text:
faqs.org » Health » Richard J. Roberts to Howard Martin Temin
Albert Bruce Sabin Biography (1906-1993)
virologist
Albert Sabin was born on August 26, 1906 in Bialystock, Poland (then Russia)and immigrated with his family to the United States in 1921. He attended NewYork University, received his medical degree in 1931, and began research on the virus that causes poliomyelitis or polio. Known at the time as infantile paralysis, it was a source of much fear because of its ability to cause paralysis and death, especially in infants and young children. By 1936, Sabin and his colleagues were able, for the first time, to grow the polio virus in humantissue cultures outside the body. In 1941, Sabin established that the humanpolio virus enters the body via the digestive tract and not the nose as was then thought. World War II interrupted his polio research and, while in the army, he studied several diseases affecting American troops such as sandfly fever, dengue fever, toxoplasmosis, and encephalitis lethargica. After the war,Sabin continued to engage in polio research.
By 1954, Sabin had developed a vaccine that gave protection against polio using a live virus rather than the killed virus used by Dr. Jonas Salk. Sabin believed that an attenuated (weakened and harmless) live virus would provide more rapid and longer-lasting protection than the Salk method. With some professional rivalry developing between Salk and Sabin, the latter persisted in bringing his vaccine to completion, and it became available to the public in 1961 following four years of worldwide tests. The Sabin vaccine has two advantages over the Salk vaccine: it can be administered orally rather than by injection, and offers protection with a single dose. Today, except for a few special cases, it is the preferred polio vaccine worldwide. The development of theSabin vaccine was the result of 20 years of research on the nature, transmission, and epidemiology of three related virus types. Throughout his professional career, Sabin was known for his tireless and brilliant research. In his later years, Sabin's interests led him to research the possible connection between viruses and human cancer. Albert Sabin died March 3, 1993 at the age of 86.
The Content is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of Content found on the Website.
Copyright © 2022 Advameg, Inc.


text:
Real Love, Mindfulness and Loving Kindness with Sharon Salzberg
For our 34th episode, I sat down with Sharon Salzberg. Sharon is a world renowned meditation teacher. We've never met in person but I follow her work. I listen to her podcast, The Metta Hour and I've been reading her book Real Love, The Art of Mindful Connection. Although the book has been out for a while now, love has always been a difficult concept for me to fully grasp and this book was full of ah-ha moments, of explanations and ways of putting things I could really relate to. It gave me hope and tools for the future, so I thought it would be a great subject for us to tackle today.
5 BIGGEST TAKEAWAYS OF THIS EPISODE
1. Love is not a feeling it's an ability we all have to connect deeply to ourselves and others. The love you experience is in your own hands, it's inside you, it's yours to tend.
2. Loving kindness is the antidote to fear and mindfulness gives us the ability to understand our emotions and the space to experience and move through them.
3. It's correct to want to be happy. Everybody wants to be happy. Don't be ashamed of that quest. Our beliefs, our conditioning and our habits either enhance or hinder our ability to be happy.
4. The ability to see and the willingness to be seen is the key to having loving relationships with others.
5. You cannot fail at meditation. Your goal is not to make your mind blank or keep certain experiences from happening, our goal is to change the relationship we have to each of these experiences. Meditation is a resilience training. We learn to constantly begin again.
QUESTIONS SHE ANSWERED DURING THE EPISODE :
Can you tell us a bit about yourself and your journey to meditation?
What is Loving Kindness vs Mindfulness and why you chose to focus your teachings on these practices instead of any other types of meditations?
Why did you choose to write a book about love.
How did these practices change your life?
What are the mistakes we do that keep us from genuine happiness? How do we avoid them? How can we use mindfulness as a tool to move towards it?
Why is it so hard to love ourselves?
How does self-love or a lack of affect how we show up in the world and how we enter in relationships?
What's the importance to understand our inter-connectivity with the world around us?
In the book you talk about the concept of you-me-and the space in between. What's in that space? Why should we care about it?
How do assumptions tint our capacity to be open, to listen and be in relationship with others?
How can we cultivate a Love that is more an unconditional, sustainable ability, rather than a fleeting feeling.
What's your hope for the future of meditation in this country?
What do you say to people that say they can't meditate?
SUBSCRIBE, RATE & REVIEW!
GIVEAWAY WINNER. DO YOU WANT $75 OF SHOPPING?
DONATE OR BECOME AN EXCLUSIVE MEMBER TODAY.
Thank you so much for listening and being part of our 34th episode! We have other great guests lined up for you so make sure to subscribe to the podcast where ever you listen to not miss an episode or get on my mailing list!
As always, I really appreciate your support. So as you leave a review on iTunes or on your iPhone podcast app, you automatically enter a giveaway. Athleta is generously continuing to support this podcast in their effort to ignite a community of strong women who lift each other up, and is giving out a 75$ shop card! If you're not sure how to leave a review, check this article. Thank you so much if you left a review. The winner of this episode's giveaway is iTunes user AJ_34. Congrats! Email me at erika.belanger@gmail.com or DM me on instagram @erika.belanger and I'll send you your shop card!
Other very exciting news, I'm adding another way for you to support this Podcast. I am now part of Patreon. Patreon is a platform where you can donate to support this podcast or you can become a monthly member. Donators will get shout outs on the episode and as monthly members you will receive exclusive content : mini-shows, guided meditation, guided flows and so much more. Our first exclusive episode will be about me! Thank you if you send me questions! Your support means a lot and will help me continue to offer quality content here for free! Check out my Patreon page here, see my intro video, donate or become a monthly member. Right now, you have an intro video to listen to, and the August exclusive content is out! You can make a one time donation or become a member at 5$ tier to listen to that episode about me, just like our new patreons members this week ; Thank you Bethany Miller and Barbara Peleg for your support! Hope you enjoy your exclusive episode. I am so grateful for you.
ABOUT OUR GUEST OF TODAY
Sharon Salzberg is a pioneer in the field of meditation, a world-renowned teacher and New York Times bestselling author. She has played a pivotal role bringing meditation and mindfulness into mainstream American culture since 1974. Sharon is co-founder of The Insight Meditation Society, in Barre, MA and has authored 10 books, including the New York Times bestseller, Real Happiness, her seminal work, Lovingkindness and her 2017 release, Real Love: The Art of Mindful Connection.
Acclaimed for her down-to-earth and relatable teaching style, Sharon offers a secular, modern approach to Buddhist teachings, making them instantly accessible. Her writing can be found on Medium, On Being, the Maria Shriver blog, and Huffington Post. Sharon is also the host of her own podcast, The Metta Hour, with 100+ episodes featuring interviews with the top leaders and voices in the meditation and mindfulness movement.
Learn more at www.sharonsalzberg.com
Read her writings : on Medium
Listen to her podcast : Metta Hour Podcast
Follow her on :
Facebook: @SharonSalzberg
Instagram: @sharonsalzberg
Twitter: @sharonsalzberg
Linkedin: @sharonsalzberg
** Edited and mastered by Alexandre Saba

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The BBC has today unveiled a new experimental virtual reality news broadcast they have created which uses the awesome Oculus Rift headset, that was recently purchased by Facebook for a cool $2 billion.
The BBC experiment uses a 360 degree camera set up, that was used to film the BBC newsroom, live editing gallery and Fiona Bruce in the studio all at once.
"Imagine if you could watch a nature documentary and feel as if you could reach out and touch the animals, or feel as if you were on stage with a band during a music festival or on the pitch during a football match.
If you are one of the lucky ones and already own an Oculus Rift developer kit, you can download the experience yourself on MAC or PC. For more information on the new BBC virtual reality experiment jump over to the BBC Blog website for details.


DAV and RecruitMilitary are providing San Diego-area veterans and military spouses the opportunity to explore new career opportunities at the San Diego Veterans Job Fair Thursday, February 28 from 11:00am-3:00pm at the Scottish Rite Event Center, 1895 Camino Del Rio South in San Diego.
This job fair is for veterans, transitioning military personnel, National Guard members, Reserve members and military spouses. It will feature at least 50 exhibitors looking to fill more than 100 job openings.
Click here for more info, including a list of employers attending, or to register.


