text:
La Primera Batalla de Sirte es va lliurar entre la Royal Navy britànica i la Regia Marina durant la campanya mediterrània de la Segona Guerra Mundial. L'enfrontament va tenir lloc el 17 de desembre de 1941, al sud-est de Malta, al golf de Sirte. No va ser tàcticament concloent, ja que ambdues forces estaven limitades per l'objectiu estratègic de protegir un comboi propi i, com a tal, cap de les dues buscava forçar un compromís a gran escala.

En els dies següents, dues forces de la Royal Navy amb seu a Malta van topar amb un camp de mines italià davant de Trípoli i dos cuirassats britànics van ser inhabilitats per torpedes tripulats italians a Alexandria. A finals de desembre, l'equilibri del poder naval a la Mediterrània s'havia desplaçat a favor de la flota italiana.

Rerefons
El Vuitè Exèrcit britànic i els exèrcits de l'Eix al nord d'Àfrica es van enfrontar en batalles resultants de l'operació Croat, que s'havia lliurat entre el 18 de novembre i el 4 de desembre. El seu objectiu era derrotar l'Afrika Korps i alleujar el setge de Tobruk. Això s'havia aconseguit i les forces de l'Eix estaven duent a terme una retirada de combat; el 13 de desembre, mantenien una línia defensiva a Gazala, a l'est de Bengasi. L'Eix estava desesperat per proveir les seves forces, amb la intenció de transportar subministraments a Trípoli, el seu port principal a Líbia i Bengasi, el port més proper a la línia del front. La guarnició insular de Malta estava sota setge i els britànics volien proveir les seves forces a l'illa.

Preludi

Combois de l'Eix M41 i M42
Els italians s'estaven preparant per enviar l'M41, un comboi de vuit vaixells, a Àfrica el 13 de desembre de 1941. Aquell matí, el seu intent de subministrament anterior, dos creuers ràpids que transportaven combustible a Trípoli, havia fracassat quan els dos vaixells van ser enfonsats a la batalla del Cap Bon per una força de destructors en ruta cap a Alexandria.

El comboi M41 estava format per vuit vaixells mercants en tres grups, amb una escorta propera de cinc destructors i una força de cobertura llunyana dels cuirassats Littorio i Vittorio Veneto, quatre destructors i dos torpediners.

Poc després de navegar el 13 de desembre, un grup del M41 va ser atacat pel submarí britànic  and i dos vaixells van ser enfonsats; més tard aquell dia dos vaixells van xocar i van haver de tornar a la base, mentre que la força de cobertura llunyana va ser albirada pel submarí  i el Vittorio Veneto va ser torpedinat i obligat a tornar al port.

Supermarina, l'alt comandament de la marina italiana, sacsejat per aquestes pèrdues i un informe que una força britànica de dos cuirassats estava al mar, va ordenar que els vaixells tornessin a esperar reforç, però la "força de dos cuirassats" va ser una operació d'esquí del minador .

El 16 de desembre, el comboi italià de quatre vaixells, rebatejat com M42, va sortir de Tàrent, recollint escortes pel camí. L'escorta propera va ser proporcionada per set destructors i un vaixell torpediner; quan van arribar a Sicília, també estaven acompanyats per una força de cobertura propera, que comprenia el cuirassat Duilio, tres creuers lleugers i tres destructors. La força de cobertura llunyana estava formada pels cuirassats Littorio , Andrea Doria i Giulio Cesare, dos creuers i 10 destructors.

El comboi aliat
Els britànics planejaven portar subministraments a Malta utilitzant el vaixell mercant ràpid Breconshire , cobert per una força de creuers i destructors, mentre que els destructors de l'enfrontament de Cap Bon, es dirigirien a Alexandria des de Malta coberts per la Força K i la Força B des de Malta el 15. desembre.

La força britànica es va esgotar quan el creuer lleuger   va ser torpedinat i enfonsat per l'U-557, poc abans de la mitjanit del 14 de desembre. L'U-557 va ser enfonsat accidentalment menys de 48 hores després, pel torpediner italià Orione.

El 15 de desembre, el Breconshire va partir d'Alexandria escortat per tres creuers i vuit destructors al comandament del contraalmirall Philip Vian a bord de l'. El 16 de desembre, els quatre destructors de la 4a Flotilla (comandant G. Stokes a l') van sortir de Malta, coberts per la Força K (capità WG "Bill" Agnew a l'), dos creuers i dos destructors. Trenta vaixells de guerra italians estaven escortant quatre vaixells de càrrega. Els dos grups britànics també estaven al mar i es dirigien l'un cap a l'altre; és probable que les forces oposades creuessin els camins de l'altre a l'est de Malta el 18 de desembre.

La batalla
El 17 de desembre, un avió de reconeixement italià va detectar la formació britànica en direcció oest prop de Sidi Barrani, aparentment provinent des d'Alexandria per interceptar el comboi italià. El comboi britànic va ser ombrejat per avions de l'Eix i atacat durant la tarda, però no es va aconseguir cap impacte i Agnew i Stokes es van trobar amb el comboi en direcció oest. A última hora de la tarda, la flota italiana era a prop i els avions observadors dels cuirassats havien entrat en contacte amb el comboi britànic, però els avions van identificar erròniament el Breconshire com a cuirassat. A les 17:42, les flotes es van albirar; L'almirall Angelo Iachino —comandant de les forces italianes— es va traslladar a interceptar per defensar el seu comboi.

Vian també volia evitar el combat, de manera que amb els britànics cedint terreny i els italians perseguint amb precaució, els britànics van poder evitar fàcilment un enfrontament. Just després de la posta de sol, un atac aeri contra els vaixells britànics va fer que aquests retornessin el foc amb els seus canons antiaeri , permetent a la força naval italiana detectar-los. Iachino va agafar la força de cobertura llunyana i va obrir foc a uns 32.000 m (35.000 iardes), molt fora de l'abast dels canons britànics. Vian immediatament va posar fum i es va traslladar a l'atac mentre el Breconshire s'allunyava, escortat pels destructors  i .

Sense radar i conscients de la seva derrota en l'acció nocturna a la batalla del Cap Matapan, els italians volien evitar el combat nocturn. Els italians van disparar només 15 minuts abans de desenganxar-se i tornar cap a l'oest per cobrir el comboi M42. L' va patir la pèrdua d'un guardiamarina i alguns danys a causa d'un quasi accident, ja sigui d'un obús de 8 polzades (200 mm), possiblement disparat pel creuer italià Gorizia  o, tal com diuen els informes oficials britànics, per Estelles d'obusos de 13 polzades (320 mm) disparats per l'Andrea Doria i el Giulio Cesare , que van enderrocar antenes sense fil i van perforar el casc, la superestructura i els vaixells del vaixell. Segons fonts italianes, el destructor Nizam de la Royal Australian Navy (RAN) també va ser danyat quasi accidentalment pel destructor italià Maestrale. Els informes britànics parlen d'altres vaixells de guerra perforats per estelles.

Conseqüències

Camp minat de Trípoli
A la foscor, Vian va tornar amb Stokes a Alexandria, deixant Agnew per portar el Breconshire a Malta, unit a la Força B, un creuer (l'altre estava en reparació) i dos destructors. El Breconshire i els seus escortes van arribar a Malta a les 15:00 del 18 de desembre. Al migdia, la força italiana també es va dividir i tres vaixells es van dirigir cap a Trípoli, acompanyats de la força de cobertura propera, mentre que el vaixell de subministrament alemany Ankara , es va dirigir cap a Bengasi. La força de cobertura llunyana va romandre a l'estació al golf de Sidra fins al vespre, abans de tornar a la base. Els britànics s'havien adonat ara que els italians tenien un comboi a la zona; Vian la va buscar sense èxit mentre tornava a Alexandria.

A la tarda es va establir la posició del grup de Trípoli; un creuer i dos destructors de la Força B i dos creuers i dos destructors de la Força K (el capità O'Conor, al creuer ) van sortir a les 18:00 per interceptar-los. La força es va enfrontar a un camp de mines a 17 milles nàutiques (32 km; 20 milles) de Trípoli, a les primeres hores del 19 de desembre. El camp de mines va sorprendre els britànics, ja que la profunditat de l'aigua era de 600 peus (180 m), que havien pensat que era massa profunda per a les mines. El Neptune va colpejar quatre mines i es va enfonsar, el destructor  va colpejar una mina i va ser enfonsat l'endemà. Els creuers Aurora i  van resultar molt danyats però van poder tornar a Malta. Uns 830 mariners aliats, molts d'ells neozelandesos de Neptune, van perdre la vida en el desastre. La força d'atac de Malta, que havia estat una amenaça tan activa per a l'enviament de l'Eix a Líbia durant la major part de 1941, es va veure molt reduïda en la seva eficàcia i més tard es va veure forçada a retirar-se a Gibraltar.

Atac a Alexandria

Mentre tornava a Alexandria juntament amb la força de Vian, el destructor  va informar d'un atac de càrregues de profunditat aparentment reeixit a un submarí no identificat. L'únic submarí de l'Eix davant d'Alexandria era el Sciré italià , que transportava un grup de sis comandos homes granota italians, inclòs Luigi Durand De La Penne, equipats amb torpedes tripulats. Poc després que les forces de Vian arribessin a Alexandria, la nit del 18 de desembre, els italians van penetrar al port i van atacar la flota. El Jervis va resultar danyat, un gran vaixell cisterna noruec es va inhabilitar i els cuirassats  i  van quedar molt danyats. Aquest va ser un canvi estratègic de fortuna contra els aliats els efectes dels quals es van sentir a la Mediterrània durant diversos mesos.

Resultats
Ambdues parts van assolir els seus objectius estratègics; els britànics van aconseguir subministraments a Malta i l'Eix va fer arribar els seus vaixells a Trípoli i Bengasi, tot i que Bengasi va caure en mans del Vuitè Exèrcit cinc dies després, el 24 de desembre.

