text:
Islamic Spiritual Care as a New Profession: Expectations and Professional Standards
M. Ajouaou
Spiritual care is a discipline that is practised on the interface of religion on the one hand and the public domain on the other, i.e., in penitentiary institutions, heath institutions, and the military, etc. Its legitimacy is found primarily in the sacred sources of a religion (Ajouaou, M., R. Ganzevoort et al. 2014, Yϋcel 2010) and had its beginnings in the so-called 'general pasto¬ral care' carried out by clergy and/or religious officials (priests, ministers, imams, etc.) with a view to missionary work (da'wa in Islam) or in response to the social and ethical call to care for the needy. For a number of decades, however, in Western democracies this legitimacy has shifted to the nation¬ally and internationally established rights of the individual to confess and practise a religion wherever he or she wishes, including places where this individual cannot find private spiritual care and counselling through regular channels (the church, mosque, synagogue, etc.). This process has led to the emergence of 'spiritual care' as a new profession with its own professional standards, competencies, and skills, a profession that can complete and com¬pete with other professions such as psychology and social work. Based on our PhD research in the Netherlands (Ajouaou 2010/2014), case studies in Dutch penitentiary institutions (Ajouaou 2010/2014, Ajouaou & Bernts 2014, Ajouaou & Bernts 2015) and the Dutch experience with these issues, I will present a model of Islamic spiritual care that tries to address the some challenges and requirements of professionalism the Islamic spiritual care has been dealing with.
First International Congress on Religious-Spiritual Counselling & Care
Ali Ayten, Mustafa Koç
Pasifik Ofset
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Islamic Spiritual Care as a New Profession: Expectations and Professional Standards'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Spiritual Care Arts & Humanities
Penitentiary Arts & Humanities
Religion Arts & Humanities
Legitimacy Arts & Humanities
Clergy Arts & Humanities
Social Work Arts & Humanities
Missionary Work Arts & Humanities
Imam Arts & Humanities
Ajouaou, M. (2016). Islamic Spiritual Care as a New Profession: Expectations and Professional Standards. In A. Ayten, & M. Koç (Eds.), First International Congress on Religious-Spiritual Counselling & Care (1 ed., Vol. 1, pp. 127-138). Pasifik Ofset.
Ajouaou, M. / Islamic Spiritual Care as a New Profession : Expectations and Professional Standards. First International Congress on Religious-Spiritual Counselling & Care. editor / Ali Ayten ; Mustafa Koç. Vol. 1 1. ed. Turkey : Pasifik Ofset, 2016. pp. 127-138
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Ajouaou, M 2016, Islamic Spiritual Care as a New Profession: Expectations and Professional Standards. in A Ayten & M Koç (eds), First International Congress on Religious-Spiritual Counselling & Care. 1 edn, vol. 1, Pasifik Ofset, Turkey, pp. 127-138.
Islamic Spiritual Care as a New Profession : Expectations and Professional Standards. / Ajouaou, M.
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AB - Spiritual care is a discipline that is practised on the interface of religion on the one hand and the public domain on the other, i.e., in penitentiary institutions, heath institutions, and the military, etc. Its legitimacy is found primarily in the sacred sources of a religion (Ajouaou, M., R. Ganzevoort et al. 2014, Yϋcel 2010) and had its beginnings in the so-called 'general pasto¬ral care' carried out by clergy and/or religious officials (priests, ministers, imams, etc.) with a view to missionary work (da'wa in Islam) or in response to the social and ethical call to care for the needy. For a number of decades, however, in Western democracies this legitimacy has shifted to the nation¬ally and internationally established rights of the individual to confess and practise a religion wherever he or she wishes, including places where this individual cannot find private spiritual care and counselling through regular channels (the church, mosque, synagogue, etc.). This process has led to the emergence of 'spiritual care' as a new profession with its own professional standards, competencies, and skills, a profession that can complete and com¬pete with other professions such as psychology and social work. Based on our PhD research in the Netherlands (Ajouaou 2010/2014), case studies in Dutch penitentiary institutions (Ajouaou 2010/2014, Ajouaou & Bernts 2014, Ajouaou & Bernts 2015) and the Dutch experience with these issues, I will present a model of Islamic spiritual care that tries to address the some challenges and requirements of professionalism the Islamic spiritual care has been dealing with.
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Ajouaou M. Islamic Spiritual Care as a New Profession: Expectations and Professional Standards. In Ayten A, Koç M, editors, First International Congress on Religious-Spiritual Counselling & Care. 1 ed. Vol. 1. Turkey: Pasifik Ofset. 2016. p. 127-138


FACE the possibilities is a one-day tutorial specially designed by Tor Torre, a make-up artist schooled and trained in London and New York for those of you who simply want to explore the possibilities of your own natural beauty using the magic of make-up. Tor will teach you how to enhance your features and create different looks for different occasions.
We will discuss your current skin care routine.
We will discuss your facial features and come to terms on which feature you'd like to enhance or tone down.
We will discuss your current makeup routine and re-work it.
We will work together so that YOU can learn to apply make-up correctly with confidence.
The tutorial will run between 3 to 4 hours.
We will do 3 looks. Starting with the "no make- up" make-up look, a casual / day look and a glamour / evening look.
You are to bring your own make-up (that you currently use). We will discuss the products that you have at hand and I will give out recommendations about certain products that are essential for you to have in your kit.
I will present products from my own kit for reference purposes.
The skin care products to be used during the entire program is provided for by the Filipino global skincare and cosmetics brand VMV Hypoallergenics.
These products are made available to be used for skin preparation before the start of every makeup process.
To know more about VMV Hypoallergenics click here.
No registration is needed. As long as the time and the date has been properly pre-arranged.
Payments made in cash or checks are accepted on the day of tutorial.
As an added bonus, successful registrants will receive a 25% discount coupon for VSRC Clinic Procedures from the Filipino global skincare and cosmetics brand VMV Hypoallergenics.
To know more about what VMV Skin Reasearch Center + Clinics (VSRC) is all about click here.
"FACE the studio" (click to see photos) is located on 12 President Laurel Street, Teoville East, Sucat Paranaque, Philippines.
There are shops and restaurants that are walking distance in the area. SM City BF, Starbucks, Mary Grace, 711 and other restaurants are right outside the village gate. Santana Grove is a few minutes walk further.
On SLEX south bound, exit at Sucat Interchange and turn right unto Dr. A. Santos Avenue.
Go straight past Santana Grove and Shopwise Sucat.
Keep left when SM City BF will be visible. On the stop light, turn left going to Presidents Avenue leading to BF Homes.
Turn left again on the first corner (Alviar Diagnostics is the landmark) and enter Teoville East.
Turn right and turn left on the second corner (President Laurel Street).
Number 12 Laurel will be the white house on the right.
Visit "Face the workshops" Facebook page by clicking here.


