You are here because your good fortune and karmas are awakened. NOW your life is going to change in all manner. From NOW onwards, your life will be changed from negative to positive and Now, you can change the whole world as well. Yes, it is possible with the help of a wonderful tool which is invented by me. I am happy to introduce you with this Divine tool called VIBBES KADA (VK) which has proved a blessing to humanity.
After working in the field of the holistic energy system, teachings, and having several experiences of use of safe and unsafe ways of energies, I felt the need of the safest tool which could help me not only in manifestation but also should be the safest way of energy practice. Then, I was blessed with 16 special powers, i.e. cosmic energies, by Divine. In May 2009, after long, deep and intensive research and after several real-life experiments, I invented VIBBES KADA (VK), which can be worn and used by even a 2 years old child. Worldwide people are accepting VK as the easiest and safest mode of healing as it doesn't include any risk of a backfire of any negative energy.
The respected Sikh community wears a steel kada (steel bangle). The same steel kada is attuned by me with 11 Divine Cosmic Energies out of 16 energies present in the universe and then it becomes "VIBBES KADA (VK)". It takes me several hours to attune one VK. These energies, present in the VK, are powerful enough to create a protective shield around the user and his family.
Since the time VK has launched, I am working on VK, attuning it and giving it to others to help humanity as much as possible and it has changed the lives of numerous people. VK has blessed countless people with infinite happiness and success in their lives. And the process of spreading happiness is still going on with the help and blessings of Divine itself. Day by day, VK itself is choosing its user and reaching to more needful and blessed souls. Once VK reaches you, it will open the doors of Infinite Possibilities for you to live a better and prosperous life.
Cosmic Energy is the highest form of energy. There are 16 Cosmic Energies exist everywhere in the Universe. To know more about Cosmic Energies, please click here. When the Divine Universe blessed me with 16 Cosmic energies, then I thought of sharing it with the whole of mankind. These Divine Cosmic energies can help mankind, animals, plants, and all living & non-living things, at all levels including physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, relationship, financial and all other levels in all walks of life.
VK is attuned with a SPECIAL LOCK wherein no negative request can ever be materialized with this Divine tool VK. (If you want to manifest negative wishes, please do not read further).
We can make infinite requests, 24×7, to our Divine VK as its energies are infinite and never get ended. The existence of cosmic energies in the Universe was still there even when the Earth was not formed. VK is attuned with these energies, so it is forever & it doesn't need any further attunement or charging. VK holds 11 Cosmic Energies which exist forever in VK & our coming generations can even use it.
achieve the level of inner satisfaction & serene which everyone wants in life and much more with this Divine tool VK.
Therefore, any person of any age, male or female, of any language or religion, can wear and use VK. VK is a Divine tool, so people of all religion can use it. Even falling, taking off from hand, throwing, dropping cannot harm VK or its energies. Neither its energies will be depleted, finished or destroyed nor it will get de-attuned. No one on this earth can harm VK or destroy or de-attune it, so, we can say that VK is "Damage free". VK can only release its energies if it is put to completely burn in the fire or broken into pieces.
Not only that person who possesses VK, but all his family members and friends can wear and use the same VK. VK works on the request of anyone who makes a contact with this Divine tool. Hold your VIBBES KADA in your right hand. Now visualize the person or situation or your affirmation chit or anything you want to send energies to, on your left palm. Now focus on your VK and make slow rotations with VIBBES KADA on the left palm for next 5 min even watching T.V. or doing anything else. For other methods click here.
After getting VK, we just have to wear it without performing any ritual.
We don't even need to wash our hands or feet or take bathe before wearing or using VK.
We can eat anything (non-veg or alcohol) or can do our routine work while wearing or using it.
We can use VK anytime, anyplace & while doing any activity.
We can wear it with any other jewelry or accessory on our body.
But yes, VK has some side effects like happiness, joy, relief, mental peace, ease, comfort, bliss, good fortune, etc. 🙂 It can be worn in any hand or both hands too. The smallest VK is around 3.3 cm in diameter which can be worn in a neck chain too close to the heart chakra.
After inventing VK, I then created "Cosmic Serums". Every Serum, itself is a complete set of energies, attuned in the Universe, by me, which works for a specific problem. Although Serums are not medicines or anything in a physical form, still every Serum is a solution of a particular section of problems for which the respective Serum has been created, viz "PAIN CARE SERUM" for all types of body pains or "Total Wealth Serum" for complete prosperity and abundance. There is no extra energy exchange (price) for Serums but Serums can be used only with VK.
With VK, we can use the GOLDEN SUNRISE with more power. Click here to read more about GOLDEN SUNRISE.
With VK, we can create powerful SHIELD OF 7 RAYS (SO7R) as it provides us safety to a level beyond our expectations. Click here and read more about SO7R for complete protection. The energy of SO7R can be used only through VK.
Vital Organ Balancing – A powerful technique for better health can also be possible through VK.
Never miss reading Energy Circle Working with and without VK.
It can work on the cell level.
Holding VIBBES KADA just for 10 seconds, your Aura can boost up to 500% and increase your Chakras up to 300%.
Helps in everything like Slow Business, in Illness, Stagnant Career, Removal of Evil Eye, helps in Bitter Relationship, helps in Geobiological, Work Stress and many more.
You are continuously bombarded with positive and negative vibes from many sources. The most powerful source of the continuous vibes is the Cosmos itself which includes the Sun, the Moon, stars and other planets, the Vaastu vibes of your place where you live or workplace, the people around you, the electrical and electronic products and so on.
The VIBBES KADA can transform negative vibes into positive vibes for you. It can influence your energy field positively and continue as long as it is with you. You can become the master of your life.
VK can trigger your inner energy to attract more prosperity, health, and luck into your life.
VIBBES KADA is the Master Key that can unlock the floodgates of this universal force to attract more power, health, and luck into your life.
The strong positive energy field of VIBBES KADA can make its user's Aura super energized and align all the Chakras, thus balancing the Aura.
Say bye – bye to stress.
It can trigger a body's own natural powers for optimum health.
It can deeply penetrate into the skin, muscles and underlying tissues.
It helps to improve the autonomic functions of the nervous system, the elasticity of arterial walls, blood circulation, delivery of oxygen and nutrients in the blood cell.
It can reduce and ease the pain, muscle spasms, joint stiffness, sinus congestion, migraine pressures, chances of blood clots etc.
It is a drug-free, non-addictive healing treatment and has no side effects. It is the easiest way of healing.
It can increase your prosperity magnetism, propel your career to new heights.
It can solve all your business problems.
It can protect you from an evil eye.
It can harmonize your relationships.
You can get the benefits of meditation even without meditating.
It can save you from Geo-biological stress.
It can trigger your inner energy to get what you want.
Reiki and other alternative therapies can become 10 times more effective and give instant results with the use of VK.
It can save you from depletion, tiredness and negative energies of your patients.
It can save your time, energy and money.
You can increase Divine blessings and Divine vitality into your food and water with VK.
It can also work on all non-living things.
It can increase the mileage of any vehicle and improve the efficiency of the gas cylinder as well.
It can also work the same on plants and animals. You can heal them as well with VK.
It can promote regeneration and fast recovery.
It can help to remove accumulated toxic energies.
It can dissolve the imbalance collection of blocked energies.
It has the ability to make you cheerful, playful and happy.
It can help you to enjoy like a child.
It can create your fundamental trust to be happy in life always.
It can create your ability to love other people and things in a cheerful, trusting and interesting way.
It has been observed that using VIBBES KADA not only supports the development of the individual who wears it, but there are subsequently effects on other people as well who are frequently in touch with a VK user.
It can internally work on your growth and opportunities.
The VIBBES KADA can help to harmonize your life.
How To Use VIBBES KADA?
You can have optimum benefits of cosmic energies with VIBBES KADA if you charge your edible items and water within just 15 to 20 seconds. There are a wide variety of energy combinations in the form of Serums to gain health, wealth and other benefits.
You can not only charge food items but can also charge cosmetics like oil, cream, lotion, aftershave, shampoo, toothpaste etc. for beauty care.
You can charge your clothes, bed-sheets, pillows, books and study material of your kids, or anything available in your home.
You must know that you can materialize desired affirmations and wishes very easily. For this, write your affirmation on a paper. Now hold your VIBBES KADA in between both hands and make a silent request to VK 3 times, viz – "O VIBBES KADA or VK! Please materialize this affirmation for me/us". Now leave your VK on your affirmation chit and it will send Cosmic Energies to the affirmation for next 30 minutes.
These are few examples of requests to Activate VK for you or for others. You can create your own Requests according to your needs.
In a case of an emergency, where you cannot remove your VIBBES KADA for healing purpose, you can also place one hand on the VIBBES KADA and request to VK in the same way of repeating your request 3 times slowly. Then VIBBES KADA will send Cosmic Energies to the emergency situation for the next 30 minutes. You can send Cosmic Energies to anything from any distance.
Here you will find the scientific proof that VK works greatly.
Here are some Frequently Ask Questions and their answers about VK you need to know.
How to Use VK with Simplicity and Ease?
VK can automatically send energy for 30 minutes to any request.
Why VK had invented and developed.
VK needs a fixed and clear intention as your intention will be forwarded to the DIVINE with the speed of a rocket.
Why we are using and making VK since 2009.
We always ask you not to have blind faith in VK.
Benefits of just wearing a VK.
