text:
Arbitration Act (Chapter 15)
This legislation was repealed on 18 Jan 2021 by
Arbitration Act, 2020 (Act 2 of 2020)
akn-tz-act-ord-1931-26-eng-2019-11-30.pdf
Arbitration Act
Commenced on 22 May 1931
[This is the version of this document at 30 November 2019.]
[Repealed by Arbitration Act, 2020 (Act 2 of 2020) on 18 January 2021]
[Ords. Nos. 26 of 1931; 32 of 1932; Act No. 10 of 1971]An Act to provide for arbitration of disputes.
Part I – Preliminary provisions
This Act may be cited as the Arbitration Act.
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—"the court" means the High Court;"submission" means a written agreement to submit present or future differences to arbitration, whether an arbitrator is named therein or not.
Part II – General provisions relating to arbitration by consent out of court
3. Application of Part II
This Part shall apply only to disputes which, if the matter submitted to arbitration formed the subject of a suit, the High Court only would be competent to try:Provided that, in regard to disputes which, if they formed the subject of a suit would be triable otherwise than by the High Court, the President may, with the concurrence of the Chief Justice, confer the powers vested in the court by this Part either upon all subordinate courts or any particular subordinate court or class of court.
4. Provisions implied in submission
Unless a different intention is expressed therein a submission shall be irrevocable, except by leave of the court, and shall be deemed to include the provisions set forth in the First Schedule hereto, in so far as they are applicable to the reference under submission.
5. Reference to arbitrator to be appointed by third person
The parties to a submission may agree that the reference shall be to an arbitrator or arbitrators to be appointed by a person designated therein and an arbitration may be designated either by name or as the holder for the time being of any office or appointment.
6. Power to stay proceedings where there is submission
Where a party to a submission to which this Part applies, or a person claiming under him, commences a legal proceedings against any other party to the submission or any person claiming under him in respect of any matter agreed to be referred, a party to the legal proceedings may, at any time after appearance and before filing a written statement or taking any other steps in the proceedings apply to the court to stay the proceedings; and the court, if satisfied that there is no sufficient reason why the matter should not be referred in accordance with the submission and that the applicant was, at the time when the proceedings were commenced, and still remains, ready and willing to do all things necessary for the proper conduct of the arbitration, may make an order staying the proceedings.
7. Powers of court to extend time for commencing arbitration proceedings
(1)Where the terms of an agreement to refer future disputes to arbitration provide that any claim to which the agreement applies shall be barred unless notice to appoint an arbitrator is given or an arbitrator is appointed or some other step is taken within the time fixed by the agreement and a dispute arises to which the agreement applies, the court, if it is of the opinion that the circumstances of the case hardship would otherwise be caused and notwithstanding that the time so fixed has expired may, on such terms, if any, as it may consider just, extend the time for the period as it thinks proper.
(2)The provisions of subsection (1) shall be without prejudice to any written law limiting the time for the commencement of arbitration proceedings.[Act No. 10 of 1971 2nd Sch.][s. 6A]
8. Power of court in certain cases to appoint arbitrator, umpire or third arbitrator
(1)In any of the following cases—
(a)where a submission provides that the reference shall be to a single arbitrator and all the parties do not, after differences have arisen, concur in the appointment of an arbitrator;
(b)if an appointed arbitrator neglects or refuses to act or is incapable of acting or dies or is removed, and the submission does not show that it was intended that the vacancy should not be filled and the parties do not fill the vacancy;
(c)where the parties or two arbitrators are at liberty to appoint an umpire or third arbitrator and do not appoint him;
(d)where an appointed umpire or third arbitrator refuses to act or is incapable of acting or dies or is removed and the submission does not show that it was intended that the vacancy should not be filled, and the parties or arbitrators do not fill the vacancy,
any party may serve the other parties or the arbitrators, as the case may be, with a written notice to concur in appointing an arbitrator, umpire or third arbitrator.
(2)Where the appointment is not made within seven clear days after the service of the notice, the court may, on application by the party who gave the notice and after giving the other party an opportunity of being heard, appoint an arbitrator, umpire or third arbitrator who shall have the like powers to act in the reference and to make an award as if he had been appointed by consent of all parties.[Cap. 4 s. 8][s. 7]
9. Power of parties in certain cases to fill vacancy
Where a submission provides that the reference shall be to two arbitrators, one to be appointed by each party, unless a different intention is expressed therein—
(a)if either of the appointed arbitrators refuses to act or is incapable of acting or dies or is removed, the party who appointed him may appoint a new arbitrator in his place;
(b)if, on such a reference, one party fails to appoint an arbitrator either originally or by way of substitution for seven clear days after the other party, having appointed his arbitrator, has served the party making default with a written notice to make the appointment, the party who has appointed an arbitrator may appoint that arbitrator to act as sole arbitrator in the reference and his award shall be binding on both parties as if he had been appointed by consent:Provided that, the court may set aside any appointment made under this paragraph.[s. 8]
10. Power as to appointment of arbitrators where submission provides for three arbitrators
(1)Where a submission provides that the reference shall be to three arbitrators, one to be appointed by each party and the third to be appointed by the two appointed by the parties, unless the submission expresses a contrary intention—
(a)if one party fails to appoint an arbitrator for seven clear days after the other party, having appointed his arbitrator, has served the party making default with notice to make the appointment the party who has appointed an arbitrator may appoint that arbitrator to act as sole arbitrator in the reference and the award of the arbitrator so appointed shall be binding on both parties as if he had been appointed by consent;
(b)if after each party has appointed an arbitrator and the two arbitrators appointed fail to appoint a third arbitrator within seven clear days after the service by either party of a notice upon them to make the appointment, the court may, on an application by the party who gave the notice, exercise in the place of the two arbitrators the power of appointing the third arbitrator;
(c)if an arbitrator appointed either by one of the parties or by the arbitrators or by the court refuses to act or is incapable of acting or dies, a new arbitrator may be appointed in his place by the party, arbitrators or court, as the case may be.
(2)The court may set aside any appointment of a person to act as sole arbitrator made under this section.[s. 9]
11. Power of arbitrator or umpire
The arbitrators or umpire acting under a submission shall, unless a different intention is expressed therein, have power—
(a)to administer oaths to the parties and witnesses appearing;
(b)to state a special case for the opinion of the court on any question of law involved; and
(c)to correct in an award any clerical mistake or error arising from any accidental slip or omission.
[Ord. No. 32 of 1932 s. 2][s. 10]
12. Award to be signed and filed
(1)When the arbitrators or umpire have made their award, they shall sign it and shall give notice to the parties of the making and signing thereof and of the amount of the fees and charges payable to the arbitrators or umpire in respect of the arbitration and award.
(2)The arbitrators or umpire shall, at the request of any party to the submission or any person claiming under him and upon payment of the fees and charges due in respect of the arbitration and award and of the costs and charges of filing the award, cause the award or a signed copy of it, to be filed in the court; and notice of the filing shall be given to the parties by the arbitrators or umpire.
(3)Where the arbitrators or umpire state a special case under paragraph (b) of section 10, the court shall deliver its opinion thereon and the opinion shall be added to, and shall form part of, the award.[s. 11]
13. Process to summon witnesses
(1)The court shall issue the same processes to the parties and any witness whom the arbitrator or umpire desires to examine as the court may issue in suits tried before it.
(2)Persons not attending in accordance with such process or making any other default or refusing to give their evidence or guilty of any contempt to the arbitrator or umpire during the investigation of the matters referred shall be subject to the like disadvantages, penalties and punishments by order of the court on the representation of the arbitrators or umpire as they would incur for the like offences in suits tried before the court.[s. 12]
14. Power of court to extend time for making award
The time for making an award may, from time to time, be extended by order of the court whether the time for making the award has expired or not.[s. 13]
15. Power to remit award
(1)The court may, from time to time, remit the award to the reconsideration of the arbitrators or umpire.
(2)Where an award is remitted, the arbitrators or umpire shall, unless the court otherwise directs, make a fresh award within three months after the date of the order remitting the award.[s. 14]
16. Power to set aside award
Where an arbitrator or umpire has misconducted himself or an arbitration or award has been improperly procured, the court may set aside the award.[s. 15]
17. Award when filed to be enforceable as decree
(1)An award on a submission on being filed in the court in accordance with this Act shall, unless the court remits it to the consideration of the arbitrators or umpire or sets it aside be enforceable as if it were a decree of the court.
(2)An award may be conditional or in the alternative.[s. 16]
18. Power to remove arbitrator or umpire
Where an arbitrator or umpire commits any misconduct, the court may remove him.[s. 17]
Any order made by the court may be made on such terms as to costs or otherwise as the court thinks fit.[s. 18]
20. Forms
The Minister responsible for legal affairs may make Regulations for the purposes of this Act and may amend the Second Schedule.[s. 19]
21. Power of High Court to make rules
The High Court may make rules as to—
(a)the filing of awards and all consequent or incidental proceedings;
(b)the filing and hearing of special cases and all consequent or incidental proceedings;
(c)the staying of any suit or proceedings in contravention of a submission to arbitration; and
(d)the general conduct of all proceedings in court under this Act.
[s. 20]
22. Application of Part II to Government
This Part shall apply to a submission of or an arbitration to which the Government of the United Republic is a party.[s. 21]
23. Omiitted
[s. 22; s. 23]
24. Omitted
25. Application to statutory arbitration
This Part shall apply to arbitrations under any law in force before or after the commencement of this Act as if the arbitration were pursuant to a submission, except in so far as this Part is inconsistent with that law in relation to its provisions regulating arbitration or with any rules or procedure authorised or recognised by that law.[s. 24]
26. Transitional provisions
Part III – Provisions relating to the Protocol set forth in the Third Schedule
27. Staying of court proceedings in respect of matters to be referred to arbitration under agreements relating to submission to arbitration
Notwithstanding anything in Part II, if any party to a submission made in pursuance of an agreement to which the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses of 1923 which is set forth in the Third Schedule hereto applies or any person commences any legal proceedings in any court against any other party to the submission or any person claiming through or under him in respect of any matter agreed to be referred, any party to these legal proceedings may, at any time after appearance, and before delivering any pleadings or taking other steps in the proceedings apply to that court to stay the proceedings and that court, unless satisfied that the agreement or arbitration has become inoperative or cannot proceed or that there is not in fact any dispute between the parties with regard to the matter agreed to be referred, shall make an order staying the proceedings.[Ord. No. 32 of 1932 s. 4][s. 26]
Part IV – Provisions relating to the Convention set forth in the Fourth Schedule
28. Application of Part IV
(1)The provisions of this Part apply to any award made after 28th July, 1924—
(a)in pursuance of an agreement for arbitration to which the Protocol set out in the Third Schedule applies; and
(b)between persons of who are subject to the jurisdiction of any State which is a party to the Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards which Convention is set out in the Fourth Schedule to this Act; and an award to which the provisions of this Part apply, is in this Part referred to as "a foreign award".
(2)This Part shall not apply to any award made on an arbitration agreement governed by the law of Tanzania.[s. 27]
29. Effect of foreign awards
(1)A foreign award shall, subject to the provisions of this Part, be enforceable in the High Court either by action or under the provisions of section 16.
(2)Any foreign award which would be enforceable under this Part shall be treated as binding for all purposes on the persons as between whom it was made and may accordingly be relied on by any of those persons by way of defence, set-off or otherwise in any legal proceedings; and any reference in this Part to enforcing a foreign award shall be construed as including references to relying on an award.[s. 28]
30. Conditions for enforcement of foreign awards
(1)In order that a foreign award may be enforceable under this Part, it must—
(a)have been made in pursuance of an agreement for arbitration which was valid under the law by which it was governed;
(b)have been made by the tribunal provided for in the agreement or constituted in manner agreed upon by the parties;
(c)have been made in conformity with the law governing the arbitration procedure;
(d)have become final in the country in which it was made; and
(e)have been in respect of a matter which may lawfully be referred to arbitration under the law of Tanzania, and its enforcement must not be contrary to the public policy or the law of Tanzania.
(2)Subject to the provisions of this subsection, a foreign award shall not be enforceable under this Part if the court is satisfied that—
(a)the award has been annulled in the country in which it was made; or
(b)the party against whom it is sought to enforce the award was not given notice of the arbitration proceedings in sufficient time to enable him to present his case or was under some legal incapacity and was not properly represented; or
(c)the award does not deal with all the questions referred or contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the agreement for arbitration:Provided that, if the award does not deal with all the questions referred the court may, if it thinks fit, either postpone the enforcement of the award or order its enforcement subject to the giving of such security by the person seeking to enforce it as the court may think fit.
(3)Where a party seeking to resist the enforcement of a foreign award proves that there is any ground other than the non-existence of the conditions specified in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of subsection (1) of this section, or the existence of the conditions specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of subsection (2) of this section entitling him to contest the validity of the award the court may, if it thinks fit, either refuse to enforce the award or adjourn the hearing until after the expiration of such period as appears to the court to be reasonably sufficient to enable that party to take the necessary steps to have the award annulled by the competent tribunal.[Cap. 4 s. 8][s. 29]
31. Evidence
(1)The party seeking to enforce a foreign award must produce—
(a)the original award or its copy duly authenticated in the manner required by the law of the country in which it was made;
(b)evidence proving that the award has become final; and
(c)such evidence as may be necessary to prove that the award is a foreign award and that the conditions mentioned in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of subsection (1) of section 29 are satisfied.
