A graphical representation of how individuals visualize data connections. A fine example of the visualizer can be found here TouchGraphLinkBrowser.
Mind maps are often used in BrainStorming.
A mind map can also be used when you need to give a talk or presentation. Core concepts in the center, details on the outside. This allows you to "prune" unnecessary detail when you run out of time our your audience is not interested in a particular branch. This is an important advantage over documents structured as ordinary outlines and TableOfContents. Ideally, a hypertext can not only be represented as a graph (nodes/pages, connections/links), because such a graph fails to take relevance and memorability into account. Eg. in order to create a mind map based on a collection of wiki pages, you need additional information: A center to start from, major headings, some mnemonics, little pictures, cross references.
Embedding mindmaps in a wiki - WikkaWiki, a GPL-licensed WikiEngine, provides native support for inline FreeMind? data and maps.


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text:
Music use guide
Music uses :
Performing music during a concert or event
Broadcasting music on the radio or on television
Integrating or sharing music hosted by an online music platform
Exploiting an online streaming platform
In the production of content
Using existing piece of music in contents, with or without sound recordings
Commission of original music
Music broadcast by companies, businesses and other establishments
Using music for a commercial product or service
In the music industry
Arranging a musical work
Modifying the integrity of a music work (translation, modifications, etc.)
Making available a musical work and/or sound recording on a streaming and/or download platform when you do not control all the rights
Making available a piece of music and/or sound recording you own all the rights to on a streaming and/or download platform
Reproduction and exploitation of music on a physical support
In dramatic stage works
Using existing previously marketed music in stage productions (opera, ballet, theatre, etc.)
Commissioning original music for stage productions (opera, ballet, theatre, etc.)
In the education sector
Using song lyrics in an educational facility
Using the sheet music or sound recording of a musical work in an educational facility
Using music for a cause, political message, etc.
Using the likeness and/or voice of performing artists and/or songwriters
Graphic reproduction of the lyrics and/or music of a music work
id Identification of music rights holders
anchor Resources and references
C&P APEM 2020
Music use Guide by
Guide of music use
Using music in personal content
Type of use
Using music in a piece of content that you have generated yourself for non-commercial or non-promotional purposes. Think, as an example, of a video of your vacation that is located on your computer or published on a site such as YouTube, Vimeo, Dailymotion, Instagram, Facebook, or any other service that lets you share video content over the Internet. Bear in mind, however, that if the video includes an ad, generates revenues one way or another or promotes a product or a service, it is no longer considered a personal use. Here are a few examples of music uses that are NOT personal, non-commercial and non-promotional:
integrating music through the use of YouTube or Spotify players on company web sites, sponsored blogs, etc.;
using music to promote, directly or indirectly, a product, a business, an individual, etc.;
using music in a video whose views could be monetized in any way;
For personal use of music, you simply need to indicate the source of the musical work and its sound recording, as well as the name of the songwriters, performing artists, and producers, when possible.
If you wish to exploit this content for commercial or promotional purposes, please refer to this page.
Clarifications and cautionary statement
The Copyright Act includes an exception regarding user generated content which stipulates that using a work that has already been published is not a copyright infringement inasmuch as the work is not used for commercial purposes, that information on the rights holders is included whenever possible and that the user, to the best of their knowledge, does not think said work is counterfeit and that its use has no significant negative impact on the actual and potential exploitation of that piece of music.
Despite the inclusion of this exception to the law, the rights holders of a musical work can, pursuant to their moral right, deem your visual creation as discriminatory, racist, hateful, etc., and demand that it be removed from YouTube, Vimeo, Dailymotion, Instagram, Facebook, or any other service that lets you share video content over the Internet.
Related uses
- Using existing piece of music, with or without sound recordings
- Commission of original music
The material on this web site is provided for informational purposes only.
A guide by

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


the American people have not lost faith in this country; there are problems and we will solve them.
remember, Kevin De Wine stressed, it is the candidates that bring excitment to political campaigns.
it is the role of the Court to uphold the Constitution; not invent a new one.
'You know,' Chairman Ashcraft, ' it was your letting me speak at the Washington County Lincoln Day Dinner that made tonight possible'.
Chad Wilkins, Brenda Wright, Judy McGoughey, with US Senatorial Candidate Eric LaMont Gregory at the Perry County Lincoln Day Dinner.