text:
The Home Shop Machinist & Machinist's Workshop Magazine's BBS > General > Some local 15 minutes of fame and recognition
View Full Version : Some local 15 minutes of fame and recognition
We're waaaayyyy out in the dingles, here, but we have some serious talent. Salem Straub is a knife maker, blacksmith, and a drummer for an awesome band (Happy Dawg). He was recently featured on a history channel tv show.
http://www.omakchronicle.com/news/2016/feb/18/tonasket-man-featured-history-channel/
He's the drummer in these videos I did last year.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpD-_WPQ1fE
Gary Eagle and Evan Scott are also blacksmiths. Gary is playing harmonica and that's his shop.
This next vid is the reason I was there filming - It's an art film featuring a power hammer metronome.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmhChMApx-g
Charlie Peck on bass, and Miguel on djembe drum.
That was pretty cool-
danlb
We just watched last week's episode. We enjoy the show. Even so, I'm often amazed at how little the bladesmiths know about the scientific aspects of their craft.
In the episode we watched today, the smiths had to make a knife from metal chosen from a scrap bin. All of them fussed about the fact that the metal was of unknown alloy and therefore the heat treat was a crap shoot. As a matter of fact, one of them chose a low carbon steel that did not harden. That untempered blade got him thrown out.
Even though the choice of metal was critical, not one of them brought the scrap to the grinder to do a spark test. No one used a file to check if the scrap was already hardened. Several of them even professed a lack of knowledge of metals. I found myself thinking that they should at least know the basics.
The show is really fun. I learn a lot about the craft with every show. The people are usually entertaining without being over the top. And, of course, there is the catch phrase as they test the knives: "It will kill!"
Rosco-P
Forged in Fire, I know the guy that lights the show. It's mostly shot in a make believe workshop in Brooklyn. Lots of knife-maker challenges are shot but the footage never airs because everyone's blade fails.
If you were a very successful knife-maker, would you shut down your business and travel to NYC for many many weeks to participate and maybe win? Like any reality show the contestants consist of some very good, some good, some barely mediocre and those chosen to fail early on.
I like hands on "reality shows" that teach you something. It sounds like they have an opportunity to use a few of those failed challenges to teach us what should have been done. It need not be overtly pedantic. They could wait till the first round (making a basic knife blank) is over to spend 5 minutes going over what was done wrong. Maybe even explain a little about the heat treat that went wrong, or the corrective measures that should have been taken. Then repeat on the next section, where they add handles and fine tune the weapons. Talk about what SHOULD have been done by the ones that fail.
I really like to see others build things. I'd prefer to see more "how it's made" and less "who's the idiot". :)
If you were a very successful knife-maker, would you shut down your business and travel to NYC for many many weeks to participate and maybe win?
I know a few people who would gladly take a week off work for a chance to be on national TV for an hour. For some people, that's a dream come true.
A week? just the field trials episode is a 2 to three day shoot. If your business is doing so well that you can step away from it for several weeks, then you probably don't need the additional notoriety.
A week off for $1000,000 in international publicity is a good trade-off. The average wage in this burg is $30,000, so it's not a big outlay. It's not like everyone has to shut down production lines and idle a workforce to participate. It can be far more rewarding than showing up at a local farmer's market/trade show/art fair which is pretty much the only other option.
Mike Amick
Wow dp .. I hope you are the one making the check out ... very generous.
I wonder where someone got the name "blade smith," It is my understanding that the term "blacksmith" was the overarching name given to all those people who worked hot iron and its alloys. These people were very skilled, as the apprenticeship was very long, and, I believe that it was followed by a period of several years of travel, working for/with different experienced smiths, before one could call himself a real blacksmith. It was during that interval that some smiths specialized. Most, I understand, hung their "shingle" in one town or other, either as the first blacksmith in the area, or replacing/augmenting an existing smith. Those that specialized, worked with knife makers, scissor makers, armorers, or other specialized iron working industries, usually in large towns and cities. Those blacksmiths who made edged tools of whatever type, were called "cutlers" not "blade smiths;" that is really a modern invention I think.
Every small town in North America had a blacksmith who could turn his hand to fixing just about anything; additionally, he usually shod horses,mules and oxen. When the draft animal population warranted it, someone appeared and hung out a shingle that said "farrier." He too was a blacksmith, not a "shoe smith!":)
The prize is $10,000USD and for the winner and runner up, it consumes much much more than a week of the contestants time. The first smith eliminated may only have lost a week of productive time at his own forge. I can find out more of the facts this week if there is any interest.
Ooops - that should have been $100,000 :)
I've very happy to report my friend Salem Straub won the bladesmith competition with awesome and artful blades. Makes ya proud to be Okanogan!
I'm looking forward to seeing the episode. :)
We watched that episode last night. The winner really earned the prize.
One of the things I really like about the show is that it's not about idiots and people with bad tempers. There is a good deal of respect shown throughout the show. For those who were not tempted to watch it, I'll give a quick synopsis. I will not give details that might spoil the show for you.
First, the 4 experienced knife makers were given 3 hours to transform a chunk of steel cable into a viable large knife blade. The blades were then evaluated by experts who critique the design, execution and flaws. One person is sent home at this point.
Each contestant had the same tools and materials available. They are told in advance about the techniques that will be used to evaluate the best blade. In this case, the knife was first used to split a log, and then used to slice a dangling pork shoulder.
The second part has the remaining 3 knife makers finishing their knife by adding a handle, fine tuning the blade profile and addressing any problems from part 1. Again, they have 3 hours to get it right. Then the blades are tested.
The top two (based on the splitting and slicing) are then given a totally different task. It's usually a knife, sword or ax from ancient times. It's almost always a killing weapon. In this case it was a sword with a complex shape called a Khopesh. The contestants make the knife in their own shop using their own tools and materials. They are given many days to complete the project.
Once the project is complete, they go back to the studio where the judges evaluate the designs and test them. The test often involves the phrase "This will kill" and a gleeful smile.
All the episodes are available online. I highly recommend it.
I had recently given Salem a plasma cutter - I wonder if he used it to cut the Khopesh sword. He did a hell of a nice job on that in just 5 days. Video can be seen here: http://www.history.com/shows/forged-in-fire
Please pass on congratulations and admiration from my wife and I. The only part that bothered me was that unbound pony tail while he was using the belt grinder. < shiver > We noted that in his own shop, he had the hair nicely restrained, so I suspect that was "for TV".
Jimmer12
Tell your friend congratulations! I just discovered this show by watching a few episodes from season 1 online, and have been recording the season 2 epsiodes. I watched his episode last night and I felt he absolutely earned his victory.
As someone else had mentioned, I like how the contestants and judges all seemed to show a genuine respect for everyone else. You don't see that on TV much these days.
dave_r
It really depends on who is producing the show. If they don't think the subject matter is compelling enough for a 'reality' show, they will effectively order/select participants who will show this lack of respect. And then also edit the show to make it even more rude than it was while filming it.