(2)In any case where any document required to be produced under subsection (1) of this section is in a foreign language, it shall be the duty of the party seeking to enforce the award to produce a translation certified as correct by a diplomatic or consular agent of the country to which that party belongs, or certified as correct in such other manner as may be sufficient according to the law of Tanzania.
(3)Subject to the provisions of this section the court may make rules with respect to the evidence which must be furnished by a party seeking to enforce an award under this Part.[s. 30]
32. Meaning of "final award"
For the purposes of this Part, an award shall not be deemed final if any proceedings for the purpose of contesting the validity of the award are pending in the country in which it was made.[s. 31]
Transitional provisions.[s. 32]
First Schedule (Section 4)
Provisions to be implied in submissions
1.Where no other mode of reference is provided, the reference shall be to a single arbitrator.[Cap. 4 s. 8]
2.Where the reference is to two arbitrators, the two arbitrators may appoint an umpire at any time within the period during which they have power to make an award.[Cap. 4 s. 8]
3.The arbitrators shall make their award in writing within three months after entering on the reference, or after having been called on to act by notice in writing from any party to the submission, or on or before any later day to which the arbitrators, in writing signed by them may, from time to time, extend the time for making the award.
4.Where the arbitrators have allowed their time or extended time to expire without making an award or have delivered to any party to the submission or to the umpire a notice in writing stating that they cannot agree, the umpire may forthwith enter on the reference in lieu of the arbitrators.
5.The umpire shall make his award within one month after the original or extended time appointed for making the award of the arbitrators has expired, or on or before any later day to which the umpire, in writing signed by him may, from time to time, extend the time for making his award.
6.Subject to any legal objection, the parties to the reference and all persons claiming through them respectively shall, submit to be examined by the arbitrators or umpire on oath or affirmation in relation to the matters in dispute, and shall produce before the arbitrators or umpire all books, deeds, papers, accounts, writings and documents within their possession or power which may be required or called for and do all other things which, during the proceedings on the reference, the arbitrators or umpire may require.
7.The witnesses on the reference shall, if the arbitrators or umpire think fit, be examined on oath.
8.The award to be made by the arbitrators or umpire shall be final and binding on the parties and the persons claiming under them respectively.
9.The cost of the reference and award shall be in the discretion of the arbitrators or umpire who may direct to and by whom and in what manner those costs or any part thereof shall be paid and may tax or settle the amount of costs to be so paid or any part thereof and may award costs to the paid as between advocate and client.
Second Schedule (Section 20)
Form 1 - Submission to arbitration
The Arbitration Act
In the matter of the Arbitration Act.Whereas differences have arisen and are still subsisting between A. B. of ______________________ ,. and C. D.____________________ of Concerning ________________________________________Now we, the said A. B. and C. D., do hereby agree to refer the said matters in difference to the arbitration of X. Y.(Signed)A. B.C.D.Dated ________________ 20 ____
Form 2 - Appointment of arbitration under agreement to refer differences to arbitration
In the matter of the Arbitration ActWhereas by an agreement in writing dated the ___________________________________, and made between A. B. of _________________, and C. D of _________________ it is provided that differences between the parties shall be referred to an arbitrator as therein mentioned.And whereas differences within the meaning of the said agreement have arisen and are still subsisting between the parties concerning _______________________________________________________________________________Now we, the parties, A, B. and C. D., do hereby refer the matters in difference to the arbitration award of X. Y.(Signed)A. B.C. D.Dated ________________ 20 ____
Form 3 - Extension of time by arbitrator by endorsement on submission
In the matter of the Arbitration Act, and an arbitration between A. B., of _____________________ , and C. D., of _________ I hereby extend the time of making my award in respect of the matters in difference referred to me until the __________ day of ____________ 20 ______(Signed)X. Y.ArbitratorDated ________________ 20 _____
Form 4 - Case stated for opinion of court
In the matter of the Arbitration Act and an arbitration between A. B., of _____________________. , and C. D., of _ ___________________________.The following special case is, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (b) of section 10 of the Act, stated for the opinion of the High Court (Here state the facts concisely in numbered paragraphs).The questions of law for the opinion of the court are:-First, whether ___________________________________________Secondly, whether __________________________________________Dated _________________________________________________(Signed)X. Y.Arbitrator
Form 5 - Award
In the matter of the Arbitration Act and an arbitration between A. B. of. _____________________ and C. D. of ______________________________Whereas, in pursuance of an agreement in writing dated the __________ day of _____________ 20 ____________, made between A. B. of _________________ and C. D. of ______________________ , A. B. and C. D. have referred to me, X. Y., the matters in difference between them concerning ______________________________________Now I, X. Y., having duly considered the matters submitted to me, do hereby make an award as follows-I award-(1)That ________________________________________________________________(2)That ________________________________________________________________(Signed)X. Y.ArbitratorDated _____________ 20 __________________
Third Schedule (Section 27)
Protocol on arbitration clauses
1.Each of the contracting states recognises the validity of an agreement whether relating to existing or future differences between parties, subject respectively to the jurisdiction of different contracting states by which the parties to a contract agree to submit to arbitration all or any differences that may arise in connection with such contract relating to commercial matters or any other matter capable of settlement by arbitration, whether or not the arbitration is to take place in a country to whose jurisdiction none of the parties is subject.Each Contracting State reserves the right to limit the obligation mentioned above to contracts which are considered as commercial under its national law. Any Contracting State which avails itself of this right will notify the Secretary-General of the League of Nations, in order that the other Contracting States may be so informed.
2.The arbitral procedure, including the constitution of the arbitral tribunal, shall be governed by the will of the parties and by the law of the country in whose territory the arbitration takes place.The Contracting States agree to facilitate all steps in the procedure which require to be taken in their own territories, in accordance with the provisions of their law governing arbitral procedure applicable to existing differences.
3.Each contracting state undertakes to ensure the execution by its authorities and in accordance with the provisions of its national laws of arbitral awards made in its own territory under the preceding articles.
4.The tribunals of the contracting parties on being seized of a dispute regarding a contract made between persons to whom article 1 applies and including an arbitration agreement whether referring to present or future differences which is valid in virtue of the said article and capable of being carried into effect, shall refer the parties on the application of either of them to the decision of the arbitrators.Such reference shall not prejudice the competence of the judicial tribunals in case the agreement or the arbitration cannot proceed or become inoperative.
5.The present protocol, which shall remain open for signature by all states, shall be ratified. the ratifications shall be deposited as soon as possible with the secretary-general of the league of nations, who shall notify such deposit to all signatory states.
6.The present protocol shall come into force as soon as two ratifications have been deposited. thereafter it will take effect, in the case of each contracting state, one month after the notification by the secretary-general of the deposit of its ratification.
7.The present protocol may be denounced by any contracting state giving one year's notice. denunciation shall be effected by a notification addressed to the secretary-general of the league, who will immediately transmit copies of such notification to all the other signatory states and inform them of the date on which it was received. the denunciation shall take effect one year after the date on which it was notified to the secretary-general, and shall operate only in respect of the notifying state.
8.The contracting states may declare that their acceptance of the present protocol does not include any or all of the under mentioned territories: that is to say, their colonies, overseas possessions or territories, protectorates or the territories over which they exercise a mandate.The said States may subsequently adhere separately on behalf of any territory thus excluded. The Secretary-General of the League of Nations shall be informed as soon as possible of such adhesions. He shall notify such adhesions to all signatory States. They will take effect one month after the notification by the Secretary-General to all signatory States.The Contracting States may also denounce the Protocol separately on behalf of any of the territories referred to above. Article 7 applies to such denunciation.
Fourth Schedule (Section 28)
Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards
In the territories of any High Contracting Party to which the present Convention applies, an arbitral award made in pursuance of an agreement, whether relating to existing or future differences (hereinafter called "a submission to arbitration") covered by the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses, opened at Geneva on 24th September, 1923, shall be recognised as binding and shall be enforced in accordance with the rules of the procedure of the territory where the award is relied upon, provided that the said award has been made in a territory of one of the High Contracting Parties to which the present Convention applies and between persons who are subject to the jurisdiction of one of the High Contracting Parties.To obtain such recognition or enforcement, it shall, further, be necessary—
(a)that the award has been made in pursuance of a submission to arbitration which is valid under the law applicable thereto;
(b)that the subject—matter of the award is capable of settlement by arbitration under the law of the country in which the award is sought to be relied upon;
(c)that the award has been made by the Arbitral Tribunal provided for in the submission to arbitration or constituted in the manner agreed upon by the parties and in conformity with the law governing the arbitration procedure;
(d)that the award has become final in the country in which it has been made in the sense that it will not be considered as such if it is open to opposition, appe/ or pourvoi en cassation (in the countries where such forms of procedure exist) or if it is proved that any proceedings for the purpose of contesting the validity of the award are pending;
(e)that the recognition or enforcement of the award is not contrary to the public policy or to the principles of the law of the country in which it is sought to be relied upon.
Even if the conditions laid down in Article I hereof are fulfilled, recognition and enforcement of the award shall be refused if the Court is satisfied—
(a)that the award has been annulled in the country in which it was made;
(b)that the party against whom it is sought to use the award was not given notice of the arbitration proceedings in sufficient time to enable him to present his case; or that, being under a legal incapacity, he was not properly represented;
(c)that the award does no deal with the differences contemplated by or falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration or that it contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration.
Where the award has not covered all the questions submitted to the arbitral tribunal, the competent authority of the country where recognition or enforcement of the award is sought can, if it thinks fit, postpone such recognition or enforcement or grant it subject to such guarantee as that authority may decide.
Where the party against whom the award has been made proves that, under the law governing the arbitration procedure, there is a ground, other than the grounds referred to in Article I(a) and (c), and Article 2(b) and (c), entitling him to contest the validity of the award in a court of law, the court may if it thinks fit, either refuse recognition or enforcement of the award or adjourn the consideration thereof, giving such party a reasonable time within which to have the award annulled by the competent tribunal.
The party relying upon an award or claiming its enforcement must supply, in particular—
(a)the original award or a copy thereof duly authenticated, according to the requirements of the law of the country in which it was made;
(b)documentary or other evidence to prove that the award has become final, in the sense defined in Article 1 (d), in the country in which it was made;
(c)when necessary, documentary or other evidence to prove that the conditions laid down in Article I, paragraph I and paragraph 2(a) and (c), have been fulfilled.
A translation of the award and of the other documents mentioned in this Article in the official language of the country where the award is sought to be relied upon may be demanded. Such translation must be certified correct by a diplomatic or consular agent of the country to which the party who seeks to rely upon the award belongs or by a sworn translator of the country where the award is sought to be relied upon.
The provisions of the above Articles shall not deprive any interested party of the right of availing himself of an arbitral award in the manner and to the extent allowed by the law, or the law or the treaties of the country where such award is sought to be relied upon.
The present Convention applies only to arbitral awards made after the coming into force of the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses, opened at Geneva on 24th September, 1923.
The present Convention, which will remain open to the signature of all the signatories of the Protocol of 1923 on Arbitration Clauses, shall be ratified.It may be ratified only on behalf of those Members of the League of Nations and non-Member States on whose behalf the Protocol of 1923 shall have been ratified.Ratifications shall be deposited as soon as possible with the Secretary-general of the League of Nations, who will notify such deposit to all the signatories.
The present Convention shall come into force three months after it shall have been ratified on behalf of two High Contracting Parties. Thereafter it shall take effect, in the case of each High Contracting Party three months after the deposit of the ratification on its behalf with the Secretary-General of the League of Nations.
The present Convention may be denounced on behalf of any Member of the league or non-Member State. Denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Secretary-General of the League of Nations, who will immediately send a copy thereof, certified to be in conformity with the notification, to all the other Contracting Parties, at the same time informing them of the date on which he received it.The denunciation shall come into force only in respect of the High Contracting Party which shall have notified it and one year after such notification shall have reached the Secretary-General of the League of Nations.The denunciation of the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses shall entail, ipso facto, the denunciation of the present Convention.
The present Convention does not apply to the colonies, protectorates or territories under suzerainty or mandate of any High Contracting Party unless they are specially mentioned.The application of this Convention to one or more of such colonies, protectorates or territories to which the Protocol on Arbitration Clauses, opened at Geneva on 24th September, 1923, applies, can be effected at any time by means of a declaration addressed to the Secretary-General of the League of Nations by one of the High Contracting Parties.Such declaration shall take effect three months after the deposit thereof.The High Contracting Parties can at any time denounce the Convention for all or any of the colonies, protectorates or territories referred to above. Article 9 hereof applies to such denunciation.
A certified copy of the present Convention shall be transmitted by the Secretary-General of the League of Nations to every Member of the League of Nations and to every non-Member State which signs the same.


