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If we allow the garnishment of NSI's services in this case because those services create a contractual right to use a domain name, we believe that practically any service would be garnishable. For example, if a satellite television customer prepaid the fee for a particular channel subscription, Umbro's position would allow garnishment of the subscription service. We also are concerned that a decision to uphold the garnishment at issue would be opening the door to garnishment of corporate names by serving a garnishment summons on the State Corporation Commission since the Commission registers corporate names and, in doing so, does not allow the use of indistinguishable corporate names.
This decision was subject to a strong dissent by Senior Justice Compton. Justice Compton opined that a domain name was a form of intangible personable property. Under Virginia law, such property is subject to garnishment to the extent the debtor has a possessory interest therein. The dissent opined that "the judgment debtor, by virtue of the domain name registration agreements with NSI, has a current possessory interest in the use of the domain names, that is, a contractual right to the exclusive use of the names it has registered with NSI." Accordingly, the dissent would affirm the ruling of the lower court, and hold that the domain name at issue was subject to garnishment.
The full text of this decision can be found on a web site maintained by the State of Virginia Judicial System.


Fri Sep 23 - The Shire quarterly birthday dinner over at the local Mongolian BBQ was a lovely success, as always. And I was fortunate that I had enough birthday cards in my box of cards. So I just stopped off at the local Barnes & Noble and got gift cards for everyone. The only person I had a gift for in advance was Morgana, because when I bought a set of 8 Anglo-Saxon medieval lead spinning whorls, I was purposefully not showing them to Morgana because I knew I wanted to give one to her. I'd already made a gift of one to Eichling (in honor of the ancient spinning whorl she'd given me, years ago) and one to another close friend at the Dyestuffs Retreat (who gets a personal religious/spiritual experience out of ancient and lovely artifacts, so how could I *not* give her one?). I still don't know to whom I plan to give many of the other whorls, I just know which one I'm always keeping for myself and which ones have gift potential.
In fact, as an aside, when I was buying things on eBay to replace all my spinning, I saw many "whole lots" (or sets) of artifacts—spinning whorls, ancient coins, thimbles—and I think it might be fun to purchase more things like this on a regular basis, simply so I can have unique and amazing SCA gifts on hand, all the time. I love the idea of being able to give someone a true medieval artifact. I'll have to remember to do this when I have a few dollars every now and then.
I'll need to set aside some time this weekend to work on thank you cards for all my birthday gifts. I had a lovely time.
Work was a bit more scattered than usual since I had put off filing emails in all their appropriate folders for some time. But I'm happy to say that all 363 read emails in my inbox are now filed or discarded, yippee. My boss has done some wonderful things with the schedule and our deadlines, and even though my schedule is now booked out through January, there are only two projects on the list. So I'm the furthest booked with the shortest printed assignment. She and I laughed at the printout, as if it were a work of art to be admired and ooh'ed and ahh'ed over.
The head of our department is turning 50 Monday (although we're all joking that it's her 25th bday, not her 50th) so we had a company-paid-for luncheon at a nice Thai food restaurant. This, of course, took up almost two hours of our day, traveling there, lingering over lunch, meandering back—which just added to my "did I even get anything done today" feeling. But I had a fabulous Pad Thai Tofu and a to-die-for yummy coconut milk soup (Tom Ka Gai). I even "converted" my co-worker to Tom Ka Gai over Miso Soup—she actually sent her miso back to order tom ka gai instead, and then purchased a huge order of tom ka gai to take home with her at the end of the meal.
The soup (and all the appetizers for the table) were so filling that I had nearly my entire pad thai order in a to-go box, which was really convienent since I was spending the evening sitting in traffic. Nate was flying home from 2-weeks in New York (he's a third-mate and a tug-boat operator, so wherever/whenever he gets a job, he heads out to sea to work). I picked him up from the local small airport (yea!) but this did mean sitting in traffic for quite a while.
Since I had several hours to kill before meeting someone else for coffee, I finally got to do something I have never done—wander around the Santa Monica Third Street Promenade. One of the clean-up-my-desk tasks that I did this morning was to find all the gift cards in my wallet, purse, and day runner and check all the card balances either with 800- numbers or online registries. (Did you know that most gift cards have a hotline where you can phone in and see what the balance of the card is?) I had nearly $78 on three Sears cards that had been in my day runner for almost five years now, plus a bunch of gift cards from this year's birthday. So I parked at the Promenade and wandered down to the Sears opposite the mall at the end of Third Street. I found a really comfy pair of leather flats that can double with my SCA garb as "shoes that almost look historically period" or "the toes of these shoes look fine under a floor-length linen dress" for only $15 on clearance. Yea me! Then I finally found a watch that both fit me nicely AND that I really liked the look of, for under $50, so I still have about $8 on my gift cards to use some day. Whee! Free money!
The flat shoes were a necessity because I certainly wasn't going to be able to enjoy walking up and down the Promenade in my office heels for several hours. Once I had those purchases in hand, I went back to my car and dropped off my large knapsack and my heels, and wandered back. I enjoyed watching several street shows, picked up a soy latté, and then just hung out waiting for Saul to arrive. (He'd been having dinner with his parents, and Santa Monica is one of his favorite hang outs, so it was a great place to meet for coffee since I was in the area dropping off Nate.) I found a ring vendor out on the street who had some silver knot-work rings that reminded me a lot of the rings I wear, and I needed to replace one ring that I had given away in friendship. I found a lovely one with a braid pattern, right as Saul arrived. So we went meandering the Promenade for a while.
We found a gaming store and ooh'ed and ahh'ed over all the puzzles and games and action figures together. Then I found a period historical game that he and Ben really wanted for their Gaming Inn that was easily within my budget. (Nate had owed me some money, maybe a month or so ago, and had unexpectedly been able to pay me when I picked him up this evening. So it was like having free money again that I was never counting on having. Whee!) So I've made my first donation to the Inn, and that's really cool.
We also wandered the Borders Bookstore where I found two paperbacks I'd really been wanting, and Saul felt good that he spent *less* than $100 on his purchases (this is after sternly turning down many many purchases he really *wanted* to add to his stack of books). Then we wandered over to a Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf and got cold drinks to sip out on the patio, and got to finally talk about gaming. I've never really played a lot of role-playing games, although in college sometimes I would pinch-hit and sub for someone some evenings, and when I was married sometimes I'd hang out at their campaigns and listen to the play. But Ben, Erika, Saul, and I are going to do a silly little gaming quest together, and Saul and I got to work out some of the details. It's definitely going to be silly, and fun to finally really learn what that's all about. Plus it's a fun opportunity to hang out with the three "owners" of the Gaming Inn, all of whom are really cool people.
Tomorrow is "Collegium"—an event entirely devoted to classes and workshops, so it's time to crash asleep and head out early in the morning.


