text:
« Martin announces Democratic bid for governor
Biden declares major disaster following Tennessee flooding »
Sexton hires Arnold as chief of staff
Published August 23, 2021 | By Erik Schelzig
Rep. Cameron Sexton presides over his first session as House speaker on Aug. 23, 2019. (Erik Schelzig, Tennessee Journal)
House Speaker Cameron Sexton (R-Crossville) has hired Sammie Arnold, an assistant commissioner at the Department of Economic and Community Development, as his chief of staff.
Arnold's wife, Laine, is Gov. Bill Lee's communications director. His first day in Sexton's office is Sept. 1.
The chief of staff position has been open since Scott Gilmer left in January 2020. Holt Whitt served as interim chief until he was questioned by FBI agents in connection with a raid on three lawmakers' homes and offices in January 2021. Whitt was placed on leave while the investigation was underway. He was hired as a senior adviser in the state Department of Human Resources in July after obtaining a letter from prosecutors saying he was considered a witness.
Here's the full release from Sexton's office.
(NASHVILLE, Tenn.) — Tennessee House Speaker Cameron Sexton (R-Crossville) today announced Sammie Arnold as his new Chief of Staff in the Tennessee House of Representatives.
"I am excited to announce Sammie Arnold as my new Chief of Staff," said Speaker Sexton. "I've known Sammie and his family for several years and have worked with him extensively throughout his time as a staffer with former Gov. Bill Haslam, as well as in his roles with our Department of Economic and Community Development. Sammie's extensive knowledge of our Tennessee communities, experience in public policy, and working with the General Assembly over the years not only makes him a great choice for the position but will ensure a smooth transition without missing a beat."
A native of Dyersburg, Arnold most recently served as Assistant Commissioner of Community and Rural Development for the Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development (TNECD). In this role at TNECD, Arnold was tasked with overseeing the department's efforts to boost investment and development in the state's rural communities, emphasizing Tennessee's distressed and at-risk counties.
"It is an incredible honor to join Speaker Sexton and his team as Chief of Staff in the Tennessee House of Representatives," said Arnold. "I have known and admired Speaker Sexton since he was first elected to the General Assembly, and no one is better equipped than he is to lead this body during this moment of unprecedented opportunity for our state. I look forward to working with him to ensure he and all of our members continue to serve their constituents with the utmost success."
Before joining TNECD, Arnold served as legislative liaison for former Tennessee Gov. Bill Haslam. He was also a staffer on former Gov. Haslam's successful gubernatorial campaign. Arnold earned a Bachelor's Degree in Psychology from Vanderbilt University and his Juris Doctor from the University of Tennessee College of Law. He lives in Nashville with his wife Laine and daughter Magnolia.
His first day as Chief of Staff is Wednesday, Sept. 1, 2021.
Cameron Sexton is the Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives. A former Republican Caucus Chairman, Majority Whip, and House Health Committee Chairman, Sexton resides in Crossville. He is in his sixth term serving House District 25, which includes Cumberland, Putnam, and Van Buren Counties.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged Cameron Sexton, chief of staff, Holt whitt, sammie arnold, Scott Gilmer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sadness in Princeton with announcement that St. Louis School will close July 31
By: Jennifer Willems - June 15, 2017 - Featured Article
St. Louis School in Princeton opened in 1964 and was first served by the Sisters of Mary of the Presentation. Only about 40 students were anticipated for next school year in kindergarten through eighth grade. (The Catholic Post/Jennifer Willems)
PRINCETON — Due to declining enrollment and a shrinking pool of school-age children in the area, St. Louis School will close July 31. Father Jeffrey Stirniman, pastor, made the announcement at meetings with the teachers and staff, and then the school parents on June 12.
Saying this is one of the most difficult things a pastor does, Father Stirniman told the parents Monday evening that the decision was not made lightly.
"It was very, very thorough," he said. "We turned over every stone we could possibly come up with."
Daisies bloom in the "Teacher's Garden" at St. Louis School in Princeton. The plaque acknowledges that "teachers plant the seeds of knowledge that will grow forever." (The Catholic Post/Jennifer Willems)
That included meetings with Bishop Daniel R. Jenky, CSC; Dr. Sharon Weiss, superintendent of Catholic schools for the Diocese of Peoria; Patricia Gibson, chancellor; and Msgr. James Kruse, vicar general. Father Stirniman and Rich Koehler, principal, also consulted with the parish finance council, parish trustees and the Commission on Education.
Strategic planning had indicated that enrollment would continue to decline steadily, as it has for the public schools in Princeton, Peru and Bureau Valley. The rate of acceleration happened in a way no one could foresee, however, Father Stirniman said.
"At the end of last school year, we lost 13 students, bringing us down to 56, kindergarten through eighth grade. This year we basically lost the same," he said. "We were looking at starting the upcoming school year with 40 to 42 students, kindergarten through eighth grade."
That number included everyone they thought would enroll through the summer. At the suggestion of the Office of Catholic Schools, registration was held early and resulted in only 27 students actually signing up.
Father Stirniman said the "red flags" for him included zero enrollment in kindergarten and the loss of four of the seven incoming first-graders for next year.
OTHER "VIABLE OPTIONS"
"Parents are leaving for a variety of reasons," he said, noting that some are leaving Illinois to find better jobs, since there is little business or industry to attract working families to Princeton.
Others are concerned about the need to have more than one grade in a classroom or classes with only one, two or three students, he added.
Some potential and existing families, perhaps anticipating the school's demise, have enrolled their children in neighboring Catholic schools. Not only does this demonstrate that there are "viable options" available, but it prompted Father Stirniman to consider what was best in terms of stewardship.
"By our closing and doing everything we can at St. Louis to segue these parents — Catholic and non-Catholic alike and from other parishes — we are promoting Catholic school education at other places to make them even more viable."
At the meeting, he and Koehler provided a list of six Catholic schools within about 25 miles of Princeton that would be able to welcome the students from St. Louis School. They include: Peru Catholic School in Peru, Trinity Catholic Academy in LaSalle, Holy Family School in Oglesby, Holy Cross School in Mendota, Visitation Catholic School in Kewanee, and St. Malachy School in Geneseo.
OFFERING THANKS
To help with the transition to another school, which he admitted is coming later than he would have liked, Father Stirniman said St. Louis would provide free tuition for one full school year for current students to attend any diocesan elementary school. Through an arrangement made with the Diocese of Peoria, these schools will accept the St. Louis School tuition rate and parents will not be responsible for any additional tuition payments for the 2017-18 school year.
Students who are not Catholic will receive a voucher for $2,790 if they wish to attend another Catholic school in the Diocese of Peoria.
Tuition and fees paid to St. Louis were returned at the June 12 meeting.
The teachers and staff were not forgotten. Father Stirniman has offered to pay them for three more months. Koehler is assisting them in finding new jobs in diocesan schools.
During the parent meeting, which at times was filled with strong emotions and expressions of grief, anger and concern, Father Stirniman said, "We did everything we could. . . . This is the last thing in the world that I and the bishop and everybody else wanted to do."
Weiss echoed that in a statement she made June 12.
"Any superintendent hopes that they never have to close a school; I am certainly no exception in this regard," she said. "It is my sincere hope and my fervent prayer that each student who was enrolled at St. Louis School for the 2017-2018 school year will continue their Catholic education at a neighboring Catholic school.
"To all of the school families, teachers, staff members, alumni, past and present school pastors and principals, and on behalf of our bishop, I express my sincere gratitude for the good work that was begun at St. Louis School and pray will continue to bear much fruit in the days and years ahead," Weiss said. "Thank you."
While schools in the Danville and Ottawa areas have been reconfigured in recent years to form academies of students in pre-kindergarten through high school, the last Catholic school to close in the Diocese of Peoria was St. Mary School in Westville. There were 84 students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade during the final 2009-2010 school year.
St. Louis School opened in 1964 and was served by the Sisters of Mary of the Presentation. A kindergarten was added to grades one through six in 1978, with seventh grade added in 1999, and eighth grade added in 2000. The pre-school opened in the former convent in 2005.
closing, Father Jeffrey Stirniman, Princeton, Rich Koehler, Sharon Weiss, St. Louis School


text:
https://www.politie.nl/gezocht-en-vermist/dossiers/2017/onderzoeknickyverstappen/de-zaak.html - Credit: Photo: Politie
Nicky Verstappen
Jos Brech
DNA kinship investigation
Friday, 24 August 2018 - 15:30
Over 1,000 tips in Dutch boy's murder case
The police received over a thousand tips in the investigation into the murder of 11-year-old Nicky Verstappen in Brunssummerheide in 1998. Around 75 percent of the tips are about the possible whereabouts of 55-year-old suspect Jos Brech, NOS reports.
According to the police, they are still receiving many phone calls. All tips are being investigated. The tips are handled by a special service center, which includes a detective from the Nicky Verstappen investigation team. He examines which tips need to be handled immediately, and which are less urgent.
The police aren't only receiving tips. People are also calling with questions and concerns about the period in which Brech volunteered as a scout or worked at a playgroup, according to the broadcaster.
Brech's online activity is also being scrutinized. RTL Nieuws reports that the man logged on to a German internet forum about bushcrafting on May 23rd. Though whether it was Brech himself, or someone using his login details, can't be said for certain. Crime reporter Peter R. de Vries, whose been following Nicky's case intensely and also assisting his parents, said on Twitter that he got information that Brech "logged in on the internet under a nickname" on April 27th. "That makes his last sign of life a lot more recent. Beautiful. We're getting closer", he said.
The police reported a breakthrough in the Nicky Verstappen case on Wednesday. The 11-year-old boy was found dead near his summer camp in Brunsummerheide in August 1998. Twenty years later, Brech emerged as a suspect based on a DNA kinship investigation. The police believe that Brech is abroad. The man from Simpelveld left for a chalet in the Vosges mountains in France in October last year. He was reported missing by his family in April. His last sing of life was in February, according to the Public Prosecutor.