Well-regarded professional with excellent problem solving and strong analytical skills. Years of experience in accounting with emphasis on cash management, general ledger analysis and applications. Team player, highly motivated with a positive attitude and committed to excellence.
Prepared bank, investment and payroll reconciliations for high volume accounts ($200M).
Processed and recorded daily deposits; reviewed cash receipt entry forms for coding accuracy.
Worked closely with Banks, Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable to resolve cash transaction discrepancies including misapplications of rental and vendor refund payments.
Prepared journal entries for quarterly close; assisted auditors with requests.
Monitored and maintained monthly recurring payments.
Worked at the management office of PCV/ST residential complex.
Assisted Senior Accountant in month-end closings, quarterly and year-end financial reporting.
Reconciled depository, disbursement and security deposit accounts (volume 20M).
General ledger account analysis, prepared journal entries and accruals.
Responsible for processing daily deposits and petty cash.
Prepared bank reconciliations for high volume accounts ($100M).
Coordinated with bank, A/R and A/P to resolve cash transaction issues.
Reviewed Federal and Multi-State payroll tax data submitted to ADP.
Where can I find a Kimco Realty Corporation Staff Accountant resume example in Raleigh, North Carolina ?


text:
Александр Николаевич Головко:
* Головко, Александр Николаевич (род. 1972) — украинский пловец-паралимпиец.
 Головко, Александр Николаевич (род. 1972) — украинский учёный в сфере обработки металлов давлением. Академик АН ВШ Украины.
 Головко, Александр Николаевич (род. 1973) — украинский футболист.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


People are slowly but surely returning from Texas this week, which is doubly nice to be honest. Firstly, because weren't there (wahhhh, sob etc etc) and secondly, because people like Vampire Weekend finally get round to showing off two new songs (an no mobile phone clips either), "Diane Young" and "Step", from their forthcoming album Modern Vampires Of The City.
The rockabilly influence shines through "Diane Young", while "Step" is far more somber, but arguably one of their more memorable efforts in recent outings. Make up your mind below. Catch them in London on May 8, just after the album is released.


Would you like to get a used car loan, but you don't think you can because you have bad credit?
Bad credit is no longer a reason not to buy a used car.
Experian Automotive found that the average credit score for a used car is 659.
People are paying their loans back on time because the loan terms are longer and more affordable. That gives lenders more flexibility in the loans they offer.
As a result, the number of loans to buyers with poor credit scores increased by 11.4% since 2012.
Now that you know it is possible to get a used car loan, keep reading to learn how you can get the best loan.
The first step that you'll need to take when you're shopping for a loan is to check your credit.
You need to see where you stand, and you can take that information to lenders as you're shopping around.
Lenders may say that you had a recent issue on your credit report and that they can't give you a better rate. You can arm yourself with the most recent information to dispute those claims.
You'll want to get a recent check of your credit report and FICO scores. Go to AnnualCreditReport.com and MyFico.com.
MyFico.com has your three separate FICO scores from each credit bureaus (Experian, Transunion, Equifax).
Setting a proper budget is going to be a big factor to determine how much car you can afford. You're going to want to spend no more than 20% of your income on car payments.
Also, bear in mind that it's up to you to maintain the vehicle while you own it. You'll want to factor in maintenance & repair costs, insurance, and gas.
To lower your costs, you can use inexpensive parts that will keep your car running and won't break the bank.
Now that you know your credit score, you can take that information to estimate a monthly payment. You'll have to know how much you're going to put down or trade-in, what your interest rate will be based on your credit.
If you have a poor credit score that's below 550, you could pay as much as 18% in interest.
Lenders have been able to lower monthly payments, but the loans are stretched out over a longer period of time.
You want to make sure the used car that you buy will last longer than the used car loan.
Where can you get a used car loan if you have bad credit?
Unfortunately, there are a lot of lenders who prey on people with poor credit. Remember that you still have power in the transaction, even if you have bad credit.
You may feel that your options are limited, or you can only qualify for a high-interest rate loan. It's important to remember that you always have options.
It's best to avoid getting financing from a dealer, even though it's convenient. They usually have higher rates, and they're less willing to negotiate with on the final price of the car if you are getting from them.
Check with banks and credit unions first.
During this process, lenders will do a soft-credit pull to see if you pre-qualify for a loan. It doesn't guarantee that you'll get the loan or the terms of the loan. This pull doesn't damage your credit score.
To finalize a loan or pre-approval, banks will do a hard credit pull, which does impact your credit score.
That's why it's important to shop for loans in a two-week time period before buying to minimize the damage to your credit.
Waiting longer in between credit pulls can pull down your credit score, making it more difficult to get a loan at a decent interest rate.
Getting preapproved for a used car loan will give you negotiating power when it's time to buy. You're treated as a cash buyer.
Without the pre-approval loan, you're sold a car based on the monthly payment, where it becomes easy to forget about the length of the loan, what the car will be worth at the end of the loan, and how much you'll really pay for the loan.
When you do negotiate the price, make sure you leave room for taxes and fees.
If you walk in with a $15,000 pre-approval letter, that doesn't mean that you should get a $15,000 car. Aim for something around $12,000 to make sure taxes and fees are covered.
If your credit score is in bad shape and you don't want to pay up to 18% in interest, there is another option.
You can have someone co-sign your loan for you.
If you have a friend or relative that trusts you and knows you will pay the loan back on time, you could ask them to be joint-loan applicants.
The key is to make sure they have good credit. That can lower your interest rate and your monthly payments.
Note that by having a co-signor, they are responsible for your payments and their credit could get damaged if you miss or make late payments.
Once your used car loan is paid off, you own the car free and clear of any debt. That means that you can sell the car or use the car to get a short-term loan if you're in a pinch for cash.
Companies like Todays Financial Services offers auto title loans where you get a small amount of cash, and pay it back within 12 months.
You offer your car title as collateral, meaning that if you're late on payments or fail to pay back the loan, the company can take your car.
As long as you know what you can afford and stay within budget, you can pay off that loan in no time and improve your credit in the process.
Check out our consumer blog for tips on everything from finding the right insurance company to finding great books to read.


