Russian President-elect Vladimir Putin wants to visit Israel in June, and has expressed interest in unveiling a monument in Netanya honoring Jewish Red Army soldiers who fought in World War II, a senior Israeli official told Haaretz on Monday.
There have been no talks about specific arrangements because Putin has yet to be inaugurated, the source said. After he is sworn in on May 7, Israel is expected to begin preparing for his visit, the date of which will be formally announced, the official said.
Israel is expected to be Putin's second foreign destination after he is inaugurated on May 7. Putin is due to travel to the United States on May 20 to attend the G8 summit, where he is slated to meet with U.S. President Barack Obama.
Since Putin was elected president earlier this month, senior Russian officials have made several requests to the Foreign Ministry regarding Putin's interest in visiting Israel.
The Russian ambassador to Israel, Sergei Yakovlev, and Russia's deputy foreign minister, Mikhail Bogdanov, are among those who have made such requests. Other requests were brought directly to Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called Putin earlier this month to congratulate him on winning the presidential election. Netanayhu's aides issued a statement saying the two discussed the Middle East situation and the Iranian nuclear program.
Netanyahu invited Putin to visit Israel and received an invitation from him to visit Moscow.
Netanyahu met with Putin in Moscow in February 2010, and the two announced they would set up a monument in Netanya to commemorate Jewish soldiers who served in the Red Army during World War II. The monument, designed by three Russian artists in the shape of a labyrinth, is about to be completed and Putin would like to unveil it, the Israeli official said.
Putin last visited Israel in April 2005, when Ariel Sharon was prime minister. The highly irregular visit took place on Passover, with only three weeks' notice. Israel lobbied unsuccessfully to get the visit postponed.
This story "Putin Is Planning June Visit to Israel" was written by Haaretz.


Best place to work during the Summer?
For someone that has never been to Alaska, what do you guys think is the best place to work?
Wow Colby - that is a tough one to answer. I guess it depends on what YOU want. I live in Southeast AK and love it here. In SE you will have lots of opportunity for work on or around the water. Since SE is a huge archipeligo there is a lot of work on boats, fishing lodges and flightseeing companies. If you love (or want to learn & love) water/fishing/diving/boating I definately recommend checking out SE. I have traveled in the interior and for spectacular mountain ranges, hiking and camping there is not much better.
If you are interested in working on or around the water check out the listings for the company I work for Allen Marine Tours.
But remember, where ever you go it will be awesome - it's Alaska !! Hope this helps just a little!
I can't believe how many opportunities are available in Alaska as compared to the "mainland". It's unreal.
I worked at the Mt. McKinley Princess Lodge as well and I loved it. It was an incredible experiance and it makes it easy to go explore. I'm going back this Summer.
Hey Laurie! I'll be starting at Allen Marine in April! Do you love it? How hard was it finding adequate housing?
Hi Meaghan - I'll be working for Allen Marine too starting in May. Will you be in Ketchikan by any chance?
Laurie B, you still on here? Tell me more about Allen Marine!?
This past summer I worked in interior in Alaska in Denali National Park, and it was the best experince ever. There is so much to do around Denali and being an employee, you get alot of discounts. The hiking and backpacking has to be some of the best in the country...it's unreal! There are also a few cities surrounding Denali, and they have very fun festivals throughout the summer. Although the scenary is amazing, the people are what makes Denali NP so awesome. I never made it to the Southern part, but the interior was good enough for me. I would go back to Alaska in a heartbeat; you're going to fall in love with it!
I totally agree Caitlyn, the people that work in Denali are the best part. I met people there this past summer and we all moved to Girdwood, AK together because we formed such an amazing bond this summer. The festivals are more fun than any I ever went to down in the lower 48 and I honestly can't wait for the summer to get here so I can get back up to Denali.
I would go Southeast too. I didn't get to go up any further than Juneau but what I saw around that area was absolutely amazing. Look up Glacier Bay Lodge. The room and board is reasonable, plus you get to ride the tour boat for free. The lodge provides you with kayaks and bikes, as well as a company vehicle to go into "town" with if you want to. The people you will meet are absolutely amazing. Apply to be a boat steward and you get to talk to people all day long, as well as learn all about how to work on a huge boat. You also get to see the animals every day, and the glaciers are amazing! This place is definitely a once in a lifetime experience and you have to see it! The town is about 400 people in the summer so you get to meet everyone basically lol. You definitely have to be willing to spend your summer in a totally different mindset. Gustavus doesn't have any malls, no movie theaters, and one pizza place. It gives you the total Alaska experience!
I love the area on the Kenai peninsula, particularly Seward. I now live 30 miles from Mt. McKinley and work for Princess at their McKinley Princess Lodge. I echo some of the statements about the interior. I love it here. The mountains are breathtaking, there are great hiking and fishing opportunities, and the weather is really favorable, not as much rain as in Southeast. Also, not too hard to get to Anchorage which offers a lot and is a cool city to spend some time in. Yes it is a city, but there are some really cool places to go there as well.
Cooper Landing brother. Cooper Landing!!! It is sweet. And there is a ton of employment oppurtunity. Just go on Google and type in Cooper Landing and they have a website with all the adventure and fishing outfitters that are in the town. The Kenia and Russian River are in that town and those river are SICK for salmon fishing. Check it out.
Too bad we can't add a poll!


