text:
Title: Barnard College
Subject: Columbia University, Mirra Komarovsky, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Mount Holyoke College, Mary Gordon (writer)
Hepomene toi logismoi (Greek)
Motto in English
Following the Way of Reason
Private liberal arts college
$244.2 million (as of 2013)[1]
Debora Spar
NCAA Division I – Ivy League
(Competes under Columbia University)
16 varsity teams
Barnard Bears
Millie the Dancing Bear[2]
NAICU
www.barnard.edu
Barnard College is a private women's liberal arts college in the United States and one of the Seven Sisters. Founded in 1889, it has been affiliated with Columbia University since 1900. Barnard's 4-acre (1.6 ha) campus stretches along Broadway between 116th and 120th Streets in the Morningside Heights neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, in New York City. It is directly across Broadway from Columbia's campus and near several other academic institutions and has been used by Barnard since 1898.
2 Relationship with Columbia University
3 Admissions
3.1 Academic ranking
4 Barnard Library
4.1 Zine Collection
5 Culture and student life
5.1 Student organizations
5.2 Traditions
5.3 Athletics
5.4 Seven Sisters—student collaborations
7 Liberal arts requirements
8 Controversies
9 Leaders
10 Notable people
The entrance to Barnard Hall
Columbia College, Columbia University admitted only men for undergraduate study for 229 years.[3] Barnard College was founded to provide an undergraduate education for women comparable to that of Columbia and other Ivy League schools. The college was named after Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard, an American educator and mathematician, who served as the tenth president of Columbia from 1864 to 1889. He advocated equal educational privileges for men and women, preferably in a coeducational setting, and began proposing in 1879 that Columbia admit women.[4]
The board of trustees repeatedly rejected Barnard's suggestion,[4] but in 1883 agreed to create a detailed syllabus of study for women. While they could not attend Columbia classes, those who passed examinations based on the syllabus would receive a degree. The first such woman graduate received her bachelor's degree in 1887. A former student of the program, Annie Nathan Meyer,[5] and other prominent New York women persuaded the board in 1889 to create a women's college connected to Columbia.[4]
Barnard College's original 1889 home was a rented brownstone at 343 Madison Avenue, where a faculty of six offered instruction to 14 students in the School of Arts, as well as to 22 "specials", who lacked the entrance requirements in Greek and so enrolled in science. When Columbia University announced in 1892 its impending move to Morningside Heights, Barnard built a new campus on 119th-120th Streets with gifts from Mary E. Brinckerhoff, Elizabeth Milbank Anderson and Martha T. Fiske. Milbank, Brinckerhoff, and Fiske Halls, built in 1897–1898, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.[6]
Ella Weed supervised the college in its first four years; Emily James Smith succeeded her as Barnard's first dean.[4] As the college grew it needed additional space, and in 1903 it received the three blocks south of 119th Street from Anderson who had purchased a former portion of the Bloomingdale Asylum site from the New York Hospital.[7] By the mid-20th century Barnard had succeeded in its original goal of providing an elite education to women. Between 1920 and 1974, only the much larger Hunter College and University of California, Berkeley produced more women graduates who later received doctorate degrees.[8]
Students' Hall, now known as Barnard Hall, was built in 1916. Brooks and Hewitt Halls were built in 1906–1907 and 1926–1927, respectively.[9] They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.[6]
Relationship with Columbia University
Hewitt Hall, a dormitory
Barnard president Debora Spar said in 2012, "the relationship [between Barnard and Columbia] is admittedly a complicated one, a unique one and one that may take a few sentences to explain to the outside community".[10] The college's front gates state Barnard College of Columbia University.[11] Barnard describes itself as "both an independently incorporated educational institution and an official college of Columbia University",[12] and advises students to state "Barnard College, Columbia University" or "Barnard College of Columbia University" on résumés.[13] Columbia describes Barnard as an affiliated institution[14] that is a faculty of the university[15] or is "in partnership with" it.[16] An academic journal describes Barnard as a former affiliate that became a school within the university.[4] Facebook includes Barnard students and alumnae within the Columbia interest group.[17] Both the college and Columbia evaluate Barnard faculty for tenure,[18] and Barnard graduates receive Columbia University diplomas signed by both the Barnard and Columbia presidents.[19]
Smith and Columbia president Seth Low worked to open Columbia classes to Barnard students. By 1900 they could attend Columbia classes in philosophy, political science, and several scientific fields.[4] That year Barnard formalized an affiliation with the university which made available to its students the instruction and facilities of Columbia.[12] Franz Boas, who taught at both Columbia and Barnard in the early 1900s, was among those faculty members who reportedly found Barnard students superior to their male Columbia counterparts.[8] From 1955 Columbia and Barnard students could register for the other school's classes with the permission of the instructor; from 1973 no permission was needed.[5]
By the 1940s other undergraduate and graduate divisions of Columbia University admitted women.[3] Columbia president William J. McGill predicted in 1970 that Barnard College and Columbia College would merge within five years.[20] Columbia's financial difficulties during the 1970s increased its desire to merge,[21] but Barnard resisted doing so because of the university's large debt.[22] After a decade of failed negotiations for a merger with Barnard akin to the one between Harvard College and Radcliffe College, Columbia College instead began admitting women in 1983.[23][3] Applications to Columbia rose 56% that year, making admission more selective, and nine Barnard students transferred to Columbia. Eight students admitted to both Columbia and Barnard chose Barnard, while 78 chose Columbia.[24] Within a few years, however, selectivity rose at both schools as they received more women applicants than expected.[3]
The Columbia-Barnard affiliation continued.[23] As of 2012 Barnard pays Columbia about $5 million a year under the terms of the "interoperate relationship", which the two schools renegotiate every 15 years.[10] Despite the affiliation Barnard is legally and financially separate from Columbia, with an independent faculty and board of trustees. It is responsible for its own separate admissions, health, security, guidance and placement services, and has its own alumnae association. Nonetheless, Barnard students participate in the academic, social, athletic and extracurricular life of the broader University community on a reciprocal basis. The affiliation permits the two schools to share some academic resources; for example, only Barnard has an Columbia Daily Spectator are open to all students. Barnard students play on Columbia athletics teams, and Barnard uses Columbia email, telephone and network services.[19][10]
Admissions to Barnard is considered most selective by U.S. News & World Report.[25] It is the most selective women's college in the nation;[26] in 2008, Barnard had the lowest acceptance rate of the five Seven Sisters that remain single-sex in admissions.[27][28][29]
The class of 2019's admission rate was 19.5% of the 6,655 applicants, the lowest acceptance rate in the institution's history.[30][31] The early-decision admission rate was 47.7%, out of 392 applications. The median SAT Combined was 2060, with median subscores of 660 in Math, 690 in Critical Reading, and 700 in Writing. The Median ACT score was 30. Of the women in the class of 2012, 89.4% ranked in first or second decile at their high school (of the 41.3% ranked by their schools). The average GPA of the class of 2012 was 94.3 on a 100-point scale and 3.88 on a 4.0 scale.[32] For the class of 2011, Barnard College admitted 28.7% of those who applied. The median ACT score was 30, while the median combined SAT score was 2100.[32]
In 2015 Barnard announced that it would admit transgender women who "consistently live and identify as women, regardless of the gender assigned to them at birth", and would continue to support and enroll those students who transitioned to males after they had already been admitted.[33]
Academic ranking
In the 2014 U.S. News & World Report rankings, Barnard was ranked as the 32nd best liberal arts college in the country.[34] The ranking came under widespread criticism, as it only accounted for institution-specific resources. Greg Brown, chief operating officer at Barnard, said, "I believe that our ranking is lower than it should be, primarily because the methodology simply can't account for the Barnard-Columbia relationship. Because the Columbia relationship doesn't fit neatly into any of the survey categories, it is essentially ignored. Rankings are inherently limited in this way."
In 1998, then president Judith Shapiro compared the ranking service to the "equivalent of Sport's Illustrated 's swimsuit issue." According to Shapiro's letter, "Such a ranking system certainly does more harm than good in terms of educating the public." [35] On June 19, 2007, following a meeting of the Annapolis Group, which represents over 100 liberal arts colleges, Barnard announced that it would no longer participate in the U.S. News annual survey, and that they would fashion their own way to collect and report common data.[36]
Barnard Library
Lehman Hall, where the college's library is located
Barnard's Wollman Library is located in Adele Lehman Hall.[37] Its collection includes nearly 200,000 volumes in support of the undergraduate curriculum. It also houses an archival collection of official and student publications, photographs, letters, alumnae scrapbooks and other material that documents Barnard's history from its founding in 1889 to the present day. Among the special collections are the Overbury Collection and a small collection of other rare books. The Overbury Collection consists of 3,300 items, including special and first edition books as well as manuscript materials by and about American women authors. Alumnae Books is a collection of books donated by Barnard alumnae authors. Conflicting accounts list either Richard B. Snow or Philip M. Chu as the architect of Lehman Hall... as well as of the Amherst College library and one of the libraries at Princeton University.[38][39] The 65,000-square-foot (6,000 m2) building opened in 1959.
Birthed from a proposal by longtime zinester Jenna Freedman, Barnard collects zines in an effort to document third-wave feminism and Riot Grrrl culture. The Zine Collection complements Barnard's women's studies research holdings, giving room to voices of girls and women otherwise under or not at all represented in the book stacks. According to its library collection development policy, "Barnard's zines are written by women (cis- and transgender) with an emphasis on zines by women of color. We collect zines on feminism and femme identity by people of all genders. The zines are personal and political publications on activism, anarchism, body image, third wave feminism, gender, parenting, queer community, riot grrrl, sexual assault, trans experience, and other topics."[40]
Barnard's collection documents movements and trends in feminist thought through the personal work of artists, writers, and activists. Currently, the Barnard Zine Collection has approximately 7,000 items, including zines about race, gender, sexuality, childbirth, motherhood, politics, and relationships. Barnard attempts to collect two copies of each zine, one of which circulates with the second copy archived for preservation. To facilitate circulation, Barnard zines are cataloged in CLIO (the Columbia/Barnard OPAC) and OCLC's Worldcat.
Culture and student life
Barnard College Greek Games statue
Every Barnard student is part of the Student Government Association (SGA), which elects a representative student government. SGA aims to facilitate the expression of opinions on matters that directly affect the Barnard community. Members of the Executive Board and the Representative Council of SGA promote these goals through active communication between students, faculty, and administration. The Executive Board includes the President of SGA, Vice President, Vice President for Campus Life, Vice President for Communications,and Vice President of Finance. Members of the Representative Council include the Senior Representative to the Board of Trustees, Junior Representative to the Board of Trustees, University Senator, Representative for Campus Policy, Representative for Academic Affairs, Representative for Diversity, Representative for Student Services, Representative for Student Interests, Representative for College Relations, Representative for Arts and Culture, Representative for Campus Affairs, and Representative for Information and Technology. In addition to these members the President and Vice President of each Class Council also sit on the Representative Council.
Student groups include theatre and vocal music groups, language clubs, literary magazines, a freeform radio station called WBAR, a biweekly magazine called the Barnard Bulletin, community service groups, and others. Barnard students can also join extracurricular activities or organizations at Columbia University, while Columbia University students are allowed in most, but not all, Barnard organizations.