No, it's not a Porsche, but in a way it does fit in.
The year was early 1929, not a good year for a new car introduction. There it sat on a Manhattan street, a strikingly good-looking and very new design. It was very low, lower than anything on the market! What was it? As curious onlookers gathered round they looked in vain for a name. Nothing on the hubcaps, nothing on the back, but there on the radiator was a badge, oh, what was it? On close examination all that was revealed was a question mark!
The design used a worm gear drive. This allowed a saving of 12" in overall length of the car.
Low and reverse gears were put in front of the differential and second and third were put in back.
Lower than anything produced at that time.
63" tall, a good 10" lower than anything on the market., accomplished by the use of front wheel drive and a new design frame and body mounting.
Yet the ground clearance was 10," equal to or surpassing any of the conventional cars of the day.
The Woodlite headlight was an unconventional design that used mirrors internally to focus a very narrow beam on the road.
Unfortunately, they gave very little or no light on the entire road. They were very bright, in fact some states banned them for allegedly blinding on-coming drivers.
But, they were unique, and with matching parking lights.
To further dramatize the low height they utilized the custom color design of New York stage and interior designer, Joseph Urban. His design called for eight horizontal bands of color, graduating from very light at the top to very dark at the bottom of the car.
The colors that were to be available were, blue, green, gray and maroon.
In addition the fenders were to be trimmed in the lightest color. As well as the same color trim in the middle of the fenders.
Battery under the hood. Most cars had the battery under the floorboards, making access difficult.
The car was met with overwhelming public acclaim, and when engineer Willam Muller drove the car over 12,000 miles and then to a meeting of the Society of Automotive engineers, it was met with praise and admiration.
It all started with Willam Muller. Born in Brooklyn and educated at Brooklyn Polytechnic, he garnered a wealth of engineering experience over a decade of work as a racing mechanic. He joined the Edward Budd manufacturing company of Philadelphia in 1920 as an experimental engineer. In the course of this work he proposed building a car of his design. It was approved and after some delays it was finished in 1928. The car had a question mark on the radiator.
Now enter Archie Andrews a wealthy financier and promoter. He was a board member of various large corporations, Pictograph, Hupp and Budd. Highly enthusiastic over Muller's design, he persuaded Muller to leave Budd and somehow, stole the car design and car away from Budd. He anticipated having Hupp produce the car. However, Hupp had other plans, they had record demand for Hupp automobiles and in addition they had recently purchased the Chandler-Cleveland Automobile company and were in no mood to take on another car production. Now what?
Andrews decided to form his own company. In April 1929, he announced New Era Motors Inc. They opened offices at 17 East 45th street in New York City. Corporate officers were announced. Archie Andrews, President, William Muller, Vice President. A distinguished board of directors. Fred Gardner of Gardner Motor Company Inc. St. Louis, Metallurgist C. Harold Willis of Ford and Willis St. Clair, and a stock broker by the name of William V. C. Ruxton, who was a member of the governing committee of the New York Stock Exchange.
The name for the new car was to be Ruxton. This was perhaps in hope that Ruxton would bring further investors from his associates at the stock exchange. It did not happen! In fact Ruxton sued over a question of a $50,000 stock subscription, and he denied any connection with the company. But somehow, the name Ruxton stayed on the car. The company was not off to a propitious start!
But the company did have offices, and a board of directors. Of course there was still the matter of who would manufacture the car. Rumors of who, were rampant. Peerless in Cleveland was approached, "Well they might." Hupmobile in Detroit said that they would not! Gardner in St. Louis was approached and finally, success. The details were to be worked out.
Gardner had been producing Chevrolet under contract, with Willam Crapo, but when the company was sold to General Motors, production was discontinued, they now had capacity. It seemed that the problem was solved. Now the emphasis was to sign up dealers and distributors, and most important, attracting favorable publicity. The car was shown at the Grand Central Palace in New York in October to favorable comments. A special sedan was show to various dealer prospects around the country. At the Chicago Auto Show the car garnered extremely favorable reviews.
Then, a major problem, Gardner and Andrews could not agree on the terms of the agreement to manufacture the car! It seemed that Gardner had decided to produce their own front wheel drive car. Now what? Andrews approached Marmon. The car was shown to them, and they appeared quite interested. The chief engineer at Marmon sent a telegram to Muller stating "the car was practical, ingenious, and had great commercial possibilities." But it was now November 1929, the stock market had crashed. and only a few sample cars existed. Marmon decided that now was not the time to take on a new car project.
Once again the question was who would manufacture the car? And again there was an answer – Moon. Moon Motor car company was based in St. Louis and similar to Gardner was an old and small company. They had never grown very large. Peak production was in 1925, 13,000 Moon and Diana cars. After that it was a down hill slide with a number of different nameplates. The Diana was discontinued in 1927. Next was the Aerotype, then the Windsor White Prince, and finally the Moon was discontinued in favor of the Windsor. It was thought that the Moon had lost appeal. The Ruxton was thought to be the answer to their problems.
In late November it was official; Moon would take over Ruxton production. Distribution would be through Moon dealers. It seemed that finally things were working out. However behind the scene things were anything but calm. Rumors were spreading. In March 1930, the stories going round were that New Era was about to merge with Moon, Gardner, Kissel, Jordan, and Stutz. This was news to Stutz; they denied everything. Jordan admitted that there had been talk, but nothing more. At Gardner, it depended on to who you talked; some were saying yes, a merger was imminent; others said it would never happen.
Then in April it all came to a head. First there would be a merger of Gardner and Moon. A good plan, the companies would combine their sales and engineering departments. It sounded good on paper. And that is where it remained. The reason for the merger was to prevent Andrews and New Era from taking over Moon. However, Andrews was way ahead of them. Moon had traded new issues of their shares of the company in exchange for Ruxton rights and patents. Of 350,000 shares of stock, New Era now held 240,000. When Andrews demanded a seat on the board, Moon officials refused. Andrews simply held a board meeting of his own and increased the number of board members from seven to fifteen, all Andrews men of course. Less than a week later all of the Moon officers found themselves out of a job. At Andrews insistence Muller became president of the Moon company. But the Moon officers were not done with the fight. New Era had taken over the company, but they were not going to get the factory. The Moon people hired armed guards and barricaded themselves in the factory. Andrews armed with a court order simply broke in and took over. New Era was now firmly in control.
Meanwhile, Andrews had been busy. He had approached the Kissel Motor car company in Hartford, Wisconsin. Kissel was another old and small company that was finding it hard going against the mass production of the 1930s. However, they had an excellent plant and facilities. Much better than Moon. In fact when Muller gained access to the Moon plant he had been astounded at the poor equipment. Andrews and George Kissel worked out an agreement. Kissel would receive $250,000. in new financing, $100,000. available immediately. In return Kissel would agree to produce 1500 Ruxtons per year, provided that the market would absorb that many. Meanwhile, Kissel would continue producing their existing line of cars. Should Kissel not live up to the bargain, control of the company would go to Andrews in return for New Era stock.
In June 1930, the first Ruxtons rolled off the assembly line at Moon. J.E. Roberts General Manager of Moon Company, reported that the demand for Ruxtons would keep the company busy for some time. But as the Ruxtons were being shipped around the country, suits and countersuits were being fought out in the courts over the control of Moon. However, New Era was having a hard time. The depression was starting to have a major influence in the market. Cord had gained a head start in production and sales. Andrew's companies were in very shaky situation.
Then Kissel collapsed! Not able to meet mortgage payments, at the request of George A. Kissel the company was placed in the hands of receivers because of his reluctance to have the company fall into the hands of Andrews. The company attempted to continue production, but found that it was not possible. To further compound the problems, the final drive assemblies for the Ruxton was being made at Kissel and then shipped to Moon. But now that was not possible and as a result no Ruxtons could be produced at Moon. Moon shut down, bankrupt! Kissel shut down, bankrupt! Gardner shut down, bankrupt! and then New Era shut down, bankrupt! All within six months.
Now you have learned a bit about a unique car, go to "You Tube" and look for Jim Fasnacht and his video " A look at Ruxtons". Some very pretty cars!


For a relaxing holiday with an element of nightlife, dining and upmarket surroundings, Malta is an ideal choice. Add to this Direct Traveller's value-for-money services with our award winning holidays to Malta, and you will have exceptional value for money to this gorgeous part of the world. Take in the history of the destination, knowing you have the best deal to Malta with Direct Traveller. Need more information on Malta & Gozo holidays? Call and speak to a Malta & Gozo agent now on 0208 185 0440.


text:
How to Get Out of the Economic Rut
Lester C. Thurow
The Share Economy: Conquering Stagflation
by Martin L. Weitzman
Harvard University Press, 167 pp., $15.00
The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity
by Michael J. Piore and Charles F. Sabel
Basic Books, 355 pp., $21.95
In 1983 and 1984 the United States was in the midst of a cyclical recovery that was being sold to the public as if it were permanent prosperity. While the selling job was successful, the "stable expansion" promised by the administration looks more and more like a mirage. Almost as President Reagan's election tide rolled in, a tide of the bad economic news rolled out.
Just after the election Budget Director Stockman opened his books and revealed that the budget deficits were going to be much larger than was previously supposed. The Commerce Department revised real economic growth estimates downward to a 1.9 percent rate in the third quarter. If growth were to take place at such a pace through 1985, the budget deficits would be even larger than the new higher deficits being forecast by Mr. Stockman. With such a growth rate little further decline in unemployment could be expected. While 7 to 7.5 percent unemployment is better than the almost 11 percent of 1982, it is a dismal rate if one remembers that such rates were seen only in the depths of a recession. What used to be our worst unemployment rates are now our best unemployment rates.
Growth slowed in the third quarter of 1984 because American firms were not competitive on world markets. Two thirds of what Americans bought was produced abroad. Foreign sales to the US actually rose at a 5.7 percent rate. If America had been running a balance in its balance of trade, instead of a $130 billion deficit, three million Americans would be working who are not working in 1984. Those three million extra jobs would have brought the US a long way back toward a more reasonable level of unemployment.
While an inflation rate that seems to have stabilized around 4 percent looks good in relation to the recent past, it is also dismal viewed from a somewhat longer perspective. Such rates in the late 1960s produced demands for wage and price controls to end what was then viewed as an intolerable rate of inflation. Such rates are now the best that the economy can achieve right after it has been put through the wringer of almost 11 percent unemployment and four years of no growth from the first of 1979 through the fourth quarter of 1982. Historically, 4 percent is a very high jumping-off point from which to commence the next round of inflation.
Moreover the clouds of just such an inflationary shock are piling up. Funds must be borrowed from abroad to finance America's trade deficit. At some point the lending stops. No country can forever borrow to finance a deficit in its balance of payments. No one knows when the end will come, but it will come. And when the lending stops, the dollar falls.
Econometricians estimate that the dollar would need to fall about 30 percent to restore balance to America's balance of trade. But such a fall means that the price of imports measured in dollars would rise approximately 30 percent. Since America imports 12 percent of GNP, simple multiplication reveals that if 12 percent of GNP becomes 30 percent more expensive, then the inflation rate would rise by 3.6 percentage points.
In addition there would be an indirect inflationary effect. Part of today's relatively low inflation is produced by competitive pressures from abroad. American firms cannot raise prices without losing a share of the market. If imports were to go up in price because of a falling dollar, however, American-made goods competing with imports would also likely go up in price. This indirect inflationary effect of a falling dollar could easily be as large as the direct effect.
In view of the intrinsic instability created by the trade deficit, a rapidly falling dollar could act like the lightning that precedes a thunderstorm; inflation could well return to double-digit rates. What would happen then? The Federal Reserve, we may expect, will return to its habit of fighting inflation by deliberately creating recessions—a recovery in that case becomes a "contraction."
The lack of competitiveness in international markets produces unemployment and the prospect of an inflationary shock, but it is a symptom of a much more fundamental disease—a very anemic rate of growth in US productivity. This general failure of American industry to increase per capita output has been strangely neglected in recent public discussion. Prominent politicians do not say, and do not seem to know, that during the six years from 1977 through 1983, productivity in American manufacturing grew one-half as fast as that in Germany, one-third as fast as that in France, and less than one-third as fast as that in Japan. Outside of manufacturing, the American performance was even worse.
During the 1984 election the Reagan administration pointed to the rebound of productivity in 1983 as evidence of a new long-term trend. In fact the 1983 results were nothing but the standard cyclical swing: during a recovery, labor costs are spread across more units of output and productivity temporarily grows. Right after the election the Labor Department announced that American productivity was again falling. At the end of the third quarter of 1984 the average American firm was a little less efficient than it had been at the beginning of the quarter. What had been anemic growth was now actual decline.
Nothing is more important than restoring growth in American productivity, yet nothing is being done to do so. Nothing could help more to restore productivity growth than the elimination of frequent and persistent recessions; but nothing is being done to change the structural characteristics of the economy so as to get America off its up-and-down roller coaster. Why?
Some answers are to be found in Martin Weitzman's The Share Economy and Piore and Sabel's The Second Industrial Divide. The Reagan administration and most of the economics profession believe that social institutions and structural arrangements for productive work either don't matter much or take care of themselves. "Get the government out of the economy and off the backs of the people." Underlying this political slogan is the belief that competition forces the best possible institutional arrangements to the fore. "If it wasn't efficient it wouldn't exist." "If it does exist, it must be efficient." "If there was a better way to do it, that better way would automatically drive the inferior way now in use out of existence." Therefore, societies don't have to make deliberate social changes in the ways in which they organize themselves. Instead of trying to improve the ways that society is organized so that it works better, as President Roosevelt did during the Great Depression. Americans have merely to stand aside and "let free enterprise do its thing."
The public will reject this argument when they see that it isn't working. What has to be seen to be believed will, I think, soon be visible, however painfully. When recovery turns to recession, we may expect that people will want to know why a system that is supposed to work according to automatic assumptions is not working, and how that system might be changed. Then the views of Weitzman and of Piore and Sabel may get serious attention.
They all share some unfashionable premises that can be stated bluntly. Social organization matters. The most efficient forms of social organization do not automatically come forward. Societies can consciously organize themselves efficiently or inefficiently. The societies that win economically are the ones that pay attention to improving their social organization. Efficient social organization will usually beat inefficient social organization; efficent organization may often be found in Japan while inefficient organization prevails in the United States.
Weitzman examines the structural changes in social organization that he believes would be necessary to run the American economy at continuing full employment without inflation. Piore and Sabel examine shifts in modes of social organization that would be necessary to run firms more efficiently. Weitzman's thesis should logically come first. He starts with a simple sociological observation that derives from an underlying economic reality. In capitalistic economies, corporations that sell goods or services often send presents to their customers at Christmas time; in socialist economies the customers give presents to sellers. Why? In socialist economies the problem is production. There is a scarcity of goods at current prices and buyers need to ingratiate themselves with (one might say "bribe") sellers. In capitalistic economies the problem is sales. Since there is a surplus of goods at current prices, sellers need to ingratiate themselves with (bribe?) buyers.
The reasons for this can be stated simply. Modern advanced capitalism is marked by imperfectly competitive firms. Most firms are sufficiently large that they cannot sell all that they can produce at current prices; they must lower prices (or spend more on selling) if they are to sell more of what they produce. This means that the extra revenue (what economists call marginal revenue) from an additional unit of sales is less than the price previously received (what economists call average revenue). But if society wants firms to expand their production to full employment levels, then production costs must also fall as sales expand. If production costs do not fall as output expands, firms will not expand production since to do so would be to lose money. The falling revenue per unit of extra sales does not cover the cost incurred in producing more output.
Since labor costs typically account for 70 percent of total production costs, labor costs must fall if total production costs are to fall. In the textbook world of classical supply and demand they do so. Full employment is guaranteed by falling wages. If unemployment breaks out, unemployed workers will bid for current jobs by offering to work for less than those employed and so they drive wage rates down for those employed. With lower wage costs employers will expand production. With production expanding unemployed workers will be reabsorbed into employment. In a perfectly competitive economy in which every market worked as it is supposed to, unemployment would not exist and if it were to occur for some unknown reason it would be quickly absorbed by the expanding demand flowing from falling wages and lower production costs.
The unfortunate reality is that unemployment does exist and wages do not fall so as to reduce production costs. Despite unemployment rates ranging from 25 percent in 1933 to 17 percent in 1939 real wages rose during the Great Depression for the lucky ones who remained employed. Between 1979 and 1982 average labor compensation rose 30 percent despite an unemployment rate that almost reached 11 percent. Wages should have been falling to reduce unemployment, but they weren't. Perhaps if the US had been willing to let the Great Depression run for more than ten years and were willing to let the recent recession run for more than four years, wage rates might have started to fall—but that remains in question. In neither case were there any signs that the wage structure was about to crack. Within any reasonable period of time, wages do not fall to the level required to produce full employment.
In view of this reality Weitzman argues that the US needs to change its social organization. It should move from the current system of fixed wages (so much per hour, week, or month) to what he calls a share economy where some portion of wages is paid as a fraction of the firm's profits or revenue. In a share system, if revenue per unit falls as sales expand, wage costs also fall per unit produced, and the firm has an economic incentive to increase production to the level of full employment. Until the firms run out of extra workers to hire they will find that more production and sales always mean more profits. A share economy would eliminate unemployment since wages would respond as they are supposed to do and not as they have done throughout the postwar years.
Similarly inflationary shocks would be mitigated. At the beginning of 1979 the US spent 2 percent of its GNP on imported oil; at the end of 1979 it spent 5 percent of its GNP for the same amount of imported oil; and during 1979 American productivity did not grow. As a result the pile of goods and services available to be divided among Americans at the end of the year was only 97 percent as large as that available at the beginning of the year. There were two ways to deliver the bad news. If all wages (and other incomes) had fallen 3 percent, there would have been a balance between American incomes and the pile of goods and services available to be divided. With wages falling 3 percent, American production costs, and hence prices, would have fallen enough to offset imported oil prices in the consumer price index. But wages did not fall 3 percent. They rose 9 percent instead as each worker attempted to keep up with inflation. This compounded the original problems and produced a 12 percent rate of inflation. While the attempt to keep up with inflation was rational for each individual worker it was socially irrational (mathematically impossible) for workers as a group. The net result was not just a higher than necessary rate of inflation but the subsequent need to have a harsh recession to push that 12 percent inflation back down to more reasonable levels.
If Weitzman's share economy had been in place in 1979, wages would have fallen as revenue fell because of higher imported-oil prices. What should have happened would have happened. The Japanese have a share system that works according to the size of the bonuses paid out twice a year. And the Japanese, as it happens, sailed through the second OPEC oil shock with hardly a tremor of inflation. Bonuses were drastically cut, producing the equivalent of an 11 percent wage reduction.
If what Weitzman proposes seems so sensible, why don't we try it? Part of the answer is to be found in the dominant view that social organization does not require deliberate change; but another part is to be found in self-interest and an unwillingness to confront reality. A share system evidently hurts those who remain employed during periods of high unemployment. If unemployment exists because wages on the margin are too high, those already employed will receive less under a share system than they do now. Their share of extra revenue will not be as high as the wages they now get.
As with most problems, this one becomes clearer when seen in someone else's back yard. In Belgium every employee must by law be given six weeks of paid vacation. Such laws are fine for those employed. But they raise the costs of labor and make it unprofitable for employers to hire new employees. The workers who are unemployed pay, in a very real sense, for the six weeks of paid vacation for those employed. A share system makes life more uncertain for those who feel sure that they will not be laid off during an economic downturn. Under a share system they wouldn't know quite so confidently just what their income would be in the year to come. Personal planning becomes marginally more difficult. Many union leaders, who would like to assure their members that life will become more agreeable each year, will resist a share system.
Under a share system, however, Americans will find it harder to kid themselves about reality. When an event like the 1979 OPEC oil shock occurs—and the fall of the dollar may produce a comparable effect—Americans will have to face the fact that their standard of living will fall as they give up more exports to get the old volume of imports. No one will be able to bail out of reality by thinking that he can get a wage hike higher than the rate of inflation.
The objections to a share economy are both minor and self-serving. A share economy would be a much better economy. It would have a higher standard of living, as well as lower unemployment and lower inflation, than we now have. Other societies have declined—Great Britain comes to mind—as they lost the ability to undertake social changes. America may be another. By doing nothing Americans may collectively choose to be among the inefficient.
Piore and Sabel start by pointing out that America's lack of efficient economic performance cannot be blamed on any of the simple causes that are so frequently invoked. America has much lower productivity growth than many European countries and a huge deficit in its balance of payments with Europe. Yet Europeans spend more on government social programs than Americans dream of spending. America has much lower productivity growth than Japan and a huge deficit in its balance of payments with Japan. Yet Japan allows government interference in matters that Americans would not dream of. "Administrative guidance" is a way of life in Japan, where powerful corporations take advice from the ministry of trade and industry on what to produce. Most American executives would claim that such dependence is a nightmare.
The thesis of Piore and Sabel's book is that the rest of the world is essentially beating America by doing what Americans like to talk about—being more flexible and more responsive to the competition—but have not been able to do. Americans cannot be flexible and responsive to rapid changes in world demand for products not because they are inflexible personally but because they have organized themselves socially in ways that make flexibility and responsiveness difficult. They have tied a large part of their economy to a system of mass manufacturing based on long production runs—i.e., on making much the same product much the same way over a long period—and to a legalistic division of labor in which each minute task is specified and becomes a specialty. In such a system, frequent changes of product and method become almost impossible. Japanese auto factories, for example, change from model to model, according to sales volume, much more rapidly than their American counter-parts. By cooperating with one another to help expand the production of "hot" styles Italian shoe manufacturers can respond to shifts in the market much more rapidly than their American counterparts.
With their thousands of work rules, job titles, and associated wage rates, American firms cannot move labor speedily from place to place and job to job as the Japanese can. Japanese wages are based on seniority with the firm. The workers are encouraged to learn different skills and are much more flexible in changing from one task or technique to another. With their militaristic ways of imposing decisions from the top down, American firms cannot compete with foreign firms who can tap the ideas, initiative, and experiences of their employees. Piore and Sabel find, for example, that many foreign firms have worked out decision making from the bottom up by using "quality control circles," in which groups of workers collaborate in suggesting more efficient ways of organizing the productive process.
The economic culture in which the foreman acts as the workers' representative to management (the typical pattern among our successful foreign competitors) is more flexible than the one where the foreman is the instrument of management for transmitting never-to-be-questioned orders to workers (the American pattern). "Locked" numerically controlled machine tools which only skilled white-collar technicians are allowed to program (the American pattern), are less capable of adjusting to bottlenecks on the shop floor than "unlocked" numerically controlled machine tools for which the blue-collar workers who operate the machines are taught to do the programming (the Japanese or West German pattern).
While none of these rigid practices is new to American industry, technology has made them into more of a handicap than they used to be. Computers, micro-processors, robots, and all that goes with them are radically changing the industrial world. They are moving production away from fixed mass manufacturing where one can compete successfully by having low-skilled workers on the assembly line turning the same screw year after year. Workers now have to be capable, for example, of readjusting the programming of robots so that they can shift from one model of car to another. And Piore and Sabel have much evidence to show that workers acting as participants are more efficient than workers acting as automatons. While American industry is rapidly rushing to purchase the hardware (robots, computers, etc.) that will allow more flexible production processes, few of these firms as yet have been willing to make the sociological changes that must go along with the hardware to make it fully effective. Old hierarchical arrangements have to be replaced with very different methods of supervising the labor force and getting them to participate in the decision-making process.
While it may be accurate in both industry and government to describe Japan and Europe pejoratively as more "bureaucratic" than America, an even more pejorative label can be attached to America—it is an overly legalistic society. "Administrative guidance," by which government officials confer with managers and collaborate in setting new industrial trends, could indeed be a nightmare, but, as Piore and Sabel suggest, it can also be the saving element in a bureaucratic society. When such guidance works, one finds few formal rules, a need to consult before doing anything, many informal constraints, but everything is negotiable—and possible.
Legalistic societies by contrast attempt to write detailed regulations for everything (work rules, job titles, promotion up seniority ladders, who may give an order to whom, who gets the largest office, which jobs are associated with which wage rates) and then use lengthy adversarial quasi-legal procedures to settle disputes—arbitrators, special masters, trials. Very little is negotiable and much must be settled in accordance with some prior written code of rules and regulations. Much cannot be done and changing the rules is both hard and time-consuming.
One can disagree with Piore and Sabel on the degree to which consumer demands for mass-made manufactured products have been satiated. I would argue that stagnant sales are caused more by stagnant incomes than they are by satiation. When incomes rise and interest rates fall, the demand for these products seems just as strong as ever. But these products are themselves apt to be produced in more flexible ways in the future. Perhaps they also exaggerate the speed with which the shift from old-style mass production to flexible manufacturing is, or should be, taking place. One can also argue that nothing would improve American industrial performance more than an economy run without frequent recessions and therefore recommend that they take account of Weitzman's arguments for a share economy. At the same time one can agree with their basic thesis. The American corporation has turned itself into a "do it by the rules" microcosm of our larger society, and that way of doing things just doesn't work very well.
Still, the existing social organizations aren't going to collapse automatically simply because they don't work: they will go on producing a huge American product but less and less competitively. The underlying reality, which may or may not be confronted, is that the more uncertainty an economy faces, the more it needs flexibility. A world without OPEC oil shocks evidently had less need for a share economy than a world with them; just as American firms had less need for flexibility where they were faced with technically equal or inferior competitors. The world is now full of economic uncertainty, and America needs more flexibility than its institutions now permit. Whether its political and industrial leaders will be willing to recognize this remains the large, and largely unasked, question in the country today.
More by Lester C. Thurow
Asia: The Collapse and the Cure
The Dishonest Economy
Can the US Compete?
Lester Thurow is Professor of Economics and Management at MIT and the former Dean of the Sloan School of Management. He is the author of The Zero-Sum Society, Head to Head, and The Future of Capitalism. (February 1998)