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Subtitling standards provide continuity in subtitles, which allows the viewer to interpret different colours and formats. Each character has a different colour, and if a speaker makes emphasis on a particular word, we can indicate that with a separate colour within the same subtitle. We always try to let the commercial speak for itself whenever possible, so when there is on-screen text that matches the voice over, we know subtitles aren't necessary.


Forged in the fires of #coffeegeek-dom, our enamel pins stand as the supreme option for leveling up your threads. Pin on some flair then do the thing. The Never Stop Learning set includes our classic NSL head graphic and a brew science hex pin. Pinning one on your shirt collar makes you instantly smarter, if you also happen to have the mutant gene. If you're a normal human, then you'll just look a bit cooler.
These pins are high quality metal, yo. They will hold up well to just about anything you throw at them, though we recommend not running over them with your car or trying to use them to pierce your best friend's septum.


text:
Cadeby Colliery Underground Train Crash – One Killed, Three Hurt
South Yorkshire Times, November 16.
One Killed, Three Hurt in Cadeby Colliery Underground Train Crash
70 men escape in jump for safety.
Two runaway cars crashed into a "Paddy mail" train 2000 feet underground at Cadeby Main Colliery yesterday, killing one man and injuring three others, as about 70 more scattered for safety. The accident happened three quarters of a mile from the pit bottom in the Hague Moor seam as men were getting in and out of the train between the night and day shifts.
56 years old ripper, Mr Walter Bellingham, of 95 Clifton Street, Denaby, who had been on night shift, died after being trapped underneath the train, when the two full mine cars rammed the front of the locomotive.
Married Man.
The dead man – known to his workmates as "Jock" – was married, and he and his wife Phoebe at three married daughters, Kathleen, Margaret and Jean
Mr William Cuniffe (Thursday), who helped to free him, said yesterday: "I heard a rumbling just before it happened. The Paddy had just stopped and men were getting out. If they had been on the train it might not have been so bad."
Mr Cuniffe, a coalface worker, injured his arm in the crash.
Three men were taken to hospital, 2 to Mexborough Montagu,One went to Doncaster Gate Rotherham, among them the train's guard, 19 years old Kenneth Madin of 59, Cliff View, Denaby.
As the impact of the crash pushed the train cars along, his belt became hooked onto the last one. He told his father, Mr Bernard Madin, later, that he thought he was thrown clear.
Kenneth, one of four children, was detained in Hospital with chest injuries and was yesterday said to be "comfortable."
Mr Madin said that his wife and himself were at breakfast when a man called to say there have been an accident and Kenneth was involved. "I went to Mexborough Hospital but the system allow me to see Kenneth for a few minutes," he added.
"Although days he said he would did not feel too bad and then he tried to explain what had happened," commented Mr Madin, himself a former coal miner at Cadeby.
After the action the pitch County were used as an emergency medical centre to treat 36 of the men involved for shock. All were later allowed home. The other man taken to Montagu hospital was 27 years old Kenneth Globe of 11, Creswell Road, Swinton, who was treated for back injuries and allowed home later.
Mr Globe, a power loading operation, married with one young girl, told the "South Yorkshire Times" at his home afterwards that the accident occurred at 7 AM when the dayshift was coming on.
"I really cannot say what happened. All we knew was that two mine cars, filled with dirt, came away, hit the diesel and "paddy mail" while men were getting in and out.
"After the impact, things went flying and caused havoc."
Cadeby Colliery Underground Train Crash – The Inquest Shocking Train Fatality near Conisborough – Lady Leaps from Train Local Colliery Accidents – Conisborough and Denaby Men Killed. the Fatal Accident at Cadeby colliery


text:
Q: How to avoid repeated rows for same values in ManyToOne mapping - Hibernate I have an entity Store which can have a credential.
Credentials can be given by user or can have default value.
The user can choose to enter custom credential.
I have a ManyToOne mapping between Store (as owning side) and Credential.
Store.java
@ManyToOne
@Cascade(org.hibernate.annotations.CascadeType.ALL)
@JoinColumn(name = "storecredential_id")
private Credential storeCredential = new Credential("root","admin123",true);

Credential.java
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "storecredential")
private List<Store> stores;

Problem is I want to have only one row for common credential.
But with this mapping, for every store I create one row for default credentials.
For example, If Store A and Store B have default credential(not user given) , I want to map them to same row.
I thought of having the value as null when default credentials are going to be used, but I''m not sure if its a good practise.
Are there any suggestions to solve this problem?

A: Edit :
I believe you want to store the data this way, for example :
[
 {
   "Store":"A",
   "data":[
           {
             "user":"x",
             "password":"p"
           },
            {
             "user":"y",
             "password":"p"
            }
           ]
},
{
   "Store":"B",
   "data":[
           {
             "user":"x",
             "password":"p"
           },
           {
             "user":"y",
             "password":"p"
           }
         ]
 },
 {
   "Store":"C",
   "data":[
           {
             "user":"x",
             "password":"p"
           },
           {
             "user":"y",
             "password":"p"
            }
           ]
   }
  ]

Code :
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAnyGetter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAnySetter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonPropertyOrder;

@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
@JsonPropertyOrder({
    "user",
    "password"
})
public class Credential {

    @JsonProperty("user")
    private String user;
    @JsonProperty("password")
    private String password;

    @JsonProperty("user")
    public String getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    @JsonProperty("user")
    public void setUser(String user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    @JsonProperty("password")
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    @JsonProperty("password")
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

}

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAnyGetter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAnySetter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonPropertyOrder;

@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
@JsonPropertyOrder({
    "Store",
    "data"
})
public class Example {

    @JsonProperty("Store")
    private String store;
    @JsonProperty("data")
    private List<Credential> data = null;

    @JsonProperty("Store")
    public String getStore() {
        return store;
    }

    @JsonProperty("Store")
    public void setStore(String store) {
        this.store = store;
    }

    @JsonProperty("data")
    public List<Credential> getData() {
        return data;
    }

