text:
Q: suggestions on first courses in game theory I am looking for introductory texts in Game Theory. It will my first time studying this, and I prefer the non-economics kind (which I always find in the internet). If there is a biological slant to it, then even better.
Please suggest textbook entries (priority), lecture notes of different courses (secondary).
Thanks

A: An Introduction to game theory by Martin J. Osborne is a very good introductory textbook.
Here's the link: https://www.economics.utoronto.ca/osborne/igt/
Also, these lecture notes by MIT are very good but I'll suggest you go through with the book first, it has theory from basics and pretty good questions too.
Lectures Link: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/economics/14-126-game-theory-spring-2016/

A: Another standard (and very good) introductory book on Game Theory is Gibbons "Game Theory for Applied Economists," which is circulated in Europe under the title "A Primer in Game Theory."
Gibbons on Amazon
A more gentle introduction to game theory is "Games of Strategy" by Avniash Dixit and Susan Skeath. It puts more emphasis on intuition and less on math. I personally prefer Gibbons, but some students seem to like Dixit's book more.
Dixiit and Skeath on amazon

A: I second the MIT lecture notes https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/economics/14-126-game-theory-spring-2016/lecture-notes/ and
An Introductory Course on Mathematical Game Theory by González-Díaz et al.
https://bookstore.ams.org/gsm-115/


This is why we march: Silence IS Violence, it is the tacit acceptance of the unacceptable. It is the aknowledgement that we, as a community are beaten. Silence and inaction are not an option, do you hear me Ray? While lackwit Reilly tells us that the crime has gotten better people are shot down in cold blood, and in their own homes no less.If I believed in silence I would not write, I would not blog, I would not run my mouth in the face of injustice. Silence IS Violence.
Tomorrow we will join as a community and march on City Hall. 11 am at the foot of Canal St. is where it all begins, although various neighborhood groups will be doing their own marches t this meeting point.
Be there for the sake of the recently dead. Be there for Dinerral Shavers of the Hot 8 Brass Band, Jealina Brown, Steve Blair, Corey Hayes, Eddy Saint Fleur, Don Morgan, Helen Hill, Larry Glover, and Monier Gindy. Be there before it is your name or your wife's or maybe even your child's on a list like this.
Two of our number, the NOLABloggers that is, will be speaking once we reach City Hall: the voices of B.Rox, and Squandered Heritage will be raised along with others. Join us, be part of the solution, take our city back!
There is no joy in Mudville, Warren Riley has struck out!


text:
Aylesbury home severely damaged by fire and smoke after cooker left on
A property in Aylesbury has been severely damaged by fire and smoke after the occupants went out and left the cooker on.
Three fire crews from Aylesbury and Tring were called to the two-storey semi-detached property in Hilton Avenue just before 6.30pm yesterday evening (Tuesday).
Library image of a fire engine
Station Commander Darren Knowles, who was part of the team that tackled the blaze said: "Crews worked extremely hard to extinguish the fire and make sure it didn't spread through to the neighbouring property.
"The fire was caused by a cooker being left on.
"Because many of the doors in the house had been left open, there was severe smoke and fire damage throughout the property."
Firefighters used a main jet, two hose reels, four sets of breathing apparatus and a fan to clear smoke from the property.
Officers from Thames Valley Police and crews from South Central Ambulance Service also attended.
A fire investigation officer attended because of the severity of the fire, and volunteers from the British Red Cross attended in their fire and emergency support service vehicle to help look after the householders, who are currently being assisted by neighbours and family.
Darren added: "The house had smoke alarms which activated.
"The householders were out at the time, but this potentially gave a pre-warning to neighbouring properties."
Following last night's incident, Bucks Fire and Rescue is reminding people to test their smoke alarms once a month, and to keep internal doors closed, particularly at night and when going out.
New data reveals Buckinghamshire's gambling hotspots

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nelly for Three: Clash of Clans Town Halls
Clash of Clans… a game where boys become men. A game where only the strongest of minds can survive. As a Town Hall 14 myself and self-proclaimed best player in the school, it is my duty to end the age-old debate. What is the best Town Hall in the history of Clash of Clans?
Nelly for Three: Super Bowl Favorites
Nelson Williams , Staff Writer • January 16, 2023
Heading into the 2023 NFL playoffs, I've heard many opinions swirling around that I need to set straight. No, the Dallas Cowboys will not be doing anything noteworthy in these playoffs. The Eagles will most definitely not be flying anywhere near a playoff victory either. Instead of going over every team, I will just give the only correct top three Super Bowl favorites.


text:
Home	Life Style	In Las Vegas, the Home-Style Pizza Is an Everything Pie
In Las Vegas, the Home-Style Pizza Is an Everything Pie
written by admin March 6, 2020
In a city with the Eiffel Tower, the Space Needle and an Egyptian pyramid all along the LED screen-lined Las Vegas Strip, it should be no surprise that seemingly every regional variety of pizza is available.
But what may surprise is the level of craft brought to pizza in Las Vegas. These pies aren't from frozen balls of dough or assembly-line creations. They are the creations of people passionate about their craft who have also formed a tight-knit community where the pizzamakers share recipes and support each other.
"In order for us to make better pizza than there was 10 years ago, or a week ago, or yesterday, we have to be committed to helping each other in our community and our industry," says the owner and pizzamaker at Good Pie, Vincent Rotolo, who relocated to Las Vegas from Brooklyn in 2011. "When that happens, that's where the magic is."
These days, Las Vegas has a thriving pizza scene, an open community of pizzaiolos (or pizzamakers) dedicated to expanding the profile of Sin City's pizza scene, and embracing the influence of outsiders who are bringing hometown ideas to a city without a style of its own.
Mr. Rotolo and John Arena — who is something of the city's pizza godfather, having moved to Vegas from Brooklyn in 1980 to buy a pizza shop — are two of the founders of the two-year-old Las Vegas Pizza Alliance. On any given day, they can be found with other local pizzamakers, bouncing around ideas and recipe tweaks.
The Alliance threw the city's first Pizza Festival on Nov. 16, drawing a near-sellout crowd to an event space just off the Strip where, under a cloudless sky, locals and visitors alike got both a taste of the city's many artisan pizzas, and takeout boxes filled with enough pizza to last for days.
Mr. Arena routinely travels to pizzerias, and also responds to questions from pizzaiolos from around the world, including Brazil and China. He's even taught a class on the dish at the University of Nevada Las Vegas. In one instance, Flour & Barley, a restaurant on the Strip, asked Mr. Rotolo to consult on its gluten-free pies, one of Mr. Rotolo's specialties. The restaurant ended up taking first place in the category at the 2017 USA Caputo Cup, a pizza competition at the Pizza & Pasta Northeast, in Atlantic City, N.J.
That sharing of what used to be secretive makes sense considering the varied background of local pizzeria owners. Some, like Mr. Arena, come from pizza-making families, while others, like the Buffalo-raised Chris Palmeri of Naked City Pizza, came to Vegas originally as a fine dining chef, but found the corporate world of the Strip casinos off-putting.
It all adds up to a city that has a pizza style for seemingly every taste. Unlike the signature facsimiles of Vegas, including the faux Statue of Liberty at New York-New York Hotel and Casino, these pies are authentic takes, sometimes prepared by a city's expats, other times by students of pizza history.
There are acclaimed — and in some cases, award-winning — versions of the square, sauce-on-cheese grandma, the thick-and-chewy-crusted Detroit and gluten-free pizzas at Good Pie; the cheese-heavy, Buffalo-style pizza, complete with cup-and-char pepperoni, at Naked City Pizza; square and circular pan pizza at Mr. Arena's Metro Pizza and Chicago deep-dish pies at Amore Taste of Chicago.
The dish is showing up on menus at non-pizzerias, too: James Trees, who once worked with the award-winning chef Michael Mina at Aqua Las Vegas (among other restaurants), has added his own sourdough pizza menu to his Arts District Italian eatery, Esther's Kitchen.
That eclecticism spreads to the dining experiences, as well. Metro Pizza, which has five locations in Las Vegas and the surrounding area, has a welcoming, all-ages feel at its largest restaurant in the city's Centennial Hills neighborhood, with deep, padded booths and a painted map of "America's Family of Pizzerias" on the wall.
To pay tribute to the grandma pie and the nonnas who made and make it, Mr. Rotolo has arranged a wall of photos of grandmothers — his and others (including the mid-90s "Grandmama" character that Larry Johnson, the former forward at the University of Nevada Las Vegas and pro basketball star, made famous in popular Converse commercials. That wall will expand, Mr. Rotolo says, as Good Pie plans its move this spring to the Las Vegas Arts District, alongside the up-and-coming neighborhood's new bars, galleries and restaurants.
There are more traditional Vegas experiences, too: The Cosmopolitan hotel's slice counter, hidden at the end of an unmarked, record-lined hallway on the hotel's third floor, is known as "Secret Pizza," and seems busiest as the hotel's nightclub winds down, and Evel Pie, where Mr. Rotolo was once the head pizzaiolo, has a punk-rock-meets-Evel-Knievel aesthetic, replete with a Knievel-themed pinball machine, '70s-era bunting and music, and the words "Live Hard, Ride Fast, Eat Pizza" in lights above the bar.
"If I'm in New York, I'm opening a New York-style pizza place. If I'm in Chicago, I'm going to do deep-dish Chicago," says Mr. Rotolo. "But being in Vegas, you can choose to create the style of pizza which you're most deeply connected to, because it brings you back to that nostalgic place of whatever home represents to you."
52 PLACES AND MUCH, MUCH MORE Discover the best places to go in 2020, and find more Travel coverage by following us on Twitter and Facebook. And sign up for our Travel Dispatch newsletter: Each week you'll receive tips on traveling smarter, stories on hot destinations and access to photos from all over the world.
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Detailed, supported product and marketing information are essential elements for brand owners and sponsors in the listed complementary medicine product development process. Qualified, evidence-based product and ingredient verification means they do not need to develop that aspect of new marketing campaigns.
Specific and detailed product or ingredient features, as well as product knowledge by the manufacturer, leads to brand reliability and trust in the marketplace, but it's not easily attained. Evolutionary new product development and the important role played by innovative ingredients gives TransChem customers, both contracted manufacturers and brand owners, a competitive edge when it comes to detailed product knowledge.
Brand manufacturers want products that demonstrate developed and supported ingredient claims and benefits, as well as appropriate marketing support material, to market and better position their product to end consumers.
Essentially, sponsors want ingredients that sell themselves; they want ingredients with a pool of leverageable claims supported by readily available, TGA compliant evidence. Without industry experience, expertise and high level service support, this is not a simple equation.
When TransChem customers source ingredients, the products are backed by detailed marketing information and leveraged, evidence-based and supported claims. This knowledge is underscored by a deep understanding of client needs and is part of a suite of customer service operations TransChem offers to assist branded product development and effective end consumer marketing.
TransChem is well placed to provide its customers with detailed, reliable information: it has a broad, long standing international product sourcing network, together with a close and trusted stable of suppliers of innovative ingredients. It maintains constant communication with ingredient suppliers and regularly attends international conferences and trade shows researching the background of both the innovative ingredients and suppliers.
It would be unusual for a stand alone brand to have this international scope, reach or expertise and would take years to replicate. TransChem's longstanding relationships with international suppliers provides brands with a true competitive edge, guaranteeing both brands and manufacturers ingredient innovation, verification, traceability and quality, effectively slipstreaming them towards end stage new product development.
Professionally qualified and with cumulative decades of industry experience supplying raw materials and high quality ingredients to the pharmaceutical, food, beverage, animal health, personal care, complementary medicine and dietary supplements industries, TransChem's staff offer an international perspective and understanding of the nutraceutical industry and are well positioned to assist brands substantiate new product knowledge from a technical, marketing and regulatory perspective.


text:
Emily Hackett Premieres 'Can't Help Myself'
True Americana singer Emily Hackett is premiering the music video for her newest single 'Can't Help Myself' today.
Emily stands out among her peers with her fine-tuned storytelling, and her ability to move you with every word, every beat, every melody, and every powerful hook. The song is about bettering yourself but being unable to grasp it's actually on the other side due to its right in front of you. Emily chalks up the first half of the song in a gritty angsty-ridden spirit but soon finds herself in a mellowed out chorus among truth.
"This song stood out among the rest of the EP because of the attitude it carried.", Emily explained. Continuing, she stated, "It's a song about trying to be a better version of yourself but still dealing with your same bullshit. So yeah, it's a little angsty. We all get most frustrated with ourselves because we know best when we're falling for the same little voice in our head. The ego is a finicky little guy. I wanted the video to match that manic conversation you have in your head where your anxiety meets the self-help books you've been reading. The juxtaposition of the urban setting and the farm are intended to portray that as well."
The song is also made in collaboration with Hardcastle, fast rising underground Nashville band. The collaboration brings a new perspective to the song as the lead singer Graham Laderman previously stated, "We enjoyed helping bring Emily's vision to life. Working in this atmosphere brought a new perspective to working together in the studio as well."
The single is just icing to her upcoming EP as it follows her 2018 release of 'By The Sun' and it's counterpart, 2019's By The Moon, music that landed her as one of CMT's Next Women of Country in 2019.
Keep up with Emily on Instagram and be sure to catch her most popular tracks on Spotify below.
Photographer Daniel Dmitri
Footage Daniel Dmitri
Editing Amber Robb
Can't Help Myself
Emily Hackett


text:
from typing import Any, Dict
import tensorflow as tf

from keras import backend as K
from keras.regularizers import l1

from .masked_layer import MaskedLayer

class AdaptiveRecurrence:
    '''
    This recurrence class peforms an adaptive number of memory network steps. This is performed
    in the AdaptiveStep layer. In order to take an adaptive number of steps, at each memory network
    iteration, we compute a probability of halting via the dot product of the memory representation
    and a parameter of the model. We are effectively implementing a single step of the Adaptive
    Computation Time algorithm (Graves, 2016): https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08983. The behaviour of
    this recurrence is governed by the epsilon, max_computation and ponder_cost parameters, described
    below.

    Note that within this Layer, there is tensorflow code, which
    therefore creates a dependency on using the tensorflow Keras backend.

    Using this method of recurrence means building all the layers we use in the memory network step
    _within_ the AdaptiveStep layer. This means that it is difficult to debug using Keras or the
    debugging code within this repository, as all the parameters for intermediate layers will
    be assigned to the AdaptiveLayer.

    Additionally, because Tensorflow (and Theano) build static computational graphs, this recurrence
    method only supports Layers within it's adaptive step that share weights across memory network steps.
    The reason for this is because we don't know the number of steps we are going to do in advance,
    Tensorflow can't generate all the required weights. However, if weight sharing is used, Tensorflow
    can create one copy of the weights and although the number of iterations of the memory step is
    non-deterministic, the computational graph can be statically defined - we just loop over a part of it.
    '''
    def __init__(self, memory_network, params: Dict[str, Any]):
        if K.backend() == 'theano':
            raise Exception("You are trying to use an adaptive method for performing memory network "
                            "steps using Keras with Theano as its backend. This recurrence method "
                            "requires Keras to use Tensorflow as it's backend, as it has native "
                            "tensorflow code mixed in which is not compatible with theano.")

        self.memory_network = memory_network
        self.adaptive_step_params = params

    def __call__(self, encoded_question, current_memory, encoded_knowledge):
        adaptive_layer = AdaptiveStep(self.memory_network, self.adaptive_step_params)
        return adaptive_layer([encoded_question, current_memory, encoded_knowledge])

class AdaptiveStep(MaskedLayer):
    '''
    This layer implements a single step of the halting component of the Adaptive Computation Time algorithm,
    generalised so that it can be applied to any arbitrary function. Here, that function is a single memory network
    step. This can be seen as a differentiable while loop, where the halting condition is an accumulated
    'halting probability' which is computed at every memory network step using the following formula:

    halting_probability = sigmoid(W * memory_vector + b)

    where W,b are parameters of the network. This halting probability is then accumulated and when it
    increments over 1 - epsilon, we halt and return the current_memory and the attended_knowledge from
    the last step.

    The main machinery implemented here is to deal with doing this process with batched inputs.
    There is a subtlety here regarding the batch_size, as clearly we will have samples halting
    at different points in the batch. This is dealt with using logical masks to protect accumulated
    probabilities, states and outputs from a timestep t's contribution if they have already reached
    1 - epsilon at a timestep s < t.
    '''
    def __init__(self, memory_network, layer_params: Dict[str, Any],
                 initialization='glorot_uniform', name='adaptive_layer', **kwargs):
        # Dictates the value at which we halt the memory network steps (1 - epsilon).
        # Necessary so that the network can learn to halt after one step. If we didn't have
        # this, the first halting value is < 1 in practise as it is the output of a sigmoid.
        self.epsilon = layer_params.pop("epsilon", 0.01)
        self.one_minus_epsilon = tf.constant(1.0 - self.epsilon, name='one_minus_epsilon')
        # Used to bound the number of memory network hops we do. Necessary to prevent
        # the network from learning that the loss it achieves can be minimised by
        # simply not stopping.
        self.max_val = layer_params.pop("max_computation", 10)
        self.max_computation = tf.constant(self.max_val, tf.float32, name='max_computation')
        # Regularisation coefficient for the ponder cost. In order to dictate how many steps you want
        # to take, we add |number of steps| to the training objective, in the same way as you might add
        # weight regularisation. This makes the model optimise performance whilst moderating the number
        # of steps it takes. This parameter is _extremely_ sensitive. Consider as well that this parameter
        # will affect the training time of your model, as it will take more steps if it is small. Bear this
        # in mind when doing grid searches over this parameter.
        self.ponder_cost_strength = layer_params.pop("ponder_cost_strength", 0.05)
        self.memory_network = memory_network
        self.init = initialization
        self.name = name
        # Attributes to be defined when we build this layer.
        self.halting_weight = None
        self.halting_bias = None
        self.trainable_weights = []
        super(AdaptiveStep, self).__init__(**kwargs)

    def build(self, input_shape):
        # pylint: disable=protected-access
        '''
        The only weight that this layer requires is used in a simple dot product with the current_memory
        to generate the halting_probability. We define the weight shape with the 2nd input to this
        layer, as this is the memory representation, which will dictate the required size. Note that this is
        actually building layers defined within the Memory Network. We alter the size of the shapes for each
        of the layers as they are done sequentially and would normally be built with the shape of the input.
        Here, we have to specify it manually as we want to build them in advance, rather than when they are
        called.
        '''
        input_dim = input_shape[1][-1]

        self.halting_weight = self.add_weight(((input_dim,) + (1,)),
                                              initializer=self.init,
                                              name='{}_halting_weight'.format(self.name))
        self.halting_bias = self.add_weight((),
                                            initializer=self.init,
                                            name='{}_halting_bias'.format(self.name))
        self.trainable_weights = [self.halting_weight, self.halting_bias]

        background_knowledge_shape = list(input_shape[2])

        knowledge_selector_input_shape = list(background_knowledge_shape)
        # Shape after appending original question and
        knowledge_selector_input_shape[-2] += 2
        knowledge_selector = self.memory_network._get_knowledge_selector(0)
        knowledge_selector.build(tuple(knowledge_selector_input_shape))
        self.trainable_weights.extend(knowledge_selector.trainable_weights)

        knowledge_combiner_input_shape = list(background_knowledge_shape)
        # Shape after appending the attention mask to the background knowledge.
        knowledge_combiner_input_shape[-1] += 1
        knowledge_combiner = self.memory_network._get_knowledge_combiner(0)
        knowledge_combiner.build(tuple(knowledge_combiner_input_shape))
        self.trainable_weights.extend(knowledge_combiner.trainable_weights)

        memory_updater_input_shape = list(background_knowledge_shape)
        # Shape after removing the knowledge_length dimension (post knowledge_combiner)
        # and concatenating the original_question, current_memory and attended_knowledge.
        memory_updater_input_shape.pop(-2)
        memory_updater_input_shape[-1] *= 3
        memory_updater = self.memory_network._get_memory_updater(0)
        memory_updater.build(tuple(memory_updater_input_shape))
        self.trainable_weights.extend(memory_updater.trainable_weights)
        super(AdaptiveStep, self).build(input_shape)

    def call(self, inputs, mask=None):
        encoded_question, current_memory, encoded_knowledge = inputs
        # We need to create a tensor which doesn't have the encoding_dim dimension. So that this Layer is
        # independent of the dimension of the input tensors, we just sum over the last dimension to remove it.
        # We only use this to create variables, nothing else.
        memory_cell = K.sum(current_memory, -1)
        # This is a boolean mask, holding whether a particular sample has halted.
        batch_mask = tf.cast(tf.ones_like(memory_cell, name='batch_mask'), tf.bool)
        # This counts the number of memory steps per sample.
        hop_counter = tf.zeros_like(memory_cell, name='hop_counter')
        # This accumulates the halting probabilities.
        halting_accumulator = tf.zeros_like(memory_cell, name='halting_accumulator')
        # This also accumulates the halting probabilities, with the difference being that if an
        # outputed probability causes a particular sample to go over 1 - epsilon, this accumulates
        # that value, but the halting_accumulator does not. This variable is _only_ used in the
        # halting condition of the loop.
        halting_accumulator_for_comparison = tf.zeros_like(memory_cell,
                                                           name='halting_acc_for_comparision')
        # This accumulates the weighted memory vectors at each memory step. The memory is weighted by the
        # halting probability and added to this accumulator.
        memory_accumulator = tf.zeros_like(current_memory, name='memory_accumulator')
        # We need the attended_knowledge from the last memory network step, so we create a dummy variable to
        # input to the while_loop, as tensorflow requires the input signature to match the output signature.
        attended_knowledge_loop_placeholder = tf.zeros_like(current_memory, name='attended_knowledge_placeholder')

        # Add the ponder cost variable as a regulariser to the loss function.
        ponder_cost = l1(self.ponder_cost_strength)
        self.add_loss(ponder_cost(hop_counter))
        # This actually does the computation of self.adaptive_memory_hop,
        # checking the condition at every step to see if it should stop.

        # The while loop has to produce as many variables as it has inputs - we only need the last two.
        *_, current_memory, attended_knowledge = \
            tf.while_loop(cond=self.halting_condition, body=self.adaptive_memory_hop,
                          loop_vars=[batch_mask,
                                     halting_accumulator,
                                     halting_accumulator_for_comparison,
                                     hop_counter,
                                     encoded_question,
                                     current_memory,
                                     encoded_knowledge,
                                     memory_accumulator,
                                     attended_knowledge_loop_placeholder
                                    ])

        return [current_memory, attended_knowledge]

    def halting_condition(self,
                          batch_mask,
                          halting_accumulator,
                          halting_accumulator_for_comparison,
                          hop_counter,
                          encoded_question,
                          current_memory,
                          encoded_knowledge,
                          memory_accumulator,
                          attended_knowledge_placeholder):
        # Tensorflow requires that we use all of the variables used in the tf.while_loop as inputs to the
        # condition for halting the loop, even though we only actually make use of two of them.
        # pylint: disable=unused-argument

        # This condition checks the batch elementwise to see if any of the accumulated halting
        # probabilities have gone over one_minus_epsilon in the previous iteration.
        probability_condition = tf.less(halting_accumulator_for_comparison, self.one_minus_epsilon)
        # This condition checks the batch elementwise to see if any have taken more steps than the max allowed.
        max_computation_condition = tf.less(hop_counter, self.max_computation)
        # We only stop if both of the above conditions are true....
        combined_conditions = tf.logical_and(probability_condition, max_computation_condition)
        # ... for the entire batch.
        return tf.reduce_any(combined_conditions)

    def adaptive_memory_hop(self,
                            batch_mask,
                            halting_accumulator,
                            halting_accumulator_for_comparison,
                            hop_counter,
                            encoded_question,
                            previous_memory,
                            encoded_knowledge,
                            memory_accumulator,
                            attended_knowledge):
        '''
        In this method, we do a full step of the memory network and generate the probability of halting
        per example, followed by various updates to counters and masks which are used to control the halting
        mechanism for the batch of samples.
        '''
        # First things first: let's actually do a memory network step. This is exactly the same as in the
        # vanilla memory network.
        current_memory, attended_knowledge = self.memory_network.memory_step(
                encoded_question, previous_memory, encoded_knowledge)

        # Here, we are computing the probability that each sample in the batch will halt at this iteration.
        # This outputs a vector of probabilities of shape (samples, ), or (samples, num_options) for memory
        # networks with multiple answer options.
        with tf.variable_scope("halting_calculation"):
            halting_probability = tf.squeeze(tf.sigmoid(
                    K.dot(current_memory, self.halting_weight) + self.halting_bias), [-1])
        # This is where the loop condition variables are controlled, which takes several steps.
        # First, we compute a new batch mask, which will be of size (samples, ). We want there
        # to be 0s where a given sample's adaptive loop should have halted. To check this, we
        # compare element-wise the halting_accumulator plus this iteration's halting probabilities
        # to see if they are less than 1 - epsilon. Additionally, if a given sample had halted at
        # the previous batch, we don't want these to accidentally start again in this iteration,
        # so we also compare to the previous batch_mask using logical and.

        # Example of why we need to protect against the above scenario:
        # If we were at 0.8 and generated a probability of 0.3, which would take us over 1 - epsilon.
        #  We then don't add this to the halting_accumulator, and then in the next iteration, we
        # generate 0.1, which would not take us over the limit, as the halting_accumulator is still
        # at 0.8. However, we don't want to consider this contribution, as we have already halted.
        new_batch_mask = tf.logical_and(
                tf.less(halting_accumulator + halting_probability, self.one_minus_epsilon), batch_mask)

        # Next, we update the halting_accumulator by adding on the halting_probabilities from this
        # iteration, masked by the new_batch_mask. Note that this means that if the halting_probability
        # for a given sample has caused the accumulator to go over 1 - epsilon, we DO NOT update this
        # value in the halting_accumulator. Values in this accumulator can never be over 1 - epsilon.
        new_float_mask = tf.cast(new_batch_mask, tf.float32)
        halting_accumulator += halting_probability * new_float_mask

        # Finally, we update the halting_accumulator_for_comparison, which is only used in
        # the halting condition in the while_loop. Note that here, we are adding on the halting
        # probabilities multiplied by the previous iteration's batch_mask, which means that we
        # DO update samples over 1 - epsilon. This means that we can check in the loop condition
        # to see if all samples are over 1 - epsilon, which means we should halt the while_loop.
        halting_accumulator_for_comparison += halting_probability * tf.cast(batch_mask, tf.float32)

        # This just counts the number of memory network steps we take for each sample.
        # We use this for regularisation - by adding this to the loss function, we can bias
        # the network to take fewer steps.
        hop_counter += new_float_mask

        # This condition checks whether a sample has gone over the permitted number of memory steps.
        counter_condition = tf.less(hop_counter, self.max_computation)

        # If a given sample is under the max number of steps AND not yet halted, we use the "use_probability"
        # value in the conditional below. This option is just accumulating the memory network state, as the
        # output of this whole loop is a weighted sum of the memory representations with respect to the
        # halting probabilities at each step. Additionally, we multiply by the previous batch mask so that
        # if we have previously stopped for a given batch, we never add any more on in a future timestep.

        # The second "use_remainder" option is taken when a given batch should halt, determined by the
        # final_iteration_condition. Instead of using the final halting_probability, we use
        # 1 - _halting_accumulator, due to the  1 - epsilon halting condition, as the final probability
        # also needs to take into account this epsilon value.
        not_final_iteration_condition = tf.expand_dims(tf.logical_and(new_batch_mask, counter_condition), -1)

        use_probability = tf.expand_dims(halting_probability, -1)
        use_remainder = tf.expand_dims(1.0 - halting_accumulator, -1)

        memory_update_weight = tf.where(not_final_iteration_condition, use_probability, use_remainder)
        expanded_batch_mask = tf.expand_dims(tf.cast(batch_mask, tf.float32), -1)
        memory_accumulator += current_memory * memory_update_weight * expanded_batch_mask

        # We have to return all of these values as a requirement of the tf.while_loop. Some of them,
        # we haven't updated, such as the encoded_question and encoded_knowledge.
        return [new_batch_mask,
                halting_accumulator,
                halting_accumulator_for_comparison,
                hop_counter,
                encoded_question,
                current_memory,
                encoded_knowledge,
                memory_accumulator,
                attended_knowledge]

    def compute_mask(self, inputs, mask=None):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
        # We don't want to mask either of the outputs here, so we return None for both of them.
        return [None, None]

    def compute_output_shape(self, input_shapes):
        # We output two tensors from this layer, the final memory representation and
        # the attended knowledge from the final memory network step. Both have the same
        # shape as the initial memory vector, likely (samples, encoding_dim), which is
        # passed in as the 2nd argument, so we return this shape twice.
        return [input_shapes[1], input_shapes[1]]

    def get_config(self):
        config = {
                # TODO: This won't work when we reload the model.
                'memory_network': self.memory_network.__class__,
                'name': self.name,
                'init': self.init,
                'ponder_cost_strength': self.ponder_cost_strength,
                'epsilon': self.epsilon,
                'max_computation': self.max_val
        }
        base_config = super(AdaptiveStep, self).get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
ABOUT CDR
Working at CDR
Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology
Ocular Drug Delivery Group
Biomaterial and Nanomedicines Group
Transdermal Drug Delivery Group
Predictive/in silico ADME
ADME Drug Discovery Tools
Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology
Computational Drug Discovery
Computational Drug Discovery Group
Computational Nanomedicine Group
Bioactivity Screening
Bioactivity Screening Group
In vivo Imaging Core Facility
In vivo Imaging Group
Cancer and Chemical Biology Group
International Educational Networks
Predoctoral M.Sc./Ph.D.
Research-oriented M.Sc. degree in Pharmacy
CDR Blog
GPEN 2014
Arriving in Finland
Hosting Faculties
Contact CDR
You are here: Home ABOUT CDR Scientists and Staff
PAUL BROMANN, PH.D.
Research Manager
Paul Bromann received his Ph.D. in Neuroscience in 1999 (Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA) and completed postdoctoral fellowships with Dr. Joshua Sanes (Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO, USA) and Dr. Sara Courtneidge (Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA).
Dr. Bromann has extensive experience in protein engineering and also has several years of project management experience in academia as well as in industry. He served as Senior Scientist and Project Manager at NexBio, Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA), where he led and managed a multi-disciplinary group project to develop a recombinant protein therapeutic, Sepcidin, to treat viral and inflammatory diseases. He also served as Research Scientist/Project Manager at VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland. At VTT, Dr. Bromann internally managed a large EU project called Metaexplore, and led efforts to develop state-of-the-art metagenomics techniques for discovering and commercially exploiting novel enzymes for industrial applications.
As part of the CDR's commitment to developing novel biobased drug discovery and pharmaceutical nanotechnology tools, Dr. Bromann serves as Research Manager for the CDR. He provides support to the Director in the development and management activities of the CDR including: promoting and coordinating collaboration with domestic and international industry, academia, and government agencies; and, the facilitation of patenting and technology transfer of CDR innovations.
Contact Dr. Bromann
Natural Product Drug Discovery
Written on Tuesday, 28 October 2014 11:08
HOME | ABOUT CDR | STAFF DIRECTORY | NEWS & EVENTS| PRIVACY POLICY | CONTACT US
Copyright © 2012. CDR and the University of Helsinki. All Rights Reserved.


text:
GX5 is alive: Inmarsat activates newest satellite in the Global Xpress constellation
10 December 2020 By Seth Miller Leave a Comment
The Inmarsat Global Xpress (GX) satellite network just tripled its capacity. The newest satellite, GX5, is now active, bringing roughly double the bandwidth of the GX1-4 satellites online. And while the initial GX constellation focused on a broad, global footprint, the new GX5 satellite focuses its massive capacity on the key flight path between Europe and the Middle East, providing a major boost to the GX Aviation network.
We are in this for the long haul, with customer and partner trust based on four-decades of meeting our commitments and a bright future ahead, guided by our technology roadmap. Entry into service of GX5 is the first of several exciting steps ahead for us on that journey.
– Rupert Pearce, Chief Executive Officer of Inmarsat
Activation of GX5 marks the start of a multi-year campaign to dramatically increase services and coverage available on the GX network. Another seven Ka-band payloads, all fully funded, are slated for launch by 2024. The additional satellites will add speed, capacity and resilience to the GX network. It also includes a pair in a highly elliptical orbit, providing coverage in the Arctic polar region. That broadband capacity will be unique among satellite communications services.
Inmarsat is activating six new ground stations to support the GX5 satellite.
Terminal compatibility
Also key to the Inmarsat value proposition is compatibility of services across the existing installed terminal base. Planes flying with the GX Aviation or (JetConneX/JX version for business jets) can access the GX5 satellite. This immediately allows Inmarsat to increase performance while switching aircraft to less congested beams.
With the planned growth of the GX Aviation install base across Qatar Airways and Emirates the utility of this additional capacity can not be underestimated.
The existing terminals will not be able to "roam" on to the new GX+ network in North America, but the existing coverage and capacity on the GX2 satellite should continue to be sufficient for the GX aircraft flying into that region, at least until the next round of payloads enters service.
There's more to the story…Dig deeper with a PaxEx.Aero Premium Subscription
Filed Under: IFEC, PremCat


Thanks to all military in the world who give their lives for all of us!
I'm glad we all remember!
Great tribute. It's important to remember the sacrifice they've made for us.
Nicely done,So good to see a young person with a sense of what's right.
Thank you for remembering. I heart you for this post.
Happy belated Veteran's Day! And you're right... thank you.
Nice of you saying thank you.


My weekend looks like it is going to be jammed packed! Tomorrow I have to run some errands. I am going to pick up some food. A local church does the Angel Ministry and they were doing - buy one unit and they will give one away. So... I bought one unit. Therefore, I have a set time I have to and get my unit. Then I need to help my husband find our Christmas decorations so we can put them up next Friday. I need to clean because I refuse for my house to be a mess over Thanksgiving. I need to clean out my car there was a Pepsi incident. Then I need to get a gift wrapped for a Birthday Party at 11A. Then I am coming home and finishing whatever of my list I didn't get done. After that we are having some friends over for a potato and chili soup bar and watching Lord of the Rings 1.
Then we get into Sunday and that's church, a birthday party, and church again!


text:
Intraocular pressure using rebound tonometry in the Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus)
Published in International Journey of Veterinary Research | January 3, 2023
J.E. Christman *, K.J. Lohmann, M. Hirschfeld, J.P. Muñoz-Pérez, J. Garcia, J.A. Hernandez, H. Westermeyer, G.A. Lewbart
The Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) is the world's only marine lizard and is capable of swimming and diving to depths of several meters to forage for food. Thus, the physiology of this species must accommodate both terrestrial and underwater environments. Until now, no studies have evaluated ocular health parameters in this species. Free-ranging Galápagos marine iguanas (n=26) were captured in the field. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using rebound tonometry at the beginning and end of the handling period. Tear production was measured using Schirmer tear test (STT) and endodontic absorbent paper point test (EPPT). Baseline physiologic parameters including heart rate and body temperature, as well as morphometric parameters (body weight, total length, snout vent length, hemipene sulcus length), and baseline blood parameters (packed cell volume, total protein, lactate) were evaluated. The mean IOP was 9.4 mm Hg (SD±1.4) and is comparable to other terrestrial iguanid species. Mean STT was 4.1 mm/minute and EPPT was 11.1 mm/minute. The IOP did not vary with snout vent length, total weight, hemipene sulcus length, or between the right and left eye. The IOP was higher at the beginning of handling compared to the end of handling, likely due to immediate stress associated with capture. The IOP did not vary with packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP), or lactate. These results represent a first step toward establishing a baseline for ocular health parameters in marine iguanas.
Learn more about the study at the following link: http://injvr.com/article-1-39-en.html
Team of researchers from Galapagos Science Center and Galapagos National Park seek to protect marine biodiversity and understand climate variability through marine expedition
El GSC, a través de la USFQ y UNC junto a la DPNG, mantienen sus Expediciones de Investigación Científica alrededor de la Reserva Marina de Galápagos
Spatial Patterns of Upwelling at the Galápagos Influence Fish Assemblages & Environmental Records in the Otoliths of Fishes
Alsacio Northia Avenue, in front of Playa Mann,
Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, Galapagos - Ecuador
(+593) 2 297 1700 ext. 1857
info@galapagosscience.org
USFQ
UNC Center for Galapagos Studies
USFQ Galápagos
Univeristy of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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If you're interested in staying in the BVI indefinitely, you may consider applying for work permit exemption. There aren't any documented requirements for length of stay in the Territory before applying but word around rock is 20 – 25 years.
If you're close to that period of stay in the BVI, and intend to stay, what do you have to lose! We at Newbie enjoy our day at the Labour Department!
Ok, if you're still keen, here's how to apply.
Step 5: Payment is immediately reflected on account and the customer can collect their documentation. They will also be informed of the next steps required; which include presenting the approval letter and Government issued receipt to the Labour Department so that an exemption card can be issued, and visiting the Immigration Department to have their passport stamped.
Step 6: Go Celebrate . . . seriously!
A reference letter from a reputable employer or Gov't liaison might help your cause.


When I was three years old, my paternal grandmother died just days before Christmas, almost a year to the day after her husband had died. What awful Christmases those must have been for my dad, but I never knew it. As I said earlier, I have no memory of my dad's father. I don't remember his mother, either, but I remember the wake. I remember being carried into that little house that felt close and hot (it was late December, after all) and seeing a big box placed against the back wall of the living room. The room was dimly lit, but there was no avoiding that box. My grandmother was inside it. I remember wondering why she was sleeping there. I didn't associate her stillness with "dead." I had never seen anything lifeless. I didn't know what dead was.
I filed that image away in memory. Many years later, thinking maybe I had dreamed it, I finally asked my mother if she and Daddy had really taken me to the house after my grandmother died.
"But I do." I described the room and where the casket was placed against the wall and how it seemed like I was looking down at my grandmother.
"It's because your daddy was holding you," Mother said, looking stunned. "That would explain why you were looking down." I don't remember whether Mother asked me if I was afraid. I was later, with other deaths, but I did not see another dead person until I was ten years old.
I loved playing dress-up. I could make a playhouse out of anything–under the table, outside under the willow tree or even under a shrub!
About this time, the first thing I did every morning was put on a pair of my mother's slingback heels and a hat and stash a big purse under my arm and head out to the garden. Never mind that I was still in my nightgown or that my hair was in pincurls. Nothing stopped me!
Meanwhile, in the house, there was sickness. But that's a story for another day.
Maybe I was already learning to escape.
I still have some of those dolls, by the way. What childhood mementos do you have? What brings the memories back?
Age Two: Memory or Story?
I have a little wooden box that i used to collect different things in, but nothing from when I was little. My mother threw most of those things out when i was away at college. I'm really enjoying your stories!
I feel that way about my grandparents, too, even the ones I knew. My mother's dad died when I was ten, and I wasn't old enough to know what questions to ask. I would give the world to know what his service in WWI was like.
I think I still have my first doll, but she didn't turn up when I was sorting things in preparation for this challenge. Which makes me think there's more to find.
Interesting memories with such glimpses into a the personality of the girl.
I enjoy learning about you a a little girl. Love the dress up picture. I too remember my great grandmother in a casket. I was older than you though. Look forward to your next post.
Most of the dolls I received were the ones that you don't play with. My adoptive father was in Europe and Asia for most of those early years and sent those dolls that are shelf-sitters. I donated them to a doll museum in Southern Illinois.
So sweet Gerry. I have 3 school books from my childhood but mostly everything was left in the Czech Republic when we left. My children however…totally different story!
I love your pictures, by the way. The little blue dress is just too much!
When I was three we had a neighbor who was a retired school teacher. She'd invite me over and read to me, teaching me the alphabet. She had a big, heavy, oak pedestal table in the middle of her living room. The base had three long branching feet that curved out from the center. She had a collection of wooden spools from her sewing thread that I'd line up on top of the feet, from the bottom up, trying to get as many on as I could before they all slid off. I dont' think I have anything but memories and aging family members from that time, but sewing thread spools always bring those deceptively bucolic memories back.
Beautiful memory, J9. Thanks for sharing it here.
One thing I really loved to do from about age 3-5 was take all of the plastic animals I received from my trips to the doctor, put them in a pot, and stir them. I thought I was cooking–never mind that it was zoo animals I was cooking. I would serve my "soup" to all my dolls and stuffed animals that I'd gathered into a big circle around the outside picnic table. We had tea too. I think the only mementos I still have from this early in life are books. Dr. Seuss was a particular favorite!
I have my books, too. Dr. Seuss is coming up tomorrow! Thanks for the comment, Kim.


text:
little island press
publishers for and about communities
Emi's Jerusalem
From Little Island team member Emi Teng, who visited Jerusalem earlier this year.
It is difficult to write about Jerusalem without first clarifying whose Jerusalem one might be referring to. Strange as it sounds, it is but the lived reality of the Palestinian and Israeli people. Separation and conflict permeate their everyday lives; even as a visitor, I could not help but feel as though I'm in two countries at the same time.
So to provide a more lucid introduction, earlier in April, I had the good fortune of spending about a month living with a lovely Palestinian family in East Jerusalem. It was an extraordinary experience, as most vacations tend to be, and filled with some of the most amazing moments of my life thus far. Floating on the Dead Sea. The best food according to my very biased palate. Getting lost in the maze-like Old City of Jerusalem.
But the magic of travel was strongly juxtaposed with the stories of reality that I collected along the way. Like the story of a cheeky young boy who threw stones at a soldier and never got another chance at life thereafter. Stories of mothers and brothers getting thrown out of their beds in the middle of the night only to wind up at the wrong end of an assault rifle. Or the story of a five year old girl struggling to understand why she could not visit her cousins living 20 minutes away because of a massive concrete wall that separates them.
These are the stories of the people I met. The kind souls whose hospitality knows no boundaries. The everyday heroes who have to fight for some semblance of an ordinary life under some extraordinarily trying circumstances. My friends, Edward and Iman, fight for Palestine through cultural and creative expression. They established ASHTAR Theatre in 1991, a non-profit organisation that provides theatre training to the Palestinian youth with special efforts to reach out to those from marginalised communities.
Besides gaining skills in acting, the children benefit greatly from ASHTAR's programmes in terms of increased confidence and self-awareness. Theatre also offers them a means to deal with psychological trauma caused by a life of oppression and conflict. It is a worthy cause and if you have a moment to spare, please do consider supporting ASHTAR Theatre by following this link.
Samoan Queer Lives Book Launch dates in the US and NZ
Pacific women writers have their say on climate change
Thursday, May 3, 2018 - 23:55
Creative writing in island countries gets a lift
Friday, December 8, 2017 - 20:17
Writers from different islands represented in new book
Monday, December 4, 2017 - 00:00
Auckland-based Pacific publishing house turns ten
A decade of publishing Pacific books
About little island
© Copyright little island press limited 2021


I'm working on a sweater for someone and I'm just not feeling the love.
I'm making up the pattern as I go.
It's not working out exactly as I envisioned.
I've started over a few times.
Or do I just break down use a "real" pattern?
This entry was posted in knitting and tagged knitting, pattern by Patti_is_knittinginflashes. Bookmark the permalink.
Don't wait until you hate it.
It might be too late for that….
Use a real pattern. Or do want to be frustrated this early in the new year?
You are right. And I found the perfect pattern to use.
That's really neat that you started it! What kind of sweater is it going to be? What made you decide to go for this? I guess if you hate every stitch you might want to stop now, but what an adventurous idea.
It's a cardigan for my grandson. I wanted to knit something similar to the sweaters I knit for the twins for Christmas 2012 but I didn't have a boy version. I thought I could make it up as I went. It's worked before. I was wrong. I've found a pattern I like so I'll be ripping this out and starting over.
No sense in wasting your time…..rip it out…..find a pattern you like and go for it!


text:
Britain's 'greenest golf course' to host PGA Seniors' Major
12.26am 29th August 2013	- People
Britain's greenest golf course – The 18th hole at Thorpeness overlooked by the House in the Clouds
Thorpeness Hotel and Golf Club in Suffolk, "Britain's greenest golf course," welcomes more than 40 of Britain's finest veteran golf professionals this week for the PGA Super 60's Championship.
The overall winner of the STRI Golf Environment Awards in 2012 is dubbed the most environmentally friendly golf course in Britain.
Thorpeness was recognised for its achievement when the Professional Golfers Association named it host venue for this week's PGA Super 60's, which will be contested by a field of 43 golf professionals – including several former Ryder Cup players and renowned coaches – paired with amateur partners.
The field includes ex-Ryder Cup players Lionel Platts and Maurice Bembridge, Bill Ferguson – former coach to Colin Montgomerie and Ian Woosnam, Scotland's Jim Farmer and Yorkshireman Parnell Reilly, both former Captains of the PGA.
The 36-bedroom golf hotel and James Braid designed coastal heathland course is in the holiday village of Thorpeness, on Suffolk's HeritageCoast, a place famous as a "home-from-home" for many generations of English families who escape to East Anglia for the summer months.
Paul Clouting, hotel director at Thorpeness Hotel and Golf Club, said: "One thing our guests always tell us is how much they feel at home when they stay at Thorpeness, and how this is their favourite golf club away from their home clubs.
We're proud of how golfers feel when they stay and play here and we are excited about welcoming Britain's best veteran golf professionals to experience our hospitality and take on our golf course this week."
Thorpeness is a rare combination of a classic British Golf Club set in a comfortable country hotel, where golfers can walk from bedroom to first tee in under a minute, and take drinks in a traditional bar with polished wood panelled honours board surrounded by golf trophies.
There is a strong local interest in this week's PGA Super 60's.
Thorpeness Head Professional Frank Hill, 69, is hoping to win the tournament for a second time and hopes home advantage can help him land the £1,250 first prize. He's been Head Professional at the Suffolk club since 1997 and knows the course better than any other competitor.
Frank said: "It's a fabulous achievement for Suffolk and Thorpeness to bring this national tournament to our pretty little corner of England. Over the past three years we've undergone extensive improvements and refurbishments to the golf course, including remodelling fairway and greenside bunkers, reshaping swales, run offs and aprons by the greens, adding in new tees and lengthening the 9th hole from a par four to a par five.
"The course is playing superbly well and the winner will have to play exceptional golf to finish top of the leaderboard."
Frank won the PGA Super 60's in 2006 with Brian Underwood from Lincolnshire and aims to repeat the feat this week alongside Tim Rowan Robinson, chairman of TA Hotel Collection – the Suffolk hotel group – that operates Thorpeness Hotel and Golf Club.
The PGA Super 60's is played at Thorpeness Hotel and Golf Club, Suffolk, from August 29-30 and is free to watch.
Thorpeness Hotel and Golf Club www.thorpeness.co.uk
bill ferguson / Frank Hill / James Braid / Jim Farmer / Lionel Platts / Maurice Bembridge / Parnell Reilly / STRI / STRI Golf Environment Awards / Thorpeness Hotel and Golf Club


Thoughts on Bertucci DX3 Field Watches?
USB powerbank WITHOUT auto off?
Label printer any good ones?
Made a power bank. But it charges so slow! Questions!
Beginner photography: What DSLR camera to buy? Anyone selling?
18650 HEATED JACKET help please!
Moved: Powered USB 2.0 or 3.0 hub with Ethernet that "just works?"
Pen cartridge that directly replaces Space Pen's?
Desperately need help with 9V sfe batteries am going "Nuts"!
Battery charger faulty or normal?


Role-playing games such as RPG, and even more so with high-quality graphics are very popular among gamers, and the game Idle Heroes is no exception. Hacking Idle Heroes will allow you to get in this game an unlimited number of all necessary game resources. You need to have enough gold coins and crystals if you want to achieve good results in the game. Of course, you can earn these resources with your own labor, but a more real and easy option is to buy them for your real money. Since we do not want to do this, we have prepared for you specifically the breaking of Idle Heroes, which is safe and, what is not unimportant, very simple.
Cheat codes Idle Heroes are secret passwords that you need to enter in the game. After that, you will be listed on the account all the resources you need. Using cheat Idle Heroes, you can pump your hero, as soon as you want, to effectively and quickly raise your level in the game. This game is very rich and exciting. A lot of mysterious maps and places in the game, which you will have to visit, but with a huge amount of game facilities for which you can buy anything you like, any dungeon, cave, mountains and gorges you are not afraid. You can overcome all obstacles and defeat any enemy.


text:
Abbey Hepner: Light at the End of History
Published on 05/25/ 2021
The Light at the End of History: Reacting to Nuclear Impact is a decade-long examination of nuclear energy, the atomic bomb, and radioactive waste. By capturing distinct marks in time, I make visible the ongoing, often invisible, relationships with nuclear technologies. The book contains seven different parts, woven together to form a narrative and reveal how different facets of the nuclear industry are connected.
I began making work on nuclear issues around 2012. My partner is an engineer, and at the time, he worked on nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and submarines. The ships he worked on were often docked in Japan, and so the events surrounding the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster seemed closer to home. We also lived in Japan in 2013. I imagined that this was what first led me to want to explore issues around nuclear energy, the atomic bomb, and radioactive waste, but the truth is that I have always lived amidst the glow of the nuclear industry. I grew up in Idaho and Utah between the Nevada Test Site (NTS), where the United States tested 1,021 atomic weapons between 1951 and 1992, and Idaho National Labs (INL), an 890-square-mile section of desert in southeast Idaho used for nuclear reactor experimentation and development.
PALINOPSIA
X-RAY FILM IMAGES
Map created by Dr. Scott White
TRANSURANIC
URANOTYPES (URANIUM PRINTS)
Upon moving to New Mexico from Japan, where I participated in disaster relief work following the 2011 tsunami and nuclear meltdown, I set out to understand the impact of the nuclear industry on my immediate surroundings. I photographed every site in the Western US that transports radioactive waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. Places like WIPP, seemingly transparent in their operations, as indicated by signage, still rest amongst us like scars on the landscape.
Transuranic is a series of uranotypes, an obsolete nineteenth-century photographic process that uses uranium instead of silver to form the image; uranium is an element used to make nuclear bombs and is the basic fuel for nuclear power reactors. The series documents nuclear facilities from an outsider's perspective. The red and yellow hue of the uranotypes is likened to the color of the sky after the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, and the material presence negates the unassuming and banal nature of these sites, reminding us of the reality ever-present in the images and in the places we inhabit.
URAVAN
LASER-ENGRAVED ARCHIVAL PIGMENT PRINTS OVER CLEAR ACRYLIC (BACKLIT)
In western Montrose county, the town of Uravan, Colorado, can still be located on a map, however it isn't easy to find because it is buried under layers of clay, soil, and rock. Standard Chemical Company established the town of approximately 1,000 residents in 1912, naming it after uranium and vanadium, two minerals mined in the area. Activities at the local processing mill contaminated the soil and groundwater with radioactive chemicals so much so that by 1986 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) closed the town and relocated residents. Uravan was shredded, burned, and buried by the EPA, creating a 680-acre Superfund site.
For Uravan, I created three-dimensional, laser-engraved pigment prints by photographing the exact locations as those in historical images of buildings that existed before the town was destroyed. Formed by the laser burning into layers of paper at various depths, the historic structures appear against bleak and empty contemporary landscapes.
MONUMENT PLINTH
LASER-ENGRAVED ARCHIVAL PIGMENT PRINTS OVER BLACK ACRYLIC
Uranium disposal cells are geometric mounds engineered to isolate radioactive material from the surrounding environment. The mounds sit above the ground and cover surfaces from a few acres to half a mile and consist of an outer shell of riprap rock and a clay soil layer that covers the radioactive material. They are designed to allow for rain runoff and to prevent plant growth from forming on top and penetrating the clay layer. Typically, the cells in the Southwest are made from demolished buildings at uranium mines, and the cells in the Midwest and East are most commonly from uranium metal engineering and processing sites.
Some sites that produced the waste contained in the cells date back to the Manhattan Project and were created to mine and construct nuclear weapons; some of the sites continue to operate today for the nuclear energy industry. The amount of radioactivity in the cells varies, but most radiation comes from Uranium-238 with a half-life as old as the earth or 4.47 billion years. There are over 100 sites like these that exist in the US and the number is growing.
Disposal cells are architecturally fascinating sites. They are often designed to blend in with the landscape, but their shapes form mounds on the earth, and their suture materials seldom remain as invisible as intended. They are otherworldly to see up close, but even more fascinating to see from an aerial view where their odd geometry takes shape. While some sites are constructed away from populated cities, others such as those in Weldon Spring, just outside St. Louis, Missouri, are difficult to ignore and function as recreational destinations.
Monument Plinth features aerial images from forty uranium disposal cells across the US. The images were collected with the assistance of Dr. Mark Finco and acquired by the National Agriculture Imagery Program. I printed and mounted each image on black acrylic and laser engraved the cell detail into the surface, reflecting an internal space or void.
Uranium Disposal Cells and Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Sites Map created by Dr. Scott White
Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia, has been called the site of the nuclear renaissance. Here, commercial nuclear energy reactors have been under construction for the first time in the US since the 1979 partial meltdown at Three Mile Island in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. Like the boomtowns that emerged from rapid industrial expansion, Waynesboro's population increase will be short-lived. Workers come from across the country for temporary jobs such as welding and running power lines from the new cooling towers. While some residents embrace the plant, others have fought against it since the 1980s when the first two reactors were built and they witnessed health and economic decline. Most recently, a community of activists has risen up against what they see as the nuclear industry using health as currency in exchange for temporary jobs. Other groups and individuals view nuclear energy as a solution in the climate change battle. Reactors 3 and 4 are set to go online in 2021 and 2022.
Interested in the town of Waynesboro and plant vogtle, I spent a number of years researching the area. While visiting Waynesboro, I spent time with members of the community as well as plant vogtle workers. Eventually I gained access to Plant Vogtle and began interviewing town residents about the plant's history and the way it has affected the community.
Abbey Hepner
Abbey Hepner is Assistant Professor of Photography at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. She holds a BFA in Art and a BA in Psychology from the University of Utah and an MFA in Photography from the University of New Mexico. Her work examines health, technology, and our relationship with place. She frequently works at the intersection of art and science, examining biopolitics and the use of health as a currency. Her work has been exhibited widely in such venues as the Mt. Rokko International Photography Festival, SITE Santa Fe, Candela Gallery, the University of Buffalo Art Galleries, and the Lianzhou Foto Festival.
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text:
Social support reduces residual dizziness after canalith repositioning procedure in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Zuowei Duan#, Changbiao Fu#, Tieyu Tang, Bin Liu, Jiangbing Liu, Bin Chen, Xinjiang Zhang*
Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, PR China
#These authors contributed equally to this work
Xinjiang Zhang
The First People's Hospital of Yangzhou, PR China
Accepted date: February 05, 2018
DOI: 10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-17-2987
Visit for more related articles at Biomedical Research
Objective: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause for peripheral vestibular vertigo. However, some patients still complain Residual Dizziness (RD) even after a successful Canalith Repositioning Procedure (CRP). This study was to explore the features of RD and its association with social support.
Subjects and Methods: Between January 2015 and January 2016, 258 patients with BPPV were prospectively recruited in this study. The presence of RD was investigated after a successful CRP. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) were adopted to evaluate the status of social support and the self-perceived handicapping effects of RD respectively.
Results: Of them, 105 patients complained of RD after successful CRP. Univariate analysis indicated that the age, female sex, the length from BPPV onset to CRP and DHI score and SSRS score were significantly different between patients with RD and those without. After adjusting the confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the SSRS total score (OR 0.923, 95% CI 0.889-0.958, P=0.000) and the 3 subdomains of SSRS (subject support (OR 0.912, 95% CI 0.869-0.956, P=0.000), objective support (OR 0.889, 95% CI 0.799-0.989, P=0.031), and degree of social utilization (OR 0.825, 95% CI 0.716-0.951, P=0.008) ) were independently associated with the presence of RD after CRP. In conclusion, Residual dizziness is a common condition in patients with BPPV after CRP.
Conclusion: Our study indicates that social support could help in reducing the incidence of RD in patients with BPPV after successfully CRP and returning to daily life more rapidly and comfortably.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Residual dizziness, Canalith repositioning procedure, Social support, Dizziness handicap inventory.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV), characterized by short repeated episodes of mild to intense vertigo triggered by changes in head position, and accompanied by imbalance and nausea, is the most common cause for peripheral vestibular vertigo [1,2]. The suggested pathophysiology is that otoconia derived from the utricular macula moves to the semicircular canal [3-5]. The movement of the otoconial matter due to gravity causes the flow of endolymph, which consequently induce vertigo and nystagmu. Currently, the Canalith Repositioning Procedure (CRP), the main treatment of BPPV proposed by Epley, is the most widely prevalent as a first-line treatment of BPPV and has been found to be safe and effective [3-7]. However, some patients still complain residual symptoms even after disappearance of typical vertigo and nystagmus following a successful CRP. These residual symptoms, also called Residual Dizziness (RD), include nonpositional, sustained imbalance of variable duration, and its pathogenesis is still poorly elucidated [8-10]. Due to these unresolved symptoms, some psychological and vegetative symptoms may manifested as anxiety, depression, fear and insomnia, which lead to a significant deterioration of the patient's functioning and reduced quality of life. Similarly, RD may also have some impact on their family's quality of life that might provide long-term day-to-day care.
With the change of health concept and medical pattern, more and more attention has been paid on the influence of psychosocial factors, such as mental status, personality and behavior, on physical and psychological health. Social support, a psychosocial factor that might help individuals in completing their treatment and coping with psychological distress, adopting healthy behaviors and improving their health, has attracted increasing attention [11-13]. Previous studies had shown that social support has a positive impact on stress relief, treatment compliance, and quality of life in patients with cardio-cerebral vascular diseases [14-17]. Although efforts have been made to evaluate the mental status of RD patients, previous studies have not assessed the amount of social support received by these patients [8,18]. Therefore, this study was to explore the amount of social support and its association with the development of RD after successful CRP in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Subjects and Methods
Between January 2015 and January 2016, 258 patients with BPPV were prospectively recruited in this study. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: 1. no history of vertigo and vestibular disorders; 2. the first diagnosis of BPPV; 3. absence of nystagmus and positional vertigo after CRP, 4.the patient should be able to accept follow up. Exclusion criteria 1. concomitant neurological disorders documented clinically or by imaging, patients with migraine and those in drug treatment for depression, with high levels of anxiety and a history of panic attacks; 2. Central disease (including central vertigo), terminal disease, medical or surgical conditions; 3. Vascular disorders or cranial traumas; 4. Those patients with age>80 y that unsuitable for CRP were also excluded from the study. The study was approved by Ethics Committees of the First People's Hospital of Yangzhou and written informed consent was obtained from each patient.
The diagnosis of BPPV was based on the following criteria: 1. symptoms compatible with BPPV (episodes of transient attacks of rotational vertigo induced by sudden head positional changes without auditory symptoms); 2. Positional vertigo and positional nystagmus provoked by Dix–Hallpike maneuver. The Dix-Hallpike test was considered positive if nystagmus was recorded with appropriate positioning, latency, duration, and fatigue, and reversed when the patient resumed a sitting position [19]. With the affected ear down, geotropic torsional nystagmus (i.e., the upper poles of the eyes beating to the lowermost ear) occurs with an up-beating component for the Posterior Canal (PC) and a down-beating component for the Anterior Canal (AC). Horizontal Canal (HC) BPPV was diagnosed by horizontal direction-changing positional nystagmus concurrent with vertigo elicited by the supine headturning test. The patients were treated with different CRP according to the type of BPPV. Epley's CRP was used for patients with PC-BPPV. And the reverse Epley maneuver and barbecue rotation were used for patients with AC and HC BPPV, respectively [19-21]. The maneuvers in this study were done by Dr. Bin Liu and were performed several times until the disappearance of positional vertigo and positional nystagmus (i.e., until the achievement of a successful CRP). The success was determined 2 or 3 d after the treatment based on the result of the positioning test. Once a patient was determined to be a candidate for enrolment, patient was given a full explanation of the research protocol and was asked to return for a posttreatment visit 3 d later. During the first visit after the successful CRP, we collected information on the presence of any residual dizziness and its characteristics. RD was defined as feeling of unsteadiness and/or light-headedness and/or dizziness in the absence of true vertigo and nystagmus8. Then, patients reporting RD were evaluated every 3 d until the residual symptoms disappeared. The duration of RD which was from successful repositioning to complete resolution of any residual dizziness was precisely quantified.
SSRS and DHI
During the first visit after the successful CRP, the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) were adopted to evaluate the status of social support and the self-perceived handicapping effects of RD respectively. The SSRS consists of 10 items and three dimensions, namely objective support, subjective support and support utilization, which has been demonstrated to show high reliability and validity on wide range of Chinese populations [23,24]. The dimension of objective support has 3 items and reflects the degree of actual support that an individual received in the past. The dimension of subjective support contains 4 items and reflects the perceived interpersonal network that an individual can count on. The dimension of support utilization includes 3 items which refers to the pattern of behavior that an individual utilizes when seeking social support. Item scores of the SSRS were simply added up, generating a total support score ranging from 12 to 66, a subjective support score ranging from 8 to 32, an objective support score ranging from 1 to 22, and a support-seeking behavior score ranging from 3 to 12, respectively. The total scores of all these ten items are used to assess the current social support status of individuals. Higher scores indicate stronger social support.
The DHI evaluates the self-perceived handicapping effects of vestibular disease and its impact on quality of life. In this study, The DHI is a questionnaire consists of 25 questions, with seven related to physical aspects (DHI-P), nine related to emotional aspects (DHI-E), and nine related to functional aspects (DHI-F). Each item is assigned 0, 2, or 4 points; therefore, the DHI score is between 0 and 100 points. In this study, the total DHI score and the score for each domain were calculated. The higher the score, the worse the impact of dizziness on the quality of life of the patient; the lower the score, the lower the impact [25].
Demographic and clinical assessment
Detailed demographic and clinical parameters were recorded on admission. Including age, gender, hypertension (receive antihypertensive treatment or blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg on repeated measurements), diabetes mellitus (receive medicine for diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, 2 h postprandial blood glucose or random blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl), current smoking (current or quit smoking ≤ 6 months prior) and drinking (intake more than 80 g/d or quit drinking ≤ 6 months prior), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) on admission and history of ischemic heart disease.
First, we investigated the difference in baseline characteristics between patients with RD and those without. Univariate analysis was performed with student's t-tests for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. Continuous variables are expressed as means ± Standard Deviation (SD) and categorical variables are given as the percentage of patients affected. Multiple logistic regression model was performed to determine the independent association between social support and RD after adjusted confounding factors with P value ≤ 0.1 in univariate analysis. Relationship between SSRS score and DHI score was tested using the Pearson product-moment correlation. Data were analysed with the SPSS Version 19. For all analyses, a two-tailed value of p<0.05 was deemed as significant.
Demographic and general characteristics
Two hundreds and fifty-eight patients were enrolled in this prospective study, comprising 116 men and 142 women aged 52.44 ± 12.71 y. The PC, HC, AC and multiple BPPV were involved in 147, 86, 16 and 9 patients, respectively. The length from BPPV onset to CRPs was 3.95 ± 2.50 d. Baseline characteristic was presented in Table 1. Of them, 79 (30.62%) patients had hypertension, 35 (13.57%) patients had diabetes mellitus, 81 (31.40%) patients had current smoking and 52 (20.16%) patients had drinking, 19 (7.36%) patients had a history of ischemic heart disease.
Residual dizziness (N=105)
No residual dizziness (N=153)
Age, y, mean (SD) 55.30 ± 12.24 50.48 ± 12.69 0.003
Female, N (%) 66 (62.9) 76 (49.7) 0.036
Hypertension, N (%) 31 (29.5) 48 (31.4) 0.752
Diabetes mellitus, N (%) 12 (11.4) 23 (15.0) 0.406
Ischemic heart disease, N (%) 8 (7.6) 11 (7.2) 0.897
Smoking, N (%) 36 (34.4) 45 (29.4) 0.407
Drinking, N (%) 24 (22.9) 28 (18.3) 0.37
BMI, mean (SD) 24.06 ± 3.15 23.32 ± 3.20 0.068
SBP, mmHg, mean (SD) 141.01 ± 18.72 142.63 ± 20.11 0.514
DBP, mmHg, mean (SD) 83.50 ± 9.30 85.38 ± 9.86 0.124
Onset to CRPs, d, mean (SD) 4.43 ± 2.52 3.62 ± 2.44 0.011
Involved canal, N (%) 0.439
Posterior 62 (59.0) 85 (55.6)
Horizontal 31 (29.5) 55 (35.9)
Anterior 9 (8.6) 7 (4.6)
Multiple 3 (2.9) 6 (3.9)
DHI score mean (SD)
Total 59.18 ± 18.20 44.46 ± 14.91 0
DHI-E 18.32 ± 7.68 8.44 ± 5.41 0
DHI-F 21.52 ± 7.60 16.88 ± 7.02 0
DHI-P 20.13 ± 6.05 19.14 ± 7.56 0.261
SSRS score, mean (SD)
Total 34.00 ± 8.54 38.32 ± 6.48 0
Subject support 19.67 ± 6.10 22.49 ± 5.39 0
Objective support 7.96 ± 2.63 8.71 ± 2.43 0.02
Degree of social utilization 6.37 ± 1.99 7.12 ± 1.88 0.002
BMI: Body Mass Index; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; CRP: Canalith Repositioning Procedure; DHI: Dizziness Handicap Inventory; SSRS: Social Support Rating Scale.
Table 1: Comparison between patients with RD and those without.
Factors associated with RD
One hundred and five (40.70%) patients complained of RD after successful CRP. The duration of RD was 17.92 ± 12.75 d (range=4-74 d, median=15 d). Univariate analysis indicated that the age (P=0.003), the proportions of female sex (P=0.036), the length from BPPV onset to CRPs (P=0.011) and DHI total score (P=0.000) were significantly higher in patients with RD compared with those without. The SSRS total score (P=0.000), on the contrary, tended to be lower in patients with RD. The scores derived from the 3 subdomains of SSRS were also compared. We observed a significant difference between patients who experienced RD and those who did not develop this disorder accounting for the objective support (P=0.020), subjective support (P=0.000) and the degree of social utilization (P=0.002). After adjusting the confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the SSRS total score (OR 0.923, 95% CI 0.889-0.958, P=0.000) and the 3 subdomains of SSRS (low subject support (OR 0.912, 95% CI 0.869-0.956, P=0.000), objective support (OR 0.889, 95% CI 0.799-0.989, P=0.031), and degree of social utilization (OR 0.825, 95% CI 0.716-0.951, P=0.008) ) were also independently associated with the presence of RD after CRPs. In addition, a negative correlation was found between SSRS total score and the duration of RD (r=-0.83, P=0.000, Table 2).
Adjusted†
95% CI
SSRS score
Total score 0.926 0.894-0.959 0 0.923 0.889-0.958 0
The 3 subdomains
Subject support 0.918 0.878-0.960 0 0.912 0.869-0.956 0
Objective support, 0.887 0.801-0.983 0.022 0.889 0.799-0.989 0.031
Degree of social utilization 0.812 0.708-0.931 0.003 0.825 0.716-0.951 0.008
†Adjustment by Age, Female, BMI, Onset to CRPs.
Table 2: Independent association between social support and RD based on multiple logistic regression analysis.
One hundred and five (40.70%) patients with BPPV occurred RD after successful repositioning in our study, the rate of which was similar to that in previous studies that ranged from 36.6% and 61%, which might be explained by diverse diagnostic criteria for RD and the different inclusion criteria in these trials [8-10].
RD has never been considered a disease entity with its own features but rather the short and unpleasant side effects of the earlier BPPV because of the benignity and transience of symptoms. Pathophysiology of RD is yet incompletely understood. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain the occurrence of residual symptoms after a successful treatment for BPPV. First, the persistence of otoconial debris due to incomplete repositioning could produce mild positional vertigo, where the remaining debris is insufficient to provoke noticeable positional nystagmus; Second, BPPV is not only a disorder of the semicircular canals but also a disorder of the otoliths, and otolith dysfunction might account for transient dizziness; Third, another vestibular lesion which is difficult to identify from the history and clinic examination might coexist with BPPV; fourth, delayed recovery might be due to the longer time needed for central adaptation after particle repositioning; These hypotheses, although theoretically valid, have not yet been supported by definitive data [5-10].
It is widely understood that social support is a network of family, friends, neighbors, colleagues or anyone a person can turn to when faced with some trouble. Currently, the impact of social support on the recovery from prior disease has been a research focus and concerned by scholars. Previous studies had reported that there were certain association between social support and rehabilitation [16,17]. The good social support had been considered as essential strength and encouragement which can excite people to take vigorous action and overcome difficulties. In this study, we not only evaluated total SSRS score but also considered the 3 items score of SSRS between patients with RD and those without. Results suggested that good social support have a favourable impact on BPPV recovery, which further support the positive effects of social support on healing process.
The objective support reflects the degree of actual support that an individual received in the past. The subjective support refers to emotional experience and reflects the perceived interpersonal network that an individual can count on. The support utilization refers to the pattern of behavior that an individual utilizes when seeking social support. It is well known that anxiety and dizziness are comorbid symptom, and anxiety has been demonstrated to play a contributory role in dizziness [1-3,26]. In this study, for patients with RD, the ability to deal with daily work and interact with others was impaired because of the functional limitation in daily living, and the feelings of insecurity, anxiety, and depression experienced by patients as result of their disorders. That was to say, the ability to seek support from others was impaired. In addition, it was reported that lack of subjective and objective support will bring negative emotion, such as nervousness, worry, fear, sadness and despair, which ratcheted up the anxiety and depression even further. It is well known that the love and care from our family bring us warmth, however, RD has a great impact on the quality of life of patients and their family caregivers that provide long-term day-to-day care. Both the impaired ability to interact with others and the negative emotion could taxes the energy and patience of their family members, which might further lead to a low social support. In addition, low utilization of support, further lead to social support can't be fully utilized. In all, the low social support and utilization of support could cause decreased psychological endurance and the capacity to deal with troubles.
The DHI is a survey that includes functional, emotional, and physical effects of dizziness on an individual. It can be used for many scholars to assess the residual symptoms and its impact on the patient's social and emotional life after CRP [27,28]. In this study, a statistically significant difference in the DHI total score and the 3 subdomains of DHI was found between patients who developed RD and those free from residual symptoms after successful CRP, which was same with previous studies. Patients with RD had a greater decrease in the quality of life. In addition, a negative correlation between SSRS total score and DHI total score (r=-0.80, P=0.000) was found in this study, which further proved the importance of social support in the recovery of BPPV.
Improving microcirculation vestibular rehabilitation and drugs had been proposed as possible treatment of residual symptoms after BPPV. However, the effectiveness need to be further confirmed in randomized controlled trials [19]. In this study, BPPV patients with good social support suffered less RD after CRP and had a better quality of social and emotional life suggested by the score of DHI. For patients with BPPV, we should evaluated the amount of social support and provide constructive guidance in daily life. It was necessary to offer psychological intervention and to distract patient's attention from the bad residual experience by participating in social activities and interacting with others. The ultimate goal was to help patients seeking social support actively, which was important to the patients' recovery and their daily life.
In conclusion, residual dizziness is a common condition in patients with BPPV after CRP. However, neither evidencebased nor consensus-based guidelines exist recommending how to deal with RD because of the unknown etiology. Our study indicates that social support could help in reducing the incidence of RD in patients with BPPV after successfully CRP and returning to daily life more rapidly and comfortably.
All the authors listed have approved the submitted manuscript and we declare that we have no conflict of interest.
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Dewar may refer to:

Clan Dewar
Vacuum flask (also known as a Dewar flask), a vacuum-insulated container used to maintain internal temperature for extended periods
 Cryogenic storage dewar, a specialised vacuum flask for extremely cold fluids
Dewar benzene
John Dewar & Sons, makers of Dewar's blended Scotch whisky
Dewar (caste), a fishing caste from India
Dewar Creek, British Columbia, Canada

People
Arthur Dewar, Lord Dewar (1860–1917), Scottish politician and judge.
Arthur Dewar (cricketer) (1934–2020), Scottish cricketer
Donald Dewar (Rt. Hon. Donald Campbell Dewar, 1937–2000), former Scottish politician and the first First Minister of Scotland
Douglas Dewar (1875–1957), British ornithologist and critic of the theory of evolution
Geordie Dewar (1867-1915), Scottish football player
George Dewar (disambiguation), various people
Isla Dewar (1946 – 2021), Scottish novelist and screenwriter
Jackie Dewar (1923–2011), Scottish footballer
Jacqueline Dewar, American mathematician
James Dewar (disambiguation)
Jim Dewar (disambiguation)
John Dewar, 1st Baron Forteviot (1856–1929), Scottish businessman and MP
John Dewar, 2nd Baron Forteviot (1885–1947), Scottish businessman and soldier
John Michael Dewar (1883–1941), Scottish ornithologist
Kenneth Dewar (1879–1964), Vice-Admiral of the Royal Navy
Kim Dewar, New Zealand swimmer
Marion Dewar (1928–2008), Mayor of Ottawa, Canada, and MP
Michael J. S. Dewar (1918-1997), English theoretical chemist
Neil Dewar (1908–1982), Scottish football player
Paul Dewar (1963–2019), Canadian teacher and MP
Thomas Dewar, 1st Baron Dewar (1864-1930), Scottish whisky distiller
William McLachlan Dewar, headmaster of George Heriot's School in Edinburgh, Scotland
 Michael Kenneth O'Malley Dewar (1942–2016), chief of Clan Dewar

Places
 Dewar (crater), a lunar impact crater
 Dewar Nunatak, Adelaide Island, Antarctica
 Dewar, Scottish Borders, Scotland
 Dewar, Iowa, United States
 Dewar, Oklahoma, United States

See also
Devar, 1966 Indian film
Divar, island in Goa, India
Divar (website), Iranian classifieds website
Deewaar (disambiguation)

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