text:
"Based on my thirty five years in the publishing industry I can reliably say that Maryglenn is one of the best publicists in the business. Her intelligence and positive attitude along with†her in depth of understanding of the complete publishing process make her a pleasure to work with."
Kenzi Sugihara, Publisher, SelectBooks, Inc.
"Two things are important to me in hiring a publicist. I want results, and I want to have fun working with my publicist to get those results. That is why I hired Maryglenn McCombs twice to promote my books. You only have one shot at getting a book launch the attention it deserves. If that opportunity is missed, it can limit the success of your book. That is why it is essential to make the best choice of publicist the first time.
I have worked with other publicists with varying levels of satisfaction. I work with Maryglenn McCombs with complete satisfaction. She is systematic and reliable while being creative and inventive. She thinks of intriguing angles and is persistent in finding placements. She completely understands what I am about, which is essential for anyone who represents me. Plus—get this—she is easy to reach and always returns my phone calls in timely fashion. I will regret the day when I no longer have reason to be working with her. I just might keep writing books for the sole purpose of keeping her involved in my work!"
Meryl Runion, author of How to Use PowerPhrases to Say What You Mean, Mean What You Say, and Get What You Want
(McGraw Hill)
"Maryglenn McCombs has done more than I expected to get me in print and on the air. She works hard, is easy to work with, and goes to extra lengths to gain exposure for my book and me. I can't imagine not having her as my publicist."
James A. DeSena, author of The 10 Immutable Laws of Power Selling: The Key to Winning Sales, Wowing Customers and Driving Your Profits Through the Roof (McGraw Hill)
"Maryglenn McCombs knows the business and is relentless in her pursuits. She targets so many media outlets and follows up promptly. Maryglenn has offered hope and optimism, and her kind, generous nature is truly appreciated. Her buoyant spirit lifts me when frustrated, and has eased my struggle navigating through this unfamiliar world of media. She is a warmhearted, generous cheerleader, and a joy to work with."
Dr. Abby Aronowitz, author of Your Final Diet (Single Star Press)
"When my novel started to get noticed by major pre-publication reviewers such as Publishers Weekly, my distributor suggested I work with Maryglenn McCombs to take the book's promotion to the next level. It was the best move I made. We were thrilled with the quantity and quality of retail reviews Maryglenn secured and I did a 12 state book tour complete with in-store signings, radio and TV interviews and more all organized by Maryglenn. There is no doubt she made my novel more successful than it would have been without her hard work and dedication. The financial investment was modest compared to the returns."
David Meerman Scott, author of Eyeball Wars: a novel of dot-com intrigue
"Without question, Maryglenn McCombs is the most outstanding publicist I have ever worked with. Her professionalism, creativity and outstanding track record of success are unequalled."
Bruce McCalley, Book Agent / Consultant / President, The McCalley Group
"I work with Maryglenn McCombs with complete satisfaction. She is systematic and reliable while being creative and inventive."
"...Maryglenn is one of the best publicists in the business."
"There is no doubt she made my novel more successful than it would have been without her hard work and dedication."
"Maryglenn McCombs knows the business and is relentless in her pursuits. She targets so many media outlets and follows up promptly."
"I can't imagine not having her as my publicist."
"Her professionalism, creativity and outstanding track record of success are unequalled."
maryglenn@maryglenn.com
© 2006 Maryglenn McCombs


I leaned over to check Blackmore was dead. I thought better of touching him. His chest wasn't moving and a pool of blood was forming under his head. I grabbed his backpack and opened it. He had cashed his traveller's checks.
I stood and turned away from Blackmore to the president. He was on his knees, with his head bowed to the floor. He straightened up as I approached, but stayed on his knees.
Here was the man who had caused my life to spiral out of control, who had taken the last of my family, my father. I should have been furious with him, but I wasn't.
Relieved to know the truth. Relieved to know that Papa hadn't taken the coward's way out.
"What was I to do? I had to do what my boss expected, but I respected your father. I mean, he had a job to do, a code to follow, and so did I. I decided to just give him a scare, to show him that we were serious and that it wasn't worth it, that he should pick his fights more wisely.
"So I followed him that morning to Abiko Station. Platform 4. He was waiting for the 7:55 rapid train to Ueno. I thought I'd just give him a little scare. It was getting crowded, everyone in their lines ready to get on the train. But I was right behind him. He had a briefcase with him and was fumbling with his earphones. I leaned against his shoulder and just said 'Drop your story, or we'll drop you'.
"Then I yanked his briefcase out of his hands and threw it on the tracks. He had heard me. He understood me. But he looked straight over my shoulder at the train signboard. It said three minutes until the next train.
"He jumped down to the tracks to get his briefcase back. It was a brave thing to do. But foolish. He hadn't done his homework. He didn't know that right before the rapid train the Hitachi Express comes through. But he didn't know, he didn't take the train every day. The train came flying into the station, didn't even stop.
I needed a moment to think this through. There was something I didn't get.
He straightened up, turned to the girl cowering with Aunt Tanaka and bowed again. And kept bowing until we pulled into the monorail station at the other end of the zoo.
Good stuff! Waiting for the sequel already.


text:
/* CheckedGroupBoxTest.cs --
 * Ars Magna project, http://arsmagna.ru
 * -------------------------------------------------------
 * Status: poor
 */

#region Using directives

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

using AM;
using AM.Windows.Forms;

using CodeJam;

using IrbisUI;

using JetBrains.Annotations;

using ManagedIrbis;

using MoonSharp.Interpreter;

using Newtonsoft.Json;

#endregion

namespace UITests
{
    public sealed class CheckedGroupBoxTest
        : IUITest
    {
        #region IUITest members

        public void Run
            (
                IWin32Window ownerWindow
            )
        {
            using (Form form = new Form())
            {
                form.Size = new Size(800, 600);

                CheckedGroupBox group = new CheckedGroupBox
                {
                    Text = "Checked group box",
                    Location = new Point(10, 10),
                    Size = new Size(250, 100)
                };
                form.Controls.Add(group);

                Label label = new Label
                {
                    Text = "Label",
                    Location = new Point(10, 20)
                };
                group.Controls.Add(label);

                TextBox textBox = new TextBox
                {
                    Text = "Text box",
                    Location = new Point(10, 50)
                };
                group.Controls.Add(textBox);

                Button button = new Button
                {
                    Text = "Button",
                    Location = new Point(120, 20)
                };
                group.Controls.Add(button);

                form.ShowDialog(ownerWindow);
            }
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: httpd failed to start I got this problem when I renewed my SSL certificate.
Output is below:
 httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d
           └─quick_kill.conf
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2019-10-08 14:39:37 PST; 21min ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
  Process: 3343 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
  Process: 2862 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 2862 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Oct 08 14:39:35 .noblecomms.net.ph systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Oct 08 14:39:37 .noblecomms.net.ph systemd[1]: httpd.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Oct 08 14:39:37 .noblecomms.net.ph kill[3343]: kill: cannot find process ""
Oct 08 14:39:37 .noblecomms.net.ph systemd[1]: httpd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Oct 08 14:39:37 .noblecomms.net.ph systemd[1]: Failed to start The Apache HTTP Server.
Oct 08 14:39:37 .noblecomms.net.ph systemd[1]: Unit httpd.service entered failed state.
Oct 08 14:39:37 .noblecomms.net.ph systemd[1]: httpd.service failed.

Ports 443 and 80 are open, httpd service just won't start.
ps -ef | grep httpd outputs:
mostrev+ 19108 5796 0 13:09 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto httpd

/etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d/quick_kill.conf output
[Service]
TimeoutStopSec=5

netstat output:
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State
tcp        0      0 localhost:52986         localhost:websm         ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 xxxx.xxxx.:56252 10.1.1.2:microsoft-ds   ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 localhost:9981          localhost:60868         ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 xxxx.xxxx.:57862 10.1.1.2:49153          ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 xxxx.xxxx.n:3322 host-b8e2d970.nob:34712 ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 localhost:50862         localhost:6379          TIME_WAIT
tcp        0      0 localhost:51096         localhost:6379          ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 localhost:6379          localhost:51096         ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 localhost:9981          localhost:60870         ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 localhost:46384         localhost:6378          ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 localhost:60868         localhost:9981          ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 xxxx.xxxx.:46770 10.1.1.2:ldap           ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 xxxx.xxxx.n:3322 250.37.61.113.acc:51962 ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 localhost:60870         localhost:9981          ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 xxxx.xxxx.:38050 10.1.1.2:msft-gc        ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 localhost:46386         localhost:6378          ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 xxxx.xxxx.:56254 10.1.1.2:microsoft-ds   ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 xxxx.xxxx.:56256 10.1.1.2:microsoft-ds   ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 localhost:6378          localhost:46384         ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 localhost:6378          localhost:46386         ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 localhost:websm         localhost:52986         ESTABLISHED
Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    26584    /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock/3120
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    32058    /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock/3121
unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    14346    /run/systemd/notify
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    14348    /run/systemd/cgroups-agent
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    26586    /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock/3122
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    27284    /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock/3126
unix  6      [ ]         DGRAM                    14369    /run/systemd/journal/socket
unix  30     [ ]         DGRAM                    14371    /dev/log
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    27762    /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock/2382
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    32027    /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock/2886
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    23660    /var/run/chrony/chronyd.sock
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    27285    /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock/3127
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    10147    /run/systemd/shutdownd
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    33498    /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock/4040
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    27975    /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock/3112
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    32056    /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock/3113
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32773
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    23581
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    43016
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33139
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     20791
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     25665    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33142
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     24683    /run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     57666
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33141
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    22401
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    58573
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33144
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     14168    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33116
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     67352
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     14152    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     23649
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     21220
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     17802
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33145
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33148
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     21221
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33115
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     20421    /var/lib/sss/pipes/private/sbus-monitor
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    28024
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    29930
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26788    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    36026
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33147
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     21222
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     1725     /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     66005
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    19926
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     58582
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33150
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     22383
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    33078
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     28080
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    26799
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    32320
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    27800
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    28052
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     20428    /run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     27205    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     23595    /run/gssproxy.sock
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33151
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     20041
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    26623
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    13668
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33154
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29931
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33121
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33153
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     22029
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26594
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     23588
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     43025
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33124
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     20783
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    1735
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33119
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26589
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33123
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     14237    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26625
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33126
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32047
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     14147    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    27961
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     27281    /var/lib/sss/pipes/private/sbus-monitor
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29917
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26057    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     27174
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26593
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33127
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     22402
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     19765    /run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    25418
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     31045    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     30535
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33130
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    20792
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     34825
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     59608    private/anvil
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33129
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26787
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33132
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    21800
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     19763
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     35787
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     28079
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    26814
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     65320    /var/lib/sss/pipes/nss
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     28600
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33118
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     28021    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26592
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     21802
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     28606
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32946
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    67354
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33133
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32048
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     30600    /run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     19764
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     63251    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33136
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     28601    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32329
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    27818
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33135
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     28603
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26591
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     51781
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    57644
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33138
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     21801
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    19814
unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    25419
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     22403    /run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    26588
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32316
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33171
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26315    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    30543
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     1733     /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32294
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    32071
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29068
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     25786
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     20422    /var/lib/sss/pipes/private/sbus-dp_xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.3123
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32091
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29081
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    42709
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     27544
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29932
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33172
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     28001    /var/lib/sss/pipes/private/sbus-monitor
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33175
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29085
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     34455
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     69745    /var/lib/sss/pipes/nss
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33174
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     62445
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32308
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     14243    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     24936
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33177
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12973
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     42713
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     27552
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32296
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32092
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     22252    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     68374
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29087
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26305
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    42646
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33426
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unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33178
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    29075
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     65281    /var/lib/sss/pipes/nss
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     42710
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     19120
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     25054
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33181
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29086
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unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     34168
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unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33180
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32309
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     14241    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26169    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     42650
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     14239    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33189
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     44657
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     42647
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26306    /run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     42651
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    33898
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     18988
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26699    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32311
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     19048
unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    8689
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33156
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    32040
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    23764
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     34065
unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    8688
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33157
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33429
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     42714
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    32090
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33160
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    57126
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32315
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32060
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33159
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29082
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32302
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     25667    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33162
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33428
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     34064
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32312
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32066
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     20427    /var/lib/sss/pipes/private/sbus-dp_xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.3123
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33163
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     22475
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    39182
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26693    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     30323
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32293
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33165
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     14272    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     26168
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32450
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32303
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29084
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32297
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unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33120
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     27543
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    30314
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29267    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33166
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33169
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     30019
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     33168
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29080
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     29506

quick_kill.conf output:
[Service]
TimeoutStopSec=5

tail -f /var/log/httpd/error_log output:
[Thu Oct 10 09:39:01.757405 2019] [suexec:notice] [pid 21293] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Thu Oct 10 09:39:01.758608 2019] [ssl:emerg] [pid 21293] AH02311: Fatal error initialising mod_ssl, exiting. See /etc/httpd/logs/ssl_error_log for more information
[Thu Oct 10 09:42:22.747752 2019] [suexec:notice] [pid 3021] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Thu Oct 10 09:42:22.790473 2019] [ssl:emerg] [pid 3021] AH02311: Fatal error initialising mod_ssl, exiting. See /etc/httpd/logs/ssl_error_log for more information
[Thu Oct 10 10:02:30.774432 2019] [suexec:notice] [pid 11196] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Thu Oct 10 10:02:30.775639 2019] [ssl:emerg] [pid 11196] AH02311: Fatal error initialising mod_ssl, exiting. See /etc/httpd/logs/ssl_error_log for more information
[Thu Oct 10 11:05:32.920750 2019] [suexec:notice] [pid 18791] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Thu Oct 10 11:05:32.933032 2019] [ssl:emerg] [pid 18791] AH02311: Fatal error initialising mod_ssl, exiting. See /etc/httpd/logs/ssl_error_log for more information
[Thu Oct 10 11:09:07.092589 2019] [suexec:notice] [pid 2910] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
[Thu Oct 10 11:09:07.154310 2019] [ssl:emerg] [pid 2910] AH02311: Fatal error initialising mod_ssl, exiting. See /etc/httpd/logs/ssl_error_log for more information