text:
HomeWelcome to St…Contact Us
Rev. Daniel Kirk
vicar@smgp.org.uk
Daniel became vicar of St. Michael's in July 2019 and is married to Ellelein who is from Mexico. They have two boys – David (14) and Joshua (12) and recently acquired a golden retriever puppy called Sasha! The Kirks served with SAMS and CMS in Chile from 2005 until they returned to the UK in…
Gemma-Louise Piggott
Children and Families Minister
glpiggott@stmichaelsgideapark.org.uk
Gemma-Louise joined the staff team at St.Michael's in November 2017 and oversees our ministry to children and young people. She trained for ministry at Oak Hill College in north London. Gemma-Louise is married to Matthew and they live locally in Harold Wood.
Sarah-Jane Goode
Sarah-Jane lives in Gidea Park and is married with two young children. She previously worked in the City of London as an office manager and personal assistant. Her role at St Michael's includes administrative support for the vicar and PCC, as well as managing our hall bookings.
John Tillett
Church Warden
wardens@stmichaelsgideapark.org.uk
Samuel Amosah

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The adult entertainment is worth around $ 15 billion The exact number is unknown due to the fact that much of the industry remains under the covers.
It did not get that way by sitting around allowing customers to find it. It worked its assets off. It stayed ahead of the industry, technology, market trends and consumer preferences. It was willing to go where others would not go.
What can you learn from adult ads? Let's take a closer look.
Many businesses treat social media ads and posts as a 1-way form of communication. But that's like taking the "social" out of social media.
Social media is a 2-way and sometimes a 3-way, 4-way or whichever way communication.
In order to participate, you need to be present. Interact with customers in real time.
We know that we're supposed to know our target audience and create content around them.
But adult ads show that they know their audience intimately. They think outside the box and really work to connect with people in a meaningful way – no holds barred and everything out on display.
As businesses, we're often scared to scratch the surface. We do not want to alienate some to connect with others.
But if you do not really understand what your target is and what is the motion of the goggles.
Ah, the adult industry! They're always diversifying and exploring new ways to make money.
Are your marketing strategies hyper focused on one product or element of your business? Maybe it's time to branch out. Take a page from the book of adult ads.
An actress may start may start out a certain type of video. She continues to expand her repertoire. As she continues to brand a product, escorts, appearances, private Skype sessions, exclusive parties, etc.
She leverages her brand awareness to continue the expansion, strengthening her brand through consistency and knowing what her fans want.
The adult industry remains on the cutting edge of technology.
When electronic payments first emerged, they were on it. When big data took over marketing, they were ready to go.
If we take a long trip back to the dawn of Internet marketing, they are the first to use pop up ads.
Geo-location software? There's so there.
And the list goes on. Through it, they've flourished online and beyond.
Do not let your marketing campaign get stuck in a rut. Stay current on what's new and adapt.
What will they think of next? How will they continue to keep people coming back for more? We shall see. And you may want to steal a page from their playbook for your own marketing efforts.


text:
NPP > JOURNALS > HBR > Vol. 4 > No. 1 (2021)
Aerobic Physical Activity Participation and Correlates of Participating in Muscle Strengthening Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Anthony McGaughey, Victor Andrews, Jason T. Sartor, Grace Fairchild Saidi, Katie M. Heinrich, and Paul Branscum
Physical Activity Behavior Comparisons Between Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
Cassandra M. Beattie, Jesse A. Stein, and Katie Heinrich
Health Vulnerability Model for Latinx Sexual and Gender Minorities: Typologies with Socioeconomic Stability, Health Care Access, and Social Characteristics Indicators
Alice Ma, Jennifer Toller Erausquin, Amanda E. Tanner, Eunyoung Y. Song, Manuel Garcia, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann-Jackson, and Scott D. Rhodes
Anxiety Sensitivity and Fast-Food Ordering Habits Among Black Adults
Vijay Nitturi, Tzu-An Chen, Michael J. Zvolensky, Lorna H. McNeill, Ezemenari M. Obasi, and Lorraine R. Reitzel
Beliefs about Social Distancing During COVID-19 Stay-At-Home Orders: A Theory-Based Salient Belief Elicitation
Christopher Owens, Nicole Struble, Joseph M. Currin, Zachary Giano, and Randolph D. Hubach
Who Should Decide? Decision-Making Preferences for Primary HPV Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening Among U.S. Women
Erika L. Thompson, Ashvita Garg, Katharine J. Head, Stacey B. Griner, Annalynn M. Galvin, and Tracey E. Barnett
Depression and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Rural-to-urban Migrants in China: The Moderating Roles of Acculturation and Social Capital
Chengbo Zeng, Xiaoming Li, Hongfei Du, Yunyu Xiao, and Danhua Lin
Should We Be Confident in Published Research? A Case Study of Confidence Interval Reporting in Health Education and Behavior Research
Adam E. Barry, Jovanni Reyes, Leigh Szucs, Patricia Goodson, and Danny Valdez
Policies/Information for Authors
Become an AAHB Member
Support HBR by Donating to AAHB
AAHB Annual Scientific Meeting
Call for Special Issue on Mentoring
All Issues Vol. 6, No. 1 Vol. 5, No. 4 Vol. 5, No. 3 Vol. 5, No. 2 Vol. 5, No. 1 Vol. 4, No. 3 Vol. 4, No. 2 Vol. 4, No. 1 Vol. 3, No. 2 Vol. 3, No. 1 Vol. 2, No. 4 Vol. 2, No. 3 Vol. 2, No. 2 Vol. 2, No. 1 Vol. 1, No. 3 Vol. 1, No. 2 Vol. 1, No. 1


Are you concerned about the price and quality of eczema & psoriasis treatment provided by clinics in Johor?
Being part of the online healthcare community here at Erufu Care, we understand your concerns, too. So we always work to find and compile information on Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment services in Johor through surveys, treatment experience feedback, and recommendations from patients in our community, like you.
With so many medical clinics providing Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment, and so many different treatment options available in Johor, how do you make the right choice?
As an online community medical support network here at Erufu Care, we have compiled the best medical clinics providing Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment in Johor for you, along with genuine reviews and ratings from verified patients who have gone to the clinic - who knows better than those who have experienced it first-hand?
How much does Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment cost around Johor?
We compiled Johor clinics and doctors that are licensed by the ministry of health Malaysia and verified by Erufu Care Team.There are medical clinics in Batu Pahat, Taman Sutera Utama, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Kulai, and other areas around Johor, so pick one that you are interested in!
Revival Medical Clinic (Johor Bahru) is known for the affordable Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment services that they provide.
If you wish to visit Revival Medical Clinic (Johor Bahru) , they're open everyday and closed on Sunday. It is advisable to make an appointment before your visit so that you will be prioritized.
The clinic also provides treatments and services that are popular among our Erufu Care Community, like Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment, Skin Allergies Treatment, Dermatitis Treatment, Skin Infections Treatment and Fungal Infection Treatment.
Are you looking for a Medical Aesthetics and Plastic Surgery clinic in and around Johor? Beverly Wilshire Medical Centre (Johor Bahru) is a clinic here at Jalan Ngee Heng established in 2012.
The traffic conditions around Beverly Wilshire Medical Centre (Johor Bahru) at Jalan Ngee Heng are typically light, so you don't have to worry much about the drive there. If you're driving to the clinic, there are underground/basement, indoor parking available.
They also provide treatments that are popular among our Erufu Care Community like Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment, Scar Removal, Tattoo Removal, Skin Tag Removal, Varicose Vein Surgery, Spider Veins Treatment and Pigmentation Treatment, and more.
Dr Ko Clinic (Batu Pahat) is a Medical Aesthetics clinic at Taman Maju that has provided Medical Aesthetics services in and around Johor for over 22 years since its establishment.
Make an appointment before visiting to be prioritized during your visit. Dr Ko Clinic (Batu Pahat) is open everyday and closed on Sunday.
Established in 1997, Dr Ko Clinic (Kulai Jaya) is a Medical Aesthetics clinic here at Indahpura since their 22 years of service in and around Johor.
Patients like Dr Ko Clinic (Kulai Jaya) for its affordable Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment services.
You can consider Dr Hon Aesthetic Clinic (Klinik Harmoni) if you're looking for affordable Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment services.
If you wish to visit Dr Hon Aesthetic Clinic (Klinik Harmoni), they're open daily except on Sunday. Make an appointment before visiting to be prioritized during your visit.
There are also services that are high in demand in our Erufu Care Community, like Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment, Skin Allergies Treatment, Rosacea Treatment and Fungal Infection Treatment, and more.
If you wish to visit Dr Ko Clinic (Johor Bahru), they're open daily and closed on Sunday. Make an appointment before visiting to be prioritized during your visit.
Find Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment in wider area of Johor?
Looking for Eczema & Psoriasis Treatment in particular location in Johor?


Finding yourself in the cosiest part of your home, full of fragrances and lovely memories.Getting together with relatives and friends to share moments of true enjoyment and to rediscover, together, the simple things of the past, in an atmosphere of hospitality. A concrete project for those with a taste for the romantic. The choice of solid wood, an ancient material, valuable and strong, in a variety of different finishes to satisfy the most demanding of tastes and to last over time.


text:
Heavy Traffic is the soundtrack to Ralph Bakshi's 1973 film Heavy Traffic. The film's score was performed by Ed Bogas and Ray Shanklin. The soundtrack album was released on Fantasy Records in 1973. The album was released on compact disc in 1996 as part of a compilation that featured both the soundtracks to Fritz the Cat and Heavy Traffic on the same disc.

Track listing
 Scarborough Fair (P.D., arr. Simon & Garfunkel)
Performed by Sérgio Mendes and Brasil '66
 Scarborough Street Fair (P.D., arr. Bogas)
 Twist and Shout (Russell-Medley)
Performed by The Isley Brothers
 Angie's Theme (Bogas)
 Take Five (Desmond)
Performed by the Dave Brubeck quartet
 Carole's Theme (Shanklin)
 Heavy Traffic (Shanklin)
 What You Sow (Bogas)
 Maybellene (Berry)
Performed by Chuck Berry
 Michael's Scarborough Fair (P.D., arr. Bogas)
 Ballroom Beauties (Bogas)
 Ballroom Dancers (Shanklin)
 Cartoon Time (Bogas)
 Ten-Cent Philosophy (Bogas-Shanklin)

References

1973 soundtrack albums
Ed Bogas albums
Fantasy Records soundtracks
Fritz the Cat
Ray Shanklin albums
Soul jazz albums
Drama film soundtracks


Air Jordan 1 'Reflective' highlighted with 3M Reflective detailing.
Jordan Brand employee Frank Cooker always has the latest in footwear and in most cases, shares it with us on Instagram. His latest gives us a first look at the Air Jordan 1 'Reflective' which is highlighted with 3M Reflective detailing.
While the 3M Reflective detailing could have been enough, this Air Jordan 1 also features laser print on the overlays. Following the 3M is used on the tongue, around the collar, panels, Nike Swoosh and toe. Other highlights include the traditional perforations, Wings branding by the collar and the iconic Nike Air branding on the tongue.
Like always, we will make sure to update you if a release date take place with all the information you will need. Let us know your thoughts in the comments section below.
Air Jordan 1air jordan release datejordan Reflective detailing.