    @JsonProperty("data")
    public void setData(List<Credential> data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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1 in 2000 babies might well be born with a tooth already present, but for most parents, you can expect your baby to develop their first tooth around 6-10 months old.
Every child is different. Some may get their first tooth around 6 months, others may not develop their first tooth until they are 13 or 14 months old, but come 3 years of age they will usually have their full set of milk teeth.
Taking care of your babies teeth should ideally begin before that first tooth appears.
More important than you might think, the first set of teeth act as placeholders for adult teeth whilst also enabling your child to chew and speak clearly.
To help keep them healthy you need to keep those teeth clean and decay free.
In this article I take a look at the best toothbrushes for newborns, babies and toddlers.
We'll jump straight into our recommendations below, but if you would like more insight and detail when it comes to choosing baby's first toothbrush, check out our buyer's guide a bit further down.
Regularly I am asked, what is the 'best' for X, Y & Z. To be honest, the answer is often personal but, to help you on your way here are my recommendations.
Editor's note: the official version of this product is hard to source in the UK. We ordered ours from Amazon US.
This version on Amazon UK is well-rated, but it is not official and there are some troubling complaints about faults with the product, so do be aware.
Yes, this toothbrush does look like a miniaturised peeled banana, but despite the unconventional look, something about it really works.
Many parents rave about it and I can tell you first hand that my son absolutely loves it.
An award winner, the brush is made from 100% food-grade silicone.
It is dishwasher safe too, so makes for easy sanitising.
The flexible silicone allows for babies to bite into the brush and ease teething pain, whilst the thick bristles at the tip of the brush make contact with teeth and gums to gently scrape away bacteria.
The bold yellow colour captures the attention of the child whilst the peeled skin acts as handles onto which the child can hold.
Your child will not injure themselves when biting down on this and there are no bristles to come loose either.
The design does allow for it to be attached to a dummy clip (pacifier strap) if desired.
Whilst the yellow banana is the classic design, the same quality product is available in other colours such as pink and Blue as well as some slightly different designs, such as corn on the cob.
Do be aware there are many copies/fakes of the original which is made in the USA.
The original should have the Baby Banana branding on the back of the brush and should be manufactured by Live-Right LLC.
You can visit the official Baby Banana website here.
Potentially too large for the mouths of some smaller babies.
You can read our review of the official Baby Banana here.
One of the few electric toothbrushes for babies and toddlers, Brush-Baby have produced an excellent quality brush that helps form good habits from an early age.
The brush uses a single AAA battery to deliver 16,000 strokes per minute to the brush head.
The motion of the bristles help give that extra bit of cleaning power as you move the brush over and around the child's teeth and gums.
A 30 second pacer and 2 minute timer are built into the brush and it even powers off automatically at the end of the 2 minutes.
These are nice features that you normally see on adult brushes, yet here it is for a child.
For the youngest of users, you are unlikely to be able to stick to these timings, but as the child grows, it helps develop good habits.
It is supposed to be suitable for newborns right through to 3 year old children.
2 different sized brush heads are available, a smaller for 0-18 month old kids and a larger head for 18-36 month olds, 1 of each is provided.
Suiting children of different ages it is a nice solution, but not all babies will like the power and sensation it delivers.
The toothbrush head is more prone to breaking as its not made of soft silicone and has a motor inside, so if your child bites on it too hard or throws it, it might not stand the test of time.
A novel feature is a white light that shines up through the clear brush head and helps illuminate inside the child's mouth, giving you a slightly better view of what's going on, a feature I really liked.
Introduced from an early age, you could see real benefits, but most parents will want to wait until the child is a little older and has perhaps gone through the initial stages of teething and learning to brush before investing in this.
Visit the official Brush-Baby website here.
Read our full Brush-Baby BabySonic Review here.
A more conventional toothbrush for your little ones.
Designed to be used on newborns, babies and toddlers up until the age of 2 years old, the Wisdom step by step brush had a small brush head with very soft bristles.
There are even coloured bristles on the head to indicate just how much toothpaste to apply, the reality, is very little – just a smear.
Bold in colour, the yellow and red catches the eye of the child.
The large handle has a waved edge which offers lots of gripping points.
Good for parents and the child alike, the downside is that the handle is made from hard plastic, which is not always so suitable for little hands, who might want something a little softer to squeeze and hold.
Unlike some other designs, this is not a brush you can let you child use as a teether, it is too hard and not designed with this in mind.
The handle is a bit stumpy too, so as a parent, it can be just a touch trickier to move to the very back teeth.
The brush head is small enough that it does not feel too large in the babies mouth, but for those toddlers with nearly all their teeth, you will want to move to a larger head to get a better coverage.
Overall a great value and likeable product.
Check out the official Wisdom website here.
There is a lot to like about the Nuby 4 stage oral care set.
For a start, it is very competitively priced given how much you actually get in the pack, as the name implies 4 different types of toothbrush.
The concept on offer here is fantastic and is essentially an all in 1 solution for taking your baby on their toothbrushing journey. Each brush helps the child evolve and improve their oral health.
Stage 1 silicone massager – This is a finger toothbrush. Fitting over a parents index finger, the clear tube has silicone bristles on 1 side and a series of little raised bumps on the other. This is suitable for the earliest stages of toothbrushing and helps ease tender gums and help get used to the sensation on the gums and mouth tissue.
Stage 2 massaging brush – More like a regular toothbrush, it has a grippy brush handle whilst the brush head is made up of soft tapered bristles on one side and a series of silicone ridges on the other.
Stage 3 Massaging Brush – An evolution of the stage 2 brush, the ridges on the back are thicker, there is shaped silicone around the edge and bristles on the front. Together it helps the toddler establish a good all over clean and experience different sensations.
Stage 4 nylon bristle brush – A full sized toddler toothbrush, the long brush handle is contoured and easy to hold onto with a good sized brush head for cleaning the teeth.
Available in a number of different colours, you can find an option your child likes and need not worry about having to buy replacement brushes as the kit already includes them.
Whilst Nuby suggest 0 months and upwards, my own experience suggests introducing at about 4-6 months onwards might be best.
Visit the Nuby website here.
Made from food grade silicone, 'The Brushies' are a series of different finger toothbrushes.
Fitting over the parents finger, the silicone will encase the majority of your finger and you can then move the bristles found on 1 side over the teeth, gums, cheeks and tongues of your child.
There are different characters which mean a different coloured and marginally different designed fingerbrush.
You can buy the fingerbrushes individually, with a story book or all 4 as a set. Neither are 'cheap'.
I like the concept of the brush and book and it will certainly appeal to some children.
However, I have concerns that those toddlers aged 12 months or above will not get the best brushing experience from this fingerbrush without a lot of work from the parent.
Whilst the silicone will protect your finger, if your child bites, it isn't going to be pain free.
It also does not encourage the child to have a go themselves.
Personally I feel these are best for those aged 3-12 months, despite the creators suggesting up to 4 years.
Designed by 2 doctors, who themselves are mum's, the story and ethos behind brushies is heartwarming.
The packaging is recyclable, the brushies are BPA free and are able to be placed in the dishwasher.
Visit The Brushies website here.
A manual toothbrush that works for the parent and child alike.
Made in the USA by Radius, the Totz is a brush designed for toddlers aged 18 months and above.
The brush head is made up of 4,500 really soft (vegetable based) nylon bristles for gentle, yet effective cleaning of the child's teeth and gums.
The head itself is not tiny, but it is not too large either with an oval shape, to reduce harsh edges and allow you as a parent to move the brush around with ease.
The long, wide and flat handle makes for easy grip by the child and the parent and this brush certainly allows to do a bit of their own independent brushing.
BPA free and approved by the American Food and Drug Administration, the brush itself comes in a number of different colours, complete with a sparkle effect.
Chose from Pink, Green, Clear, Blue, Purple and Orange.
Visit the official Radius product page here.
A manual toothbrush, this is virtually identical to the Radius Totz listed above, but has softer bristles, suitable for younger children.
8,000 super soft vegetable based nylon bristles are built into the oval brush head of the Radius Pure toothbrush.
Considering they are so soft and have the younger children in mind, the size of the brush head is a little larger than would be expected. It is the same size as the Totz head. OK, in principle, but everyday use for some parents will be more difficult.
The long flat handle is easy to grip onto and helps with moving the brush about, but it might still be a bit of a challenge.
No harsh edges are present though, so the rounding of the corners avoids causing and injury when brushing.
BPA free, the brush comes in just 1 colour and is made in the USA.
Visit the Radius Pure product page here.
Dr Brown's is a highly reputable brand, particularly with baby bottles.
This manual toothbrush has been designed for babies and young toddlers and is somewhat of a transition brush if you like.
Whilst suitable form the age of about 6 months right through to 36 months, parents will find those children aged 10-24 months will probably get best use from it.
It has a small brush head with super soft bristles and is rounded so as not to cause any harm to the delicate surfaces in the child's mouth.
Designed to look like an elephant, ears act as handles/a natural gripping point for children and it certainly encourages independent brushing, whilst making it a bit more fun too.
Those same ears stop the brush from making contact with surfaces, to keep it a little more hygenic when the child is done with it.
There is a flex to the handle and neck of the brush which will absorb any excessive pressure whilst the natural curvature of the brush and length of the handle makes for easy reach to back teeth.
View the official Dr Brown's site here.
Officially Brush-Baby suggest use with children aged 10-36 months, but I have used this with my son from 6 months old.
I honestly believe this has really helped with his teething and the ease with which he has taken to having his teeth brushed.
The soft silicone is perfectly safe for your babies and toddlers mouth.
Shaped with a slight curvature, the chewable toothbrush element has 6 bristled sides.
There is a larger flat surface with bristles top and bottom and edges on both sides with bristles which mean when a baby bites down, not only are the top of the gums being cleaned, but the back and front too.
Silicone offers a soft biting surface on which the child can chew as they deal with the pain associated with teething.
A handle on the teether allows the child to easily grip it, but it is large enough that the teether itself will not become a choking hazard.
You can attach a pacifier/dummy clip onto it if you like too.
Dishwasher safe, it can be easily sterilised.
I would not suggest you use this as your only toothbrush, particularly with older babies and children, but it is a great tool for easing them into brushing and allowing them to safely ease discomfort when teething.
View the official Brush Baby product page.
The 3rd Brush-Baby product to feature in this list, it says something about the company and the products they offer.
Although suitable for children up to the age of about 16 months, parents will likely get best value from these with newborns and younger babies who have yet to develop too many teeth.
With endorsements from the likes of the Singing Dentist (Milad Shadrooh), these wipes are sterile and hygienic for your little one.
Fluoride and paraben free, a simple wipe across the gums, tongue and cheeks can help keep the mouth of your baby clean and free of unnecessary bacteria.
The wipes themselves are not all that cheap and for most parents, you can potentially cut the wipe in half to get extra value from it as 1 wipe is probably a little larger than you need. Only issue here is not letting it dry out until you need to use it.
They are a nice option if tooth brushing is not working right away and you prefer an alternative option to a damp washcloth.
View the official page for the Brush-Baby dental wipes.
Whether you go by my recommendations or not, I have included the following buyers guide, to help give you extra insight into what you should be looking for and considering when buying a toothbrush for a baby and toddlers.
Is your child a newborn/baby/toddler?
Many parents consider their children to be their 'babies' even if they are grown up and have moved out of the family home!
However, when it comes to looking after their teeth, there is a need to use different products and adapt techniques slightly based on the age of the child.
As every child develops at different rates, their tooth development and the approach needed will not be the same for every parent and child.
Use these age ranges as a guide to how you approach looking after the teeth of your children.
Eruption is the technically correct word to describe the appearance of a new tooth in the mouth of your child.
You might call or know this better as 'breaking through' or 'coming in'.
As a parent you will know there are certain milestones for children to hit and each child will develop at slightly different paces, but the following is a fairly accurate guide of when you can expect your baby's teeth to erupt.
The majority of teeth in a baby/toddler erupt by the time they are 2 years old, but the last teeth can take up to the child's 3rd birthday to erupt.
There can be variation in what time the tooth comes through. It may be up to 6 months either way. Try not to worry too much if your baby doesn't follow the chart above exactly.
Teeth don't usually erupt over night. It is a slow process and you can usually see the tooth emerging from under the gum as the tissue thins and the white enamel of the tooth becomes clearer.
This is rarely a pain free experience for the child and 'teething' is the term used to describe the period of suffering as the tooth comes through.