Barnard's McIntosh Activities Council (commonly known as McAC), named after the first President of Barnard, Millicent McIntosh, organizes various community focused events on campus, such as Big Sub and Midnight Breakfast. McAC is made up of five sub-committees which are the Mosaic committee (formerly known as Multicultural), the Wellness committee, the Network committee, the Community committee, and the Action committee. Each committee has a different focus, such as hosting and publicizing identity and cultural events (Mosaic), having health and wellness related events (Wellness), giving students opportunities to be involved with Alumnae and various professionals (Network), planning events that bring the entire student body together (Community), and planning community service events that give back to the surrounding community (Action).
In 2011, Barnard's SGA and McAC will work together to bring back the Greek Games, an old but quite famous Barnard tradition.
Barnard College officially banned sororities in 1913,[41] but Barnard students continue to participate in Columbia's five National Panhellenic Conference sororities—[42]
The southern end of the Diana Center, the college's student center
Each April, Barnard and Columbia students participate in the Take Back the Night march and speak-out. This annual event grew out of a 1988 Seven Sisters conference. The march has grown from under 200 participants in 1988 to more than 2,500 in 2007.[43]
WBAR-B-Q, a free and all-day music festival takes place on Lehman Lawn each April. It is put on by Barnard's student-run freeform radio station, WBAR.
Midnight Breakfast marks the beginning of finals week. As a highly popular event and long-standing college tradition, Midnight Breakfast is hosted by the student-run activities council, McAC (McIntosh Activities Council). In addition to providing standard breakfast foods, each year's theme is also incorporated into the menu. Past themes have included "I YUMM the 90s," "Grease," and "Take me out to the ballgame." The event is a school-wide affair as college deans, trustees and the President, Debora Spar, serve food to about a thousand students. It takes place the night before finals begin every semester.
On Spirit Day, there is a large barbecue, the deans serve ice cream to students, different activities are hosted, and the whole student body celebrates. The school sells "I Love BC" T-shirts, and gives out free Barnard products. The event is run by the Spirit Day Planning Committee which is chaired by the Programming Officer of the student-run activities council, McAC (McIntosh Activities Council) and the Representative for Community Affairs of the Student Government Association (SGA).
During the fall semester, students help to construct and then consume a sandwich 1-mile (1.6 km) long known as "The big sub". Every year another foot is added onto the sub as it stretches across campus. The event is organized by the student-run activities council, McAC (McIntosh Activities Council).
In the spring of each year, Barnard holds the Night Carnival, in which many of Barnard's student groups set up tables with games and prizes. The event is organized by the student-run activities council, McAC (McIntosh Activities Council).
At the end of the Fall semester, the Columbia Marching Band plays in the Barnard Quad on the last night of reading week (traditionally known as "Orgo night" because it is the night before the Organic Chemistry final is given). Students traditionally open their windows and throw out all the old papers from the semester that they no longer need.
Barnard athletes compete in the Ivy League (NCAA Division I) through the Columbia/Barnard Athletic Consortium, which was established in 1983. Through this arrangement, Barnard is the only women's college offering Division I athletics.[44] There are 15 intercollegiate teams, and students also compete at the intramural and club levels.
From 1975–1983, before the establishment of the Columbia/Barnard Athletic Consortium, Barnard students competed as the "Barnard Bears".[45] Prior to 1975, students referred to themselves as the "Barnard honeybears".
Seven Sisters—student collaborations
Established within the Barnard Student Government Association (SGA), The Seven Sisters Governing Board represents Barnard College as part of the Seven Sisters Coalition, which is a group of representatives from student councils of the historic Seven Sisters colleges. The reps on the coordinating board of Seven Sisters Coalition are rotating every year to hold the annual Seven Sisters Conference in a serious but informal setting. The first Seven Sisters Conference was hosted by SGA student representatives at Barnard College in 2009.[46] In fall 2013, the conference was hosted by Vassar college during the first weekend of November. The major topic focused on inner college collaborations and differences in student government structures among Seven Sisters Colleges. The Seven Sisters Coordinating Board of Barnard brought six Barnard student representatives to attend the Fall Semester conference, which was hosted at Vassar College in the past fall semester. Based on the Coalition Coordinating Board Constitution[47] established in February 2013, Students delegates were initiating projects in the aspects of public relations,alumni outreach and website management to promote the presence and development of the seven sisters culture. Meanwhile, The Barnard delegates engaged in discussions about the various structures of the student governments among the historic seven sisters colleges.
Barnard College has issued a statement affirming its commitment to [50] Barnard earned a "C-" for its sustainability efforts on the College Sustainability Report Card 2009 published by the Sustainable Endowments Institute. Its highest marks were in Student Involvement and Food and Recycling, receiving a "B" in both categories.[51]
Liberal arts requirements
The liberal arts requirements are called the Nine Ways of Knowing. Students must take one year of one laboratory science, study a single foreign language for four semesters, and complete one 3-credit course in each of the following categories: reason and value, social analysis, historical studies, cultures in comparison, quantitative and deductive reasoning, literature, and visual and performing arts. The use of AP or IB credit to fulfill these requirements is very limited, but Nine Ways of Knowing courses may overlap with major or minor requirements. In addition to the Nine Ways of Knowing, students must complete a first-year seminar, a first-year English course, and one semester of physical education.
In the spring of 1960 Columbia University president Grayson Kirk complained to the president of Barnard that Barnard students were wearing inappropriate clothing. The garments in question were pants and Bermuda shorts. The administration forced the student council to institute a dress code. Students would be allowed to wear shorts and pants only at Barnard and only if the shorts were no more than two inches above the knee and the pants were not tight. Barnard women crossing the street to enter the Columbia campus wearing shorts or pants were required to cover themselves with a long coat similar to a jilbab.[52][53]
In March 1968, The New York Times ran an article on students who cohabited, identifying one of the persons they interviewed as a student at Barnard College from New Hampshire named "Susan".[54] Barnard officials searched their records for women from New Hampshire and were able to determine that "Susan" was the pseudonym of a student (Linda LeClair) who was living with her boyfriend, a student at Columbia University. She was called before Barnard's student-faculty administration judicial committee, where she faced the possibility of expulsion. A student protest included a petition signed by 300 other Barnard women, admitting that they too had broken the regulations against cohabitating. The judicial committee reached a compromise and the student was allowed to remain in school, but was denied use of the college cafeteria and barred from all social activities. The student briefly became a focus of intense national attention. She eventually dropped out of Barnard.[55][5][56]
A view of Milbank Hall, Barnard College
Ella Weed, Chairman of the Board of Trustees and college Secretary ?–1894.[57]
Emily James Smith, Dean 1894–1900
Laura Drake Gill, Dean 1901–1907
Virginia Gildersleeve, Dean 1911–1947
Millicent McIntosh, Dean 1947–1962, President 1952–1962
Rosemary Park, President 1962–1967
Martha Peterson, President 1967–1975
Jacquelyn Mattfield, 1975–1981
Ellen V. Futter, 1981–1993
Judith R. Shapiro, 1994–2008
Debora L. Spar, 2008–present
Hidden Ivies: Thirty Colleges of Excellence
Women's colleges in the United States
^ a b c d e f
^ Plimpton Papers, Barnard College Archives
^ [1] "Undergraduate education at Columbia is offered through Columbia College, the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, and the School of General Studies. Undergraduate programs are offered by two affiliated institutions, Barnard College and Jewish Theological Seminary."
^ Principles and Customs Governing the Procedures of Ad Hoc Committees and University-Wide Tenure Review. Retrieved November 27, 2009.
^ a b Partnership with Columbia. Retrieved 2012-11-10.
^ a b "Education: Columbia Decides to Go Coed" Time, February 1, 1982.
^ Barnard admits 19.5 percent of Class of 2019 applicants | Capital New York
^ a b Barnard Admissions at the Wayback Machine (archived March 8, 2008)
^ Barnard Zine Library. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
^ Sororities | Barnard College Archives. Barnardarchives.wordpress.com (2010-09-30). Retrieved on 2013-09-07.
^ Barnard funding for sororities, but not recognition | Columbia Daily Spectator. Columbiaspectator.com. Retrieved on 2013-09-07.
^ Athletics
^ Newsweek, April 8, 1968, p. 85 and Newsweek, April 29, 1968, p. 79-80.
^ Past Presidents
Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz (1993). Alma Mater: Design and Experience in the Women's Colleges from Their Nineteenth-Century Beginnings to the 1930s (2nd edition). Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
Video on Barnard College: The Early Years (1889-1929) on YouTube
Digital Collections from the college archives
Articles and topics related to Barnard College
Barnard Bryn Mawr Mount Holyoke Radcliffe Smith Vassar Wellesley
Current women's universities and colleges in the United States
Alverno
Bay Path
Cottey
Mount Holyoke
Mt. Mary
Mt. St. Mary's
Pine Manor
Russell Sage
Scripps
Women's College of the University of Denver
Annapolis Group
Stephen D. Schutt
Claremont McKenna
Goucher
Gustavus Adolphus
Hampden–Sydney
Harvey Mudd
Hobart & William Smith
Macalester
Millsaps
Nebraska Wesleyan
Pitzer
Randolph-Macon
St. Benedict and St. John's
St. Olaf
Sarah Lawrence
Washington & Jefferson
Washington & Lee
William Jewell
Oberlin Group
Augustana (Illinois)
College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University
Trinity (Connecticut)
Trinity (Texas)
Barnard (affiliate)
List College (affiliate)
The School (K-8 affiliate)
Science Honors Program
Columbia Institute for Tele-Information
Earth Institute
Goddard Institute
Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory
New York State Psychiatric Institute
Institute for the Study of Human Rights
Deans' Cup
Tunnel system
Daily Spectator
WKCR
Varsity Show
Columbia magazine
Notable alumni and faculty
Colleges and universities in New York City
SUNY Empire State
Marymount Manhattan
Mount Saint Vincent
Arts and engineering
AADA
Cooper Union
NYFA
NYSS
SUNY Maritime
Health and law
Brooklyn Law
NYLS
NYMC
Phillips Beth Israel
Podiatric
SUNY Downstate
SUNY Optometry
Weill Cornell
Hebrew Union
RIETS
Bramson ORT
Briarcliffe
DeVry
Structures on Broadway in Manhattan
(Battery Pl. -
W. Houston St.)
26 Broadway (previously occupied by Lautman's Dairy)
Cunard Building
Adams Express Building
AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company
Equitable Building
Equitable Life Building
Marine Midland Building
Zuccotti Park
One Liberty Plaza
Corbin Building
American Surety Building
Woolworth Building
City Hall Park
New York City Hall
Broadway–Chambers Building
Appleton Building
361 Broadway (James S. White Building)
Mechanics' Hall
E. V. Haughwout Building
New Era Building
Scholastic Building
Singer Building
(W. Houston St. -
Times Sq.)
Cable Building
Canterbury Hall
Grand Central Hotel
Strand Bookstore
Madison Square
Baudouine Building
Gilsey House
Radisson Hotel Martinique
Hotel McAlpin
Haier Building
Knickerbocker Theatre
Marbridge Building
Metropolitan Opera House (former)
One Times Square (previously occupied by Pabst Hotel)
Condé Nast Building
The Knickerbocker Hotel
(Times Sq. -
Columbus Cir.)
1500 Broadway (previously occupied by Hotel Claridge)
One Astor Plaza
Astor Theatre
Morgan Stanley Building
Brill Building
Central Theatre
Ellen's Stardust Diner
Studebaker Building
Broadway Theatre
Random House Tower
North of
Columbus Cir.
Dauphin Hotel
The Apthorp
Bretton Hall
Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Audubon Ballroom
United Palace
Dyckman House
Use mdy dates from April 2012
WorldHeritage articles in need of updating from January 2011
Commons category without a link on Wikidata
Official website not in Wikidata
Members of the Oberlin Group
1889 establishments in New York
Broadway (Manhattan)
Educational institutions established in 1889
Liberal arts colleges in New York
Members of the Annapolis Group
Morningside Heights, Manhattan
Seven Sister Colleges
Universities and colleges in Manhattan
Women's universities and colleges in the United States
Brown University, Harvard University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Yale University
Smith College, Amherst College, Wellesley College, Hampshire College, Vassar College
Mount Holyoke College, Amherst College, Hampshire College, Vassar College, Wellesley College
Long Island, Queens, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Staten Island
Brown University, New York City, Ivy League, Cornell University, Princeton University
Mirra Komarovsky
Sociology, Judaism, Azerbaijan, Authority control, Barnard College
Jewish Theological Seminary of America
Conservative Judaism, Bible, Jewish history, Jerusalem, Columbia University
Mary Gordon (writer)
Barnard College, Syracuse University, New Paltz, New York, Religious pluralism, Literary criticism