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Frank Bruno
Frank Bruno is possibly the most popular boxer Britain has ever produced. A loveable personality, he sprung to prominence during his interviews with BBC Television's Harry Carpenter.
Born in 1961, Frank had four attempts at winning the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship. His first ended in defeat when he was beaten by Tim Witherspoon at Wembley.
Undeterred, he then challenged Mike Tyson in Las Vegas, but despite rocking Tyson, the evening was to end in disappointment for Bruno.
For many boxers that would have been the end of the road, but he was given another chance for a crack at the world title. This time he met Britain's Lennox Lewis, and despite dominating the fight, Lewis ended up winning. That appeared to be the end of the Frank Bruno story. But proving that old adage that "if at first you don't succeed", Frank was given one more chance. In 1995, he succeeded with his life long dream when he beat Oliver McCall to become WBC Heavyweight Champion.
Bruno's reign as Champion lasted for 6 months, when once again he returned to Las Vegas to meet Mike Tyson, and once again the contest ended in victory for Tyson. Frank Bruno's illustrious boxing career was over.
Bruno continues to be one of the country's busiest celebrities working in television, radio and making personal appearances.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Although a popular destination for tourists in the summer especially, Greece's cuisine is not all seafood, salads and kebabs. Some of the most delicious traditional Greek foods are feel good meals; beautifully marinated with traditional herbs that can be eaten all year round. Here's my tried and tested list of top five Greek dishes that you just have to try!
1. Lamb Kleftiko – Lamb kleftiko is a hearty traditional Greek dish which consists of slow cooked meat on the bone, potatoes, vegetables and sometimes feta cheese marinated in garlic, lemon juice and Greek herbs sealed in parchment paper or tin foil and baked in the oven. Literally deriving from the word 'Klepht' which means 'thief' it is said that the Klephts of the countryside stole flocks of sheep or goats and cooked the meat in a deep pit oven in the ground so that the smoke could not be seen and they would not get caught.
2. Stifado – Traditionally made with rabbit due to the wide availability and cheaper price, Stifado is a stew-like dish that is now popularly eaten with beef, served with shallot onions and tomatoes, and cooked in red wine, vinegar and cinnamon. The perfect winter warmer comfort food for when the hot Mediterranean temperatures start to cool down.
3. Moussaka – Perhaps one of the most well-known and iconic of the Greek foods is of course moussaka! A Greek take on the Italian lasagne dish which is made by layering minced meat, pasta sheets and aubergine with a thick béchamel sauce and baked in the oven. Incredibly filling but very tasty.
4. Souvlaki/Gyros – The list would not be complete without some kind of kebab to end those long summer days lounging on the beach. Souvlaki and gyros are both popularly served as a chicken, lamb or pork kebab with pitta, salad and the traditional light and refreshing Greek dip, tzatziki; made from yoghurt, lemon, cucumber and garlic.
Baklava – And finally for those who have a (very) sweet tooth, dessert has been covered with the heavenly baklava. A layered filo pastry pie full of nuts and completely saturated in honey… food of the Gods!