If your baby is drooling, has swollen gums and a higher than normal temperature these are all signs of teething.
It can be days or even weeks before the tooth finally erupts and it is perfectly normal for the baby to feel uncomfortable and generally a bit sorry for themselves during this time.
Whilst I can't compare first hand, it is likely equivalent to you having toothache or a dull headache. Some adults may get a similar pain when their wisdom teeth come through! You can function, but you certainly don't feel at your best.
There are lots of tips available online and from health workers on approaches you can take to help ease the child's discomfort, but teethers/chewable toothbrushes can be a great option.
You may not have even considered that there are different types of toothbrushes available, but there are.
The different types serve different purposes.
Firstly, some are geared to the youngest of children with no or very few teeth, whilst others are better suited for those toddlers with the majority or all of their teeth.
Different designs and styles also allows for you as the parent to find the brush that works for you and your child as not all children will necessarily like the same thing.
Essentially a small wet wipe, designed to be passed over the gums, cheeks and tongue of your little one.
The wipe should be wrapped over your index finger and carefully placed and moved over the surfaces to cleanse them.
Most suitable for newborns and babies, 0-12 months.
You can continue to use beyond 12 months up until approximately 18 months, but as teeth come through other brushing options should be used in conjunction as these are not suitable as the only option once teeth have begun erupting.
Often designed as a thimble that fits over the parents finger, like the wipes, the brush should be moved in and around the mouth of the child to clean the exposed surfaces.
There are typically a number of silicone bristles on the end of the brush that gently sweep across the gums and soft tissue in the mouth.
Toothpaste is not generally needed as the wiping action in conjunction with the child's saliva will be sufficient.
Most suitable for newborns and babies, as a number of teeth come through you will likely want to move to a different option around 12 months/1 year.
There are many teethers on the market, but chewable teethers that act as a toothbrush can be beneficial to you and your child.
Unlike most teethers, teether toothbrushes normally are more flexible and shaped in such a way that they hug the gumline.
Short silicone bristles make contact with the gum tissue and as the baby bites on the teether.
Not only does the soft material help ease discomfort, the bristles dislodge bacteria and get your precious one more familiar with the sensation of bristles touching and wiping along the gums.
Generally speaking these are suitable for babies that are 6 months of age right through to toddlers, although greatest benefit is likely to be between 6 and 18 months.
A good option to use in addition to another tooth brushing product, these are great for child led teething/brushing as opposed to you as a parent having to watch over the whole time.
Toothpaste is not always necessary, but can be applied to help achieve the clean teeth if regular brushing with toothpaste is proving more problematic.
The good old manual brush, only smaller with super soft bristles.
Relying on you as the parent to move the brush over the teeth and gums, the bristles will dislodge and sweep away food debris and bacteria as they make contact with the teeth and gums.
Available in a couple of different sizes you have what many class as the 'baby toothbrush' which tends to suit those children aged 6-18 months, whilst a 'toddler toothbrush' is suitable from about 12 months right through to 36 months, or 3 years old.
The brush handles tend to be brightly coloured and soft to the touch to make for a more engaging experience for the child.
As the name implies this is an electrically powered toothbrush.
Much like the electric brush you may own just on a smaller scale and not as powerful.
Doing a lot of the work for you, these brushes are normally powered by an AAA or AA battery as opposed to a built in rechargeable battery.
Vibrations are passed via a motor to the brush head so that the bristles move rapidly over the teeth and gums, you just control the position of the brush head.
The additional movement provided can be an extra help to achieve a more thorough clean.
Brush heads tend to come in different sizes to suit the different aged children.
The smallest brush heads tend to suit 6-18 months with larger sized heads for toddlers 18-36 months old.
The bristles are very soft so as not to damage the teeth and gums.
Toothpaste should be used when brushing.
Some of the better electric brushes will have timers built in too, to being the educational process about the correct brushing time of 2 minutes.
There are tens if not hundreds of differently designed toothbrushes available today.
Many claim that they could be the toothbrush for your child.
Truthfully, it is a period of trial and error in finding the one that works for you and your baby, but amongst all of the options available there are some key things you should look for.
The teeth and tissues within the mouth of a baby are much more delicate and susceptible to damage than that of an adult.
The bristles fitted to a brush head for a baby should be very soft, softer than the soft/sensitive bristles you find on an adult toothbrush.
Bristles may be made of silicone/plastic or traditional nylon type fibres.
The small head allows for the brush to fit comfortably into the baby's mouth.
It makes for easier manoeuvrability around the teeth and gums.
Makes it easier to grip onto, particularly when the baby begins the process of holding and brushing for themselves and may use 2 hands.
There are also a few additional features that can make a baby toothbrush better suited, but are not necessarily deal breakers.
The use of bright colours and bold designs captures the attention of the child and distracts them from any concern they might have about the experience and helps engage them as they are drawn to the brush.
If the brush has or makes use of characters from books or TV shows they like, this can help to.
Soft rubberised materials that make the brush easier to hold and less slippery when in hand is beneficial to parent and baby alike as brushing can get messy and wet.
Carefully thought out shaping to the brush handle with contours for added contact helps keep a firm grip on the brush too.
A rinse under the tap can wash away residual bacteria and grime, but those that are dishwasher safe can ensure higher levels of hygiene for your baby.
When should I start brushing?
You might not think it necessary to worry about cleaning the gums before a tooth erupts, but you really should begin within days of welcoming your newborn into the world.
I know first hand how at this stage, just getting some sleep will feel like a bigger priority, but wiping those gums will be worth it.
Your aim at this stage is to get your little one used to having things put in their mouth, ready to introduce brushing later.
At this stage it is not a case of whipping out a tube of toothpaste and electric toothbrush, but a much more gentle act of wiping the gums, cheeks and tongue.
Use a damp washcloth or piece of gauze, twice a day, particularly before bed.
The sooner the newborn experiences this sensation, the quicker they should get used to it and all being well the easier it will become as teeth develop.
Milk, even the natural breast milk leaves behind a residue that is not always ideal for your child's oral health.
With the introduction of other foodstuffs as the baby is weaned, the risk of decay increases with plaque able to build up thanks to more bacteria and more sugars on which it feeds.
Making brushing a daily habit helps deter cavities and unwanted dental health problems.
You should brush your child's teeth twice a day.
Ideally, this will be just before bed and another time in the day.
Considering that not all children will cooperate it can be helpful in the early weeks and months of brushing to try it more regularly throughout the day, maybe 3 or 4 times for shorter periods, to build up familiarity and enjoyment around brushing.
For a baby and toddler, you should use a fluoride based toothpaste that contains no more than 1000 parts per million (ppm) (NHS).
Most adult toothpastes contain a higher level of fluoride.
It is important not to swallow too much toothpaste as it can have long lasting effects.
It does not matter what brand of toothpaste you use providing it has the right level of fluoride in it.
There are many 'kids' toothpastes, but these are not necessarily essential, providing the chosen paste has the right amount of fluoride in it.
Many of these pastes specifically designed for kids come at a cost premium.
Ideally, you want to use toothpaste from as soon as the child's first tooth erupts, to help fight any possible decay.
However, some form of brushing, even without toothpaste is better than nothing in the early stages, but do your best to introduce it as soon as possible.
How much toothpaste do I need?
You may have heard the phrase, a 'pea sized amount of toothpaste', but this applies to adults and children aged 3 or above.
Babies and toddlers require much less.
You only need a smear or an amount equivalent to a grain of rice.
Some toothbrushes will have coloured bristles that act as an indicator as to just how much toothpaste you need.
Most parents will tell you that mastering the art of brushing your children's teeth is not easy.
A baby might well be a little more docile and easier to control that a toddler going through the 'terrible twos', but each bring their own challenges.
It will take time and patience on your part to find the right products, the right approach and routine that works for you and your little ones.
It is highly likely that you will have to try different types of toothbrushes until you find one that both you and the child agree on.
Some will not like the shape, sensation and overall experience, whilst others will take to it more naturally.
Keep in mind, this is a new experience and not normal and may respond negatively. Starting early can help.
Having them with you when you brush can also set a good example.
The more interactive, fun and engaging you can make the teeth brushing, the better the chances of success.
Maybe play some entertaining music as they brush, or play a game.
Interactivity and reward tends to work really well, particularly for older children as we have seen with those electric toothbrushes for kids.
Whilst oral care is important and should become part of their daily routine, it is too important to allow time to get them used to the whole experience and not put off.
If it is not working, take a break, come back again in a couple of hours.
How often should I replace the toothbrush?
Every 3 months is the recommended time frame.
However, you need to replace it sooner if our baby has a tendency to bite down on the toothbrush and the bristles are splayed, frayed or in generally poor shape in comparison to when it was new.
Silicone bristle brushes tend to be more resilient and can look as good as new after 3 months of use, but for hygiene reasons, it is advisable to replace it.
It is incredibly important that your baby sees a dentist early on in their childhood.
In the UK a recent campaign by the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry advises that your child has their first dental check by 1 year old.
Make sure that you have taken them to see a dentist by the time they turn 1 years old.
A visit to the dentist should not happen only when there is a problem, but regularly to stop any problems occurring in the first place.
Whilst a baby/toddler will eventually lose their first set of teeth, the care of their first set has a knock on effect to the development and health of their permanent teeth.
Dentists want children to have healthy teeth and a big smile and by taking your little one for regular checkups you can ensure they do.
An early visit allows the child to get familiar with a new person, the odd surroundings, sounds and smells.
A morning appointment tends to be good, when the child is well rested, but awake and alert.
During the visit, the dentist should help the child feel at ease and inspect their mouth for any sign of problems including injury and cavities caused by decay.
The key to brushing your baby's teeth is you and your approach.
Brushing needs to be a positive and fun experience, that develops over time until they get it themselves.
Most of the brushing in the early years will be done by you as the parent, only at the age of 6-8 years old, might the child be able to competently brush their own teeth. Even then, they may miss some key areas.
For newborns, wiping the gums and tissues of the mouth with a damp washcloth or using a dental wipe is perfectly fine, whilst they lay cradled in your arms.
With babies, it will be a bit of trial and error particularly as the teeth start erupting.
You will likely want to start with a finger toothbrush and move onto a manual brush.
There is no absolute right way in the early stage of tooth brushing for babies.
General advice is to site the child upright, on your knee, with their head resting against your chest.
For toddlers, you can have them sit or they can stand with a very slight tilt of their head backwards.
You want to make contact with all the tooth surfaces, and the gums along with the cheek and tongue.
Don't brush just the front teeth.
Move the brush in small circles, covering all surfaces if possible.
Don't be too worried about spending 30 seconds on each quadrant of the mouth as is the normal approach for older children and adults.
At this stage it is about taking the approach which allows you to get the best result for your child.
With a fun and entertaining attitude towards brushing, the child should naturally take the brush and have a go themselves, getting comfortable with having it in their mouth.
You are using just a tiny amount of toothpaste at this stage, encourage them to spit any remaining paste out rather than swallowing it.
Key things to avoid are forcing the brushing session, it needs to be natural as the child will resist otherwise.
Do avoid rinsing the mouth out after brushing as this will wash away the goodness left behind by the toothpaste.
Also, do not lay the child flat to brush their teeth, this brings in the gag reflex and can put children off.
Children should continue to be supervised for tooth brushing until the ages of seven (think about when they are able to tie their own shoe laces).
The cost of toothbrushes for babies and toddlers are typically a little bit higher than the price you might pay for an adult toothbrush.
The reason for this is because of volume and demand.
Regular adult brushes can be produced and sold more cost effectively because there is a greater number of the public buying them than they are baby toothbrushes with very soft bristles.
Brushes for babies and toddlers tend to require more materials because although smaller, they are odd shaped, with fatter handles and gripping points along with more colours in the mix too.
Many have silicone as a key material which is more expensive to produce than plastic and nylon that is found on a regular adult brush.
Most brushes tend to be around £4-6 in cost and will need replacing every 3 months.
It might be another expense that you would rather avoid, but investing in a good brush will in the long term pay off and prevent costly and potentially painful dental issues in the future.
There isn't necessarily a best place to buy a toothbrush for your baby from.
Amazon do stock the biggest range in our experience, but any good pharmacy or supermarket will have a good range of options.
Got some feedback or suggestions of other baby toothbrushes?