Orde de batalla
Forces presents el 17 de desembre de 1941

Itàlia

Almirall Angelo Iachino (al Littorio)
 Força de cobertura propera – Vicealmirall Raffaele de Courten (al Duca d'Aosta):
 Un cuirassat: Duilio ;
 Tres  creuers lleugers (7a Divisione Incrociatori):  Emanuele Filiberto Duca d'Aosta ,  Muzio Attendolo,  Raimondo Montecuccoli;
 Tres destructors: Ascari,  Aviere i  Camicia Nera
 Força de cobertura distant – Vicealmirall Angelo Parona (al Gorizia):
 Tres cuirassats:  Andrea Doria,  Giulio Cesare i  Littorio
 Dos creuers pesats:  Gorizia i Trento
 Deu destructors: Vincenzo Gioberti, Alfredo Oriani (9a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere);
Maestrale (10a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere);
Carabiniere, Corazziere (12a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere);
Alpino, Bersagliere, Fuciliere, Granatiere (13a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere);
 Antoniotto Usodimare (16a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere).
 Escorta propera:
 Sis destructors: Saetta (7a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere);
 Antonio da Noli,  Ugolino Vivaldi (14a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere);
Lanzerotto Malocello,  Nicolò Zeno (15a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere);
 Emanuele Pessagno (16a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere);
 Un torpediner: Pegaso
 Comboi M42
 Tres motores: Monginevro, Napoli, Vettor Pisani;
 Un carguer: Ankara (alemany).

Aliats

 Escorta del Convoi – Rear-Admiral Philip Vian (al Naiad)
 Tres creuers lleugers: , , ;
 Vuit destructors : , , ,  (danyat), HMAS Nizm (danyat), ,  i  (14th Destroyers Flotilla).
 Convoi
 Un merchant ràpid: Breconshire
 Force K
 Dos creuers lleugers: ,
 Dos destructors ,
 Force B
 Un creuer:
 Dos destructors: ,
 4th Destructor Flotilla
 Quatre destructors : , , , HNLMS Isaac Sweers (4th Destoyer Flotilla).

Vegeu també
 Segona batatla de Sirte

Referències

Bibliografia
 Bartimeus: East of Malta, West of Suez, Little, Brown i Company, Boston, 1944.

 Bragadin, Marc'Antonio: The Italian Navy in World War II, United States Naval Institute, Annapolis, 1957.
 Brown, David: Warship Losses of World War Two, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1995.
 G.G.Connell, Mediterranean Maelstrom: HMS Jervis i the 14th Flotilla (1987): ISBN

 Eric Groves : Sea Battles in Close-Up Vol II (1993):
 O'Hara, Vincent P. (2009). Struggle for the Middle Sea: the great navies at war in the Mediterranean theater, 1940-1945. Naval Institute Press.
 Stephen Roskill : The War at Sea 1939–1945  Vol I (1954): ISBN (none)

Enllaços externs
 La I Battaglia della Sirte
 Prima battaglia della Sirte – Plancia di Commando

Batalles navals de la Segona Guerra Mundial
Batalla de la Mediterrània
Batalles de la Royal Navy
Batalles de la Regia Marina


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HomePosts tagged 'prediction'
Bad Actors Have Their Work Cut Out.
June 18, 2015 June 10, 2015 fasab comedy, Humour, Language, Puns	amusing, artificial, Bad actors, bad jokes, bad puns, better, big turnout, Blondie, buying some nuts, camouflage club, Comedy, cut out, disappointing, Entertainment, extrapolate incomplete data, funny, Humor, Humour, I blame my parents, If at first you don't succeed, If you can't beat them, jokes, macs, mistakes, motto, movies, not my fault, one way or another, pinch of salt, pistachios, plants, prediction, pun, puns, real leaf, redefine success, responsibility for my actions, scientist, silly jokes, snail, Steve Jobs, stupid, teacher, two types of people in this world, what's the point, word play, word plays, work cut out, worse
Bad actors do get their work cut out, fortunately for both them and those of us who watch their movies.
However, bad puns are never cut out because the worse they are the better they are.
And here's another selection to prove it.
Enjoy or endure.
It's not my fault I blame
everyone else for my mistakes.
a man who lived life to the macs
I haven't made a prediction
in my life and I never will.
There are two types of people in this world.
Those who can extrapolate incomplete data
I have trouble taking responsibility for my actions.
I blame my parents.
The life of a snail is taken
with a pinch of salt.
"I'm worried that those plants are artificial."
"They're not."
"Well that's a real leaf."
My motto is:
If you can't beat them,
what's the point in becoming a teacher?
I've just arrived at the camouflage club
and I can see we have a big turnout.
Which is really disappointing.
Whilst buying some nuts today
I noticed the pack said
"stachios"…
someone's taken the pis
Be a scientist.
If at first you don't succeed,
redefine success.
One way or another I'm going to
have to stop quoting Blondie lyrics.
February Facts Finish Today.
February 24, 2015 January 20, 2015 fasab Factoids, Unusual	$300 million, 1914, 40 gallons a year, airplane accident, Alan Thicke, americans, analysis of the population growth in Europe, Ancient Egyptian polymath, Australia, balding, barbaric era before anesthetics, beer drinking world league, beer nations, beer-drinking, bite on a bullet, Bite the bullet, Bond, broken teeth, CD player, competition, conspiracy, Czech Republic, Czechs, declassified, designer of the first major pyramid, Diff'rent Strokes, different inventions, education, endure something painful, endure the pain of an operation or amputation, engineer, Entertainment, exciting style of play, Ezra Stiles, fact, factoid, factoids, facts, fancy clothes, first human in space, first James Bond, first known pyramid architect, first recorded, flight instructor, Formula 1, french, Germans, Growing Pains, Imhotep, information, Injured soldiers, innovation, irish, January, KGB report, labor pains, laser, laser technology, major championship winner, Marijuana, medical procedures, metal helmets, MiG-15UTI plane, missile-destroying defense systems, nausea, no car with the number 13, no practical use, normal heart valve, novel, on the front, pain, Payne Stewart, per capita beer consumption, pharmacies, phrase, physician, population of the United States, Port Lincoln, predicted, prediction, Prime Minister, prolific golfer, Pyramid of Djoser, Quantum mechanics, real tunas, rheumatism, Rudyard Kipling, Sean Connery, size of a half dollar, soldiers, The Facts of Life, The Light that Failed, throw a frozen tuna, trivia, Tunarama Festival, TV show, tweets, U.S Open, useful medicine, victim of a training jet crash, Vladimir Seryogin, wearing a toupee, weather balloon, Winston Churchill, wrote the theme songs, Yale University president, YouTube link, Yuri Gagarin
February facts finish here, but not to worry, all being well there will be more next month.
Meantime have a look at this selection.
I hope you find something interesting.
Approximately seven hundred
tweets per minute contain a YouTube link.
The most beer-drinking country in
the world is the Czech Republic.
With an incredible per capita beer consumption
of almost 40 gallons a year, the Czechs are way out
in front in the beer drinking world league table,
leaving the Irish, Germans, Americans and
other "beer nations" far behind.
None of the soldiers wore metal helmets in 1914.
The French were the first to introduce them in 1915.
Future prime minister Winston Churchill wore a
French one during his time on the front in 1916.
The first known pyramid architect was Imhotep,
an Ancient Egyptian polymath, engineer and
physician who is considered to be the designer of
the first major pyramid – the Pyramid of Djoser.
In 1783, then Yale University president Ezra Stiles
predicted that the population of the United States
would reach 300 million in the next two hundred years.
He based his prediction on his analysis of the
population growth in Europe.
Apparently, just a little over 200 years later,
the population of the country actually hit 300 million.
Sean Connery,
the first and arguably the best James Bond,
began balding when he was only 21-years-old,
therefore in al his appearances as 'Bond'
he is wearing a toupee.
The phrase, "Bite the bullet",
meaning to endure something painful,
was first recorded in Rudyard Kipling's 1891 novel
'The Light that Failed' describing the barbaric era
before anesthetics were used in medical procedures.
Injured soldiers had to bite on a bullet to help them
endure the pain of an operation or amputation,
an action that usually also resulted in a few broken teeth
aside from the other pain.
A normal heart valve is about
the size of a half dollar
Payne Stewart was a prolific golfer
and a three-time major championship winner
who was extremely popular with spectators
for his exciting style of play and fancy clothes.
Sadly, in 1999 his career was cut short by an
airplane accident that cost him his life a few
months after his latest triumph in the U.S. Open.
The Laser is an innovation made possible
by Quantum mechanics.
It was once thought to have no practical use,
however, innovation and development has
enabled laser technology to be applied to different
inventions from the CD player to
missile-destroying defense systems.
In Port Lincoln, Australia, each January
they hold the 'Tunarama Festival' which is a
competition to see how far someone can
throw a frozen tuna.
Fortunately, the 2007 festival was the last one
in which real tunas were used for the throws
(because of their drastically dwindling populations).
Since then artificially made fake tunas have been used.
From 1850 to 1942, marijuana was
considered a useful medicine for
nausea, rheumatism, and labor pains
and was easily obtained at local general stores
or pharmacies throughout the U.S.
In Formula 1 motor racing,
there is no longer a car with the number 13.
The number has been removed after two drivers
were killed in crashes — both driving cars numbered 13.
Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space,
was also a victim of a training jet crash.
He died on March 27, 1968,
along with his flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin,
when their MiG-15UTI plane crashed.
There has always been a lot of speculation and
conspiracy surrounds their deaths.
For example, documents declassified in April 2011
include a 1968's commission conclusion that they
had to maneuver sharply to avoid a weather balloon,
whereas a KGB report concluded the aircraft
entered a spin. from which it subsequently could
not recover. to avoid a bird strike or another aircraft.
Alan Thicke,
the father in the TV show Growing Pains
wrote the theme songs for
Diff'rent Strokes.
Significant Number Factoid Friday – Thirteen, Unlucky For Some
September 28, 2012 fasab Factoids, Numbers, Uncategorized, Unusual	13, 13th, 13th floor, alphabet, ancient Henbrews, Apollo, Apollo 13, Arnold Schoenberg, Baker's dozen, Balder, Bible, Blogs, bread, british rule, calculations, colonies, Command Module pilot, composer, Connecticut, death, death card, Delaware, education, Entertainment, extra loaf, fact, factoid, factoids, facts, Franklin D Roosevelt, Fred W. Haise, Georgia, German measels, gods, guest, Hebrews, Henry Ford, Humor, Inspiration, James A. Lovell, Jeffrey Kluger, John L. "Jack" Swigert, jordan, King George III, Loki, London, London bakers, Lost Moon, Lunar Module pilot, Maryland, Massachusetts Bay, mathematics, maths, mavet, Misc, Miscellaneous, movies, Musings, mythology, nasa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Testament, new york, Norse, Norse mythology, North Carolina, number, numbers, Old Testament, Ophiuchus, Paul Getty, Pennsylvania, Personal Writing, phobia, prediction, President, President Franklin D Roosevelt, Providence Plantations., Random, religion, Rhode Island, room 13, Roosevelt, science, secretary, significant numbers, South Carolina, stripes, superstition, Tarot, the Bible, the Serpent Holder, thirteen, thirteen colonies, Thirteenth Amendment, thirteenth guest, thirteenth letter, thorteenth, Thoughts, triskaidekaphobia, twelve constellations, unlucky, unusual numbers, USA flag, Virginia, Zodiac
They've been 'beautiful', they've been 'big' and they've been 'unusual'.
Today we have 'significant' number thirteen, unlucky for some.
13 Thirteen
The number 13 seems to give a lot of people trouble. Indeed the fear of the number 13 is so pervasive that it even has a phobia named after it – triskaidekaphobia.
In the Bible.
At the Last Supper in Christian theology, there were 13 dinner guests, so that number is unlucky because Christ was betrayed.
Thirteen famines are recorded in the Scriptures.
The destruction of Jericho is stamped with the number thirteen, because the city was compassed once each day for six days, and seven times on the seventh day, making 13 times in all (6+7).
All the names of Satan are divisible by thirteen.
In Mark 7 Jesus mentions thirteen things that defile a person (evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lewdness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride and foolishness).
Elsewhere,
The ancient Hebrews thought 13 was unlucky because the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet is the letter M, which is the first letter in the word "mavet," meaning death.
In Norse mythology, 12 benevolent gods were gathering in a hall and the evil god Loki attacked the group. Loki was the 13th guest, and the god Balder was killed in the melee.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt was quite fearful of the number 13, and he took great pains to avoid hosting a meal for a group of that size. It is said that if he had a cancellation and it looked as if there might be 13 people to lunch, he would invite his secretary to join them so there wouldn't be 13.
Industrialist Henry Ford wouldn't do business on Friday, the 13th.
Multimillionaire Paul Getty once stated "I wouldn't care to be one of thirteen at a table."
Some speculate that a fear of the number 13 is the reason we recognize only 12 constellations in the Zodiac, omitting a thirteenth… Ophiuchus ( the Serpent Holder) that, by its location, could be included.
Years ago, London bakers were subject to harsh penalties if they were caught selling bread in what was called short weight. The bakers would add an extra loaf to each dozen to be sure the sale met the minimum weight requirement. They avoided the word thirteen and the process of adding an extra loaf became known as the "baker's dozen."
Some airlines do not have a 13th row.
Most tall buildings do not have a 13th floor.
Many hotel guests refuse to stay in Room 13, so rooms are frequently numbered 12, 12A, and 14.
The 13th card of the Tarot is the card of Death.
The composer, Arnold Schoenberg, was a noted triskaidekaphobe. He died as he had predicted at the age of 76 (7+6=13), on a Friday 13th at 13 minutes to midnight.
In April 1970, NASA launched Apollo 13 at 1313 hours Central Time from pad 39. The flight was commanded by James A. Lovell with John L. "Jack" Swigert as Command Module pilot and Fred W. Haise as Lunar Module pilot. (Swigert was a late replacement for the original CM pilot Ken Mattingly, who was grounded by the flight surgeon after exposure to German measles.) They were scheduled for rest periods beginning 13 minutes past the hour and on April 13 at 21:07:53 CST (55:54:53 Ground Elapsed Time) an oxygen tank exploded and the mission had to be aborted. The rest is history – and a movie, Apollo 13, based on 'Lost Moon', Jim Lovell's and Jeffrey Kluger's book about the event.
Insignia of the ill-fated Apollo XIII Mission
Friday the 13th Myths:
If you cut your hair on Friday the 13th, someone in your family will die.
A child born on Friday the 13th will be unlucky for life.
If a funeral procession passes you on Friday the 13th, you will be the next to die.
the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution officially outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
thirteen colonies rebelled against British Rule and King George III in what led to the American Revolutionary War and the eventual birth of the United States of America. The colonies were Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
there are thirteen stripes on the USA flag to commemorate these original colonies.
USA flag – Stars and Stripes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