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Spyro The Dragon Trilogy is getting a full remaster treatment just like it was the case with the Crash Bandicoot Trilogy. Activision hasn't shared any official announcement but they have started to tease the remaster with some vague hints. Eagle eyed fans have also noticed some changes like an official Twitter account that is currently inactive and now the official domain for the series that seems to be active again.
Spyro the Dragon Trilogy reveal is definitely inbound very soon.
Spyro The Dragon was one of the most iconic platformer along with Crash Bandicoot on the PS1. While Crash Bandicoot has been remastered and with a huge success after selling millions of units worldwide, Activision seems to have put their attention towards Spyro The Dragon Trilogy remaster. It was first leaked by Kotaku and since then, it has been rumored through vague hints and teases by fans.
The time to get an official reveal is soon after IGN received a Mysterious Package which was sent by Falcon Mcbob. This is the same name as an unverified Spyro The Dragon twitter account that has been linked to Activision. If there is a reveal happening, it is could be soon since the website update and this new tease points toward the same.
Let us know if you are excited about a remaster for Spyro The Dragon in the comments below.


This week: Adaptly shares paid social tips for sporting goods retailers and weighs in on the impact of paid social on political campaigns, Pinterest receives further funding to boost visual search capabilities, Snap Inc. acquires location measurement and offline attribution company Placed.
Platforms like Facebook and Instagram are where like-minded communities come together online, and sports fans and fitness enthusiasts are no exception. 64 million people joined the Super Bowl conversation on Facebook this year, with 44 million more chiming in on Instagram. Sporting goods retailers can take advantage of the ad formats available on both platforms to reach highly-engaged users. Download Adaptly's strategy guide for tips on how sporting goods retailers can best use new ad units like Facebook Collection and Instagram Stories to achieve business objectives.
Social media has become so engrained in our daily lives that it has spilled over into political campaign strategies. President Trump called Facebook and social media in general "vital in securing victory", after reportedly spending millions of dollars on social advertising during the campaign. The same is holding true in the UK, where the general election unfolded this week. Adaptly's senior media operations director Simon Hislop weighs in on how British politicians are using social media and the broader implications of this practice.
Pinterest recently succeeded in raising an additional $150 million in capital from investors, bumping the company's valuation to $12.3 billion. The additional capital will bolster Pinterest's latest endeavors, such as visual search technology. Pinterest's Lens tool gives users the ability to search for objects on the platform using their smartphone's camera, which has helped lead a 40% surge year-over-year in mobile search on Pinterest. Adaptly recently sat down with Pinterest's Head of Marketing Partners, Michael Akkerman, to discuss the future of search on the platform. For more information about visual discovery on Pinterest, check out our "Platform Views" Q&A series.
Snap Inc, the parent company of Snapchat, has acquired Placed, a company that helps advertisers track real-world purchase and store visits. Snapchat has been ramping up its ad tracking capabilities with products like Snap to Store, which traces in-store foot traffic tied to Snapchat ad campaigns. Placed's founder asserts that the company will continue to act as a "common yardstick" that will measure the effect of online advertising across multiple platforms.