text:
package leases

import (
	"crypto/rand"
	"encoding/base64"
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"google.golang.org/grpc"

	"github.com/boltdb/bolt"
	api "github.com/containerd/containerd/api/services/leases/v1"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/metadata"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/plugin"
	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/empty"
	"golang.org/x/net/context"
)

func init() {
	plugin.Register(&plugin.Registration{
		Type: plugin.GRPCPlugin,
		ID:   "leases",
		Requires: []plugin.Type{
			plugin.MetadataPlugin,
		},
		InitFn: func(ic *plugin.InitContext) (interface{}, error) {
			m, err := ic.Get(plugin.MetadataPlugin)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			return NewService(m.(*metadata.DB)), nil
		},
	})
}

type service struct {
	db *metadata.DB
}

// NewService returns the GRPC metadata server
func NewService(db *metadata.DB) api.LeasesServer {
	return &service{
		db: db,
	}
}

func (s *service) Register(server *grpc.Server) error {
	api.RegisterLeasesServer(server, s)
	return nil
}

func (s *service) Create(ctx context.Context, r *api.CreateRequest) (*api.CreateResponse, error) {
	lid := r.ID
	if lid == "" {
		lid = generateLeaseID()
	}
	var trans metadata.Lease
	if err := s.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
		var err error
		trans, err = metadata.NewLeaseManager(tx).Create(ctx, lid, r.Labels)
		return err
	}); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &api.CreateResponse{
		Lease: txToGRPC(trans),
	}, nil
}

func (s *service) Delete(ctx context.Context, r *api.DeleteRequest) (*empty.Empty, error) {
	if err := s.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
		return metadata.NewLeaseManager(tx).Delete(ctx, r.ID)
	}); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &empty.Empty{}, nil
}

func (s *service) List(ctx context.Context, r *api.ListRequest) (*api.ListResponse, error) {
	var leases []metadata.Lease
	if err := s.db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
		var err error
		leases, err = metadata.NewLeaseManager(tx).List(ctx, false, r.Filters...)
		return err
	}); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	apileases := make([]*api.Lease, len(leases))
	for i := range leases {
		apileases[i] = txToGRPC(leases[i])
	}

	return &api.ListResponse{
		Leases: apileases,
	}, nil
}

func txToGRPC(tx metadata.Lease) *api.Lease {
	return &api.Lease{
		ID:        tx.ID,
		Labels:    tx.Labels,
		CreatedAt: tx.CreatedAt,
		// TODO: Snapshots
		// TODO: Content
	}
}

func generateLeaseID() string {
	t := time.Now()
	var b [3]byte
	// Ignore read failures, just decreases uniqueness
	rand.Read(b[:])
	return fmt.Sprintf("%d-%s", t.Nanosecond(), base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(b[:]))
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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I have more detailed versions of these sample training programs below and will be updating this section of my blog regularly with more suggestions as well as descriptions, photos, videos of the exercises and training specifically for inverted offwidths. Please feel free to contact me with questions regarding these programs and/or the exercises.
This article and training program couldn't have been possible without a phenomenal team of trainers, coaches and Pilates Instructors involved in it's creation. A tremendous thank you to PT, Leah P. Versteegen, MS, DPT, at Alpine Physical Therapy in Missoula, Montana who has rehabbed me through multiple major injuries, including dislocated ribs, ruptured discs and a torn ACL and designed and fine-tuned this training program with me over the past few years. And a special thank you to Samantha Schmidt, PT, CPI, CAMI/CAPT and Samantha Glaes also both with Alpine Physical Therapy who devised brilliant schemes to increase core strength for every offwidth technique I could throw at them from calf-locks to inverts. And finally thank you to Tim Brown — a triathlete and my trainer at The Peak Health and Wellness Center in Missoula, MT who devised many unique and creative ways to torture me for the sake of wide crack climbing including many of the plyometric exercises you see below.
In Phases 1 and 2 of the 12 week program in Climbing Magazine aim for 30-minute plyometric sessions, then work up to two hour long sessions in Phases 3 and 4. Plyos are the most intense of the workout components and present the highest risk for over-training and injury, so start slowly and focus on proper form. After you have perfected your form in the earlier training phases, speed up the sessions and add additional reps. However, the emphasis should always be quality over quantity for all exercises. Expect some fatigue and muscle soreness after plyometric training, but if you are feeling excessively fatigued or sore drop back to one day a week or take an entire week off from plyos. Again, it is crucial to allow your body to recover in order to repair and strengthen tissue, as well as recover from energy loss. Without proper recovery time and good nutrition you will become weaker despite all your training efforts.
Use the workouts below to mix and match sets and exercises you want to try. Mix up the number of repetitions (e.g., 10, 12, 15 reps—or as many reps as you can do in 30 seconds to 1 minute) for the best effect between workout days. I usually try to complete 3 to 4 sets of 8 exercises in one hour. Generally, I perform the same number of repetitions (for example, 15) in one session and another session will try to do as many repetitions as possible while maintaining good form for each exercise for 30 seconds to 1 minute.
Spiderman plank / Mat : Assume a standard push-up position. Begin exercise by bringing your left knee to your left elbow. Return to starting position and repeat with the right side.
Hanging windshield wipers (advanced) / Pull-up bar : Hang from the pull-up bar with the legs straight, hips bent, torso leaned back and toes near the pull up bar. Slowly and under control move your feet from side to side along the pull up bar. Your legs should remain straight as you twist your hips and abdominal muscle will twist from side to side.
Inverted ring pull-ups / High rings and wall: Hang from rings attached to a pull-up bar. Flip upside-down and hook your toes over the pull-up bar. Perform pull-ups from this inverted position. This is more useful for inverts than vertical but also helps build heel/toe strength.
Medicine ball throws overhead / Medicine Ball: Throw medicine ball as high as possible, let it bounce, grab it and repeat.
Single-leg squat jumps / 12″ box for back foot : Perform singe leg squat jumps on front foot with one leg behind you on the box.
12-15 lb. medicine ball: throw overhead as high as possible, let it bounce and grab it.
12-15 lb. medicine ball: throw at wall, let it bounce and grab it.
Nutrition before plyos: Eat a snack 1 hour before a plyos session that includes water and carbs to fuel your muscles. After the workout, do the same but add protein to help with recovery. Give your body ample time to recover after an intense plyos workout before you begin a new workout. Experiment with what food works best for you. I eat one half of a Clif Builder's Bar one hour before plyos and drink the Clif Shot Electrolyte Drink during training. After hard sessions I will drink a protein shake: banana, Greek Yogurt and almond butter is my favorite. Greek yogurt has plenty of protein without adding a protein supplement.
Offwidths require strong abdominals, back, and hips. There are multiple options for stabilization/core training. Choose at least two to three core workouts per week throughout each cycle outlined in Climbing Magazine. If possible, take a small class 1 day/week with an instructor to monitor your form. Most of your stabilization (core) training will be covered by your plyometric sessions in Phase 3 and 4 as outlined above.
Other options: Ring flies, ring back extensions, ring rows, single-leg balances on Bosu Ball, side planks, TRX exercises etc.
Stretching is an important component of a complete conditioning program. Regardless of your starting flexibility level, as you gain muscle mass and strength it is crucial to promote and maintain mobility. Naturally the more mass a muscle has, the stiffer it becomes, so as you enter a strength and conditioning program, stretching is necessary. The more elasticity (or flexibility) a strong muscle has, the more power it can generate through a greater range of motion. Before training and/or climbing avoid static stretching which is detrimental to sports involving powerful movements. Dynamic stretching before training increases movement of the joints through a specific range of motion and helps to increase core temperature, blood flow and wake up the central nervous system. Recent research indicates that dynamic stretches also improve force production and explosive power.
Spend 5-10 minutes on a stationary bike, elliptical, light jogging or hiking to prepare your body for dynamic stretches. Perform a series of 15-20 repetitions of each dynamic stretch. Examples include: leg swings side to side (hip abductors and adductors) and front to back (hamstrings and hip flexors), walking knee tucks (glutes and low back), walking power kicks (hamstrings), walking lunges with and without a rotation (hip flexors/ spine with added rotation), sideways walking with squats (hips), full arm circles (deltoids, trapezius, shoulder capsule), arm swings across the front of your body and back (scapular muscles, pectorals) and side bends (obliques and quadratus lumborum).
After training and/or climbing perform a series of major muscle group static stretches for maintaining and increasing flexibility. Major muscle groups include calves, hamstrings, quads, hip flexors, hip rotators and adductors, abdominals, paraspinals (muscles along the spine), pectoralis, lats, and traps. Hold stretches for 20-30 seconds each. In addition to the major muscle groups an additional Thoracic spine and Pectoralis stretch series performed on a foam roller is beneficial to climbers who tend to have tight pectoral muscles and limited flexibility in the Thoracic spine. The foam roll can also be used for the dreaded IT Band which can cause serious low back pain, hip pain or knee pain if too stiff. Lay on your side on the foam roll with it perpendicular to your outer thigh. Roll up and down on the foam essentially using it like a rolling pin to loosen the IT Band.
Cardio: How much cardio you do will depend on how much you are climbing. Cardio will complement your climbing days and approaches. Aim for 2 days/week moderate cardio (45-90 min, one of which can contain intervals) in addition to 3-4 days/climbing for a total of 5-6 days of cardio. Again, make sure you have one full rest day/week with only light stretching.
Note: When I am climbing hard offwidths with 45-60 minute approaches 4-5 days per week I only add one session of isolated core without plyos and stretch every other day.
Nice detailed guidelines! Thanks for doing that work for the rest of us!
Thank you Jay 🙂 Now the training is the easy part ha ha ha!
I am so glad to have this training program, but is it going to make me just like Pamela Shanti Pack if I follow it to the letter? Is the "How to get the Heart of Lion" section going to be included later (as in meditation on the off-width and sending it? As in the Pamela Shanti Pack "super-power-pill"™, like that taken by Underdog?
Whoa! Cool, What did you line the inside of your horizontal roof crack with. I can't tell if it is just chalk or if you have something to add texture?


This year's popular joint LGA/ALDC Councillors Weekend will take place 28-30 June at Yarnfield Park in Staffordshire.
The weekend provides a great opportunity to meet with fellow councillors from across the country, whilst enjoying a packed programme of tailored training sessions.
Come along to improve your skills in your important roles as both a Liberal Democrat councillor and campaigner. You can also take advantage of the Kickstart plenaries.
groups that have big changes will find this a particularly useful weekend.
Hours of training on advice customised to meet your needs as a Lib Dem councillor.
Amazing networking opportunities with other councillors and high profile campaigners.
ALDC members single-room: early-bird rate of £165, mid-rate of £200 and a final-rate of £245.
ALDC members double or twin room per person: early-bird rate of £135, mid-rate of £170 and a final-rate of £215.
Non-ALDC members: £285 for a single room; £255 for a double or twin room per person. Join us to benefit from discounted attendance.


Type 6.6 Bright 200 x 200 nylon with UV finish.
Weight : 3.8 oz per square yard.
Average roll length -125 yds.
White has a non-fray white pigmented coating.
Colors have a non-fray clear coating of approximately 1/6 oz per square yard.
Uses: Flags, banners, signs, bags, etc. Printable on thr coated side.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In international development, knowledge is our most valuable commodity. The right knowledge applied at the right time could change the lives of roughly a billion people who now live on less than $1.25 per day. In response to their plight, the World Bank Group has set two ambitious goals: to end extreme poverty by 2030, and to boost shared prosperity for the poorest 40% of people in developing nations.
To achieve these goals, we need to use all of the World Bank Group's assets: our finances; our global presence and convening power; and especially our vast store of development knowledge and experience. If we assemble the best global knowledge, share it quickly, and help countries apply it to local problems, we can empower the poor to shape their countries' future.
Not all of our knowledge is on a shelf, or in digital and multimedia products. Much is in the minds of our thousands of experts who work in over 120 countries around the world.
But we know that our knowledge does not always move fast enough, or get to the right people at the right time. A recent working paper, written by two World Bank Group colleagues, highlighted this problem (and also got some media attention — not all of it accurate). It's not just technical problems that stop our digital knowledge from flowing (such as PDFs that are not easily searchable) — our knowledge is also often stuck in organizational silos. Our staff in East Asia don't talk enough to their counterparts in Africa, for example, and our water experts don't always connect enough with our health staff. These impediments are a legacy of our organizational culture, structure, and incentives. We can do better.
On July 1, we're going to break down the walls of those organizational silos, in one of the most significant reforms in the World Bank's history. We're reorganizing our knowledge services to create Global Practices and Cross Cutting Solution Areas, to assemble the world's best experts and knowledge, and make it more accessible to our clients. Wherever our experts are sitting, whatever issue they work on, they will be linked in a much more active way with their colleagues, in areas like education, trade and competiveness, transportation and information technology, environment and natural resources, and energy.


text:
package com.intellij.spring.webflow.model.xml;

import com.intellij.openapi.paths.PathReference;
import com.intellij.util.xml.GenericAttributeValue;
import com.intellij.util.xml.Required;
import com.intellij.spring.webflow.model.ModelVersion;
import com.intellij.spring.webflow.model.WebflowVersion;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

@ModelVersion(WebflowVersion.Webflow_1_0)
public interface Import extends WebflowDomElement {

  /**
   * Returns the value of the resource child.
   *

   *
Attribute null:resource documentation

   * The relative resource path to a bean definition file to import.  Imported bean definitions
   * are referenceable by this flow and any of its inline flows.
   * The resource path is relative to this document.
   *

   * For example:
   *

   *     <import resource="orderitem-flow-beans.xml"/>
   *

   * ... would look for 'orderitem-flow-beans.xml' in the same directory as this document.
   *

   *
   * @return the value of the resource child.
   */
  @NotNull
  @Required
  GenericAttributeValue<PathReference> getResource();
}


UPDATE: Updating this morning's alert on the House Judiciary Committee markup of three key state tax bills, the committee passed all three to the full House for consideration. The Mobile Workforce bill was approved on a bipartisan 23 to 4 vote, with Reps. Conyers (D-MI), Nadler (D-NY), Chu (D-CA), and Jeffries (D-NY) voting no. Rejected amendments included to reduce the 30 day threshold to 14 days (Nadler, failed 7 to 21), to add income thresholds for the bill's protections (Nadler, failed in voice vote), and to exempt New York from the bill (Jeffries, failed in voice vote). The Digital Goods bill was approved on a bipartisan voice vote, after approving an amendment making three technical corrections (Smith, approved by voice vote). The BATSA bill was approved by a party-line vote of 18 to 7, with Republicans voting yes and Democrats voting no, after rejecting amendments to strike the physical presence language (Nadler, failed 7 to 13) and to delay implementation until 2026 (Chu, failed 7 to 16). While some members referenced Internet sales tax bills, none were considered.
It's shaping up to be a week of activity on state tax bills in Congress. A new bill setting rules for collecting sales tax on interstate transactions was proposed Monday by Reps. Jason Chaffetz (R-UT) and Steve Womack (R-AR), and today, the House Judiciary Committee will mark up bills setting interstate tax rules on individual income tax, business activity taxes, and sales tax on digital goods. I'll be live-tweeting the markup session, which starts at 10:00 AM ET this morning, from my account @jdhenchman.
(The Chaffetz-Womack bill, the Remote Transactions Parity Act (H.R. 2775), would authorize states to require collection of their sales tax by out-of-state retailers. Presently, states can only require retailers with a physical presence in the state to collect sales tax; for example, prominent e-retailer Amazon.com collects sales tax in 25 states, primarily the states where it has warehouses or other facilities. RTPA is similar to an earlier bill, the Marketplace Fairness Act, in that it allows states to impose collection obligations if those states make their sales taxes simpler and more uniform, easing the burden of collecting nearly 10,000 sales taxes across the country. RTPA adds the requirement that states integrate freely-provided tax lookup software into retailer systems, and it also sharply limits the ability of states to audit businesses without physical presence.
The Mobile Workforce State Income Tax Simplification Act of 2015 (H.R. 2315) limits states from imposing or collecting individual income tax on those who are in the state for less than 30 days. Most states technically require such payments when someone is in the state for even a day, and even withholding to be set up in advance, and we're increasingly hearing horror stories of states trying to collect these sums. Since all states provide a credit for taxes paid to another state, making people fill out 20 or 30 tax returns for a net national wash is lunacy. Most everyone, except New York officials and state tax administrators, support this legislation. (State tax administrators instead urge states to voluntarily adopt a more convoluted model, which no state has.) The bill excludes entertainers and athletes from its protections, which it shouldn't. Lead sponsors of Mobile Workforce are Reps. Hank Johnson (D-GA) and Mike Bishop (R-MI).
The Digital Goods and Services Tax Fairness Act (H.R. 1643) establishes national standards for when and how states can tax digital goods and services. By their very nature, it's a little hazy where these goods are purchased, and there's real danger that a number of states will try to tax each transaction (where the purchaser lives, where the business is located, where the warehouse is, where the server is located, etc.). The standard set is that only the state where the customer is located and primarily used the good or service gets to tax the transaction. If that is unknown, the delivery location is used, and if that is unknown, the location of the seller is used. This bill is also widely supported, except by state tax administrators. Lead sponsors of Digital Goods are Reps. Lamar Smith (R-TX) and Steve Cohen (D-TN).
The Business Activity Tax Simplification Act (H.R. 2584) limits state power to impose corporate income taxes and gross receipts taxes to businesses with physical presence in the state for at least 14 days. While that is the historical standard, states have begun shifting to an "economic nexus" standard, imposing taxes on businesses with no connection to the state except that they have sales there. This exporting of tax burdens adds complexity, litigation, compliance costs, and uncertainty. We hear lots of horror stories of states suddenly imposing years' of back taxes on companies who had no expectation of owing taxes in that state because they have no property or employees there. Congress last acted on this in 1959, when they passed PL 86-272, which prevents states from taxing businesses whose only connection to the state is salesmen taking orders. The rise of the Internet and faster transportation has allowed states to get around this limitation fairly easily, and BATSA is viewed as a modernization of that law. BATSA is heavily contested, as states will lose about 5 percent of their state corporate income tax collections (albeit collections from non-resident businesses who are properly taxed by other states), with the impact uneven across the states. BATSA was actually considered dead for the time being given Congress's institutional problems, but was suddenly resurrected earlier this month. Lead sponsors of BATSA are Reps. Steve Chabot (R-OH) and Bobby Scott (D-VA).


Shiny silver foil patch printed on black canvas fabric.
Patch features an inner sigil design + pentacle surrounded by both Elder Futhark runes and classic astrology symbols. Designed as a large back patch but can also be used as an altar cloth. Use these however they best fit your spiritual practice, altar, or home.
Measures approx 12 x 12 inches.


text:
Environment Health & Safety
Cylinder Blocks
Gear Housings
Bed Plates
Life at DCM Engineering
DCM DATA SYSTEMS
DCM Data Systems is a leading pure play service provider for Managed IT Services globally. We have over a decade's experience in IT Infrastructure Services. Our customers have benefited from our highly skilled and certified pool of engineers, cost-effective remote management capabilities and robust processes. Our Managed Services portfolio encompasses Operating Systems, Virtualization, Messaging, Networking, Database, Backup, Storage,ERP administration and business continuity solutions. We are amongest the largest focused IT Infrastructure Services Company in India, with highly skilled, certified and experienced engineers deployed at global blue-chip client sites. DCM has exposure of executing projects in multiple countries and a support network in India covering the major metros. Our remote Network Operations Centers are located in Gurgaon and Hyderabad, India. Read More.....
DCM TEXTILES
The DCM Group set up a spinning mill at Hisar (near Delhi) in the year 1991 with a capacity of 33000 spindles as a unit of DCM Limited. Capacity was increased over the years to 43000 spindles, thereafter 74436 spindles and recently to 115000 spindles with modern, state-of-the-art machinery. DCM Textiles is a leader in manufacture of cotton combed yarn, carded hosiery yarn and mélangeyarn.Today the Unit is a leading manufacturer and exporter of 100% cotton carded and combed yarns in single and two-ply, count range Ne 14s to 32s. The company is exporting to major World-markets including China, Colombia, Peru, Dominican Republic, Spain, Portugal, Hong Kong, South Korea, Bangladesh, Venezuela, Egypt, Bulgaria, Italy, Sir Lanka, Mauritius, Singapore and Ukraine. In India DCM Textiles has a strong dealer network, which caters to major hosiery and weaving markets and corporate buyers. Read More.....
DCM REAL STATE
DCM is the owner of plot of land situated at Bara Hindu Rao/ Kishan Ganj, Delhi, comprising of both freehold and leasehold land. Purearth Infrastructure Limited a joint venture company of DCM Limited ,is developing the Real Estate Project at the said land. The said Project is situated in heart of the city and comprises of flatted factory and residential complexes.Read More.....
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text:
Q: What is the property blockInd I am working on a project with d3 and cola, and when i try to update my svg, I sometimes get this error:

Uncaught TypeError: Cannot set property 'blockInd' of undefined

I dont understand where this error is coming from and i dont know what is this property. Can someone point me where should I look?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Approaching 20 years of existence, Bluezone Corporation provides high quality sample packs and SFX sound libraries for pro editors, film makers, soundtrack producers and video game sound designers. From concept to finished product, our loops, samples, and sound effects are meticulously recorded and individually edited: we put the priority on quality rather than quantity. Until today, our team has released a huge range of inspiring sounds that you have most certainly heard in blockbuster, acclaimed video game and talented artist music productions.
We love sound! Our sound designers are always on the look-out for new synthesizers and sound synthesis. The Bluezone team has always used the best software and hardware material. Sometimes our teams come out of hiding, equipped with all their recording gear, and invade the shooting stands, WW2 military shows, electrical power stations, airports, air shows, military camps, or industrial plants. All the recordings are then meticulously worked and treated.


text:
import { ListToolbarStateOrchestrator } from '../toolbar-state.rxstate';

import { ListToolbarConfigModel } from './config.model';
import { ListToolbarConfigSetSearchEnabledAction } from './set-search-enabled.action';
import { ListToolbarConfigSetSortSelectorEnabledAction } from './set-sort-selector-enabled.action';

/**
 * @internal
 */
export class ListToolbarConfigOrchestrator extends ListToolbarStateOrchestrator<ListToolbarConfigModel> {
  /* istanbul ignore next */
  constructor() {
    super();

    this.register(
      ListToolbarConfigSetSearchEnabledAction,
      this.setSearchEnabled
    ).register(
      ListToolbarConfigSetSortSelectorEnabledAction,
      this.setSortSelectorEnabled
    );
  }

  private setSearchEnabled(
    state: ListToolbarConfigModel,
    action: ListToolbarConfigSetSearchEnabledAction
  ): ListToolbarConfigModel {
    return new ListToolbarConfigModel(
      Object.assign({}, state, { searchEnabled: action.enabled })
    );
  }

  private setSortSelectorEnabled(
    state: ListToolbarConfigModel,
    action: ListToolbarConfigSetSortSelectorEnabledAction
  ): ListToolbarConfigModel {
    return new ListToolbarConfigModel(
      Object.assign({}, state, { sortSelectorEnabled: action.enabled })
    );
  }
}


EARLIER this week LafargeHolcim received the approval of the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs for the streamlining of their ownership structure in India, and the company is now awaiting formal communication from the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) in order to close the transaction.
The transaction has already been approved by all other stakeholders, including the independent directors, minority shareholders, the Securities and Exchange Board of India, stock exchanges and respective High Courts in India.
By way of intra-group restructuring, LafargeHolcim will increase their shareholding in Ambuja to 61.14% and Ambuja, in turn, will acquire LafargeHolcim's 50.05% stake in ACC Ltd.
The transaction will be effected through a merger of Holcim India Private Ltd (HIPL), a wholly owned financial holding subsidiary, with Ambuja. In a two-stage deal, Ambuja will first acquire, through a purchase, a 24% stake in HIPL for a cash consideration of INR35,000 million, followed by a stock merger between HIPL and Ambuja.
As part of the merger, LafargeHolcim will receive 584 million new equity shares of Ambuja, resulting in an increase of their ownership in the company from the current 50.28% to 61.14%.
LafargeHolcim are one of India's leading building materials companies with two strong brands, ACC Ltd and Ambuja, together with an extensive network of more than 100,000 dealers and retailers.
The Group has a balanced footprint across India with over 60 million tonnes of cement capacity, more than 13,000 employees and around CHF3.3 billion in net sales in 2015.