text:
Spanish flu - The 1918 influenza pandemic
January 14, 2020 Mysterious_world No comments
About a hundred years ago, in September 1918, there was an outbreak of such a terrible disease, which had affected about 500 million people around the world and according to an estimate, 20 million to 50 million victims lost their lives, including some 675,000 Americans. It was 3% to 6% of the entire global population at that time and these numbers were more than those killed in world war 1. The dreaded disease we are talking about is known as Spanish Flu 1918. It was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus. It is a virus that attacks the respiratory system. This flu killed more people in 24 weeks than HIV/AIDS killed in 24 years, and more in a year than the Black Death killed in a century. Actually, no one knows exactly where and how this disease started, but behind its nickname "Spanish flu", a story is told that the thirteenth ruler of Spain named King Alfonso was also suffered from this disease and that's why people gave it the nickname of Spanish flu. Apart from this, people tell another story behind its nickname that at the time when this disease had spread, World War 1 was going through its last phase and because of this, the countries which were involved in this war stopped the broadcasting of their news. But Spain was not involved in this war, that's why Spain told the world about this disease through its news broadcasting and many people believe that due to the spread of this news through Spain, this disease was named Spanish Flu.
Before this flu, all the severe diseases that people had faced, in that, children, old people or those who were already ill, had the highest death rate because the immune system of such people is very weak and the infection spreads very quickly in them. But the Spanish flu had exactly the opposite effects because the deaths of people between 20 and 40 years were getting the highest and the doctors of that time were also very surprised by these results and therefore this flu was considered one of the deadliest epidemics in human history. As we have told earlier, when and how this disease started, no one is aware of it properly, but many people have said different things about its fatal attack. Some people consider it to have originated from china while Historian Alfred W. Crosby claimed that the flu originated in the Kansas state of the U.S when on 4 March 1918, the military cook Albert Gitchell was found infected with the virus. And soon after this, the disease spread to 522 more men at the camp. Later, when science progressed a little, it was discovered that this disease originated in a nonhuman, mammalian species, which went further to pig and then humans.
When scientific research was done on some dead bodies, the reason behind the outbreak of the flu was very surprising because it was found that the virus could be caused by the patient sneezing or coughing. A person who touches something with the virus on it and then touches his mouth, eyes or nose can become infected. After this people started wearing masks on their mouths. Also, public places, including theaters, churches, and schools were shut down to control the disease. The effect of this flu was highest in America, Europe, Brazil and also in India. The disease killed in every area of the globe. As many as 17 million people died in India, about 5% of the population. Some doctors and scientists said that in this flu, patients turn blue, suffocating from a lack of oxygen as lungs filled with a frothy, bloody substance. However, since the understanding of the people of that time and the suggestion of the doctors, this disease appeared to be decreasing very rapidly and after two years, it became almost nil. But in the future, many diseases related to the same virus continued, such as Swine Flu, Bird Flu, but as science progressed, these diseases were not allowed to spread too much.
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Bill Cosby Found Guilty Of Three Counts Of Aggravated Indecent Assault
Bill Cosby sentenced to 3-10 years in state prison
Cox Media Group National Content Desk
NORRISTOWN, PA. —
A judge sentenced comedian Bill Cosby to three to 10 years in state prison Tuesday, five months after a jury found him guilty of drugging and molesting a onetime friend in 2004.
>> Read more trending news
Judge Steven O'Neil handed down the sentence after ruling earlier Tuesday that Cosby, 81, is a "sexually violent predator." The designation means he will have to undergo lifetime counseling and report regularly to authorities.
Here are the latest updates:
Update 7:50 a.m. EDT Sept. 26: Authorities released a new mugshot of Bill Cosby "dressed in prison blues," WTXF reported early Wednesday.
Related: Bill Cosby mugshots released, actor imprisoned at SCI Phoenix
Dressed in prison blues, Bill Cosby newest mugshot just released @FOX29philly pic.twitter.com/7E1eWuBnz6
— Steve Keeley (@KeeleyFox29) September 26, 2018
Update 6:10 p.m. EDT Sept. 25: Bill Cosby has left the Montgomery County Correctional Facility in Eagleville, Pennsylvania, according to local media reports, where he was taken directly after his sentencing Tuesday.
He has been moved to a state prison, the State Correctional Institution at Phoenix, CNN reported, where he'll undergo testing and evaluations which will help authorities determine a permanent placement for him.
Every inmate goes through the process, which could take months.
Cosby was sentenced to as many as 10 years in prison on three counts of aggravated indecent assault against former friend and victim Andrea Constand.
This is Bill Cosby as he is being transferred to a state correctional institution @NBCPhiladelphia #CosbySentencing #MontcoPa pic.twitter.com/6uPy1DhL74
— Deanna Durante (@deannadurante) September 25, 2018
Dozens of women had accused Cosby of drugging and raping them dating back to the 1970s.
Update 5:45 p.m. EDT Sept. 25: Bill Cosby is being moved to the state correctional facility after his sentencing Tuesday afternoon.
Several news outlets have posted his jail booking photo on social media.
Breaking Bill Cosby being moved to state correctional facility with in the hour - below is his booking photo @NBCPhiladelphia pic.twitter.com/4uxGWEntFE
Once he's checked into prison, officials will issue him the following: prison attire, one blanket, two sheets, one towel, one washcloth, one hygiene kit (containing a toothbrush, tooth paste, a bar of soap, shampoo, deodorant, a pen and a comb), according to WCAU-TV.
Update 4 p.m. EDT Sept. 25: Montgomery County District Attorney Kevin Steele said Tuesday that he was "pleased" with the "fair and significant sentence" handed down to Cosby on Tuesday.
"He used his acting skills and endearing TV personality to win over his victims and then keep them silent about what he did to them," Steele said. "Finally, Bill Cosby has been unmasked."
"He used his acting skills and an endearing TV personality to win over his victims and then keep them silent," Kevin Steele, Montgomery County DA says. "Finally, Bill Cosby has been unmasked" #tictocnews pic.twitter.com/FXUxLwg0qA
— TicToc by Bloomberg (@tictoc) September 25, 2018
He praised Andrea Constand, who was drugged and molested by Cosby in 2004, for her steadfast resolve in seeing the actor prosecuted.
"We are all better off because she is in our lives," Steele said. "She's been through an ordeal these past 14 years and she's been solid and steadfast. She's been a rock. She's done the right thing over, and over, and over again."
Related: Bill Cosby sentenced to prison: Read Andrea Constand's impact statement
Constand said in a victim-impact statement released Tuesday that life as she knew it "came to an abrupt halt" in January 2004, after she was drugged and sexually assaulted by Cosby.
"After the assault, I wasn't sure what had actually happened, but the pain spoke volumes," she said. "The shame was overwhelming. Self-doubt and confusion kept me from turning to my family or friends as I normally did. I felt completely alone, unable to trust anyone, including myself."
She said that she is still grappling with fallout from the incident.
Update 3:40 p.m. EDT Sept. 25: A spokeswoman for the Montgomery County District Attorney's Office told The Associated Press that Cosby will be held at the county jail for a few days before he's taken too SCI Phoenix, a new state prison outside of Philadelphia.
Related: 5 things to know about Bill Cosby, his prison sentence, victim Andrea Constand
"(There) staff will assess his physical, medical and security needs," the AP reported. "Cosby could end up in a long-term medical care unit."
Update 3:30 p.m. EDT Sept. 25: Cosby's publicist, Andrew Wyatt, called his client's trial "the most racist and sexist trial in the history of the United States" after a judge sentenced him Tuesday to three to 10 years in state prison.
Wyatt said jurors never heard of Cosby's history as a pillar in the community during his trial. The comedian did not take the stand during the proceedings.
"Mr. Cosby knows that God is watching over him. He knows that these are lies," Wyatt said. "They persecuted Jesus and look what happened. (I'm) not saying Mr. Cosby is Jesus, but we know what this country has done to black men for centuries."
Cosby publicist: "They persecuted Jesus and look what happened."
Reporter: "Did Jesus sexually assault women?"
Cosby publicist: "Did you sexually assault women?" pic.twitter.com/cU0G0i5LtM
Wyatt said Cosby and Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh, who has been accused by at least two women of sexual misconduct, are victims of a "sex war."
"What is going on in Washington today with Judge Kavanaugh is part of that sex war that Judge O'Neil along with his wife are a part of," Wyatt said.
Bill Cosby's publicist, Andrew Wyatt, claims both Cosby and Brett Kavanaugh are victims of "a sex war" that is "going on in Washington today." pic.twitter.com/jRHOjzUZD7
— Aaron Rupar (@atrupar) September 25, 2018
Update 3 p.m. EDT Sept. 25: Cosby kept his gaze down after Tuesday's sentencing hearing as he was escorted from the courtroom with his hands handcuffed in front of him.
Bill Cosby walking out of the courtroom in handcuffs: pic.twitter.com/qkf6dSVwnJ
— Philip Lewis (@Phil_Lewis_) September 25, 2018
Attorney Gloria Allred, who represents 32 women who have accused Cosby of sexual assault, said the court sent an "important message" with Cosby's sentence.
"This is a very important day," she said. "Judgement day has come."
Update 2:20 p.m. EDT Sept. 25: O'Neil denied bail for Cosby after handing down his sentence Tuesday, according to WHYY.
BREAKING: Judge will not grant bail pending appeal.
Bill Cosby is expected to be handcuffed and taken away to a cell very shortly.
The courtroom is quiet.
Andrea Constand and other Cosby accusers looking straight ahead expressionless.
— Bobby Allyn (@BobbyAllyn) September 25, 2018
Cosby's attorneys had argued for bail, the news station reported.
"I've imposed sentencing at this stage," O'Neil told Cosby's attorneys, according to KYW-TV. "If you want to take it up with another court, you can."
Related: Bill Cosby found guilty in sexual assault trial
Update 2:10 p.m. EDT Sept. 25: O'Neil sentenced Cosby to three to 10 years imprisonment Tuesday.
Bill Cosby sentenced to 3 to 10 years in state prison.
— Montgomery County DA (@MontcopaDA) September 25, 2018
Bill Cosby's sentence also included $25,000 fine and cost of prosecution.
Cosby will serve out his sentence in state prison, WHYY reported.
BREAKING: Judge says Bill Cosby will be sentenced to state prison.
Prosecutors had asked for a sentence of five to 10 years in prison while the defense asked for Cosby to be sent home on house arrest.
Cosby was convicted in April of three counts of aggravated indecent assault. A jury determined that Cosby drugged and molested Andrea Constand, who then worked as the director of operations for Temple University's women's basketball team, in 2004 at his suburban Philadelphia home.
Related: Camille Cosby says 'mob justice, not real justice' led to Bill Cosby's sexual assault conviction
O'Neil earlier deemed Cosby a "sexually violent predator." The designation means he will have to register as a sex offender and undergo counsel for the rest of his life.
Cosby's conviction was the first of a celebrity accused of sexual misconduct in the #MeToo era.
Update 12:35 p.m. EDT Sept 25: O'Neil told people gathered in court Tuesday that he will announce Cosby's sentence at 1:30 p.m., The Philadelphia Inquirer reported.
Judge: Bill Cosby is a "sexually violent predator." His sentence will be issued at 1:30 p.m.
— Laura McCrystal (@LMcCrystal) September 25, 2018
Update 12:15 p.m. EDT Sept. 25: Andrea Constand said in a victim-impact statement released Tuesday that life as she knew it "came to an abrupt halt" in January 2004, after she was drugged and sexually assaulted by Cosby.
Constand was working as director of operations for Temple University's women's basketball team after a professional stint with a team in Italy when the assault happened. She said the incident made her feel powerless and left her with years of unrelenting pain, stress and anxiety.
Related: Temple University rescinds Bill Cosby's honorary degree after sexual assault conviction
"When the sexual assaulted happened, I was a young woman brimming with confidence and looking forward to a future bright with possibilities," she wrote. "Now, almost 15 years later, I'm a middle-aged woman who's been stuck in a holding pattern for most of her adult life, unable to heal fully or to move forward."
Andrea Constand spoke very briefly yesterday, but submitted a much longer victim impact statement. Here it is in full: pic.twitter.com/Y0QCxpjoMl
— julia reinstein 🚡 (@juliareinstein) September 25, 2018
Cosby was found guilty in April of drugging and molesting Constand in 2004. The guilty verdict came less than a year after another jury deadlocked on the same charges.
Cosby's conviction marked the first of a celebrity in the #MeToo era. A judge is expected to hand down the comedian's sentence Tuesday.
Update 11:45 a.m. EDT Sept. 25: A judge ruled Tuesday that Cosby is a "sexually violent predator," meaning that he will have to undergo lifetime counseling and report regularly to authorities, according to The Associated Press.
The classification means that Cosby must undergo lifetime counseling and report quarterly to authorities. His name will appear on a sex-offender registry sent to neighbors, schools and victims. https://t.co/GtDq7Rpjbl
— The Associated Press (@AP) September 25, 2018
The designation was made Tuesday by Judge Steven O'Neill on the second day of a two-day sentencing hearing for Cosby. Prosecutors are asking that the 81-year-old get five to 10 years in prison for drugging and molesting Andrea Constand in 2004. Cosby's attorneys have asked for house arrest.
Update 8:55 a.m. EDT Sept. 25: Cosby arrived at the courthouse Tuesday morning to start the second day of his sentencing hearing on charges of aggravated indecent assault.
Bill Cosby just arrived to MontCo Court House. Judge expected to hand down sentence today. pic.twitter.com/i3PVhP8uXX
— Katherine Scott (@KScott6abc) September 25, 2018
Cosby's spokesman, Andrew Wyatt, told The Associated Press that the 81-year-old comedian doesn't plan to make a statement in court. Cosby did not testify at either of his trials.
Related: 'The Cosby Show' reruns are gone from Bounce TV
Prosecutors are asking for a sentence of five to 10 years in prison. His attorney wants the judge to send Cosby home on house arrest, saying he's too old and frail for prison.
Update 5:30 p.m. EDT Sept. 24: Comedian Bill Cosby could see less than 4 years in jail after the judge Monday merged the three counts of aggravated indecent assault Cosby was convicted of into one for sentencing purposes because the counts were all connected to one event, according to news outlets. Cosby may not even see any jail time based on criminal guidelines in Pennsylvania and the fact that he has no previous record. He was facing as much as 30 years behind bars.
Bill Cosby to get less than three years behind bars for 2004 rape, says judge https://t.co/prmWR14YSc pic.twitter.com/D9NpqL10Oj
— Yahoo News (@YahooNews) September 24, 2018
Also during proceedings Monday, victim Andrea Constand and members of her family delivered impact statements.
Related: Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences expels Bill Cosby and Roman Polanski
Constand said she just wants "justice" in the case, according to CNN.
"I have testified, I have given you my victim impact statement. You heard me, the jury heard me and Mr. Cosby heard me. All I'm asking for is justice as the court sees fit," Constand said in court.
Her mother, father and older sister also delivered impact statements.
The defense has not called any witnesses, yet, including Bill Cosby, but could tomorrow.
Original report: Cosby, 81, could spend the rest of his life behind bars. He is facing as many as 30 years in prison, although state guidelines for someone like Cosby, who does not have any prior convictions, call for between one and four years in prison.
The sentencing hearing will begin with testimony about Cosby's sex offender evaluation and whether he should be deemed a sexually violent predator. That would make him subject to lifetime counseling and community notification.
A jury found Cosby guilty in April 2018 of drugging and molesting onetime friend Andrea Constand in 2004. Constand was in court Monday for Cosby's sentencing hearing.
Cosby was convicted on three counts of aggravated indecent assault, making his the first conviction of a celebrity accused of sexual misconduct in the #MeToo era.
The guilty verdict came less than a year after another jury deadlocked on the same charges.
Jurors deliberated for more than 52 hours over six days in June 2017, but they couldn't reach a unanimous decision on whether Cosby drugged and molested Constand at his suburban Philadelphia home, The Associated Press reported.
Bill Cosby arrives for his sentencing hearing at the Montgomery County Courthouse, Monday, Sept. 24, 2018, in Norristown, Pa.
Photo: AP Photo/Matt Slocum
Cosby maintained that he and Constand shared a consensual sexual encounter. Cosby's attorney said Constand was a "con artist" who leveled false accusations against the comedian so that she could sue him.
Dozens of women have made high-profile accusations that Cosby had drugged and assaulted them, but Constand's case was the only one to result in criminal charges against Cosby.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.