text:
WestJet reports record June load factor of 80.4 per cent
Airline increases June traffic by 12.3% and updates second quarter 2016 RASM expectation
CALGARY, July 11, 2016 /CNW/ - WestJet today announced June 2016 traffic results with a record load factor of 80.4 per cent an increase of 3.5 percentage points year over year. Revenue passenger miles (RPMs), or traffic, increased 12.3 per cent year over year, and capacity, measured in available seat miles (ASMs), grew 7.5 per cent over the same period. In the second quarter of 2016, the airline achieved a load factor of 80.8 per cent, an increase of 2.7 percentage points year over year, and flew a record 5.3 million guests, a year over year increase of 7.0 per cent or approximately 345,000 additional guests.
"We are very pleased with our double-digit traffic growth as we flew a record numbers of guests in the second quarter and also celebrated WestJet Encore's third birthday," said WestJet President and CEO Gregg Saretsky. "As we transition into our busy summer season, I want to thank our almost 12,000 WestJetters for their commitment to providing our brand of friendly caring service each and every day."
June 2016 traffic results
3.5 pts
Year-to-date 2016
WestJet now expects its RASM for the second quarter of 2016 to decline between 5.5 to 6.0 per cent year over year, as compared to its previous guidance of a decline between 7.5 to 9.5 per cent year over year, with the difference primarily driven by a higher second quarter load factor than previously expected.
In June, WestJet began flying new limited-addition non-stop seasonal peak summer travel routes between Brandon, MB and Toronto, ON, and between Vancouver, BC and both Hamilton, ON, and London, ON. Also in June, WestJet announced new seasonal non-stop service connecting Edmonton, AB, and Hamilton, ON, and Winnipeg, MB, with Kelowna, BC.
In May, WestJet launched its new non-stop service between London (Gatwick) and six Canadian cities (Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, and St John's). London (Gatwick) is WestJet's third transatlantic destination. In 2014, it launched non-stop service from St. John's to Dublin, followed by service between Halifax and Glasgow in 2015.
Caution regarding forward-looking information
Certain information set forth in this news release, including, without limitation, information regarding our expectation that second quarter 2016 RASM is expected to decline between 5.5 to 6.0 per cent year over year is forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws. The financial outlook information provided is a preliminary estimate only, is subject to the completion of WestJet's quarterly close process and has not been reviewed by WestJet's auditors. Forward-looking information, including any financial outlook, is based on a number of material factors and assumptions and is provided to assist investors in understanding our assessment of WestJet's future plans, operations and expected results. It may not be appropriate for other purposes and is expressly qualified by this cautionary statement.
By its nature, forward-looking information is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond the Corporation's control, including those risk factors described in WestJet's public reports and filings which are available under WestJet's profile at www.sedar.com. Readers are cautioned that undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking information as actual results may vary materially from the forward-looking information. WestJet does not undertake to update, correct or revise any forward-looking information as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by applicable law.
We are proud to be Canada's highest-rated airline for customer service, powered by an award-winning culture of care and recognized as one of the country's top employers. We offer scheduled service to 100 destinations in North America, Central America, the Caribbean and Europe. Through our regional airline, WestJet Encore, and with partnerships with airlines representing every major region of the world, we offer our guests more than 150 destinations in more than 20 countries. Leveraging WestJet's extensive network, flight schedule and remarkable guest experience, WestJet Vacations delivers affordable, flexible travel experiences with a variety of accommodation options for every guest. Members of our WestJet Rewards program earn WestJet dollars on flights, vacation packages and more. Our members use WestJet dollars towards the purchase of WestJet flights and vacations packages on any day, at any time, to any WestJet destination with no blackout periods — even on seat sales. For more information about everything WestJet, please visit westjet.com.
2015/2011/2010/2008/2007/2006/2005 Canada's Most Admired Corporate Culture (Waterstone Human Capital)
2015 Best Employers in Canada (Aon Hewitt)
2015/2014/2013 WestJet RBC World Elite MasterCard ranked #1 in Canada (MoneySense magazine)
2014/2013 WestJet RBC World Elite MasterCard ranked #1 in the Canada's Choice ranking (RewardsCanada.ca)
2014 Interbrand Canada's Best Canadian Brands (Rank #20)
2014 Brands of the Year (Strategy magazine)
2014 Canada's Most Preferred Airline (Ipsos)
2014 Value Airline of the Year (Air Transport World magazine)
2014/2013/2012 Canada's Most Attractive Employer (Randstad)
2014/2013/2012/2011 Highest equity score: airline, vacation package supplier brands (Harris/Decima EquiTrend Study)
SOURCE WestJet