And everything they choose is artificial-free too, which is what sold me on trying them out!
Little Z was super excited when I told her that this box was full of Z-safe foods. "No fake colors, no fake flavors?" Yep! "Hooray! Can I eat it right now?"
The Savorfull box is only $15 per month, with no added shipping charge! That's a fantastic deal, especially considering that the Better Batter alone retails for around $11!
Are you interested in trying them out too?
Use code BITINGMYHAND for $1 off 1 month, $9 off 6 months, or $20 off a 1-year subscription!
Z was super excited about the Better Batter... until I explained that it was a box of flour to MAKE cookies, not a box full of cookies! I let her have one of the Enjoy Life cookies instead, and she loved it. I saved the other one to put into one of her school snacks as a fun treat.
Well... I'm not ashamed to admit that other than the cookies, these sat around in my kitchen for a while. I couldn't figure out what to do with the MILA seeds, since I wasn't making smoothies any time soon. And the Better Batter and steel cut oats were ingredients, which I'm not so good with. Baking ingredients, at that. Even worse!
I finally thought to try the MILA seeds on my salad, which was a rousing success. They didn't make my salad feel all seedy, and added vitamins and fiber. Win!
I figured something oatmeal-y would be easier to do than something baker-y, so I started looking for ways to use up the steel cut oats. Crock-pot oatmeal was an obvious choice, but I was still a bit gun-shy from Hubby's attempt a while back. He went to a lot of trouble to find all the fancy ingredients, and seemed to need a lot of prep... and then the results were just "meh."
I found a recipe online for steel cut oatmeal cookies, but I couldn't see that they did anything special to make the oats not so hard and crunchy. So I decided to try the Breakfast Cookie recipe from the MOMables blog.
You'll want to go to the MOMables site for the full recipe, but here is the list of ingredients to get you started, along with notes about my substitutions.
I'm not a fan of raisins in my oatmeal cookies (I prefer frosting on top!) so I scrounged around looking for something else to use. I was going to chop up some dried apples and white peaches from my June Naturebox, but darned if I couldn't find where I'd put them! So I ended up digging up some de-seeded Sunny Trails mix left over from an earlier box with an assortment of dried apples, cranberries, and tropical fruits. (Z would pick through and just eat the fruits and leave the seeds and nuts scattered around, so I pre-empted her and took out all the seeds and nuts and tossed them into my salads.) To get a full cup of dried fruit mix-ins, I added some Zingy Currants from the April box (I accidentally got two boxes that month, so still have some left!) and some dried cranberries and raisins I keep on hand for my salads.
Since steel cut oats need to be cooked about a bajillion times longer than regular oats, I set them to soaking while I got everything else ready. At first I added enough water to dampen them all, but then that seemed like too much, so I drained out the excess. After absolutely everything else had been done, I put them in the microwave, covered, and cooked them on High for 3 minutes. Then I added them to the mixture, scooped and smooshed the dough into cookie blobs, and baked!
I had to cook them an extra five minutes over what the recipe had said, since they didn't seem firm enough to be scooping off and setting on a cooling rack. Probably due to the extra water in the oats.
They tasted great, but the oats didn't get to soak long enough. The cookies themselves were moist and chewy, and easy to eat one-handed. But I kept finding hard oat nodules in there, making them extra crunchy. Next time I'll either soak the oats for a few hours first (instead of just however long it took me to get all the other ingredients ready,) or boil them per the package directions until almost done.
I liked them just fine, and couldn't stop picking at them while they were cooling. Z, however, did not like them. I'm not sure if it was the crunchy texture, or that fact that they were billed as "cookies" but didn't taste like what she was expecting. She's never had an oatmeal cookie before, so she might have been thinking chocolate chip or Oreo. But she loves cinnamon, so I might try these again, and maybe add in some chocolate chips to entice her.
I didn't really use a measuring cup to dole out the dough. Or a wet spatula to shape it. I kind of eyeballed it with my mixing spoon and used it to mash and mold them on the baking sheet. Turned out just fine!
Instead of greasing the pan, I used parchment paper. Worked great!
After putting in the first tray of cookies, I decided that it had been too much work, so I figured I'd try baking them in muffin cups! I used a heart-shaped silicone pan and some mini muffin cups, to make school-snack-sized treats. I wasn't sure how high I should fill them, so I went kind of shallow, since they were spreading on the cookie tray and I didn't want them to puff up too much.
I ended up having to cook them quite a bit longer, and kept tamping the puffiness back down while trying to see if they were cooked enough yet. I eventually got tired of it and turned the oven off and wandered away. I kind of forgot about them, so they got a wee bit overdone. Oops. Held together okay, although one crumbled to bits coming out of the muffin pan (I had tried to take them out earlier, and that was the one that decided me they needed to go back in for a bit, so it was kind of doomed anyway.) Another one had a big hunk fall off, but otherwise they all transferred out okay.
*Disclaimer: I received the September Savorfull box for free to try out. I liked it enough I subscribed!