ARLINGTON, VA (March 11, 2014) - Student aspirations to enroll in college are very high - 93 percent of middle school students list college as a personal goal. However, only 44 percent of these students ultimately enroll in a post-secondary institution, according to the Educational Policy Improvement Center (EPIC). Hobsons aims to help schools close the aspirations gap – the difference between what students aspire to achieve and what they actually accomplish.
In an effort to make college a possibility for all students, particularly students who would be first in their families to attend college, Hobsons today has announced the release of the Naviance College and Career Readiness Curriculum, a blended learning college and career readiness solution for students in middle and high school.
To achieve post-secondary success, students need support through each stage of the learning lifecycle, and development of critical knowledge and non-cognitive habits that will drive their educational journey. The Curriculum expands students' perspectives while simultaneously driving the necessary behaviors, college knowledge, and personal confidence to prepare them for college and career success by high school graduation.
Developed in collaboration with Roadtrip Nation, the Curriculum includes a sequence of 105 multi-media lessons for students in grades 6-12, including exclusive videos produced by Roadtrip Nation featuring students that have recently made the transition from high school to college and how they overcame life's challenges to reach their goals.
According to research by the National College Access Network (NCAN), the earlier students begin planning for college, the greater their chances are of enrolling.
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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 8 Mechanical Properties of Solids
In this chapter, we provide NCERT Exemplar Problems Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 8 Mechanical Properties of Solids for English medium students, Which will very helpful for every student in their exams. Students can download the latest NCERT Exemplar Problems Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 8 Mechanical Properties of Solids pdf, free NCERT Exemplar Problems Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 8 Mechanical Properties of Solids book pdf download. Now you will get step by step solution to each question.
Class Class 11
Subject Physics
Chapter Name Mechanical Properties of Solids
Single Correct Answer Type
Q1. Modulus of rigidity of ideal liquids is
(a) infinity
(b) zero
(c) unity
(d) some finite small non-zero constant value
Sol: (b) Key concept: Modulus of Rigidity:
Within limits of proportionality, the ratio of tangential stress to the shearing strain is called modulus of rigidity of the material of the body and is denoted by η
In this case the shape of a body changes but its volume remains unchanged.
Consider a cube of material fixed at its lower face and acted upon by a tangential force F at its upper surface having area A.
Only solids can exhibit a shearing as these have definite shape.
In liquids,η = 0
So, the frictional (viscous) force cannot exist in case of ideal fluid and since they cannot sustain shearing stress or tangential forces are zero, so there is no stress developed.
Q2. The maximum load a wire can withstand without breaking, when its length is reduced to half of its original length, will
(a) be double (b) be half
(c) be four times (d) remain same
Sol: (d)
When the wire is loaded beyond the elastic limit, then strain increases much more rapidly. The maximum stress corresponding to B (see stress—strain curve) after which the wire begin to flow and breaks, is called breaking stress or tensile strength and the force by application of which the wire breaks is called the breaking force.
(i) Breaking force depends upon the area of cross-section of the wire, i.e. Breaking force ∝ A
Breaking force = P x A
Here P is a constant of proportionality and known as breaking stress.
(ii) Breaking stress is a constant for a given material and it does not depend upon the dimension (length or thickness) of wire.
(iii) If a wire of length L is cut into two or more parts, then again its each part can hold the same weight as breaking force is independent of the length of wire.
Q3. The temperature of a wire is doubled. The Young's modulus of elasticity
(a) will also double
(b) will become four times
(c) will remain same
(d) will decrease
Sol:(d)
Key concept: Youngs modulus (Y)
It is defined as the ratio of normal stress to longitudinal strain within limit of proportionality.
As Y ∝ 1/ ∆T
When temperature increases ∆T increases, hence Y decreases.
Q4. A spring is stretched by applying a load to its free end. The strain produced in the spring is
(a) volumetric
(b) shear
(c) longitudinal and shear
(d) longitudinal
Sol: (c) According to the diagram where a spring is suspended with a fixed rigid support. Now a load is attached with the lower end of that spring. So, it is stretched by applying a load to its free end. Clearly the length and shape of the spring changes and the weight of the load behaves as a deforming force.
The change in length corresponds to longitudinal strain and change in shape corresponds to shearing strain.
Q5. A rigid bar of mass M is supported symmetrically by three wires each of length /. Those at each end are of copper and the middle one is of iron. The ratio of their diameters, if each is to have the same tension, is equal to
Sol: (b) As the bar is supported symmetrically by the three wires, therefore extension in each wire is same.
Let T be the tension in each wire and diameter of the wire is D, then Young's modulus is
Q6. A mild steel wire of length 2L and cross-sectional area A is stretched, well within elastic limit, horizontally between two pillars (figure ). A mass m is suspended from the mid-point of the wire. Strain in the wire is
Sol: (a) We will assume the vertical displacement x to be very small compared to L. Change in the length will be calculated by difference of final total length and initial length 2L.
According to the diagram:
Q7. A rectangular frame is to be suspended symmetrically by two strings of equal length on two supports (figure). It can be done in one of the following three ways:
The tension in the strings will be
(a) the same in all cases
(b) least in (i)
(c) least in (ii)
(d) least in (iii)
Sol:(c) According to the FBD diagram of the rectangular frame. Let M be the mass of rectangular frame and 0be the angle which the tension T in the string makes with the horizontal
Q8. Consider two cylindrical rods of identical dimensions, one of rubber and the other of steel. Both the rods are fixed rigidly at one end to the roof. A mass M is attached to each of the free ends at the centre of the rods.
(a) Both the rods will elongate but there shall be no perceptible change in shape.
(b) The steel rod will elongate and change shape but the rubber rod will only elongate.
(c) The steel rod will elongate without any perceptible change in shape, but the rubber rod will elongate and the shape of the bottom edge will change to an ellipse.
(d) The steel rod will elongate, without any perceptible change in shape, but the rubber rod will elongate with the shape of the bottom edge tapered to a tip at the centre.
According to the diagram shown below in which a mass AT is attached at the centre of each rod, then both rods will be elongated. But due to different elastic properties of material the steel rod will elongate without making any perceptible change in shape, but the rubber rod will elongate with the shape of the bottom edge tapered to a tip at the centre.
More Than One Correct Answer Type
Q9. The stress-strain graphs for two materials are shown in figure(assume same scale).
(a) Material (ii) is more elastic than material (i) and hence material (ii) is more brittle
(b) Materials (i) and (ii) have the same elasticity and the same brittleness.
(c) Material (ii) is elastic over a larger region of strain as compared to (i).
(d) Material (ii) is more brittle than material (i).
Sol: (c, d)
Key concept: Representation of different points on Stress-Strain graph:
When the strain is small (< 2%) (i.e., in region OP) stress is proportional to strain. This is the region where the so called Hooke's law is obeyed. The point P is called limit of proportionality and slope of line OP gives the Young's modulus Y of the material of the wire. If 6is the angle of OP from strain axis, then Y= tan θ.
If the strain is increased a little bit, i.e. in the region PE, the stress is not proportional to strain. However, the wire still regains its original length after the removal of stretching force.
This behaviour is shown up to point E known as elastic limit or yield- point. The region OPE represents the elastic behaviour of the material of wire. '
" If the wire is stretched beyond the elastic limit E, i.e. between EA, the strain increases much more rapidly and if the stretching force is removed the wire does not come back to its natural length. Some permanent increase in length takes place.
If the stress is increased further by a very small increase in it a very large increase in strain is produced (region AB) and after reaching point B, the strain increases even if the wire is unloaded and ruptures at C. In the region BC the wire literally flows. The maximum stress corresponding to B after which the wire begins to flow and breaks is called breaking or tensile strength. The region EABC represents the plastic behaviour of the material of wire.
Material having more ultimate tensile strength will be elastic over larger region.
So, from graph (i) linear limit vanishes soon and for small stress there is large strain as compared to graph (ii).
Hence, material (ii) is more elastic over a large region of strain as compared to (i). So, the ultimate tensile strength for material (ii) is greater than (i).
A material is said to be more brittle if its fracture point is more closer to ultimate strength point.
Hence material (ii) is more brittle than material (i).
Q10. A wire is suspended from the ceiling and stretched under the action of a weight F suspended from its other end. The force exerted by the ceiling on it is equal and opposite to the weight.
(a) Tensile stress at any cross-section A of the wire is F/A.
(b) Tensile stress at any cross-section is zero.
(c) Tensile stress at any cross-section A of the wire is 2F/A.
(d) Tension at any cross-section A of the wire is F.
Sol. (a, d)
According to the diagram a wire is stretched under the j
action of a weight F suspended from its other end.
Clearly, forces at each cross-section is F.
Now applying formula,
Tensile stress = Force applied/Area of cross-section = F/A
Tension = Applied force = F