I: I'm writing this with an evil smile on my face, I know what happens. And believe me I still look good with that evil smile. GO and read the book.
The man character (MC) doesn't know who she is and lived for five and a half years without the four guys knowing that she is there. And she sees it all. After an attack on the guys, she so aptly named One, Two, Three and Four, in the house they share unbeknownst to the guys, the main character becomes corporeal enough for the four to see her, though no one else. While she thinks it will be the best event of her life, the four aren't as happy as she would have hoped.
A: This book was super funny in that the MC not only lives where people can't really see her, but lives in her own fantasy world as well. She sets herself up for failure not really knowing who or what she is or what she would expect from four men who feel like she is a stalker.
I: I laughed out loud at some jokes and loved that the story goes differently then what you are used to. And again, the book is written really nice. Only the book is too short for me, I read it in one day. Which is great and I still liked it. Only not how short is was. Don't let this stop you from reading it, there are always books who will be too short with a great story. Luckily there will be a second part.
A: Don't let Idonea discourage you, because of one really great thing about this book, the main character, she has an unexpected concept of love that makes the reader die laughing when it happens. It isn't that you don't care about her, you really do, but her not knowing things about herself or life, makes a refreshing look at a main character that can't exactly do anything.
A: The story has a strong writing and is great way to spend an afternoon. You keep cheering for the main character through all of her follies and mix ups.
It is the first of C.M. Owens to venture into the world of Reverse Harem.
A: And I have to say that she has done a great job.
I: I agree with you Amanda. It is short and powerful.
This is the first in a four book project. Check it out here and go read.


text:
Art by Jason Poole, Academy of Natural Sciences and Drexel University.
A restoration of the fossil fish Phyllolepis thomsoni.
Laelaps
Peeling a Fish from Stone
ByRiley Black
A great deal of the romance of paleontology lies in the search for traces of prehistoric life. There's something wonderful about hiking over naked stone and through arid badlands in the hope of finding tracks, teeth, shell, leaf impressions, or bone. Indeed, the primary reason I moved west was so that I could be in places where Earth history lies exposed in tantalizing and beautiful expanses.
Yet, despite the ubiquitous imagery of fossil hunters combing parched hills and digging under the intense desert sunshine, not all fossil deposits are so remote. Back on the east coast, where I grew up, rich fossil beds lie under forests and suburban sprawl. These ancient clues only come to light when someone has reason to cut through the blankets of overlying material, exposing the rock beneath. Such is the case in central and western Pennsylvania. Roadcuts slice deep into Devonian rock – the roughly 419 to 358 million year old "Age of Fish" when vertebrate life was almost entirely aquatic, with the exception of those pioneering tetrapods that heaved themselves around at the water's edge. And the latest fish to come out of these human-made fossil exposures was an armor-plated oddball.
Paleontologists John Long and Edward Daeschler describe the fish in the latest Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Discovered in a roadcut along Route 15's Covington Bypass, the creature is represented by impressions from an articulated set of armor plates and two isolated, associated plates that are ornamented by rippling ridges. These plates, Long and Daeschler propose, belonged to a hitherto unknown species of armored fish called Phyllolepis thomsoni that swam among ancient deltas sometime between 372 and 358 million years ago.
Revealing those delicate details took a little reverse engineering. The plates themselves were only preserved as scraps that clung to impressions in the rock. To recreate the look of Phyllolepis, Daeschler used latex to make casts of the plates from their natural molds:
In the big picture of the fish family tree, Phyllolepis was a placoderm. This was a long-lived group of armored fish that included the famous and fearsome Dunkleosteus among its varied ranks. Phyllolepis was not so nasty as its shear-jawed cousin, though. As reconstructed by Long and Daeschler through comparison with previously-discovered specimens, Phyllolepis thomsoni had a broad, flat head that made the fish look like something of a swimming, armored vacuum.
Given the general lack of press the weird piscine creatures of the Devonian typically receive, Phyllolepis is unlikely to become a rock star. But the discovery of the genus in Pennsylvania may nonetheless help paleontologists pinpoint places where more charismatic creatures might be found. Among other Northern Hemisphere sites, Long and Daeschler point out, Phyllolepis is often found in the same deposits as early tetrapods – the four-limbed, multi-fingered vertebrates that spanned the ecological gap between the water and the land. Therefore Phyllolepis "may serve as an indicator of favorable paleoecological conditions in the search for early tetrapods", the researchers write. Each piece of the paleontological puzzle provides a slight outline of what the broader prehistoric picture might reveal.
Long, J., Daeschler, E. 2013. First articulated phyllolepid placoderm from North America, with comments on phyllolepid systematics. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 162: 33-46


Vertex Standard VX-459 UHF HANDHELD RADIO. The industrial grade VX-450 Series maximises worker uptime with expanded safety applications and convenient built-in features designed for heavy duty use.
sensor adapts the radio to each distinct work environment to monitor movement.


text:
For several years now, we have held numerous cultural activities including lectures, workshops, book readings and film screenings with visiting and local artists, musicians, authors, filmmakers, scholars, and craftspeople. We believe that the humanities present a formidable gateway onto culture, and by holding these events we are not only facilitating greater understanding and knowledge of the complexity and diversity of Palestinian culture and surrounding cultures of the Middle East, but we are celebrating them in our space.
A Conversation with Filmmaker Annemarie Jacir
A stimulating interview with Palestinian-American film director, Annemarie Jacir, who just screened her latest work "Lamma Shoftak" (When I Saw You) at the DC International Film festival.
Daytime Film: "Route 181: Fragments of a Journey in Palestine-Israel" by Michel Khleifi and Eyal Sivan
A three-part documentary, the film "Route 181" follows the borders drawn up by UN Resolution 181 which was adopted by the UN on 29 November 1947 to separate Palestine into two states – one Jewish and one Arab. 56 percent of the territory was attributed to the Jewish minority while 43 percent was given to the Arab majority, with a small central area given over to international supervision. Fifty-five years later, the journey of these two filmmakers along Route 181 traces a border which never actually existed.
Daytime Film: "Roadmap to Apartheid" by Ana Nogueira and Eron Davidson
94 mins, 2012, explores in detail the apartheid comparison as it is used in the enduring Israel-Palestine conflict. As much an historical document of the rise and fall of apartheid, the film shows us why many Palestinians feel they are living in an apartheid system today, and why an increasing number of people around the world agree with them.
Daytime Film: "Where Should the Birds Fly?" by Fida Qishta
"Where Should The Birds Fly?" documents the lives of two courageous young Palestinian women, survivors of Israel's massive 23 day attack on Gaza that began on December 28, 2008. Mona Samouni, now 12 years old and the filmmaker, Fida Qishta, now 27, represent the spirit and future of Palestine.
Evening Films: "Restored Pictures" & "Kings and Extras"
Short documentary "Restored Pictures," 22 mins by Mahasen Nasser Eldin followed by "Kings and Extras," 62 mins by Azza El-Hassan. Both films touch on the significant contributions Palestinians have made to their own documentation, respectively in the periods of pre-Nakba and post-Nakba.
Daytime Film: "The Dupes" by Tawfik Saleh
The Dupes, by Tawfik Saleh, 1972, 107 mins: The story is based on the 1962 novella Men in the Sun by Palestinian writer, artist, and resistance leader Ghassan Kanafani, who was assassinated at age 36 with his young niece in a car bombing in Beirut in 1972.
Abbas Mousavi, Arabic Calligraphy
Dr. Mousavi's talk included a demonstration of some of the technical details involved in artistic calligraphy. He also exhibited some of his calligraphic artwork, which will be offered for sale. The calligraphy remained on display for a week after the lecture.


Dejima and Frederick Coyett's role in the Nambu affair.
Council member of the VOC, Frederick Coyett, eager to please the Edo, interfered with such a formal apology. He traveled immediately after his arrival in Batavia, on November 4, 1647, to the Edo, but was not received, supposedly because he did not have the right papers, according to the Japanese.
On January 16, 1648, and this time loaded with gifts, Coyett returned to Nagasaki. As it turned out, the Shogun was still dismayed by the lack of an official, high-ranking Ambassador of the Dutch Republic.
In response, the Governor-General of the VOC, Cornelis van der Lijn, and his Deputy, Francois Caron came up with a diplomatic ploy.
The next year, 1649, they sent, "out of gratitude", a deadly sick lawyer, the 50-year-old Peter Blok, together with boards for his coffin, as the "Ambassador, Special Envoy" of the Republic to Japan. Blok was certain to be dead upon arrival.
Caron had given clear instructions what to do when Blok died on the way. The new Ambassador would be posthumously promoted to "Doctor of Law" and immediately transported, pickled in salt in his coffin to the Edo. After all, the primary business of the Dutch trading company was the well-guarded trade secret of haring conservation for long distant sea voyages. In the 14th century, Willem Beukelz had invented the " gutting of haring" or "haringkaken." This conservation procedure left the pancreas in the haring, while removing all other guts before pickling it in salt. The pancreas helped in taste as well as the long-term conservation.
The Shogunate diplomatic elite noticed that the deceased Envoy, pickled in layers of salt as he was delivered in Nagasaki, carried no personal letter from the Prince of Orange, and therefore were still insulted but also very confused.
The Shogun concluded that this had to be the ' Death of a Salesman. "
Dirck Snoucq, the new chief of Dejima, carried on the charade by claiming that the Envoy had traveled especially for the visit to Japan all the way from the Republic. The Shogun still did not trust it, but could not prove otherwise. Frederick Coyett's position as Director of Dejima became untenable, and after that, he was promoted to Gouverneur of Formosa in 1656.
The Dutch VOC was able to maintain their exclusive trading monopoly with Japan till USA-Commander Mathew C. Perry sailed into Kobe Harbor on 13 February 1854, only half a year after initial diplomatic visit trying to sell arms. Rather than the full year as promised, and with ten ships and 1600 men, he pressured the Japanese to open up Japan for foreign trade.
After fierce protests by the Dutch, Perry was permitted to land at Kanagawa, near the site of present-day Yokohama on March 8, 1854, where, after negotiations lasting for around a month, the Convention of Kanagawa was signed on March 31, 1854. Perry signed as American Plenipotentiary minister, and Hayashi Akira, also known by his title of Daigaku-no-kami, signed for the Japanese side.


text:
HomeReader SubmissionsState and Local GovernmentArciero Legislation to Assist Veterans with PTSD in State Colleges and Universities
Reader SubmissionsState and Local Government
Arciero Legislation to Assist Veterans with PTSD in State Colleges and Universities
James Arciero. COURTESY PHOTO
State Rep. James Arciero, an eight-year member of the Joint Committee on Veterans and Federal Affairs, announced recently the filing of legislation to assist active duty service personnel and veterans in state colleges and universities suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
"As a member of a military family, I know firsthand the challenges faced by those brave women and men who have worn the uniform of the United States when they return from their service overseas," said Arciero, whose brother and brother-in-law served multiple tours of duty in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The legislation, a collaborative effort with the University of Massachusetts Medical School, seeks to implement a continuing education program to train clinical and non-clinical counselors at state colleges and universities to recognize and assist veteran students in dealing with the various issues related to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in active duty and veteran students.
"With 2,500 student veterans enrolled and all of our undergraduate campuses ranked Military Friendly Schools, UMass is committed to support services for student veterans," said UMass President Marty Meehan. "Through this legislation, UMass can expand that support to student veterans throughout public higher education in Massachusetts by providing specialized training in PTSD for counselors. We thank Representative Arciero, a proud UMass alum, for his leadership on this issue."
Since the passage of the federal Post-9/11 Veterans Education Assistance Act in 2008, commonly known as the Post-9/11 GI Bill, the enrollment of active duty service members and veterans in colleges and universities has increased substantially, especially in New England. According to the federal Department of Veterans Affairs, more than 750,000 veterans have utilized their earned benefit to enroll in postsecondary courses in the last decade.
"The University of Massachusetts Medical School is actively engaged in patient care, teaching and research collaborations with Veterans Affairs and hope to deepen our partnership in the future," said Michael F. Collins, M.D., medical school chancellor. "We are pleased to help ensure that state colleges and universities have the necessary training to help ease the transition for returning men and women who have so admirably served our country."
Due to the struggle with trauma and related psychological distress caused by both deployment in a military zone and military combat engagements, soldiers and veterans can experience social and family disruption that can negatively impact their ability to succeed in school. In addition to this trauma, they may also deal with other psychiatric and physical disabilities, loss of military camaraderie and isolation/social disconnection and be at risk of suicide.
According to the American Psychiatric Association, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, a serious accident, a terrorist act, war/combat, rape or other violent personal assault. In the past, PTSD has been known by many names, such as "shell shock" during the years of World War I and "combat fatigue" after World War II.
People with PTSD have intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings related to their experiences that last long after the traumatic event has ended. They may relive the event through flashbacks or nightmares; feel sadness, fear or anger; and may feel detached or estranged from other people. People with PTSD may avoid situations or people that remind them of traumatic events, and they may have strong negative reactions to something as ordinary as a loud noise or an accidental touch.
Many people exposed to a traumatic event experience symptoms like those described above in the days following the event. For a person to be diagnosed with PTSD, however, symptoms last for more than a month and often persist for months and sometimes years. Many individuals develop symptoms within three months of the trauma, but symptoms may appear later. For people with PTSD, the symptoms cause significant distress or problems functioning. PTSD often occurs with other related conditions, such as depression, substance use, memory problems and other physical and mental health problems.
The legislation calls for clinical and non-clinical counselors to be educated and trained in the areas of military culture and its influences on a service member's psychology; deployment cycle stressors; outreach strategies for administrative, non-clinical and clinical services; and the symptoms of depression, suicide, deployment-related insomnia, substance abuse and the overall issues related to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Finally, the bill calls for training in the knowledge of available PTSD resources and methods of referral for active duty and veteran students.
"I believe that the transition from military to civilian life can be one of the biggest life challenges that our brave soldiers can face after their service to our nation. It should be the goal of all of us to make this difficult time a little easier for our heroes and their families, especially as they seek the professional skills they will need and deserve to enter the civilian workforce," said Arciero.
The legislation has been assigned to the Joint Committee on Veterans and Federal Affairs and will have a public hearing to receive testimony.
Previous articleADOPTABLE PET OF THE WEEK – Low Key Stella is a Stellar Match For a Loving Home
Next articleVIDEO: At Hill Orchard Farm in Westford, the Peaches are Ripe
Rep. Arciero's Toys-for-Tots, Sun Santa Drive Helps Those in Need During Holiday Season
LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Opponent of Restaurant Drive-Through Windows Urges Residents to 'Make Their Voices Heard'


It's flexible, it's free, if you choose to follow the plans you will see results. What's not to like?
This was. Waste of money. How do I cancel my subscription?
This is a great app and incredibly helpful for intermittent fasting. I enjoy the reminders and the ease of use. Looking forward to my fasting journey with the help of Body Fast app.
I have been wanting to undertake an intermittent fasting routine for quite awhile. Getting this App made the commitment easy. It's fun to see how far you are in a fast, and plan for the time you will eat. I am looking forward to seeing how I feel at the one week mark. I have ten pounds to lose, but body composition needs to change too. I highly recommend this App to help motivate and keep track of a fasting routine.
So excited to get started!
I used this app for about a day but it was to irritating so I switched to another. The app itself is fine and easy to use, but every time I open it it asks me to turn on notifications. I didn't particularly want them on but I turned them on anyways so I'd stop getting the pop up but it still asks me every time I open it.
Please tell me how many hours I have fasted at a quick glance. I am new to fasting and trying to work up to 16/8 schedule. I started with a 14/10 and it has varied, when I can do more or I've adjusted for family gatherings etc. I love that the app allows me to do this but I'm doing math all the time to figure Pitt fasting hours day to day and having to keep track of them outside the app. Just calculate my Daily hours please! Also time adjustment should be able to be made without effecting the end or start time. Everything else is great!
Easy to get up and running with your first fart. Easy to edit fast periods and change goals! New faster over here!
Great app just a bit annoying.
So I'm working to losing weight and it's really easy to just quit, but with the coach it helps a lot. I think the price is way to high, and therefore I haven't got the coach and the things that the apps come with without buying a membership is not a lot.
I'm nearing the end of my first week and the app seems to work very well. I've dabbled with intermittent fasting before but this app helps me stick to a schedule. I'm using the free one so far. I will try a few of the free ones before I decide if I want to pay for the coach.


text:
By WMS Software
Red Flag Fleet is a slot machine by WMS. According to the number of players searching for it, Red Flag Fleet is a moderately popular slot. It's not up there with the most widely-known titles, but it has captured the attention of some slot machine players, so give it a try for free to see for yourself.
Wishing You Fortune is a slot machine by WMS. According to the number of players searching for it, Wishing You Fortune is not a very popular slot. Still, that doesn't necessarily mean that it's bad, so give it a try and see for yourself, or browse popular casino games.
King of Africa is a slot machine by WMS. According to the number of players searching for it, King of Africa is a moderately popular slot. It's not up there with the most widely-known titles, but it has captured the attention of some slot machine players, so give it a try for free to see for yourself.
Black Knight 2 is a slot machine by WMS. According to the number of players searching for it, Black Knight 2 is not a very popular slot. Still, that doesn't necessarily mean that it's bad, so give it a try and see for yourself, or browse popular casino games.
Zeus God of Thunder is a sharp-looking game with an RTP of 96.05% and medium/high volatility.
Zeus 1000 is a slot machine by WMS. According to the number of players searching for it, Zeus 1000 is not a very popular slot. Still, that doesn't necessarily mean that it's bad, so give it a try and see for yourself, or browse popular casino games.
Montezuma is a slot machine by WMS. According to the number of players searching for it, Montezuma is a moderately popular slot. It's not up there with the most widely-known titles, but it has captured the attention of some slot machine players, so give it a try for free to see for yourself.
Kronos is a video slot coming from WMS. If you're a fan of the video slots coming from this provider you will surely notice that Kronos is in fact a sequel of the mega popular Zeus slot.
Fire Queen is a slot machine by WMS. According to the number of players searching for it, Fire Queen is not a very popular slot. Still, that doesn't necessarily mean that it's bad, so give it a try and see for yourself, or browse popular casino games.
Lady of Egypt is a slot machine by WMS. According to the number of players searching for it, Lady of Egypt is not a very popular slot. Still, that doesn't necessarily mean that it's bad, so give it a try and see for yourself, or browse popular casino games.


Carol McLeod (1948-) was born in Seattle, Washington. She received her high school diploma in 1966 from Buena High School, Ventura, California. After high school, she studied art at Ventura College, where she was awarded her A.A. Degree in 1968 and then attended Mills College, Oakland, California where she obtained her undergraduate art degree in 1970. After Mills College, she completed her advanced studies in Art Therapy and Marriage, Family and Child Counseling at CSU Sacramento. Carol's regular 9 to 5 was spent in the area of special education; she worked for three decades with disadvantaged youth using art and computers.
Many themes can be found in Carol's art where she can move from medium to medium flawlessly. In the Charlie B Gallery, one will see her fascination with "Aliens" as it is translated through her work in both jewelry and sculpture where clay is the common ingredient in the process. When I met Carol for the first time, I accepted her in my gallery without seeing her work. It was the passion in her heart that told me she was a precious artist that could create with no bounds where her imagination, her art could have a very profound effect on others as it has on me.


I have a problem connecting via SSH to the MS app running in production.
It's some kind of configuration error, because I have no problem connecting via ssh in Development space.
If it's not fixable, is there a solution how to access PostgresDB directly to run couple of SQL queries to migrate existing app state from MS v2?
I would also be interested in this. We do not still have production apps, but the normal documentation for ssh access has worked til now in development.
I recently learned that it's required to restart your application after enabling ssh, can this be your issue?


text:
the police magistrate
tales from the Police courts of the metropolis
Follow the police magistrate on WordPress.com
Alcohol and disorderly behaviour
Animals and the Police courts
The River Thames
Thieves at the Police Courts
Categories: the London Police Courts
Bow Street Court
Guildhall Police Court
Lambeth Police Court
Mansion House Police Court
Marlborough Street Police Court
Marylebone Police Court
Thames Police Court
Union Hall Police Court
The Nether World
'The weakness of the dangerous classes': attitudes to poverty are at the heart of my teaching this term
A light fingered minister is caught in the act
A servant so drunk she could hardly stand up
No happy ending for buttons in this East End pantomime
Inconsistency and the legacy of slavery as two assaults come before the courts
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1888 1890s alcohol alcoholism assault assault on the police attempted suicide Australia bail burglary charity Charles Dickens Chelsea City of London class D'Eyncourt detectives Digital Panopticon domestic servant domestic violence drunk and disorderly drunkenness East End fine France Fraud hansom cab hard labour house of correction immigration imprisonment Jack and the Thames Torso Murders Jack the Ripper jury Juvenile crime knife landlords Lawyers Lord Mayor of London marriage mental health Murder newspapers Old Bailey Pawnbrokers pickpockets Police police court police station poverty previous convictions prison prostitution pubs Queen Victoria remanded River Thames robbery solicitor summons surgeon theft transportation trial violence Whitechapel Whitechapel murders witnesses workhouse
Last Dying Words
St Mungo's homeless charity
Untold Arsenal
the Police Magistrate	in Clerkenwell Police Court, Uncategorized	 July 4, 2019 July 2, 2019 688 Words
A close encounter on Holborn Hill: two young women have a narrow escape
Holborn in the mid Victorian period
This blog has noted before that violence towards women was endemic in the Victorian age. The court reports are full of husbands and partners hitting, stabbing, burning, and otherwise beating their wives and lovers, and casual violence towards women in the streets is also a reality of daily life in the nineteenth-century city.
None of this should come as a surprise of course; violence towards women remains a serious social problem alongside the sexual abuse that has precipitated the Me Too movement in recent years. Some men it seems believe they have a 'God given' right to abuse women or, at the very least, to treat them as inferiors. I place 'God given' in inverted commas but note that it is the great religious texts that created the idea that women are in some way second-class citizens under a system of male domination. I don't necessarily believe that religion is 'bad' but this element of religion continues to provide an excuse for discrimination and violence.
In 1855 two sisters were walking through Holborn and got lost. It was late and as they wandered the streets they saw a man standing on Red Lion Street and asked him the way to Haverstock Hill. He agreed to show them and they set off together.
The man was well dressed, gave his name as Thomas Reddington, a jeweler, and so they had no fears about walking with him. At some point one of the sisters, Mary McKay, said felt tired and needed to rest. Reddington said he had rooms nearby in Holborn Chambers and she was welcome to sit down their for a while before continuing her journey. The women agreed and followed the jeweler to a building in Union Court on Holborn Hill.
These rooms were not lawyers chambers however, they were quite 'low and dirty' and the women immediately felt uncomfortable there. The elder sister (Susan Hale, who was married) complained and said they should leave and was about to go when the man seized her and punched her in the face. Shocked she grabbed her sister and they ran out. They soon found a policeman on Holborn Hill and told him what had happened. PC Swinscoe (Sity 216) said he found Reddington at 'an ice shop' near Union Court and arrested him based on the women's description.
The case came up before Mr Corrie at Clerkenwell Police court and one the face of it was a fairly straightforward incident of assault, perhaps with a darker sexual motive. Reddington's key defense was that he was drunk at the time. 'I'd been drinking all day long' he told the magistrate, as if that was justification of his actions.
Incredibly, Mr Corrie seems to have taken this as mitigation and turned his ire on the young women, especially on Susan Hale as she was married. He told she had 'acted most indiscreetly in accompanying a complete stranger into a house, even if what he represented to them was true, that he had chambers there'.
He ascertained that Reddington earned 30s a week and because the offence was serious he fined him £3. Reddington didn't have the money (presumably because he'd drunk it all away) so he was sent to gaol for three months. The 'young ladies quickly left the court' chastened no doubt both by their narrow escape from a possible worse crime and the rebuke they had received from the magistrate. This was the nineteenth-century equivalent of a rape victim being told that her choice of clothing was to blame for the assault she suffered. Corrie may have been punishing the drunken jeweler but he was asserting the dominance of the patriarchy as he did so.
[from The Morning Post, Wednesday, July 04, 1855]
Drew's new book (co-authored by Andy Wise) is published by Amberley Books. It is a new study of the Whitechapel murders of 1888 which offers up a new suspect, links the 'Jack the Ripper' killings to the unsolved 'Thames Torso' crimes, and provides the reader with important contextual history of Victorian London. The book is available on Amazon here
Haverstock Hill
Holborn Hill
Mr Corrie
Red Lion Street
What we all need is a right royal knees up
The soldier who found it all too much to bear