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How long can celery grow from water alone?
I bought some celery and placed the small remaining stalk in a glass of water. It's been growing pretty decently but still has no roots. Still mostly green maybe a tiny bit a yellow on a couple leaves.
I was thinking of waiting until I saw the stalk begin to root as an indication that the plant was beginning to look for something else.
When should I put it in soil? Do I need to put it in soil?
vegetables roots propagation repotting
Sue Saddest Farewell TGO GL
EnigmaEnigma
What do you mean it's growing? Is it putting out new leaves? Or is it just not dying quickly? – Graham Chiu Mar 4 '16 at 4:08
It's putting out new leaves/stem growth. – Enigma Mar 4 '16 at 4:14
I'd it's growing like that if keep it in a nutrient solution such as fish water until it roots. Without roots it will die planted into soil. – Graham Chiu Mar 4 '16 at 4:16
It depends. I'm currently grown some philodendron vines in water for propagation purposes. They will stay in water for a long time with no ill effect. However, I believe that all the plants growing is coming from it's own energy stores. Eventually those will run out.
You'll need to replace those. Whether that's in dirt or water is up to you. I'm sure you can keep it in the water, since that would be aquaponics, but you'd definitely have to add nutrients to the water and make sure they stayed balance. Also, with aquaponics, you often have to put an air bubbler in the bottom so that oxygen is getting to the roots. If not, it's like taking a potted plant with no drain holes and filling it up with water. The roots will rot.
So the answer is no, you don't have to take it out of the water, but the effort and money it might take to set it up for long term sustainability might not be worth it when you can pop it into a pot with some soil.
However, celery is cheap. I suggest you buy a bundle of it and pop a cut off stalk in multiple jars of water. Set them up differently. Maybe three in straight water, three in water that has miracle grow fertilizer mixed in, and three that you pop into different types of media you keep wet. It could be sphagnum moss and perlite, miracle grow, and clay hydro balls. Just set up an experiment with different variables to test. Take notes and take pictures. I'd be interested to see what you come up with. Also, light intensity would be something cool to play with. You could have one from each group by a window sill, by natural light, but with a lamp nearby, and just with a 6500k daylight bulb in a lamp. Good luck, I hope this answered your question.
I was thinking of waiting until I saw the stalk begin to root. So far it has not. Do you think this is a good indication? Roots technically aren't necessary if everything it needs is right up under the plant but if for instance it needs some nutrients I would think it would start "searching" with root growth, ya? – Enigma Mar 3 '16 at 21:36
I would definitely wait for roots before potting it up, unless you're starting a cutting in media. I believe that celery just naturally absorbs liquid through the cut. I seem to remember some kids experiment where you'd put food coloring in the water and it would suck it up, affecting the color. However, plants have roots for a reason. They're efficient at taking up water and nutrients and help keep disease out. I figure the celery is currently just using it's stored energy and the water is keeping it from dehydrating, but I don't know if it's taking up nutrients. I think you're doing good. – Dalton Mar 4 '16 at 13:30
It's a rather delicate balancing act. While the plant is "growing" in water alone, it is using up its internal resources of nutrients stored in the sap, etc. It doesn't need to grow roots, and growing roots would simply be wasting its energy resources. However when its internal nutrients begin to run out, it will start growing roots, and may even try to flower, to preserve its own existence, or at least set seed to produce a new generation. But that means that when the plant has started to produce roots, it won't survive long unless those roots find some nutrient-rich soil to grow in. – alephzero Aug 25 '18 at 8:13
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tag Archives: Regent of France
August 2, 1674: Birth of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France.
Posted by liamfoley63 in Duchy/Dukedom of Europe, Featured Royal, Kingdom of Europe, Regent, Royal Birth, Royal Genealogy, Royal House, Royal Mistress, Royal Succession, Royal Titles, This Day in Royal History
Duchess of Berry, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, Louis XIV of France and Navarre, Louis XV of France and Navarre, Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Philippe II of Orleans, Regent of France
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (Philippe Charles; August 2, 1674 – December 2, 1723), was a French royal, soldier, and statesman who served as Regent of the Kingdom of France from 1715 to 1723. He is also referred to as le Régent.
Philippe Charles was the son of Monsieur Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, (September 21, 1640 – June 9, 1701), was the younger son of King Louis XIII of France and Navarre and his wife, Infanta Anne of Austria.
Philippe Charles' mother, Infanta Anne of Austria, she was the eldest daughter of King Felipe III of Spain and his wife (his first-cousin, once-removed) Archduchess Margaret of Austria. Anne of Austria held the titles of Infanta of Spain and of Portugal (since her father was king of Portugal as well as Spain) and Archduchess of Austria.
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France
Despite her Spanish birth, she was referred to as Anne of Austria because the rulers of Spain belonged to the senior branch of the House of Austria, known later as the House of Habsburg, a designation relatively uncommon before the 19th century.
Philippe Charles' father Philippe I Duke of Orléans, who's older brother was the "Sun King", Louis XIV of France and Navarre. Philippe I was styled Duke of Anjou from birth, Philippe became Duke of Orléans upon the death of his uncle Gaston in 1660.
In March 1661, Monsieur Philippe I, Duke of Orleans, married his first cousin Princess Henrietta of England, known as Madame at court; she was the sister of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland.
The marriage was stormy; Henrietta was a famed beauty, sometimes depicted as flirtatious by those at the court of Versailles. Nonetheless, the marriage produced three children: Marie Louise, later Queen of Spain; Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois, who died in infancy; and Anne Marie, who became Queen of Sardinia.
Madame Henriette died at Saint-Cloud in 1670; rumors abounded that she had been poisoned by her husband or his long-term lover, the Chevalier de Lorraine; the two would remain together till the death of the Duke of Orléans in 1701.
In the following year, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans wed Princess Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, only daughter of Charles I Ludwig, Elector Palatine, and Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Cassel.
The new Duchess of Orléans, who had converted from Protestantism to Catholicism just before entering France, was popular at court upon her arrival in 1671.
In 1673 the Duke Philippe and Duchess Elisabeth Charlotte had a son named Alexandre Louis, another short-lived Duke of Valois. The next year, the Duchess gave birth to Philippe Charles d'Orléans, the future Regent, at the Château de Saint-Cloud, some ten kilometers west of Paris.
As the grandson of King Louis XIII of France, Philippe Charles was a petit-fils de France. This entitled him to the style of Royal Highness from birth, as well as the right to be seated in an armchair in the king's presence.
At his birth, he was titled Duke of Chartres and was formally addressed as Monseigneur le Duc de Chartres. As the second living son of his parents, his birth was not greeted with the enthusiasm the Duke of Valois had received in 1673.
In 1676, his three year old, older brother, Alexandre Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Valois died at the Palais-Royal in Paris, making Philippe Charles the new heir to the House of Orléans; the future heirs of the Duke of Orléans would be known as the Duke of Chartres (Duc de Chartres) for the next century.
His distraught mother was pregnant at the time with Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (1676–1744), future Duchess and regent of Lorraine. Élisabeth Charlotte and Philippe would always remain close.
The Duke of Chartres grew up at his father's "private" court held at Saint-Cloud, and in Paris at the Palais-Royal, the Parisian residence of the Orléans family until the arrest of (his grandson) Philippe Égalité in April 1793 during the French Revolution. The Palais-Royal was frequented by, among others, Marie Anne Mancini, Duchess of Bouillon, part of Philippe's father's libertine circle.
On February 18, 1692, the 18 year old Philippe Charles married his 14 year old first cousin Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter (légitimée de France) of King Louis XIV and his maîtresse-en-titre, Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart, Marquise de Montespan.
Françoise Marie de Bourbon
King Louis XIV offered a dowry of two million livres with his daughter's hand (not to be paid until the Nine Years' War was over), as well as the Palais-Royal for the bridegroom's parents. Upon hearing that her son had agreed to the marriage, Philippe Charles's mother slapped his face in full view of the court and turned her back on the king as he bowed to her.
The young couple, mismatched from the start, never grew to like each other, and soon the young Philippe Charles gave his wife the nickname of Madame Lucifer. In spite of this, they had eight children.
There were contemporary rumors of an incestuous relationship between the Philippe Charles and his daughter, Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Duchess of Berry. These rumors were never confirmed, although Philippe Charles reacted to them by demonstrating affectionate behavior towards her at court. The rumors were also used by the opposition during his period as regent, and were the inspiration of libelous songs and poems
Court life
On the death of his father in June 1701, Philippe Charles inherited the Dukedoms of Orléans, Anjou, Montpensier and Nemours, as well as the princedom of Joinville. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans had died at Saint-Cloud after an argument with Louis XIV at Marly about Chartres' flaunting his pregnant mistress, Marie-Louise de Séry, before Françoise Marie. It has also been claimed that Philippe became so infuriated with Louis for not paying his daughter's dowry that he suffered a stroke.
After inheriting his father's titles Philippe Charles became known as Philippe II, Duke of Orléans.
Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Duchess of Berry
In 1715 with the death of Louis XIV and the accession of his grandson as King Louis XV, Philippe II was named regent of France during the minority of Louis XV, his great-nephew and first cousin twice removed, the period of his de facto rule was known as the Regency (French: la Régence) (1715–23).
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans had a difficult time gaining the regency. I have written about that before and will repost that information tomorrow.
Throughout his life Philippe II had many mistresses; his wife came to prefer living quietly at Saint-Cloud, the Palais-Royal, or her house at Bagnolet. His most famous mistress was arguably Marie-Thérèse de Parabère, who was his main mistress during almost the entire regency, with other high profile affairs being those with Madame de Sabran, Madame d'Averne and Marie-Thérèse Blonel de Phalaris.
Upon the death of the Henri Jules, prince de Condé in 1709, the rank of Premier Prince du Sang passed from the House of Condé to the House of Orléans. Philippe was thus entitled to the style of Monsieur le Prince. But the rank of petit-fils de France being higher than that of premier prince, Philippe did not change his style; nor did his son or other heirs make use of the Monsieur le Prince style, which had been so long associated with the cadet branch of the Princes de Condé that the heads of the House of Orléans preferred to be known at court by their ducal title.
Philippe II, The Duke of Orléans died at Versailles in 1723.
August 4, 1703: Birth of Louis, Duke of Orléans. Part I.
Posted by liamfoley63 in Featured Royal, Happy Birthday, Kingdom of Europe, Royal Genealogy, Royal House, Royal Succession, Royal Titles, This Day in Royal History
Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, King Louis XIV of France, King of France, Louis d'Orléans, Louis XIV, Philippe II Duke of Orleans, Regent of France
Louis, Duke of Orléans (August 4, 1703 – February 4, 1752) was a member of the royal family of France, the House of Bourbon, and as such was a prince du sang. At his father's death, he became the First Prince of the Blood (Premier Prince du Sang). Known as Louis le Pieux and also as Louis le Génovéfain, Louis was a pious, charitable and cultured prince, who took very little part in the politics of the time.
Louis, Duke of Orléans
Louis d'Orléans was born at the Palace of Versailles in 1703 to Philippe II, Duke of Orléans and his wife, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter of King Louis XIV of France and Navarre and of his mistress Madame de Montespan. He was the only son of eight children, and at his birth, he was given the courtesy title of Duke of Chartres as the heir to the Orléans fortune and titles. His maternal grandfather, the king, in addition gave him the allowance reserved for the First Prince of the Blood, a rank he was not yet eligible to hold.
Louis was very close to his younger sister Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, who was to become Queen of Spain for seven months in 1724. He was not, however, close to his older sister, Charlotte-Aglaé d'Orléans, the wife of Francesco d'Este, Duke of Modena. They were in frequent conflict during her many return visits to the French court from Modena
Upon the death of his maternal grandfather Louis XIV in 1715, his father (the old king's nephew) was selected to be the regent of the country for the five-year-old new king, Louis XV. The court was moved to Paris so his father could govern the country with the young king close by his side. Louis XV was installed in the Palais du Louvre opposite the Palais-Royal, the Paris home of the Orléans family.
Françoise-Marie de Bourbon
During the regency, Orléans was seen as the "third personage of the kingdom" immediately after Louis XV and his own father, the Regent. He was formally admitted to the Conseil de Régence on January 30, 1718. Despite his father's wishes, though, Orléans was never to play an overly public or political role in France. The following year, he was made the governor of the Dauphiné. He was not forced, however, to move there in order to fulfill his new duties. Later, he resigned.
Upon the death of his father on December 2, 1723, the twenty-year-old Louis assumed the hereditary title of Duke of Orléans and became the head of the House of Orléans. He also became the next in line to the throne of France until the birth of Louis XV's first-born son in 1729.
This was because King Felipe V of Spain, the second son of Louis, the Grand Dauphin and uncle of the young king, had renounced his rights to the French throne for himself, and his descendants, upon his accession to the throne of Spain in 1700.
Although the Regent had hoped that his son would assume as prominent a role in government as he had, the post of prime minister went to Louis' older cousin, Louis-Henri, Duke of Bourbon, when the Regent died. Constantly trying to consolidate and maintain his power at court, the Duke of Bourbon was always suspicious of Louis' motivations and was frequently opposed to him.
In 1723, Orléans was conspicuous for his hostility to the former prime minister, Cardinal Dubois. Orléans also worked with Claude le Blanc and Nicolas Prosper Bauyn d'Angervilliers in the post of Secretary of State for War; Louis himself worked in this position from 1723–1730
May 14, 1610: Assassination of Henri IV, King of France and Navarre. Part II.
Posted by liamfoley63 in Featured Monarch, Kingdom of Europe, Royal Mistress, Royal Succession, royal wedding, This Day in Royal History
Assassination, Catherine-Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues, Edict of Nantes, Gabrielle d'Estrées, King Henri IV of France and Navarre, Lorenzo the Magnificent, Marie de' Medici, Princess Marguerite de Valois of France, Queen of France, Regent of France, Royal Mistress
In the last installment of this series we left of with the marriage of King Henri IV of France and Navarre to Marie de' Medici (April 26, 1575 – July 3, 1642) after the annulment of his marriage to Princess Marguerite de Valois of France in 1599.
Marie de' Medici
Marie de' Medici was born at the Palazzo Pitti of Florence, the sixth daughter of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Archduchess Joanna of Austria, the youngest daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.
Marie was not a male-line descendant of Lorenzo the Magnificent but from Lorenzo the Elder, a branch of the Medici family sometimes referred to as the 'cadet' branch. She did descend from Lorenzo in the female line however, through his daughter Lucrezia de' Medici. She was also a Habsburg through her mother, who was a direct descendant of Joanna of Castile and Felipe I of Castile, Archduke of Austria.
King Henri IV was almost 47 and Marie de' Medici was 25 when they married in October of 1600. After the annulment dynastic considerations required him to take a second wife, his first spouse, Princess Marguerite de Valois, never produced children with Henri. The King chose Marie de' Medici because HenrI "owed the bride's father, Francesco de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, who had helped support his war effort, a whopping 1,174,000 écus and this was the only means Henry could find to pay back the debt…."
King Henri IV of France and Navarre.
The wedding ceremony was held in Florence, and was celebrated by four thousand guests with lavish entertainment, including examples of the newly invented musical genre of opera, such as Jacopo Peri's Euridice. Henry did not attend the ceremony, and the two were therefore married by proxy. Marie brought as part of her dowry 600,000 crowns. Her eldest son, the future King Louis XIII, was born at Fontainebleau the following year.
The marriage was successful in producing children, but it was not a happy one. Even after the marriage Henri continued with his long succession of mistresses. Queen Marie feuded with Henri's mistresses in language that shocked French courtiers. She quarreled mostly with her husband's leading mistress, Catherine-Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues.
Catherine-Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues, Marquise de Verneuil (1579–1633) who became the favorite mistress of Henri IV of France after Gabrielle d'Estrées died: her sister Marie-Charlotte de Balzac d'Entragues was also a mistress of King Henri. Both sisters were the daughter of Charles Balzac d'Entragues and his wife Marie Touchet, who was formerly the sole mistress of King Charles IX of France.
Catherine-Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues
King Henri often promised he would marry following the death of his former "official mistress", Gabrielle d'Estrées.
Gabrielle d'Estrées, Duchess of Beaufort and Verneuil, Marchioness of Monceaux (1573-1599) was a confidante and adviser and favorite mistress of Henri IV. She persuaded Henri to renounce Protestantism in favour of Catholicism in 1593. Later she urged French Catholics to accept the Edict of Nantes, which granted certain rights to the Protestants. It was legally impossible for the king to marry her, because he was already married to Princess Marguerite de Valois, but he acknowledged Gabrielle as the mother of three of his children, and as "the subject most worthy of our friendship".
Gabrielle d'Estrées, Duchess of Beaufort and Verneuil, Marchioness of Monceaux
After Gabrielle d'Estrées death in 1599 King Henri failed to keep his promise and marry Catherine-Henriette de Balzac and instead married Marie de' Medici that next year. That resulted in Catherine-Henriette de Balzac and Queen Marie in competition for the affections of the king; there was was constant bickering and political intrigues behind the scenes.
Catherine-Henriette de Balzac referred to Queen Marie as "the fat banker's daughter"; Henri used Marie for breeding purposes, which was exactly as Henri II of France had treated his wife, Catherine de' Medici. Although Henri could have easily banished his mistress, supporting his queen, he never did so. Queen Marie, in turn, showed great sympathy and support to her husband's banished ex-wife Marguerite de Valois, prompting Henri to allow her back into the realm.
King Henri IV
During his reign, Henri IV worked through his faithful right-hand man, the minister Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, to regularize state finance, promote agriculture, drain swamps, undertake public works, and encourage education. He established the Collège Royal Henri-le-Grand in La Flèche (today the Prytanée Militaire de la Flèche). He and Sully protected forests from further devastation, built a system of tree-lined highways, and constructed bridges and canals. He had a 1200-metre canal built in the park at the Château Fontainebleau (which may be fished today) and ordered the planting of pines, elms, and fruit trees.
The King restored Paris as a great city, with the Pont Neuf, which still stands today, constructed over the river Seine to connect the Right and Left Banks of the city. Henri IV also had the Place Royale built (since 1800 known as Place des Vosges), and added the Grande Galerie to the Louvre Palace. More than 400 metres long and thirty-five metres wide, this huge addition was built along the bank of the Seine River.
At the time it was the longest edifice of its kind in the world. King Henri IV, a promoter of the arts by all classes of people, invited hundreds of artists and craftsmen to live and work on the building's lower floors. This tradition continued for another two hundred years, until Emperor Napoleon I banned it. The art and architecture of his reign have become known as the "Henri IV style" since that time.
During the reign of Henri IV, rivalry continued among France, the Habsburg rulers of Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire for the mastery of Western Europe. The conflict was not resolved until after the Thirty Years' War.
HenrI IV proved to be a man of vision and courage. Instead of waging costly wars to suppress opposing nobles, Henri simply paid them off. As king, he adopted policies and undertook projects to improve the lives of all subjects, which made him one of the country's most popular rulers ever. Henri is said to have originated the oft-repeated phrase "a chicken in every pot".
This statement epitomises the peace and relative prosperity which Henri IV brought to France after decades of religious war, and demonstrates how well he understood the plight of the French worker and peasant farmer. This real concern for the living conditions of the "lowly" population—who in the final analysis provided the economic basis for the power of the king and the great nobles—was perhaps without parallel among the kings of France. Following his death Henry would be remembered fondly by most of the population.
Henri was the subject of numerous attempts on his life, including one by Pierre Barrière in August 1593 and Jean Châtel in December 1594.
Despite being married to the king since 1600 Queen Marie never had a coronation. This was rectified when Marie was crowned Queen of France on May 13, 1610, a day before her husband's death.
Assassination of King Henri IV
King Henri IV was assassinated in Paris on May 14, 1610 by a Catholic fanatic, François Ravaillac, who stabbed him in the Rue de la Ferronnerie. Henri IV's coach was stopped by traffic congestion associated with the celebrations of Queen's coronation, as depicted in the engraving by Gaspar Bouttats. Hercule de Rohan, duc de Montbazon, was with him when he was killed; Montbazon was wounded, but survived. Henri IV was buried at the Saint Denis Basilica.
Queen Marie de' Medici, Regent of France.
Hours after Henri IV's assassination, Queen Marie was confirmed as Regent by the Parliament of Paris for her young son, the new nine-year-old King Louis XIII. Queen Marie would serve as Regent until 1617. Queen Marie immediately banished Henry's mistress, Catherine Henriette de Balzac, from the court.
May 10, 1774: Death of King Louis XV of France & Navarre. Part I.
Posted by liamfoley63 in Featured Monarch, Kingdom of Europe, Royal Genealogy, Royal House, Royal Succession, This Day in Royal History
Emperor Peter I of Russia, Henry IV of France, King Louis XIV of France and Navarre, King Louis XVI of France, King of Navarre, le Bien-Aimé, Louis XIII of France, Louis XV of France., Peter the Great, Philippe II Duke of Orleans, Regent of France, The Beloved
Louis XV (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France and Navarre from September 1, 1715 until his death on May 10, 1774.
Young Louis XV, King of France and Navarre.
Louis XV was the great-grandson of Louis XIV and the third son of the Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1682–1712), and his wife Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy, the eldest daughter of Duke Vittorio-Amedeo II of Savoy and of Anne-Marie d'Orléans. Louis XV's mother Anne-Marie d'Orléans was the daughter of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV, and Henrietta of England. As the maternal grandmother of King Louis XV, Henrietta of England also brought in more blood from the House of Bourbon as the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and his wife, Henrietta Maria of France, the youngest daughter of Henri IV of France (Henri III of Navarre) and his second wife, Marie de' Medici.
Louis, Duke of Burgundy, father of Louis XV.
Louis XV's father, Louis, Duke of Burgundy was the eldest son of the young 21-year-old Dauphin, Louis, who would later be called le Grand Dauphin, and his wife, Maria-Anna-Victoria of Bavaria. Louis, le Grand Dauphin was the eldest son of Louis XIV of France and Navarre and his first wife, Infanta Maria-Theresa of Spain, born an Infanta of Spain and Portugal at the Royal Monastery of El Escorial, she was the daughter of Felipe IV-III, King of Spain and Portugal and his wife Elisabeth of France, the eldest daughter of King Henri IV of France and his second spouse Marie de' Medici.
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy, mother of Louis XV.
Maria-Anna-Victoria of Bavaria, the wife of Louis, le Grand Dauphin, was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand-Maria, Elector of Bavaria and his wife Princess Henriette-Adelaide of Savoy. Her maternal grandparents were Vitoria-Amedeo I, Duke of Savoy and Christine-Marie of France, the second daughter of Henri IV of France and Marie de' Medici, thus her husband the dauphin was her second cousin.
Louis, le Grand Dauphin, Grandfather of Louis XV.
Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, Grandmother of Louis XV.
Louis XV was a great-great-great grandson of the first French Bourbon King, Henri IV and a descendent through his eldest son Louis XIII. However, as we've seen, Louis XV also descended from Henri IV through all three of his daughters, Elisabeth, Christine-Marie and Henrietta-Maria.
Louis XIV, King of France and Navarre, great-grandfather of Louis XV.
Infanta Maria-Theresa of Spain and Portugal, Archduchess of Austria, great-grandmother of Louis XV.
Becoming Heir to the Throne
Louis XV was born in the Palace of Versailles on February 15, 1710 during the reign of his great-grandfather, Louis XIV. When he was born, he was created the Duke of Anjou. The possibility of his becoming King seemed very remote; King Louis XIV's oldest son and heir, Louis Le Grand Dauphin, Louis's father (Louis, Duke of Burgundy) and his elder surviving brother (Louis, Duke of Brittany) were ahead of him in the succession.
However, the Grand Dauphin died of smallpox on April 14, 1711. On February 12, 1712 the mother of Louis, Marie-Adélaïde, was stricken with measles and died, followed on February 18, by Louis's father, the former Duke of Burgundy, who was next in line for the throne. On March 7, it was found that both Louis and his older brother, (also named Louis) the former Duke of Brittany, who was now the new Dauphin, had the measles. The two brothers were treated in the traditional way, with bleeding. On the night of 8–9 March, the new Dauphin died from the combination of the disease and the treatment. The governess of Louis, Madame de Ventadour, would not allow the doctors to bleed Louis further; he was very ill but survived and was now the new dauphin and sole heir to his great-grandfather's throne. When Louis XIV died on September 1, 1715, Louis, at the age of five, inherited the throne and became King Louis XV of France and Navarre.
The Ordinance of Vincennes from 1374 required that the kingdom be governed by a regent until Louis XV reached the age of thirteen. The title of Regent was given to his nearest relative, his cousin Philippe II, the Duke of Orleans, son of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, (brother of Louis XIV) and his wife, Elisabeth-Charlotte of the Palatinate, daughter of Charles I Ludwig, Elector Palatine of the Simmern branch of the House of Wittelsbach, and Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel.
Philippe II, the Duke of Orleans, Regent of France
Elisabeth-Charlotte of the Palatinate is directly related to several iconic European monarchs. Her grandmother, Elizabeth Stuart was a Scottish and later English princess, daughter of King James VI-I of England, Scotland and Ireland and she was the granddaughter of Mary I, Queen of Scots. Her first cousin became George I, the first Hanover King of Great Britain. Through her daughter, Élisabeth-Charlotte d'Orléans who married Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate was the great-grandmother of Archduchess Marie-Antoinette of Austria the wife of King Louis XVI of France and Navarre.
The Regent and Louis XV
In February 1717, when Louis XV reached the age of seven, he was taken from his governess Madame Ventadour and placed in the care of François de Villeroy, the 73-year-old Duke and Maréchal de France, named as his governor in Louis XIV's will of August 1714. Villeroy instructed the young King in court etiquette, taught him how to review a regiment, and how to receive royal visitors.
Louis XV's guests included the Russian Tsar Peter I the Great in 1717; contrary to ordinary protocol, the two-meter-tall Tsar picked up Louis and kissed him. Louis also learned the skills of horseback riding and hunting, which became the great passion of the young King. In 1720, following the example of Louis XIV, Villeroy had the young Louis dance in public in two ballets at the Tuileries Palace on February 24, 1720, and again in The Ballet des Elements on December 31, 1721. The shy Louis evidently did not enjoy the experience; he never danced in another ballet.
Tsar Peter I of Russia holding King Louis XV of France
End of the Regency
On June 15, 1722, as Louis XV approached his thirteenth birthday, the year of his majority, he left Paris and moved back to Versailles, where he had happy memories of his childhood, but where he was far from the reach of public opinion. On 25 October, Louis was crowned King at the Cathedral of Reims. On February 15, 1723, the king's majority was declared by the Parlement of Paris, officially ending the regency. In the beginning of Louis's reign, the Duke of Orleans continued to manage the government, and took the title of Prime Minister in August 1723, but while visiting his mistress, far from the court and medical care, Orleans died in December of the same year. Following the advice of his preceptor Fleury, Louis XV appointed his cousin Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, to replace the late Duke of Orléans as prime minister.
Young Louis XV, King of France and Navarre
April 13, 1747: Birth of Louis Philippe II , Duke d'Orléans (Philippe Égalité). Part I.
Posted by liamfoley63 in Featured Royal, Kingdom of Europe, Royal Genealogy, Royal House, Royal Succession, This Day in Royal History
Duke of Orleans, French Revolution, Louis Philippe II, Louis XVI of France, Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Philippe Égalité, Philippe II Duke of Orleans, Prince Du Sang, Regent of France
Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans (April 13, 1747 – November 6, 1793), most commonly known as Philippe. Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans was the son of Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres, and Louise Henriette de Bourbon. Philippe was a member of the House of Orléans, a cadet branch of the French royal family. His mother came from the House of Bourbon-Condé.
Philippe was born at the Château de Saint Cloud, one of the residences of the Duke of Orléans, five kilometers west of Paris. His older sister, born in 1745, died when she was six months old. His younger sister, Bathilde d'Orléans, was born in 1750.
Philippe's first title, given to him at birth, was that of the Duke of Montpensier. After his grandfather's death in 1752, Philippe inherited the title of Duke of Chartres. After his father's death in 1785, Philippe became the Duke of Orléans, head of the House of Orléans, one of the wealthiest noble families in France. At his father's death, Philippe became the Premier Prince du Sang, First Prince of the Blood, which put him in line for the succession to the throne immediately after the comte d'Artois, the youngest brother of Louis XV. He held the style, Son Altesse Sérénissime (S.A.S.), His Serene Highness.
Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
On June 6, 1769, Louis Philippe married Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon at the chapel of the Palace of Versailles. She was the daughter of his cousin, Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre, one of the richest men in France.
Louise Henriette was born in Paris, the only daughter of Louis Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti and Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon and of Princess Maria Theresa Felicitas of Modena. At the death of her brother, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon-Penthièvre, prince de Lamballe, she became the wealthiest heiress in France prior to the French Revolution. Her father was the second son of François Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Conti known as le Grand Conti and his wife Marie Thérèse de Bourbon. Her paternal grandmother and her maternal grandfather being siblings, her parents were first cousins. Her mother was the oldest and favourite daughter of Louise-Françoise de Bourbon, herself the oldest of the surviving legitimised daughters of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, Louise Henriette was a Princess of the Blood (princesse du sang).In her youth she was known at court as Mademoiselle de Conti.
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon
After his wife would became the richest woman in France upon the death of her father, Louis Philippe was able to play a political role in court equal to that of his great-grandfather Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who had been the Regent of France during the minority of Louis XV. Louise Marie Adélaïde brought to the already wealthy House of Orléans a considerable dowry of six million livres, an annual income of 240,000 livres (later increased to 400,000 livres), as well as lands, titles, residences and furniture. Unlike her husband, the Duchess of Orléans did not support the Revolution. She was a devout Catholic who supported keeping the monarchy in France, as well as following the orders of Pope Pius VI. This was the causes of one of the rifts of the couple.
During the first few months of their marriage, the couple appeared devoted to each other, but the Duke went back to the life of libertinage he had led before his marriage. The Duke was a well-known womanizer and, like several of his ancestors, such as Louis XIV and Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, had several illegitimate children.
During the summer of 1772, the Duke began his secret liaison with one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting, Stéphanie Félicité Ducrest de St-Albin, comtesse de Genlis, the niece of Madame de Montesson, the morganatic wife of Philippe's father. Passionate at first, the liaison cooled within a few months and, by the spring of 1773, was reported to be "dead". After the romantic affair was over, Madame de Genlis remained in the service of Marie-Adélaïde at the Palais-Royal, a trusted friend to both the Duke and the Duchess.
They both appreciated her intelligence and, in July 1779, she became the governess of the couple's twin daughters (born in 1777). One of his most known lovers was Grace Elliot.
It was alleged that Lady Edward FitzGerald, born Stephanie Caroline Anne Syms, also known as Pamela, was a natural daughter of the Duke and the Countess of Genlis. He recognized a son he had with Marguerite Françoise Bouvier de la Mothe de Cépoy, comtesse de Buffon, Victor Leclerc de Buffon (September 6, 1792 – 20, April 1812), known as the chevalier de Saint-Paul and chevalier d'Orléans.
Military career
In 18th century France, it was very common for royal princes to receive high positions in the military. From a young age, Philippe d'Orléans displayed his interest in the Marine royale (French Royal Navy), from which he received three years of training. Due to his great relationship with Marine royale officials, the French army entrusted him with the command of a French fleet squadron called the Saint-Esprit in a battle against Great Britain at Ouessant during the American Revolutionary War in 1778.
When he did not obey the comte d'Orvilliers's orders to close in on the rear British squadron, the British escaped, leading him to lose this battle. However, this gave a false impression of victory. The next day, the people of Paris greeted him with open arms, calling him a "hero of war." When the news got out that the victory was false, Philippe could never recover. He withdrew from the navy and asked the army if they could give him a position, but it was denied.
This date in History: December 2, 1723. Death of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Regent of the Kingdom of France and Navarre.
02 Monday Dec 2019
Posted by liamfoley63 in Featured Royal, Kingdom of Europe, Royal Genealogy, Royal Succession, This Day in Royal History
Duke of Orleans, House of Bourbon, King Louis XIV of France and Navarre, Kingdom of France, Louis XV of France., Philippe II of Orleans, Philippe of Orleans, Princess Henrietta Anne of England, Regent of France
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (Philippe Charles; August 2, 1674 – December 2, 1723), was a member of the Royal Family of France and served as Regent of the Kingdom from 1715 to 1723. Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth under the title of Duke of Chartres. His father was Louis XIV's younger brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, his mother was Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate.
Philippe II's mother, Princess Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate was born on May 27, 1652 in Heidelberg Castle, to Carl I Ludwig, Elector Palatine of the Simmern branch of the House of Wittelsbach, and Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Cassel. She is directly related to several iconic European monarchs. Her grandmother Elizabeth Stuart was a Scottish and later English princess, daughter of James I-VI of England and Scotland and granddaughter of Mary I, Queen of Scots. Her first cousin became George I, the first Hanoverian King of Great Britain. Through her daughter, she was the great-grandmother of Queen Marie Antoinette of France and Navarre, wife of Louis XVI of France and Navarre.
Princess Henrietta Anne of England
In March 1661, his father, Philippe I Duke of Orléans, married his first cousin Princess Henrietta Anne of England, known as Madame at court. She was youngest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and his wife, Henrietta Maria of France, the youngest daughter of King Henri IV of France and Navarre and his second wife, Marie de' Medici.
The marriage was stormy; Henrietta was a famed beauty, sometimes depicted as flirtatious by those at the court of Versailles. A year into the marriage, Henrietta gave birth to a daughter later baptised Marie Louise. The paternity of the child was doubted by some of the court, who insinuated Louis XIV or the Count of Guiche was the father. Henrietta and Guiche may have started an affair early in her marriage, despite his having been an alleged former lover of Philippe I.
Nonetheless, the marriage produced three children: the aforementioned Marie Louise d'Orléans, future queen of Spain, (wife of Carlos II) who left France in 1679 when Philippe was just five; Philippe Charles (1664–1666), Duke of Valois; and Anne Marie d'Orléans, born at Saint-Cloud in 1669, later queen consort of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (they became the maternal grandparents of Philippe's future protégé Louis XV).
In the following year, the Duke of Orléans wed Princess Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, only daughter of Carl I Ludwig, Elector Palatine and Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Cassel. The new Duchess of Orléans, who had converted from Protestantism to Catholicism just before entering France, was popular at court upon her arrival in 1671 and quickly became the mother of Alexandre Louis d'Orléans in 1673, another short-lived Duke of Valois. The next year, the duchess gave birth to another son, Philippe Charles d'Orléans.
Philippe II Charles d'Orléans was born at the Château de Saint-Cloud, some ten kilometers west of Paris. As the grandson of King Louis XIII of France, Philippe was a petit-fils de France. This entitled him to the style of Royal Highness from birth, as well as the right to be seated in an armchair in the king's presence.
Philippe II Charles Duke d'Orléans
At his birth, he was titled Duke of Chartres and was formally addressed as Monseigneur le duc de Chartres. As the second living son of his parents, his birth was not greeted with the enthusiasm the Duke of Valois had received in 1673. In 1676, the Duke of Valois died at the Palais-Royal in Paris, making Philippe the new heir to the House of Orléans. His distraught mother was pregnant at the time with Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (1676–1744), future Duchess and regent of Lorraine. Élisabeth Charlotte and Philippe would always remain close.
Marriage with a foreign princess unlikely, or so Louis XIV told his brother, Philippe, also known as Monsieur, when persuading him to accept the king's legitimised daughter, Françoise Marie de Bourbon (known as Mademoiselle de Blois), as wife for Philippe. Her mother was Louis XIV's mistress, Madame de Montespan. The king offered a dowry of two million livres with his daughter's hand (not to be paid until the Nine Years' War was over, as well as the Palais-Royal for the bridegroom's parents. Upon hearing that her son had agreed to the marriage, Philippe's mother slapped his face in full view of the court and turned her back on the king as he bowed to her. Nonetheless, on February 18, 1692, the cousins were married.
On the death of his father in June 1701, Philippe inherited the dukedoms of Orléans, Anjou, Montpensier and Nemours, as well as the princedom of Joinville. Philippe had died at Saint-Cloud after an argument with his brother Louis XIV at Marly about Chartres' flaunting his pregnant mistress, Marie-Louise de Séry, before Françoise Marie. It has also been claimed that Philippe I became so infuriated with Louis for not paying his daughter's dowry that he suffered a paroxysm.
Throughout his life Philippe II had many mistresses; his wife came to prefer living quietly at Saint-Cloud, the Palais-Royal, or her house at Bagnolet. His most famous mistress was arguably Marie-Thérèse de Parabère.
On 29 July 1714, upon the insistence of his morganatic wife, the marquise de Maintenon, Louis XIV elevated his legitimised children to the rank of Princes of the Blood, which "entitled them to inherit the crown if the legitimate lines became extinct". Thus, Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of Maine and Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse were officially inserted into the line of hereditary succession following all of the legitimate, acknowledged princes du sang. Louis XIV's Will left the Regency in the hands of, Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of Maine.
Louis XIV died at Versailles on September 1, 1715, and was succeeded by his five-year-old great-grandson, Louis XV. On September 2, the Duke of Orléans went to meet the parlementaires in the Grand-Chambre du Parlement in Paris in order to have Louis XIV's will annulled and his previous right to the regency restored. After a break that followed a much-heated session, the Parlement abrogated the recent codicil to Louis XIV's will and confirmed the Duke of Orléans as regent of France.
Young King Louis XV of France and Navarre.
On December 30, 1715, the regent decided to bring the young Louis XV from the château de Vincennes to the Tuileries Palace in Paris where he lived until his return to Versailles in June 1722. The regent governed from his Parisian residence, the Palais-Royal.
On the majority of the king, which was declared on February 15, 1723, the Duke stepped down as regent. At the death of Cardinal Dubois on 10 August of that year, the young king offered the Duke the position of prime minister, and he remained in that office until his death a few months later.
The regent died in Versailles on December 2, 1723, aged 49, in the arms of his mistress the duchesse de Falari. Louis XV mourned him greatly. The Duke of Bourbon took on the role of Prime Minister of France.
On December 3, the Duke of Orléans' body was taken to Saint-Cloud where funeral ceremonies began the following day. His heart was taken to the Val de Grâce church in Paris and his body to the Basilica of Saint Denis, (about 10 km north of Paris), the necropolis of the French kings and their family.


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Q: How to read a return from a class - android I have doing a file from the server,
and my idea is to pass the filesizedownloaded to a class and on my progressbar class get value to update the progress bar;
I have a function that passes a value to a class
this is how i try to pass the value

new updateValue(fileSizeDownloaded);

value gets stored here
       public class updateValue{
            private long v_value;
        public updateValue(long value) {
            v_value = value;
        }

        public long getV_value() { return v_value; };
    }

and from a different class I'm trying to get the value of getV_value but I keep getting an error; update(long) in update cannot be applied to 0
How can i get the value stored :/ all this is on mainactivity.java
updateValue value = new updateValue();
value.getV_value();

A: You didn't set the initial value when creating an instance of updateValue. Pass a value like this
long val = 1000; //can be any long value
updateValue value = new updateValue(val);
value.getValue();

A: What you can do is create a new class and extend Application
public class yourcalss extends Application {
      public long getValue() {
            return value;
        }

        public void setValue(long value_e) {
            value = value_e;
        }
}

This is how you save the value
final yourcalss value = (yourcalss ) getApplicationContext();
value.setValue(fileSizeDownloaded);

and this is how you can access the value
final yourcalss val = (yourcalss ) getApplicationContext();
final Long v = val.getValue();

and manifiest
<application android:name="yourcalss

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home / Literature / Mythology & Folklore / Arthur, King of the Britons / Cinema Arthuriana
Cinema Arthuriana
Twenty Essays, rev. ed.
Cinema Arthuriana quantity
SKU: 9780786446834 Categories: Arthur, King of the Britons, Film, Genre, Interdisciplinary Studies, Medieval Studies, Notable Figures, Popular Culture & Performing Arts, SF & Fantasy
The legends of King Arthur have not only endured for centuries, but also flourished in constant retellings and new stories built around the central themes. With the coming of motion pictures, Arthur was destined to hit the screen.
This edition of Cinema Arthuriana, revised in 2002, presents 20 essays on the topic of the recurring presence of the legend in film and television from 1904 to 2001. They cover such films as Excalibur (1981) and Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975), television productions such as The Mists of Avalon (2001), and French and German films about the quest for the Holy Grail and the other adventures of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.
Kevin J. Harty, professor and formerly chair of English and coordinator of the Undergraduate General Education Core at La Salle University in Philadelphia, is associate editor of Arthuriana, the official journal of the North American Branch of the International Arthurian Society (of which he is the former president). He has previously written or edited 14 books, including ground-breaking studies of depictions of the Middle Ages on film.
Edited by Kevin J. Harty
Bibliographic Info: 50 photos, notes, filmography, bibliography, index
The Contributors 3
1 Cinema Arthuriana: An Overview 7
2 Mythopoeia in Excalibur 34
3 Fire, Water, Rock: Elements of Setting in Excalibur and Merlin 44
4 Morgan and the Problem of Incest 54
5 An Enemy in Our Midst: The Black Knight and the American Dream 64
6 Tortilla Flat and the Arthurian View 71
7 The Retreat from Camelot: Adapting The Natural to Film 80
8 Cinematic American Camelots Lost and Found: The Film Versions of A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court and Knightriders 96
9 The Ironic Tradition in Four Arthurian Films 110
10 Two Films That Sparkle: The Sword in the Stone and Camelot 118
11 Monty Python and the Holy Grail: Madness with a Definite Method &nbsp 127
12 Not Dead Yet: Monty Python and the Holy Grail in the Twenty-first Century 136
13 The Arthurian Legend in French Cinema: Lancelot du Lac and Perceval le Gallois 149
14 From Stage to Screen: The Dramatic Compulsion in French Cinema and Les Chevaliers de la table ronde (1990) 163
15 Blank, Syberberg, and the German Arthurian Tradition 177
16 Gawain on Film (The Remake) 185
17 Will the "Reel" Mordred Please Stand Up? 199
18 Filming the Tristan Myth 211
19 Fable and Poésie in L'Éternel Retour (1943) 220
20 Arms and Armor in Arthurian Films 235
21 Cinema Arthuriana: A Comprehensive Filmography and Bibliography 252
"An essential and classic resource in the study of Arthurian film"—Arthuriana; "a useful volume that might readily serve as a textbook…Kevin J. Harty, the originator of the term 'cinema arthuriana,' is an expert bibliographer and surveyor of the field"—Parergon
YA & Children's
Arthur, King of the Britons
You're viewing: Cinema Arthuriana $39.95