Q11. A rod of length l and negligible mass is suspended at its two ends by two wires of steel (wire A) and aluminium (wire B) of equal lengths (figure).The cross-sectional areas of wires A and B are 1.0 mm2 and 2.0 mm2, respectively.(YAl= 70 x 109 Nm-2 and Tsteel = 200 x 109Nm-2)
Mass m should be suspended close to wire A to have equal stresses in both the wires.
Mass m should be suspended close to B to have equal stresses in both the wires.
Mass m should be suspended at the middle of the wires to have equal stresses in both the wires.
Mass m should be suspended close to wire A to have equal strain in both wires.
Sol: (b, d) According to the diagram a massless rod is suspended at its two ends by two wires of steel (wire A) and aluminum (wire B) of equal lengths.
Let the mass is suspended at x from the end B, which develop equal stress in wires.
Let Ta and TB be the tensions in wire A and wire B respectively.
Hence, mass m should be suspended close to wire A (steel wire).
Q12. For an ideal liquid,
(a) the bulk modulus is infinite
(b) the bulk modulus is zero
(c) the shear modulus is infinite
(d) the shear modulus is zero
Sol:(a, d) .
Key concept: Bulk Modulus:
When a solid or fluid (liquid or gas) is subjected to a uniform pressure all over the surface, such that the shape remains the same, then there is a change in volume.
Then the ratio of normal stress to the volumetric strain within the elastic limits is called as Bulk modulus. This is denoted by K.
where p = increase in pressure; V= original volume; ∆ V= change in volume The negative sign shows that with increase in pressure p, the volume decreases by ∆ V, i.e. if p is positive, ∆V is negative. The reciprocal of bulk modulus is called compressibility.
Q13. A copper and a steel wire of the same diameter are connected end to end. A deforming force F is applied to this composite wire which causes a total elongation of 1 cm. The two wires will have
(a) the same stress
(b) different stress
(c) the same strain
(d) different strain
Sol. (a, d) According to the diagram where a deforming force F is applied to the combination.
Ysteel = Stress/ Strain = F/A/Strain
Ysteel ≠ Ycopper
(a) Stress = F/ A
So stress in the wire depends upon cross sectional area and deforming force, if force and area both are same then stress remains same.
(b) Because of having different young's modulus, the two wires will have different strain.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q14. The Young's modulus for steel is much more than that for rubber. For the same longitudinal strain, which one will have greater tensile stress?
Q15. Is stress a vector quantity?
Sol: Stress = Magnitude of internal reaction force / Area of cross-section
Hence, stress is not a scalar quantity not a vector quantity, it is a tensor quantity.
Q16. Identical springs of steel and copper are equally stretched. On which, more work will have to be done?
Sol: Key concept: Work Done in stretching a Wire or Spring:
In stretching a wire work is done against internal restoring forces. This work is stored in the wire as elastic potential energy or strain energy.
If a force F acts along the length L of the wire of cross-section A and stretches it by x, then
Q17. What is the Young's modulus for a perfect rigid body?
Sol: According to Hooke's law
Q18. What is the Bulk modulus for a perfect rigid body?
Sol: Bulk modulus is given by
For perfectly rigid body, change in volume AV = 0, therefore volumetric strain is zero.
Hence, bulk modulus for a perfectly rigid body is infinity
Short Answer Type Questions
Q19. A wire of length L and radius r is clamped rigidly at one end. When the other end of the wire is pulled by a force f its length increases by l. Another wire of the same material of length 2L and radius 2r, is pulled by a force 2 f Find the increase in length of this wire.
Sol: We have to apply Hooke's law to compare the extension in each wire. According to the diagram which shows the situation.
Now, Young's modulus
Q21. To what depth must a rubber ball be taken in deep sea so that its volume is decreased by 0.1%. (The bulk modulus of rubber is 9.8 x 108 N/m2; and the density of sea water is 103 kg/m3)
Sol: According to the problem, Bulk modulus of rubber (B) = 9.8 x 108 N/m2 Density of sea water (p) = 103 kg/m3 Percentage decrease in volume
Q22. A truck is pulling a car out of a ditch by means of a steel cable that is 9.1 m long and has a radius of 5 mm. When the car just begins to move, the tension in the cable is 800 N. How much has the cable stretched? (Young's modulus for steel is 2 x 1011 N/m2)
Sol. According to the problem,
Length of steel cable l = 9.1 m
Radius r = 5 mm = 5 x 10~3 m
Tension in the cable F = 800 N
Young's modulus for steel Y= 2 x 1011 N/m2
Change in length ∆l = ?
Q23. Two identical solid balls, one of ivory and the other of wet-clay, are dropped from the same height on the floor. Which one will rise to a greater height after striking the floor and why?
Sol: Since, ivory ball is more elastic than wet-clay ball, therefore, it tends to regain its original shape quickly. Due to this reason, more energy and momentum is transferred to the ivory ball in comparison to the wet-clay ball and hence, ivory ball will rise higher after striking the floor even though both are dropped from the same height.
Long Answer Type Questions
Q24. Consider a long steel bar under a tensile stress due to force F acting at the edges along the length of the bar (figure). Consider a plane making an angle 8 with the length. What are the tensile and shearing stresses on this plane?
(a) For what angle is the tensile stress a maximum?
(b) For what angle is the shearing stress a maximum?
Sol: According to the problem force F is applied along horizontal, so we resolve it in two perpendicular components—one is parallel to the inclined plane and other one is perpendicular to the inclined plane as shown in the diagram. Now, we can easily calculate the tensile and shearing stress. Here,
Important point: Here we are not applying direct formula for stress. Because to analyze different types of stresses, we have to divide the force in components. In normal stress, the force is applied normal to the surface. But in shear stress deforming force is applied tangential to one of the faces
Q25. A steel rod of length 21, cross-sectional area A and mass M is set rotating in a horizontal plane about an axis passing through the centre. If Y is the Young's modulus for steel, find the extension in the length of the rod. (Assume the rod is uniform)
Sol: First we have to consider a small element on the rod of mass dm to find tension in the rod at this element and then calculate for the whole rod.
Let us consider an element of width dx at a distance x from the given axis of rotation as shown in the diagram.
Q26.An equilateral triangle ABC is formed by two Cu rods AB and BC and one At It is heated in such a way that temperature of each rod increases by ∆T. Find change in the angle ABC. [Coefficient of linear expansion for Cu is α1 coefficient of linear expansion for Al is α2]
Sol: As the temperature of the rods increases length of each side will change, hence the angle corresponding to any vertex also changes as shown in the diagram.
Before heating, AB = BC = CA = l
After heating temperature of each rod is changed by ∆T and sides of ∆ABC is changed.
Let AB = l1,BC = l3,CA = l2 Using cosine formula,
Q27. In nature, the failure of structural members usually result from large torque because of twisting or bending rather than due to tensile or compressive strains. This process of structural breakdown is called buckling and in cases of tall cylindrical structures like trees, the torque is caused by its own weight bending the structure. Thus, the vertical through the centre of gravity does not fall within the base. The elastic torque caused because of this bending about the central axis of the tree is given by YπR4/ 4R. Y is the Young's modulus, r is the radius of the trunk and is the radius of curvature of the bent surface along the height of the tree containing the centre of gravity (the neutral surface). Estimate the critical height of a tree for a given radius of the trunk.
Sol: According to the problem, the elastic torque or the bending torque is given and we have to find the torque caused by the weight due to bending.
The diagram of the given situation is as shown.
The bending torque on the trunk of radius r of tree = YπR4/ 4R
where R the radius of curvature of the bent surface.
Q28. A stone of mass m is tied to an elastic string of negligible mass and spring constant k. The unstretched length of the string is L and has negligible mass. The other end of the string is fixed to a nail at a point P. Initially the stone is at the same level as the point P. The stone is dropped vertically from point P.
(a) Find the distance y from the top when the mass comes to rest for an instant, for the first time.
(b) What is the maximum velocity attained by the stone in this drop?
(c) What shall be the nature of the motion after the stone has reached its lowest point?
Sol:In this problem, the given string is elastic. Consider the diagram the stone is dropped from point P.
(a) When the stone is dropped, then it covers distance Y before coming to rest, for the first instant.
Y=L + (Y-L)
First it covers the distance L equal to length of string distance in free fall and a further distance (Y – L) due to extension in the string. So it covers a total distance Y until it instantaneously comes to rest at Q.
We have to find y, so by applying energy conservation principle,
Loss in potential energy of stone = Gain in elastic potential energy in string
(b) In SHM, the maximum velocity is attained when the body passes, through the "equilibrium, position", i.e., when the instantaneous acceleration is zero. That is mg -kx = 0, where .r is the extension from L.
(c) When stone is at the lowest point Q, i.e. at instantaneous distance Y from P from where the stone is dropped, then equation of motion of the stone is
mass x acceleration = net force on the stone
All Chapter NCERT Exemplar Problems Solutions For Class 11 Physics
All Subject NCERT Exemplar Problems Solutions For Class 11
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 14 Waves
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 13 Oscillations
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 12 Kinetic Theory
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 11 Thermodynamics
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 10 Thermal Properties of Matter
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 9 Mechanical Properties of Fluids
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 7 Gravitation
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 6 System of Particles and Rotational Motion
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 5 Work, Energy and Power
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Chapter 4 Laws of Motion