A: If apache/httpd was working before you installed the new SSL, I strongly suggest that you review the syntax of your configuration by using
httpd -t

Any time you edit the configuration of apache/httpd you want to ensure that the syntax is correct otherwise when you restart the apache/httpd service won't come back up. Here is an example of a working SSL setup.
<VirtualHost *:443>

DocumentRoot "/var/www/jesus"
ServerName jare.site
ServerAlias www.jare.site

ReWriteEngine on

SSLEngine on
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3
SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.jare.site/cert.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.jare.site/privkey.pem
SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.jare.site/fullchain.pem

</VirtualHost>

Now, I have edited  the SSLCertifacateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.jare.site/cert.pe by removing the "m" from the end and as you can see, it has cause apache/httpd not to come back up.
<VirtualHost *:443>

DocumentRoot "/var/www/jesus"
ServerName jare.site
ServerAlias www.jare.site
#AllowOverride All
#Require all granted
ReWriteEngine on
SSLEngine on
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3
SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.jare.site/cert.pe <---
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.jare.site/privkey.pem
SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.jare.site/fullchain.pem

</VirtualHost>

Testing httpd syntax.
$ httpd -t
AH00526: Syntax error on line 25 of /etc/httpd/conf.d/jesus.conf:
SSLCertificateFile: file '/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.jare.site/cert.pe' does not exist
or is empty

httpd/apache refusing to start
$ service httpd restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart httpd.service
Job for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See
"systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Category: Sigma 6
Lockdown (2007 Sigma 6)
If there's one Sigma 6 figure who almost outshines Lt. Stone as my favorite, it's Lockdown. Coming near the end of the grand experiment that was S6, he stands out for me as an ideal example of the line's wonderfully toyetic appeal. First off, he scores points with me for being a brand new character. While I like to see
Inferno (2007 Sigma 6)
You're not looking at a long lost Rescue Heroes figure, it's Inferno, a firefighting specialist from the end of the Sigma 6 series. Actually, other than the obvious scale and style, there's no Sigma 6 branding on the packaging, just the Real American Hero subtitle. The final assortments of the Sigma line were a problematic experience for me to find at
Lt. Stone (2006 Sigma 6)
July 8, 2012 Rob B 13 comments
From the ridiculous to the sublime. After yesterday's post covering one of the goofier Lanard CORPS! figures, I thought I'd return to Sigma 6, one of my favorite of the GI Joe offshoots. A lot has been said about the angst and hate that came about when the Sigma 6 concept was introduced. I recall at the time being intrigued
Dark Ninja Master (2007)
Sigma 6–in the end, it should have been called Stigma 6. Sorry, couldn't resist. The series came along just as it seemed like Hasbro was putting out some nicer product in the Valor vs. Venom and DTC lines. To some fans, the series couldn't be seen as anything but Hasbro 'killing' the small Joes in favor of a more kid-friendly
Snake Eyes (2007 Sigma 6 Commando)
July 20, 2011 Rob B Leave a comment
Over the years, there have been great departures from the established style. Sgt. Savage and Extreme hit in the 90's and were alternately dismissed and reviled. When Sigma 6 was announced in 2005, collectors were not exactly hurrying to jump on the bandwagon. It definitely wasn't focused at them, and was designed with a kid friendly size and aesthetic. I


text:
Anti-Refugee Bill is "not in our name", rabbis tell Home Secretary
Jews for Safe Passage for Afghan Refugees
Preparing for Afghan refugees' arrival
charitable projects
child refugees
dubs
JCORE
JCORE Dinner
Mirgrant
SVPRS
"Your struggle is our struggle" – panel call for renewed anti-racist solidarity
The urgent need for renewed anti-racist solidarity and alliance between the Jewish and black community was discussed at yesterday's virtual Black Lives Matter Everywhere panel, co-hosted by JCORE and JW3 and chaired by JCORE Executive Director Dr Edie Friedman.
Attended by over 3,000 people, the panel featured the Jewish Social Justice Roundtable's Racial Justice Director April Baskin, journalist and campaigner Nadine Batchelor-Hunt, founder of Operation Black Vote, Sir Simon Woolley, and Labour MP and Shadow Justice Secretary David Lammy.
The shared history of struggle, and proud background of solidarity between black and Jewish communities was highlighted by David Lammy MP, who urged the audience to invoke this spirit again today. With anti-racism in the UK increasingly atomized, he also challenged activists to move forward and re-create a broader umbrella coalition.
This call was passionately reflected by Sir Simon Woolley, who urged the audience to stand up and be leaders in demanding racial justice, and to seize the opportunity to fundamentally rebuild society post-Covid-19. Sir Simon and David Lammy both highlighted the importance of viewing the fight against racism as a shared struggle – and that allies outside of the black community must help shoulder this burden.
The necessity for communities to stand together in solidarity against all forms of racism and oppression was emphasised by Nadine Batchelor-Hunt, who highlighted the challenge of being a "minority within a minority" as a black Jew. Batchelor-Hunt stressed that to challenge racism, the Jewish community must also look inwards, and take action to listen and give greater support to Jews of Colour.
This sentiment was reflected by April Baskin, who powerfully reminded the audience that as Jews, we ourselves are members of a multi-racial community with a global diaspora, and that to reach racial justice within our community, Jews must ensure that our values are lived through our actions.
Dr Edie Friedman, Executive Director at the Jewish Council for Racial Equality, said: "We were delighted that this panel brought together so many people, for the opening of this critical conversation. It is vital that we continue this momentum – the key test for our community now is to ensure that this is the start of a longer discussion, which must be reflected in action.
The Covid-19 pandemic has laid bare stark inequalities and deep injustices within our society. After coronavirus, we cannot allow things to continue as they were before. As a community, we must revive our proud history of shared struggle, and amplify our voice to government to be allies in calls for tangible and long-lasting change. We must also start the difficult task of looking critically at ourselves, and raise our game to ensure that we stand against racism and hatred wherever we see it, both inside and outside our community, knowing that racial justice benefits all of society."
A recording of the event is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjTKCbkEBKY&feature=youtu.be


text:
Q: when to throw FileNotFoundException I called a method named readFile() in the main method, readFile() throws FileNotFoundException but main doesn't, like the following:
public static void main(String[] args){
    readFile();
}

public static void readFile() throws FileNotFoundException{
    Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("file.txt"));
    ...
}

When I compiled the program, I got an error at readFile() in the main method. It seems that I need to throw an exception in the header of main as well. Why do I need to throw exception in both headers of main and readFile()?

A: Java has some controversy about its exceptions. It has two classes of exceptions. Checked and unchecked. Any exception extending from RuntimeException or Error is unchecked and does not need to be caught or explicitly declared as throwable in a method signature.
FileNotFound is however a checked exception and must either be caught or declared as throwable in the method signature.
The basic idea is that checked exceptions are ones that you may be able to recover from while unchecked exceptions are ones coming from a most likely unrecoverable error in programming.
You can read all about it here: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/exceptions/runtime.html

A: Think of the throws keyword as a promise; You're saying you're not going to catch the exception now, but you're going to catch it at the calling statement.
The code you currently have in your readFile method seems perfectly valid, but you need to wrap the calling statement in a try-catch to appropriately handle the exception.

A: Your options for handling Exceptions are to catch them and deal with them immediately or to throw them in the function and propagate the exception up to the caller of the function.
For main, it makes sense to catch and handle the exception there.
public static void main(String[] args){
  try {
    readFile();
  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    // Do something with `e`
  }
}

public static void readFile() throws FileNotFoundException {
  Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("file.txt"));
  // ...
}

However, you could also do something like this:
public static void main(String[] args){
  readFile();
}

public static void readFile() {
  try {
    Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("file.txt"));
    // ...
  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    // Do something with `e` or handle it accordingly.
  }
}

I would advise against throwing exceptions in the main, but after that it's really a matter of whether you have a "back up" for if something fails. For more information, this question has fantastic detail.

A: there is no point to throw an exception in main method- this is the entry point to the program, which means no other method will catch this exception and handle it. you should catch and handle the exception here - either log the error, give a clear message to the user, read some other file, whatever, but throwing exception is wrong here.

A: You need to catch the exception
public static void main(String[] args){
    readFile();
}

public static void readFile() {
   try {
      Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("file.txt"));
      ...
   } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
      // Error message
   } catch (Exception ex) {
      // Incase a different exception is caught
   }
}


text: Rails.application.config.session_store :cookie_store, key: '_vagabond_cloud_session'


You are probably lying on your bed and can't fall sleep, hoping that this video will help you out. In that case, you came to the right place.
Having a good sleep is important and I don't have to sell you on that.
In fact luck of a good sleep can cause heart attacks, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, And most importantly it will make feel dizzy al the day.
Remember those days where you didn't have a good sleep at night, you probably were looking like you were drunk.
So lets take a look at 6 ways you can have a better sleep.