RE: The tariff classification of women's pullovers from China.
In your letter dated May 29, 1992, you requested a tariff classification ruling.
You submitted two samples with the same style number, style ST805S. The garments are women's oversized pullovers constructed from 100% cotton, finely knit fabric that measures more than 9 stitches per 2 centimeters in the horizontal direction. The pullovers feature round necklines; long, hemmed sleeves and hemmed bottoms. Your samples are being returned as requested.
The applicable subheading for the pullovers will be 6110.20.2075, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS), which provides for women's sweaters, pullovers and similar items, knitted: of cotton: other. The rate of duty will be 20.7% ad valorem.
The garments fall within textile category designation 339. Based upon international textile trade agreements, products of China are subject to visa requirements and quota restraints.


text:
Commenced in January 2007 Frequency: Monthly Edition: International Paper Count: 21
Determination of the Thermophysical Characteristics of the Composite Material Clay Cement Paper
A. Ouargui, N. Belouaggadia, M. Ezzine
In Morocco, the building sector is largely responsible for the evolution of energy consumption. The control of energy in this sector remains a major issue despite the rise of renewable energies. The design of an environmentally friendly building requires mastery and knowledge of energy and bioclimatic aspects. This implies taking into consideration of all the elements making up the building and the way in which energy exchanges take place between these elements. In this context, thermal insulation seems to be an ideal starting point for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, thermal insulation seems to be an ideal starting point for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this work is to provide some solutions to reduce energy consumption while maintaining thermal comfort in the building. The objective of our work is to present an experimental study on the characterization of local materials used in the thermal insulation of buildings. These are paper recycling stabilized with cement and clay. The thermal conductivity of these materials, which were constituted based on sand, clay, cement; water, as well as treated paper, was determined by the guarded-hot-plate method. It involves the design of two materials that will subsequently be subjected to thermal and mechanical tests to determine their thermophysical properties. The results show that the thermal conductivity decreases as well in the case of the paper-cement mixture as that of the paper-clay and seems to stabilize around 40%. Measurements of mechanical properties such as flexural strength have shown that the enrichment of the studied material with paper makes it possible to reduce the flexural strength by 20% while optimizing the conductivity.
Building, composite material, insulation, thermal conductivity, paper residue.
Feasibility Study of Friction Stir Welding Application for Kevlar Material
Ahmet Taşan, Süha Tirkeş, Yavuz Öztürk, Zafer Bingül
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a joining process in the solid state, which eliminates problems associated with the material melting and solidification, such as cracks, residual stresses and distortions generated during conventional welding. Among the most important advantages of FSW are; easy automation, less distortion, lower residual stress and good mechanical properties in the joining region. FSW is a recent approach to metal joining and although originally intended for aluminum alloys, it is investigated in a variety of metallic materials. The basic concept of FSW is a rotating tool, made of non-consumable material, specially designed with a geometry consisting of a pin and a recess (shoulder). This tool is inserted as spinning on its axis at the adjoining edges of two sheets or plates to be joined and then it travels along the joining path line. The tool rotation axis defines an angle of inclination with which the components to be welded. This angle is used for receiving the material to be processed at the tool base and to promote the gradual forge effect imposed by the shoulder during the passage of the tool. This prevents the material plastic flow at the tool lateral, ensuring weld closure on the back of the pin. In this study, two 4 mm Kevlar® plates which were produced with the Kevlar® fabrics, are analyzed with COMSOL Multiphysics in order to investigate the weldability via FSW. Thereafter, some experimental investigation is done with an appropriate workbench in order to compare them with the analysis results.
Analytical modeling, composite materials welding, friction stir welding, heat generation.
Sintering of Composite Ceramic based on Corundum with Additive in the Al2O3-TiO2-MnO System
Aung Kyaw Moe, Lukin Evgeny Stepanovich, Popova Nelya Alexandrovna
In this paper, the effect of the additive content in the Al2O3-TiO2-MnO system on the sintering of composite ceramics based on corundum was studied. The samples were pressed by uniaxial semi-dry pressing under 100 MPa and sintered at 1500 °С and 1550 °С. The properties of composite ceramics for porosity and flexural strength were studied. When the amount of additives increases, the properties of composite ceramic samples are better than samples without additives.
Ceramic, composite material, sintering, corundum.
Power and Wear Reduction Using Composite Links of Crank-Rocker Mechanism with Optimum Transmission Angle
Khaled M. Khader, Mamdouh I. Elimy
Reducing energy consumption became the major concern for all countries of the world during the recent decades. In general, power saving is currently the nominal goal of most industrial countries. It is well known that fossil fuels are the main pillar of development of world countries. Unfortunately, the increased rate of fossil fuel consumption will lead to serious problems caused by an expected depletion of fuels. Moreover, dangerous gases and vapors emission lead to severe environmental problems during fuel burning. Consequently, most engineering sectors especially the mechanical sectors are looking for improving any machine accompanied by reducing its energy consumption. Crank-Rocker planar mechanism is the most applied in mechanical systems. Besides, it is one of the most significant parts of the machines for obtaining the oscillatory motion. The transmission angle of this mechanism can be considered as an optimum value when its extreme values are equally varied around 90°. In addition, the transmission angle plays an important role in decreasing the required driving power and improving the dynamic properties of the mechanism. Hence, appropriate selection of mechanism links lengthens, which assures optimum transmission angle leads to decreasing the driving power. Moreover, mechanism's links manufactured from composite materials afford link's lightweight, which decreases the required driving torque. Furthermore, wear and corrosion problems can be treated through using composite links instead of using metal ones. This paper is dealing with improving the performance of crank-rocker mechanism using composite links due to their flexural elastic modulus values and stiffness in addition to high damping of composite materials.
Composite material, crank-rocker mechanism, transmission angle, design techniques, power saving.
Crashworthiness Optimization of an Automotive Front Bumper in Composite Material
S. Boria
In the last years, the crashworthiness of an automotive body structure can be improved, since the beginning of the design stage, thanks to the development of specific optimization tools. It is well known how the finite element codes can help the designer to investigate the crashing performance of structures under dynamic impact. Therefore, by coupling nonlinear mathematical programming procedure and statistical techniques with FE simulations, it is possible to optimize the design with reduced number of analytical evaluations. In engineering applications, many optimization methods which are based on statistical techniques and utilize estimated models, called meta-models, are quickly spreading. A meta-model is an approximation of a detailed simulation model based on a dataset of input, identified by the design of experiments (DOE); the number of simulations needed to build it depends on the number of variables. Among the various types of meta-modeling techniques, Kriging method seems to be excellent in accuracy, robustness and efficiency compared to other ones when applied to crashworthiness optimization. Therefore the application of such meta-model was used in this work, in order to improve the structural optimization of a bumper for a racing car in composite material subjected to frontal impact. The specific energy absorption represents the objective function to maximize and the geometrical parameters subjected to some design constraints are the design variables. LS-DYNA codes were interfaced with LS-OPT tool in order to find the optimized solution, through the use of a domain reduction strategy. With the use of the Kriging meta-model the crashworthiness characteristic of the composite bumper was improved.
Composite material, crashworthiness, finite element analysis, optimization.
Detection of Defects in CFRP by Ultrasonic IR Thermographic Method
W. Swiderski
In the paper introduced the diagnostic technique making possible the research of internal structures in composite materials reinforced fibres using in different applications. The main reason of damages in structures of these materials is the changing distribution of load in constructions in the lifetime. Appearing defect is largely complicated because of the appearance of disturbing of continuity of reinforced fibres, binder cracks and loss of fibres adhesiveness from binders. Defect in composite materials is usually more complicated than in metals. At present, infrared thermography is the most effective method in non-destructive testing composite. One of IR thermography methods used in non-destructive evaluation is vibrothermography. The vibrothermography is not a new non-destructive method, but the new solution in this test is use ultrasonic waves to thermal stimulation of materials. In this paper, both modelling and experimental results which illustrate the advantages and limitations of ultrasonic IR thermography in inspecting composite materials will be presented. The ThermoSon computer program for computing 3D dynamic temperature distribuions in anisotropic layered solids with subsurface defects subject to ulrasonic stimulation was used to optimise heating parameters in the detection of subsurface defects in composite materials. The program allows for the analysis of transient heat conduction and ultrasonic wave propagation phenomena in solids. The experiments at MIAT were fulfilled by means of FLIR SC 7600 IR camera. Ultrasonic stimulation was performed with the frequency from 15 kHz to 30 kHz with maximum power up to 2 kW.
Composite material, ultrasonic, infrared thermography, non-destructive testing.
Dynamic Analysis of Composite Doubly Curved Panels with Variable Thickness
I. Algul, G. Akgun, H. Kurtaran
Dynamic analysis of composite doubly curved panels with variable thickness subjected to different pulse types using Generalized Differential Quadrature method (GDQ) is presented in this study. Panels with variable thickness are used in the construction of aerospace and marine industry. Giving variable thickness to panels can allow the designer to get optimum structural efficiency. For this reason, estimating the response of variable thickness panels is very important to design more reliable structures under dynamic loads. Dynamic equations for composite panels with variable thickness are obtained using virtual work principle. Partial derivatives in the equation of motion are expressed with GDQ and Newmark average acceleration scheme is used for temporal discretization. Several examples are used to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results are compared with finite element method. Effects of taper ratios, boundary conditions and loading type on the response of composite panel are investigated.
Generalized differential quadrature method, doubly curved panels, laminated composite materials, small displacement.
Non-Destructive Testing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic by Infrared Thermography Methods
Composite materials are one answer to the growing demand for materials with better parameters of construction and exploitation. Composite materials also permit conscious shaping of desirable properties to increase the extent of reach in the case of metals, ceramics or polymers. In recent years, composite materials have been used widely in aerospace, energy, transportation, medicine, etc. Fiber-reinforced composites including carbon fiber, glass fiber and aramid fiber have become a major structural material. The typical defect during manufacture and operation is delamination damage of layered composites. When delamination damage of the composites spreads, it may lead to a composite fracture. One of the many methods used in non-destructive testing of composites is active infrared thermography. In active thermography, it is necessary to deliver energy to the examined sample in order to obtain significant temperature differences indicating the presence of subsurface anomalies. To detect possible defects in composite materials, different methods of thermal stimulation can be applied to the tested material, these include heating lamps, lasers, eddy currents, microwaves or ultrasounds. The use of a suitable source of thermal stimulation on the test material can have a decisive influence on the detection or failure to detect defects. Samples of multilayer structure carbon composites were prepared with deliberately introduced defects for comparative purposes. Very thin defects of different sizes and shapes made of Teflon or copper having a thickness of 0.1 mm were screened. Non-destructive testing was carried out using the following sources of thermal stimulation, heating lamp, flash lamp, ultrasound and eddy currents. The results are reported in the paper.
Non-destructive testing, IR thermography, composite material, thermal stimulation.
Investigation of Stability of Functionally Graded Material when Encountering Periodic Loading
M. Amiri
In this work, functionally graded materials (FGMs), subjected to loading, which varies with time has been studied. The material properties of FGM are changing through the thickness of material as power law distribution. The conical shells have been chosen for this study so in the first step capability equations for FGM have been obtained. With Galerkin method, these equations have been replaced with time dependant differential equations with variable coefficient. These equations have solved for different initial conditions with variation methods. Important parameters in loading conditions are semi-vertex angle, external pressure and material properties. Results validation has been done by comparison between with those in previous studies of other researchers.
Impulsive semi-vertex angle, loading, functionally graded materials, composite material.
Large-Scale Production of High-Performance Fiber-Metal-Laminates by Prepreg-Press-Technology
Christian Lauter, Corin Reuter, Shuang Wu, Thomas Troester
Lightweight construction became more and more important over the last decades in several applications, e.g. in the automotive or aircraft sector. This is the result of economic and ecological constraints on the one hand and increasing safety and comfort requirements on the other hand. In the field of lightweight design, different approaches are used due to specific requirements towards the technical systems. The use of endless carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) offers the largest weight saving potential of sometimes more than 50% compared to conventional metal-constructions. However, there are very limited industrial applications because of the cost-intensive manufacturing of the fibers and production technologies. Other disadvantages of pure CFRP-structures affect the quality control or the damage resistance. One approach to meet these challenges is hybrid materials. This means CFRP and sheet metal are combined on a material level. Therefore, new opportunities for innovative process routes are realizable. Hybrid lightweight design results in lower costs due to an optimized material utilization and the possibility to integrate the structures in already existing production processes of automobile manufacturers. In recent and current research, the advantages of two-layered hybrid materials have been pointed out, i.e. the possibility to realize structures with tailored mechanical properties or to divide the curing cycle of the epoxy resin into two steps. Current research work at the Chair for Automotive Lightweight Design (LiA) at the Paderborn University focusses on production processes for fiber-metal-laminates. The aim of this work is the development and qualification of a large-scale production process for high-performance fiber-metal-laminates (FML) for industrial applications in the automotive or aircraft sector. Therefore, the prepreg-press-technology is used, in which pre-impregnated carbon fibers and sheet metals are formed and cured in a closed, heated mold. The investigations focus e.g. on the realization of short process chains and cycle times, on the reduction of time-consuming manual process steps, and the reduction of material costs. This paper gives an overview over the considerable steps of the production process in the beginning. Afterwards experimental results are discussed. This part concentrates on the influence of different process parameters on the mechanical properties, the laminate quality and the identification of process limits. Concluding the advantages of this technology compared to conventional FML-production-processes and other lightweight design approaches are carried out.
Composite material, Fiber metal laminate, Lightweight construction, Prepreg press technology, Large-series production.
Field Trial of Resin-Based Composite Materials for the Treatment of Surface Collapses Associated with Former Shallow Coal Mining
Philip T. Broughton, Mark P. Bettney, Isla L. Smail
Effective treatment of ground instability is essential when managing the impacts associated with historic mining. A field trial was undertaken by the Coal Authority to investigate the geotechnical performance and potential use of composite materials comprising resin and fill or stone to safely treat surface collapses, such as crown-holes, associated with shallow mining. Test pits were loosely filled with various granular fill materials. The fill material was injected with commercially available silicate and polyurethane resin foam products. In situ and laboratory testing was undertaken to assess the geotechnical properties of the resultant composite materials. The test pits were subsequently excavated to assess resin permeation. Drilling and resin injection was easiest through clean limestone fill materials. Recycled building waste fill material proved difficult to inject with resin; this material is thus considered unsuitable for use in resin composites. Incomplete resin permeation in several of the test pits created irregular 'blocks' of composite. Injected resin foams significantly improve the stiffness and resistance (strength) of the un-compacted fill material. The stiffness of the treated fill material appears to be a function of the stone particle size, its associated compaction characteristics (under loose tipping) and the proportion of resin foam matrix. The type of fill material is more critical than the type of resin to the geotechnical properties of the composite materials. Resin composites can effectively support typical design imposed loads. Compared to other traditional treatment options, such as cement grouting, the use of resin composites is potentially less disruptive, particularly for sites with limited access, and thus likely to achieve significant reinstatement cost savings. The use of resin composites is considered a suitable option for the future treatment of shallow mining collapses.
Composite material, ground improvement, mining legacy, resin.
Mechanical Testing of Composite Materials for Monocoque Design in Formula Student Car
Erik Vassøy Olsen, Hirpa G. Lemu
Inspired by the Formula-1 competition, IMechE (Institute of Mechanical Engineers) and Formula SAE (Society of Mechanical Engineers) organize annual competitions for University and College students worldwide to compete with a single-seat racecar they have designed and built. Design of the chassis or the frame is a key component of the competition because the weight and stiffness properties are directly related with the performance of the car and the safety of the driver. In addition, a reduced weight of the chassis has direct influence on the design of other components in the car. Among others, it improves the power to weight ratio and the aerodynamic performance. As the power output of the engine or the battery installed in the car is limited to 80 kW, increasing the power to weight ratio demands reduction of the weight of the chassis, which represents the major part of the weight of the car. In order to reduce the weight of the car, ION Racing team from University of Stavanger, Norway, opted for a monocoque design. To ensure fulfilment of the competition requirements of the chassis, the monocoque design should provide sufficient torsional stiffness and absorb the impact energy in case of possible collision. The study reported in this article is based on the requirements for Formula Student competition. As part of this study, diverse mechanical tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties and performances of the monocoque design. Upon a comprehensive theoretical study of the mechanical properties of sandwich composite materials and the requirements of monocoque design in the competition rules, diverse tests were conducted including 3-point bending test, perimeter shear test and test for absorbed energy. The test panels were homemade and prepared with equivalent size of the side impact zone of the monocoque, i.e. 275 mm x 500 mm, so that the obtained results from the tests can be representative. Different layups of the test panels with identical core material and the same number of layers of carbon fibre were tested and compared. Influence of the core material thickness was also studied. Furthermore, analytical calculations and numerical analysis were conducted to check compliance to the stated rules for Structural Equivalency with steel grade SAE/AISI 1010. The test results were also compared with calculated results with respect to bending and torsional stiffness, energy absorption, buckling, etc. The obtained results demonstrate that the material composition and strength of the composite material selected for the monocoque design has equivalent structural properties as a welded frame and thus comply with the competition requirements. The developed analytical calculation algorithms and relations will be useful for future monocoque designs with different lay-ups and compositions.