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Outstanding Psychologists (10 Phenomenal Careers)
While Sigmund Freud, Ivan Pavlov, and Carl Jung come to mind for many of us in thinking about great psychologists, the field has grown massively in the last century. Psychologists today are able to delve beyond their observations into scientific data that reveals correlations between brain activities and symptoms of various diagnosis. Furthermore, they are able to contribute to society in more direct paths. As they continue to help those in need of treatment, they ensure the field continues to develop. Their intent to help all of us showcases these outstanding psychologists awesome impact on society as a whole.
Lisa Feldman Barrett, Ph.D. — Psychology of Emotion
Lisa Feldman Barrett, Ph.D.
Dr. Lisa Barrett is an outstanding psychologist who focuses on developing a better understanding of emotion. She is perhaps best known for her books, including How Emotions are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain.
Barrett earned her bachelor's degree from the University of Toronto and her Ph.D. from the University of Waterloo. Currently, she is a University Distinguished Professor of Psychology at Northeastern University and Co-Director of the Interdisciplinary Affective Science Laboratory. She also holds appointments at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital as a psychologist.
While serving as Editor-In-Chief of the journal Emotion Review, she has published over 200 peer-reviewed articles. Her work aims to transform behavioral research and biomedical understandings. Additionally, Barrett gave a TED Talk on her work. Her research has also become important for understanding the basics of emotional life, the role language and conceptual knowledge plays in emotion perception, and the difference in emotional lives between men and women.
Barrett is President-Elect of the Association for Psychological Science (APS) and an Elected Fellow for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Moreover, she is the recipient of numerous awards, including the APS Mentor Award for Lifetime Achievement, the Dinner Award in Social Psychology, the National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award, and Creative Activity Award. She has also received the Arts in Academics Award and Excellence in Research recognition. Furthermore, Barrett's work is renowned in government and media circles. She has testified before Congress, appeared on The Today Show, and presented her research findings to the FBI.
Outstanding Psychologist: Read about Lisa Feldman Barrett.
Alia Crum, Ph.D. — Subjective Mindsets
Alia Crum, Ph.D.
Dr. Alia Crum is an assistant professor of psychology at Stanford University. She is also the Principal Investigator of the Mind & Body Lab at Stanford University. As an outstanding psychologist, her work focuses on changes in subjective mindsets. Moreover, she seeks to understand how the human brain perceives, organizes, and interprets information.
She earned her bachelor's degree from Harvard University and her Ph.D. from Yale University. Beyond her Ph.D., she completed her post-doctoral fellowship at Columbia University. Additionally, her professional research has been supported by grants from organizations such as the Stanford Catalyst for Collaborative Solutions, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health.
Crum has earned a plethora of awards, including the Phi Beta Kappa Teaching Award, the Dean's Award for First Year of Teaching, the Rising Star Award, the New Innovator Award, and the Seymour E. and Ruth B. Harris Prize at Harvard University. Moreover, she has published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals as well as chaired multiple symposia. To date, she has presented her findings at numerous conferences and events. Crum's presentations have been at the Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention, the Society for Personality and Social Psychology Annual Convention, the World Economic Forum, and the Global Wellness Summit. Ultimately, her work aims to enhance psychological well-being for individuals.
Outstanding Psychologist: Read about Alia Crum.
Jamil Zaki, Ph.D. — Psychology of Altruism
Jamil Zaki, Ph.D.
Dr. Jamil Zaki is an assistant professor of psychology and Bio-X Faculty at Stanford University. Zaki's research primarily focuses on the cognitive and neural bases of social behavior. His emphasis as an outstanding psychologist is on empathic accuracy, social influence, and altruism.
He earned his bachelor's degree from Boston University and his Ph.D. from Columbia University. Afterward, he completed his post-doctoral fellowship at Harvard University. As an outstanding psychologist, Zaki's has many published works. He has a multitude of articles in peer-reviewed journals and spoken at numerous talks and conferences. His talks include presentations for the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Social and Affective Neuroscience Society, and the World Congress on Positive Psychology, to name a few. Additionally, he has chaired various symposia and has helped in reviewing various journals such as American Psychologist, Archives of General Psychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, and Cognition and Emotion.
Zaki is also the recipient of several awards, including the Sage Young Scholar Award, the CAREER Award, the Janet T. Spence Award for Transformative Early Career Contribution, the Rising Star Award, and the Dean's Award for Distinguished Teaching. Funding for his research is from several different organizations such as the Army Research Office, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the Google Research Award.
Outstanding Psychologist: Read about Jamil Zaki.
Jason Okonofua, Ph.D. — Social Psychologist
Jason Okonofua, Ph.D.
Dr. Jason Okonofua is a social psychologist and assistant professor of psychology at University of California, Berkeley. He is also the principal investigator of the Equity, Diversity and Empathy Navigation Sciences (EDENS) Lab at the university. His research focuses on understanding the social and psychological processes contributing to inequality. Okonofua is an outstanding psychologist truly looking to make the world a better place.
He earned his bachelor's degree from Northwestern University in Illinois and his Ph.D. from Stanford University. Additionally, his research interests in psychology take root in social-personality studies and include schooling discipline, teacher-student relationships, the school-to-prison pipeline, and large-scale psychological intervention. Furthermore, one of his largest ongoing projects in this field is through EDENS Lab, focusing on moving youth offenders within the Juvenile Justice Center in Alameda County back into schools and overcome their challenges.
Okonofua's research is in a wide variety of peer-reviewed journals. Support for this research comes from organizations such as the Tides Foundation, Ford Foundation, National Science Foundation, and Enhancing Diversity in Graduate Education (EDGE). Additionally, Okonofua is the recipient of several awards. His collection includes the Cialdini Prize from SPSP, the Distinguished Scholar Award, the Diversity Travel Award, the William H. Exum Award for Scientific Paper, and the Graduate Research Opportunity Award.
Beyond his other accomplishments, Okonofua takes his research on the road. He has given a variety of talks and presentations at places such as the 28th APS Annual Convention, the Development and Integration of Mitigation Evidence Seminar through the Federal Death Penalty Resource Counsel, and the Seneca Family of Agencies. In addition to his academic talks, Okonofua's work has been featured in popular media like MSNBC, Huffington Post, Daily Mail, and Education Week.
Outstanding Psychologist: Read about Jason Okonofua.
Qing Zhou, Ph.D. — Developmental Psychopathology
Qing Zhou, Ph.D.
Dr. Qing Zhou is an associate professor of psychology at University of California, Berkeley. Her research primarily focuses on developmental psychopathology and understanding cultural influences on socio-emotional development. In addition to teaching, she is Director of the Culture and Family Study Lab at the university. Moreover, Zhou's studies of the impact of family, school, and culture on children showcase her performance as an outstanding psychologist.
She earned her bachelor's degree from Beijing Normal University. After finishing her studies in China, she came to America. She obtained both her master's degree and Ph.D. from Arizona State University. For her academic studies and success, she holds numerous awards. Her collection includes the Foundation for Child Development Young Scholars Award, the Graduate Fellow of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the American Psychological Association Dissertation Award, and the Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meeting Travel Award.
Zhou's research includes a plethora of top peer-reviewed articles in industry journals. Her research is often supported by grants from organizations such as the National Institute of Health, the Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines Endowment Fund, the University of California Berkeley Institute for the Study of Societal Issues Seed Grant, and the France-Berkeley Fund. Additionally, she presents her research at various conferences and talks, including past presentations at the Psychological Sciences Colloquium and the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development. She is also a member of the Society for Research in Child Development and the Association of Psychological Science.
Outstanding Psychologist: Read about Qing Zhou.
Joshua Buckholtz, Ph.D. — Psychology of Addiction and Personality Disorders
Joshua Buckholtz, Ph.D.
Dr. Joshua Buckholtz is an assistant professor of psychology at Harvard University. His research primarily focuses on understanding why humans vary so much in their ability to maintain self-control. He is currently exploring this research in the Systems Neuroscience of Psychopathology Laboratory (SNPLab) at Harvard University. His research as an outstanding psychologist has implications in the fields of drug addiction, aggression, psychopathy, and personality disorders.
He earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his Ph.D. from Vanderbilt University in Tennessee. Since then, he published a plethora of peer-reviewed journals, including Neuroimage, Behavioral Neuroscience, and Trends in Neuroscience, to name a few. He is also the author of a variety of book chapters. Buckholtz's research is often funded by organizations such as the Brain Behavior Research Fund, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the National Institute of Health, and the Mind, Brain, Behavior Interfaculty Initiative at Harvard.
In addition to publishing, he is an avid speaker at conferences. Some of his talks include audiences with the James McGill Distinguished Speaker Series, the Trichotillomania Learning Center Precision Medicine Initiative, and the Macarthur Foundation Research Network on Law and Neuroscience. Furthermore, Buckholtz is the recipient of several awards, including the Harvard College Favorite Professor Award, the Young Investigator Award, the Distinction in Faculty Advising, and the Mind, Brain, and Behavior Faculty Award.
Outstanding Psychologist: Read about Joshua Buckholtz.
Alan Anticevic, Ph.D. — Psychiatric Illness
Alan Anticevic, Ph.D.
Dr. Alan Anticevic is an assistant professor of psychiatry and psychology at Yale University. He is also Administrative Director of the Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism at the university. His research focuses on the cognitive neuroscience of psychiatric illness and neuroimaging analysis methodology.
Anticevic earned his bachelor's degree from Drake University and both his master's degree and Ph.D. from Washington University in St. Louis. His research is frequently funded by entities such as the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) Young Investigator Award, and the National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
He is published in a variety of peer-reviewed journal and is currently under review for more articles. Additionally, Anticevic is involved in a variety of conference presentations. His presentations include the Annual Meeting of the Organization of Human Brain Mapping, the Annual Meeting of the Society for Biological Psychiatry, and the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Autism Research.
Beyond his publications and talks, Anticevic is the recipient of many awards. These include the Society for Biological Psychiatry Top Poster Award, the Organization for Human Brain Mapping Graduate Student Award, the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation Scholar Award, and the NIH Director's Early Independence Award. He also co-organized the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Directors Meeting held at Yale University and the 3rd International Conference on Applications of Neuroimaging to Alcoholism.
Outstanding Psychologist: Read about Alan Anticevic.
George Newman, Ph.D. — 21st Century Socio-Psychological Studies
George Newman, Ph.D.
Dr. George Newman is an assistant professor of management at Yale University. Additionally, he works with both the department of psychology and that of cognitive science. As an outstanding psychologist, his research reflects the nature of psychological and sociological struggles of the 21st century.
He earned his bachelor's degree from Northwestern University. His master's degree and Ph.D. are from Yale University. His research focuses on understanding the psychological processes underlying our notions of authenticity. He also looks at consumer relationships with their desire to "do good" balanced against their insistence on maximizing the productivity of their donations and purchases. Much of his past and current research is supported by grants from Yale. Newman is the recipient of several awards. Some of his collection includes the Richard Launcher Dissertation Fellowship, the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Honorable Mention, the William H. Hunt Award for Best Undergraduate Thesis in Psychology, and the Northwestern University Undergraduate Research Grant.
Newman is published in many journals and the author of a variety of book chapters. He also presents his work at conferences, including past talks at the New England Marketing Conference, the Authenticity Workshop at Stanford University, the Annual Yale Center for Customer Insights Conference, and the Annual Meeting of the Social Philanthropy Initiative. Beyond his academic contributions, Newman also leads seminars for senior executives in North America and Asia on marketing and management topics based on his research. His greatest contribution yet is to understanding judgment and decision making, moral reasoning, authenticity, and consumption and consumer behavior.
Outstanding Psychologist: Read about George Newman.
Ed Boyden, Ph.D. — Neurobiological Engineering Psychologist
Ed Boyden, Ph.D.
Dr. Ed Boyden holds the title of Y. Eva Tan Associate Professor in Neurotechnology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Additionally, he is an investigator at the McGovern Insitute for Brain Research and the co-director of the MIT Center for Neurobiological Engineering. His research is focused on developing tools for analyzing and repairing complex biological systems, highlighting the very modern investment of this outstanding psychologist's work. Boyden's research is important to the understanding of diseases such as Parkinson's, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.
Boyden is a highly academic educator and researcher. He holds three degrees from MIT in electrical engineering, computer science, and physics. He then completed his Ph.D. in neurosciences at Stanford University. Additionally, his tenure at Stanford included funding as a Hertz Fellow, a title earned only by the most remarkable doctoral candidates in the nation. In addition to his listed commitments, he is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Inventors, and the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.
Beyond his titles at Stanford, he also leads the Synthetic Neurobiology Group. This group aims to invent new tools for the analysis and engineering of various brain circuits. His large library of research is well-published. With contributions and authorship of more than 300 peer-reviewed articles and invitations to more than 300 talks on the work of the SNG alone, Boyden is poised to continue contributing immensely to his field.
Of note, Boyden holds a Canada Gairdner International Award, a Carnegie Prize in Mind and Brain Sciences, a Lundbeck "Brain" Prize (the world's largest brain research prize), and two NIH Director's Transformative Research Awards, to name a few. He was also named the Technology Review World's "Top 35 Innovators Under 35" in 2006.
Outstanding Psychologist: Read about Ed Boyden.
Gloria Choi, Ph.D. — Brain and Cognitive Psychologist
Gloria Choi, Ph.D.
Dr. Gloria Choi is an assistant professor of brain and cognitive sciences at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). At the university, she also serves as an investigator at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and holds the Samuel A. Goldblith Career Development Professorship. Furthermore, Choi is the Principal Investigator of the Choi Lab. This outstanding psychologist is digging deeper into issues that affect people from birth.
She earned her bachelor's degree from the University of California, Berkeley and her Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Moreover, she continued with postdoctoral research as a scientist at Columbia University with Richard Axel. Her research enhances the understanding of how the immune system influences the brain and modulates neural circuits to shape and determine behavioral output.
Choi is published in a wide variety of peer-reviewed journals. Beyond her personal research, Chio's lab is mapping sensory stimuli to behavioral output, understanding the role of neuromodulation in social learning, cognitive control of olfactory learning, and neuroimmunology. Additionally, she is the recipient of several awards. She was a member of the Sloan Research Fellowship, given to young scientists whose achievements prove they are rising stars in their fields. She also made Cell's "40 under 40" list.
Outstanding Psychologist: Read about Gloria Choi.
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Wall Plaque/Plate in the Bamboo pattern. Size is 9 inches wide. Factory drilled holes in the back ridge making it ready to hang on a wall. No damage or restoration. Dates to 1936. Only has the Wilkinsons Backstamp. SOLD.