text:
Ebola is overhyped
A minor disease should be treated as business-as-usual
Ebola has been everywhere in the media for several months. If you look at Google Trends, you will see that the amount of media coverage dedicated to Ebola surpassed that of tuberculosis and even AIDS by an order of magnitude.
If you trusted the media as an honest reflection of the danger, you could conclude that the number of deaths from Ebola has been approximately 10 times larger than that from AIDS or tuberculosis. Is this estimate a good one?
Of course, it's not. The annual number of deaths due to AIDS is about 1.5 million, the toll due to tuberculosis is also 1.5 million, if we double-count 0.5 million where AIDS and tuberculosis "cooperated". The ratio 1.5 million over 5,000 (2014 Ebola deaths so far) is 300. Instead of 10 times larger, Ebola's killing power is 300 times smaller. In some sense, one could say that Ebola is overhyped in the media by the factor of 3,000.
All these diseases and many others are different, differently fast, differently urgent, caused by different microorganisms and spreading through slightly different channels. But all of them are capable of achieving the exponential growth of the number of the infected people and all of them have a high mortality rate.
When it comes to their effects on the society, they are comparable which is why the direct comparisons of their casualties is a relatively fair criterion to estimate their relative importance. Ebola simply is much less consequential at this moment than tuberculosis, AIDS, and several other infectious diseases. It's also no threat to the survival of the mankind. Some people have been cured of Ebola, and so on. In this sense, Ebola seems to have a higher chance to be fully defeated than AIDS.
So where does this excess exposure to Ebola in the media come from? Sorry to say but it's mostly a fad that is supported mostly by the ignorance and stupidity of the writers who aren't capable of seeing the data in the proper context and to present the stories in the right proportion. They are wrong by three orders of magnitude because they are idiots. They don't fully realize that infectious diseases have existed since the moment when life was born on Earth – for billions of years – and even well-monitored Ebola outbreaks have been around since 1976. And yes, they have faded away in the past, much like they will probably fade away soon.
Needless to say, the Ebola panic isn't the first case of an infectious disease that is overhyped by the (post)modern media. Five years ago, the media would be full of swine flu. Five years earlier, it would be bird flu. Nowadays, you don't hear about these things at all. It seems clear to me that the swine flu hysteria was a cure that was worse than the original disease. I bet that most of us don't even know whether these diseases still exist and spread somewhere. But the media haven't learned any lesson so every increase of another disease is a good enough reason to exaggerate the threat. It's a good opportunity for some politicians to strengthen their image of Messiahs in the eyes of their most gullible voters.
Much of this "political power" of Ebola is due to the "special" catchy name. If the name were "some contrived adjective flu", people wouldn't write about it as much.
I am not saying that people shouldn't fight against Ebola. I am not even saying that the demonstrably infected and perhaps potentially infected people shouldn't be segregated in quarantine. They probably should be. Flights to the bad regions should be restricted and given special care. And there are people in each country that are supposed to deal with similar things. Epidemiologists, you know. There are many technical questions about the necessity and helpfulness of various policies etc. Good enough experts are probably needed to compare costs and benefits of such policies.
But what I consider stupid is the media image of Ebola as one of the most serious threats facing the mankind in 2014. It's just a media fantasy. In a speech one month ago, an empty suit listed Ebola and Russia among 3 world's biggest threats, along with the Islamic State. The Russian prime minister pointed out that the inclusion of Russia had to be due to a brain aberration of this empty suit and he was surely right. However, my point right now is that the inclusion of Ebola was a brain aberration, too. Ebola probably doesn't make it among top 5 most threatening infectious diseases as of now and infectious diseases are just a relatively small (but not negligible) fraction of the threats that the humanity faces.
Incidentally, it is pretty ironic that the empty suit who claims to dislike Ebola and Russia has appointed an Ebola czar. This table shows that Obama has invented 38 czar titles – more than ever before (although his predecessor was already a much "stronger" czarmarker [not to be confused with a carmaker] than all the previous presidents) and more than the total number of czars in the whole history of the Russian Empire. You could think that if Obama thinks that czars are such an excellent idea, he should be more respectful to Russia and avoid ludicrous claims such as "Russia doesn't make anything". Among other things, Russia has invented czars that are at the heart of Obama's leadership.
Let me stop with these silly jokes.
My point is that every highly lethal disease is dangerous but there are many of them, there are people (and even before the Ebola czar, there were people) who should fight against these threats, and extracting Ebola from the context and blowing it out of proportion may only help to spread the lack of realism and the excess of stupidity. And stupidity is unfortunately spreading much more quickly than Ebola. Many presidents don't include stupidity among the top threats for the mankind because they have already been conquered by the stupidity virus and it prevents them from seeing and saying the obvious.
G. Z. Nov 1, 2014, 10:15:00 AM
Speaking of spreading of stupidity... Dear Tim Cook, I (among many) don't give a fu*king f*ck.
Carbone Nov 1, 2014, 10:28:00 AM
It's not just stupidity of the writers, it's mostly the 24-hour news cycle. They're struggling to hold onto the audience so everything is breaking news and they keep milking anything remotely interesting until something else comes along.
Luboš Motl Nov 1, 2014, 11:05:00 AM
Good point, Carbone. But even this thing you call "24-hour news cycle" is composed of things that are irrational even if one accepts the goal of keeping the readership.
Some of the wrong assumptions behind the "cycle" are that
1) every 24 hours, the number of interesting events that happen is the same
2) the distribution of the events among different major topics is the same
3) only the events whose bulk happened in the last 24 hours matter
When there are no big events concerning threats in the last 24 hours, they should simply write about different things than threats. When there are no important events of any kind in the last 24 hours, they should write about things that have relevance in the longer run.
I am not calling for any institutionalized quotas on topics but the writers simply should be able to see that if the total number of articles in major world's newspapers exceeds the number of casualties of the "potentially emerging pandemics", the topic has probably been overwritten.
Now, it's plausible that the readers really want to read 10 new articles about Ebola every day so the profit-driven justification to do such a thing is justifiable. But I still think it's right to point out that newspapers and similar producers of news that depend on the basic biological human instincts and on the human stupidity and fear in this way are not quality producers and the comments that they are prestigious are misleading, to put it really mildly. They are not far from sources that offer porn and similar things. They may call themselves the Grey Lady or anything else but such a lady doesn't really differ from a hard-working prostitute in Amsterdam's Red Light District too much.
LOL, neither do I, but as long as Tim Cook doesn't want me to give him a f*king f*ck, I don't give a damn about his orientation or revelation, either. And it has no implications for the products - unless we will be told that the iPhones bend and go placid in the presence of women. In that case, one would have to be careful what we do with the product, or switch to a difference one.
8th Nov 1, 2014, 12:49:00 PM
I always feel that the drug companies pays to have those outbursts appearing, paying the UN International Health Organisation to make these small diseases into apocalypse. I think you forgot Sars in your list of made up apocalypses which are just small diseases.
AD Nov 1, 2014, 1:23:00 PM
It's Bayes: P(dying from Ebola) = P(dying | having Ebola) * P(having Ebola) = big number * very small number = small number. People have an strong emotional response to the first term, P(dying | having Ebola), because it involves picturing themselves in a bad situation. The second term, P(having Ebola), doesn't give rise to any mental imagery and doesn't provoke an emotional response. Media coverage and everyday discussion about things is, sadly, monotonic in the level of emotional response and often independent of other stuff that's practically important but doesn't provoke a response. So the whole Ebola craze is irrational but predictable :D
HenryBowman419 Nov 1, 2014, 2:05:00 PM
It is overhyped, but the ludicrous statements from the U.S. government regarding the disease essentially destroyed the public's confidence in the government. Example: BHO stated that it was "very unlikely" that a case would appear in the U.S. Given the free travel from the hot zone, this statement was utterly ridiculous: the probability that a case would appear in the U.S. was just slightly less than 1.0.
The main potential problem with the disease occurs in urban areas in Africa, where whole cities could be literally decimated under the right circumstances. That's why Nigeria has been very proactive in controlling the spread of the disease.
The 24-hr news cycle does indeed play a big role in the over-hyping. Recall that CNN spent a solid 6 weeks on non-stop speculation as to what happened to MH-370, which we now pretty well know is at the bottom of the Indian Ocean — we just don't know why.
Luboš Motl Nov 1, 2014, 2:23:00 PM
A part of the product is called a factor, not a term. ;-)
There are many other situations in which the death rate is very high.
Who is benefiting from the Ebola scare if there isn't really any ready-to-use commercial cure?
Frank Ch. Eigler Nov 1, 2014, 2:44:00 PM
P(having Ebola) = very small number
risks turning false without vigilance (and of course it's already false in various places).
Considering the timewise nature of infection spread, you should use a differential equation rather than a static probability anyway.
I completely agree. Given the fact that the U.S. has 300 million citizens and a big part (or most) of them travel all the time, the probability that *none* of them would catch an infection like that is virtually zero.
Yup, locally, it may be a huge problem in African cities.
Tony Nov 1, 2014, 4:07:00 PM
What annoys me is his invocation of God. He thanks God for his sexual orientation. What's next? Gee, thanks God I have two legs, thanks God I have a blond hair, whatever. Apparently, these days you just invoke God and it is all automatically great, whatever it is. If I were deeply religious I would consider this a blatant breach of the 3rd commandment: You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain
Fer137 Nov 1, 2014, 4:11:00 PM
In all such matters, before to imagine conspiracies, stupidity is the most likely cause.
physicsnut Nov 1, 2014, 4:12:00 PM
The real problem is Globalization of Disease - not just ebola - but the whole notion that every hospital in the USA has to be prepared to deal with anybody from anywhere carrying any germ. It makes no economic sense because maybe one or two will ever see such a case. PBS reported what one hospital is doing - converting a cardiac ward to handle 3 or 4 cases - on top of everyone being overworked to begin with, and costing millions of bucks. If you have 2 people in the waiting room and they both have a temperature of 101, then you want a warning if one of them is a walking biohazard, and that is what is missing. That is a practical concern, not a matter of reading articles on 'risk analysis'.
As to hype - heck, this is america - land of hype. Just divide everything they say by 10 and go with that.
Not only journalists and politicians, organizations like CDC and WHO have been making exaggerated predictions of hundreds of thousands of cases. The reality is that there are fewer cases every week for quite some time, especially in two of the three countries. Weekly charts here:
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137376/1/roadmapsitrep_29Oct2014_eng.pdf?ua=1
As for the disease itself, its own high mortality rate makes the virus can not spread much.
John Archer Nov 1, 2014, 4:39:00 PM
Religion is somewhat more entrenched in the US than the UK. (I'm guessing you're an American.)
If he were English and publicly thanked God for his homosexuality, people here would just think he was a little queer.
Gene Day Nov 1, 2014, 5:16:00 PM
Humor intended?
Right, but the truth to be told, God has always been used as a weapon to control people's opinions in a similar way as Tim Cook used it.
People would say "God wants [something that I want]", and this made the person's personal wish may sound more important or more impressive. Sometimes such a false prophet was burned at stake, but sometimes his interpretation of God's wishes was so successful that he became really powerful instead.
So employing God as the sponsor of mass homosexual orgies, for example, would only differ from the abuses of God in the Middle Ages by the postmodern hobby involved. ;-)
Almost every extended family in America has at least one gay member and this has led to the most rapid change in public attitudes of my almost eighty years in this country.
Of course it should not matter if one is gay, other LBGT, a racial minority or female but it does, albeit less than it once did. People such as Tim Cook, Peter Thiel, Lynn Conway and others are helping to level the playing field. Conway, along with Carver Mead wrote the book on large-scale ICs. She (once he) was at PARC when I was there.
The word "God" is frequently used in a generic sense by non-preligious people. Abraham Lincoln, who was not personally religious, used it all the time.
Werdna Nov 1, 2014, 5:48:00 PM
Almost every extended family? Where do you get your numbers on this? Seems unlikely to me on the grounds that homosexuals are a very small minority.
Don't get me wrong, I don't care if it's true or not, it's just I'm a little incredulous.
Shannon Nov 1, 2014, 6:16:00 PM
It's funny. You seem to believe that it is when it hits the US that it is becoming global. Lol. In the US only the black guy died of Ebola. The whites survived.
Hmmm. That's a tricky one. I wouldn't put my shirt on it as I don't know the man personally, and he may well have a nice sardonic sense of humour, but on balance, no — unfortunately I think he actually means it. More to the point though, my guess is that he also thinks it'll reflect well on the share price — no doubt through increased 'loyalty' sales among public-lavatory enthusiasts and their supporters, and indeed the global buggery community in general.
In any case, they're a pretty humourless bunch, CEOs, in my experience. I don't see why he'd be an exception.
I hope that answers your question. ;)
P.S. Please stay online if you are willing to complete our brief customer satisfaction survey. Your feedback is important to us. Especially now that the downtick has been crippled. :)
MikeNov Nov 1, 2014, 6:37:00 PM