Composite material, formula student, ion racing, monocoque design, structural equivalence.
An Overview of Corroded Pipe Repair Techniques Using Composite Materials
K. S. Lim, S. N. A. Azraai, N. M. Noor, N. Yahaya
Polymeric composites are being increasingly used as repair material for repairing critical infrastructures such as building, bridge, pressure vessel, piping and pipeline. Technique in repairing damaged pipes is one of the major concerns of pipeline owners. Considerable researches have been carried out on the repair of corroded pipes using composite materials. This article attempts a short review of the subject matter to provide insight into various techniques used in repairing corroded pipes, focusing on a wide range of composite repair systems. These systems including pre-cured layered, flexible wet lay-up, pre-impregnated, split composite sleeve and flexible tape systems. Both advantages and limitations of these repair systems were highlighted. Critical technical aspects have been discussed through the current standards and practices. Research gaps and future study scopes in achieving more effective design philosophy are also presented.
Composite materials, pipeline, repair technique, polymers.
Effects of Different Fiber Orientations on the Shear Strength Performance of Composite Adhesive Joints
Ferhat Kadioglu, Hasan Puskul
A composite material with carbon fiber and polymer matrix has been used as adherent for manufacturing adhesive joints. In order to evaluate different fiber orientations on joint performance, the adherents with the 0°, ±15°, ±30°, ±45° fiber orientations were used in the single lap joint configuration. The joints with an overlap length of 25 mm were prepared according to the ASTM 1002 specifications and subjected to tensile loadings. The structural adhesive used was a two-part epoxy to be cured at 70°C for an hour. First, mechanical behaviors of the adherents were measured using three point bending test. In the test, considerations were given to stress to failure and elastic modulus. The results were compared with theoretical ones using rule of mixture. Then, the joints were manufactured in a specially prepared jig, after a proper surface preparation. Experimental results showed that the fiber orientations of the adherents affected the joint performance considerably; the joints with ±45° adherents experienced the worst shear strength, half of those with 0° adherents, and in general, there was a great relationship between the fiber orientations and failure mechanisms. Delamination problems were observed for many joints, which were thought to be due to peel effects at the ends of the overlap. It was proved that the surface preparation applied to the adherent surface was adequate. For further explanation of the results, a numerical work should be carried out using a possible non-linear analysis.
Composite materials, adhesive bonding, bonding strength, lap joint, tensile strength.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Corrugated-GFRP Infill Panels
WooYoung Jung, HoYoung Son
This study presented to reduce earthquake damage and emergency rehabilitation of critical structures such as schools, hightech factories, and hospitals due to strong ground motions associated with climate changes. Regarding recent trend, a strong earthquake causes serious damage to critical structures and then the critical structure might be influenced by sequence aftershocks (or tsunami) due to fault plane adjustments. Therefore, in order to improve seismic performance of critical structures, retrofitted or strengthening study of the structures under aftershocks sequence after emergency rehabilitation of the structures subjected to strong earthquakes is widely carried out. Consequently, this study used composite material for emergency rehabilitation of the structure rather than concrete and steel materials because of high strength and stiffness, lightweight, rapid manufacturing, and dynamic performance. Also, this study was to develop or improve the seismic performance or seismic retrofit of critical structures subjected to strong ground motions and earthquake aftershocks, by utilizing GFRP-Corrugated Infill Panels (GCIP).
Composite material, GFRP, Infill Panel, Aftershock, Seismic Retrofitting.
Shielding Effectiveness of Rice Husk and CNT Composites in X-Band Frequency
Y. S. Lee, F. Malek, E. M. Cheng, W. W. Liu, F. H. Wee, M. N. Iqbal, Z. Liyana, B. S. Yew, F. S. Abdullah
This paper presents the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of rice husk and carbon nanotubes (RHCNTs) composites in the X-band region (8.2-12.4 GHz). The difference weight ratio of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were mix with the rice husk. The rectangular waveguide technique was used to measure the complex permittivity of the RHCNTs composites materials. The complex permittivity is represented in terms of both the real and imaginary parts of permittivity in X-band frequency. The conductivity of RHCNTs shows increasing when the ratio of CNTs mixture increases. The composites materials were simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio simulation software. The shielding effectiveness of RHCNTs and pure rice husk was compared. The highest EMI SE of 30 dB is obtained for RHCNTs composites of 10 wt % CNTs with 10mm thickness.
EMI Shielding effectiveness, Carbon nanotube, Composite materials, Waveguide, X-band.
The Anti-Noise and Anti-Wear Systems for Railways
Brigita Altenbaher
In recent years there has been a continuous increase of axle loads, tonnage, train speed and train length which has increased both the productivity in the rail sector and the risk of rail breaks and derailments. On the other hand, the environmental requirements (e.g. noise reduction) for railway operations will become tighter in the future. In our research we developed a new composite material which does not change braking properties, is capable of taking extremely high pressure loads, reduces noise and is environmentally friendly. Part of our research was also the development of technology which will be able to apply this material to the rail. The result of our research was the system which reduces the wear out significantly and almost completely eliminates the squealing noise at the same time, and by using only one special material.
Active protection, composite material, lubrication, noise reduction, reduction at source, railway.
Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Columns
Madi Rafik, Guenfoud Mohamed
In recent years, rehabilitation has been the subject of extensive research due to increased spending on building work and repair of built works. In all cases, it is absolutely essential to carry out methods of strengthening or repair of structural elements, and that following an inspection analysis and methodology of a correct diagnosis. The reinforced concrete columns are important elements in building structures. They support the vertical loads and provide bracing against the horizontal loads. This research about the behavior of reinforced concrete rectangular columns, rehabilitated by concrete liner, confinement FRP fabric, steel liner or cage formed by metal corners. It allows comparing the contributions of different processes used perspective section resistance elements rehabilitated compared to that is not reinforced or repaired. The different results obtained revealed a considerable gain in bearing capacity failure of reinforced sections cladding concrete, metal bracket, steel plates and a slight improvement to the section reinforced with fabric FRP. The use of FRP does not affect the weight of the structures, but the use of different techniques cladding increases the weight of elements rehabilitated and therefore the weight of the building which requires resizing foundations.
cladding, Rehabilitation, reinforced concrete columns, confinement, composite materials.
Producing New Composite Materials by Using Tragacanth and Waste Ash
Yasar Bicer, Serif Yilmaz
In present study, two kinds of thermal power plant ashes; one the fly ash and the other waste ash are mixed with adhesive tragacanth and cement to produce new composite materials. 48 new samples are produced by varying the percentages of the fly ash, waste ash, cement and tragacanth. The new samples are subjected to some tests to find out their properties such as thermal conductivity, compressive strength, tensile strength and sucking capability of water. It is found that; the thermal conductivity decreases with increasing amount of tragacanth in the mixture. The compressive, tensile strength increases when the rate of tragacanth is up to 1%, whilst as the amount of tragacanth increases up to 1.5%, the compressive, tensile strength decreases slightly. The rate of water absorption of samples was more than 30%. From this result, it is concluded that these materials can not be used as external plaster or internal plaster material that faces to water. They can be used in internal plaster unless touching water and they can be used as cover plaster under roof and riprap material in sandwich panels. It is also found that, these materials can be cut with saw, drilled with screw and painted with any kind of paint.
Fly ash, tragacanth, cement, composite material.
Design and Analysis of an Automobile Bumper with the Capacity of Energy Release Using GMT Materials
A.R. Mortazavi Moghaddam, M. T. Ahmadian
Bumpers play an important role in preventing the impact energy from being transferred to the automobile and passengers. Saving the impact energy in the bumper to be released in the environment reduces the damages of the automobile and passengers. The goal of this paper is to design a bumper with minimum weight by employing the Glass Material Thermoplastic (GMT) materials. This bumper either absorbs the impact energy with its deformation or transfers it perpendicular to the impact direction. To reach this aim, a mechanism is designed to convert about 80% of the kinetic impact energy to the spring potential energy and release it to the environment in the low impact velocity according to American standard1. In addition, since the residual kinetic energy will be damped with the infinitesimal elastic deformation of the bumper elements, the passengers will not sense any impact. It should be noted that in this paper, modeling, solving and result-s analysis are done in CATIA, LS-DYNA and ANSYS V8.0 software respectively.
Bumper, Composite material, Energy Release, GMT, Impact
Studies on Automatic Measurement Technology for Surface Braided Angle of Three-Dimensional Braided Composite Material Performs
This paper describes a new measuring algorithm for three-dimensional (3-D) braided composite material .Braided angle is an important parameter of braided composites. The objective of this paper is to present an automatic measuring system. In the paper, the algorithm is performed by using vcµ6.0 language on PC. An advanced filtered algorithm for image of 3-D braided composites material performs has been developed. The procedure is completely automatic and relies on the gray scale information content of the images and their local wavelet transform modulus maxims. Experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible. The algorithm was tested on both carbon-fiber and glass-fiber performs.
Three-Dimensional composite material, Mathematical morphology.