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Category: Yellow-rumped Warbler
By November, as insects become more difficult to come by, migrating Yellow-rumped Warblers are seldom found far from a supply of berries. This one was in the vicinity of the white fruits of Poison Ivy vines.
The handsome Yellow-rumped Warbler is one of the earliest and most numerous of the warblers to migrate through the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed each spring. Look for them now in woodlots and forests throughout the area.
A Visit to Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge
It's surprising how many millions of people travel the busy coastal routes of Delaware each year to leave the traffic congestion and hectic life of the northeast corridor behind to visit congested hectic shore towns like Rehobeth Beach, Bethany Beach, and Ocean City, Maryland. They call it a vacation, or a holiday, or a weekend, and it's exhausting. What's amazing is how many of them drive right by a breathtaking national treasure located along Delaware Bay just east of the city of Dover—and never know it. A short detour on your route will take you there. It's Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge, a quiet but spectacular place that draws few crowds of tourists, but lots of birds and other wildlife.
Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge is located just off Route 9, a lightly-traveled coastal road east of Dover, Delaware. Note the Big Bluestem and other warm season grasses in the background. Bombay Hook, like other refuges in the system, is managed for the benefit of the wildlife that relies upon it to survive. Within recent years, most of the mowed grass and tilled ground that once occurred here has been replaced by prairie grasses or successional growth, much to the delight of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and other species.
Let's join Uncle Tyler Dyer and have a look around Bombay Hook. He's got his duck stamp and he's ready to go.
Uncle Ty's current United States Fish and Wildlife Service Duck Stamp displayed on his dashboard is free admission to the tour road at Bombay Hook and other National Wildlife Refuges.
The refuge at Bombay Hook includes woodlands, grasslands, and man-made freshwater impoundments, but it is largely comprised of thousands of acres of tidal salt marsh bordering and purifying the waters of Delaware Bay. These marshes are renowned wintering areas for an Atlantic population of Snow Goose known as the "Greater Snow Goose" (Anser caerulescens atlanticus). Thousands of these birds rising over the marsh into the glowing light of a setting sun is an unforgettable sight.
Trails at various stops along the auto tour route lead to observation towers and other features. This boardwalk meanders into the salt marsh grasses and includes a viewing area alongside a tidal creek. Our visit coincided with a very high tide induced by east winds and a new moon.
During high tide, an Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) seeks higher ground near the boardwalk and the wooded edge of the salt marsh.
As the tide rises, fast-flying shorebirds scramble from flooded mudflats in the salt marsh on the east side of the tour road.
When high tide arrives in the salt marshes, shorebirds and waterfowl often concentrate in the man-made freshwater pools on the west side of the tour road. Glaring afternoon sun is not the best for viewing birds located west of the road. For ideal light conditions, time your visit for a day when high tide occurs in the morning and recedes to low tide in the afternoon.
A view looking west into Shearness Pool, largest of the freshwater impoundments at Bombay Hook.
Bombay Hook has many secretive birds hiding in its wetlands, but they can often be located by the patient observer. Here, two Pied-billed Grebes feed in an opening among the vegetation in a freshwater pool.
One of Bombay Hook's resident Bald Eagles patrols the wetlands.
American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana) gather by the hundreds at Bombay Hook during the fall. A passing eagle will stir them into flight.
An American Avocet, a delicate wader with a peculiar upturned bill.
As soon as the tide begins receding, shorebirds and waterfowl like these Green-winged Teal begin dispersing into the salt marshes to feed on the exposed mudflats.
The woodlands and forested areas of the refuge host resident songbirds and can be attractive to migrating species like this Yellow-rumped Warbler.
For much of its course, the tour road at Bombay Hook is located atop the dike that creates the man-made freshwater pools on the western edge of the tidal salt marsh. If you drive slowly and make frequent stops to look and listen, you'll notice an abundance of birds and other wildlife living along this border between two habitats. Here, a Swamp Sparrow has a look around.
Savannah Sparrows are common along the tour road where native grasses grow wild.
Bombay Hook is renowned for its rarities. One of the attractions during the late summer and autumn of 2021 was a group of Roseate Spoonbills (Platalea ajaja), vagrants from the southern states, seen here with Great Egrets and Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula).
Roseate Spoonbills and Great Egrets at Bombay Hook.
Remember to go the Post Office and get your duck stamp. You'll be supporting habitat acquisition and improvements for the wildlife we cherish. And if you get the chance, visit a National Wildlife Refuge. November can be a great time to go, it's bug-free! Just take along your warmest clothing and plan to spend the day. You won't regret it.
Slow Down When There's Snow on the Ground
It's just common sense to take it easy and drive carefully when snow covers streets and highways. Everyone knows that. But did you know that slowing down when the landscape is blanketed in white can save lives even after the roadways have been cleared?
Following significant snowfalls such as the one earlier this week, birds and other wildlife are attracted to bare ground along the edges of plowed pavement. They are often so preoccupied with the search for food that they ignore approaching cars and trucks until it is too late.
Take a look at the species found today along a one mile stretch of plowed rural roadway in the lower Susquehanna valley.
Following snow storms, birds that normally feed among leaf litter on the forest floor or in thickets and fields are attracted to plowed roads. During their urgent search for food, many are struck and killed by motor vehicles.
White-throated Sparrows commonly congregate along roads passing through woodlands and thickets.
A juvenile White-crowned Sparrow looks for food among leaves along the edge of snow-free pavement.
Adult White-crowned Sparrows take cover in roadside shrubs until traffic passes. Within moments they'll return to a patch of bare ground along the road's narrow shoulder.
Dark-eyed Juncos are commonly encountered along roads through snow-covered weedy fields and suburbia.
Song Sparrows gather along roads traversing brushy areas.
Juvenile White-crowned Sparrows and, to the upper right, an American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) take refuge in a small roadside sapling after fleeing a passing automobile.
This Yellow-rumped Warbler was attracted to berry-laden shrubs and vines in a road cut with a southern exposure and patches of bare ground.
Following a snowfall, Eastern Bluebirds are regularly seen feeding along the edges of rural roads.
Horned Larks gather along the snow-free margins of roads through tundra-like farmland.
For many species of wildlife in the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed, the fragmented and impaired state of habitat already challenges their chances of surviving the winter. Snow cover can isolate them from their limited food supplies and force them to roadsides and other dangerous locations to forage. Mauling them with motor vehicles just adds to the escalating tragedy, so do wildlife and yourself a favor—please slow down.
Even in areas with ideal habitat, snow cover will cause birds and other wildlife to explore bare ground along highways while seeking food.
Ring-necked Pheasants frequently become traffic casualties. These birds feeding at roadside due to the snow cover are in increased peril.
Posted on October 31, 2020 August 17, 2022
October Transition
Thoughts of October in the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed bring to mind scenes of brilliant fall foliage adorning wooded hillsides and stream courses, frosty mornings bringing an end to the growing season, and geese and other birds flying south for the winter.
The autumn migration of birds spans a period equaling nearly half the calendar year. Shorebirds and Neotropical perching birds begin moving through as early as late July, just as daylight hours begin decreasing during the weeks following their peak at summer solstice in late June. During the darkest days of the year, those surrounding winter solstice in late December, the last of the southbound migrants, including some hawks, eagles, waterfowl, and gulls, may still be on the move.
The Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus), a rodent-eating raptor of tundra, grassland, and marsh, is rare as a migrant and winter resident in the lower Susquehanna valley. It may arrive as late as January, if at all.
During October, there is a distinct change in the list of species an observer might find migrating through the lower Susquehanna valley. Reduced hours of daylight and plunges in temperatures—particularly frost and freeze events—impact the food sources available to birds. It is during October that we say goodbye to the Neotropical migrants and hello to those more hardy species that spend their winters in temperate climates like ours.
During several of the first days of October, two hundred Chimney Swifts remained in this roost until temperatures warmed from the low forties at daybreak to the upper fifties at mid-morning; then, at last, the flock ventured out in search of flying insects. When a population of birds loses its food supply or is unable to access it, that population must relocate or perish. Like other insectivorous birds, these swifts must move to warmer climes to be assured a sustained supply of the flying bugs they need to survive. Due to their specialized food source, they can be considered "specialist" feeders in comparison to species with more varied diets, the "generalists". After returning to this chimney every evening for nearly two months, the swifts departed this roost on October 5 and did not return.
A Northern Parula lingers as an October migrant along the Susquehanna. This and other specialist feeders that survive almost entirely on insects found in the forest canopy are largely south of the Susquehanna watershed by the second week of October.
The Blackpoll Warbler is among the last of the insectivorous Neotropical warblers to pass through the riparian forests of the lower Susquehanna valley each fall. Through at least mid-October, it is regularly seen searching for crawling insects and larvae among the foliage and bark of Northern Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) trees near Conewago Falls. Most other warblers, particularly those that feed largely upon flying insects, are, by then, already gone.
The Blue-headed Vireo, another insectivore, is the last of the vireo species to pass through the valley. They linger only as long as there are leaves on the trees in which they feed.
Brown Creepers begin arriving in early October. They are specialist feeders, well-adapted to finding insect larvae and other invertebrates among the ridges and peeling bark of trees like this hackberry, even through the winter months.
Ruby-crowned Kinglets can be abundant migrants in October. They will often behave like cute little flycatchers, but quickly transition to picking insects and other invertebrates from foliage and bark as the weather turns frosty. Some may spend the winter here, particularly in the vicinity of stands of pines, which provide cover and some thermal protection during storms and bitter cold.
Beginning in early October, Golden-crowned Kinglets can be seen searching the forest wood for tiny invertebrates. They are the most commonly encountered kinglet in winter.
The Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, a woodpecker, is an October migrant that specializes in attracting small insects to tiny seeps of sap it creates by punching horizontal rows of shallow holes through the tree bark. Some remain for winter.
The Yellow-rumped Warbler arrives in force during October. It is the most likely of the warblers to be found here in winter. Yellow-rumped Warblers are generalists, feeding upon insects during the warmer months, but able to survive on berries and other foods in late fall and winter. Wild foods like these Poison Ivy berries are crucial for the survival of this and many other generalists.