From 25 November 2017, any current intervention order made in Victoria will be recognised in all other states and territories in Australia even if the order was made before that date. See Information for people protected by an order. Related publications You may also be interested in our other resources about family violence and intervention orders. Related topics Child protection Family... Internet Resources The Internet is a terrific resource that your children can use for their research projects and homework assignments. When conducting research, students must learn to cite all the sources they use in their assignments.
The OAC�s resources are intended to serve as a valuable tool in an individual�s personal health journey. As such, the OAC maintains a zero tolerance policy regarding the fraudulent request of materials.


The mouth is like the entrance to a deep cave. Inside are minerals, a steady trickle of water, and living creatures! Teeth line the upper and lower jaws like stony stalactites and stalagmites composed of protein (collagen) and a hard smooth mineral called hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3OH. Along the inner walls of the mouth are glands that secrete saliva, a watery solution that flows into the mouth at 1 to 3 mL per minute at mealtimes but slows to barely a trickle during sleep.
Inhabiting the mouth are millions of living bacteria residing on the tongue, in the soft tissue of the gums, and inside the cracks and crevices of our teeth. Many of the metabolic wastes of these bacteria are both corrosive and sticky with a pH low enough to cause harm to teeth and gums. Dissolved in saliva is bicarbonate (HCO3–). Bicarbonate acts as a buffer to keep the watery solution at a fairly constant pH by balancing the relative amounts of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH–) in solution. A healthy pH for the mouth environment is a nearly neutral 6.8.
Saliva is saturated with enzymes, the specialized proteins that act as organic catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions in the body. Alpha amylase is a digestive enzyme in saliva that catalyzes the breakdown of starch. Starch—a natural polymer consisting of thousands of tiny sugar molecules linked together like boxcars on a train—is rapidly uncoupled by amylase to release these sugars in the mouth.
Sugar is food. We—and the bacteria that we harbor—obtain life-sustaining energy from the breakdown of this hydrocarbon fuel. Unfortunately for us, bacteria convert some of this sugar into harmful acids. Saliva acts to dilute and neutralize some of this acid, but bacteria living in teeth fissures or crevices may be protected from this cleansing.
Now that we've got the "big picture", we can proceed with some of the details of tooth decay.
The tooth consists of three areas: the crown, the neck and the root. (The neck is the area where the crown meets the root, missing from the diagram below.) The internal structure of the tooth is composed of four parts: enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp.
The enamel is located on the surface of the crown. The dentin, which lies just under the enamel, extends through the crown, neck and root, as does the pulp. Cementum surrounds the root. What follows is a description of each of these parts.
Enamel is the very hard outer surface of the tooth. It is the surface we see when we look at teeth. It appears white, but it is really translucent. The dentin (see below) that shows through the enamel gives the tooth its color.
The role of enamel is to provide the rigid surface needed for mastication—grinding and crushing food by chewing—and to protect the rest of the underlying layers of the tooth from decay. It owes its rigidity to its structure of hydroxyapatite, a crystalline calcium phosphate compound. Although it is a hard substance, it is susceptible to decay through erosion due to exposure to acid. It also serves to insulate the nerves in the tooth from exposure to extremes of hot and cold thus preventing discomfort or pain.
Enamel is also subject to cracking or chipping when exposed to stress, leading to one's feeling pain, especially when eating hot or cold or sugary foods.
And, lest we oversimplify the enamel in tooth structure, this short paragraph from a ChemMatters Teacher's Guide seeks to set us straight.
The structure and composition of a human tooth is perhaps somewhat more complex than the relatively basic structure and composition presented …. The outer enamel is indeed the hardest material found in the human body, as it is for any mammal that has teeth. It is highly mineralized, but not entirely made of calcium phosphate. It consists of about 95-98% inorganic material by mass. About 90-92% of this inorganic matter is a slightly modified form of calcium phosphate called hydroxyapatite. The formula for hydroxyapatite is Ca5(PO4)3OH. There are also trace amounts of other minerals. The remainder of the enamel consists of about 1% protein and 4% water by mass. The proteins that are contained in tooth enamel are not found anywhere else in the human body. These proteins are called enamelins and amelogenins.
Dentin contains dentinal tubules, which are permeable, that radiate outward from the center to the enamel. Mineral buildup surrounds these tubules. Their permeability allows for transfer of the sensations of heat and cold to nerves in the pulp which can, in turn, become sensations of pain. The dentinal tubules also help to prevent tooth fractures by absorbing some of the stress that might normally propagate through and fracture the enamel, forming microfractures within the tubules that prevent a major crack from propagating through the brittle enamel.
It has been noted that older adults seem to be more susceptible to tooth fracturing than younger people. This has been researched and is presently believed to be caused by subtle changes in the behavior of dentin in older teeth, resulting in its becoming more brittle with age. This paper describes current (2008) research: https://str.llnl.gov/str/JanFeb08/pdfs/01.08.3.pdf.
Cementum is the surface layer of the tooth root. It is calcified material that covers the root of the tooth. Slightly softer than dentin, it consists of 45–50% inorganic material (hydroxyapatite) and 50–55% organic matter and water, by weight. Collagen and proteoglycans comprise the majority of the organic matter.
Cementum is the part of the periodontium that attaches the tooth to the alveolar bone. Because some of the cementoblasts, the cells that actually excrete the cementum, are entrapped within the cementum, becoming cementocytes, cementum is able to repair itself to a limited extent.
Dental pulp serves two main roles. First, it produces odontoblasts, cells that can form dentin. The dentin surrounds and protects the pulp. The second role is to supply nutrients to, and remove waste from, the pulp via blood vessels contained in the pulp cavity. Other functions include signaling the brain (with pain) when trauma, temperature extremes, pressure or tooth decay has reached the dentin or pulp, areas containing nerves, and forming secondary dentin to help protect the pulp.
Dental pulp fills with an increased amount of collagen fibers with age, resulting in the decrease in the ability of the pulp to regenerate. This causes the recession of the pulp cavity, possibly due to an increase of secondary dentin within the pulp cavity, which results in the reduction in sensitivity in older teeth. Thus older adults may not need local anesthesia when undergoing dental restorations.
Tooth enamel, as mentioned in the article, is the hardest substance in the human body. The enamel is composed of 96% minerals, primarily hydroxyapatite; the remaining 4% of the enamel is primarily water and organic material. Apatite, the primary constituent of tooth enamel, has a hardness of 5 on the 1–10 Mohs scale of mineral hardness.
The structure of calcium hydroxyapatite.
–OH) in the center of the hexagonal unit cell.
The following passage describes the structure of hydroxyapatite.
The term "apatite" applies to a group of compounds (not only at calcium phosphates) with a general formula in the form M10(XO4)6Z2, where M2+ is a metal and species XO4 3- and Z- are anions. The particular name of each apatite depends on the elements or radicals M, X and Z. In these terms, hydroxyapatite (HAp) has the molecular structure of apatite, where M is calcium (Ca2+), X is phosphorus (P5+) and Z is the hydroxyl radical (OH-). This is known as stoichiometric hydroxyapatite and its atomic ratio Ca/P is 1.67. Its chemical formula is Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, with 39% by weight of Ca, 18.5% P and 3.38% of OH.
Hydroxyapatite crystallizes in a hexagonal system … Figure 1 shows the unit cell of hydroxyapatite.
Figure 1. Crystalline structure of hydroxyapatite.
HAp structure is formed by a tetrahedral arrangement of phosphate (PO43-), which constitute the "skeleton" of the unit cell. Two of the oxygens are aligned with the c axis and the other two are in a horizontal plane. Within the unit cell, phosphates are divided into two layers, with heights of 1/4 and 3/4, respectively, resulting in the formation of two types of channels along the c axis, denoted by A and B.
Despite being taken to the stoichiometric hydroxyapatite as a model, it is noteworthy that hydroxyapatites produced biologically are much more complicated, they are not stoichiometric, have an atomic ratio Ca/P <1.67 and does not contain only ions and radicals of the HAp but also traces of CO3, Mg, Na, F and Cl. These amounts vary according at the specific type of tissue, which is related to the properties and bioactivity of it.
One aspect that is important to note is that, the closer the value of Ca/P to 1.67, the greater the stability of the material inside the human body as they tend to be inert, and on the other hand, if this value decreases (deficient HAp), the better the bioactivity.
Another aspect we must consider is the degree of crystallinity. It has been observed that the crystallinity in the tissues for the tooth enamel is very high, while in the cases corresponding to dentin and bone, it is very poor. This means that the reactivity depends on the degree of crystallinity, since the reactivity in dentin and bone is higher than in tooth enamel.
There seems to be general agreement that two distinct processes occur involving adverse effects on teeth, tooth erosion and tooth decay.
Microscopic view of erosion on tooth enamel surface.
Tooth erosion occurs primarily due to acids you ingest from outside sources, such as sodas and citrus fruit drinks. These provide acid directly to the tooth, which increases the rate of demineralization of the tooth enamel, which eventually leads to erosion of tooth surfaces and may or may not produce individual caries (cavities).
Frequency and duration of exposure of teeth to these drinks is viewed as more important factors than total intake. These should be drunk, not sipped. Many dentists even recommend using straws to drink these, as then the liquid does not come in direct contact with teeth. Enamel corrosion can even occur in babies if they are allowed to drink fruit juices from a bottle over long periods as a way of quieting them down at bedtime.
The following table summarizes the types of acids found in various types of drinks.
Chemists know that it's acid strength, not just the amount of acid, that really matters. That's why colas are more likely to cause dental erosion than other sodas; colas contain phosphoric acid, with a higher acid dissociation constant (see table, below) than any of the other acids listed in the drinks from the above table. That means that phosphoric acid provides more H+ ions in solution than other acids. These ions then interact with enamel hydroxyapatite, resulting in the formation of Ca2+ and PO43– ions dissolved from the tooth surface. Unless the saliva in the mouth quickly raises the pH and replenishes the lost calcium and phosphate ions, the tooth enamel surface will remain thinner where those ions were removed by the acid, subject to further degradation with the next cola drink.
Notice that the Ka for carbonic acid is the smallest of any of the first dissociation constants for the acids in the above table. This substantiates the notion that it's not the carbonic acid in sodas that really causes the problems with dental erosion but, rather, phosphoric acid. This can be shown by testing the pH of a freshly-opened soda and one that has been allowed to go "flat". Carbon dioxide has escaped from the flat soda, upsetting the CO2 – H2CO3 equilibrium, thereby removing most/all carbonic acid from the drink (Le Châtelier's principle). Yet both sodas will have approximately the same pH, showing that carbonic acid contributed very little or nothing to the acidity of the drink.
While brushing teeth is a good way to minimize tooth erosion, care must be taken as to when brushing is done.
You may have heard this myth circulating, possibly on the Internet. "Soda is so acidic it can dissolve a tooth overnight." This is not quite true (at all).
This myth got its start from a nutritionist who made the claim in the 1950s. Sodas contain acids, such as phosphoric, citric, and carbonic acid. But their concentrations are lower in soda than in natural drinks, such as orange or cranberry juice. When left in soda, a tooth will not completely dissolve overnight, or even over a few days. Also, when we drink soda, we don't tend to hold it in our mouths for long periods of time, and the saliva in our mouths helps protect the enamel.
This shifts the hydroxyapatite equilibrium reaction to the right to replace the hydroxide ions removed by the acid, causing more hydroxyapatite to dissolve, thus eroding the tooth enamel.
Here is another reference to this same myth: http://io9.com/5903310/the-scientific-myth-that-soda-will-dissolve-your-teeth.
Before we leave the topic of soda, we should look at its pH. The table below was taken from this 2010 report: "Pop-Cola Acids and Tooth Erosion: An In Vivo, In Vitro, Electron-Microscopic and Clinical Report." The report, published in the International Journal of Dentistry, provides information on the pH of various colas. Note that all values are in the 2.5–3.5 range, well below the pH of 5.5, which is the pH at which (or below which) tooth enamel is eroded by an acid. Thus all of these colas (and other sodas as well) will cause enamel erosion; indeed, that is the conclusion of the report, as well.
And, as the title suggests, the study tested cola's effects on teeth in vivo, within the mouth of living test subjects, and in vitro, in laboratory settings. And microscopic pictures of the teeth studied in vitro, taken by the researchers show definite evidence of erosion by the colas. An interesting note: their study groups were divided into those with teeth (average age, 22) and those without teeth (average 52), ostensibly those with dentures. The tests done on those without teeth (and those with teeth) consisted of determining levels of calcium and phosphate in the mouth after swishing with the various colas (and with water as a control).
OK, so now we know it's best to avoid sodas to avoid cavities. But sodas and other acidic drinks, known as extrinsic sources of acids (taken in from outside the body), aren't the only way for tooth enamel to be exposed to acidic environments. Intrinsic sources (as the name implies) also may account for further exposure.