Celine van de Laar, researcher at TiH, presented a poster comparing the long-term cost-effectiveness of different treat-to-target therapies in rheumatoid arthritis at the 2017 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting in San Diego, California. The study that used data from the DREAM registry, showed that over a period of 5 years initial combination therapy resulted in lower costs and better quality of life compared to step-up therapy.
The poster abstract can be downloaded here.
Watch a video from iDoctor where Celine explains the poster here (in Dutch).


IDG Contributor Network: Does the answer to better security lie in password-less experiences?
Passwords have been a trusted and familiar method of authentication for years. Their convenience, however, also makes them easy to crack. About 20 percent of users will choose their birth year if asked to create a four-digit PIN, and similar habits abound with passwords. To our disadvantage, we've become so reliant on passwords that, even when data breaches occur almost daily, and we're told to change our passwords, almost half of consumers do not heed that warning.
Passwords have failed to keep pace with the growth of online services on which we rely. Simply put, they do not offer the kind of protection needed from today's fraudsters, who are growing more sophisticated in the way they exploit weaknesses in password security and usability.


Prices for CBRC rental equipment and race scoring services.
Prices when not using Race Scoring Services.
Due to lack of knowledgeable volunteers we are only scoring races that have been timed by us before, .i.e we are not taking new races. The discription is left here as reference for those races we still time.
Chips are the re-usable variety. We prefer to distribute them near the start beginning an hour or two prior to start. At packet pickup or late registration each runner gets a bib with the runner's name as usual. The bib is the ticket to get the chip with the same number. This helps assure the chip gets on the correct runner's shoe.
Mats for reading chips are set up at both the start line and the finish line. Each runner is timed from the start line to the finish line. There is not much advantage for competitive runners to crowd the start line making for a more leisurely start. This method is advantageous for larger races.
Cost is $2.00 registered runner with $350 minimum.
Cost is $1.50 registered runner with $300 minimum.
Computer data entry from race applications.
Complete age group listing with times within 30 minutes after last runner finishes.
A race application in the newsletter for 1 month.
Trailer with cones, stanchions and mile markers.
Gun, finish line clock, split timer watches and bull horn.
Get the race application to the news letter editor on time.
Make arrangements for equipment required.
Arrange pulling the trailer. Your volunteer or $35 for Cornbelt volunteer.
Hand out numbered chips to the correct person (bib number) just before start.
Create a roped off finish area. Stanchions and ropes provided.
Organize chips. The race will be billed $10 for each missing chip.
Collect and make available race applications for data entry.
Arrange registration with pre-labeled bibs for pre-registered runners and hand writing bibs for race day registration.
Enter into our computer the information on race applications.
Print labels before packet pick-up for placing on bibs.
Do computer entry of race day registrations up to race start.
Compute full age group results.
Provide a printed copy at the race, usually available about 30 minutes after the race end.
Provide runner names and addresses for next year mailing.
Examples show some possibilities. Your requirements will likely vary.
Example 1. You have a new race and expect 200 runners; you get 120.
Full Scoring Services, your cost is $300.
Separate pricing (no chips) is $159.
$24  You need 8 stanchions at $.20 times 120 runners.
$20  You choose small clock (minimum).
You choose to have someone pickup and return the equipment.
volunteer transcribe times from the timer to the bib strips.
You decide to not publish full results.
Example 2. You have an established race and expect and get 600 runners.
Full Scoring Services, your cost is $1200.  It rains and only 450 come - $900.
Separate pricing (no chips) is $365.
$60  You need 20 stanchions at $.10 times 600 runners.
$90  You choose large clock. $.15 X 600 runners.
$60  Chronomix timer. $.10 X 600 runners.