On Friday the Crystal Palace Auditorium came to life as hundreds of Orange Walkenos came out for the 2016 Zumba Invasion dance party. As we reported, the event was organized with the main objective being to raise funds to offer assistance to the Orange Walk Cancer Support Group. Today, organizers of the event proudly handed over a check amounting to five thousand two hundred and eleven dollars to the president of the Orange Walk Cancer support group, Badhra Coleman, who expressed her immense gratitude at the generous donation that will greatly assist many individuals who are currently in the fight against cancer.
And according to organizer of the event, Margie Rivas Ayuso, Zumba Invasion would not have been possible without the overwhelming support that was shown on Friday which greatly surpassed her expectations.
The hope of the group is to make this event an annual one and to be able to assist many more organizations who represent a worthy and noble cause such as the Cancer support group.
And of course the success of Friday's event could not have been possible without the assistance of the Orange Walk business community and as such the group extended a warm thank you to all who made the event possible.


Reason for all the activity is that these young New Zealanders are about to attack a world record for the longest march by a women's pipe-band.
CU Shoulder Flash - "City Christchurch Ladies."
CU Road sign (Man road - southwest"
LS girls marching - playing pipes, Drum Major's stick.
Background: Reason for all the activity is that these young New Zealanders are about to attack a world record for the longest march by a women's pipe-band. This challenge to the ladies of Christchurch was accepted... and there to encourage them were the men-pipers of Christchurch, showing the way out of the city.
The task before them was the twelve miles record set by a women's Highland band in Canada. The New Zealanders were out not only to beat this -- but to do so before they even stopped for their first rest during the march.
By the time they stopped for this, the record was in fact already theirs. They'd already covered thirteen miles and were still confident of carrying on to Ashburtan fifty miles all told. So, refreshed and eager, they took to the road again.
For three weeks or so before the march, the girls had prepared by rubbing their feet with methylated spirits every day. Blisters finally forced them to give up -- but only after they'd marched nearly twenty-three miles and clinched a world record for Christchurch.