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Courts differ over weighing pain credibility
by Mark Debofsky | Feb 27, 2006 | Pain and Disability | 0 comments
Johnson, an accounting clerk for Wells Fargo, applied for disability benefits due to rheumatoid arthritis, which caused her significant pain, stiffness and diminished manual dexterity.
She originally received intermittent short-term disability leave from 2000 through 2002 before applying for long-term disability due to the rheumatoid arthritis, along with fibromyalgia, which was also diagnosed.
MetLife had the claim reviewed by Dr. Jeffrey Lieberman, a rheumatologist, who reported that Johnson should be able to work due to the absence of active synovitis or joint erosions, although the treating rheumatologist noted synovitis in the wrist and certified Johnson's disability due to limited walking and standing without significant pain. A bone scan was normal, however. A second doctor, Tracey Schmidt also reviewed the file for MetLife and found a lack of objective evidence of a physical impairment, leading MetLife to deny benefits. That determination was upheld both by the district court and the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
The main arguments centered around the issue of whether the plaintiff could qualify for benefits in the absence of objective medical evidence of disability. Citing its recent ruling in Pralutsky v. Metropolitan Life Insur.Co., 2006 U.S.App.LEXIS 1142 (Jan. 19), the 8th Circuit found no procedural irregularities and ruled that the issue depends on whether the benefit plan could be interpreted reasonably to require submission of objective evidence: "The evidence a plan administrator may require to prove disability benefit claims depends on the terms of the plan and the circumstances of the case." *8 (citing Pralutsky). Finding that the policy's requirement of submission of "documented proof" of disability rendered it reasonable to interpret the plan to require objective proof, the court upheld the lower court's determination. The court added that fibromyalgia can be objectively diagnosed with trigger-point findings; thus, the court rejected the plaintiff's argument that defendant required proof that was impossible to obtain.
However, it appears the real rub in the case was that one of the plaintiff's treating doctors suspected that Johnson may have exaggerated her pain complaints.
The court further noted: "Here, Johnson's subjective, uncorroborated complaints of pain constituted the only evidence of her ailments. All of the objective medical evidence in the record, including a bone scan, a grip test, and a tender-points test, indicates that she did not suffer from rheumatoid arthritis or fibromyalgia to the extent that they rendered her disabled." *11-*12.
Hence, the court found in favor of the insurer.
This case certainly presents a difficult question for a court to resolve: Where the claimant suffers from a medical condition for which there is no known laboratory or imaging test to either diagnose the condition or rate its severity, how is a court to assess the insurer's disability determination? The way in which the 8th Circuit resolved the dispute was to focus on what the objective testing did not show; i.e., there was no corroborative evidence consistent with the plaintiff's pain complaints. Ultimately, however, such an approach seems unsatisfactory and contrary to the function of courts.
Perhaps the best analysis of how courts determine disability claims based on pain was offered in the Social Security context by the 7th Circuit in Carradine v. Barnhart, 360 F.3d 751 (2004). Acknowledging that "pain can be severe and disabling even in the absence of 'objective' medical findings, that is, test results that demonstrate a physical condition that normally causes pain of the severity claimed by the applicant" (360 F.3d at 753 (citations omitted)), the court went on to cite Social Security case law holding that "once the claimant produces medical evidence of an underlying impairment, the Commissioner may not discredit the claimant's testimony as to subjective symptoms merely because they are unsupported by objective evidence." Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 (9th Cir. 1996).
Hence, the court warned, "To insist in such a case, as the social security disability law does not … that the subjective complaint, even if believed by the trier of fact, is insufficient to warrant an award of benefits would place a whole class of disabled people outside the protection of that law." Cooper v. Casey, 97 F.3d 914, 917 (7th Cir. 1996) (citations omitted); see 20 C.F.R. '§ 404.1529(b)(2).
Of course, Carradine also notes that pain complaints can be exaggerated, which puts a premium on the Social Security Administrative Law Judge's duty to evaluate credibility "with great care." The court also cautioned, though, that an appropriate decisional framework must be applied because merely rejecting someone's credibility may not be enough – the claimant's pain may be due, in part, to psychological causes. Thus, the 7th Circuit looked at other critical factors – medications and other modalities used to control pain along with the improbability that the claimant is a good enough actress to fool a host of doctors and emergency room personnel into believing the claimant's pain complaints. The other factor of crucial importance, though, is "the difference between a person's being able to engage in sporadic physical activities and her being able to work eight hours a day five consecutive days of the week." 360 F.3d at 755. Just because someone engages in physical activities on a sporadic basis is not grounds for concluding that they are capable of working at a job on a regular basis.
Applying these principles to the Johnson case, one has to be troubled by how the Court of Appeals falls back on MetLife's discretion to uphold MetLife's decision. Carradine was also reviewed on a deferential standard of review, yet the court conducted a penetrating enough analysis to find significant flaws in the administrative law judge's reasoning. Unlike a Social Security case where the plaintiff would have been given the opportunity to cross-examine witnesses, Johnson was faced with unassailable opinions from two physicians retained by MetLife who never examined her and which the court relied on to uphold the insurer's conclusions. While a trial might have led to a finding that Johnson is not disabled, she was denied the opportunity to present her case and have her credibility assessed by a trier of fact. The 7th Circuit observed in Van Boxel v. Journal Employees Pension Trust, 836 F.2d 1048, 1052 (7th Cir. 1987) that employees' benefit rights "are too important these days for most employees to want to place them at the mercy of a biased tribunal subject only to a narrow form of 'arbitrary and capricious' review, relying on the company's interest in its reputation to prevent it from acting on its bias." ERISA was intended by Congress to be a paternalistic law (29 U.S.C. § 1001(b)); and the Supreme Court expanded on that theme in Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Bruch, 489 U.S. 101 (1989) when it ruled that claimants should not fare worse under the ERISA law than before its enactment. This case, which denied the plaintiff a full and fair consideration of her benefit claim, betrays those promises.
Johnson v. Metropolitan Life Insur.Co., 2006 U.S.App.LEXIS 3534 (8th Cir. Feb. 15).


Beautiful 4 bedroom apartment in the heart of the Plateau.
Each room includes double bed, armoire, large study desk, and chair.
Newly renovated kitchen includes gas stove, dishwasher, microwave and large fridge.
Located minutes from Saint Laurent, grocery stores, bus stop, coffee shops and Jeanne-Mance Park.
Ideal for university students, 20 minute walk from McGill.


Part of the charm of beach life at the Zenneth Manor Inn is the fun and relaxed atmosphere we cultivate through mixing unique and vintage pieces. That often involves a bit of DIYing. Here is one of our newest spring projects.
With a little chalk paint we now have a "new" bright and fresh vintage piece.
Chalk paint is all about layers and allowing some of the original patina to show through. Usually the first two coats are relatively unattractive (code for ugly). Experience has taught me not to panic, perserverence and a third coat blends the layers all together.
This was our third coat, which sounds labor intensive, but it's not really. Chalk paint dries quickly. Since blending is part of the whole technique, perfection is not. Even sanding isn't necessary between coats or at the beginning with chalk paint.
Our before: a vintage maple sideboard had good bones in its favor. But the dark stain, was simply too formal and clashed with our oak hardwood floors.
The original federal style drawer pulls also added to the traditional and dated feel. Vintage is good, dated isn't. Adding modern hardware, that matched up with the original drill holes, was a quick and easy update.
One of my best little "helpers"


Even though billions of dollars are spent each year on advertising, any advertiser will tell you that there's not a dollar to waste. Dynata helps you spend your budget more effectively by improving the way you reach your target audiences and measure your advertising impact. With our data, you can make sharper marketing decisions, reduce advertising waste, and achieve stronger performance.


We ask you for personal information so you can receive appropriate care and treatment. This information is recorded on computer and we are registered under the Data Protection Act. The practice will ensure that patient confidentiality is maintained at all times by all members of the practice team. However, for the effective functioning of a multi-disiplinary team it is sometimes necessary that medical information about you is shared between members of the team. Access to confidential patient information is given only to those surgery staff who need it in order to provide a service to the patient. All staff working in the surgery are subject to stringent confidentiality requirements and no information from your record will be released to third parties outside the NHS without your specific consent.
In general you have the right to see your health records though certain legal exclusions may apply. You can ask to see your record and may request a copy of any part subject to a small administrative charge. If you require access to your records please ask to speak to the Practice Manager, Rachel Witcombe in the first instance.
If you have any concerns regarding the confidentiality of your personal medical records, or you would like further information, please do not hesitate to discuss this with your doctor, or the Practice Manager, Rachel Witcombe.


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Musique Fantastique
100 years of Fantasy, Science Fiction, and Horror Film Music
HOME [Musique Fantastique]
Further Examinations: New Interviews & Features
GENRE FILM MUSIC NEWS
NEW GENRE SOUNDTRACKS
Film Music Book Reviews
A CREEPING, CRAWLING NIGHTMARE OF TERROR!
Louis Febre's ALIEN TRESPASS and John Morris' THE ELECTRIC GRANDMOTHER offer 50's sci-fi thrills and sentimentality, respectively, in premiere releases from Dragon's Domain Records
Dragon's Domain Records, distributed through buysoundtrax, presents the original motion picture soundtrack release of ALIEN TRESPASS, featuring music composed by Louis Febre (SWIMFAN, SMALLVILLE, ONCE UPON A TIME) for the 2009 science fiction/horror/comedy film directed by R.W. Goodwin (THE X FILES, THE FUGITIVE, TRU CALLING), starring Erick McCormack, Jenni Baird, Dan Lauria, Robert Patrick, Jody Thompson, Aaron Brooks and Sarah Smyth.
ALIEN TRESPASS is a 2009 science fiction film masquerading as a 1950's science fiction thriller. It's not a spoof, homage, or even parody. It very carefully emulates the style of 1950s science fiction cinema, in all its earnestness, inadvertent silliness, and delightful period performances. The story follows an alien spaceship crash landing in the Mojave Desert, whose pilot is forced to inhabit a human's body in order to track and recapture his escaped prisoner, a voracious one-eyed Ghota which is able to divide into numerous replications that can quickly overrun the planet.
Febre composed an original, very 1950's-esque score, replete with soaring Theremin, and an authentically-symphonic digital orchestra providing succulent string passages, expressive brass gestures, and dramatically rolling percussion.
For details, sample tracks, and to order, see buysoundtrax.
In addition, Dragon's Domain has also included the premiere release of the soundtrack to the TV-movie adaptation of Ray Bradbury's celebrated story "The Electric Grandmother." The music is composed by John Morris (BLAZING SADDLES, YOUNG FRANKENSTEIN, THE ELEPHANT MAN). Broadcast on NBC in 1982, the short science fiction film stars Maureen Stapleton as the kindly robotic granny who uplifts three children after the death of their mother. Edward Herrmann plays the father. Morris' enchanting electronic score is based on two recurring themes: the dominant and quite cheerful "Electric Grandmother" melody for the family as a whole, and the tender, sentimental "Grandmother Lullaby" tune. The complete score is included in the label's reissue of Morris' orchestral music for THE SCARLET LETTER (1979 TV-miniseries), based on the Nathaniel Hawthorne novel.
Both of these new releases have been mastered by James Nelson at Digital Outland and include detailed liner notes written by author Randall Larson. Both are offered in exclusive CD+digital packages, released in limited editions of 500 units, and are expected to begin shipping the week of July 2nd, 2019.
See buysoundtrax-johnmorris.
This website was created partly to promote the book series, Musique Fantastique [Second Edition] 100+ Years of Fantasy, Science Fiction & Horror Film Music by Randall D. Larson, but more importantly is intended to be a resource for news, views, & interviews about music for science fiction, fantasy, and horror films. As an extension of the books, it provides additional material and links to further resources about this unique genre of film and television scoring. For news on the book series, scroll down toward the bottom of the home page.
To contact Randall, email soundtraxrdl@gmail.com
Follow Musique Fantastique on Twitter at:
https://twitter.com/@MusiqueFantast1
Follow Randall on Twitter at:
https://twitter.com/randalldlarson
Frontispiece artwork by Allen Koszowski from Musique Fantastique 1st Edition, Scarecrow Press, 1985.