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2020 Election Facts First Election 101
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Former intelligence leaders: Trump attempting to 'stifle free speech' by revoking Brennan's clearance
By Veronica Stracqualursi, CNN
Updated 4:08 PM EDT, Fri August 17, 2018
US President Donald Trump speaks as US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo (L) and US Deputy Secretary of Defense Patrick M. Shanahan look on during a cabinet meeting in the Cabinet Room of the White House on August 16, 2018 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Mandel NGAN / AFP) (Photo credit should read MANDEL NGAN/AFP/Getty Images)
PHOTO: MANDEL NGAN/AFP/Getty Images
Trump: Brennan led the 'rigged witch hunt'
PHOTO: CNN
Clapper: McRaven is a personal hero of mine
Ex-CIA official to Trump supporter: We're done
WASHINGTON, DC - MAY 09: National Security Adviser John Bolton speaks on a morning television show from the grounds of the White House, on May 9, 2018 in Washington, DC. Yesterday President Donald Trump announced that America was withdrawing from the Iran nuclear deal. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images)
PHOTO: Mark Wilson/Getty Images
WH defends decision to revoke clearances
PHOTO: MSNBC
Brennan walks back comment on Trump treason
WASHINGTON, DC - MAY 23: Former Director of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) John Brennan testifies before the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence on Capitol Hill, May 23, 2017 in Washington, DC. Brennan is discussing the extent of Russia's meddling in the 2016 U.S. presidential election and possible ties to the campaign of President Donald Trump. (Photo by Drew Angerer/Getty Images)
PHOTO: Drew Angerer/Getty Images
John Brennan: Trump is 'drunk on power'
President Trump departs the White House South Lawn.
Trump: I've never respected John Brennan
Ex-CIA director's security clearance revoked
Conway comments on security clearance stripping
mark hertling
PHOTO: CNN/TBD
Ret. Lt. Gen. to Trump: Take my clearance too
Trump: Bruce Ohr is a disgrace
Former CIA Director John Brennan testifies during a House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence hearing about Russian actions during the 2016 election on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, May 23, 2017. / AFP PHOTO / SAUL LOEB (Photo credit should read SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images)
PHOTO: SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images
Brennan: Claims of no collusion are hogwash
Hayden: Trump's actions personal, vindictive
WASHINGTON, DC - MAY 23: Former Director of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) John Brennan testifies before the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence on Capitol Hill, May 23, 2017 in Washington, DC. (Drew Angerer/Getty Images)
Brennan: Trump is trying to get back at me
Over a dozen former senior intelligence officials – a group that includes officials who served under both Democratic and Republican presidents – are denouncing President Donald Trump's decision to revoke former CIA Director John Brennan's security clearance as "ill-considered" and "unprecedented."
With the exception of Brennan – and excluding those who served under Trump – every CIA director since George Tenet, who took over the agency in 1996, signed the letter.
"We all agree that the president's action regarding John Brennan and the threats of similar action against other former officials has nothing to do with who should and should not hold security clearances – and everything to do with an attempt to stifle free speech," the former senior intelligence officials, including former CIA directors, former CIA deputy directors, and a former director of national intelligence, said in a statement released Thursday.
They went on to argue, "We have never before seen the approval or removal of security clearances used as a political tool, as was done in this case."
"Beyond that, this action is quite clearly a signal to other former and current officials," the former officials said, adding that the signal "is inappropriate and deeply regrettable."
The list originally included 12 officials, but overnight, former CIA director and Defense Secretary Robert Gates added himself to the list. Former Director of National Intelligence Dennis Blair and former Deputy CIA Director Bert Calland also signed onto the statement Friday.
One of the signees, former director of the CIA and NSA Michael Hayden told CNN's John Berman Friday on "New Day" that making the decision to sign the statement was not difficult.
"Using the security clearance process to punish a political opponent was simply inappropriate even though we admit that the president has absolute authority in this area," Hayden said. "It's just a bad thing to do for the health of the American republic and the health of American debate."
The former intelligence leaders added in their statement that "decisions on security clearances should be based on national security concerns and not political views."
They also defended Brennan's character and called allegations against Brennan of wrongdoing "baseless."
Hayden and James Clapper, another official on the statement and the former Director of National Intelligence under President Barack Obama, are both included on a list of officials that the administration is considering stripping of security clearances. Both have been outspoken against Trump.
Trump announced on Wednesday that he was revoking Brennan's security clearance, first citing that the former CIA director posed a security risk. He later, in an interview with the Wall Street Journal, connected Brennan's security clearance revocation with the Russia investigation, saying the probe was a "witch hunt" and "these people led it."
Trump told reporters Friday that he's received a "tremendous response" after revoking Brennan's clearance.
Following the President's comments, former CIA director and onetime Trump campaign adviser James Woolsey issued a separate statement in which he said "objective criteria" should be used in evaluating who gets to keep a security clearance.
Woolsey was not able to review the joint statement issued by the other former intelligence chiefs by the deadline, and chose to write his own statement, according to a person with knowledge of the decision.
The President said he would "soon" revoke the clearance of Bruce Ohr, a Justice Department official whom Trump has criticized for his connections to a dossier of infamous allegations about the US President and Russia. The dossier – portions of which remain unconfirmed – was commissioned as opposition research by political opponents of then-candidate Trump and compiled by a former British intelligence agent. Ohr was demoted upon the discovery of certain meetings with Fusion GPS founder Glenn Simpson, whose firm was behind dossier, and Christopher Steele, the former British intelligence officer who assembled it.
The mention of Ohr on Friday is notable because he currently works at the Justice Department and has not publicly criticized Trump.
Brennan, who served under Obama, was one of the intelligence chiefs who signed off on the intelligence community's January 2017 assessment that Russia interfered with the intent to help Trump and to hurt Hillary Clinton.
CNN's Jim Sciutto, Abby Phillip, Elizabeth Landers, Barbara Starr and Jamie Gangel contributed to this report.


If you have any of these symptoms, you should see an audiologist to get an "audiometric evaluation." An audiometric evaluation (AE) is the term used to describe a diagnostic hearing test, performed by a licensed audiologist. An AE is not just pressing the button when you hear a "beep." Rather, an audiometric evaluation allows the audiologist to determine the type and degree of your hearing loss, and it tells the audiologist how well or how poorly you understand speech. After all, speech is the single most important sound, and the ability to understand speech is extremely important. The AE also includes a thorough case history (interview) as well as visual inspection of the ear canals and eardrum. The results of the AE are useful to the physician should the audiologist conclude that your hearing problem may be treated with medical or surgical alternatives. Written hearing tests, "dial a hearing test" and other online hearing tests are not particularly accurate and are certainly not diagnostic tests, but may be utilized as screening tools. These screenings are usually free and can be scored within a few seconds. Written hearing screenings may point the patient (or consumer) in a particular direction and may help validate that a hearing problem may indeed exist.
Otolaryngologists (also called ear-nose-and-throat, or ENT, doctors) are physicians who have advanced training in disorders of the ear, nose, throat and head and neck. Otologists or neurologists are physicians who in addition to their ENT requirements continue their specialized training for an additional year or more in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the ear. Otolaryngologists, neurologists and otologists are the physicians who typically treat disorders of the ear (or hearing mechanisms) requiring medical or surgical solutions.
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common type of hearing loss. More than 90 percent of all hearing aid wearers have sensorineural hearing loss. The most common causes of sensorineural hearing loss are age related changes and noise exposure. A sensorineural hearing loss may also result from disturbance of inner ear circulation, increased inner fluid pressure or from disturbances of nerve transmission. Sensorineural hearing loss is also called "cochlear loss," an "inner ear loss" and is also commonly called "nerve loss." Years ago, many professionals said there was nothing that could be done for sensorineural hearing loss that is totally incorrect today. There are many excellent options for the patient with sensorineural hearing loss.
Mini-Canals are the size between ITC and CIC . A mini canal is a good choice when you desire the smallest possible hearing aid while still having manual control over the volume wheel and possibly other controls.
Completely-In-the-Canal units are the tiniest hearing aids made. They usually require a "removal string" due to their small size and the fact that they fit so deeply into the canal. CICs can be difficult to remove without the pull string. CICs do not usually have manual controls attached to them because they are too small.
Behind-The-Ear hearing aids are the largest hearing aids and they are very reliable. BTEs have the most circuit options and they can typically have much more power than any of the custom made in the ear units. BTEs are the units that "sit" on the back of your ear. They are connected to the ear canal via custom-made plastic tubing. The tubing is part of the earmold. The earmold is custom made from an ear impression to perfectly replicate the size and shape of your ear.
There are several types of personal listening systems available. All are designed to carry sound from the speaker (or other source) directly to the listener and to minimize or eliminate environmental noises. Some of these systems, such as auditory trainers, are designed for classroom or small group use. Others, such as personal FM systems and personal amplifiers, are especially helpful for one-to-one conversations in places such as automobiles, meeting rooms, and restaurants.
Telephone Amplifying Devices: Most, but not all, standard telephone receivers are useful with hearing aids. These phones are called " hearing aid compatible." The option on the hearing aid is called the T-Coil. The T-coil is automatically activated on some hearing aids and manually activated on others. Basically, the telephone and the hearing aids T-coil communicate with each other electromagnetically, allowing the hearing aid to be used at a comfortable volume without feedback and with minimal background noise. You should be able to get hearing-aid-compatible phones from your telephone company or almost any retail store that sells telephones. Not all hearing aids have a "T" switch. Make sure your hearing aids have a T switch before purchasing a new hearing aid compatible phone! There are literally dozens of T-coil and telephone coupling systems. Speak with your audiologist to get the most appropriate system for your needs.
If you are considering a middle ear implant, speak with your audiologist. Your audiologist can direct you to an otolaryngologist, otologist or neurologist with experience and expertise in implanting these devices.
Not all patients are surgical candidates, and each candidate does not receive the same benefit. Nonetheless, middle ear implants are an option, and are worthy of further consideration for appropriate patients. Again, the best source for initial information on this topic is your audiologist. For more information on middle ear implants, CLICK HERE.
For more information on cochlear implants please visit the following: Advanced Bionics MED EL and Cochlear.
If you have questions, or would like to contact the author, you can contact Dr. Beck at email address: audsx2@aol.com.