American Robins are most familiar as hunters of earthworms on the suburban lawn, but they are generalist feeders that rely upon fruits like these Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) berries during their southbound migration in late October and early November each year. Robins remain for the winter in areas of the lower Susquehanna valley with ample berries for food and groves of mature pines for roosting.
Like other brown woodland thrushes, the Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) is commonly seen scratching through organic matter on the moist forest floor in search of invertebrates. Unlike the other species, it is a cold-hardy generalist feeder, often seen eating berries during the southbound October migration. Small numbers of Hermit Thrushes spend the winter in the lower Susquehanna valley, particularly in habitats with a mix of wild foods.
Due to their feeding behavior, Cedar Waxwings can easily be mistaken for flycatchers during the nesting season, but by October they've transitioned to voracious consumers of small wild fruits. During the remainder of the year, flocks of waxwings wander widely in search of foods like this Fox Grape (Vitis labrusca). An abundance of cedar, holly, Poison Ivy, hackberry, bittersweet , hawthorn, wild grape, and other berries is essential to their survival during the colder months.
Red-breasted Nuthatches have moved south in large numbers during the fall of 2020. They were particularly common in the lower Susquehanna region during mid-October. Red-breasted Nuthatches can feed on invertebrates during warm weather, but get forced south from Canada in droves when the cone crops on coniferous trees fail to provide an adequate supply of seeds for the colder fall and winter seasons. In the absence of wild foods, these generalists will visit feeding stations stocked with suet and other provisions.
Purple Finches (Haemorhous purpureus) were unusually common as October migrants in 2020. They are often considered seed eaters during cold weather, but will readily consume small fruits like these berries on an invasive Mile-a-minute Weed (Persicaria perfoliata) vine. Purple Finches are quite fond of sunflower seeds at feeding stations, but often shy away if aggressive House Sparrows or House Finches are present.
The need for food and cover is critical for the survival of wildlife during the colder months. If you are a property steward, think about providing places for wildlife in the landscape. Mow less. Plant trees, particularly evergreens. Thickets are good—plant or protect fruit-bearing vines and shrubs, and allow herbaceous native plants to flower and produce seed. And if you're putting out provisions for songbirds, keep the feeders clean. Remember, even small yards and gardens can provide a life-saving oasis for migrating and wintering birds. With a larger parcel of land, you can do even more.
GOT BERRIES? Common Winterbery (Ilex verticillata) is a native deciduous holly that looks its best in the winter, especially with snow on the ground. It's slow-growing, and never needs pruning. Birds including bluebirds love the berries and you can plant it in wet ground, even along a stream, in a stormwater basin, or in a rain garden where your downspouts discharge. Because it's a holly, you'll need to plant a male and a female to get the berries. Full sun produces the best crop. Fall is a great time to plant, and many garden centers that sell holiday greenery still have winterberry shrubs for sale in November and December. Put a clump of these beauties in your landscape. Gorgeous!
The Colorful Birds Are Here
You need to get outside and go for a walk. You'll be sorry if you don't. It's prime time to see wildlife in all its glory. The songs and colors of spring are upon us!
Flooding that resulted from mid-week rains is subsiding. The muddy torrents of Conewago Falls are seen here racing by the powerhouse at the York Haven Dam.
Receding waters will soon leave the parking area at Falmouth and other access points along the river high and dry.
Migrating Yellow-rumped Warblers are currently very common in the riparian woodlands near Conewago Falls. They and all the Neotropical warblers, thrushes, vireos, flycatchers are moving through the Susquehanna watershed right now.
A Baltimore Oriole feeds in a riverside maple tree.
Ruby-crowned Kinglets are migrating through the Susquehanna valley. These tiny birds may be encountered among the foliage of trees and shrubs as they feed upon insects .
Gray Catbirds are arriving. Many will stay to nest in shrubby thickets and in suburban gardens.
American Robins and other birds take advantage of rising flood waters to feed upon earthworms and other invertebrates that are forced to the soil's surface along the inundated river shoreline.
Spotted Sandpipers are a familiar sight as they feed along water's edge.
The Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) is a Neotropical migrant that nests locally in wet shrubby thickets. Let your streamside vegetation grow and in a few years you just might have these "wild canaries" singing their chorus of "sweet-sweet-sweet-I'm-so-sweet" on your property.
If you're not up to a walk and you just want to go for a slow drive, why not take a trip to Middle Creek Wildlife Management Area and visit the managed grasslands on the north side of the refuge. To those of us over fifty, it's a reminder of how Susquehanna valley farmlands were before the advent of high-intensity agriculture. Take a look at the birds found there right now.
Red-winged Blackbirds commonly nest in cattail marshes, but are very fond of untreated hayfields, lightly-grazed pastures, and fallow ground too. These habitats are becoming increasingly rare in the lower Susquehanna region. Farmers have little choice, they either engage in intensive agriculture or go broke.
Nest boxes are provided for Tree Swallows at the refuge.
Numbers of American Kestrels have tumbled with the loss of grassy agricultural habitats that provide large insects and small rodents for them to feed upon.
White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) are a migrant and winter resident species that favors small clumps of shrubby cover in pastures and fallow land.
When was the last time you saw an Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) singing "spring-of-the-year" in a pasture near your home?
And yes, the grasslands at Middle Creek do support nesting Ring-necked Pheasants (Phasianus colcichus). If you stop for a while and listen, you'll hear the calls of "kowk-kuk" and a whir of wings. Go check it out.
And remember, if you happen to own land and aren't growing crops on it, put it to good use. Mow less, live more. Mow less, more lives.
Posted on November 12, 2017 July 1, 2018
Anthropoavians
Temperatures plummeted to well below freezing during the past two nights, but there was little sign of it in Conewago Falls this morning. The fast current in the rapids and swirling waters in flooded Pothole Rocks did not freeze. Ice coated the standing water in potholes only in those rocks lacking a favorable orientation to the sun for collecting solar heat during the day to conduct into the water during the cold nights.
On the shoreline, the cold snap has left its mark. Ice covers the still waters of the wetlands. Frost on exposed vegetation lasted until nearly noontime in shady areas. Insect activity is now grounded and out of sight. The leaves of the trees tumble and fall to cover the evidence of a lively summer.
The nocturnal bird flight is narrowing down to just a few species. White-throated Sparrows, a Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana), and Song Sparrows are still on the move. Though their numbers are not included in the migration count, hundreds of the latter are along the shoreline and in edge habitat around the falls right now. Song Sparrows are present year-round, migrate at night, and are not seen far from cover in daylight, so migratory movements are difficult to detect. It is certain that many, if not all of the Song Sparrows here today have migrated and arrived here recently. The breeding population from spring and summer has probably moved further south. And many of the birds here now may remain for the winter. Defining the moment of this dynamic, yet discrete, population change and logging it in a count would certainly require different methods.
Song Sparrows are now abundant in the brushy edges of fields and woodlands. They may even break into song on sunny days.
Diurnal migration was foiled today by winds from southerly directions and moderating temperatures. The only highlight was an American Robin flight that extended into the morning for a couple of hours after daybreak and totaled over 800 birds. This flight was peppered with an occasional flock of blackbirds. Then too, there were the villains.
CLICK ON THE LOGO FOR TODAY'S MIGRATION COUNT TOTALS
They're dastardly, devious, selfish, opportunistic, and abundant. Today, they were the most numerous diurnal migrant. Their numbers made this one of the biggest migration days of the season, but they are not recorded on the count sheet. It's no landmark day. They excite no one. For the most part, they are not recognized as migrants because of their nearly complete occupation of North America south of the taiga. If people build on it or alter it, these birds will be there. They're everywhere people are. If the rotten attributes of man were wrapped up into one bird, an "anthropoavian", this would be it.
Meet the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Introduced into North America in 1890, the species has spread across the entire continent. It nests in cavities in buildings and in trees. Starlings are aggressive, particularly when nesting, and have had detrimental impacts on the populations of native cavity nesting birds, particularly Red-headed Woodpeckers, Purple Martins (Progne subis), and Eastern Bluebirds. They commonly terrorize these and other native species to evict them from their nest sites. European Starlings are one of the earlier of the scores of introduced plants and animals we have come to call invasive species.
Noisy flocks of European Starlings are right at home on man-made structures in city and country.
Today, thousands of European Starlings were on the move, working their way down the river shoreline and raiding berries from the vines and trees of the Riparian Woodlands. My estimate is between three and five thousand migrated through during the morning. But don't worry, thousands more will be around for the winter.
European Starlings mob a Sharp-shinned Hawk from above, a common behavior.
An Eastern Bluebird feeds on the few berries left untouched by passing European Starlings.
Posted on November 4, 2017 September 4, 2019
Feathered Fallout
The NOAA National Weather Service radar images from last evening provided an indication that there may be a good fallout of birds at daybreak in the lower Susquehanna valley. The moon was bright, nearly full, and there was a gentle breeze from the north to move the nocturnal migrants along. The conditions were ideal.
Rising from daytime roosts in New York and Pennsylvania, then streaming south in moonlit skies, migrating birds are recorded as echoes on this post-sunset composite NEXRAD loop from last evening. (NOAA/National Weather Service image)
The Riparian Woodlands at Conewago Falls were alive with migrants this morning. American Robins and White-throated Sparrows were joined by new arrivals for the season: Brown Creeper (Certhia americana), Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula), Golden-crowned Kinglets (Regulus satrapa), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), and Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata). These are the perching birds one would expect to have comprised the overnight flight. While the individuals that will remain may not yet be among them, these are the species we will see wintering in the Mid-Atlantic states. No trip to the tropics for these hardy passerines.
American Robins continued migratory flight into the first hour of daylight this morning. Their calls are commonly heard at night as migrating individuals pass overhead.
White-throated Sparrows are nocturnal migrants, and are a familiar find on woodland edges and at suburban feeding stations through the winter.
Dark-eyed Juncos, also nocturnal migrants, are common winter residents in the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed, frequently visiting bird feeders.
Heavy rain earlier this week in the Susquehanna River drainage basin has flooded most of the Pothole Rocks; the rapids of Conewago Falls have returned.