Housing for disabled people and their families throughout mainland Scotland. Also individually tailored care and support packages. Housing design, adaptations, and access audits.
Non-profit organisation working with people who have impairments to vision and hearing with or without other disabilities.
Provides a range of services to deaf, deafblind and hard of hearing people, their families and carers, mainly in Edinburgh and the Lothians, but also elsewhere in Scotland. Contact details.
National co-ordinating body for voluntary and statutory organisations which cater for Deaf, deafened, deafblind and hard of hearing people, their families and carers, and professionals. Information on activities and events.
Seeks to ensure the provision of education, care, support and opportunities for people of all ages with autism in Scotland. Information about their services, and programmes.
A partnership of 13 organisations offering advice, consultancy and awareness raising. Information on their campaigns, research, membership, publications and contact details.
Supports Camphill Communities and special education in Scotland, where volunteer co-workers live with and care for people with special needs. Includes general information and links to community and school sites.
The Coalition of Carers in Scotland. Includes local groups, young carers' groups, statistics and information for both professional and home carers.
Provides general information about epilepsy, their services and campaigns, and their branch network.
Provides individualised support to people with learning disabilities in a range of home and community settings. Information on the organisation, and its housing and care services.


only 500. The image is 12" by 12" on a 13"
by 19" sheet. Price is $90 plus shipping.
packaging & shipping. All were reproduced from watercolor paintings.
these images are 11 1/2" by 17 1/4". Each is also $90. All are reproduced from watercolors.
More Sedona scenes are on my Sedona Page.


Explore the world's largest children's museum here in Indianapolis! Package includes 4 tickets.
Our comfortable Carmel, Indiana meeting room is the perfect place for small meetings and functions. It is 890 sq. ft. with multiple room setups to accommodate your needs. Our professional staff provides expert planning, attentive service and various off-site catering options. A/V equipment and free WiFi are also available for meetings. Take advantage of our free hot breakfast, free use of our business center with printing services, and access to our fitness center and indoor pool. To check availability for 10 rooms or more, see the information about 'Start Planning Your Event' on the right side of this page.
Indianapolis International Airport45 min./32 mi.


Laundry. Such a dirty word (quite literally!). It never goes away. The mountains make you wonder: is there any hope? I hear ya. The amount of laundry in our lives is basically unfair. But what if I told you that there was a way to do less laundry? Are you on the edge of your seat yet? There really is a simply solution to all of the extra laundry. And it has to do with your towels. I've radically reduced the amount of laundry being done in my home, all thanks to the type of towels I switched over to!
Who hates smelly bath towels?
Smelly bath towels are a big, contributing factor to the extra amount of laundry done in a week. These big, smelly, fluffy things fill up a washing machine multiple times a week. Even if your towels don't get laundered after every use, it's still 'one more thing' you have to launder. BUT – what if your towels didn't stay damp after they were used? What if they no longer hung wet, with bacteria happily populating inside, eager to spread its smells? That would change things for you, wouldn't it?
When I switched to the Norwex Towels, I didn't have to launder my towels as frequently as I used to.
These towels are made from Norwex microfiber. Which means that they dry very quickly – faster than ANY towel you've used before. If your towel isn't staying damp until the next time you used it, it can effectively dry. And a dry towel is not bacteria's happy place. Bacteria loves to hang out and bring its friends along to create a stink party. But thankfully, that is not the case in a towel that dries faster than the average towel!
Woven within the fibers of these towels is the unique BacLock feature that makes Norwex extra special! This is an antibacterial agent (micro silver) that self-cleanses over the next 24 hours of drying. This helps to drastically reduce mould, fungi and bacterial odour. This means that your towels will stay cleaner and fresher, LONGER.
If these towels are staying cleaner and fresher longer, then that means that you don't have to launder them as frequently as other towels. So, in your home, how many loads a week is that? Are you saving yourself one load? Or perhaps even a few?
This applies to all of the Norwex towels. So, it's not just the Bathroom Body Towels that are going to stay clean longer. This includes: Hand Towels, Face Cloths, Kitchen Towels and Cloths and even the Bath Mat!
How Often Should You Launder the Norwex Towels?
Realistically, you can launder your Norwex Body Towels once a week, even if they're used once everyday. And if they're used less frequently than that, you can TOTALLY get away with laundering them even less!
Same deal-io as the Body Towels. You can go a whole week before you'll feel the need to throw them in the wash. I know you don't believe me! Even if these towels are used multiple times a day for drying hands, and even if it's kids drying their hands, you seriously don't need to launder them until they've been hanging on your towel rack for a whole week of use! This also works for any of our Chenille Hand Towels or the Kids 'Pet-To-Dry' Hand Towels.
A face cloth certainly gets much dirtier than a body towel, so you'll launder these more frequently than a body or hand towel. But once again, no need to launder after each use. If you rinse after you use it, and hang to dry, then you can use two to three times before you need to launder.
These are likely used and dirtied more often than the hand towels in your bathrooms, so you might end up washing those twice a week.
We're used to big, fat, fluffy bath towels, but Norwex towels are very different from that, since they are very thin. And one of the beauties of that fact is that they don't take up as much space in the washing machine! So you can put/shove more into your washer, when you're using Norwex towels. That equals less loads of laundry!
If you're getting all excited about the thought of doing less laundry every week, then head over to my shop to start your Norwex Body Towel collection. And girl – these colours are CUTE!
If you are currently drooling, and want all the things – the Body Towel, the Hand Towel, the Face Cloth, and more, then maybe you just really need to join Norwex. I mean, you get to make money selling products you already love, plus you get a sweet 35% discount on all of your towel purchases. What's not to love about that? If you want to know more info about joining Norwex, and putting a Norwex towel in every room of your house at a discount, check out my FAQ page!
Best of luck making your way through your laundry mountains!
Since my bath towels have started to stink more even after a wash, I'm interested in finding new and better towels… but I just love the fluffy kind! Are these towels really soft, or do they feel kind of dense?
They are very soft. Kids and adults both love them.


As TSU celebrates its 85th year of existence in the heart of Houston, the university plans to go all out with their upcoming homecoming concert. Not only have they brought forth legendary soul singer/DJ Eyrkah Badu to perform but also hip-hop's current man of the hour Kendrick Lamar. While Lamar's appearance this upcoming Saturday has nothing to do with his headlining show at Warehouse Live being rescheduled to December, it does give Houston the benefit of catching the good kid in the Purple City twice in two months. Purchase your tickets here.


Being told that your recent routine smear was abnormal can come as quite a shock. A clear explanation about an abnormal smear goes a long way to alleviate the major anxiety that these cause. Colposcopy is the detailed examination of the cervix and serves to reassure the majority of women with an abnormal smear. Anil has successfully undergone the thorough assessed training programme of the British Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology and has been undertaking colposcopy since 1995. Colposcopy is a straightforward, well-tolerated procedure that enables an accurate diagnosis of the underlying problem and subsequent safe effective treatment.