The good part is that nothing negative will ever come on the surface while using VK.
If you planned to have a VK then check here- how to Measure Bangle Size for VK.
Do check VK users' experiences and review about VK.
You can call upon effects for Archangels, Animal Spirits, Switchwords, Mantras, Healing numbers, Bach flower remedies, etc., anytime with or without VK. When you request VK for these energies, VK mimics for you exactly the way it is and even at a faster speed because VK is attuned with Cosmic Energies. But I want to tell you one thing that you can get the benefits of VK, only when you have a real VK. If you randomly call VK WITHOUT having a real VK, you will not get the effects of VK. Using a picture of VK will also be a pointless effort. The picture of VK is not attuned with COSMIC energies by me so it will not serve the purpose.
Spending money is your hobby, so you want to buy VK.
You are addicted to spending money unnecessarily, so you are buying VK.
You want to change your life seriously.
You want to change the lives of your dear ones.
You want to be an independent healer.
You want to improve health.
You want to attract prosperity.
You want to make a difference in your children's lives.
You want to strengthen your relationships.
You want to have a strong mental power to change your situation to better.
You want to protect from negative influences.
You have the zeal to manifest your dreams.
You have that patience to work on your desires until you get the results.
You want to bless others with joy.
You want to spread more love.
You want to immerse in spirituality.
And the list is continuing.
VIBBES KADA is a Work of Human Effort and not Mechanical. Therefore, No Wholesale Orders/Requests would be Entertained.
Applications of VIBBES KADA are unlimited. It is your imagination and creativity to make it unlimited and more useful.
You can also take a look at my2nd Superior Invention VIBBES SEEDER – VS.
Must ReadVIBES KADA Success Stories.
Please note there will be no refund of Money after placing an order of VK in any circumstance. So listen to your heart first and then place your order.
The above information is not intended to replace the advice of a physician.
golden sunrise.. I am willing to have VK but while going through the posts, one post i saw was sharat sir informing us about the fake person selling fake VK.. In this case how will we know if we r paying on genuine account, hiw to get the assurity that the money transfered to XYZ account for purchasing VK is genuine and not the fake one?? Plz help me with this i am eagerly waiting for this from last few days..
Our original email id is vkmagic59@gmail.com, do connect here for real VK.
A mail is sent to you please check.
connection to this state of being or is it just a case of sleepiness. Awaiting your kind guidance.
How much is a VK??
Can Vibbes kada help me to increase my financial resources or to increase my monthly income? Now i am doing private job with limited salary.
So I want to buy this Vibbes Kada to increase my financial income sources other than my private job i am doing.
VK do only positive things. You can use VK to manifest any positive wish.
Thank you for the reply sir. I got all details. Since I am curios to know about this Golden Sunrise also – please do help on how we need to do that.
I have seen this article before.. just now read it thoroughly and realized how magical it is !!
How come I have been blind to see this ??
Talk to me regarding ???
I want to know the price of vk. Is that possible to get it for middle class person?
Sir, How VK is performed ??
Is it possible to do meditation without meditating.
What's the price of VK ?
Also shipping charges to Ghatkopar Mumbai ?
Sir, do you have communities that help in improving the meditation process. I am a learner now and need a guru who can help me learn meditation and help me succeed in it.
Thanks for your kind words Ditee, plz check your mail inbox to know more about VK.
This Kainaz Mistry after reading your article of knowledge what you shared got relaxed as after long time I felt relaxed and a hope of better life. Without using I feel positive that what I am going through I will come out of it very soon. Please send this vk as I really need it. Thank you very much for your information shared as it will help those people who are looking for a shoulder like you.
Kainaz Mistry plz mail us at vkmagic59@gmail.com to know more about VK.
My name is Sapna I am a 36 year old mother. I have few questions.
1. Will this kada help me get rid of my chronic depression and anxiety which I have since 2014.
2. Will it help relieve my major acidity problem?
3. Will it help me in my almost nil carrier prosper?
4. Will it help improve my relationship with my husband, father?
5. What is this Kada made of.
6. Will it help me become financially strong?
The VK is made of steel. And all the other answers are in "YES".
Mail is already sent to you, plz check your mail inbox.
What is VK ? Is it a tool or a metallic bangle ?? Or a self created ?? Please explain me.
I have been reading your litairian and really fascinated by the outcome. I need more information about vibes Kara, is it a metal bangle or a picture and how do I get it. You prompt reply will be appreciate cause I need to manifest my long desires for good health, peace, unity, success and prosperity.
Thankyou for all the wonderful work you are doing.
Thanks for your kind words… plz check your mail inbox…a mail is already sent regarding VK.
I recently message in your Email ID and i also registered in VK Forum but as i was confirmed it turned out to be not now. I have send you an Email in the above mail address.
Are you a VK user??? DO you have VK???
When requesting a serum by touch you need to say it 3 times even you do it for someone else.
In forum, now go there and sign in and then ask your question.
Hi when sending energy for a serum with vk for myself by touch do i say it three times like when you do it for someone else?
Your request is approved in the forum. Now sign in. If you are using Laptop or desktop you can find an Ask A Question, go there and ask your question…if you are using mobile or tablet upper left corner you can find 3 lines, click here and ask your question.
I need your help. I had given a loan of amount to one of the persons. He was paying the interest untill September 2017. Suddenly he went ill and i am unable to trace him any more . Will he come back to our place to return our money -the Principal amount . Please let me know if there is any way to get back my money .
If I get my money soon, I shall be thankful to you and please let me know the offering that i may do for his help.
You can use above mantra with VK. There is no any contradict with VK.
Use Beauty Serum and All Clear Serum for acne scars.
How much does VK cost.
I am residing in South Africa,how do I get one.
What is the cost of VK?
como funciona el VK , solo lo digo en voz alta ?
No need to recite any mantra or switchword if you are a VK user.
How long will it take for the Vibbes Kada to reach England. I am ready to buy therefore I would like to ask.
Around 7 to 12 days after sending by us.
Chant switchword phrase "GOLDEN SUNRISE ELATE EYES" as much as possible for any eye related issue.
I had sent you a mail two weeks back. I have yet to get a reply from you. I am still looking forward to your reply.
Hope you will find time to reply. Thank you !
7th Aug 2017, we had reply you, plz check.
A mail is sent to you by my Team.
please send me the price of vibbeskada. Iwish to buy them.
Hi, I have been reading your posts with a lot of energy and interest. I would like to know if you have a switch word video or any other energy video to restore redued hearing? I have not been able to find any on your site.
though there is no particular video for reduced hearing but you can watch this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-ajODTt1mw and also read https://www.litairian.com/meditation-maha-mrityunjaya-mantra/. You can also chant DIVINE ORDER BE.
I came to your website accidentally. I am a Sadhak. I just wanted to inform you about Rajiv Malhotra. In case you don't know him, I will just state briefly that he is doing the most important work for Hinduism at the movement. Hopefully you can find time and check his facebook page.
Dear Sharat Sir, I've been reading about the VIBBES KADA on your website and I am hoping that it would be beneficial for my family and myself. My daughter has cerebral palsy and I am always looking for anything that might help her. Also it is my wife and mine sincere desire to be around for her as long as she needs us. Please contact me concerning the price in US dollars. Thank you.
Hello, I live in Portugal, Lisbon, and I just read all this information and I would like to have a VK. Could you let me know how can I get it and the price of it, please? And which money currency is it sold?
Our team will touch with you soon…..
I want to buy vibes kadd a. Please guide me how to use it and price please.
Namaste, I would like to buy a VK. Could you let me know it's price? Thankyou.
Sure, my team will mail you everything.
I m really new to this information.
If such kadda can resolve so many problems, then it should be used at large scale for social purpose…how it is not popular….
I like to learn to use the vibbes kada.
how can I learn it.
I want to get your vibbes kada, please show me the way how can i get it.I am here in NEPAL.
Also i want to join open eye meditation organised by you on 6th of August 2016.Guide me please.
After having read about VK, I have been very keen to order and get this.
Sir pls ley me know hw to purchase vk? Where to send money and when I wl receive the same?
Please send me details of the purchase of Vibbes Kada.
is there any way i can contact you regarding my situation to get the remedies.
Resp. Sir, Kindly confirm the detail & cost of Vibes Kada….
and how to make purchase also what if not happy with the outcome /results.
Would like to know how do u order this vk? Also i hv seen some comments being written as heart serum, mood up serum etc. Pls tell me is this something like some syrups to buy as i dint understand the same.
Our team will soon contact you.
How to order for vK and hou much will it cost.
Please send me information about Vibbes Kada. Thank you.
Hi. I would like to buy VK but I don't know how I kept sending a email but I don't know why he. Doesn't answer me .I just wanted to know how can I buy this VK thing . For myself .but anyways I think it we stop time to keep asking same question over and over ..
My correct name is Carmen! Please send me more about Vibbes Kada. It resonate with me! Thank you!
Thank you for the Vibbes Kada info. I wild like to know more about that! Namaste!
Namaste to you sir. Your Amolki SW works good for my hair fall. Your service is really great to mankind.
I heard abt VIBBES KADA .Is this meant to solve only physical diseases ?
there is no chat option I see on ur site that you mentioned on Facebook.
I would be very greatful, if send me an E- mail as to how I can go about it.
Also kindly let me know where you are located… Mumbai??
Just to let you know , I am not computer savvy, and can manage emails etc only, so may require a little more guidance.