I'm all about the rhymes this Valentines! Although 3 in one title may be pushing it... but I fancied doing something wild, as it's not like I've got any crazier plans for today. Yet before you think I'm wallowing in a purple pool of pity over this, I'm actually ready to dance in the purple rain!
*FYI, I have no idea why the pool is purple - I just happen to love alliteration almost as much as rhyming, and Love is what today is about. Actually.
Yes, I'm single. Yes, I could go out and mingle, but that wouldn't be giving myself the most important love of all: self-love. Ok, it's time for an impromptu honesty-hour: self-love is also the most elusive love of all, at least when you're living in my head! I would dare to say that the 'Romeo and Juliet love' is easier to come by, despite having (finally) come to terms with the fact that Romeo isn't real. But Newt Scamander might be.
Crocheting is one of my favourite things and I am proud of how far I've come. I'm pretty much self-taught and rarely ever follow a pattern, preferring instead to stitch and switch it up as I go... yes, sometimes this results in an abnormally large thumb or Dumbo ears, but there's nothing wrong with #thatauthenticfeeling. We need more of it in the world!
I set up an Etsy store! If you'd told me this a year ago, I would never have believed you. When it comes to my crafting, I do still struggle with self-doub. Nevertheless, by opening my store and posting more of my creations on Instagram, I challenged that inner critic and listened to SOPHIE.
The same can be said for some of my other adventures in recent months: I volunteered in a school last Autumn, I returned to University after a two-year interruption, I submitted my UCAS form, I attended 3 interviews in the space of 7 days... and I still found time for my magical menagerie! Like I said, 12 months ago all of these things would have seemed impossible, but by trusting in "possibility" I made them a reality. I deserve to feel proud and, in this moment, I am. I truly am.
Having lost contact with many people in recent years, particularly after pausing my degree, I spent a lot of time believing I was a 'bad' friend, "a 'bad' person and that I wasn't worthy of love from others. Through doing CBT, I've learnt to challenge this by looking at the counter-evidence. I have some truly amazing friends in this world, who have gone above-and-beyond in their kindness to me.
In my recent 'favourites' post, I talked about the incredible girl who sent me a little felt bee - my 'patronus' - as a good-luck charm for my interviews! I didn't share the letter, as it is something that belongs just between us, but it was possibly the nicest thing anyone has ever written about it. I have it pinned to my noticeboard at University, as a daily reminder of the "good in me".
If I wasn't a good friend, or a good person, would someone have taken that much time for 'little old me'? Would my wonderful tea twin have travelled to Bath on my 22nd Birthday, complete with a bouquet of flowers, if she did not think I was worth it? Though I may no longer shop at l'oreal (when will they go cruelty-free?!), their famous slogan is practically-perfect here: "You're worth it." I am worth it *5 minutes and a dozen rewrites later*. I AM WORTH IT.
I just spoke about the wonderful things others have done for me, but I like to think I am a thoughtful person to... *Edit: I KNOW I am a thoughtful person too. Phew, this self-love life is harder than I thought! Just today, I met two of my favourite humans for coffee and and wanted to spread the valentines love. I popped into Tesco and bought two of their single stem roses, as I knew it would bring a smile to their face. They are both wonderful, kind, supportive friends, yet I know their own heads can make them doubt this. Never underestimate the power of one act of kindness, however small.
Speaking of the power of small acts, never underestimate the value of your voice. So far this month, I've written a post for Children's Mental Health week and made a video for Time To Talk Day. Publishing both of these was far from easy, as my head loves to convince me that "other people have more to say." Then I realised, that is all the more reason why I NEED TO TALK.
I will not be ashamed of my past, as it's shaped who I am today and in many ways for the better. I believe it has made me more compassionate, honest and open-minded, all traits that I believe will help me as a teacher. I will never judge a child or colleague from where they come from, or have preconceived ideas about where they should go. Shame has no place in the mind of a child and I want to believe I can teach by example.
When I think of my favourite fictional teachers - namely Miss Honey and Professor Lupin - I think one of the greatest appeals is their vulnerability. If they were 'perfect' humans, they wouldn't be believable, which I suppose is the case for every person - imagined or real! Imagine if Dumbledore and Snape had opened up earlier on? Far from losing credibility, Harry only gains respect for them when he learns of their past. I am learning that it's okay to be vulnerable and, what's more, there is value in vulnerability. There is worth in acknowledging a lack of self-worth, despite how weak you may feel, because only then can you find a path forward.
Knock Knock. Who's There? A Harry Potter Pun.
I could have sworn someone was there.
I've made no secret of my love for Luna Lovegood and she truly is my inspiration. The word "inspiration" is thrown around so much, I feel rather silly using it here. Nevertheless, I am going to stick with it because it is the word I chose; in other words, it is ME, and that epitomises Luna. Self-accenptance, self-determination and self-acknowledgement that, yes, you may be "a little different", but that's OK.
It's okay to dance on my own without a care in the world (attempt to do the parent trap handshake with your dog); how to sing as if no one is listening (aka belt out "9 'till 5" as you remove your makeup... perhaps Lush could call their next cleanser "shake it off?); how to start a new chapter, even when others want to keep you on their page.
Whenever I feel pulled by external scripts, whether it be self-criticism over an essay or the pressure to people-please, I think of Luna. I think of how she wrote her own story and I try to believe I can too. For what it's worth, my hand is far from steady. I have days where I think "me" is the last person anyone would choose to be. Yet as long as I can pick up the pen and keep writing, I am choosing to BE ME.
This took surprisingly longer than I anticipated - my poor sweet potato looks like Hagrid did the cooking. Suffice to say, by the time I got to #4 I was racking my brains and feeling pretty stumped. Perhaps this is a sign that I need to do it more often? I remember reading an article by Dawn O'Porter in Glamour (RIP), encouraging people to #ShoutAboutYou. I've become better about finding the silver linings in my life, no matter how small they may seem.
Nevertheless when it comes to finding the silver linings WITHIN myself - who I am, rather than what I do - the process is altogether more difficult. Yet as I've learnt through experience, the harder things are, the more likely they are to stay this way... if they go unchallenged. So here's to more positive affirmations about myself. I may even am going start writing one at the end of each day... or perhaps we'll start with each week! I do have a dissertation to write after all and, as I said, this post took a while!
It would be wonderful to see other people join in. With the comparison trap of social media today, it's more important than ever to BE UNASHAMEDLY YOU. While St Valentine and Gilderoy Lockhart hand out their cards - and the High-Street comes up smelling of roses - let's give ourself the gift of self-love, even if just for one minute in the day. It may not be a bed of roses everyday, but perhaps it can keep the self-critical thorns at bay? At the very least, I'm determined to try!


The goal of every guide school is to equip you with the skills and experience necessary to guide trips for Outdoor Adventures. All of the Outdoor Adventures programs are taught by our talented and enthusiastic experienced guides.
Entry into each guide school is based on an application and interview process. Upon completion of the guide school, all guides must TA a designated number of trips and become certified in Wilderness First Aid and CPR before being considered a guide.
Classroom Sessions: February 27, March 6, March 13, April 3; 6–10 p.m.
Outdoor Adventures is proud to offer what we consider to be one of the most comprehensive rafting guide schools available. It consists of 12 classroom hours and 8 on-river days spent camping and rafting on the South Fork American River. During this course, you will not only learn the fundamentals of white water rafting, you will also become certified in Swift Water Rescue. Upon course completion, you will be able to guide commercial rafting trips for Outdoor Adventures and other rafting companies. This is a great way to spend your spring break, learn a fun new skill and make lifelong friends in the process.
*An additional $135 will be charged for food and personal safety equipment.
Rock Climbing Guide School - Accepting Applications Now!
This course is designed to develop your sea kayaking skills and give you the ability to lead sea kayaking trips for Outdoor Adventures. The school consists of three classroom sessions and two weekends working on paddling, safety, navigation, rescue, leadership and teaching skills. The weekend sessions take place in the challenging coastal environments of Tomales Bay, San Francisco Bay and the outer coast. All kayaking equipment and group camping gear is provided. Previous experience recommended, but not necessary.
Outdoor Adventures runs a wide variety of wilderness based trips. From week-long backpacking trips in Yosemite to overnight camping trips on the coast, we try to offer something for everyone. If you've ever wanted to lead outdoor trips, Wilderness Guide School is a great way to get started. In this 2 weekend course, you'll learn essential skills necessary to lead wilderness trips. Upon successful course completion, you will become an Outdoor Adventures guide and can start leading wilderness trips.