If you are intersted in a custom order as a christmas gift, please order early and allow up to 3 weeks for shipping.... Usually less but to be on the safe side... I also get very busy around christmas so please order early.
If you would like to ask a question or place an order its as simple as emailing me and letting me know what you are intersted in. I ship to the United States as well as Canada, My prices are in U.S. funds but if you are Canadain you can email me for a price.
I accept paypal, online payment, you can sign up for free at www.paypal.com payment through paypal will be shipped as soon as payment is confirmed, or I also accept International money orders which can be purchased at your local post office, unfortunately the order will not be shipped until the money order arrives which will cause a bit of delays if you are sending money orders.
The majority of my on line customers, have been from the Untited States, so I have recently converted my prices to U.S.
Standard Wall Mount - Vertical Upright Mailbox 80.00U.S.
Standard WallMount -Horizontal Ranch Style 85.00U.S.
Rural Route Mailbox Standard size 125.00 U.S.
Shipping and handling charges, extra.
Larger Sizes, and smaller sizes also available, please email me if you would like another size I can give you a price.. Thanks.
Custom, personalised orders. If you have an idea you would like to see, or a pet, or a house portrait you would like painted on an item, simply email the picture to me with any of your questions... 99 percent of my orders are custom orders so feel free to contact me if you have something special in mind. If you saw something on my site you liked but not the right colors, that can be changed as well. I will personalise anything with your name or address, or a special message no extra charge. I always personalize the item last so if your not happy with your item, please let me know in advance before its been personlaized. I will ask alot of questions to make sure I get it the way you want it, as well I will send picture previews as well as pictures of your finished item. I do send several picture previews before its shipped or before I charge you so let me know at that time if your not happy with it... once its personalized I can not refund any portion.
You may also leave a message in the guestbook or below and if you leave your email address I can contact you if you wish.
Prices are for standard Ground Shipping, If you need it faster it can be sent expidited, 8-14 business days, or Express post 6 business days, however the shipping will be higher.
Shipping, I ship all items using the postal service, depending on the size of the parcel and the destination it can take 2-6 weeks by surface or if its a larger package it usually takes 8-14 business days... If you want quicker service the price of shipping will be much higher.. thanks..


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text:
Tag: Health Care
3-week wait for wheelchair repair shows system is 'broken,' says Toronto man
Problem is province-wide, advocacy organization says
A Toronto man says he's been left stranded as he waits for repairs to devices on which he depends daily, including his electric wheelchair.
Joshua Dvorkin, 44, is quadriplegic and has been using a wheelchair ever since a seizure caused him to fall seven feet from a balcony 14 years ago.
MossRehab: Managing Autonomic Dysreflexia After Spinal Cord Injury
People with spinal cord injures at or above T6 may be at risk for a condition called autonomic dysreflexia that can result in a dangerous spike in blood pressure.
What is a spinal cord injury?
A spinal cord injury means that the spinal cord of a person is damaged and the person cannot do things that they otherwise would have been able to do such as walking (mobility) or feeling in certain parts of their body.
The spinal cord of a person is roughly 50 centimetres in length and it spreads from the bottom of the brain to about the waist. It is a key bundle of nerves that facilitates communication between the brain and the rest of the body, giving instructions to initiate actions such as movement. It consists of 31 pairs of nerves which connect it to different parts of the body, with the nerves that are on the left connecting with the left side of the body and those that are on the right connecting with the right side of the body (WHO, 2010).
United Spinal's "Roll on Capitol Hill" to Advocate for Policies that Strengthen Health and...
Published: May 9, 2017 | Spinal Cord Injury: C-5, C-6, Quadriplegia
Richard Bagby of Richmond, Virginia to Represent Disability Community
NEW YORK, May 9, 2017 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ — United Spinal Association's 6th Annual Roll on Capitol Hill, June 11-14 in Washington, D.C., will host Richard Bagby, former collegiate athlete and deputy director of the organization's Virginia chapter, along with other prominent disability advocates to speak directly with legislators on issues that affect the independence and quality of life for people with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D).
Bagby will be attending Roll on Capitol Hill to urge his state representatives to support legislation that helps people living with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D) become productive members of society.
General Medical Concerns for People with Spinal Cord Injury
When a health concern comes up, how do you know what kind of health care provider to see?
Spinal Cord Injury Patients Face Many Serious Health Problems Besides Paralysis
MAYWOOD, IL – Paralysis is just one of the many serious health problems faced by patients who suffer spinal cord injuries.
Spinal cord patients also are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease; pneumonia; life-threatening blood clots; bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction; constipation and other gastrointestinal problems; pressure ulcers; and chronic pain, according to a report published in the journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports.
Public Health Officials Struggle To Identify Sepsis Before It Becomes Deadly
After Rory Staunton fell at the gym and cut his arm in March of 2012, the 12-year-old became feverish and vomited during the night, complaining of a sharp pain in his leg. When his parents called his pediatrician the next day, she wasn't worried. She said there was a stomach virus going around New York City, and his leg pain was likely due to his fall.
However, she advised his parents, Orlaith and Ciaran Staunton, to take the youngster to the emergency department because he might be dehydrated. There hospital workers did some blood work, gave him fluids and sent him home.
AMR Air Ambulance
AMR Air Ambulance, a subsidiary of Envision Healthcare. We deliver fixed wing air ambulance transport services that provide true "bed-to-bed" service, including specialized medical care during air and ground transportation, as well as any other incidentals.
AMR Air Ambulance is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Transport Systems (CAMTS). CAMTS is the USA Standard for Air Medical Transport.
What's Next? In Limbo With Syrian Refugees Who Have Spinal Cord Injuries
"Do you eat eye?" the man asked me, tearing meat away from a sheep's skull.
"No, I do not eat eye," I replied, pleased to have been given an out. "Thank you."
I was the guest of honor at a small apartment on the outskirts of Amman, Jordan, where a group of about 15 Syrian refugee men all live together. Their uniting bond is their paralysis: All have spinal cord injuries from fighting in the Syrian civil war.
A few of the men had been my patients back in 2013, when I volunteered at a spinal cord injury apartment in Amman. At the time, their situation struck me as hopeless. I had good reason to feel that way — but I turned out to be wrong.
Do the Paralyzed Have a Medical Right to This $70K Exoskeleton?
American insurance providers are being faced with an interesting health care debate: Should walking be considered a need?
At the center of this debate are exoskeletons — motorized devices that allows those with spinal cord injuries to stand upright and walk. So far, the ReWalk system is the only exoskeleton in the United States that has been approved by the FDA. However, it costs close to $70,000.
ReWalk announced that a commercial health plan will provide coverage for a personal exoskeleton system.


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Home Sports Fall Women's soccer ties with Rutgers-Camden in tight NJAC battle
Women's soccer ties with Rutgers-Camden in tight NJAC battle
Michael Reina
Junior back Casey Lubonski looks onto the field in a game earlier this year. Multimedia Editor/Miguel Martinez.
Scoring wasn't hard to come by on Saturday night in Glassboro.
The Rowan women's soccer team moved to 9-1-1 overall and 4-0-1 in the New Jersey Athletic Conference (NJAC) with a 9-0 against New Jersey City University.
The brown and gold showed their offensive presence in the first half, scoring four goals against NJCU before halftime. Rowan could've put up more on the score board against the away team, but six of their offensive opportunities were deemed offside.
Rowan didn't ease up, as they scored another five goals in the second half including Cathyrn McCarry putting a header past NJCU goalie Cidney Lee-Sam at the 60 minute mark for her second in a span of just under two minutes. Jessica Beck found the back of the net on a penalty in the 67th minute for her second goal of the game as well.
Defensively, the home team only had to make three saves to notch their seventh clean sheet of the season, while NJCU totaled 13 saves, one of which was a penalty at the 33rd minute.
As has been common as of late for the team, they had a total of 40 shots taken with 22 on target, while NJCU only had 3 shots total. It was Rowan's third consecutive game of 20 or more total shots taken.
Seven different Profs had scored on the night once the final whistle blew.
"We don't really look at who scores the goals, we look at how we are scoring the goals," said head coach Scott Leacott. "We've been scoring some quality goals which is nice for us, it's not like we're getting cheap goals off of their defensive turnovers so just moving forward it's the way we score, not so who scores."
The Profs offense has been nothing short of spectacular this season, with 15 players registering at least one goal and score five or more goals in five of their 11 games. Junior Daria Jones, a transfer from Fairleigh Dickinson University, is Rowan's top goalscorer with 11 goals this season and two hat tricks. She had just two in her whole time as a Knight.
"I love scoring, but when you have a whole team effort like the game before, the only people who scored twice were Cat [McCarry] and Jess [Beck] otherwise it was nine goals of seven different people so it was really cool," Jones said.
The team tied 0-0 with Rutgers University-Camden on Wednesday night.
For comments/questions about this story, email sports@thewhitonline.com or tweet @TheWhitOnline.
Cathryn McCarry
Daria Jones
Jessica Beck
Scott Leacott
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Broken school record highlights Rowan Women's Indoor Track & Field's weekend at NYC Gotham Cup


Las Vegas' tourism agency announced yesterday it is recommending that an enterprise backed by the divisive billionaire receive a contract to build and operate an underground tunnel system through which autonomous electric vehicles would whisk people around a mega convention center, and in the future, possibly the city's famous casino-filled corridor.
If approved, the system of just over a mile long would debut by January 2021 at the Las Vegas Convention Center, which hosts more than 1 million people every year. The Musk-owned The Boring Company would build the project costing from USD35 million to $55 million.