Selected originals (offcuts, selected scenes, out-takes, rushes) for story "Who's Who at Zoo?" - 60/64.
Various shots of Chi-Chi the giant panda in pit at London Zoo, being fed and brushed etc. by keeper in the pit. Various shots children in paddleboats at Chessington Zoo, and animals being paraded around the grounds. Shots of water fowl and others caged animals in the zoo. More scenes of Chi-Chi at London Zoo playing with keeper. Scenes of Porgy the Polar bear who recently lost his mate at Chessington Zoo. More scenes of Chi-Chi in pit at London Zoo.


A recombinant enzyme (also known as a monoterpene synthase or cyclase) from the grand fir (Abies grandis) requires Mn2+ and K+ for activity. Mg2+ is essentially ineffective as the divalent metal ion cofactor.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of spike lavender is carried out and the transgenic Lavandula latifolia plants express the limonene synthase gene from Mentha spicata. Expression of limonene synthase in transgenic spike lavender results in an altered monoterpene composition in developing leaves, but does not consistently affect essential oil profile in pooled leaves and flowers of transgenic generation T0.
Croteau, R.; Alonso, W.R.; Koepp, A.E.; Shim, J.H.; Cane, D.E.
Bohlmann, J.; Steele C.L.; Croteau, R.
Colby, S.M.; Alonso, W.R.; Katahira, E.J.; McGarvey, D.J.; Croteau, R.
Yuba, A.; Yazaki, K.; Tabata, M.; Honda, G.; Croteau, R.
Alonso, W.R.; Rajaonarivony, J.I.M.; Gershenzon, J.; Croteau, R.
Rajaonarivony, J.I.M.; Gershenzon, J.; Croteau, R.
Alonso, W.R.; Crock, J.E.; Cotreau, R.
Adam, K.P.; Crock, J.; Croteau, R.
Turner, G.; Gershenzon, J.; Nielson, E.E.; Froehlich, J.E.; Croteau, R.
Rajaonarivony, J.I.M.; Gershenzon, J.; Miyazaki, J.; Croteau, R.
Maruyama, T.; Ito, M.; Kiuchi, F.; Honda, G.
Schwab, W.; Williams, D.C.; Davis, E.M.; Croteau, R.
Schwab W.;Williams DC, Croteau R.
Gunnewich, N.; Page, J.E.; Kollner, T.G.; Degenhardt, J.; Kutchan, T.M.
Byun-McKay, A.; Godard, K.A.; Toudefallah, M.; Martin, D.M.; Alfaro, R.; King, J.; Bohlmann, J.; Plant, A.L.
Hyatt, D.C.; Youn, B.; Zhao, Y.; Santhamma, B.; Coates, R.M.; Croteau, R.B.; Kang, C.
Munoz-Bertomeu, J.; Ros, R.; Arrillaga, I.; Segura, J.
Bohlmann, J.; Phillips, M.; Ramachandiran, V.; Katoh, S.; Croteau, R.
Ohara, K.; Matsunaga, E.; Nanto, K.; Yamamoto, K.; Sasaki, K.; Ebinuma, H.; Yazaki, K.
Dolzhenko, Y.; Bertea, C.M.; Occhipinti, A.; Bossi, S.; Maffei, M.E.
J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol.
Alonso-Gutierrez, J.; Chan, R.; Batth, T.S.; Adams, P.D.; Keasling, J.D.; Petzold, C.J.; Lee, T.S.
Fukushima, A.; Nakamura, M.; Suzuki, H.; Saito, K.; Yamazaki, M.


text:
Enagás net profits up slightly
LNG Industry, Tuesday, 19 April 2016 14:15
Enagás has announced a 0.5% increase in net profit in 1Q16 to €101.2 million, compared to the corresponding period of last year. This result is in line with the objectives that the company set for the year.
Enagás attributed the increase to the contribution of stakes acquired in 2015.
The company's net borrowing stood at €4.146 billion at the end of 1Q16, and financial resources totalled €2.330 billion. Enagás said that it is in a solid financial situation to continue moving towards the achievement of its strategic targets.
During 1Q16, the company invested a total of €71.9 million, with investment in Spain totalling €11.7 million. Ongoing international projects accounted for the remaining €60.2 million.
At the end of March 2016, Enagás signed an agreement for the acquisition of a 1.64% stake in Transportadora de Gas de Perú (TgP) from the Peruvian company Graña y Montero for a total of US$31.9 million. The agreement, which is subject to the possible exercise of the right of first refusal by other shareholders, would involve increasing Enagás' stake in TgP from 24.34% to 25.98%.
Enagás added that the conventional demand for natural gas in Spain for domestic-commercial and industrial consumption grew by 1% in 1Q16 compared to the same period in 2015. The company attributed the increase to the 1.8% growth in demand for gas in industry.
Read the article online at: https://www.lngindustry.com/regasification/19042016/enagas-net-profits-up-slightly-2310/