Creator of book 'My Chacha Is Gay' tells American actor he shut down the opportunity for a productive dialogue on radical Islam.
Last fortnight, Gone Girl star Ben Affleck caused a storm when he got into a heated debate with US TV host Bill Maher and American author Sam Harris over their views on Islamic radicalism. Appearing on the show Real Time with Bill Maher, Affleck attacked Harris for suggesting that Islam was a "mother lode of bad ideas" and skewed Maher for maintaining that liberals fail to condemn the lack of personal freedoms, especially for women and LGBT minorities, in the Muslim world.
The actor claimed that Maher and Harris were being racist and were making generalisations about Muslims. "How about more than a billion people who are not fanatical, who don't punish women, who just want to go to school, have some sandwiches," he asked. "It's stereotyping."
The debate, which can be viewed here, was circulated widely on the internet, and earned Affleck a great deal of praise from progressives.
Bill Maher is coming to London; I would love it if the whole of the Hammersmith Apollo was filled with Muslims wearing Ben Affleck T shirts.
However, not everyone agreed with Affleck. In an open letter this week, a Canadian illustrator and blogger of Pakistani origin named Eiynah politely and eloquently explained why she believes the actor is wrong.
I am writing to you today as a woman who was born and raised in Islam. I saw your discussion with Bill Maher and Sam Harris, and I must say you did me a great disservice that day. Your heart was in the right place, of course, and it was lovely of you to step up and defend "my people".
What you really did though, perhaps inadvertently, was silence a conversation that never gets started. Two people attempted to begin a dialogue and you wouldn't even listen. Why should any set of ideas be above criticism, Ben?
Why are Muslims being "preserved" in some time capsule of centuries gone by? Why is it okay that we continue to live in a world where our women are compared to candy waiting to be consumed? Why is it okay for women of the rest of the world to fight for freedom and equality while we are told to cover our shameful bodies? Can't you see that we are being held back from joining this elite club known as the 21st century?
Noble liberals like yourself always stand up for the misrepresented Muslims and stand against the Islamophobes, which is great but who stands in my corner and for the others who feel oppressed by the religion? Every time we raise our voices, one of us is killed or threatened. I am a blogger and illustrator, no threat to anyone, Ben, except for those afraid of words and drawings. I want the freedom to express myself without the very real fear that I might be killed for it. Is that too much to ask?
When I wrote a children's book that carried a message of diversity and inclusivity for everyone, my life changed. My book, My Chacha (uncle) is Gay' has the innocent anti-homophobia message, "Love belongs to everyone." This was not palatable to many of my Muslim brothers and sisters.
Since that project I have been declared an "enemy of God" and deemed worthy of death. All because I want to help create a world where South Asian children too can have their stories told, so they too can know that love comes in all forms, and that that's okay. My Muslim brothers and sisters were hit hard by this work because it addresses the issue of homophobia within our own community. It is not something they can pass off as "Western" immorality. Just like they deny that any issues exist within the doctrine of Islam, many deny that homosexuality exists amongst good, "moral" Muslims. Just like that, millions of people's existence is denied. Please do not defend people who think this way, and let me tell you Ben, many "good" Muslims do think this way.
What you did by screaming "racist!" was shut down a conversation that many of us have been waiting to have. You helped those who wish to deny there are issues, deny them. You became an instant hero, a defender of Islam. It's kind, it really is. I understand because I too am plagued and affected by the issues brought about by actual Islamophobia. I have a Muslim name and brown skin, my peaceful relatives have been pushed in the subway and called "terrorist" for no reason.
We must distinguish critiquing an ideology from being hateful towards a group of people. And for this reason I think that tackling the issues within Islam should be two-pronged. They must be brought up, but simultaneously we should stress that blame for these issues cannot be placed on individuals.
In the interest of being politically correct and "liberal", we silence the voices of millions. I am turning to you because you were instrumental in starting this conversation. Those of us who want reform are muted by extremists, as well as the liberals who betray us in the name of multiculturalism.
ISIS paints a horrific picture, so I understand the knee-jerk reaction to deny any link. Most Muslims choose to interpret scripture in a peaceful way, but that doesn't mean the raw material isn't there for those who choose the path of violence. That material must be addressed.
Can we talk about the blatant double standards and violation of human rights, for a second? Mosques are built throughout western countries, usually without much issue. But in the hub of Islam, the heart of Islam, Saudi Arabia, no one but Muslims are allowed to officially practice their faith. There are no churches, temples or synagogues because Saudi Arabia will not permit any non-Muslim place of worship to exist. Who will hold them accountable for such injustice if we hush everyone who speaks out against Islam?
What is so wrong with wanting to step into the current century? There should be no shame. There is no denying that violence, misogyny and homophobia exist in all religious texts, but Islam is the only religion that is adhered to so literally, to this day.
In your culture you have the luxury of calling such literalists "crazies", like the Westboro Baptist Church, for example. In my culture, such values are upheld by more people than we realise. Many will try to deny it, but please hear me when I say that these are not fringe values. It is apparent in the lacking numbers of Muslims willing to speak out against the archaic Shariah law. The punishment for blasphemy and apostasy, etc, are tools of oppression. Why are they not addressed even by the peaceful folk who "aren't fanatical, who just want to have some sandwiches and pray five times a day? Where are the Muslim protestors against blasphemy laws/apostasy? Where are the Muslims who take a stand against harsh interpretation of Shariah? These sandwich-eating peaceful folk do not defend those suffering in the name of Islam, Ben, and therein lies our problem.
Maybe the points Maher and Harris were trying to make are more easily digested when coming from within the community, I can appreciate that. That is why I am writing to you, as someone who has personally been hurt by the lack of acknowledgement of these issues.
If Muslims do not critique their own atrocities, then people on the outside will and their message will not be listened to simply because of who they are. It's a vicious cycle, one that can only break if indeed, like Harris said, true reformers are empowered.
I ask you and anyone reading this to make an effort to seek out reformers from within our community, and support them in any way you can.
If I were allowed to meet a man that is not my father, brother or husband unchaperoned, I would have loved to discuss this over drinks (which I am also not allowed to have) with you. So, you see, things must change.
Eiynah's blog, Nice Mangos, can be viewed here. Her Twitter handle is @nicemangos.


Olive Glenn is a great course that I was pleasantly surprised to find was worth the money.
On the front 9 you start out playing with houses on both sides of the fairway for holes 1, 2, and then again some houses on 8 & 9, but just on one side of the fairway. The homes don't really come into play unless it's a really bad shot. The course then plays very open with minimal trouble off the fairways but you do come across the occasional water hazard or stream cutting through the course.
The back 9 continues to play open with the exception of a few holes with homes just on one side of the fairway. It feels like the course really stretches out as you start to feel like you are off in nature.
The course was in absolutely perfect conditions. From tee to green the course seems very healthy and looks great for the end of August. The greens were lightning fast even while they were very soft. My round became lost when my come back putts were anywhere up to 10 ft.
The tee box sign holes were large and very descriptive - a nice touch. They could use some above ground fairway yardage markers if I had to suggest anything.
The fairways are very generous and the greens are very receptive. Most of them are medium - large in size and do have slope in them. Almost every green is fronted by a sand bunker on each side the green making accuracy and distance even more important. Make sure to play Olive Glenn and enjoy what nature has to offer.


Towards the end of 2017 the Contract and Commercial Law Act 2017 came into force. The Act consolidates a number of commercial and business related statutes such as the Sale of Goods Act, Contracts (Privity) Act and Carriage of Goods Act. It applies to all commercial contracts entered into since 1 September 2017.


Early farming culture, sometimes called 'the cultures of painted pottery', took shape in an almost uninterrupted belt from Southern Asia to the Mediterranean and the Balkans. The Hermitage has many finds excavated in Moldova and Ukraine (the Tripoli and Gumelnitsa cultures), and Southern Turkmenia.
These areas produced similar stone and copper everyday and ritual objects, and were particularly rich in anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines, but the types of vessels and styles of representation of people and animals differ.
In the Turkmenian finds we can trace the transition from simple monochrome linear painting to polychrome and monochrome geometric patterns and representation of people and animals. Images of animals gradually evolved from simple forms, sometimes difficult to distinguish, to realistic figurines of bulls, goats and sheep. Most of the female figurines show seated women; originally they were very stylized and their sexual attributes were emphasized, paint being used to depict jewellery and solar signs on their hips. The style of such female figurines changed in the late Eneolithic period: they still depicted seated women, but with square shoulders and arms conveyed merely as bulging lines, while more complex hair styles appeared and pellets of clay were added to form shoulders and breasts. Male figurines were now also made.
In the late 3rd and early 2nd millenium BC the culture of the early farmers developed into a form of early civilization, with individually modelled vessels replaced by thrown pottery, and bronze objects becoming widespread.
The Tripoli and Gumelnitsa cultures enable us to study the development of the appropriate tribes from the early Eneolithic period to the early Bronze age. These collections consist of various vessels richly decorated with painted, pressed and embossed patterns, as well as numerous tools and ritual objects, many objects revealing links with the Near East, the Balkans and Central Europe.


Many are wondering what is in store for education as our new President takes office. While the debate may be about how to improve education, the real focus will be on who gets the funding.
While there is a national concern about educational outcomes, many still question the cost and value of these programs. Brain science research shows that early experiences affect the development of brain architecture, which provides the foundation for all future learning, behavior and health.
But the question posed by Representative Cathy Connolly of Wyoming (D) is how to keep early childhood educational programs in the forefront when they aren't legislative priorities and aren't constituent priorities except for a narrow group.
Careful What You Wish For: School Choice, Vouchers and Tax Credits — There is little question that our new President supports privately run, publically funded charter schools. School choice can help students trapped in a bad school.
New competition can be healthy and help improve all of our schools — public and charter alike. The concern is discerning and funding "good" charter schools. From a personal perspective, I have had the opportunity to visit some great charter schools, along with some that are really frightening.
Key to any good school, public or charter, are expectations (academic and conduct) that are clearly defined and measurable; a commitment by students, faculty and parents; environments and curriculum that prepare students for life in the real world.
Unfortunately, I have seen some of the privately run charters that were much better at marketing and profit margins than they were at educating students. Overcrowded classrooms, non-existent technology and teaching to the test were the norm. While the test scores may have looked good, the students were not being prepared for what comes next.
There is no question that this is the start of an interesting year!