text:
Quest Diagnostics supports suit against HHS charging that CMS ignored congressional intent in implementing new clinical lab payment system
SECAUCUS, N.J., Dec. 11, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Quest Diagnostics (NYSE: DGX), the world's leading provider of diagnostic information services, announced its support for a lawsuit filed by the American Clinical Laboratory Association (ACLA) charging that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) failed to follow a congressional directive to implement a market-based laboratory payment system. Quest is a member of ACLA.
"We fully support the legal action taken today by ACLA," said Steve Rusckowski, Chairman, President and CEO of Quest Diagnostics. "From the beginning, the process established by CMS was highly flawed. Instead of reforming Medicare reimbursement rates to reflect the broad commercial insurance market, CMS prohibited more than 99 percent of labs from contributing private payer data. Instead of protecting access to the critical laboratory services our industry provides, the damage caused by this reckless process will ultimately limit Medicare beneficiaries' access to lab testing."
The lawsuit by ACLA asserts that CMS, operating under the purview of HHS, ignored congressional intent and instituted a highly flawed data reporting process in advance of setting market rates under the Protecting Access to Medicare Act (PAMA). Contrary to Congress's directives, the overwhelming majority of laboratories were prohibited from reporting private payer data. As a result, CMS failed to protect access to laboratory services for Medicare beneficiaries. This flawed process could cause serious financial harm to potentially thousands of hospital, independent and physician office laboratories, and make it harder for Medicare beneficiaries to get access to medical testing, particularly in remote rural areas and in nursing homes that depend on laboratory testing services.
To view the complaint in its entirety, click here.
Quest Diagnostics empowers people to take action to improve health outcomes. Derived from the world's largest database of clinical lab results, our diagnostic insights reveal new avenues to identify and treat disease, inspire healthy behaviors and improve health care management. Quest annually serves one in three adult Americans and half the physicians and hospitals in the United States, and our 45,000 employees understand that, in the right hands and with the right context, our diagnostic insights can inspire actions that transform lives. www.QuestDiagnostics.com.
50th Anniversary: In 2017, Quest Diagnostics celebrates 50 years of life-changing results. To learn about our legacy of accomplishments and quest to improve healthcare in the future, visit www.QuestDiagnostics.com/50Years.
View original content with multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/quest-diagnostics-supports-suit-against-hhs-charging-that-cms-ignored-congressional-intent-in-implementing-new-clinical-lab-payment-system-300569577.html
Denny Moynihan, Quest Diagnostics (Media): 973-520-2800, or Shawn Bevec, Quest Diagnostics (Investors): 973-520-2900


It all may have started with the number of fingers. To write a full post about a particularly random number between, say 1 to 10, is, of course, a fool's run. But, as your uncle Bob once said, after having a few at the local water hole, 'life ain't worthy without taking chances,' while tossing you up in the air. We're taking the fifth and running with it.
Constitutionally, as you may remember, the expression is often associated with tax dodgers, counselor-instructed crime bosses and your garden-variety white-collar crook. Historically, though, it may have had its defining moment during the 1950s, with Senator Joseph McCarthy-led infamous witch hunt of many fine American artists and intellectuals and their supposedly illegal activities.
For those who need a refresher, the Fifth is the amendment of the U.S. Constitution designed to protect the accused of self-incrimination, and of being 'deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.' It's often associated with the Miranda Warning, given by the police to criminal suspects, before they can be interrogated in the presence of an attorney.
Such association is not casual and stems from the 1966 case of Ernesto Miranda, who was arrested for stealing $8, and told the cops he'd also kidnapped and raped a woman a few days earlier. He was neither told that he could have a lawyer present during questioning, nor that he had the right to remain silent.
Miranda was promptly convicted based on his confession and sentenced to twenty years in prison. But, as his lawyers appealed, the Supreme Court eventually ruled that his self-incriminating statement was not admissible in court and that law enforcement officials must establish safeguards to protect this right of the individual being questioned. Thus the Miranda ruling.
As for McCarthy, surprise surprise, he succumbed to its own paranoia, was censured by the Senate in 1954, and died of alcohol-related hepatitis three years later. The damage he caused was already irreversible to many movie professionals, though, as Hollywood slammed its doors to them, helped by secret files that the likes of Ronald Reagan and others compiled on them.


Limited edition. Card holder in coral-coloured niloticus crocodile skin on the exterior surfaces and coral-coloured calfskin on the central pocket, golden hot stamped Cartier signature on the central pocket, two flat pockets on the surfaces. Dimensions: 80 mm high x 110 mm wide. Cartier always seeks to perfect the harmony of each one of its creations. Because of this, the carat weight and the number of precious stones can vary slightly from piece to piece. Please do not hesitate to contact our sales team should you require any further information regarding our creations.


A few weeks back I was lucky enough to be invited to a cooking event hosted by Young's Seafood. It was taking place at a fantastic cookery school location 'L'atelier des Chefs' in London, only down the road from where I work. I've really enjoyed the food events I've been to recently so I was really looking forward to this one because I love fish but am stuck in a rutt with the kinds of things I do with it - my two staples are salmon fillet with an asian kind of marinade and the other one is just plain old boring smoked haddock on its own cooked in butter. And in terms of Isla's fish consumption, this is limited to the odd fish finger and I was keen to find out if these are considered nutritious!
On the day I met some other lovely mummy bloggers and we all got stuck in to the eating of Chef Serge Nollent's creations and at the end split into two teams to see if we could easily follow the two recipes he had made. We also had the fantastic Seafood specialist, Duncan Lucas on hand to show us how to skin, fillet and de bone fish.
It's good for heart health! Omega 3 keeps your blood cholesterol in check. Omega 3 isn't easily made by our bodies, so fish is a good source.
We should all eat fish at least twice a week - but for us pregnant ladies we should make sure we don't eat fish that are associated with heavy metals like Swordfish and Marlin.
- Roast Cod with Cider Braised Leeks, Peas and Pancetta - separate post for this recipe coming soon - my attempt at home left the plates clean, so I can only assume the OH loved it!
They were all so quick and easy to make and prior to each dish, Duncan prepared the fish for Serge to cook. They were a great duo and had an excellent working relationship. The eating was the best bit and all were divine!
At the end we were split into two teams, Team Cod making the cod dish and Team Haddock making guess what.... the haddock dish! We both got stuck in and quickly saw that there is no excuse not to cook more fish at home - it really is so fast to knock up something tasty.
The session was rounded off nicely with a big goody bag full of Young's Fish and also a hefty big piece of fresh cod that Ducan had sliced up that day. It was a very fun, informative and mouth watering session and really made me see that there is so much that can be done with fish and you don't need to be master chef to do it - Serge made it look so easy!
Thanks to all at Young's for inviting me and to Serge, Duncan and Clare for making it a great session!
I too loved the cod dish, i made it for my husband and he licked the plate clean!
Lollibop Update and Ticket Giveaway!
Mamas and Papas Maternity Wear - Lucky Me!