Chul Kim Receives IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society (SSCS) Predoctoral Achievement Award for 2017-18.
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society (SSCS) Predoctoral Achievement Award for 2017-18.
Chul Kim, a Bioengineering PhD graduate student in the Jacobs School of Engineering, will be receiving the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society (SSCS) Predoctoral Achievement Award for 2017-18. The award will be conferred at the 2018 International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), the society's flagship conference, and a profile on Chul's accomplishments will be featured in the Spring 2018 issue of the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine as well as on the SSCS website. Chul is being recognized for his work on engineering design and clinical application of biomedical integrated circuits and systems towards high-density, high-resolution neural interfaces for minimally invasive neurological monitoring and therapeutics.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Education GONE TOO SOON!!! 17-Year-Old Girl Who Got 7 A1s In WAEC Dies
GONE TOO SOON!!! 17-Year-Old Girl Who Got 7 A1s In WAEC Dies
GONE TOO SOON!!! 17-Year-Old Girl Who Got 7 A1s In WAEC Dies—-According to report from a Facebook user, Michael Okoli , a Seventeen year old Nigerian girl, Chisom Chukwuneke, who made straights A's in the 2019 West African Senior School Certificate Examination is dead over undisclosed sickness.
The Genius Media Nigeria reports that Chisom was one of the brilliant student who got 7 A1s in WAEC. She also emerged as the best student from her school, Graceland college in Enugu and was inducted in to the school's hall of fame in 2019.
The Facebook user revealed that Chisom lost her life following an undisclosed sickness which started off as a leg pain but became severe over the year.
He also said that the deceased parents flew her out of the country to South Africa for treatment in other to safe her life but unfortunately she didn't survive the sickness.
The Parents of Chisom Chukwuneke, the best student from her school with 7 A1 in WAEC exams last year are deep in mourning.
The parents lost their daughter who scored 7 A1 in her WEAC Examination last year. The young girl whose name is Chisom Chukwuneke, was the best graduating student in her school last year. She won many awards in her school, and now death has caught short the life of this Young girl.
"The father of the Girl who is a Professor, shared a very touching story of how his daughter died. He shared the story on his Facebook account. According to what he posted, the young girl started complaining of having a pain in the leg. And just like every father that desires the best for their child, he decided to fly her to South Africa because he didn't have trust in the medical system of this country.
"At first, they were happy with her recovery rate, but they never knew it was going to end like this. They started treatment there in South Africa, and they were fighting the sickness that started as a leg pain, and later grew into something else for over a year. The father talked about his late daughter's character, and how she was strong and did her best to fight the sickness. He even talked about the gift his daughter promised him before his birthday, he didn't know that the gift will be her death.
Chisom was reportedly sick and was already making a recovery before she died.
A photo of her as she sat on her hospital bed has been shared online.
Her obituary reveals she died on October 18 in a hospital in South Africa.
She will be buried on Tuesday, December 1, in Okpuno village, Umuogali, Oba, Idemili South Anambra state.
17-Year-Old Girl Who Got 7 A1s In WAEC Dies
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text:
CLUB MOURNS FORMER PRESIDENT
Fechin McCormick
JOHN STALKER, former club chairman from 2000 -06 ...died on 15th February 2019 aged 79. Like so many, John came to Sale Harriers through his daughters Colette and Francine. Progressively he became involved in coaching Primary youngsters and hosted Primary section meetings in his home in Northenden. Clearly a man of immense ability, he was elected Club chairman in 1988, a post he held until 1995. In 2000 he was elected President and wrote in the Harrier , "It's a great honour to be elected President. I will make sure our great club is not found wanting as we take the run up to the Manchester Commonwealth Games." (Issue 36).
Older members will remember John as the deputy chief constable of Gtr. Manchester who was controversially removed in 1982 as head of an investigation into the alleged secret 'shoot-to-kill' policy operated by the Royal Ulster Constabulary against IRA terrorist suspects. It was a huge national controversy in which he found himself up against increasing resistance and obstruction from members of the RUC. He was taken off the case at the moment he believed he was about to obtain an MI5 tape of one of the shootings.
He was just as often in the public spotlight after his retirement from the police in 1987 as he was while still a serving officer; carving out a career in the media as an expert on policing, appearing on crime-related TV shows including Crimestalker and writing his autobiography.
John was one of life's gentlemen. Despite his demanding responsibilities outside the club, he was dedicated to Sale Harriers and was approachable, mild-mannered, sociable and down-to earth. Above all he was an efficient administrator who brilliantly represented the club especially in negotiating sponsorships.
Sale Harriers extends condolences to his two daughters, six grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. His wife Stella died in 2017.
The funeral will be held at St Peter's Church, Oughtrington Lane, Lymm on Friday 1st March 2019 at 10.45. The church service will be followed by a burial at the Dunham Lawn cemetery Altrincham, which is next to the Dunham Crematorium, and then lunch at The Swan with Two Nicks where everyone is welcome to help us celebrate the life of a wonderful man.
Family flowers only – any donations will go to the St Rocco's Hospice where John spent his final few days.


Many of our member companies offer public tours of their aggregate production facilities. Click on the link below to find out how to contact them. Click on the link below to find out how to contact them.
stone crusher the production of aggregates. production process of aggregates Mining, production process of aggregates . aggregates production process. impact crusher, mobile crusher for crushing stone, get price Profile on the Production of Crushed Stone Aggregates.
rocks stones for aggregate production - parhamschool.org. Trap rock, i.e. basalt or diabase, has a variety of uses. A major use for basalt is crushed rock for road and housing construction in concrete, macadam, and paving stones.
Annual Consumption of Crushed Stone Aggregates in, Crushed stone is a construction material typically produced by mining a suitable rock deposit and breaking the removed rock down to the desired aggregate size Crushed stone is a key material for road base and surface construction, railroad ballast and concrete production for housing construction .
Aggregate is a term for any particulate material. Includes gravel, crushed stone, sand, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. It may be natural, manufactured or recycled. Includes gravel, crushed stone, sand, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates.
Our aggregate rock products are used in a variety residential, commercial and industrial construction projects. ACG Materials also produces specialty cements, plasters, and several calcium sulfate products. Our production and distribution facilities strategically located throughout the US.
Decorative stones such as quartzite, small river stones or crushed glass are sometimes added to the surface of concrete for a decorative "exposed aggregate" finish, popular among landscape designers. In addition to being decorative, exposed aggregate may add robustness to a concrete.
Construction aggregate, or simply "aggregate", is a broad category of coarse particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, and recycled concrete. Aggregates are a component of composite materials such as concrete and asphalt concrete; the aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to the overall composite material.
As the old adage goes, "a journey of 1,000 miles begins with a single step." From an aggregate perspective, however, one could say, "an aggregate operation begins with a single stone."


25 x Regular Duty Metal Self Drive Fixings with 25 No.8 screws. Drill and fix in one with these fast effective fixings for use in plasterboard.
This great fixing cuts the job in half. With a power drill, the fixing simply drives into the wall.


Having established that a "Regular Customer" is a business' bread and butter – a reliable source of income – the question becomes: how does a business create a regular customer? Why does the regular customer keep coming back? What makes them The Regular?
In previous articles, we've brushed on many reasons why customers return to stores. Essentially, those articles have been the prelude to answering the question: how do stores generate loyal customers? I'm not talking about customers who visit on occasion; this is about the Regular Customer. A 'regular customer' is a person who habitually returns to a store over a prolonged period of time.
What is a 'regular customer'?
It is easier to spot a regular customer in a hospitality situation than in a retail store. Food and drinks are something that are more readily consumed than clothes, shoes, or makeup: a regular customer may come back every Wednesday, for example, purely based on the fact that that's the day they have to wait for their daughter to finish ballet practice. A regular customer may swing by every morning on their way to work to pick up a standing order – large latte with two sugars and a cinnamon scroll. A regular customer is the sort of customer you can rely on to be in your store on a regular basis, almost like clockwork.
That is not to say that regular customers show up only at 'scheduled' times. Regular customers have built your business into their lives; it's a habit for them to visit your shop. However, they may also show up unexpectedly, out of cycle, so to speak. Why? Because your shop is the first one that comes to mind when they require your type of products or services: if you've gone to the same hair salon for a year on a regular basis and you suddenly need a quick style for a special event, it's unlikely that you'll go to a different hair salon.
What it comes down to is that humans are creatures of habit. They rarely stray out of their routines or zones of comfort, and that is something businesses can build on to create regular customers.
How do I create regular customers?
What do my customers want when they come into my store?
Are my customers young/old/middle-aged? How should this affect my service style and/or decor?
Am I stocking the products that the demographic is after?
These are some of the things businesses should be asking to come to know who their customers are.
Once a firm grasp on the demographic, its desires, and its needs has been established you can start to zone in on what it is that your regular customer might want. It's often easier to look at your regulars – every business has at least one – and see why it is that they keep coming back. Is it the convenient location of your storefront? Or do they like the music you play? The friendly service?
Not all regular customers will have the same reasons, and you might find that they don't even know themselves why they keep coming back. Most people can be considered 'part of the herd', meaning they'll follow the crowd. If friends, coworkers, or acquaintances have recommended your business, that might be enough of a reason for them to keep coming back – even if their experiences haven't always been 100% positive.
For example, there used to be a bakery near where I lived in Melbourne, several years ago. It was always packed to the rafters with families, individuals, all manner of people of all walks of life – the consensus was that the coffee was terrible and the pastry was passable, and yet it was always full. Why? It had a convenient location, right on the main street; more importantly than that, however, was its history: it had been the only bakery in miles for decades, and as a result, people had simply grown accustomed to coming there, regardless of the quality of the food.
Eventually, the bakery went broke when a new bakery moved in across the street – the quality was great, the service was even better. It took a little more than a year, and the new place struggled, but eventually, through word of mouth and some great marketing the new place stole the majority of the regular customers away from the old bakery – primarily the younger demographic which hadn't grown up with the old bakery and weren't as attached to it.
In other words, it's not always easy to nail down what it is that brings a regular customer back. It could just be a historical habit, built on generations of going to the same place; or it could be location and convenience, you could just sell the best product in the street, or you offer the best customer service in the area.
This last element, providing the customer service experience that people want, is by far the best way to generate customer loyalty, advocacy, and beat your competition. Anyone can sell what you're selling, no matter how unique you think your product is, but no one can copy your customer service experience.
The Value of an Engaged Employee: Why every company needs as many as they can get!
Corporate Social Responsibility: Should we bother?


text:
Bloomfield Collegiate School is a controlled grammar school for girls in Ballyhackamore in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

History
Bloomfield was founded in 1905, one of a number of private school foundations of that era. It was originally proprietary (owned by the headmistress), co-educational, and accepted boarding students. It discontinued co-education in 1915.