Death rate of 70%, acting much faster than AIDS. The spreading is also more than for AIDS, though that is the part that has been overhyped. CDC said you can't get it on a bus, but you can spread it on a bus. Why there they following up o everyone who was on a plane if it is no big deal?
You call for quarantines and stopping flights, but these things have not happened.
Thanks God for the uptick. May it be eternal.
True. One more reason why I think the term Feudalism II describes current century the best.
Gene Day Nov 1, 2014, 10:29:00 PM
Of course it depends on what is meant by "extended family". I don't know the exact percentage of homosexuals but they are certainly not a small minority. I have known quite a few over the last seven decades, some of whom married a person of the opposite sex and even had children only to come out of the closet later.
I think the percentage is in the 10-15 % range but I can't prove it and it could easily be larger. What is undeniable is that a titanic shift in peoples attitudes has occurred over the last couple of decades.
The word "God" has been used in many contexts and for a variety of purposes, Lubos. An example for the ages is Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address, which I regard as the best speech ever given by an American President. Lincoln used the term repeatedly as a reference to that which we are powerless to change.
What the hell is a mass homosexual orgy? Every gay person I have known has kept his or her sex life far more private than the average homosexual.
In the US the word "queer" is a euphemism for a gay male. I thought you were trying to be funny.
John Archer Nov 2, 2014, 12:12:00 AM
Uncanny! It's exactly the same here!
I haven't mentioned this to anyone else for fear of ridicule, but over the years I've detected a remarkable similarity in the way you Americans and we Britons speak, so much so indeed that I've even found it possible to conduct a mutually intelligible conversation with some of your fellow countrymen without recourse to a phrase book. One suspects some deep historical connection. Perhaps a future Alfred Wegener will uncover it.
Yes, Gene, it was a deliberate pun. :)
Of course, any offence taken by sour-faced 'passers-by' is a welcome bonus for me. :)
"I thought you were trying to be funny."
Yes, Gene, well spotted! I was, in fact in all three of these responses of mine. However, something tells me now I might have to try a lot harder in future. :)
Oh well, per ardua ad astra and all that!
Tallyho! :)
Tony Nov 2, 2014, 1:05:00 AM
True. However, you don't see titles like "LeBron thanks God that he is 6'8"" every day in the media and we all know that Christianity (or Islam for that matter) don't take exactly tolerant stance towards homosexuality. I see this case as a deliberate PR pitch.
jim z Nov 2, 2014, 4:35:00 AM
"There are many other situations in which the death rate is very high."
Living has a 100% death rate. 8^)
Ebola and the Islamic State are privileged. Obama will not stigmatize Africans with a disease, and he will not stigmatize murderous Mohammedans with a theology.
Fer137, I think that you are incorrect on both of your points:
The infection growth rate is still exponential.
Fast transmission means fast evolution of the virus (propagation of mutations). There is only safety for a few humans in the limit of the high mortality rate of the disease.
jon Nov 2, 2014, 5:04:00 AM
The stupidity is spreading faster than the virus. Nut meant that the transmission is global because airplane travel is. But what really gets me is that because only a few hundred people a day are dying from ebola that it is not as big a problem as gun violence, bowel obstructions, or whatever your personal pet peeve is. It is doubling every month. That means every month we waste saying its not a big problem means it will be twice as expensive to fix it.
Well, if you post that to ZeroHedge you will probably get a lot of upvotes but you will also get a few responses telling you that Obama is a CIA puppet, Ebola is a CIA invention and ISIS was manifestly created by CIA. The latter is slightly more believable. Here, I think it is only lowering the level of the discussion.
Smoking Frog Nov 2, 2014, 6:43:00 AM
The nurse Amber Vinson is white? I'd never have guessed it!
Luboš Motl Nov 2, 2014, 7:22:00 AM
Dear Gene, are you really asking me what is a mass homosexual orgy?
If you need a scientific paper that defines it and discusses some of its consequences, why wouldn't you start e.g. with
NikFromNYC Nov 2, 2014, 7:24:00 AM
In the last two decades exploratory synthetic chemistry has made rather big workflow and knowledge base advances, using the same old reaction methods. It's equivalent to automation and a thinking cap. However protein folding level computer simulation is still not advancing much at all, so it's still hard to actually predict protein responses to drugs, or how new proteins might be designed as interventions. Still, it's a tough job market for academic and corporate synthetic chemists what with the big bucks now going to climate alarm parasites. Devices, sensors, and molecular electronics get massive funding, and suffer from fads and hype, as big synthetic chemistry projects still lack sexiness enough to equal something like the genome project in support.
Shannon Nov 2, 2014, 8:28:00 AM
Is she dead ?
The US is afraid. And Jon even more. Ebola ! Ebola ! EboAllah!
A good scare is a great marketing tool ;-)
It surely is, Shannon. But my question is What is the product that is being marketed here? I don't see it.
RAF III Nov 2, 2014, 10:53:00 AM
Lubos - If it must have a purpose then I would suggest that it is a intended as a distraction. On the other hand scaring people is fun.
Shannon Nov 2, 2014, 11:42:00 AM
ZMapp. But it only seems to work on white people haha.
Smoking Frog Nov 2, 2014, 12:52:00 PM
Huh? I don't get it.
BTW, the other nurse that got ebola, Nina Pham, is not white, either.
What's your evidence for that?
Smoking Frog Nov 2, 2014, 1:09:00 PM
It's uncertain whether Lincoln was religious. There's evidence on both sides.
Abraham Lincoln and Religion
Don't you Brits also use "queer" to mean "odd," having nothing to do with homosexuality? Americans used to, but nowadays we don't, except maybe some highly educated people.
certainly not a small minority ... 10-15% range ... could easily be larger
All the studies are against you. Based on personal experience, I'd be amazed if it was so high as 10%, astounded if it was higher, and absolutely blown away if it was higher than 15%.
NPR interview with a demographer
Yes, you're right, but from what you say it's broadly the same here too.
Queer is still occasionally used to mean odd or strange, but nowadays such usage carries the risk of the speaker being thought by some to be old fashioned or unworldly. For most of us, what was originally intended perhaps as a polite euphemism has now taken on pretty much the same meaning of the then unmentionable-in-polite-society to which it referred. What you say about the more highly educated, or cloistered, chimes nicely.
On balance I'd say the outlook appears pretty bleak for any budding transatlantic phrase-book compilers. :)
Further thought: maybe there's a PhD thesis in philology here. A queer subject. :)
lukelea Nov 2, 2014, 4:24:00 PM
"So where does this excess exposure to Ebola in the media come from? Sorry to say but it's mostly a fad that is supported mostly by the ignorance and stupidity of the writers. . ."
I have another, though not mutually exclusive, explanation: financially-strapped major media over-hype the Ebola story because it makes them lots of money -- just as racial riots in Ferguson, climate doomsday scenarios, Fukushima radiation hysteria, and many other similar stories do. TB and AIDS aren't news anymore.
QsaTheory Nov 2, 2014, 5:10:00 PM
My impression is that most people in the world don't care that much for these kind of news. Most are interested in more mundane type of interest. People magazine has the highest readership. Also
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/07/top-magazines-circulation-2013_n_4745082.html
Well I'd like to get the evidence that it is also working on blacks because they don't seem to have tried ZMapp on them yet. Why ?
jim z Nov 2, 2014, 6:15:00 PM
It's only an observation that stigmatization is more important than precaution.
Were precaution at the forefront, people would be less anxious.
OT, but loosely related:
It's a curious thing, that in listening to those of a 'progressive' bent, one could be forgiven for thinking that the white man is solely responsible for all the human evils of this world, yet this same devil—in their lights—has the sole responsibility for the care and salvation of the whole of humanity.
Perhaps that's something of an exaggeration. But not fucking much.
Thank you for citing actual data. As Gallup notes, increased prominence of homosexuals in media has lead to overestimations like Gene's to be quite common. This may help the prospects of certain homosexuals goals, advancement of certain rights and so forth, but it's also factually incorrect.
I have only met one homosexual that I no of, once, in my admittedly not yet very long life. I was not related to that person, and no one I am related to is a homosexual except perhaps people so distantly related to me that I don't even know they exist. I wouldn't presume, based on my experience, that the percentage of homosexuals is as low as my experience would suggest (Which I'd guess is like, one one thousandth of one percent of people I've met) because there's a huge sampling problem there. That's why I prefer actual statistical evidence. Seems to suggest 10% is probably a high estimate. Personally, that's what I'd consider a small minority. If Gene has a different standard for what he considers a small minority then our "disagreement" is semantic, not substantive.
John Archer Nov 2, 2014, 10:51:00 PM
"I wouldn't presume, based on my experience, that the percentage of homosexuals is as low as my experience would suggest...."
I thinks that's wise. By the sounds of it you and I have similar experiences but I'm a lot older. For a large part of my early life, homosexual acts were illegal in England, so homosexuality generally had a low profile in those days anyway. By and large it still has as far as I can tell, at least in ordinary life, i.e. when not being bombarded with it by the 'progressive' media.
But I think the main reason for our similar (earlier) experiences is that, being heterosexuals, we're simply oblivious to it — it's just not on our radar. Females, on the other hand, are responsible for all those blown valves with their persistent blip overload. :)
I worked with a chap for about three or four years. He was as much a regular and popular member of our (then young) crowd as any of us. We were all married blokes except him. He still lived with (or cared for?) his mother or something like that apparently, I gleaned. It never occurred to me to make personal enquiries — as long as he paid for his round of beer and kept the jokes coming at the Friday lunchtime piss-ups etc [those days are long gone] all was fine. I warmed to him and enjoyed his company. He had a superb sense of humour — very dry. He was a little strange though, in some ways that impinged on my consciousness but which I never bothered to examine—but then we're all a little strange.
Anyway, shortly after he left our employment, the subject of the pub conversation turned to him. In response to some casual remark I made (which I don't recall) I was a little surprised at the response: "You do know that X is queer, don't you?"
Well, no actually, I didn't. I'd never thought about it. But then—instantly—I knew the fact fitted! X did walk with rather small quick, deliberate steps, wore his trousers a little too high, well off the hip, and was curiously precise about certain unimportant things (unimportant to me, that is). A slightly fussy if conservative dresser. No mention of girlfriends. And he lived with his mother! Bingo! So there you have it. They're not all roaring queens and Village People, you know! :)
Gradually over the years I've come to know a few more who've joined our circle of friends. Relatives of friends, friends of friends, that kind of thing. Of course, I'm more tuned in now. Haha! I take them all as just variations of X. :)
After reading Smoking Frog's links I asked my wife what percentage of the population she thought constituted homosexuals, lesbians etc. She said she guessed three to four. I was impressed.
But then she quipped that I ought to take it up and stop 'bothering' her. Which rather took the wind out of my sails. :)
That reminds me: when I was young the thought of older people having sex was about as repulsive to me as the sort of things homosexuals get up to. But needs must and one mellows. Poorer eyesight helps too. Eeyuk! :)
Jim, I think you are precisely an example victim of that journalistic overhyped.
"..The infection growth rate is still exponential."
If anything, downward exponential.
No point arguing facts. No exponential growth rate, not even a growth rate. It is decreasing rate. I wrote the link to the official data. There you can see the declining charts week after week, consistently for nearly 6 reports.
Even if they do not take into account the decreasing confirmed cases (such as the WHO says about Liberia) are also decreasing the suspected and probable cases.
Again the link to the latest situation report: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137376/1/roadmapsitrep_29Oct2014_eng.pdf?ua=1
Here the whole collection. To be able to see future reports. Those on Wednesdays have the weekly evolution. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/situation-reports/en/
However if we look in google-images 'ebola chart' shows lots of insane exponential charts, even in October-November. Simply lie. As can be seen easily. I suppose they are those for journalistic sites, organizations, etc.
Scaring sells more, as in so many other issues.
"..Fast transmission means fast evolution of the virus (propagation of mutations)."
With 'fast development' I meant that in just 3 weeks virus disappears.
I meant that in just three weeks the virus disappears in all cases.
In half of the cases with the death of the patient, and the other half by antibodies generated. Compare it with other viruses such as AIDS, which for years could spread from each patient.
The rate of 'mutation' you mention has nothing to do with it.
Short duration of the disease, "Speed of transmission", and Mutation rate, are 3 different and independent concepts. Moreover the ebola isn't characterized by particularly "fast transmission", neither particularly high mutation rate.
Instead it is a disease that lasts a relatively short time, which is what I meant. 3 weeks maximum.
And since you brought up the subject of mutations: The less time, fewer mutations.
As I said before: The virus unknown survive in humans. It is not adapted to it. Kill the host and itself, or perishes in 3 weeks.
(Is adapted to other species)
Mutations that would make better adapted, and therefore the most advantaged evolutionarily, would be improve survival in humans, (one of the most abundant and ubiquitous mammals on Observable Universe), would make it far less dangerous. (But journalists,etc. only mention what could do even more deadly and scary, Professional deformation:)
kingkevin3 Nov 3, 2014, 8:17:00 PM
I remember when the empty suit first got elected. The coverage here in the UK was worse than when that other cretin Lady Diana Spencer was killed. The shocking thing is there are now a lot of conservatives in this country (the UK) who would sooner identify themselves with the policies of Putin than those of the empty suit. A sorry state of affairs indeed.
mesocyclone Nov 4, 2014, 4:25:00 AM
A partial explanation is that the news doesn't report the state of the system, it reports the time derivative of that state. Hence the word "new" in "news."
Right. But the time derivative of anything about ebola is very small, too!