My name is Calvin Jude Jansz and I am standing in the Student Union elections to become your next President. To tell you a bit about myself, I am the incumbent President of the University of Brighton Men's Rugby Club and the Chairman of the Sports Federation Committee. I will be graduating in the summer with a bachelor's degree in Politics, Philosophy and Ethics. Thanks to my time spent at the university, both academically and through my close work with the students union through sports, I have been afforded a great insight into the role of SU President, as well as having built a good working relationship with the staff at the university which I would aim to build upon, if elected.
I will be fighting to make sure that your student voice is heard and considered throughout all levels of both university and student union policy-making. I believe that if you have a problem then you should be able to speak openly and honestly about it, and that it should then be dealt with in an appropriate manner to find a solution, no matter the issue.
I will also make sure that all of the university's services and resources are made as easily accessible for all students, as possible. I understand that it can be difficult to ask for help, and even harder in actually getting the right help that you need sometimes, therefore I would aim to make this process as straightforward as possible for all students. I would also look to supplement the brilliant resources and services that we already have at the university, as well as alter and improve some of the less successful ones.
If elected, raising the profile of mental health and other invisible disabilities amongst students would be one of my top priorities, in order to ensure that the right level of support is readily available and make strides towards removing the stigma around the subject.
I would work hard with all of the Vice Presidents as well as our part-time officers (BAME, LGBTQ+, Disabled, Environmental, International, Women's and Mature Students) to give a voice to all students, particularly those who are not always heard. I believe it is important that all groups of people are able to express their opinions openly and equally, without fear of being judged, and that no group feels disenfranchised or left out of the conversation.
Underpinning each of the above priorities is the need to ensure that the university remains accountable to its students. To support this, I would aim to hold regular weekly drop-in sessions in which students will be able to give feedback about what we, as a students union, could be doing better (and hopefully what we are already doing well).


Changes keep happening in the world, and some of them get even worse when it is in the two extremes because the body is not able to deal with such extremes. It is easy to get infected if you are subjected to too much heat or too much cold for a long time because adjusting becomes a challenge for the body. With a functional furnace then it is very significant to ensure that you are well prepared by the way things are happening and make sure you never become challenged by any of the extremes. If it had stopped functioning then it is time you repair it and get it functioning because it will not take too long before the season takes another direction. Doing furnace maintenance and repairs should not occasion but regularly so that anytime you need to use your HVAC you will not be inconvenienced. These are some of the goodness associated with maintaining your furnace in the best condition in your home or even at the office that you will always want to learn more about.
It enhances the functionality of the HVAC system than it ever could have. During a maintenance program, the technician will ensure that they do not leave anything unattended. They will ensure that by the time they leave everything is functioning in the right way. Some of the technicalities that the contractor does is first to inspect the HVAC system so that they can if the wiring is okay. After that they will clean and lubricate all the components in the unit as required. The fuel levels and lines are also assessed. They ensure there is accurate calibration of the pressure in the fuel line and test the efficiency of the pilot light. There is check to confirm the reliability of the unit. The technician then addresses any repairs and concerns so that they can be corrected.
It increases the efficiency of the entire unit because the technician will ensure all the components are well handled. It protects your health and that of your loved ones. The biggest role of the furnace is to circulate fresh and clean air in the house. It becomes risky when the air in circulation is not fresh and has some airborne pollutants. If the furnace is not clean then the air circulating is also never clean. The only way to clear this is by cleaning and booking maintenance appointment.
The last thing is that it extends the lifespan of the unit. An HVAC unit is an expensive investment that you cannot afford to buy a new one every new year. This is how you will ensure that you attain a lot of success in this because nothing is messing up at any point. Doing maintenance on your furnace is a preventive measure against breakdown and narrow lifespan of your system. You will love the benefits that come with it the longest.


Two weeks ago I joined a training held in SAP Labs China about Docker and Kubernetes.
And after this training, I wrote a post for local partners in China, briefly introducing why Kubernetes is also needed within SAP and relationship between Kubernetes and SAP Kyma. For more details please refer to my article: the Newton on shoulders of the giant.
As I am just quite a newbie in this completely new world, I would like to share what I have learned in the community.
Still use our SAP UI5 application for example.
Now it's time to learn how to deploy the same UI5 application to Kubernetes.
The UI5 application I use is a typical "Master-Detail" application which could be found from my github.
My aim is to deploy and make it running smoothly in Kubernetes,just as what I did the same in Heroku, Github and SAP Cloud Platform.
In order not to make this blog too lengthy and due to the fact that container is a key to Kubernetes, the article is splited into two parts. This blog as the first part will show you how to make the UI5 application running within container. And I choose Docker, a very popular application container engine for demonstration.
Follow the instructions of this blog and you will in the end have the UI5 application running in Docker container.
Now let's start by exploring the "star" Docker image, Nginx, which has got so far 10.4k stars.
Now we see the "#" prompt within Docker container. The folder /usr/share/nginx/html is the place where your web application must be located.
Now we should think about an approach to download the UI5 application to the path /usr/share/nginx/html in Docker container.
I use "Docker Volume" which I think is a convenient way to pass some data from host to Docker container and vice versa.
Use the above command, I create a new Docker container instance by mapping the folder webapp in my host to the folder with the same name in container internal folder /usr/share/nginx/html, which means as soon as I put anything in host webapp folder, the same content should be immediately visible in Docker container as well.
The option -p 1081:80 also exposes port 1081 instead of the default 80 port, so later we will verify via url localhost:1081.
Now download all files within webapp folder from my github into webapp folder in my host, and peek container folder /usr/share/nginx/html to ensure everything is there, too.
Now launch url localhost:1081/webapp and you should see the UI5 application as expected.
Till now the UI5 application is only running in my local Docker container and thus could not be consumed by others without publishing it into Docker hub.
And the prerequisite for publish is to package the application on top of Nginx image into a new Docker image.
These are very self-explained instruction which tells Docker utilities how to burn a new image.
Now this image is available in my local image repository and available for push into Docker hub.
For those readers who reach this part, I assume you own git experience already and thanks to the docker design, you don't need to learn anything new to push the local image into Docker hub – everything works exactly the same as how you push your application code to github.com via git client.
Of course you should first create an account in Docker hub.
Wait for a while till upload finishes.
Refresh your repository in Docker hub and you will see the last Updated column has changed accordingly.
Now you can tell your friends to try your new Docker image in their laptop or you can also delete the already downloaded image locally and re-launch it from scratch. In both situation, it is expected to first get notification "Unable to find image 'i042416/ui5-nginx:latest' locally and then catch sight of the remote downloading behavior.
The result of docker inspect against running container proves that it's based on the image 'i042416/ui5-nginx' fetched from Docker hub.
Now we have finished the prerequisite to make the UI5 application running in Kubernetes. Stay tuned for the incoming really funny stuff!
Thanks for the great blog,have one doubt though. Offlate i have been trying to understand this world of containers via podcast/tutorials etc. so bear with me if my doubt sounded silly. As of now in this blog you are able to create the container image via docker and able to publish it. I feel till now you have not used any orchestator like K8S or docker swarm to create pods and then run containers on them, right? Secondly i beleive you are using the cdn for SAPUI5 right? Will it not be better if we have that also referenced locally in the conatiner thus making your image completely independent?
Thanks a lot for your reading!
" I feel till now you have not used any orchestator like K8S or docker swarm to create pods and then run containers on them, right? " – you are right. As I said, It's an important prerequisite to have UI5 application running within docker, before it is ready for Kubernetes. I even heard a saying "anything which could be running in docker could be running in Kubernetes as well".
Yes I am using a UI5 CDN, since this is just a demo but not for productive use purpose. I know at least in SAP Cloud for Customer mobile solution, the UI5 library is packaged together with application code to generate a uniform application bundle in Android / iOS. I have explained in more detail in this article. Currently I just use UI5 CDN for demo purpose.
I am trying to do a sample demo on this but I am stuck at this point.
There is no clue for me to navigate to the localhost and add these downloaded files.
How can I go to the specified localhost and add my downloaded files from your GitHub ?
If you see the above image, I have created the localhost but not able to add the files in the web app folder and go further.
In Docker world, host often means the physical machine where the Docker software is running. Here the main trick we have to do is how to download the UI5 source code files from github to the internal folder "/usr/share/nginx/html/webapp" of the running docker container instance.


A 14-year-old California boy has been arrested for allegedly posing as a sheriff's deputy while driving a car with emergency lights, police say.
The teenager allegedly pulled over a car, and after "obtaining the female's information he gave her a warning and let her go", California police said.
He also allegedly visited two homes, claiming to be responding to a domestic disturbance call.
He was later detained while driving a vehicle owned by his great grandmother.
The San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department said the teenager, who has not been identified due to his age, had mounted red and blue flashing lights to the windscreen of his great-grandmother's Ford Explorer SUV and wore what appeared to be a real handgun.
He was arrested on Tuesday at the High Desert Juvenile Detention Center, according to the Victorville Police Department.
In addition to stopping at least one driver on Monday night, the boy also allegedly visited a home and told its owner he there to investigate a "reported domestic disturbance," according to a police press release.
The boy was told there had been no call, and then tried to open the locked door after homeowner had closed it on him, according to police.
"For me, I was like, 'That's not normal. Do cops do that?'" Jasmine Jones, who lives at the residence, told KTLA-News.
"I saw the police uniform and I thought, 'That just doesn't look right,'" she said.
"It's loose, and the belt buckle isn't staying on his hips."
He also allegedly visited another home and activated his lights, causing a 16-year-old boy to leave his home.
He again claimed to be investigating a domestic disturbance and left after being informed there had not been a call, police said.
During a later search of the boy's home, investigators said they discovered a San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department uniform he allegedly wore.
Detectives also found "a large amount of counterfeit money, simulations firearms, ballistic vests, and other law enforcement related items".
The boy was already on probation, and has now been booked into the High Desert Juvenile Detention Center.