House system
Bloomfield has a house system consisting of four houses named after previous headmistresses: Clarke, Curran, Spencer and Walker. The houses are each represented by four colors: blue (Clarke), red (Curran), green (Spencer), and yellow (Walker).

Notable former pupils

Christine Bleakley, television presenter
Gemma Garrett, Miss Great Britain 2008
Thaddea Graham, actress
Naomi Long, prominent politician in Northern Ireland (leader of the Alliance Party, and elected to various positions)
Joan Lingard, novelist
Elaine Shemilt, artist and university professor

References

External links
Bloomfield Collegiate website

Educational institutions established in 1905
Grammar schools in Belfast
Private schools in Northern Ireland
Secondary schools in Belfast

1905 establishments in Ireland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


[Outside Hamburg] On the ICE to Berlin (via Hannover; long story!). Great train system. Eat your heart out, Dean!
[Berlin] Just arriving at Spandau.
[Berlin] Dinner at Mylos: grilled calamari *and* octopus, followed by lamb (of course!).
√ Kaffee und The Guardian is a very important morning ritual.
Feeling decidedly uncool as we are eating this inside … unlike everyone else (it's only 14°). Blankets provided!
On the way to Potsdam via S-bahn. Incredible transit system here!
√ The Guardian. Finally, after a two day drought!
Dinner at Panne degli Angelli. Great atmosphere; great meal!


text:
NZ$70
Emily Mwila - Homecoming concert
Sat., 22 January 2022
7:30 pm – 9:00 pm NZDT
Thomas Brown Gallery
568 Speargrass Flat Road
Queenstown, Otago 9371
Returning from New York for just one concert, Emily Mwila will be performing Opera from Mozart, modern American Classics & much more
Returning from New York for one concert only. Emily Mwila will be performing a repertoire of Opera, Artsongs, & other musical gems.
A former semi-finalist in the New Zealand Lexus Songquest, Emily completed a Masters in Vocal Studies at Mannes school of performing arts in New York, where she studied under renowned American Tenor William Burden. (Also a tutor at The Julliard school of music). Since finishing her studies earlier this year, Emily has been performing at the Metropolitan Opera in New York as part of the cast of the Gershwin's Musical Porgy & Bess.
Before leaving for New York, Emily played the lead role of Susannah in The Marriage of Figaro, with Wellingtons Eternity Opera Company.
Tim Stevenson from Theatre Review wrote of her performance:
"The standout exception..is Emily Mwila, who storms the role of Susannah from her first moment on stage & maintains the same high level of command & vocal beauty throughout the night. Her strong acting & superb voice makes a major contribution to the success of the performance."
Award-winning Baritone Tim Burrell will also be performing, both as a solo artist, and in duet with Emily Mwila.
They will be accompanied by pianist Moira Pascoe, who recently completed her masters in collaborative piano at Auckland University where she accompanied the University Choir as Assistant director.
Emily's first concert at the Thomas Brown Gallery left a lasting impression on everyone who attended. Complications due to the Covid pandemic have meant that the 2nd concert has had to be postponed more than once. Now finally the much anticipated concert can go ahead. It will be a night to remember.
Complementary wine & nibbles
Vaccine pass
Emily Mwila - Homecoming concert at Thomas Brown Gallery
568 Speargrass Flat Road, Queenstown, Otago 9371, New Zealand
Browse Queenstown Events


UW Sustainability is hiring for two open positions, a Sustainability Outreach & Events Specialist and a Sustainability Programs Specialist. Both listings are for full time staff positions with the UW Sustainability office.
The Sustainability Outreach & Events Specialist will provide planning, project management, outreach, and communications support for University-wide sustainability events and other outreach-related activities in support of campus sustainability efforts. As a member of the UW Sustainability office team, the Outreach & Events Specialist works cooperatively with students, faculty, and staff at UW to plan and carry out events across campus to promote and guide activities supporting the University's Climate Action Plan and other sustainability goals. Responsibilities include planning, budgeting, programming and delivery of high-profile UW-wide events such as the annual Sustainable UW Festival, Earth Day, and a variety of other campus and community events that require event coordination or tabling. These events are critical for the University's sustainability goals to promote and communicate the institution's key accomplishments, thought-leadership, carbon reduction projects and recognition of staff, student and faculty members who demonstrate leadership with environmental stewardship and sustainability at the University. Planning and execution of these events involve eight months of planning with continuous oversight of event-related duties to ensure events maintain high-profile visibility within the UW community and region.
The Sustainability Programs Specialist will provide program management, planning, outreach, and communications for University-wide sustainability programs, projects, initiatives, and events. As a member of the UW Sustainability team, the Programs Specialist works cooperatively with students, faculty, and staff at UW to lead projects and make connections across campus that promote and guide activities supporting the University's Climate Action Plan and other sustainability goals. Responsibilities include: Lead and manage projects such as the Green Labs and Green Office certifications, and UW Green Teams; lead effort for annual reporting processes for UW and Non-UW reporting organizations; develop and manage project planning; work with Climate Action Plan Project Manager to coordinate communications and presentation material; supervise student hours and communicate UW policies and procedures for all new student hires; supervise internship credits and work with student and faculty advisors to ensure student requirements are met; and coordinate with Campus Sustainability Fund Coordinator to track and support student-led programs and projects.


The Toronto Symphony Orchestra is enjoying a remarkable month of June with guest artists, and innovative and challenging programs worthy of any world stage. Last night's program at Roy Thomson Hall was no exception. It included a spectacular world premiere by Canadian composer Jordan Pal, Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.3 with guest soloist and world renowned pianist Yefim Bronfman, and Beethoven's monumental Symphony No. 3, the 'Eroica'.
The program, the final in the Masterworks Series, began with City in Colours, a recently commissioned work by the TSO written by RBC Affiliate Composer Jordan Pal. It used all the effects the orchestra could possibly muster to create a sound-painting of a modern city. The surprisingly accessible work was rich in warm harmonies, fragments of melody, and of course sudden dissonant, percussive interruptions. The brass section was spread out around the strings from one side of the stage to the other. An array of percussion instruments combined in a variety of ways to create a rich palette of colours. Pal included a newly created instrument called the hand-pan that he found on Facebook. This 'flying saucer' shaped and tuned percussion instrument has what Pal calls a sound of 'metallic warmth'. Built by piano tuner Michael Dragaman, its sound had a unifying effect throughout the piece. Pal has created a compelling work that is worthy of being heard again and again.
The Beethoven concerto that followed achieved its own range of colour and dynamics. Yefim Bronfman, a giant in the world of piano, was in great form. He performed with power, dexterity and passion. The slow movement had a delicacy that drew the audience closer with every note. One could imagine Beethoven himself at the keyboard performing the work. The orchestra responded to his extraordinary energy and created a spirited yet sensitive performance.
Bronfman has been maintaining a frenetic pace of concerts in both North America and Europe this year, performing recitals, chamber music, and concertos with major artists and orchestras. Last week he was in Austria and Germany. After his performances with the TSO this week, he has two days to prepare for New York's Carnegie Hall and then San Francisco with different programs in each city.
In the second half of the program, conductor Peter Oundjian led an intense rendering of the 'Eroica'. As much as Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.3 looked back and perhaps was inspired by Mozart, this work has a new creative spirit that looks forward. Many say that the work was indeed the beginning of the Romantic period. Originally dedicated to Napoleon, the symphony was Beethoven's musical tribute to the struggle to overcome the tyranny of political oppressors. It looked forward to the celebration of freedom he would portray in his ninth symphony. Longer than any previous symphony, the dissonance and syncopations created tensions that reflected Beethoven's inner turmoil and struggles with deafness. Ten notes into the work that begins with two thunderous E flat major chords, a piercing C# with syncopated strings over it foretells the struggles to come. Each of the movements is monumental The orchestra responded with majestic playing. The woodwind solos were played beautifully, especially in the second movement. The three horns, a novel number for its time, were brilliant in the Scherzo. The energy of the Finale was breathtaking. This was Beethoven as one can only imagine when listening to recordings. BRAVO!
On Friday, June 17th, Beethoven's 'Eroica' Symphony will be juxtaposed with Mike Mills' Concerto for Violin, Rock Band and String Orchestra featuring Robert McDuffie (violin) and Mills of R.E.M. on bass guitar.
TORONTO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA with pianist YEFIM BRONFMAN is dazzling!


text:
The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas
Starr Carter struggles to be two different people every day: the Starr who goes to Williamson prep school, who doesn't use slang, who doesn't want to look "ghetto," who is the only African-American girl in her grade, and the Starr who tries to stay true to the community of Garden Heights, a neighborhood riddled with drugs and gangs, but the place that she calls home nonetheless.
When she witnesses her friend Kahlil die after he's shot by the police during a routine traffic stop, Starr must decide if she can can continue living two very different lives -- and also if she can find the strength to find her voice and stand up for Khalil and her neighborhood.
Not only is The Hate U Give an excellent book, but it's also an important and timely one. A must read!