I have been looking for cures for very High Myopic condition.The eye number of the two people concerned is – 18…. And -15 … Respectively.
Also looking for cures of other ailments for my in laws and friends.
Your prompt reply on my given email address would be greatly appreciated.
The magical Heart Serum: I was unable to sleep since some days and used to be wide awake throughout the night. Even during the day time, I couldn't get any sleep because the moment I used to lie down, I was experiencing severe palpitations. I was planning to go to a doctor to get some medicine for this sleeplessness. Then I remembered Sharat Sir and asked him as to how my situation can be cured. Sharat Sir suggested that I should start taking Heart Serum. And to my surprise and relief, I could sleep the same day when I started taking this magical serum! My heartiest thanks to Sharat Sir to have prepared such wonderful solutions for the benefit of humankind. Thanks a TON…….
One of my client served as a Police Officer for ten years. While serving he was involved in severe accident. Due to this incidents as well as all the other day-to-day trauma and violence he was diagnosed with severe PTSD. Family, friends and counselors helped him greatly with getting him back on track. His symptoms ranged from insomnia, night sweats, night terrors, anxiety, loud noises would put him on edge, and being constantly on guard. Over the time friends, family and doctors helped him and the symptoms lessened. However he never felt fully back to "Normal" and he wanted that last little bit of back inside him. I tried Mood Up Serum successfully on many cases so I decided to give him the same. After a week his insomnia, night sweats, night terrors and loud noise anxiety all disappeared but he thought it was a coincidence and wouldn't last. I then continue same serum for two more months. Two months later he has no symptoms of PTSD. First time in many years he can get good nights sleep.
Thanks you once again Sharat Sir for this wonderful healing instrument, which has all the benefits without any side effects.
Few days back I met one of my old friend who had been having a difficult time following the deaths of his parents, even many years later and had struggled with anxiety and depression as well for even longer. I suggested that I can help him. I charged water with "Mood Up Serum" for him and also gave this serum remotely. Within few days after start healing when I met him, he is warm, happy and feeling joyous. He claim even after the first day, he felt he released a lot of what was blocking him from being able to move on from the grief and pain. The following days only built upon his "letting go" and moving forward-even in other areas that he had problems with.
Thank You Sharat Sir !!!
May God Bless you a Lot !!!
My Guardian Angel VK and Sharat Sirji for the mass healings.
My Kudo who is a topper in class but so shy and introvert that I always taunted her for not participating in any competition. She used to say Teacher does not select her. I charge her water bottle daily with energies of enthusiasm and confidence. Now she is participating in Poem recitation_,elocution, painting even if she is second or third I am happy that she has developed confidence to go and participate. As mommy my advise to her is enjoy school days,_participate in all events .it is the joy when at this age that we feel when we remember our school days yes we don't miss it since we enjoyed it to the fullest that feeling needs to be with us. Thank you VK for the care and confidence .
A VK user achieved……. My aunt is around 75 yrs and for last one month she is not able to walk becuz of having pain in her knees. I was visiting her and asked her not to bother making tea etc. I saw her limping and groaning. So I asked her to sit and healed her with PCS directly. I could see her amazed when I asked her to walk again and she walked straight without any pain. It took only 10minutes. VK is Great.
Yesterday my fingers were itching as they are allergic to detergent.they were almost bleeding then i kept sri VK JI on my fingers n requested to heal them within 5mints the pain vanished n now they are 90%fine.thanx to vk n sir.thanku thanku thanku.life has become so magical n comfortable with this magic wand VK.infinite thanx again n again..
A help with me in my home had got hurt by banging the door on her hand .her finger got blue and was paining her tears out. Giving PAIN CARE SERUM to her relieved her from pain in 2 minutes by the clock . and blue finger turned normal the very next day. She simply kept looking at her finger and kept wondering what happened to her finger .she felt blessed.
Achievement of a VK user…..my friend has a frozen shoulder and he casually asked me if anything can be done .I charged water with the help of vibes kada with PAIN CARE SERUM and within 5 minutes he got amazed to see the results . HIs pain reduced drastically.


Michael Bay has become one of the most recognizable directors in action, and his calling card is a tendency toward the explosive. All of his big-scale action films include multiple huge, building-destroying explosions, to the extent that fans not only want Bay to go big, but expect him to. And with the fifth installment of Transformers in pre-production and his film about the seige of the American embassy in Libya, 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, coming out on January 15, it only makes sense that a few more of his trademark explosions are in store.
The 50-year-old director is behind some of the biggest, baddest explosions to ever hit the big screen. So, to honor the art that is the Michael Bay explosion, here are 11 Times Michael Bay Blew Stuff Up Real Good.
Starring Will Smith and Martin Lawrence, Bad Boys was Bay's first, large-scale action film, making $141 million worldwide. The film follows two detectives in the narcotics unit (Smith and Lawrence) of the Miami PD who are investigating a case of stolen heroin from a secure police vault. With their jobs on the line, the two find themselves in much more trouble than they bargained for.
When a film's reviews claim its storyline was overpowered by too many explosions, it's safe to say it's a Michael Bay film. The $19 million budget went a long way in the film, securing two up-and-coming actors and a plethora of firepower. The most noteworthy explosion occurs during an air hangar shoot-out, in which Marcus (Lawrence) delivers a fantastically cheesy one-liner before shooting some barrels of ether and sending his perp flying.
The action adventure film starring Nicholas Cage and Sean Connery follows a rogue group of military men who threaten an attack on San Francisco from Alcatraz prison. An FBI chemist and an ex-con are the only hope, as they must lead a counterattack against Alcatraz.
The film brought in a whopping $335 million worldwide ($134 million domestic) with a $75 million budget. And that budget was certainly put to good use. The best explosion of the film occurs at the end, with Stanley (Cage) on Alcatraz, frantically waving green flares in the air to ward off the jets sent to bomb the island. But the signal comes just a bit too late, as one of the jets already released the bomb, sending Stanley flying into the ocean.
With plenty of explosions to go around, Armageddon stars Bruce Willis, Ben Affleck and Billy Bob Thornton in a story that follows a group of misfits tasked with saving the world from an incoming asteroid set to impact the Earth in just a month. The production budget was an astronomical $140 million, though it paid off, as the film brought in $553 million worldwide.
While there are plenty of explosion scenes to choose from, two in particular stand out. The first of which is when meteors hit Europe, wiping out Paris completely in a large-scale explosion. The second of which involves Harry (Willis) as he sacrifices himself detonating the rock in space, in possibly one of the most melodramatic explosion sequences Bay ever created.
Though critics panned the large-scale, arguably drawn out explosion sequence at the center of the film, Bay didn't hold back, giving audiences one of the most intense series of explosions he's ever created. Based on the real-life events on December 7, 1942, bounces between romance and action, and though many believe the attack scene wasn't nearly as emotionally-charged as it could've been, the action was nothing if not explosive.
The attack sequence involving the naval base takes place at the center of the film. A second attack sequence, depicting the US bombing of Japan, is also a notable explosive sequence towards the end of the film. The film's budget was $140 million, and it brought in over $400 million worldwide. The use of explosives eventually earned the film a spot in the Guinness Book of World Records for the movie with the most explosives used.
The sequel to the 1995 film brought back leads Smith and Lawrence, who reprised their roles as narcotics detectives Lowrey and Burnett respectively, this time on a case involving the distribution of ecstasy in Florida. The budget for the sequel far exceeded that of the original, coming in at $130 million. Domestically, it grossed a little less than $140 million.
Still, this film was chock full of explosions, including the most expensive detonation in movie history, which involved a $40 million mansion, an upset narcotics dealer and a yellow hummer. The explosion is also arguably one of the most talked about Bay explosions ever.
Scarlett Johansson and Ewan McGregor star in this sci-fi, adventure film that brought in only $35 million domestically with a $126 million production budget. The film follows two inhabitants of a dystopian society that begin to question their lives as they slowly learn everything they know is a lie.
The Island includes numerous car crash scenes, a couple of which are rumored to have been recycled in the third Transformers film. Regardless, while The Island is considered one of the least successful Bay films, its action-packed sequences are nothing less than one would expect from the director.
The $150 million production budget went a long way in this film, especially since it ended up grossing $319 million domestic and $709 million worldwide. The first installment in the franchise stars Shia LaBeouf and Megan Fox as Sam Witwicky and Mikaela Banes respectively, as they're tasked with saving the world (with the help of the Autobots) from an alien race known as the Decepticons.
And like all Bay films, the first Transformers installment is action-packed, which undoubtedly includes a few explosive sequences, one of the most notable being the Decepticon attack at the military base, which includes multiple explosions and technological terrors.
The second Transformers film brings back Fox and LaBeouf, reprising their roles as Witwicky and Banes as the Decepticons are back, and their help is sought out, despite their having moved on in their lives. The production budget for the second installment hit $200 million, and the film grossed over $800 million worldwide.
Bay's love of explosives really revealed itself in the air strike sequence that took place in the Middle East. Though critics of the film felt the diversion took a bit too long, the resulting action sequence was well worth it, making it arguably one of Bay's best explosion sequences.
Though the third installment lost Megan Fox, LaBeouf returned to reprise his role, and replaced Fox with model Rosie Huntington-Whiteley as Carly, hardly a loss. And with a $190 million production budget, the film banked over $1 billion worldwide. For the third film in a franchise, the number was astronomical.