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This remote north-eastern corner of Russia is an inhospitable land of fire, ice and earthquakes but the stunning scenery, hot springs and huge reserves of salmon suggest a seismic shift in fortunes could be about to happen.
The nation that had no TV until 10 years ago and is famous for using its Gross National Happiness index as a measure of success rather than GDP, has been a democracy for just over a year. Monocle talks to its prime minister about how times are changing.
How Greenland's prime minister gets around his icy territory and how the Swedes have found a way to grow vegetables vertically. Switzerland considers removing minarets and the power of a good hairstyle on Ukraine's Yulia Tymoshenko.
How the world's diplomats joined together to get Americans behind a tougher environmental policy ahead of December's Copenhagen summit, Brazil's ambitious rail plans and how thee headcount is changing in North Dakota and Florida.
We sign up for a degree at the University of Seychelles, Iraq's foreign food shopping list grows as droughts dry up the rivers, Israel takes commuting to new lengths and Angola at last rebuilds... sort of.
The rise of the banker-turned-politician in Japan and Asia's plans to grow bigger islands in places where it matters. China mulls over what to do with its internet addicts as detox houses fail and Delhi bans outdoor nuptials.
Is Australia the new South Korea? Why the Polynesians want their own passport, Pacific islanders bail out of the atolls and how Aussie men rate as good partners.
Why modesty replaced lavishness on the stalls at Europe's largest arms fair held in London, and Russia turns to the French and Dutch in search of four new warships after admitting its own shipyards aren't up to the task.
Barriers and barrios
Melilla, in Morocco, is one of two Spanish colonies left on the African continent. The enclave is a lure for illegal immigrants who try to cross the border here into Europe. But this is not the whole story; Monocle looks at Melilla's multicultural make-up and how recent investment can improve the settlement's fortunes.
Mrs Dynamite
Oumou Sangaré sings from the heart about pain, poverty and polygamous men. Her feminist lyrics and unflinching political stance have made her a role-model for thousands of women in Mali – and across Africa as a whole.
Sweden's second city is fertile soil for small businesses thanks to its history of maritime adventure, the population's can-do attitude and its intimate size, which helps keep the co-operative spirit alive and well.
Bean there done that
Nespresso, part of the Nestlé Group, invented those clever capsules to make a tasty, mess-free cup of coffee in 1986. Today, the company is booming thanks to its Swiss heritage and corporate skill.
Going logo
In a city known for flashy advertising, financial services brand Hyundai Card chose the opening of a new subway line to launch a campaign based on subtlety and simplicity, and the Zen-like hoardings have entranced passers-by.
A Canadian coffee shop in Kandahar, Chinese internet junkies go cold Turkey, and Jordan gets wired.
Float market
The yachting industry has suffered some knocks and Cannes boat fair was 14 per cent down in attendance this year, but there are signs it's on course for a recovery. And there's a new appreciation of old-school and sustainable boats.
Blue-sky thinking
Viking Air, a small parts manufacturer from British Columbia, had never even thought about building aeroplanes, but when the firm acquired the licences for de Havilland's discontinued but adored sea and bush planes, the clamouring demand from all over the world proved too loud to ignore.
How to be a band in 2010
Rock stars are now essentially CEOs of their own small (and big businesses). Learn how to harness patrons, sponsorship and the digital revolution, and you could soon be selling out, without selling out.
Twenty years ago, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty was a busy place as the Iron Curtain was pulled back. Today, its signals are still focused on Russia as well as Iran and Afghanistan.
Media Briefing
Turkey's religion-themed reality show upsets the imams, an Israeli animation studio aims to out-draw Pixar and we report on the relaunch and redesign of Germany's premier financial newspaper, Handelsblatt - reworked by Monocle's media expert Mario Garcia, whose column reflects on the challenges of going "bookish".
In her element
Artist Teresita Fernández, who was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2005, makes pieces that reflect the landscape as she sees it. Monocle visits her as she prepares to install her new show in New York.
Douglas Coupland's unerring eye continues to define his times, Michael Haneke's White Ribbon scars the horses, and Toronto Indie superheroes Hidden Cameras mix it with Sweden's finest frostbitten chanteuse.
Carl Malmsten was one of Sweden's greatest furniture designers and thanks to his grandson, Jerk Malmsten, his legacy continues. Last year at the Carl Malmsten shop, 96 per cent of sales were in Sweden.
A new retail concept "Present" in London's Shoreditch, smart leather sneakers in Milan from design team Twentyfourseven, and a collaboration between Danish clothing brand Soulland and one of Copenhagen's oldest milliners, Andersen & Berners Hattefabrik.
Architecture/Design Briefing
Spanish architect Vicente Guallart's playful new plaza in Taipei, a clever retail development by upcoming Brisbane-based firm Richards & Spence, wooden storage inspired by traditional drum-making techniques from Italian firm Villa, and Vitsoe's new shop in New York. Plus we catch up with Japanese architect Noriaki Okabe to talk about his new Belgian embassy in Tokyo.
With more interest
In a radical shift from its traditional brand identity, Sugamo Shinkin Bank has adopted an innovative and colourful design for its new Niiza branch. It looks more like an art gallery than a bank, and that seems to be having an uplifting impact on both staff and customers.
…and relax
There's no need to rush your Sabado in Madrid – potter around the apartment, tuck into 'El País', and then take to the streets for a market trawl and some antique book buying.
Pleasure wear
In Tokyo a day off work is a rare treat and whether you spend it walking in the park or working your way through your magazine stash, you'll need the perfect attire.
In this month's rundown of life improvers, we have some desk accessories to get you sorted, Brazilian cosmetics to keep you smelling sweet and the best après-ski liqueur we've tasted.
With our ear constantly to the ground, Monocle introduces concept hotels in Spain and Japan, tailor-made trips to Portugal's secret beaches, and other small businesses gaining popularity within their local communities.
Bree and easy
Bree Street's affordable rents and industrial past mean design schools stand next to car mechanics and menswear boutiques alongside panel beaters. The contrasts are beautiful.
Warm front
Røros-Tweed has been weaving Norwegian lambswool products since 1939, building on a local tradition that goes back centuries. Rescued from bankruptcy in 1968, it is now supplying some of the world's top designers.
The next pig thing
Last July saw import bans on the highest grade of Spanish jamón ibérico de bellota lifted in the US. As a result, more people are eating what fans refer to as 'porcine wagyu'.
Naples has been given a bad press but the San Martino district in the hill town of Vomero is a good spot to live, with plenty of charm and easy access to the centre but with none of its drawbacks.
Nadav Kander
Nadav Kander is one of the world's top photographers – in both art and commercial worlds. Recent successes include 'Yangtze, the Long River', nominated for Prix Pictet, and 'Obama's People' commissioned by the 'New York Times'. He opts for a meat feast.
For inspiration to start your own business, just take a walk in your local shopping district. That run-down pub or dreary café could be begging to be transformed into your own venture and could spawn a thousand dreams and ideas, writes Tyler Brûlé.
Expo 28: Space awareness
Politics and cost have prevented Japan from putting a human up there but, they say, their cosmic focus is not the vain flag-planting of the space race, rather research and exploration. A strategy that has led to them developing a rocket vastly superior to the American model.
Architecture/Design / Global
Architecture/Design
David Sykes
Shedding light
Brisbane [RETAIL]
Brisbane-based architecture start-up Richards & Spence transformed a collection of run-down sheds (scheduled for demolition) into sleek new retail space for Brickworks South, a shopping collective in Southport, Queensland.
To preserve the charm of the existing buildings, the architects undertook a subtle renovation – extending roofs to create a statement silhouette, cladding the structures with transparent fibreglass and knocking through walls to install large windows. Retailers can hire the sheds to create their own, self-contained shop. "Every tenant can have a strong identity," says Ingrid Richards, who co-founded the architecture firm with Adrian Spence last year.
richardsandspence.com
Project timeline:
Start of planning: October 2008
Start of construction: February 2009
Completion: July 2009
Floor space Internal building area: 1,050 sq m
Bang on
A new mixed-use scheme in Brisbane's Central Business District. Completion: 2010.
A teaching pavilion, crafted in brick and featuring a folding roof in Toowong suburb in Brisbane. Completion: 2010.
Cloudland,the top floor of the three-storey open-air club in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane. Completion: December 2009
Taipei [PUBLIC SPACE]
Residents in Keelung, Taipei's port city, now have more space to play thanks to a new plaza designed by Spanish architect Vicente Guallart. The expansive deck has rock-like formations crafted in wood and a series of large steel structures. These are, in fact, letters that spell out "Keelung" and double as benches.
guallart.com
New York [FURNITURE]
Vitsoe is expanding its reach with its first US shop, on Bond Street in New York. It's a cosy space where you'll find the classic Dieter Rams' 606 Universal Shelving System. Looking and smelling good (Monocle's Comme des Garçons Hinoki candles keep the shop floor fresh), Vitsoe scores again.
vitsoe.com
Noriaki Okabe
Architect, Tokyo
Noriaki Okabe, the Japanese architect who worked with Renzo Piano for 20 years and whose projects include the award-winning terminal at Kansai International Airport, has recently been putting the finishing touches to the new Belgian Embassy in the Nibancho district of Tokyo.
What is the concept behind the Belgian Embassy?
The development includes the eight-storey embassy with reception, offices and the ambassador's residence. There is also a 13-storey private facility with a plaza, offices and residences. The historical context of the Belgian Embassy is combined with modern Tokyo. There are also references to European cities.
What kind of atmosphere are you trying to create?
The Belgium Square is not only important as a public space but also as a gateway to the embassy – the atmosphere here is European with Belgian blue stones and marronnier trees.
What other projects are you working on at the moment?
The Megane-bashi Bridge Fence in Tachikawa. It is an over-crossing bridge fence aiming to create an unexpected sense of space. It will be completed in 2010.


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← BrnoCuba, Cobre →
The little town Marija Bistrica (literally Mary Bistrica) lies on the slopes of Mount Medvednica, about 15 km North-West of Zagreb. 16th century, about 5 ft., wood.
photo of the Black Madonna unveiled by "Holy Card Lover"
the Black Madonna with Child,
Our Lady of Bistrica,
Queen of Croatia
the flag of Marija Bistrica
How happy is a devotee's heart when a Black Madonna has a whole town named after her and her own flag! Her village of about 1,000 and municipality of about 7,500 inhabitants is a famous place of pilgrimage, visited by hundreds of thousands of pilgrims every year. Her willingness to grant miracles is attested to by countless plaques of thanksgiving that fill the walls of her basilica's courtyard.
As the Queen of Croatia Our Lady of Bistrica has more than just a small town to herself, she has a whole, albeit small country. It was at the end of the 18th century that she became a symbol of national identity, like what the Black Madonna of Czestochowa is to the Poles or Our Lady of Guadalupe, the Dear Dark One, to the Mexicans. At that time she was given the title Most Faithful Advocate of Croatia, which later was superseded by 'Queen of Croatia'.(*1)
The legendary history of the Black Madonna of Bistrica:(*2)
1499: She is created by an anonymous artist and placed in nature in a little chapel on Vinski Hill.
1545: Turkish invasions threaten her survival and the local priest brings her into town and hides her in the church wall under a stained glass window. Soon after, he dies, taking the secret of her hiding place to his grave.
1588: Intending to come out of hiding, the Madonna lets a bright light shine from her place in the wall, and her children uncover her.
1650: Once again the Black Madonna has to hide from her enemies. This time the villagers bury her in the ground.
1684/5: As before, she is rediscovered.(*3)
1710: the Croatian parliament vows to fund a new altar in the church, which is done in 1715.
1750: Pope Benedict XIV grants plenary indulgence (remission of sins) to pilgrims who go to confession and receive the Eucharist in Marija Bistrica.
1879 to 1882: a new church is built to replace the old one, with arcades around it decorated with 22 paintings of the miracles granted by Marija Bistrica. During the construction a fire destroys all of the church except the statue and the main altar.
1923: Pope Pius XI grants the rebuilt church the status of a minor basilica.
1935: Antun Bauer, the archbishop of Zagreb, officially crowns the statue Queen of Croatia.
1938-1960: Blessed Aloysius Stepinac, a great lover of this Black Madonna, is archbishop of Zagreb and leads annual pilgrimages to her as long as he can. The last one takes place on July 8, 1945 and draws 40-50,000 faithful. Then the Soviets forbid such events.
October 3, 1998: 500,000 Croatians are in attendance as Pope John Paul II visits Marija Bistrica to beatify Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac, who had defended the Jews during the Nazi occupation and publicly criticized Communist crimes under Soviet occupation.(*4)
Very significant is the moon bearing a woman's face under this Madonna's feet. For a full explanation read the section on "Psychological Explanations" in the introduction.
*1: Vjekoslav Perica, Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States
*2: Much of this information comes from the Wikipedia article on "Marija Bistrica".
*3: There is a slight discrepancy between Wikipedia and "holycardlover's" blogspot on Our Lady of Bistrica . Both seem believable and I've tried to reconcile them as best I could.
*4: "Aloysius Stepinac" article on Wikipedia.
In Croatia


Term entries in the full glossary matching "internet"
A group that has been laudably vocal in support of individual rights on the Net (though occasionally tending to throw out the baby with the bathwater).
A global network of networks through which computers communicate by sending information in packets. Each network consists of computers connected by cables or wireless links.
The party providing one with connectivity to the Internet. Some users have a cable or some sort of wireless link to their ISP. For others, their computer may dial an ISP by phone and send and receive Internet packets over the phone line; the ISP then forwards the packets over the Internet.
A set of specifications that offers a way to interchange text in languages with different character sets, and multimedia content among many different computer systems that use Internet mail standards.