text:
STEM programs find sexist culture hard to shake
Michelle Ranken
In 2015, 86 percent of students in computer science programs nationwide were men.
Candice Natiello still recalls a particular experience she had a couple of years ago, when she was a student at the University of Washington Bothell. "I'd always been interested in computers and how they work," she says. So the media and communications major signed up for a computer animation course.
One day in class, she recalls, "this guy looked at me and my friend" — who was also female — "and asked why we were in the class." The implication was that women had no place in a technical field.
Natiello, who asked that we not use her real name, went on to take Coding Dojo courses, training to become a full-stack developer, and was recently hired by a Bellevue startup to do software development. Although her company is very welcoming to women, she says, "It really is a tough industry. I feel like I have to prove myself every day, no matter where I go."
Contrary to popular belief, many STEM (short for science, technology, engineering and math) career paths are no longer exclusive boys-only clubs. But Natiello's experience is not unique. Colleges and universities have made strides in getting more women enrolled in STEM programs, but many female students say that they still feel unwelcome in STEM culture, citing microaggressions and sometimes even downright misogyny.
Highly publicized scandals such as GamerGate, in which several high-profile women in the gaming industry received death threats, have been a terrifying wake-up call for many women in STEM fields. Perhaps it's no surprise that nationally, in highly technical college majors including computer science and engineering, men still outnumber women five to one.
UW has been at the forefront of efforts in gender parity in STEM majors. Nationally in 2015, computer science programs were made up of just 14 percent females on average; UW's enrollment was 32 percent female.
What's UW's secret? There are several, says Ed Lazowska, the Bill and Melinda Gates Chair of the CSE department. The University has eliminated programming experience as a prerequisite for the major, which allows more female students — who are less likely to have had previous exposure to coding — to be admitted. The introductory computer science courses are designed to be challenging yet supportive.
The school then goes above and beyond to keep women in the program. Female grad students mentor undergrads, for example, and the department reaches out to the top female students in introductory CSE courses to encourage them to continue their studies. The department even holds its own Grace Hopper conference, where female students can discuss computing interests with one another.
Seattle University has also set a high bar for getting more female students to enroll in highly technical majors, says Michael J. Quinn, Dean of Seattle U's College of Science and Engineering. Seven of 9 department chairs in the college are women, Quinn says, as are both associate deans. "Prospective students understand that this is a place where the contributions of women are valued, and women can be successful as students and as faculty members," he wrote in an email.
Twenty-six percent of SU's engineering and computer science students this fall are women — significantly higher than the national average, but still below where they should be. "Our primary challenge is getting the word out that Seattle University is a great place to study in a STEM field," Quinn wrote. "When women students visit, they'll learn that 45 percent of the full-time faculty in the College of Science and Engineering are women, as are 40 percent of the students. They won't be alone!"
Convincing women to enroll in these programs is only part of the battle. Nationally, women are still leaving STEM majors at a much higher rate than their male counterparts, and the reason may lie not in a lack of recruiting efforts by universities like UW and Seattle U, but in the traditionally masculine STEM culture itself. According to the Washington Post, "many female students continue to face obstacles, including biases from classmates, teachers and others who might cause them to doubt their potential."
Together with several colleagues, MIT professor Susan S. Silbey conducted a study of 700 engineering students across four different schools (UMass, MIT, Olin College of Engineering and Smith College) "to see how 'socialization,' or learning about the culture of engineering, affects their future job decisions." The study found that while female students perform "as well or better than male students in school," they "often point to the hegemonic masculine culture of engineering itself as a reason for leaving."
Silbey adds that for many female students nationally, "their first encounter with collaboration is to be treated in gender stereotypical ways, mostly by their peers." When working in groups, female students in the study said they were often demoted by their male groupmates into performing secretarial tasks and were "excluded from the 'real' engineering work."
"I think no matter how welcoming any school is when it comes to tech and women, there will always still be that tension," Natiello says, referencing the historically masculine culture of STEM fields.
Melissa Harris (also a pseudonym), an informatics major and 2016 UW grad says that while she never felt alienated in her major as a whole, there were times when she felt the power of gender biases: "I did feel like in smaller groups you could get the feeling that you weren't quite as adequate as other students just by nature of comparison," she explains.
Harris describes an instance where she felt that she was stereotyped by a male classmate: "Most [informatics] students take either the design route or the developer route," she explains. Female students are often assumed to be more interested in design than development.
"I was sitting next to a male student in class one day and I asked him what he was working on. He told me, 'Oh, this is my cybersecurity homework, stuff you wouldn't be interested in,'" Harris remembers. "I asked myself, why wouldn't I be interested in that? So I asked him the same question." Harris recalls the visible embarrassment on her classmate's face when he realized what he had said.
UW's Lazowska acknowledges that there is always more to be done. "We need to continue to make the [CSE] program more attractive to young women," he says. "We need to help kids understand that coding is something they can do that's also fun and relatable."
And until that's happening at every university, highly technical fields will, by and large, continue to drive women away.
Correction: This story originally stated that Michael J. Quinn said the primary challenge in recruiting female students to SU's College of Science and Engineering was "getting the word out that they won't feel completely alienated there." That was not accurate.
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Michelle Ranken is a freelance writer and Seattle native. She has a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Washington, and has written on numerous political topics. She runs a personal blog and has written for several other websites.