And rightfully so. The third Transformers film included more lengthy, intense and aesthetic detonation sequences than the other two films had in their entirety. Namely, the scene in which Chicago is invaded by Decepticons, including a Driller that takes down skyscrapers with ease. Of course, he's eventually taken out by another grand scale explosion. Go figure.
Starring Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, Mark Wahlberg and Anthony Mackie, Michael Bay really could do no wrong. But the storyline didn't quite call for explosions, as it follows three bodybuilders that get caught up in an extortion ring and kidnapping gone awry. Still, Bay directed the film, so you can bet that some things were blown up. And with a production budget of $26 million, how can you not?
Though there is only one explosion in the film (shocking, I know), it's exactly what you'd expect from Bay. It involves a car, fire and three ripped guys walking away as the flames engulf the backdrop. The best part – the Rock cringes at the detonation. Just well done, all around.
The fourth installment of the franchise lost LaBeouf as well, replacing him with Mark Wahlberg. While domestically, the film's box office took a bit of a hit, coming in at $245 million, the film brought in over $1 billion worldwide, so it was hardly a flop. Still, with the increased production budget at $210 million, fans of the franchise couldn't help but feel a little let down.
Even so, Age of Extinction includes quite a few explosive sequences of its own, staying true to the tone of the Transformers films that preceded it. With Autobots on the move and a human race that wants them gone, one can expect numerous detonations.
Have a favorite Michael Bay explosion scene? Let us know in the comments!


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text:
Q: laravel.log is populated with errors, error screen is blank I'm developing on Laravel 5.4.  laravel.log is working perfectly fine, but when I experience an error, the user screen is white. When the screen is white if I view source, I see a bunch of html....
Also, when I add dd() to my code, the screen is also white, but if I do view source I can see what is supposed to appear.
Would like to see the errors normally on screen.  It did work at some point, and I haven't done any upgrades to Laravel or MySQL, etc.

A: Any chance that you're using PHP shorthand opening tags? <? ?> and not <?PHP ?>
You can also try converting your code to HTML entities:
dd(htmlentities($errors));

If that does show the code then it means there's something in your errors itself that's causing this behavior.
Alternatively try:
php artisan optimize

A: I added
ob_end_clean();
ob_start();
at the top of one of my controllers and now the errors are properly appearing instead of a white page. I wasn't trying to fix this error but it came as a by product of trying to clean up some excel export issues.  More info at this link
Can't export xlsx or xls in proper format all data are jumbled

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Important Inequitable Conduct Decision: Defendant Must Prove its Case
August 26, 2008 Inequitable Conduct, Patent, Patent Cases 2008Inequitable ConductDennis Crouch
Star Scientific v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco (Fed. Cir. 2008)
After a bench trial, the district court held that Star's tobacco curing patents were unenforceable due to inequitable conduct during prosecution and invalid as indefinite. This post will discuss the inequitable conduct issues.
The Star patents are directed at a method of making healthier tobacco (same nicotine, but fewer nitrites and other chemicals). Higher end organic or green tobacco is perhaps the only growth market in the lagging US market. The inequitable conduct issues in this case revolve primarily around a letter received by the prosecuting attorneys from a Star scientist indicating that Chinese tobacco already had lower levels of nitrites due to "their use of old [radiant heat] flue-curing techniques." Neither the letter nor a set of similar data were ever disclosed to the PTO.
An accused infringer can defang a patent by showing the patentee guilty of inequitable conduct during prosecution. To successfully prove inequitable conduct, the accused infringer must present "evidence that the applicant (1) made an affirmative misrepresentation of material fact, failed to disclose material information, or submitted false material information, and (2) intended to deceive the [PTO]." An issued patent is presumed valid and enforceable – thus, the "burden of proving inequitable conduct lies with the accused infringer. The patentee need not offer any good faith explanation unless the accused infringer first carried his burden to prove a threshold level of intent to deceive [and materiality] by clear and convincing evidence." Further, "[e]ven if a threshold level of both materiality and intent to deceive are proven by clear and convincing evidence, the court may still decline to render the patent unenforceable."
"The need to strictly enforce the burden of proof and elevated standard of proof in the inequitable conduct context is paramount because the penalty for inequitable conduct is so severe, the loss of the entire patent even where every claim clearly meets every requirement of patentability.
[C]ourts must ensure that an accused infringer asserting inequitable conduct has met his burden on materiality and deceptive intent with clear and convincing evidence before exercising its discretion on whether to render a patent unenforceable.
If a threshold level of intent to deceive or materiality is not established by clear and convincing evidence, the district court does not have any discretion to exercise and cannot hold the patent unenforceable regardless of the relative equities or how it might balance them.
Specific Intent: As the CAFC held the 1995 Molins case, the intent requirement is "specific intent to . . . mislead[] or deceiv[e] the PTO."
"Rather, to prevail on the defense, the accused infringer must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the material information was withheld with the specific intent to deceive the PTO."
When circumstantial evidence is used to prove intent, that evidence "must still be clear and convincing" and intent to deceive the PTO must be "the single most reasonable inference able to be drawn from the evidence." As a flat rule, information is not material if it is cumulative to that already disclosed.
In this case, prosecution was begun at the Sughrue Mion firm and then moved to the Banner Witcoff firm. RJR's theory of intent was that the firm switch was necessary to avoid disclosing the letter. Star's witness stated that the "reasons behind the replacement of the Sughrue firm were that a key partner passed away and that [the witness] observed a Sughrue attorney perform unsatisfactorily in an unrelated prosecution." The district court, however, rejected that testimony as unbelievable. On appeal, however, the CAFC reversed:
"[E]ven if Star's explanations are not to be believed, it remained RJR's burden to prove its allegation regarding the reason for the Sughrue firm's dismissal. RJR cannot carry its burden simply because Star failed to prove a credible alternative explanation."
Here, the court found that RJR had simply not proven its case:
"RJR failed to elicit any testimony or submit any other evidence indicating that Star knew what the Burton letter said prior to replacing the Sughrue firm, or that the letter was a reason for changing firms. RJR admitted at oral argument that it failed to even ask [Star's] executives about these critical facts, and RJR failed to identify any testimony or other evidence when specifically asked by us to do so in supplemental briefing. Further, a review of the record shows that Williams actually testified, in response to a different question, that he had never seen the Burton letter prior to his deposition in the present litigation. This statement was never impeached, questioned, or explored by RJR's counsel. RJR identified Perito, Star's chairman, as the officer who made the decision to terminate the Sughrue firm, but Perito was never asked whether he had knowledge of the Burton letter or whether it played any role in his decision to change firms.
In the end, the court concluded, that RJR had simply failed to provide sufficient facts to support an inference of intent to deceive. Reversed and Remanded.
The decision gave Star's stock (STSI) a nice bump:
Of course, there is no "legal" impact, but I query the importance of the fact that both prosecution firms (Sughrue Mion and Banner Witcoff) are well known and well respected in the legal communities.
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21 thoughts on "Important Inequitable Conduct Decision: Defendant Must Prove its Case"
MaxDrei says:
Lionel, I thought everybody reading this blog knows that enablement of the claimed subject matter is not a burden that the claim itself has to discharge. As to your "on point", in this thread that's "inequitable conduct", isn't it. I just dislike the way some contributers are so quick to criticise, when they themselves are hardly perfect. It makes me snarky (as JAOI so kindly pointed out, many moons ago) and I haven't learned my lesson yet. As to Malcolm Mooney's post immediately above, I think he's a student of EPO jurisprudence on clarity of the claim, support for the claim and sufficiency of disclosure of the claimed invention, and I look forward to reading the riposte from pds. Or from you.
Malcolm Mooney says:
pds "The purpose/result does not and should not have to be non-obvious or inventive."
Never said that it should be. I said "Unless the purpose/result itself is deemed to be non-obvious or inventive, the claimed method should set forth steps for achieving that goal WITHOUT forcing would-be infringers (or Examiners) to guess what parameters fall within the scope of the claims."
The reason for this is to prevent Rochester-style claiming, where the inventor attempts to claim his method not as a series of concrete, well-defined (i.e., definite) steps but as a vague concept, "A method for making the improved X that everybody wants, wherein said method comprises making X using water, wherein said water is substantially pure."
When the prior art methods use water that one of skill would recognize as substantially pure but "it can't be because otherwise the patent wouldn't have issued" then this claim should be found insufficiently definite. What is the level of purity in definite reproducible terms? It must be laid out. Otherwise the scope of the claim is anyone's guess, or I should say it is the Federal Circuit's guess.
Those of you who think patentees are being treated unfairly by the CAFC should rejoice at Judge Michel's finding here. If you thought the "fragile gel" case created a mess, that mess is now covered by VomSorb. Enjoy.
Lionel Hutz says:
This is a blog, not a formal document. Try staying on point. pds' legal point was correct – claims have to be enabled by the written description, they do not have to be enabling themselves.
What are these "cannons" of claim drafting, please. I've heard of those having claims asserted against them being in the position of looking down the barrel of the gun pointed at them, but you mean something else pds, do you not? Can we agree, that unambiguous English is a minimal requirement, for those who aspire to draft claims?
pds says:
"Unless the purpose/result itself is deemed to be non-obvious or inventive, the claimed method should set forth steps for achieving that goal WITHOUT forcing would-be infringers (or Examiners) to guess what parameters fall within the scope of the claims."
To paraphrase Scalia, what kind of gobblygook is this?
The purpose/result does not and should not have to be non-obvious or inventive. Also, the claim method DOES NOT have to set forth the steps for acheiving that goal. Claims are only required to distinguish the claimed invention, not enable it (i.e, claims are not required to "set forth steps for achieving that goal").
The evidence mounts for you not being a patent attorney and/or ever having to draft a set of claims. However, if you actually draft claims and these are the cannons for claim drafting you employ, I feel *really* *really* sorry for your clients.
Suggestion …. you do your best trolling with the high-level topics. If I were you, I would avoid discussions of details, as you are definitely out of your element.
Leopold Bloom says:
"Never mind that removing nitrosamines was the alleged problem to be solved by the method. Never mind that earlier methods reduced nitrosamines, at least in part, by increasing aeration during drying. And never mind that aerobic conditions and the resultant absence of nitrosamine were recognized in the art by the patentee's own scientists and their attorneys. … Note that these same irritating issues arise in product-by-process claims and in claims with excessive preambles."
I'm not sure exactly what your complaint is, except that you are irritated by preambles, but your comments appear to have little to do with definiteness. You'd be a lot more persuasive if you could argue Section 112 or Section 101 issues without confusing them with anticipation and obviousness.
"How non-anaerobic does it need to be? Enough that it prevents formation of the nitrosamines."
Gosh, how helpful. Never mind that removing nitrosamines was the alleged problem to be solved by the method. Never mind that earlier methods reduced nitrosamines, at least in part, by increasing aeration during drying. And never mind that aerobic conditions and the resultant absence of nitrosamine were recognized in the art by the patentee's own scientists and their attorneys.
This claim is apparently drawn to *really* *really* aerobic conditions that result in *really* *really* undetectable nitrosamine levels. It must be so because … because … because … well, because the CAFC has turned indefiniteness into a virtually useless tool for invalidating patents. Strangely, this change has occurred during a time period in which the CAFC has labored to teach lawyers that construing a claim to preserve its validity is almost always incorrect. Now we are told that if Federal Circuit judge can be persuaded of *any* construction, the claim is not indefinite. I have difficult reconciling the two universes.
The question is: what is the point of requiring a claim to be "definite"? This was a method claim. The method has a purpose — that's quite clear. Unless the purpose/result itself is deemed to be non-obvious or inventive, the claimed method should set forth steps for achieving that goal WITHOUT forcing would-be infringers (or Examiners) to guess what parameters fall within the scope of the claims.
Note that these same irritating issues arise in product-by-process claims and in claims with excessive preambles. Message to CAFC: end the nonsense.
And following up on a discussion from a few weeks back: has any district court reached a finding of willful infringement after the CAFC overturned a previous finding of non-infringement or invalidity? That would be amusing.
"I wonder if the district court was influenced by the fact that it was R.J. Reynolds? Rather a history of inequitable conduct there. While we are wondering. :-)"
Except that the patents at issue were Star Scientific's patents.
EG says:
Leopold,
I agree with you. The meaning of "anaerobic condition" in the context of this Claim is not something one of ordinary skill in the art would have trouble understanding. In particulr the term "anaerobic" is a fairly common term, and certainly not as exotic as "fragile gel" in the Halliburton case.
"good point, MM."
No it's not. He's wrong. The claim says that you create an airflow sufficient to prevent an anaerobic condition. How non-anaerobic does it need to be? Enough that it prevents formation of the nitrosamines. Can someone skilled in the art figure set up this process without undue experimentation? Apparently. Can a practiced method be evaluated to see if it infringes? Apparently. Then it's not indefinite. It might be obvious, it might be anticipated by the radiant flue method, but it's not indefinite.
Malcolm also has a habit of trying to zoom in on the one feature of a claim that is "new." That's certainly irrelevant to definiteness, and usually isn't nearly as relevant to anything as he seems to think.
Anon E. Mouse says:
"I think the difference is that the PHOSITA/the district court could put a number on O2 concentration that means "anaerobic" (i.e., low enough oxygen such that there's only X amount of the chemical made – measure the O2 concentration indirectly)."
The difficulty with selecting that functional definition in this context is the circular nature of the claims and their relationship to the prior art.
"A process of substantially preventing the formation of at least one
nitrosamine in a harvested tobacco plant, the process comprising:
drying at least a portion of the plant, while said portion is uncured,
yellow, and in a state susceptible to having the formation of
nitrosamines arrested, in a controlled environment and for a
time sufficient to substantially prevent the formation of said
at least one nitrosamine;
wherein said controlled environment comprises air free of
combustion exhaust gases and an airflow sufficient to
substantially prevent an anaerobic condition around the
vicinity of said plant portion; and
wherein said controlled environment is provided by controlling at
least one of humidity, temperature, and airflow."
To the extent there is anything new in that claim (i.e., not a recitation of a desired result or an old method), it lies in the "airflow sufficient to substantially prevent an anaerobic condition" passage. That passage alone captures the inventors alleged "discovery" that preventing an anaerobic condition prevents nitrosamine buildup.
Okay, so what does Judge Michel say about this? Try to follow:
"the intrinsic record provides a standard for measuring that degree and assessing the bounds of "anaerobic condition" as required by Datamize, namely the level of TSNA formation. In fact, the claims explicitly refer to the standard, requiring that the tobacco be cured in a "controlled environment" that prevents an "anaerobic condition" in order to "substantially prevent the formation of at least one nitrosamine."
That's completely circular reasoning. How can somebody claim a method of creating a special version of X merely by throwing in phrase that "X ix created under conditions such as that non-special versions of X do not form"? Such claims are indefinite because they are meaningless. "The sky is blue because it isn't magenta." Gee, thanks.
Compound this vagueness with the other elephant in the room: the fact that the inventors knew of other curing methods that read on *every limitation* of the claim *except* for the *degree* of the desired outcome of the method. And that's only if we ignore the infamous letter where one of the scientists admits that the old radiant flue method produces tobacco that lacks nitrosamines.
The more I read this opinion, the more baffled I become that the CAFC did what it did. I can only assume it's because they know the patent is going down on other grounds but, for some strange reason, they liked these facts as a foundation for their attempt to "clarify" inequitable conduct case law.
Tazistan Jen says:
BlogReadingSlacker says:
"Of course, there is no "legal" impact, but I query the importance of the fact that both prosecution firms (Shugrue Mion and Banner Witcoff) are well known and well respected in the legal communities."
This comment strikes me as fishing for data points to uphold a pre-existing opinion. (My apologies if this comes across as overly harsh. It is meant as constructive criticism. I have nothing but the highest regard for DC, his objectivity, professionalism and the Patently-O blog.)
The District Court clearly was not swayed by any "prestige" factor associated with the attorneys who prosecuted the patent. The Federal Circuit opinion also seems devoid of any such influence and appears to be primarily concerned with keeping the inequitable conduct doctrine within proper bounds rather than being influenced by the identity of the attorneys involved.
Zak,
In Halliburton, non one could put their finger on any number that meant "fragile gel." Re-look at the Halliburton case and FIG. 3. There was nothing in the spec or in PHOSITA's knowledge to say which of the four curves at 70 minutes is a fragile gel.
Yes, I agree that the patentee would point to 25% torque as a great cut-off for fragile gels, but the spec spoke to how fast it spikes and/or drops off. They all did that.
Tough cases, especially if you think that the inventor at the time of invention in the Halliburton case probably would have looked at FIG. 3 and picked out the fragile gels without even having to think about it, but the patent drafter simply didn't capture the attributes of a fragile gel correctly*.
(*correctly = good enough to stand up in a trial and on appeal).
Malcolm,
"Michel's reversal of [the indefinitenss finding] is hand-waving gobbledygook"
I could not agree with you more. Especially considering that the claims at issue are very strikingly similiar to the claims at issue in HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC, decided January 25, 2008, which was also penned by Judge Michel. In that case, Judge Michel held that the claims were indefinite. Odder still, Judge Michel cited Halliburton in this opinion.
Seriously, I am missing some defining difference between these cases or is the judge contradicting himself? Considering that I am reading these cases at 1:00 in the morning, it could very well be that I am missing something.
"I think you mean abstruse."
Yes, although I'm not sure that I ever heard of the word until now. ;)
"By the way, the claims at issue in this case are disturbingly obtuse."
I think you mean abstruse. "Obtuse" might refer to the reader, but not to the claims. In any event, I think you're wrong, and Judge Michel's concise opinion on the indefiniteness seemed quite reasonable to me.
I'd be willing to bet that RJR had a half-ton of evidence as to why the accused process wasn't anaerobic, even though they feigned an inability to understand the term.
"It's a strange clealy erroneous standard (CAFC standard for the first stage inquiry) when an appellate court practically ignores the District Court's expressed view that he finds a witness not credible."
Agreed. Judge Michel is playing defense here but he won't be able to stop the rising tide. Stink stinks, and all the "clear and convincing" requirements in the world aren't going to keep defendants from protecting themselves. No defendant in their right mind would have let the circumstances that plainly presented themselves in this case go unnoticed by a court.
If nothing else, the patentee's "explanations" and arguments about cumulativeness and materiality can serve as useful admissions when evaluating prior art or infringement. A well-drafted inequitable conduct brief can be a very useful tool for pushing a patentee into a corner devoid of resources except, perhaps, for piece of rope.
By the way, the claims at issue in this case are disturbingly obtuse. It's easy to understand why the judge reached for indefiniteness to smash them, and it's also easy to understand why Michel's reversal of that finding is hand-waving gobbledygook. Perhaps the CAFC is also growing tired of the "scourge" of indefiniteness arguments they are being asked to review.
smashmouth football says:
Another peculiar aspect of IC demonstrated in this case is the standard of appellate review. It's a strange clealy erroneous standard (CAFC standard for the first stage inquiry) when an appellate court practically ignores the District Court's expressed view that he finds a witness not credible.
From the opinion:
"Star filed the present suit on May 23, 2001, alleging that RJR infringed claims 4, 12 and 20 of the '649 patent. As the litigation proceeded, Rivard periodically filed supplemental IDSs to the '144 application to disclose to the PTO some of the additional prior art raised by RJR against the '649 patent during discovery. For example, on June 12, 2001, Rivard disclosed RJR's Application Serial No. 09/735,177, which was published on April 26, 2001. Rivard also disclosed RJR's interrogatory responses regarding invalidity along with the cited references. These disclosures continued after the '144 application was allowed in January 2002. In April 2002, the issue fee for the '144 application was paid.
In June 2002, while waiting for the '144 application to issue as a patent, Rivard became aware of the Burton letter and Curran data when Star's trial counsel, Crowell & Moring ("Crowell"), informed him that RJR had raised those documents in the litigation. Rivard's initial reaction was that they should be disclosed out of an abundance of caution. Several Crowell attorneys exchanged e-mails amongst themselves discussing whether they thought the Burton letter and/or Curran data was required to be disclosed to the PTO given that the '144 application had yet to be issued; several agreed that it
may be best to "err on the side of disclosure." J.A. at A10998-99.
Meanwhile, Rivard and Hoscheit at the Banner firm conferred and ultimately decided that the Burton letter and the Curran data were not material and thus did not need to be disclosed to the PTO. They were never disclosed to the PTO."
Seems like an awful lot of time was spent worrying about this letter when it was so "clearly" cumulative to those interrogatory responses. What is the probability that an Examiner will spend their time carefully reading reams of interrogatory responses and other court filings submitted in an IDS after substantive examination has ended but before the issue fee has been paid? 20%? 30%
Likewise, after the issue fee is paid, what are the odds that an Examiner would carefully read a short letter that was submitted in an IDS after the Application was pulled from issuance? 99%? or 100%

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text:
Sut Jhally
(Duration: 59:44)
Sut Jhally is Professor of Communication at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and Founder and Executive Director of the Media Education Foundation (MEF). He is one of the world's leading scholars looking at the role played by advertising and popular culture in the processes of social control and identity construction. The author of numerous books and articles on media(including The Codes of Advertising and Enlightened Racism) he is also an award-winning teacher (a recipient of the Distinguished Teaching Award at the University of Massachusetts, where the student newspaper has also voted him "Best professor"). In addition, he has been awarded the Distinguished Outreach Award, and was selected to deliver a Distinguished Faculty Lecture in 2007. Call and comment!
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text:
BUCKLE - WE'LL BE READY
Boss on Norwich test, cup shocks and set pieces...
The time has arrived, as the Hatters brace themselves for a fourth round clash with Premier League opposition in the form of Norwich City at Carrow Road.
Paul Buckle had the world's spotlight thrust upon his squad as a giant-killing remains fresh in the thoughts of all those involved and the boss he has ensured his squad are ready for the occasion.
"It starts today," said Buckle on Thursday afternoon. "It's exciting, the press called today for the players and staff and it's brilliant. Our match preparation started a few days ago with the game against Lincoln called off.
"The next two days are big for us so we will be ready."
The Town lie in uncharted territory ahead of the game with Norwich clear favourites, but much like the Wolverhampton Wanderers tie in the third round, the Hatters are relishing the underdog label.
"It's no pressure again which is nice for us, so we can enjoy it, enjoy the next couple of days but at the same time we want to do ourselves justice and we want to put on a good show," said the manager.
Tickets for the tie have been tough to get hold of with demand surpassing quantity available. There's no doubting that the Hatters fans have done the club proud racing to snap up the 4,000 allocation in double-quick time and Buckle is looking forward to the raucous away following adding to the scintillating atmosphere.
"It's going to be a full house and it will be brilliant with that many Luton fans at an away game – it will be amazing to see," said Buckle.
"All of that said we need to prepare and put all that that to one side. We've got to come out of the blocks and the one thing we have to do is make sure we don't concede early."
Buckle whisked his troops off to Suffolk on Thursday afternoon for two days pre-match preparation at the luxurious Ipswich Town training complex, graciously offered by the club to aid the Hatters' bid in an attempt to overthrow their East Anglian rivals.
"Mick McCarthey has been good to me over the years and Ipswich have done us proud by letting us train there over the next couple of days," Buckle said.
"It's been hard to get a training session here because of the training ground being covered in snow but we can train in the indoor facility they have got there so it will be great preparation for the players."
Norwich strolled past Championship Peterborough in the previous round - winning 3-0 at London Road - but that has been a shining light in an otherwise bleak Christmas period for Chris Hughton's men who have won just four of their last 11 outings.
With such an experienced squad available for Hughton to chose from it has proved tricky to decipher a starting line-up to prepare against, despite this Buckle is hopeful his players are ready for whatever Norwich throw at them.
"Norwich have changed their team, they played a different side against Peterborough and I think that's one to look at, the Peterborough game" the Town boss said.
"When Chris Hughton changed his team they won four I think, so I'm not sure what team he will play. It's a bit of a guessing game. If we prepare for them to put out what they did against Peterborough that's good, and if they change it then they have paid us a lot of respect.
"We will prepare and the one thing we have to do is that on the day the players will have to play at their highest levels.
"The boys will know that, they know they're up against Premier League opposition and Norwich have earned the right to be in the Premier League. They are an excellent club, they have got really good players and our players will understand that.
"Every player at the club wants to play in that game, we're fighting fit and everyone's okay which is great. Whichever 11 take the field they will give everything, they will have to work their socks off to contain a team like Norwich and the seven subs will have to be ready because I'm sure we're not going to finish the game with the starting 11."
A huge 85 places separate the Hatters and the Canaries ahead of Saturday's meeting but there will be no gulf in the way the players approach the game and in the manner they sat about their task according to the manager.
"The application and the fitness levels will not be a problem," continued the Hatters boss. "I don't see a problem from our players they are fit and strong. They will be pushed on by 4,000 Luton fans and the occasion. The occasion is massive, we must enjoy it. We've got through the rounds to enjoy this match.
"We have to respect them but if we do too much we will come away at quarter to five feeling we could have done better."
Cup upsets and fairytale endings have been all the rage in recent weeks with the Hatters very own triumph over Wolves sparking somewhat of a footballing craze. Macclesfield dumped Premier League chasers Cardiff out of the FA Cup before Bradford stole the headlines by leaving Wigan, Arsenal and Aston Villa in their wake as they march into the Carling Cup Final. Despite the recent blitz of upsets, Buckle was realistic when taking their achievements in perspective.
"Bradford springs to mind because it's so fresh and it was a great night for them," said Buckle,
"At the same time if you look at the game as a professional it can be done but Villa had the majority of both games. On another day Villa could have easily scored a few goals. The gulf in class was there but one thing Bradford managed to do was stay disciplined. They rode their luck at times but ultimately they stayed in the game which got them to the final. It can be done but we know we have to be at our very, very best."
Bradford found success over their Premier League counterparts by fully maximising their set-play opportunities, something Buckle is very aware of and hopes to emulate to an extent.
"We're on a decent run ourselves," he said about the Hatters impressive run that spans over three months.
"I think we have only lost two in 14 matches so if we do get the chance from a corner or free-kick, or maybe even a long throw, it will be a chance to ask them a few questions so we have to make sure our delivery is right on the day."


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How to overcome Intellectual Property challenges in Digital Marketing
Home→Uncategorized→How to overcome Intellectual Property challenges in Digital Marketing
With recent events sparking the acceleration of digital transformation, and the rise of the e-commerce industry on a global scale, digital marketing is, more than ever, at the forefront. Advertising (and publicity, in particular) was developed with the modern consumer society. With "the saturation of markets, the globalization of trade and manufacturing and the avalanche of information disseminated without borders" (WIPO), businesses were encouraged to advertise their goods and services while creating needs and investing in advertising resources. Today, advertising is considered a product and service in itself.
Given the enormous efforts and budgets deployed to create brand loyalty, overcoming legal complexities, and challenges from an intellectual property perspective is crucial to the digital market.
At first glance, the matter may appear rather simple, as many easily and freely accessible, products and services fall under the exclusive property of an individual or an organization, along with any associated intellectual property rights. However, in terms of creativity and advertising, several intellectual property issues can be identified, namely, concerning advertisers' efforts to protect their unique and original creations as intellectual property rights (IPRs).
For a digital marketing campaign to be effective, an advertisement must first be noticed, then remembered long enough to persuasively communicate the unique selling point of a product or service to the targeted consumer. In this creative process of swaying the consumer and influencing his/her buying decisions, there are usually one or more types of IPRs that come into action:
Copyright, which is an exclusive legal right assigned to the originator to protect his/her creative content (whether written, visual, or audiovisual).
Patent, which is a legal protection that extends to a few forms of advertising techniques or means of doing business. It tackles new technical solutions to a problem.
Trademark, which protects advertising slogans, sounds, logos, business and product names, or any other signs used in advertising.
Industrial Design Protection, which only protects the aesthetic and the visual features (e.g. graphic symbols, screen displays, web pages, etc.).
While protecting IPRs is tremendously problematic in the digital market, intellectual property strategies and other legal tools can be adopted to protect advertising creations:
Copyright protection: An advertiser can register the advertising campaign at the national copyright office, according to the country-specific copyright laws.
Patent protection: In countries where patent protection is available, advertisers are urged to file a patent application for creative advertising technologies.Patents and copyright can protect the software used to create online advertising campaigns, depending on national laws.
Trademark registration: Trademarks should be registered and respected adequately and consistently in an advertising campaign. In other words, to enhance the brand's distinctiveness and value, advertisers should stick to their trademarks' attributes and mark them with a trademark notice or an equivalent symbol.
Avoidance of trade secrets disclosure: A business can benefit from laws on unfair competition or trade secrets whenever the information (i.e. trade secret) divulgated (even unintentionally) gives the business a competitive advantage. This is why, a business should avoid trade secrets disclosure to the public; otherwise, it will no longer be possible to protect the information which is no longer unique and original.
A company with a unique and novel advertising idea benefits from a prevailing medium of influence. This may however carry potential abusing behaviors and misuses. Governments around the world are acting in response to pressures from right holders in this respect. However, given the relatively new and fast-changing nature of online digital content services, it is unreasonable to expect an easy tracking of behavioral patterns, and finding a more adequate and particular legislative framework, may come with its own sets of challenges.
Consequently, every business owner (especially digital marketing agencies) must put in genuine efforts to understand the legal intellectual property framework surrounding the digital advertising industry and resort to adequate legal assistance in matters of setting out the business's intellectual property strategy. Otherwise, the infringing company may lose its IPRs or, in some more severe cases, be held liable for overstepping upon the IPRs of another person.
Adam Hojeij2020-10-07T20:00:30+03:00
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Persistent Slabs form when a persistent weak layer is buried by additional layers of snow. The problem persists after storm and wind slab instabilities have stabilized. The persistent weak layer can cycle through periods of sensitivity from reactive to nonreactive due to changes in weather conditions such as new precipitation, wind loading, strong solar radiation, and/or rapid changes in air temperature.
This Persistent Slab was triggered remotely, failed on a layer of faceted snow in the middle of the snowpack, and crossed several terrain features.
The spatial distribution of Persistent Slabs is dictated by the distribution of the culprit weak layer. The weak layer distribution is dictated by the weather patterns responsible for its creation. Thus, Persistent Slab distribution can range from widespread across terrain to very specific terrain features. They can occur at all elevations and on all aspects. Persistent Slabs can be triggered remotely, and on low-angle to steep slopes. Consult the backcountry avalanche forecast to determine where in the terrain this problem exists.
A Persistent Slab avalanche that propagated over several terrain features.
Persistent Slabs can be a problem during any time of the snowy season. Anytime you have a slab resting over a reactive persistent weak layer, you have a Persistent Slab problem. This problem can develop during the fall and last well into the spring.
Persistent Slabs can be distinguished from Storm and Wind Slabs by how the fracture lines fail in the terrain. Unlike storm instabilities, Persistent Slabs are commonly triggered remotely, from flat areas, and failures can propagate across terrain features like ridges, ribs, and gullies. It is possible to have a Persistent Slab problem that is susceptible to human triggering but not produce many spontaneous avalanches. The lack of avalanche activity does not always indicate the absence of a Persistent Slab problem. You can look for persistent weak layers in snow profiles, and perform snowpack tests to gauge sensitivity and distribution of a Persistent Slab problem. Consult the backcountry avalanche forecast to determine where in the terrain this problem exists.
Persistent Slabs can be triggered by light loads and weeks after the last storm. They are commonly trigged remotely and they often propagate across and beyond terrain features that would otherwise confine wind and storm slabs. Failures often propagate in surprising and unpredictable ways. This makes this problem difficult to predict and manage and requires a wide safety buffer to handle the uncertainty. Intimate slope-scale knowledge and tracking of culprit persistent weak layers and avalanche activity over space and time will aid in assessing the severity and extent of this problem. The best ways to manage the risk from Persistent Slabs is to make conservative terrain choices.


Frank Brennan elected unanimously, despite his protestations, as MC. First definite decision he made, i.e. that he was too busy to sing himself, was ruled out of order by the masses. Elphin was well represented, some irregular regulars welcomed back and songs were plentiful.
Looking forward to the Boyle Arts Festival Special Session, Thursday 28th July, with Phil Callery. Singing workshop 8.30-10pm, in Dodd's Crescent Bar, with Phil Callery. Singers' session, 10 ish, onwards, with songs from the floor and from the guest. Be there early to get your name on the list if you want to sing. Be there early anyway. Free in.


Let no one tell you who or what is Sunset Matt Berry Fatherrrrrrr shirt. I'm so grateful that you are loving your girls with everything that you.
Let no one tell you who or what is Sunset Matt Berry Fatherrrrrrr shirt. I'm so grateful that you are loving your girls with everything that you have and are sharing your journey with us so we can love the best way we can too! Listen closely to what your heart is telling you is worth saving. Don't listen to naysayers save your energy for those you are fighting for. Keep walking in your purpose, arms wide open to those who are waiting for your arrival. I was there last night as well and enjoyed hearing your stories in person. Thank you for your time and wise words! I always love what you have to say as it resonates with me on so many levels.
If we didn't know it before, we know it now: Sunset Matt Berry Fatherrrrrrr shirt. And we have them. My friends, we have them. Sometimes it's all that we have, but it is enough. They have put together a comprehensive guide with ways people can help and provide hope. I missed age one with my oldest, it still hurts when I think about that. We changed everything in our lives to stop that happening again. I actually go out of my way to show such kindness to strangers and family as well.


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Casa Furniture, Inc. is also known for its unorthodox advertising on our CASA YouTube Channel and commercials over the years. This helped brand Casa Furniture as the premier mattress and furniture provider in the tri-state area.
But, how can such a small chain of furniture stores named Casa Furniture, pack such a wallop of a punch to bring such prices that have been previously unheard of in the marketplace. First, Casa has always been known as a savvy purchaser of goods for its demanding customers. Casa searches the globe year around to find the best deals for its consumers. Then, it arranges to have the products imported directly to eliminate the middleman and pass the savings on to you, the valued customer. Secondly, Casa works with two factories who produce exclusively for Casa Furniture and nobody else. The style, quality and price has always been on the cutting edge given this factory to the consumer direct line.Third, is our pricing strategy. Casa Furniture marks the product prices up so minimally that the price to consumers is often well below wholesale. Our competition preys on the unsuspecting consumer which may stray into their store and pay top dollar. Meanwhile, Casa makes up in volume what others charge in price. And lastly, Casa takes a "no frills" warehouse concept in its presentation of the furniture and mattress products. "An educated consumer is our best customer" who appreciates a value when he/she sees it, but does not need the glamor of an expensive showroom to purchase goods.
Casa's success has not gone unnoticed, even by the powers that be. In 2010, Casa won a contract over some of the keenest competition in the United States to provide furniture and mattresses to the best customers in the world..our soldiers and airmen of the US Army and US Air Force. As an Army and Air Force Exchange Services (AAFES) partner, Casa provides the same quality and pricing to the military and their extended families on military bases throughout the US. And, like everywhere else, the best compliment we have received from those customers is to have received countless referrals for Casa to their friends and family. We are indeed proud of our US military and our soldiers' service to their country. We are proud to help our soldiers in any way possible. Check this website or call to see our current base schedule for the year.
Then comes our advanced, lean forward thinking. With the launch of our new e-commerce website in 2011, Casa Furniture has opened a new chapter in its long history of pioneering in the furniture industry. Our goal is to provide the same level of outstanding service, price, and quality to our on-line family of customers as we have to our brick and mortar. The fact is we have..the proof is in the reviews and the repeat customers.
Recently, the news for Casa Furniture has just gotten better. When the community in which we are a part of recognizes your contribution to you know you got it right. Washington, DC in general, and Child and Family Services specifically, recently awarded one of the largest furniture and services contracts to Casa Furniture to help their neediest families with mattresses and furniture. This is truly in the spirit of giving back to the community and Casa Furniture takes pride in helping some of the less fortunate fellow citizens of Washington,DC, Maryland, and Virginia.


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Nicholas Kahn & Richard Selesnick's archival pigment print, "King of Weeds," (2013), "can be viewed," the artists have said, "as a symbol of invasive species spread by climate change and human migration." (Spencer Museum of Art, the University of Kansas)
Made with a homemade camera, Karl Blossfeldt's "Aspidium Filix Mas. Wurmfarn" (circa 1926–1930), reflects the photographer's interest in capturing the internal logic of plant life. (Spencer Museum of Art, the University of Kansas)
This "small basket with lid" (late 1800s–early 1900s), from the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) or Mi'kmaq (Micmac) peoples, attests to indigenous peoples' bond with the natural environment. (Spencer Museum of Art, the University of Kansas)
In her series "Archiving Eden: The Vaults," photographer Dornith Doherty photographed the world's largest seed banks, including this shot titled, "Vault Interior, Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Spitsbergen Island, Norway" (2010). (Spencer Museum of Art, the University of Kansas)
The exhibit includes Kansas City artist Sarah Hearn's "Artificial Lichen Colony #10" (2015), a work made from cut photographs. (from the artist)
Mathias Kessler's greenhouse installation provides insights into plants' experiences with stress. (photo by Ryan Waggoner, © Spencer Museum of Art, the University of Kansas)
A Plea for the Planet
by Anne Marie Hunter
Articles , Visual
Spencer Museum of Art's "Big Botany" Exhibit Examines Human/Nature Relationship
". . . the universe is a communion of subjects rather than a collection of objects . . ." — Thomas Berry, ecotheologian
Celebrating nature's alluring power while simultaneously warning of the perils that threaten our natural world, "Big Botany: Conversations with the Plant World," is a sweeping botanical tapestry of works by 50 artists spanning six centuries.