An organization does not need to be a cable news network, a Hollywood production company, a casino mogul, a judge or a politician, to feel the impact of the recent wave of sexual misconduct scandals. Employers, Human Resources professionals, and in-house counsel must be proactive in creating a harassment-free workplace and, in turn, creating a more harmonious and productive work environment. Organizations must be knowledgeable and strategic regarding how to prevent and react when claims are made and actions to take before issues arise.
Presented by the Jersey Shore Association of Human Resources (https://jsahr.shrm.org/), please join our distinguished panel comprised of an attorney who represents management in employment matters, an experienced mediator who regularly mediates employment disputes, and an insurance underwriting professional in the area of management liability insurance, all of whom will provide strategies to properly assess risk and proactive approaches to confront such risks in order to minimize the possibility of potential claims. We hope you will take this opportunity to participate in a conversation that matters, hear unique and diverse perspectives from leaders in the field, and engage our panelists in questions that concern your business.
Please note: This program is pending approval for 1.25 HRCI recertification credits & 1.25 SHRM recertification credits.
To register and pay by credit card, please see below. To register and pay by check, please send an email to Admin [at] JSAHR [dot] org?subject=Panel%20Discussion%20-%20May%2023rd&body=I%20would%20like%20to%20attend%20the%20panel%20discussion%20on%20May%2023rd.%20%20My%20name%20is" rel="nofollow">Admin [at] JSAHR [dot] org.


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The 'Days of Awe 'not only announced Hurricane Florence for the United States but it also gives witness to Typhoon Mangkhut hitting northern Philippines killing 36 plus before turning it's vengeance on China with 100 mph winds.
September 10 to 19, 2018.
Hurricane Florence arrives during 'The Days of Awe.' Her winds were noticed at the Sabbath Torah reading "When you come in' known as Ki Tavo. Deuteronomy 26:1-29:8; Isaiah 60:1-22 and Matthew 4:13-24 could be read to understand God's message.
Florence was sounding her trumpet at The Feast of Trumpets also known as Rosh Hoshanna, Israel's New Year. She was making her way as we did not know her day or hour of arrival….but still warning has been given. Today's technology sees in the skies what God sees. There is no reason why people should be deceived about anything in our world….as knowledge has increased and we inform each other to prevent disasters.
If we can understand physical things, why do men not understand Spiritual things?
Tishrei 1 – 10 are known as 'Days of Awe.' Tishrei 10 is The Fast, Yom Kippur. It is a day commanded by our Creator to Fast and repent…as you need His atoning son's blood on you or you will be judged accordingly the next year.
God's hand of strength stands before us as FLORENCE moves to petrify those in her path….and she will stall to make a bigger impact that has not happened in years. And, we must remember The Long Island Express…coming up the east coast in 1938 or 1939 that couldn't make up it's mind to land or not. It was when the world decided to let HITLER have POLAND that she HIT America and also damaged Canada.
Let us not forget the lesson that our world is designed and held together by A Creator that speaks through His creation…the winds, water, eclipses, fire and storms. God is a spirit and speaks. And, if governments ordained by God are saying people should flee…then they should flee. It shows respect instead of laughing in His face….I will make it…I can be here for others….when actually it will take those 'TRAINED in emergency' to now risk their lives for them. Flee catastrophic times and learn a lesson of who gave us everything in the first place. God gave it and He will strike when we dishonor what He established on the earth.
What did God establish? He established President Trump!
There has never been a more intense time on our earth that a president has been more tormented by so many than now. Virginia…the home of the first pioneers and government leaders who were Christians is going to be struck down.
Does the world know what today is? It is not only one of the last days to flee from Hurricane Florence, but it is the 'Fast of Gedalia.' The Jews established this fast because they killed him thinking it just could not be that this man was to rule Jerusalem while they were in exile for 70 years. The Jewish leaders had agreed NOT to kill him….but it just took a small band of people to retaliate the majority rule…and they killed Governor Gedalia. The Jews have given honor to this sin since 587 BCE when they were carried off to Babylon. It has set a precedent in our world to NOT kill leaders. Once they are voted in by the people they should remain their entire term. It can only be God who removes them and he might use other leaders in agreement to enforce their removal.
The sins of one passes unto the whole nation and so we still see today this fast being observed. All heads of government are established by The Creator. It is the heart of the people that choose their candidates. A man like Trump was a shock to the nation….again showing the 'hand of God' in establishing him. The hearts of the righteous outweighed those of the wicked in 2016. God knew who was to bring about Jerusalem that will be known as The Capitol of the world and from where The Messiach Yeshua is to reign.
On September 11, 2018 President Trump and his wife Melanie participated in the PA Memorial giving tribute to those that died. I saw a picture of the monument that was two towers with a space for each of those killed on that flight. It was nice. Leaving there President Trump lifts his two arms up in agreement with those towers that also gave honor to The Twin Towers as well. Two arms…two towers.
President Trump said he is going to be a more righteous president in the future. Moses also knew his righteousness as a leader would fail. In fact, he wasn't allowed to cross over…and Joshua did in his place.
Moses lifted both of his arms up as the people crossed the Reed Sea coming out of Egypt. Joshua was instructed to have two pillars of twelve stone (24 total) each put at each end of The Yarden (Jordan) which caused the waters to miraculously dam up so the people could cross. Because our Bible lesson had just covered these stones, I looked at President Trump's gesture as Moses having his arms up proving God was real in their lives. Then I saw the two pillars of the PA Memorial…. Then it really made sense of why President Trump raised his arms….agreeing with the twin pillar monument.
Why do we allow anyone to write an article and publish it striking down our President for not being sensitive to that day. The article went on and on and on how President Trump was terrible in lifting up his arms….he just is NOT a sensitive person they said.
I'm really tired of those that discredit and make any thing our President does as being wrong. Evil comments in all of our media should stop. Impeachment from day One has been the mantra.
R.E.S.P.E.C.T. Arthea wanted it and got it….so why not for Trump?
STOP STOP STOP……………. The buck stops with God!
Today concerned citizens showed their disgust at San Francisco having two buses allowing Anti-Semitic ads to run in their electric billboards. Antisemitism is running very high in America and in the world right now. It is part of the agenda to get rid of Israel. The ads continue because of America's right of free speech. And yet those who speak righteously have their sites removed from yahoo, google and Facebook, etc. Where is free speech?
Intentional hurt can NOT be part of free speech when people make pictures of our President with his head removed from his body. These people are promoting ill intent and should be jailed.
Did you know that God has no recompense for 'intentional' sin? The 'city of refuge' was for 'unintentional' sin. It was in case you killed someone by accident such as the head of your axe came off and it struck them dead. You could flee to a city close by to plea your case.
By NOT having a city for 'INTENTIONAL' sin….it stopped 'INTENTIONAL' sin.
AMERICA'S next biggest distraction is happening right now……….and perhaps it will cost lives, destruction of God's creation and man's financial wealth….all because of man's self-will. Man does NOT get to say and do ……I WILL KILL…I WILL COMMIT ADULTERY…ETC. He who does these things intentionally will lose his eternal soul……….there is no place for such in The Kingdom of God. What words do we NOT understand?
Men are about to die…for their 'intentional sin' against God and the total disrespect for those He set in power to rule.
FLORENCE will now strike 1.5 million people who are told to flee. The east coast is under attack and becomes another disaster area. America does NOT stop it's Anti-Semitism, Abortions and becomes a snake pit with vipers continually striking her freedom.
It is 'the deceiver' that manipulates humans to intentionally start black versus white arguments. I love all humans as they are created in God's image having a spirit. But I detest the fights that are rigged and draw people into their agenda of fighting that one human is better than the other. It is another Holocaust of a different type. People let others and the 'foreigner' among them pick the battle in which they could die. Hatred among it's people can NOT bring God's peace.
The foreigner came out of Egypt with the Israelites….and they brought their 'fake' gods with them. The 'gods' had to be removed before they could cross over. Foreigners today infect America and the world….Buddha..a lucky fish with a ball in it's mouth, Astarte Starbucks as you walk under her threshold attaches you to her. The Olympics honor Zeus and the goddess Diana…..and infect our homes with other foreign countries gods becoming known to us through our televisions.
FLORENCE is overdue…………..RUN RUN flee for the hills and pray you are NOT pregnant….hmm…. Abortion is NOT an option….man is never to remove God's image from the earth.