The Center for Cultural Policy Research (CUPORE), the Unit of Cultural Policy at the University of Jyväskylä (JyU), and the Scientific Committee for the Nordic Conference on Cultural Policy Research invite you to submit abstracts for research papers, panel sessions, roundtables, or other types of presentations, to the 8th Nordic Conference on Cultural Policy Research. The conference will be held in Helsinki on August 23-25 2017.
The theme for the 8th NCCPR is Migration, Culture, and Nation. It is our ambition to facilitate discussions on the roles of cultural policy in a time when trends such as globalization, increasing migration, and changes in media and communication influence society and politics in new ways, creating new roles for arts and heritage.
The NCCPR welcomes all proposals from any academic discipline, concerning any problem or topic within the research area of cultural policy research, provided that the proposal makes an original contribution to research on cultural policy in the Nordic countries. The conference provides spaces for parallel sessions with academic papers, and other types of presentations in Scandinavian languages and English. Plenary sessions will be held in English.
Those intending to present papers or other types of presentations, at the NCCPR 2017 must submit abstracts for review before January 31, 2017. These should include an introduction of the topic, research objectives or questions, research methodology and theoretical perspectives, findings and conclusions. The length of abstracts should be maximum 2000 characters.
The conference is arranged in cooperation with the Nordic Journal of Cultural Policy, the Society for Cultural Policy Research in Finland, Arts Promotion Centre Finland, City of Helsinki, the Center for Nordic Studies CENS (University of Helsinki), Finnish National Gallery (Ateneum), the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Kulturkontakt Nord.


Microsoft's .NET security person. "Amazingly Annoyingly informative" - anonymous conference feedback. Opinions are mine / not speaking on behalf of Microsoft.
New glasses, which I would walk 500 miles in.
Simon Le Gros Bisson ??