Five years in the planning, the exhibit at the Spencer Museum of Art in Lawrence reflects a lifetime passion of curator Stephen Goddard, who has assembled paintings, drawings, photographs, books, engravings and site-specific installations to trace the long history of pain and joy that defines our human relationship with nature.
"What I did not know at a young age is how critical cultivating empathy for the plant world would be decades later, as the impact of a century of human environmental irresponsibility comes into sharp focus," Goddard notes.
Dating from the 1490s, the exhibit's oldest work is "The Lovers," an engraving by Israhel van Meckenem the younger. With graceful, poetic lines, van Meckenem depicts the garden-of-love, a popular theme in medieval art. The engraving also reflects a common medieval practice in which botanical species were ascribed specific symbolic meanings.
Appreciation of botanical life has crossed cultures, continents and centuries, and is abundantly represented in this show.
Though small and deceptively simple, a late 1800s-early 1900s Iroquois basket and lid, woven from sweet grass and plant fiber, reflect indigenous peoples' bond with the natural environment.
This peaceful affinity, depicted in many of the show's earlier works, evolves and deepens through the centuries. Through "Big Botany," we watch artists, scientists and others respond to an increased knowledge and awareness that human beings are inextricably dependent on the natural world.
In photographer Karl Blossfeldt's early 20th-century black and white floral imagery, we see a highly articulated interpretation of the geometrical and mathematical elements in these forms. However, Blossfeldt doesn't stop there; he elevates his vision to a more philosophical level.
"My flower documents should contribute to restoring the relationship to nature. They should reawaken a sense for nature," Blossfeldt wrote.
Contemporary artists sound the alarm
The exhibit's contemporary artists communicate a compelling urgency to accept our responsibility to and for the natural world.
"The most current exhibits look at technology, climate change and the destruction and disregard for plant life," says Goddard. "The artists reveal their own regard and respect for this life and how to strike a balance, or return to a healthier reverence for plant life."
Seeds, though tiny, command a formidable place in works in which artists address bioengineering, sustainability and biodiversity.
In her series "Archiving Eden: The Vaults," photographer Dornith Doherty photographed the world's largest seed banks to document their crucial role in the face of climate change and the extinction of natural species.
Crafted from an antique Boy Scouts of America rucksack, cotton batting, plastic containers and seeds, "The Seed Smuggler's Luggage," artist and environmentalist Mark Dion's addresses questions surrounding the ethics of biotechnological enterprises.
Kahn & Selesnick's "King of Weeds" forms part of the narrative of their recent performance and installation series, "Truppe Fledermaus & The Carnival at the End of the World." The "King of Weeds," a leaf-covered figure with a long history in folkloric traditions, can be viewed as a symbol of invasive species spread by climate change and human migration.
"Big Botany" also includes several site-specific projects created by artists-in-residence.
In her immersive, large-scale murals, Sandy Winters uses printmaking, drawing and painting to create an imagined future of biological plant-animal-machine hybrids that are simultaneously humorous and threatening.
"On the one hand my work evinces an underlying preoccupation with procreation and growth as well as the destructiveness characteristic of both nature and the human world; on the other hand there is a recognition of the surface world of whimsy that this process makes possible," writes Winters.
Outside the museum, Mathias Kessler's greenhouse installation provides insights into plants' experiences with stress. Kessler converts their symptoms into sound, providing us a deeper understanding of the plant spirit we might not have known existed.
In their own efforts to raise awareness and understanding, the artistic team of Ackroyd & Harvey has produced many provocative works concerning the natural world, focusing specifically on the role of plants in sustaining life on earth.
For "Big Botany," Ackroyd & Harvey, who are part of the Spencer Museum's International Artists-in Residence Program, used grass seed and light to realize photosynthetic portraits and a stencil on a grass seed background. The panoramic stencil replicates the "Satanic Formula," an equation by ecologist Dr. Ranil Senanayake, that expresses the rise of greenhouse gases at the expense of oxygen due to human activity. The title, "Satanic Formula," originates from William Blake's reference to the "dark Satanic Mills" of the early Industrial Revolution and the inception of human activity that has led to the climate crisis.
"We are stripping our oxygen. Trees and plant matter are the only things that replace oxygen," says Heather Ackroyd. "Our core concern and motivation for our work is this. Our art intersects with our concern for our ecological health and climate change."
In the work he chose for "Big Botany," Goddard has given us copious iterations of our relationship with the botanical world, providing opportunities in which this relationship can be both embraced and examined.
"I know that care, respect and affection for plants can be intuitive, instinctual, and that it can also be learned. It is my hope that this catalog and exhibition will help address the inadequacy of human awareness of the plant world," Goddard said.
"Big Botany: Conversations with the Plant World" continues at the Spencer Museum of Art, 1301 Mississippi St., Lawrence, Kansas, through July 15. Hours are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Tuesday; 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Wednesday, Thursday and Sunday; and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Friday and Saturday. Closed Monday. For more information 785. 864.4710 or spencerart.ku.edu.
About The Author: Anne Marie Hunter
Anne Marie Hunter is a writer and photographer who holds a B.S. in speech and art history from Northwestern University and a M.A. in Art Education from Southern Oregon University. Her work includes newspaper, magazine and corporate photography and writing assignments and projects. You can view and read her work at annemariehunter.com.
Anne Marie Hunter
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Man Utd Quoted €25m For Brazilian International, Personal Terms Already Agreed
By Transfer News Reporter on December 18, 2014
With the January transfer window fast approaching managers are formalising their plans to strengthen their squads ahead of the second half of the season, so we'll bring you all the latest news and gossip. Today, Manchester United are linked with Atletico Madrid defender Joao Miranda.
Atletico Madrid have informed Manchester United they will accept €25m for Joao Miranda with the defender already believed to have agreed personal terms over a switch to Old Trafford, according to reports.
United were strongly linked with a move for Miranda in the summer with some reports even suggesting the player had began house-hunting in the Manchester area ahead of a proposed move.
A deal failed to materialise in the end as United chiefs refused to meet the 30-year-old's €30m (£24m) release clause – much to the disappointment of the player as it's believed he had his heart set on a switch to Old Trafford.
However, Miranda may yet get his 'dream' move as the Express are reporting today that Atletico have reopened talks with United and told them they are now willing to lower the asking price to €25m (£20m) this January.
The newspaper suggests that with the Brazilian international's contract due to expire in 18 months, Atletico are now ready to cash-in as they know his value will drop considerably in the summer. Plus, the La Liga side have a ready-made replacement in Uruguayan youngster Jose Gimenez, who has broken into the first team set-up this season.
It remains to be seen whether a £4m discount will be enough to tempt United into buying an ageing centre-back, but they must be serious about doing a deal as the Express claim that Miranda has already agreed personal terms and is just waiting for the two clubs to agree a fee.
United have recovered from a disastous start to the season and currently sit third in the Premier League, but Louis van Gaal is understood to still be keen on strengthening his defence after seeing virtually all of his centre-backs spend time on the treatment table in recent months.
Chris Smalling, Phil Jones, Marcos Rojo and Jonny Evans have all seen their seasons disrupted by various injury problems so it wouldn't be a surprise to see United bring in another option, but I'm just not convinced Miranda should be the answer.
READ MORE –> Man Utd transfer news
He's certainly an excellent defender, but £20m is a huge investment for a player whose now the wrong side of 30 and will have very little sell-on value in a couple of years, so I'd personally be surprised if the United money-men agreed to this deal. But stranger things have happened so we'll just have to see how things develop over the coming weeks.


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Building a Nimble, Attacker Organization
|By Tim Venable
At the CoreNet Global Summit Shanghai, opening keynote speaker Azran Osman-Rani, CEO, iflix Malaysia, shared valuable insights from his experience leading high-growth companies such as iflix and AirAsia X in an exclusive executive track session.
"You have to scale fast, attract and onboard amazing people, and set clear structures and expectations," he said. "You have to provide lots of feedback, quality leadership and mentoring. And you need to define the culture and make it tangible. It's important to define a core compelling purpose."
Values are very important. At iflix, they are: be simple, be curious, be real, be brave, and be playful.
Osman-Rani explained that at his company, he is the "last gatekeeper" for hiring interviews. "I do interviews for cultural fit," he said. "We look for people who cite contributions to the team or to others and who are excited about having their people develop and move on to bigger things. We look for people who are excited about what they can do next, not what they have done in the past."
Running a start-up company is really no different than running a big company, he said. "It all comes back to those same basics: culture, hiring, values and so on."
Being small and nimble works only for a while, he said. "At some point, if you don't have scale, you will get crushed."