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Q: Handle c++ structures in c# I have a question about handling structs from c++ in c#.
I have a c++ struct, from a third party like:
typedef struct
{
//For application usage, will not access by the core
void* file;         //Application
void* lock;         //Application
void* appParam1;    //Application, maybe filename
unsigned int appParam2;     //Application, maybe length
void* appParam3;    //Application, maybe folder

//Will be used by the core and the hosting application
unsigned char streamMode;       //Read, Write or Append
unsigned int fileOffset;        //Actual file offset
unsigned char buf[DC_STREAM_BUF_SIZE];      //Buffer for reading and writing data
unsigned short bufSize;     //Buffer size, how much is filled from the buffer
unsigned short  bufOffset;      //Offset in reading and writing in the buffer
unsigned char queryData;        //Indicator if actual data are queried

//For internal use only, do not touch
unsigned char requestType;
signed int deviceId;
signed int param1;
unsigned short crc;
void* callback;
unsigned char objType;
void* obj;

} STREAM_HANDLE;

In C# this struct is defined as:
[StructLayoutAttribute(LayoutKind.Sequential), Serializable]
public class STREAM_HANDLE
{

    public IntPtr file;
    public object lockobj;
    public IntPtr appParam1;

    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.U4)] public uint appParam2;
    public IntPtr appParam3;

    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.U1)]public byte streamMode;

    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.U4)]public uint fileOffset;

    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 0x0FFF)]public byte[] buf;

    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.U2)]public ushort bufSize;
    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.U2)]public ushort bufOffset;
    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.U1)]public byte queryData;

    //For internal use only, do not touch
    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.U1)]public byte requestType;
    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.I4)]public int deviceId;
    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.I4)]public int param1;
    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.U2)]public ushort crc;

    public IntPtr callback;
    [MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.U1)]public byte objType;
    public IntPtr obj;
}

I also have in c# an IntPtr to this struct so that i can call c++ functions with this pointer. This works very well.
Now the problem is that I want to fill the array "buf" from c# so that the c++ function can read it out.
This does not work.
Here is some more code which I used to create the Handle in C#
STREAM_HANDLE Handle = new STREAM_HANDLE
    {
        file = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(name),
        appParam1 = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(name),
        buf = new byte[0x0FFF],
        lockobj = new object(),
    };

 IntPtr HandlePointer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(Handle));
 Marshal.StructureToPtr(Handle, HandlePointer, true);

I have to call some c++ functions with the HandlePointer and i have to modify the content of the "buf" in c#.

A: The MarshalAs Attribute will only ensure that the buf field will be marshaled to an inline array when allocated with Marshal.AllocHGlobal. The C# presentation of that struct has a regular .Net array reference as field. You have allocate and initialize it as usual.
You have to switch back and forth between C# representation and unmanaged handle if you want to use it the way you want.
Another way is to declare it as a fixed array. This is only possible in unsafe context:
unsafe struct InplaceArrayUnsafe
{
    public fixed byte Buf[10];
}

unsafe
{
    InplaceArrayUnsafe a;
    Console.WriteLine(a.Buf[4]);
    Debug.Assert(sizeof(a)); // can even do this
    UnmanagedFunction(&a); // and this
}

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This is an extract of our Unfair Dismissal And Remedies document, which we sell as part of our Employment Law Notes collection written by the top tier of City Law School students.
? Expiry of fixed term contract o Possible to extend?
? Present claim within such further period as the Tribunal considers reasonable in order for an extension Dismissal?Express, with or without notice Expiry of fixed term contract Constructive dismissal, e.g.: o Reduction in pay - Industrial Rubber Products v Gillon o Complete change in nature of job - Ford v Milhorn Toleman Ltd.