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In 2011 CoStar purchased Loopnet for $860 Million. Yes, 860 million dollars. With a price like that it's alarming to think that there are leasing brokers who don't praise the value in using online media to not only advertise their properties, but to also engage with potential tenants and the community.
Office leasing, and other forms of Commercial Real Estate leasing, is an ever-growing industry. Despite the countries' current economic status commercial properties continue to be built in the forms of retail centers, office buildings, and multi-family properties. Along with the expansion of the industry, the methods used to market these properties has changed.
The days of placing ads in the local newspaper or real estate magazines advertising your available office space or building are not over, they're just slowing down. Direct mail marketing is still used, and quite effectively. People still check their mail, but how often does that carefully curated flyer get tossed out with all of the other junk mail? E-mail makes it quite easily to send your electronic correspondence to the "trash" with the simple click of the button. How do you know that your marketing efforts are actually landing on the appropriate eyes?
The short answer is, you can't. While you may have a very good understanding of the target audience in your area, it is also very fragmented. Perhaps they don't check their email, maybe they're already locked into a 4 year contract and they're just not ready for you yet. That's where the internet and social media comes in. Millennials are becoming the largest generation in the workforce, not only are they becoming employees, but they're also rising up to employer. Startup companies are being spearheaded by the younger generation and they're buying up office space to fit their business.
This generation, being the first to not know a world without the internet, is rarely seen without a smart phone or tablet in their hands or fancy messenger bag. It's not only millennials, the President is frequently seen with his smart phone- even the First Lady Snapchats. The commercial real estate sector can't continue to ignore the power of social media in advertising any longer if it wants to keep up.
The benefit of advertising on social media channels is that you are often able to target your advertising down to the viewers interests, or zip code. Yes, someone who subscribes to REDNews is more than likely interested in commercial real estate, but are they in your area? Do they ever plan to be? Placing an ad in a nationally distributed magazine may be a good idea depending on what type of property you're trying to sell, but sometimes online advertising may bring better results and save a bit of money.
Online marketing is not one size fits all. There's PPC (pay-per-click) and PPV (pay-per-view), on-site SEO, organic and paid search, all of this can be a bit confusing, but luckily most of the social media channels take care of the hard work for you.
For example, Facebooks advertising methods lets you set a budget, duration of campaign, and narrow down your viewing audience by zip code, interests they have on Facebook, and age. All you have to do is create the visuals for your campaign, which is a perfect place to put your latest commercial real estate flyer. In return, Facebook provides you with analytics so you're able to track the information in order to determine if your campaign was successful, or what changes you should make in the future.
If you have a website (which you should), SEO (search engine optimization), a method of combining key words into your website copy and optimizing the metadata in order to increase your ranking in search engine results, is important. If someone types in "Commercial Real Estate + [your city]" if the SEO on your webpage is curated well, then your business will land on the first page of results.
Social media is also an integral part of being able to communicate with your potential customers. It's a great idea to promote new tenants on Facebook or Instagram, videos and pictures attract a lot of viewers and can in turn generate leads by way of emails or phone calls.
The truth of it is, there is no one right way to market your commercial property but the impact of the internet and social media can't be ignored. It would be a detriment to your business to only market in print, you're missing out on a vast array of potential customers by not being active on Twitter or Facebook. That doesn't just mean post your latest floor plan, but find or create other relevant content, actually interact with your followers. The benefits will be measurable.
Older Post5 considerations before buying or leasing office space.


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Man pleads guilty in deadly Conway shooting, sentenced to 20 years in prison
Published: Jan. 12, 2022 at 11:16 AM EST|Updated: Jan. 12, 2022 at 11:17 AM EST
CONWAY, S.C. (WMBF) – A man was sentenced to two decades behind bars for his role in a deadly 2019 shooting in Conway.
The 15th Circuit Solicitor's Office said 29-year-old Aarin Jamal Michael pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter on Tuesday.
The charge was in connection to an incident that happened on Mayfield Drive in November 2019.
Officials said Michael was at his mother's home when he got into a fist fight with 21-year-old Charles "CeeJay" Hemingway, Jr.
A release from the solicitor's office stated Hemingway, Jr. "won the fight," but a gun fell out of Michael's pocket. While Hemingway, Jr. was standing in the hallway recovering from the fight, Michael picked up the gun and fired two shots, killing the 21-year-old.
Michael was arrested ten days later at a home in the Loris area.
The Honorable Circuit Court Judge Benjamin Culbertson sentenced Michael to 20 years in prison after his guilty plea. He must serve at least 85% of the sentence before he is eligible for supervised release.
"We would like to thank all members of the victim's family for the help they provided in prosecuting Mr. Michael and to again offer them our condolences on the tragic loss of CeeJay. Thanks are additionally given to the friends of the family, neighbors, and community organizations that supported the family during this difficult time and to the various witnesses that came forward and assisted this case," said assistant solicitor James Stanko.


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Big Tech's market power eerily familiar to 2000s big finance
Taking on Big Tech's dominance is not an attempt to establish socialism. It is about making capitalist competition fairer and, ultimately, stronger.
Kenneth RogoffColumnist
Apr 7, 2019 — 11.00pm
Displaying a degree of courage and clarity that is difficult to overstate, US senator and Democratic presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren has taken on Big Tech, including Facebook, Google, Amazon, and Apple. Warren's proposals amount to a total rethink of the United States' exceptionally permissive merger and acquisition policy over the past four decades.
Indeed, Big Tech is only the poster child for a significant increase in monopoly and oligopoly power across a broad swath of the American economy. Although the best approach is still far from clear, I could not agree more that something needs to done, especially when it comes to Big Tech's ability to buy out potential competitors and use their platform dominance to move into other lines of business.
Warren is courageous because Big Tech is big money for most leading Democratic candidates, particularly progressives, for whom California is a veritable campaign-financing ATM. And although one can certainly object, Warren is not alone in thinking the tech giants have gained excessive market dominance; in fact, it is one of the few issues in Washington on which there is some semblance of agreement. Other candidates, most notably Democratic Senator Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota, have also taken principled stands.
Elizabeth Warren is brave to join the debate about Big Tech, given Silicon Valley is a major source of donations for progressive politicians . Daniel Acker
The debate about how to regulate the sector is eerily reminiscent of the debate over financial regulation in the early 2000s.
Although the casual relationships are difficult to untangle, there are solid grounds for believing the rise in monopoly power has played a role in exacerbating income inequality, weakening workers' bargaining power, and slowing the rate of innovation. And, perhaps outside of China, it is a global problem, because US tech monopolies have often achieved market dominance before local regulators and politicians know what has happened. The European Union, in particular, has been trying to steer its own course on technology regulation. Recently, Britain commissioned an expert group, chaired by former president Barack Obama's chief economist (and now my colleague) Jason Furman, that produced a useful report on approaches to the tech sector.
The debate about how to regulate the sector is eerily reminiscent of the debate over financial regulation in the early 2000s. Proponents of a light regulatory touch argued that finance was too complicated for regulators to keep up with innovation, and that derivatives trading allows banks to make wholesale changes to their risk profile in the blink of an eye. And the financial industry put its money where its mouth was, paying salaries so much higher than those in the public sector that any research assistant the Federal Reserve System trained to work on financial issues would be enticed with offers exceeding what their boss' boss was earning.
The US and world economy are, if anything, even more vulnerable to Big Tech than to the financial sector.
There will be similar problems staffing tech regulatory offices and antitrust legal divisions if the push for tighter regulation gains traction. To succeed, political leaders need to be focused and determined and not easily bought. One only has to recall the 2008 financial crisis and its painful aftermath to comprehend what can happen when a sector becomes too politically influential. And the US and world economy are, if anything, even more vulnerable to Big Tech than to the financial sector, owing both to cyber aggression and vulnerabilities in social media that can pervert political debate.
Another parallel with the financial sector is the outsize role of US regulators. As with US foreign policy, when they sneeze, the entire world can catch a cold. The 2008 financial crisis was sparked by vulnerabilities in the US and Britain, but quickly went global. A US-based cyber crisis could easily do the same. This creates an "externality", or global commons problem, because US regulators allow risks to build up in the system without adequately considering international implications.
An open, informed discussion that is not squelched by lobbying dollars is a national imperative.
It is a problem that cannot be overcome without confronting fundamental questions about the role of the state, privacy, and how US firms can compete globally against China, where the government is using domestic tech companies to collect data on its citizens at an exponential pace. And yet many would prefer to avoid them.
That's why there has been fierce pushback against Warren for daring to suggest that even if many services seem to be provided for free, there might still be something wrong. There was the same kind of pushback from the financial sector 15 years ago, and from the railroads back in the late 1800s. Writing in the March 1881 issue of The Atlantic, the progressive activist Henry Demarest Lloyd warned: "Our treatment of 'the railroad problem' will show the quality and calibre of our political sense. It will go far in foreshadowing the future lines of our social and political growth. It may indicate whether the American democracy, like all the democratic experiments which have preceded it, is to become extinct because the people had not wit enough or virtue enough to make the common good supreme."
Lloyd's words still ring true today. At this point, ideas for regulating Big Tech are just sketches, and of course more serious analysis is warranted. An open, informed discussion that is not squelched by lobbying dollars is a national imperative. The debate that Warren has joined is not about whether to establish socialism. It is about making capitalist competition fairer and, ultimately, stronger.
Kenneth Rogoff ia a former chief economist of the IMF and professor of economics and public policy at Harvard University. He was a keynote speaker at The Australian Financial Review Business Summit in 2018.
Kenneth Rogoff is a former chief economist of the International Monetary Fund and Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Harvard University.


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Aßling este o comună din landul Bavaria, Germania.

Districtul Ebersberg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia