasma potential shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:phi-ve}. Thus coupling a neutral transport model to the {\tt Gkeyll}\ gyrokinetic solver is important future work.

\begin{acknowledgments}
We thank J.~Guterl and F.~D.~Halpern for helpful feedback and enlightening discussions. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, Theory Program, under Award No.~DE-FG02-95ER54309; by DOE contract DE-FG02-04ER-54742, through the Institute of Fusion Studies at the University of Texas at Austin; and by DOE contract DE-AC02-09CH11466, through the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1548562.

-- Disclaimer -- This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Existe alguma forma de baixar um vídeo do Youtube usando o urllib? Existe alguma forma de baixar um vídeo no youtube usando o urllib em Python?
Fiz um teste, mas não funciona (apenas um exemplo):
import urllib.request

youtube = ""

pagina = urllib.request.urlopen(youtube)

urllib.request.urlretrieve("", "video.mp4")

A:
Nota: Vale lembrar que o Youtube tem termos e condições, se os videos não são seus eu não recomendo fazer isto, como o Wallace disse

Existe uma lib livre de dependencias chamada pytube, instale usando o PIP, digite no terminal ou cmd:
pip install pytube

Exemplo de script:
from pytube import YouTube

# Esta parte não é necessária é apenas usada para entender o exemplo
from pprint import pprint

yt = YouTube("http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik-RsDGPI5Y")

# Uma vez selecionado você pode ver todos formatos e resoluções disponíveis do video que deseja acessar

print(yt.get_videos())

# Exemplos de saídas possíveis

# [<Video: MPEG-4 Visual (.3gp) - 144p>,
#  <Video: MPEG-4 Visual (.3gp) - 240p>,
#  <Video: Sorenson H.263 (.flv) - 240p>,
#  <Video: H.264 (.flv) - 360p>,
#  <Video: H.264 (.flv) - 480p>,
#  <Video: H.264 (.mp4) - 360p>,
#  <Video: H.264 (.mp4) - 720p>,
#  <Video: VP8 (.webm) - 360p>,
#  <Video: VP8 (.webm) - 480p>]

# O nome do video é automaticamente gerado a partir do titulo, mas você pode sobreescrever

# view the auto generated filename:
print(yt.filename)

# Pulp Fiction - Dancing Scene [HD]

# Renomeia:
yt.set_filename('Dancing Scene from Pulp Fiction')

# Você pode ficar a lista por tipo
print(yt.filter('flv'))

# [<Video: Sorenson H.263 (.flv) - 240p>,
#  <Video: H.264 (.flv) - 360p>,
#  <Video: H.264 (.flv) - 480p>]

# Note que a lista é ordenada da menor resolução para maior
# Se esta procurando a maior resolução pelo formato faça isso:

print(yt.filter('mp4')[-1])

#Saída:
# <Video: H.264 (.mp4) - 720p>

# Você pode ver todos formatos por resolução
print(yt.filter(resolution='480p'))

# [<Video: H.264 (.flv) - 480p>,
#  <Video: VP8 (.webm) - 480p>]

# E pode pegar um video por resolução e formato

video = yt.get('mp4', '720p')

# NOTE: get() só irá reconhecer os formatos e resoluções disponiveis

print(yt.videos)

#[<Video: MPEG-4 Visual (.3gp) - 144p>,
# <Video: MPEG-4 Visual (.3gp) - 240p>,
# <Video: Sorenson H.263 (.flv) - 240p>,
# <Video: H.264 (.flv) - 360p>,
# <Video: H.264 (.flv) - 480p>,
# <Video: H.264 (.mp4) - 360p>,
# <Video: H.264 (.mp4) - 720p>,
# <Video: VP8 (.webm) - 360p>,
# <Video: VP8 (.webm) - 480p>]

# Since we have two H.264 (.mp4) available to us... now if we try to call get()
# on mp4...

video = yt.get('mp4')
# MultipleObjectsReturned: 2 videos met criteria.

# In this case, we'll need to specify both the codec (mp4) and resolution
# (either 360p or 720p).

# Okay, let's download it! (a destination directory is required)
video.download('/tmp/')

Por linha de comando:
Especifica a resolução:
$ pytube -r 720p http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik-RsDGPI5Y

Especifica aonde deseja salvar:
$ pytube -e mp4 -p ~/Downloads/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik-RsDGPI5Y

Especifica nome para ser salvo:
$ pytube -e mp4 -f Dancing Scene from Pulp Fiction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik-RsDGPI5Y

Especifica a resolução e o formato desejado:
$ pytube -e mp4 -r 720p http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik-RsDGPI5Y

A: Parece que de acordo com o Termo de Uso, não é legal baixar vídeos do Youtube.
Leia o item 5, com o título: "Uso de conteúdo", item B.
Provavelmente, não vai haver alguma API (pelo menos políticamente correta) que ofereça suporte para isso.
Nessa resposta do SOEN, também fala sobre isso.


text:
package sun.jvm.hotspot.tools;

import sun.jvm.hotspot.debugger.*;
import sun.jvm.hotspot.oops.*;
import sun.jvm.hotspot.runtime.*;
import java.io.PrintStream;

/** A sample tool which uses the Serviceability Agent's APIs to obtain
    an object histogram from a remote or crashed VM. */
public class ObjectHistogram extends Tool {

    public ObjectHistogram() {
       super();
    }

    public ObjectHistogram(JVMDebugger d) {
       super(d);
    }

   public void run() {
      run(System.out, System.err);
   }

   public void run(PrintStream out, PrintStream err) {
      // Ready to go with the database...
      ObjectHeap heap = VM.getVM().getObjectHeap();
      sun.jvm.hotspot.oops.ObjectHistogram histogram =
        new sun.jvm.hotspot.oops.ObjectHistogram();
      err.println("Iterating over heap. This may take a while...");
      long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
      heap.iterate(histogram);
      long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
      histogram.printOn(out);
      float secs = (float) (endTime - startTime) / 1000.0f;
      err.println("Heap traversal took " + secs + " seconds.");
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ObjectHistogram oh = new ObjectHistogram();
      oh.execute(args);
   }
}