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Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the United Nations Office and other International Organisations in Geneva
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Republic of Kazakhstan
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Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Address of the President of Kazakhstan
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We, the people of Kazakhstan,
united by a common historic fate,
creating a state on the indigenous Kazakh land,
considering ourselves a peace-loving and civil society,
dedicated to the ideals of freedom, equality and concord,
wishing to take a worthy place in the world community,
realizing our high responsibility before the present and future generations,
proceeding from our sovereign right,
accept this Constitution.
1. The Republic of Kazakhstan proclaims itself a democratic, secular, legal and social state whose highest values are an individual, his life, rights and freedoms.
2. The fundamental principles of the activity of the Republic are public concord and political stability; economic development for the benefit of all the nation; Kazakhstan patriotism and resolution of the most important issues of the affairs of state by democratic methods including voting at an all-nation referendum or in the Parliament.
1. The Republic of Kazakhstan is a unitary state with a presidential form of government.
2. The sovereignty of the Republic extends to its entire territory. The state ensures the integrity, inviolability and inalienability of its territory.
3. The administrative-territorial division of the Republic, the status of its capital shall determine by the law. Capital of Kazakhstan is the city of Nur-Sultan.
4. The names «Republic of Kazakhstan» and «Kazakhstan» have the same meaning.
1. The people shall be the only source of state power.
2. The people shall exercise power directly through an all-nation referendum and free elections as well as delegate the execution of their power to state institutions.
3. Nobody shall have the right to appropriate power in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Appropriation of power shall be persecuted by law. The right to act on behalf of the people and the state shall belong to the President as well as to the Parliament of the Republic within the limits of the constitutional powers. The government and other state bodies shall act on behalf of the state only within the limits of their delegated authorities.
4. The state power in the Republic of Kazakhstan is unified and executed on the basis of the Constitution and laws in accordance with the principle of its division into the legislative, executive and judicial branches and a system of checks and balances that governs their interaction.
1. The provisions of the Constitution, the laws corresponding to it, other regulatory legal acts, international treaty and other commitments of the Republic as well as regulatory resolutions of Constitutional Council and the Supreme Court of the Republic shall be the functioning law in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
2. The Constitution shall have the highest juridical force and direct effect on the entire territory of the Republic.
3. International treaties ratified by the Republic shall have priority over its laws and be directly implemented except in cases when the application of an international treaty shall require the promulgation of a law.
4. All laws, international treaties of which the Republic is a party shall be published. Official publication of regulatory legal acts dealing with the rights, freedoms and responsibilities of citizens shall be a necessary condition for their application.
1. The Republic of Kazakhstan shall recognize ideological and political diversity. The formation of political party organizations in state bodies shall not be permitted.
2. Public associations shall be equal before the law. Illegal interference of the state in the affairs of public associations and of public associations in the affairs of the state, imposing the functions of state institutions on public associations shall not be permitted.
3. Formation and functioning of public associations pursuing the goals or actions directed toward a violent change of the constitutional system, violation of the integrity of the Republic, undermining the security of the state, inciting social, racial, national, religious, class and tribal enmity, as well as formation of unauthorized paramilitary units shall be prohibited.
4. Activities of political parties and trade unions of other states, religious parties as well as financing political parties and trade unions by foreign legal entities and citizens, foreign states and international organizations shall not be permitted in the Republic.
5. Activities of foreign religious associations on the territory of the Republic as well as appointment of heads of religious associations in the Republic by foreign religious centers shall be carried out in coordination with the respective state institutions of the Republic.
1. The Republic of Kazakhstan shall recognize and by the same token protect state and private property.
2. Property shall impose obligations, and its use must simultaneously benefit the society. Subjects and objects of ownership, the scope and limits of the rights of proprietors, and guarantees of their protection shall be determined by law.
3. The land and underground resources, waters, flora and fauna, other natural resources shall be owned by the state. The land may also be privately owned on terms, conditions and within the limits established by legislation.
1. The state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazak language.
2. In state institutions and local self-administrative bodies the Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds along with the Kazak language.
3. The state shall promote conditions for the study and development of the languages of the people of Kazakhstan.
The Republic of Kazakhstan shall respect principles and norms of international law, pursue the policy of cooperation and good-neighborly relations between states, their equality and non-interference in each other's domestic affairs, peaceful settlement of international disputes and renounce the first use of the military force.
The Republic of Kazakhstan shall have its state symbols — the flag, emblem and anthem. Their description and order of official use shall be established by the constitutional law.
Section II.
The Individual and Citizen
1. Citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be acquired and terminated as prescribed by law, shall be indivisible and equal regardless of the grounds of its acquisition.
2. A citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan under no circumstances may be deprived of citizenship of the right to change his citizenship, and may not be exiled from the territory of Kazakhstan.
3. Foreign citizenship of a citizen of the Republic shall not be recognized.
1. A citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan may not be extradited to a foreign state unless otherwise stipulated by international treaties of the Republic.
2. The Republic shall guarantee its citizens protection and patronage outside its boundaries.
1. Human rights and freedoms in the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be recognized and guaranteed in accordance with this Constitution.
2. Human rights and freedoms shall belong to everyone by virtue of birth, be recognized as absolute and inalienable, and define the contents and implementation of laws and other regulatory legal acts.
3. Every citizen of the Republic shall have rights and bear responsibilities owing to his citizenship.
4. Foreigners and stateless persons in the Republic shall enjoy rights and freedoms as well as bear responsibilities established for the citizens unless otherwise stipulated by the Constitution, laws and international treaties.
5. Exercise of a citizen's human rights and freedoms must not violate rights and freedoms of other persons, infringe on the constitutional system and public morals.
1. Everyone shall have the right to be recognized as subject of the law and protect his rights and freedoms with all means not contradicting the law including self-defense.
2. Everyone shall have the right to judicial defense of his rights and freedoms.
3. Everyone shall have the right to qualified legal assistance. In cases stipulated by law, legal assistance shall be provided free of charge.
1. Everyone shall be equal before the law and court.
2. No one shall be subject to any discrimination for reasons of origin, social, property status, occupation, sex, race, nationality, language, attitude towards religion, convictions, place of residence or any other circumstances.
1. Everyone shall have the right to life.
2. No one shall have the right to arbitrarily deprive life of a person. The death penalty shall be established by law as an exceptional punishment for terroristic crimes which have resulted in death casualties, and also for especially grave crimes, committed in wartime, with granting to a sentenced person a right to appeal for pardon.
1. Everyone shall have the right to personal freedom.
2. Arrest and detention shall be allowed only in cases stipulated by law and with the sanction of a court with right of appeal of an arrested person. Without the sanction of a court, a person may be detained for a period no more than seventy-two hours.
3. Every person detained, arrested and accused of committing a crime shall have the right to the assistance of a defense lawyer (defender) from the moment of detention, arrest or accusation.
1. A person's dignity shall be inviolable.
2. No one must be subject to torture, violence or other treatment and punishment that is cruel or humiliating to human dignity.
1. Everyone shall have the right to inviolability of private life, personal or family secrets, protection of honor and dignity.
2. Everyone shall have the right to confidentiality of personal deposits and savings, correspondence, telephone conversations, postal, telegraph and other messages. Limitation of this right shall be permitted only in the cases and according to the procedure directly established by law.
3. State bodies, public associations, officials, and the mass media must provide every citizen with the possibility to obtain access to documents, decisions and other sources of information concerning his rights and interests.
1. Everyone shall have the right to determine and indicate or not to indicate his national, party and religious affiliation.
2. Everyone shall have the right to use his native language and culture, to freely choose the language of communication, education, instruction and creative activities.
1. The freedom of speech and creative activities shall be guaranteed. Censorship shall be prohibited.
2. Everyone shall have the right to freely receive and disseminate information by any means not prohibited by law. The list of items constituting state secrets of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be determined by law.
3. Propaganda of or agitation for the forcible change of the constitutional system, violation of the integrity of the Republic, undermining of state security, and advocating war, social, racial, national, religious, class and clannish superiority as well as the cult of cruelty and violence shall not be allowed.
1. Everyone who has a legal right to stay on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to freely move about its territory and freely choose a place of residence except in cases stipulated by law.
2. Everyone shall have the right to leave the territory of the Republic. Citizens of the Republic shall have the right to freely return to the Republic.
1. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of conscience.
2. The right to freedom of conscience must not specify or limit universal human and civil rights and responsibilities before the state.
1. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to freedom of forming associations. The activities of public associations shall be regulated by law.
2. The military, employees of national security, law-enforcement bodies and judges must abstain from membership in political parties, trade unions, and actions in support of any political party.
1. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of labor, and the free choice of occupation and profession. Involuntary labor shall be permitted only on a sentence of court or in the conditions of a state of emergency or martial law.
2. Everyone shall have the right to safe and hygienic working conditions, to just remuneration for labor without discrimination, as well as to social protection against unemployment.
3. The right to individual and collective labor disputes with the use of methods for resolving them, stipulated by law including the right to strike, shall be recognized.
4. Everyone shall have the right to rest. Working labor agreements stipulating the length of working time, days-off and holidays, and paid annual leave shall be guaranteed by law.
1. Housing shall be inviolable. Deprivation of housing shall not be permitted unless otherwise stipulated by a court decision. Penetration into housing, its inspection and search shall be permitted only in cases and according to the procedure stipulated by law.
2. Conditions shall be created in the Republic of Kazakhstan to provide citizens with housing. Citizens in need of housing shall be categorized in a manner to be prescribed by law and provided with housing at an affordable price from the state housing funds in accordance with the norms stipulated by law.
1. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan may privately own any legally acquired property.
2. Property, including the right of inheritance, shall be guaranteed by law.
3. No one may be deprived of his property unless otherwise stipulated by a court decision. Forcible alienation of property for the public use in extraordinary cases stipulated by law may be exercised on condition of its equivalent compensation.
4. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of entrepreneurial activity, and free use of his property for any legal entrepreneurial activity. Monopolistic activity shall be regulated and limited by law. Unfair competition shall be prohibited.
1. Marriage and family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood shall be under the protection of the state.
2. Care of children and their upbringing shall be a natural right and responsibility of parents.
3. Able-bodied children of age must take care of their disabled parents.
1. A citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be guaranteed a minimum wage and pension, and guaranteed social security in old age, in case of disease, disability or loss of a breadwinner and other legal grounds.
2. Voluntary social insurance, creation of additional forms of social security, and charity shall be encouraged.
1. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to protection of health.
2. Citizens of the Republic shall be entitled to free, guaranteed, extensive medical assistance established by law.
3. Paid medical treatment shall be provided by state and private medical institutions as well as by persons engaged in private medical practice on the terms and according to the procedures stipulated by law.
1. The citizens shall be guaranteed free secondary education in state educational establishments. Secondary education shall be obligatory.
2. A citizen shall have the right to receive on a competitive basis a higher education in a state higher educational establishment.
3. The citizens shall have the right to pay and receive an education in private educational establishments on the basis and terms established by law.
4. The state shall set uniform compulsory standards in education. The activity of any educational establishment must comply with these standards.
1. The state shall set an objective to protect the environment favorable for the life and health of the person.
2. Officials shall be held accountable for the concealment of facts and circumstances endangering the life and health of the people in accordance with law.
Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to peacefully and without arms assemble, hold meetings, rallies and demonstrations, street processions and pickets. The use of this right may be restricted by law in the interests of state security, public order, protection of health, rights and freedoms of other persons.
1. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to participate in the government of the state's affairs directly and through their representatives, to address personally as well as to direct individual and collective appeals to public and local self-administrative bodies.
2. Citizens of the Republic shall have the right to elect and be elected into public and local self-administrations as well as to participate in an all-nation referendum.
3. The right to elect and be elected, to participate in the all-nation referendum shall not extend to the citizens judged incapable by a court as well as those held in places of confinement on a court's sentence.
4. Citizens of the Republic shall have the equal right to serve in a public office. The requirements for candidates for public offices shall be conditioned only by the character of the office duties and shall be established by law.
1. Everyone must observe the Constitution, legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and respect the rights, freedoms, honor and dignity of other persons.
2. Everyone must respect the state symbols of the Republic.
Payment of legally established taxes, fees and other obligatory payments shall be a duty and responsibility of everyone.
1. Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be a sacred duty and responsibility of its every citizen.
2. Citizens of the Republic shall perform military service according to the procedure and in the forms established by law.
Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan must care for the protection of historical and cultural heritage, and preserve monuments of history and culture.
Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan must preserve nature and protect natural resources.
1. Rights and freedoms of an individual and citizen may be limited only by laws and only to the extent necessary for protection of the constitutional system, defense of the public order, human rights and freedoms, health and morality of the population.
2. Any actions capable of upsetting interethnic concord shall be deemed unconstitutional.
3. Any form of restrictions to the rights and freedoms of the citizens on political grounds shall not be permitted. Rights and freedoms stipulated by articles 10-11; 13-15 paragraph 1 of article 16; article 17; article 19; article 22; paragraph 2 of article 26 of the Constitution shall not be restricted in any event.
1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the head of state, its highest official determining the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the state and representing Kazakhstan within the country and in international relations.
2. The President of the Republic shall be the symbol and guarantor of the unity of the people and the state power, inviolability of the Constitution, rights and freedoms of an individual and citizen.
3. The President of the Republic shall ensure by his arbitration concerted functioning of all branches of state power and responsibility of the institutions of power before the people.
1. The President of the Republic shall be elected by universal, equal and direct suffrage under a secret ballot for a five-year term in accordance with the constitutional law by the citizens of the Republic who have come of age.
2. A citizen of the Republic shall be eligible for the office of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan if he is by birth not younger than forty and has a perfect command of the state language and has lived in Kazakhstan last fifteen years.
3. Regular elections of the President of the Republic shall be held on the first Sunday of December and shall not coincide with the election of a new Parliament of the Republic.
3-1. Preterm presidential elections are assigned by Decree of President of the Republic and are hold in order and terms, established by constitutional law.
4. It was excluded according to Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan 07.10.98 № 284-I.
5. The candidate who receives more than 50 percent of the votes of the constituents that took part in the election shall be deemed elected. If none of the candidates receives the above number of votes, a second round of elections shall be held between the two candidates who obtained the largest number of votes. The candidate who receives the larger number of votes of the constituents who take part in the second round of elections shall be deemed elected.
1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall take office from the moment of swearing to the people the following oath: "I solemnly swear that I will faithfully serve the people of Kazakhstan, strictly observe the Constitution and the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, guarantee the rights and freedoms of the citizens, honestly perform the high duties of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan entrusted to me.
2. The oath shall be taken on the second Wednesday of January in a ceremonial atmosphere in the presence of the deputies of Parliament, the members of the Constitutional Council, the judges of the Supreme Court as well as all former Presidents of the Republic. In case, stipulated by Article 48 of the Constitution, the oath shall be taken by a person who has taken the powers of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan within one month since taking the powers of the President of the Republic.
3. The powers of the President of the Republic shall terminate from the moment the newly elected President of the Republic takes office as well as in the case of premature release from office, resignation or death. All former Presidents of the Republic except those who were discharged from office shall have the title of ex-President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
5. One and the same person may not be elected the President of the Republic more than two times in a row. The present restriction shall not extend on the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall not have the right to be a deputy of a representative body, hold other paid offices and engage in entrepreneurial-activity.
2. It was excluded according to Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan 21.05.07 № 254-III.
1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall:
1) annually address the people of Kazakhstan with a message on the state of the country and main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
2) appoint regular and extraordinary elections to the Parliament of the Republic and its Chambers; convene the first session of the Parliament and accept the oath of its deputies to the people of Kazakhstan; call extraordinary session of the Parliament; sign laws submitted by the Senate of the Parliament within one month, promulgate the law or return the law or its separate articles for a second discussion and vote;
3) after consultations of the political parties fractions represented in the Majilis of the Parliament, submit for consideration to the Majilis for consent a candidacy of the Prime Minister of the Republic; appoint a Prime Minister of the Republic with the consent of the Majilis of the Parliament; release him from office; on representation of the Prime Minister determine structure of the Government of the Republic, form, abolish and reorganize the central executive bodies of the Republic which are not included into the Government, appoint the members of the Government of the Republic; appoint the ministers of foreign affairs, defenses, internal affairs, justice; release the members of the Government from office; accept the oath of the members of the Government; preside at the meetings of the Government on especially important issues; charge the Government with bringing a bill into the Majilis of the Parliament; annul or suspend completely or partially the effect of the Government's and the Prime Minister's the acts and those of the akims of the oblasts, major cities and the capital;
4) appoint the Chairperson of the National Bank, the Procurator General and the Chairperson of Committee of National security of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the consent of the Senate of the Parliament; release them from office;
5) form, abolish and reorganize the state bodies directly subordinated and accountable to the President of the Republic, appoint and release their heads from office;
6) appoint and recall heads of diplomatic representative offices of the Republic;
7) appoint the Chairperson and two members of the Central election committee, the Chairperson and two members of the Accounts Committee for control over execution of the republican budget for a five year term;
8) approve state programs of the Republic;
9) approve a unified system of financing and labor payment for all bodies financed by the state budget of the Republic at the proposal of the Prime Minister of the Republic;
10) adopt a resolution on conducting the all-nation referendum;
11) conduct negotiations and sign international treaties of the Republic; sign ratification instruments; receive letters of credentials and recall from diplomatic and other representatives of foreign states accredited to him;
12) act as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic, appoint and replace the highest command of the Armed Forces;
13) award state decorations of the Republic and confer-honorary, highest military and other ranks, ranked positions, diplomatic ranks and qualification degrees;
14) resolve issues of citizenship of the Republic , and political asylum;
15) exercise pardon of citizens;
16) in the event of a serious and immediate threat to the democratic institutions of the Republic, its independence and territorial integrity, political stability of the Republic, security of its citizens and the disruption of normal functioning of the Constitutional bodies of the state, the President shall have official consultation with Prime Minister and Chairpersons of the Parliamentary Chambers of the Republic and take measures, caused by a state of emergency on the entire territory or in particular areas of Kazakhstan, and immediately inform the Parliament of the use of the Armed Forces of the Republic;
17) in the case of aggression against the Republic or immediate external threat to its security, the President shall impose martial law on the entire territory of the Republic or in particular areas, declare a partial or total mobilization and immediately inform the Parliament of the Republic to the effect; 18) form the Republican Guard as well as the Presidential Guard subordinated to the President;
19) appoint to and release from office the State Secretary of the Republic of Kazakhstan, define his status and powers; form the administration of the President of the Republic;
20) form the Security Council and other consultative — advisory bodies and also Assembly of the people of Kazakhstan and the Higher Judicial Council;
21) exercise other powers in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the Republic.
1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the basis of and with the exercise of the Constitution and the laws, shall issue decrees and resolutions which are binding on the entire territory of the Republic.
2. In the case envisioned by subparagraph 4 of Article 53 of the Constitution the President of the Republic shall issue laws, and in the case envisioned by subparagraph 2 of Article 61 of the Constitution, — the President of the Republic shall issue decrees having the force of laws in the Republic.
3. The acts of Parliament signed by the President of the Republic as well as the acts of the President issued on the initiative of the Government shall be preliminarily signed respectively by the Chairperson of each Parliaments Chambers or the Prime Minister who bear juridical responsibility for the legality of these acts.
1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, his honor and dignity shall be inviolable.
2. Provision, service, and guard of the President of the Republic and his family shall be carried out at the state's expense.
3. The provisions of this article shall extend to ex-Presidents of the Republic.
4. The status and powers of the First President of Kazakhstan shall determine by the Constitution of the Republic and the constitutional law.
1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan may be prematurely released from office in the case of continued incapacity to perform his duties due to illness. In this case the Parliament shall form a commission consisting of equal numbers of deputies from each Chamber and specialists of the respective areas of medicine. The decision of premature release based on the conclusion of the commission and that of the Constitutional Council confirming observance of the established constitutional procedures shall be adopted at a joint sitting of the Parliament's Chambers by the majority of no less than three-fourths from the total number of deputies of each Chamber.
2. The President of the Republic shall bear responsibility for the actions performed while exercising his duties and only in the case of high treason may be discharged from office by Parliament. The decision to bring an accusation and conduct its investigation may be adopted by the majority of the deputies of the Majilis at the initiative of no less than one-third of the total number of its deputies. Investigation of the accusation shall be organized by the Senate and by the majority of votes of the total number of the deputies of the Senate its results are transferred for consideration at a joint session of the Parliament's Chambers. The final decision of this issue shall be adopted at a joint session of the Parliament's Chambers by the majority of no less than three-fourths of the total number of the deputies of each Chamber, provided the Supreme Court concludes the validity of the accusation and conclusion by the Constitutional Council that the established constitutional procedures were observed. The failure to arrive at a final decision within two months from the moment of the accusation shall result in the recognition that the accusation against the President of the Republic is rejected. Rejection of the accusation of the President of the Republic in perpetration of high treason at any stage shall result in premature termination of the powers of the deputies of the Majilis who initiated the consideration of this issue.
3. The issue of discharge of the President of the Republic from office may not be initiated in the period when the President is considering premature termination of the powers of the Parliament of the Republic or the Majilis of the Parliament.
1. In case of premature release or discharge of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan from office as well as in case of his death the powers of the President of the Republic shall be transmitted to the Chairperson of the Senate of the Parliament for the rest of the term; if the Chairperson of the Senate is unable to assume the powers of the President they shall be transmitted to the Chairperson of the Majilis of the Parliament; if the Chairperson of the Majilis is unable to assume the powers of the President they shall be transmitted to the Prime Minister of the Republic. A person who has taken the powers of the President of the Republic shall correspondingly withdraw his powers of the Chairperson of the Senate, the Majilis, the Prime Minister. In this case filling of those state positions shall be carried out in the order, stipulated by the Constitution.
2. A person who has taken the powers of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the basis and in the order stipulated by Paragraph 1 of the present Article, has no right to initiate amendments and additions to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
1. Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the highest representative body of the Republic performing legislative functions.
2. Parliament's powers shall begin from the opening of its first session and terminate with the first session of a new convocation.
3. The powers of Parliament may be prematurely terminated in cases and according to the procedure stipulated by the Constitution.
4. The organization and activities of Parliament, the legal status of its deputies shall be determined by constitutional law.
1. The Parliament shall consist of two Chambers acting on a permanent basis: the Senate and the Majilis.
2. The Senate shall be composed of deputies represented in an order, established by the constitutional law, on two persons from each oblast, major city and the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Fifteen deputies of the Senate shall be appointed by the President of the Republic taking into account necessity of maintenance of representation for the Senate of national-cultural and other significant interests of a society.
3. The Majilis shall consist of hundred seven deputies elected in an order, established by the constitutional law.
4. A deputy of the Parliament may not be a member of both Chambers simultaneously.
5. Term of the powers of Senate deputies shall be six years; term of the powers of the Majilis deputies shall be five years.
1. Elections of ninety eight deputies of Majilis shall be carried out on the basis of the universal, equal and direct right under secret ballot. Nine deputies of Majilis shall be elected by Assembly of the people of Kazakhstan. Regular elections of the deputies of the Majilis shall be held no later than two months before the termination of the powers of current the Parliament.
2. The elections of the deputies of the Senate shall be carried out on the basis of indirect electoral right under secret ballot. Half of the elected deputies of the Senate shall be re-elected every three years. In this case, their regular elections shall be held no later than two months before the end of their term in office.
3. Extraordinary elections of the deputies of the Parliament or the Majilis of the Parliament shall be held within two months from the day of premature termination of powers accordingly the Parliament or the Majilis of the Parliament.
4. A deputy of the Parliament may be a person, who has been a citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan and a permanent resident for the last ten years on the territory. A deputy of the Senate may be a person, who has reached thirty years of age, has a higher education and length of service of not less than five years and has been a permanent resident for not less than three years on the territory of the respective oblast, major city or the capital of the Republic. A deputy of the Majilis may be a person of the Republic of Kazakhstan who has reached twenty-five years of age.
5. Elections of deputies of the Parliament shall be regulated by the constitutional law.
6. A deputy shall take an oath before the people of Kazakhstan.
2. The deputies of Parliament must take part in its work. The deputies shall only vote in person in Parliament. Absence of a deputy at sittings of the Chambers and their bodies without a good reason for more than three times as well as transferring the right to vote shall cause the imposition of penalties established by law.
3. A deputy of Parliament shall have no right to be a deputy of another representative body, hold other paid offices, except teaching, research and creative activities, engage in entrepreneurial activity, and enter a managing body or a supervisory board of a commercial organization. Violation of this rule shall result in the termination of a deputy's powers.
4. A deputy of Parliament during the term of his office may not be arrested, subject to detention, measures of administrative punishment imposed by a court of law, arraigned on a criminal charge without the consent of a respective Chamber except for the cases of being apprehended on the scene of a crime or committing grave crimes.
5. The powers of the deputies of Parliament shall be terminated in cases of resignation, his death, being recognized of the deputy on the judgment which has entered validity incapacitated, died or is unknown absent and others provided by the Constitution and the constitutional law cases. A deputy of the Parliament shall be deprived of his mandate in cases of:
1) establishment permanent residency beyond the boundaries of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
2) enter in force of conviction against deputy;
3) loss of citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
A deputy of Majilis of the Parliament shall be deprived of his mandate in cases:
1) exit or an exception of the deputy from the political party from which according to the constitutional law the deputy is selected;
2) termination of activity of political party from which according to the constitutional law the deputy is selected. Powers of the appointed deputies of the Senate of the Parliament shall be ahead of schedule stopped under the decision of the President of the Republic. Powers of deputies of the Parliament and the Majilis of the Parliament stop in dissolution cases accordingly the Parliament and the Majilis of the Parliament.
6. Preparation of questions concerning the imposition of penalties on the deputies, their observance of the requirements of paragraph 3 of this article, principles of the deputies' ethics, as well as termination of the deputies' powers and deprivation of their powers and deputy immunity, shall be delegated to the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Parliament at a joint session of the Chambers shall:
1) introduce changes and additions to the Constitution at the proposal of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
2) approve the reports of the Government, and the Accounts Committee on the control over execution of the republican budget on execution of the republican budget. Non-approval the report of the Government about execution of the republican budget denotes the expression by the Parliament a vote of no confidence in the Government;
3) have the right to delegate legislative Powers for a term not exceeding one year to the President by two-thirds of the votes from the total number of deputies of each Chamber at the initiative of the President;
4) decide issues of war and peace;
5) adopt a decision concerning the use of the Armed Forces of the Republic to fulfill international obligations in support of peace and security at the proposal of the President of the Republic;
6) hear annual messages of the Constitutional Council of the Republic on the state of the constitutional legality in the Republic;
7) form joint commissions of the Chambers; elect and release from office their chairpersons; hear reports on the activity of the commissions;
8) exercise other powers assigned to the Parliament by the Constitution.
1. Parliament at separate sessions of the Chambers through consecutive consideration of issues first in the Majilis and then in the Senate shall adopt constitutional laws and law, including: 1) confirm the republican budget and make changes and additions in the budget;
2) establish and cancel the state taxes and tax collections;
3) establish the procedure for resolving the issues of the administrative-territorial division of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
4) establish state awards, honorary, military and other titles, ranked positions, diplomatic ranks of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and define state symbols of the Republic;
5) decide issues of state loans and rendering of economic and other assistance by the Republic;
6) decide issues of amnesty to citizens;
7) ratify and denounce international treaties of the Republic.
2. Parliament in separate session of Chambers by consecutive consideration of questions in the beginning in Majilis, and then in the Senate:
1) discuss the reports on execution of the republican budget;
2) spend second discussion and voting by laws or articles of the law which has caused objections of the President of the Republic, in a month from the day of a direction of objections. Non-observance of this term denotes the acceptance of objections of the President. If the Majilis and the Senate by the majority of two-thirds of votes of total number of deputies from each Chamber confirms the decision adopted earlier, the President shall sign the law within one month. If the President's objections are not overruled, at least by one of Chambers, the law shall be deemed not adopted or adopted in the version proposed by the President. Objections of the Head of the state on the constitutional laws passed by the Parliament are considered in the order provided by the present subparagraph. Thus objections of the President on the constitutional laws shall be overcome by the Parliament not less than three quarters of votes from total number of deputies of each of Chambers;
3) display the initiative about appointment of a republican referendum.
The following shall belong to exclusive jurisdiction of the Senate:
1) election and discharge from office, the Chairperson of the Supreme Court and judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic at the proposal of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and swearing them into office;
2) approval of the appointment of the Chairperson of National Bank, the Procurator General and the Chairperson of the Committee of National Security by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
3) deprivation of inviolability of the Procurator General, the Chairperson and judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic;
4) It was excluded according to Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan 21.05.07 № 254-III;
5) performance of functions of the Parliament of the Republic on acceptance of the constitutional laws and laws in time absence of the Majilis caused by the prescheduled termination of its powers;
6) realization of other powers assigned by the Constitution on the Senate of the Parliament.
1. The following belongs to exclusive jurisdiction of the Majilis:
1) accepting for consideration drafts of the constitutional laws brought in Parliament and laws and consideration of these drafts;
2) by a majority of votes from total number of deputies of Chamber consent to the President of the Republic on appointment of the Prime Minister of Republic;
3) announcing regular elections of the President of the Republic;
4) realization of other powers assigned by the Constitution on the Majilis of the Parliament.
2. The Majilis by a majority of votes from total number of deputies of the Majilis at the initiative of not less than one-five from total number of deputies of Majilis has the right to express a vote of no confidence in the Government.
Each Chamber of the Parliament independently, without participation of the other Chamber shall:
1) appoint two members of the Constitutional Council to office; appoint two members for a five-year term to the Central Election Commission and three members of the Accounts Committee for control over execution of the republican budget to office;
2) delegate half of the members of the commission formed by Parliament in the case envisaged by paragraph I of article 47 of the Constitution;
3) elect half of the members of joint commissions of the Chambers;
4) terminate powers of the deputies of the Chambers, as well as resolve the issues of depriving deputies of their deputy immunity at the proposal of the Procurator General of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
5) hold Parliamentary hearings on the issues of its jurisdiction;
6) have the right to hear reports of the members of the Government of the Republic on the issues of their activities at the initiative of no less than one-thirds from the total number of the deputies of the Chambers. Following the results of hearing the report by a majority of votes from total number of the deputies of the Chambers have the right to accept the reference to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan about releasing a member of the Government from office in the case of non-observance of the laws of the Republic. If the President of the Republic refuses such appeal, then the deputies, by a majority of votes from total number of the deputies of the Chambers, shall possess the right to put a question to the President anew on release from the position of a member of the Government on expiration of six months since the first appeal. In this case the President of the Republic shall release from the position of a member of the Government;
7) form coordinating and working bodies of the Chambers;
8) adopt procedural orders of their activities and other decisions on the issues connected with organization and the internal routine of the Chambers.
1. The Chambers shall be headed by their chairpersons who are elected by the Senate and the Majilis from among the deputies who have a perfect command of the state language, under secret ballot by a majority of votes from the total number of the deputies of the Chambers. The candidacy for the Chairperson of the Senate shall be nominated by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The candidacy for the Chairperson of the Majilis shall be nominated by the deputies of the Chamber.
2. The Chairpersons of the Chambers may be recalled from office and also have the right to submit their resignation if the majority of the total number of the deputies of the Chambers have voted against them.
3. The Chairpersons of Parliament's Chambers shall:
1) convene sessions of the Chambers and preside over them;
2) exercise general supervision in preparation of the issues under consideration by the Chambers;
3) nominate the candidacies of Deputy Chairpersons to the Chambers;
4) ensure the observance of the procedural orders in the activities of the Chambers;
5) supervise the activities of the coordinating bodies of the Chambers;
6) sign acts issued by the Chambers;
7) propose the candidacies of members to the Constitutional Council, the Central Election Commission and the Accounts Committee for control over execution of the republican budget to the Chambers for appointment to office;
8) fulfill other duties assigned to them by the procedural orders of Parliament.
4. The Chairperson of the Majilis shall:
1) open sessions of Parliament;
2) convene regular joint sessions of the Chambers, preside at regular and extraordinary joint sessions of the Chambers.
5. The chairpersons of the Chambers shall issue instructions on the items of their jurisdiction.
1. Parliament's sessions shall proceed in the form of joint and separate sessions of its (chambers).
2. The first session of Parliament shall be convened by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan no later than thirty days from the day of publishing of the election results.
3. Regular sessions of the Parliament shall be held once a year from the first working day of September to the last working day of June.
4. Session of Parliament, as a rule, shall be opened by the President of the Republic and closed at joint sessions of the Senate and Majilis. In the period between Parliament's sessions, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan may call an extraordinary session of the Parliament on his own initiative, at the suggestion of the chairpersons of the Chambers or no less than one-thirds from the total number of the deputies of the Parliament. Only the issues that were the reason for convocation shall be reviewed at this session.
5. Joint and separate sessions of the Chambers shall be held on condition that no less than two-thirds from the total number of the deputies of each Chamber are present.
6. Joint and separate sessions of the Chambers shall be open. In cases stipulated by the procedural orders, sessions may be closed. The President of the Republic, the Prime Minister and members of the Government, the Chairperson of National Bank, the Procurator General, the Chair-person of the Committee of National Security shall have the right to be present at any session and be heard.
1. The Chambers shall form standing committees, the number of which shall not exceed seven in each Chamber.
2. The Senate and Majilis shall have the right to form joint commissions on a parity basis for solution of issues dealing with the joint activity of the Chambers.
3. The committees and commissions shall issue resolutions on items of their jurisdictions.
4. The procedure of formation, the powers and organization of the activities of the committees and commissions shall be determined by law.
1. The right of a legislative initiative shall belong to the President the Republic, the deputies of the Parliament, to the Government and shall be realized exclusively in the Majilis.
2. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to determine priority consideration of draft of laws as well as to declare consideration of a draft of law urgent signifying that Parliament must consider this draft within a month from the day of its submission. If the Parliament does not meet this requirement, the President of the Republic shall have the right to issue a decree having the force of law which shall be. in effect until Parliament adopts a new law as established by the Constitution.
3. Parliament shall have the right to issue laws that regulate the most important public relations, establish fundamental principles and standards dealing with:
1) legal capacity of individuals and legal entities, civil freedoms and rights, obligations and responsibility of individuals and legal entities;
2) conditions of ownership and other rights of property;
3) foundations of organization and activity of state bodies and bodies of local self-administration, state and military service;
4) taxation, establishment and levying of duties and other obligatory payments;
5) the republican budget;
6) issues of the judicial system and legal proceedings;
7) education, health care and social provision;
8) privatization of enterprises and their property;
9) environmental protection;
10) administrative-territorial structure of the Republic;
11) ensuring defense and security of the state. All other relations shall be regulated by legislative acts.
4. A draft of law considered and approved by the majority of votes from the total number of the deputies of the Majilis shall be transmitted to the Senate where it shall be considered for no more than sixty days. A draft of law approved by the majority of votes of the total number of deputies of the Senate shall become the law and shall be submitted to the President to be signed within ten days . A draft of law rejected as a whole by the majority of votes from the total number of the Senate's deputies shall be returned to the Majilis. If the Majilis approves the draft of law again by the majority of two-thirds of votes from the total number of its deputies, it shall be transferred to the Senate for a second discussion and voting. A twice -rejected draft may not be submitted again during the same session.
5. Amendments and additions to a draft of law proposed by the majority of votes from the total number of the Senate's deputies shall be sent to the Majilis. If the Majilis by the majority of votes from the total number of its deputies agrees with the proposed amendments and additions, the law shall be deemed to be adopted. If the Majilis by the same majority of votes objects to the amendments and additions proposed by the Senate, the disagreement between the Chambers shall be resolved through conciliatory procedures.
5-1. The draft of the constitutional law considered and approved not less than two-thirds of votes from the total number of the deputies of the Majilis shall be transmitted to the Senate where it shall be considered for no more than sixty days. Adopted not less than two-thirds of votes of total number of deputies of the Senate the draft shall become the constitutional law and within ten days shall be submitted to the President of the Republic for the signature. The rejecting the whole draft of the constitutional law shall be carried out by Majilis or the Senate by the majority of votes from total number of the deputies of the Chamber. Brought by the Senate not less than two thirds of votes of its deputies of changes and additions in the draft of the constitutional law shall direct to Majilis. If the Majilis not less than two-thirds of votes of its deputies shall agree with the changes brought by the Senate and additions, the constitutional law shall be considered accepted. If the Majilis at voting by the changes brought by the Senate and additions shall be disagreed with them not less than two-thirds of votes of deputies disagreements between Chambers shall be resolved by conciliation procedures.
6. Drafts of law envisioning reduction of state revenues or increase in state expenditures may be submitted only when supplied with the positive resolution of the Government of the Republic. For drafts of the acts brought in Majilis of the Parliament as the legislative initiative of the President of the Republic, presence of such conclusion shall not required.
7. In the case when of a draft of law submitted by the Government is<
Created at : 13.04.2017, 10:30, Updated at : 23.03.2019, 18:00
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Was 911 Allowed to Happen?
only succeed if we, the general public, remain ignorant and passive.
goal is to use mainstream sources to open eyes to new possibilities.
likely want to join in working together to build a brighter future.
possibility that an airplane could be used to bomb national landmarks.
the Taliban alienates the US and the contract falls through.
the bowels of CIA headquarters, known as the Bin Laden Room.
of terror organizations and its refusal to help in the investigation.
planned role in a terror attack was to crash a plane into CIA headquarters.
Dec 1998: A Time magazine cover story entitled "The Hunt for Osama,"
hijackers use Visa Express over the next month to enter the US.
Canadian-trained Dr. Callaway at the American Hospital in Dubai. Dr.
minister that bin Laden is planning an imminent huge attack on US soil.
buried by the next day�s news of 911.
revealing a surge in financial transactions just before the attacks.
WTC computer systems immediately before and during the disaster.
Sep 11, 2001: The entire US is defended by only seven air bases.
9:28 AM: Air traffic control learns that Flight 93 has been hijacked.
Sep 11, 2001: Hours after the attacks, a "shadow government" is formed.
the United States of this nature. So this is not entirely unexpected."
communications of al-Qaeda on 911?
administration of reneging on an agreement on this anti-terrorist bill.
out how to stop millions from dying because of biological weapons.
infectious diseases�killed in carjacking, later deemed possible stroke.
are completely identical to the route of the projected oil pipeline.
with severe droughts reduced Afghanistan's opium yield by 91% in 2001.
production which had almost stopped?
in Aug 2001. It is unclear why they waited eight months to reveal this.
there is far more damaging information that has not yet been disclosed.
been linked to the hijackings and probably will turn out to be innocent.


text:
Staff stressors and staff outcomes in services for people with intellectual disabilities.
Hatton, Chris and Rivers, Morna and Mason, Heidi and Mason, Linda and Kiernan, Chris and Emerson, Eric and Alborz, Alison and Reeves, David (1999) Staff stressors and staff outcomes in services for people with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 20. pp. 269-285. ISSN 0891-4222
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-4222(99)00009-8
This paper reports on the development, psychometric properties, and validity of a self-report measure designed to assess potential stressors among staff in services for people with intellectual disabilities, the 33-item Staff Stressor Questionnaire (SSQ). A questionnaire including the SSQ and scales measuring staff outcomes was administered to 512 staff across seven services for people with intellectual disabilities. The SSQ was factor analyzed to produce seven subscales reflecting different potential stressors for staff: user challenging behavior; poor user skills; lack of staff support; lack of resources; low-status job; bureaucracy; and work-home conflict. The SSQ subscales showed adequate internal reliability in terms of Cronbach's alpha and mean inter-item correlations. Associations between SSQ subscale scores and different staff groups, and patterns of associations between SSQ subscales and a range of staff outcomes, provided evidence suggestive of the face-, construct-, and criterion-related validity of the questionnaire. The SSQ shows promise as a measure for assessing potential stressors for staff in services for people with intellectual disabilities. Further studies to examine the reliability, validity, and utility of the SSQ are recommended.
Research in Developmental Disabilities
/dk/atira/pure/researchoutput/libraryofcongress/r1
Mrs Janet Harris

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Arsenal play Wigan tonight in the Carling Cup, the squads have been announced, we've got Bischoff set to make his debut, and Vela should play up front with Ramsey and Wilshere in midfield.
The Boss has been talking about what a gamble signing Bischoff was this summer, he had injury problems for a few years, and he didn't play much for Werder Bremen.
Also have a look at this video of Adebayor singing at Stamford Bridge!
Click here to subscribe to our news feed!
It should say singing !.
all sorted mate, should have the highlights of that excellent game against Wigan up later!


Did your lawmakers even contact you regarding your views on the issue of allowing educators to carry guns in public schools across Mississippi?
When Mississippi lawmakers declined to come to an agreement in the best interests of their constituents, it sends a clear message: "Politics before people." The Mississippi Senate Judiciary committee passed a bill that allows teachers and other public school officials to carry firearms on school campuses in the state of Mississippi.
Senators from this committee passed a vote of 7-4, they called this so-called bill the" Mississippi School Safety Act," and this comes days after the school shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida.
Mississippi has the highest level of poverty in the entire country. Mississippi has a poverty rate of 22 percent and the lowest life expectancy of 74.5 years. Mississippi has the lowest median household income at $37,432. Mississippi finished last on Forbes' magazine's list of "The Best States for Business and Careers." The state ranks in the bottom three in both college and high school attainment rates.
More: America, how many more innocent souls must die?
Healthcare in Mississippi is inadequate. Mississippi hasn't experienced any significant health care reform in decades. More than a quarter of Mississippians don't have health care. Governor Phi Bryant opted out of the Medicaid expansion that was set in place for those Americans who previously didn't qualify for Medicaid because the expansion would grant coverage based on income alone.
Mississippi is facing multiple budget cuts that are shrinking the state workforce and taking much-needed revenue from schools and other institutions.
With Mississippi in the middle of an education crisis — Mississippi schools are consistently ranked last nationally in numerous education surveys — can the state really take a chance on allowing guns in schools or putting the burden of safety in the hand of educators?
We already spend far less than the national average per student. Mississippi spends an approximately $8,164 per student yearly, while the national average is $10,936.
The more funds that a school district has, the higher quality teachers they can afford, and the better books and teaching tools they can buy.
Other states have more revenue to fund their school districts because the residents in those states often have higher household earnings than Mississippians.
But in Mississippi, schools are forced to rely on federal dollars, the amount of which is determined by the adequate education funding formula — which lawmakers are refusing to fund fully.
According to a recent report by the Southern Poverty Law Center, "Mississippi has the third most hate groups in the country with five hate groups per million residents and 15 total hate groups operating within the state." What if members of one those hate groups are one of the public school educators? What if they brought a gun into the school more freely now based on this new law?
Mississippi is the only state in America that officially flies the Confederate battle emblem in its state flag. Every other state has taken it down and renounced it. They've accepted it for what it is. This current legislative session, not one bill came out of committee to allow a vote on the Confederate flag in Mississippi, yet Mississippi lawmakers have allowed a bill to come out of committee that could endanger the lives of precious students and put undue stress on educators.
In a state that has such a torrid history when it comes to slavery, why would lawmakers seek to use every possible moment for progress to revert backward? One would think that lawmakers would be eager to run away from such a dark history, but it's just the opposite. It seems that lawmakers fully embrace it.
I want to challenge you the citizens to ask yourself a question. Did your lawmakers even contact you regarding your views on the issue of allowing educators to carry guns in public schools across Mississippi? I said it many times, but I don't mind repeating myself- it is time to mobilize now for the next state Senate and Congress elections across the state of Mississippi.
We have to start laying the groundwork for change in the state of Mississippi, and it starts with you and me.
I'm asking Mississippi elected officials to stop playing politics with issues that affect lives of our precious children. If Mississippi consistently ranks among the worst in the country, then we must do something drastic.
This is why it's becoming even more important that each Mississippian become involved in the political process. Demand your seat at the table.
When politicians use their power irresponsibly, then it's up to us to demand accountability. And if they will not hear you, then you must be prepared to use your vote to place someone in office that will sit down with you and listen to your needs.
Duvalier Malone, a Mississippi native, is a Washington, D.C.-based motivational speaker, political consultant and community activist.


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The conductors range is substantial and Nexans is able to propose the suitable way.


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text:
Emblem Eps4
T Top Mar 17, 2017 at 08:47 pm
In Emblem
"what?!" Jude rose up in a rage. His eyes was turning red already.
"sit ya ass down Jude" his other uncle said, pointing to the seat with his walking stick.
Jude's brother then continued .
"Mama told us everything about the outcast you brought home some weeks back........."
Jude cut in angrily "She's not an outcast brother. Her name is Alice"
His mother looked at him with disdain and hissed.
"Oh please spare me the joke. We ibos refer to other tribes as outcast" Jude's brother replied sharply with his rugged voice. He and Jude haven't been good terms since he asked him for money and the latter refused. Since Jude started work and earning money, his brother hasn't stopped asking him for money. Jude suddenly felt agitated and decided to stop giving him money since all he uses the money for is to gamble and drink.
"So as i was saying" he continued
"Mama told us of the number of times she has tried to hook you up with a responsible girl from this our village and you kept on rejecting them. But judging from the description Mama gave us about the girl you brought two weeks, we've been able to find the perfect girl for you" he paused, trying to catch Jude's expression. Jude was quiet, obviously boiling in anger. Nnamdi, his brother continued when he saw that he's not ready to talk
"She is Chinedu's last daughter. She's also in the city just like Alim, abi what was it you called her. So she's up to your standard"
Jude looked at his Nnamdi's face, then his mother's and his 2 Uncles' according to the way they were seated.
"I thought this meeting was supposed to be a reconciliation meeting between me and brother" he finally blotted
Nnamdi and Mama exchanged glances and burst into laughter. The two uncles later joined them. Jude was looking at them all as they laugh.
"What reconciliation are you talking about Jude" Nnamdi asked
"The last time you came to meet me in the city asking for more money and i refused, you said you were never gonna forgive me" Jude said
Nnamdi laughed again, this time alone. The others were just humming
"C'mon Jude, don't tell you took me serious with everything i said that day. I was only angry na, in fact when i came back to the village that same day, one of my debtors came to pay back" he explained
"hmmmmmm" Jude sighed. He could smell the lies in his brother's words. He knows him to be a very cunning man.
"My son, i know everything may seem confused to you now but you should know i will never do anything to jeopardise your future. I've always dreamed of you marrying from this village. This girl we've prepared for you will make you happy" Jude's mother said.
Jude couldn't sleep that night. He kept on turning and turning. He just couldn't find himself leaving Alice, he loves her with his whole life.
He and the others had ended the meeting with arguments few hours ago. He made it clear to his family members that he's never going to leave Alice.
"we will see how you will marry her without the backing of your family members" Nnamdi said, stomping out of the compound.
His house is situated few houses away from his mother's house. Despite the fact that he has nothing doing for a living, he lavishly spends any money that comes in contact with him. The plea of his brother about getting a job fell on deaf ears. Even though he has nothing substantial, that didn't stop him from impregnating two women at the same time. To crown it all, by the time the both of them gave birth, each of them had twins, therefore making a total of four children at the same time. Such is the life of Nnamdi.
Jude left the village the following morning without saying bye to his mother or brother.
"It's just so annoying really" said Jude after telling Alice what the meeting was all about. He went straight to Alice place, immediately he got back from his village.
"Hmmmm" Alice sighed
"Alice!" he called, then he held her hands and stared into her beautiful brown eyes. He could read anxiety and worry in them. "damn! I love this lady" his heart screamed.
"Let's get married next month" he said, still looking into her eyes. He wasn't sure about what her response will be.
"Next month?!!!!" Alice almost screamed, she had wanted an early marriage but not definitely a short courtship. They just got engaged not quite a month ago.
"Yes, next month. That's the only way to prevent my family from coming between us. They won't stop till they drift us apart but once we are married, there's nothing else they can do" he explained further.
"I thought you said your mother only said those things out of saying sake" she said almost immediately, withdrawing her hand.
"I know, but we never can say what her next step will be, now that she has involved my brother and uncles" he replied solemnly. "I can't afford to lose you Alice, you are all i want in a lady" he added.
A week later, Jude went home to announce his wedding preparations to his family after been persuaded by Alice.
"I don't think it's right for us to get married without the knowledge of your family. That will make me look cheap" she said.
Jude broke the news to his mother who felt undaunted and kept mute throughout the period Jude talked about getting married to Alice. Jude looked like a fool, he was definitely expecting more than his mother looking at him while he fantasies about Alice.
"The igwe will like to have a word with you in his palace" she finally spake. She sighed and went out of the mini sitting room.
Jude couldn't believe his ears.
"The igwe?!" he stuttered.
Igwe Obiekwe Ozokwere 3rd has been a role model to Jude since he was made the Igwe of Amutafia village years back. Jude had fallen in love with his leadership skills and courage. No doubt he respects him a lot just like the other villagers but now he's surprised this same igwe has requested his presence at the royal house. Such an honor has never been bestowed upon him in times past.
He changed his shirts in a jiffy and hurried out of the house to the royal house.
"Igwe!!!!!!!" he greeted, lying on his chest.
Igwe stretched his mantle towards him and he rose to his feet immediately. He sat down on the special seat for visitors as ordered by the igwe.
"I just arrived from the city and my mother told me you requested for my presence" he said after being offered palm wine and kola by the palace maids.
"What is this i hear about you wanting to marry an outcast?" igwe dropped the bombshell almost immediately.
Jude was thrown off balance. His mother had definitely come to discuss with igwe. He kept mute, not knowing what next to say.
"I have a proposal for you" igwe continued, not giving attention to his shock.
©Toluwanimi Odeniyi
Previous series
In my sleep
Funnymemes: Smart phones are taking us back to the stone age
Funny meme : When you have glutton as friend
Stop assuming!!
Funnypix_The thief just caught up with this man


text:
Moavero at the UN, clarify his sources
 Foreign Minister Enzo Moavero, instructed the Italian representative at the "United Nations in Geneva, Ambassador Cornado, to contact the signatories of the letter sent to Italy," to ask for more precise information on the sources used ". A note from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs makes it clear that "communications", such as the one received, "are letters about alleged human rights violations, which occurred or are about to occur" whose content "is based on information received from various sources which, sometimes , were found to be inaccurate or unreliable ". "Minister Moavero commissioned Ambassador Cornado to contact the holders of special procedures signatories of the communication addressed to Italy, to ask for more precise elements on the sources, yesterday - reads the note - the Italian Permanent Representative at the United Nations in Geneva, Ambassador Cornado. used, on the methodology and timing of their work and to clarify some elements of timely reply to their letter, "reads the note. The letter was sent in the framework of the so-called "special procedures", a generic name which designates the ordinary mechanisms established by the United Nations Human Rights Council to examine, monitor, advise and report on the human rights situation in the various states ". The procedures special - the note recalls - can be activated in relation to individual specific states or to concerns of a broader and more general nature, may involve visits to countries and / or sending communications to states to bring to their attention alleged human rights violations. "The 'communications', like the one now received from Italy, are letters about alleged human rights violations, which have occurred or are about to occur. They have no judicial or investigative character and do not include obligations or sanctions. The content of the communications - the note continues - is based on information received from various sources which, at times, were found to be inaccurate or unreliable. The communications are drafted by the holders of special procedures, independent experts who work on a personal basis and independently. The letters and any replies from the recipient state are published in periodic reports and on the website of the Human Rights Council, so that they are known to the public. The letter sent to Italy will be included in the report for the period from March 1 to May 31, 2019. "From January 1, 2018 - he concludes - Italy has received a total of 8 communications. In the same period there are" many "States that" have received communications "such as, for example," the United States that received 30, the United Kingdom 16, France 12, Spain 7 and Germany 2 ".
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text:
The power to pardon
It was never envisioned by the voting delegates that a president might be allowed to pardon the person he sees in his mirror.
The power to pardon It was never envisioned by the voting delegates that a president might be allowed to pardon the person he sees in his mirror. Check out this story on greenvilleonline.com: https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/opinion/2018/02/18/opinion/344996002/
Mark Hopkins Published 12:30 p.m. ET Feb. 18, 2018
Mark Hopkins(Photo: Submitted)
Rumors and innuendo continue to swirl around the Special Counsel's office and four criminal indictments already have been issued. Considering the negative possibilities of the situation it is not surprising that I have received several queries about presidential pardons.
Yes, all presidents have the power to pardon those who have broken the law. Such pardon power was written into the U.S. Constitution in 1787. There was no small amount of disagreement among the delegates on that subject in that first Constitutional Convention.
Edmund Randolph, a staunch federalist, voiced fear that "with pardon power a traitorous president could shield himself from justice." George Mason, author of the Bill of rights, imagined pardon power to be used to "screen from punishment those the president had instigated to commit the crime."
Still, the majority of the delegates at the convention believed the president should have the power to pardon. So, it was written into our Constitution in Article II, Section 2, Clause 1.
"…and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States except in cases of impeachment."
Thus, it was never envisioned by the voting delegates that a president might be allowed to pardon the person he sees in his mirror.
George Washington was the first to use the pardon. He pardoned two who were involved in the Whisky Rebellion (A tax rebellion in western Pennsylvania.). He said one was a "simpleton," and the other was, "insane."
Abraham Lincoln granted 343 pardons, many to Union Army deserters facing execution. He said, "If Almighty God gives a man a cowardly pair of legs, how can he help their running away with him?" It should be noted that one of the first Confederates to apply for a pardon and swear an oath of allegiance to the United States was General Robert E. Lee. He said, "True patriotism sometimes requires of men to act exactly contrary, at one period, to that which it does at another." In contrast, Confederate President, Jefferson Davis refused a pardon stating, "Repentance must precede the right of pardon, and I have not repented."
Well known personalities who have committed crimes and been pardoned by presidents include the following: Harry Flipper, the first black graduate of a military academy (Clinton); Eugene Dibs, an anti-draft activist before World War I , (Harding); Iva D'Aguino. She was the celebrated Tokyo Rose, made famous as a spokesperson for Japan in World War II, (Ford); W. Mark Felt, The Watergate scandal's "Deep Throat." (Reagan); Roger Clinton, Convicted of drug charges. (Clinton); Scooter Libby, convicted of obstructing justice. (George W. Bush); Chelsea Manning, indicted for espionage. (Obama).
Perhaps the most celebrated pardon of modern times is that given to President Richard Nixon by President Gerald Ford. Nixon, while still president, knew when he was forced to turn over the Watergate tapes to the Special Prosecutor that he would be impeached and convicted of obstructing justice. Contemplating resignation to avoid impeachment, he implored Vice President Gerald Ford to guarantee that upon taking office he would pardon Nixon. Ford refused. Having no other option, Nixon resigned. (August 9, 1974)
In September of 1974, President Ford granted Nixon a pardon. He justified it in two ways. First, he said we needed to "end our long national nightmare." Second, he cited the Supreme Court case of "Burdick vs. The United States", (1919) where the Supreme Court found that acceptance of the pardon was an admission of guilt. Thus, when Nixon accepted the pardon he was, in fact, admitting guilt in the Watergate cover-up. Thus, President Ford felt strongly that he ended the "nightmare," but not without Nixon accepting responsibility for his crimes.
All presidents except William H. Harrison and James A. Garfield issued pardons. Franklin D. Roosevelt granted the most (2819), followed by Truman (1913), and Eisenhower (1087). George H. W. Bush granted the fewest, (74), followed by George W. Bush (189), and Barack Obama (212).
Read or Share this story: https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/opinion/2018/02/18/opinion/344996002/
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Matchmaking is the alternative to fighting against the AI/computer-controlled Clans. This takes place against real-life, human opponents. The opponent you are.
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Jan 02, · coc matchmaking lipservice for our clan, all we have ever asked for was an equitable match no matter if it took 10 or minutes to find. at this point in time and after over a dozen emails sent to supercell, i feel fairly comfortable saying that supercell's matchmaking tweak has .
Updated War Weights Calculator & Upgrade Priority for Clan Wars by Doc Holliday June 21, , PM M Views Comments. Hello, everyone! I was able to keep it reasonably accurate when the website used to post the war weights in the stats from the game files, but they have stopped and don't provide that data now.
So once the new matchmaking update was being discussed, I was happy. I was hoping we could ditch all the engineered bases and run a legit.
Which upgrade will help you most in Clan War in Clash of Clans. to see how upgrades will affect your clans matchmaking in Clan War.
We're aware that search times are taking much longer than usual for players at all levels. This is due to the high amount of attacks going on.
Hey Guys Share your experiences about the matchmaking post the March Update. Please be specific when you reply. Make sure the.
Clan War Leagues explained: matchmaking, League Medals, clan size, extra bonus and League Shop. Clash of Clans Clan War Leagues Select Participants.
Real-time overview of problems with Clash of Clans. @ FutureWarClan @clashofclans how about you fix your matchmaking and cloud.


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Two Liberal Immigration Groups Merge In Anticipation Of GOP Takeover Of Congress
By Sebastian Hughes
Cornerstone Content/Featured News/Tales from the Left/The Swamp/Top Headlines/Trending News/US and World News
San Ysidro, California - 11/26/2018: The secured border fence and road for United States border patrol vehicles on the US - Mexico international border in California
Two liberal immigration groups will merge in order to better prepare for a GOP-led Congress in 2022, Axios reported.
The two groups, the New American Economy (NAE) and the American Immigration Council (AIC), gained influence over the past few years, especially during the Trump administration, Axios reported. The power they have would be diminished, however, if conservatives regained control of Congress.
"I believe our field needs to evolve, and that it's time to reimagine our work in a way that helps us best serve newcomers while rebuilding a bipartisan and constructive case for what immigration means for America," Michael Bloomberg, who founded NAE more than a decade ago, told Axios.
"It's rare that nonprofits merge, but it shouldn't be," Jeremy Robbins, executive director of NAE who will retain that title for the new group, told the Axios.
The combined group will operate under AIC's name, Axios reported. The American Immigration Lawyers Association, which reportedly remains the only U.S. legal association for immigration attorneys, founded AIC.
"The newly combined organization will have a broad suite of advocacy tools to better expand and protect the rights of immigrants, more fully ensure immigrants' ability to succeed economically, and help make the communities they settle in more welcoming," NAE said in a statement on Monday.
"The advocacy tools and networks the two organizations are bringing are complimentary, and the merger will help each of the respective bodies of work have more impact," NAE said.
NAE has worked to develop economic research alongside building state and local advocacy networks that have a presence in more than 100 communities, Axios reported. These efforts will continue after the merger.
The GOP made gains with the Latino community, a demographic often at the center of immigration debates, in the 2020 presidential election. A new poll from Bendixen & Amandi International showed that only two percent of Hispanic voters identify as "Latinx," a gender-neutral term used predominately among liberals.
"To be clear my office is not allowed to use 'Latinx' in official communications," Democratic Arizona Rep. Ruben Gallego tweeted Monday. "When Latino politicos use the term it is largely to appease white rich progressives who think that is the term we use."
"It is a vicious circle of confirmation bias," Gallego said.
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Can you remember a period in your life when, if you look back on it now, time seemed to stretch on forever? When a week seemed like four, or an hour seemed like it went on for days? What were you doing during that period?
Chances are, you were probably doing something (or a whole bunch of somethings) that was brand new to you and demanded your attention. The funny thing is, by focusing on what you were doing, you actually slowed down time (or how your brain perceived that time, anyway).
Before I explain these time-bending powers you didn't know you had, let's back up a bit and look at how our brains perceive time normally.
Our 'sense' of time is unlike our other senses—i.e. taste, touch, smell, sight and hearing. With time, we don't so much sense it as perceive it.
When our brains receive new information, it doesn't necessarily come in the proper order. This information needs to be reorganized and presented to us in a form we understand. When familiar information is processed, this doesn't take much time at all. New information, however, is a bit slower and makes time feel elongated.
Even stranger, it isn't just a single area of the brain that controls our time perception—it's done by a whole bunch of brain areas, unlike our common five senses, which can each be pinpointed to a single, specific area.
Conversely, if your brain doesn't have to process lots of new information, time seems to move faster, so the same amount of time will actually feel shorter than it would otherwise. This happens when you take in lots of information that's familiar, because you've processed it before. Your brain doesn't have to work very hard, so it processes time faster.
Interestingly though, that doesn't mean doing something over and over again, can't have a significant impact on your brain, in fact practice can fundamentally rewire your brain, too.
The more detailed the memory, the longer the moment seems to last. "This explains why we think that time speeds up when we grow older," Eagleman said—why childhood summers seem to go on forever, while old age slips by while we're dozing. The more familiar the world becomes, the less information your brain writes down, and the more quickly time seems to pass.
The best example of this is the so-called oddball effect—an optical illusion that Eagleman had shown me in his lab. It consisted of a series of simple images flashing on a computer screen. Most of the time, the same picture was repeated again and again: a plain brown shoe. But every so often a flower would appear instead. To my mind, the change was a matter of timing as well as of content: the flower would stay onscreen much longer than the shoe. But Eagleman insisted that all the pictures appeared for the same length of time. The only difference was the degree of attention that I paid to them. The shoe, by its third or fourth appearance, barely made an impression. The flower, more rare, lingered and blossomed, like those childhood summers.
So if your brain got hit with loads of new information over the course of a day, and the following day received hardly any new information, the first day would seem much longer than the first, even though they were exactly the same.
New experiences also happen to improve how we learn and remember information, which I've explored before.
Of course, we don't normally notice this process taking place; all we notice is the weird feeling of a day being really long, even though we know it was just 24 hours.
As we age, this process comes into play even more, making time seem to fly by much faster. This is because the more we age, the more often we come into contact with information our brains have already processed. This familiar information takes a shortcut through our brains, giving us the feeling that time is speeding up and passing us by.
For young children, it's easy to see how this would work in reverse, since the majority of information their brains are processing would be brand new, and require more time to process.
Learning about the brain is always fascinating, but it's even better when you can put that learning into practice. That's why I love this idea of time perception so much—we can use it to our advantage fairly easily.
According to the research, if we feed our brains more new information, the extra processing time required will make us feel like time is moving more slowly. And supposing it's true that perception is reality, we'd effectively be making our days longer. How awesome is that?
Here are five ways you could put this into practice immediately. If you have more ideas, I'd love to hear them!
Learning new things is a pretty obvious way to pass your brain new information on a regular basis. If you're constantly reading, trying new activities or taking courses to learn new skills, you'll have a wealth of 'newness' at your fingertips to help you slow down time.
A new environment can send a mass of information rushing to your brain—smells, sounds, people, colors, textures. Your brain has to interpret all of this. Exposing your brain to new environments regularly will give it plenty of work to do, letting you enjoy longer-seeming days.
This doesn't necessarily mean world travels, though. Working from a cafe or a new office could do the trick. As could trying a new restaurant for dinner or visiting a friend's house you haven't been to.
We all know how much energy we put into interactions with other people. Unlike objects, people are complex and take more effort to 'process' and understand.
Meeting new people, then, is a good workout for our brains. That kind of interaction offers us lots of new information to make sense of, like names, voices, accents, facial features and body language.
Have you ever played dodgeball on trampolines? How about jumped from a plane or raced cheese down a hill?
Doing new stuff means you have to pay attention. Your brain is on high alert and your senses are heightened, because you're taking in new sensations and feelings at a rapid rate. As your brain takes in and notices every little detail, that period of time seems to stretch out longer and longer in your mind.
Surprises are like new activities: they make us pay attention and heighten our senses. Anyone who hates surprises can attest to that.
If you want to stretch out your day, this is a good way to do it. Try surprising your brain with new experiences spontaneously—the less time you give your brain to prepare itself, the less familiar it will be with any information it receives, and the longer it will take to process that time period. In fact, overwhelming your brain, which we discussed before, is one of the best ways to make time slow down.
Can you think of any other way to send new information to your brain and make it slow down time?


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Провінція Дар'є́н () — провінція на сході Панами. Це найбільша за площею, але малонаселена провінція країни, з дуже вологим та теплим кліматом.

Географія
Площа провінції становить 11 091 км². Розташована на сході країни. Межує з Колумбією (на півдні та сході), провінцією Панама (на північному заході) і комарок: Ембера-Воунаан, Куна-де-Варґанді і Ґуна-Яла. Омивається водами Тихого океану (на південному заході) і Панамської затоки (на заході). Центральна частина території Дар'єн являє собою горбисту рівнину, яку омивають річки Туіра і Чукунаке, і оточена гірськими масивами Сан-Блас, Багре, Пірре і Сальтос. Найвищі гори - Такаркуна (2280 м), Пінья (1581 м), Пірре (1569 м), Ніке (1550 м) і Чуканті (1430 м).

На території провінції розташований національний парк Дар'єн, який є об'єктом Всесвітньої спадщини ЮНЕСКО.

Клімат
Річна норма опадів на узбережжі поблизу містечка Гарачіне становить від 1700 до 2000 мм, тоді як передгір'я у внутрішніх районах провінції приймають аж до 8000 мм опадів на рік, що робить їх одним з найвологіших регіонів планети. Середні температури змінюються залежно від висоти від 17 до 35 °C.

Населення
Населення провінції за даними на 2010 рік становить 48 378 осіб. Щільність населення - всього 4,36 чол./км².

Адміністративний поділ
В адміністративному відношенні ділиться на 2 округи:
 Чепігана
 Піногана

Провінції Панами

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