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Some Politics of Some Novels
Posted by Kindred Winecoff at 7:06 AM . Sunday, May 1, 2011
Labels: Miscellany, Political Theory
Awhile back a reader asked Tyler Cowen what was the prototypical left-wing novel, using these criteria:
A conservative friend and I recently discussed Atlas Shrugged, which he said was the ultimate right-wing novel. He challenged me to point him towards a left-wing novel that does for that side of politics what Rand does for the right. I think the book needs to do two things: justify the welfare state and argue the limitations of the invisible hand.
Leave aside for now the definition that a "left-wing" novel is defined as a "Third way" technocratic-utilitarian vision of society, where markets are good but externalities are real, and folks shouldn't be left to die in the street. The rules are: be like Atlas Shrugged in importance/influence, defend the welfare state (on what grounds?), question the invisible hand. That's a pretty strange set, and under most common utilitarian(ish) ethical paradigms including nearly any non-Objectivist Western ethical system, Atlas Shrugged is actually a pretty good example. The book is a nightmare; the Rorschach test is which nightmare you see. Rand imagined a dystopia where the weak and stupid push the strong and innovative out of society through confiscatory politics, leading to societal sclerosis and collapse. Others see a nightmare where less-talented people are dehumanized, where no conception of power or social structure is considered in the terms of production, and where there is no sense that markets require mass coordination among mass publics -- not just a cabal of smart people -- in order to produce the economies of scale that generate wealth. In other words, it comes down to how you view this statement from a young Alan Greenspan, responding to a negative review of Atlas Shrugged in the NYT Book Review: "Parasites who persistently avoid either purpose or reason perish as they should". If you're comfortable calling masses of humans that make up the market for Atlas' innovations "parasites", and if you're comfortable damning them to non-existence, then that puts you on one side*. It's a glorification of the politics that Thucydides decried: the strong do what they can, the weak suffer what they must. It is, in other words, an autocracy of the exceptional.
If you're not on that side, then you might conclude that society, including the capitalists, benefits from some form of a welfare state. Maybe also that the "invisible hand" (which makes no appearance in Atlas Shrugged) trembles a bit. If you're to the left of the Rand/Greenspan side -- which includes everyone this side of Hayek, inclusive, as well as later-period Greenspan -- then the nightmare of Atlas Shrugged is actually a very strong argument in favor of embedding markets within systems of governance, including a robust social safety net. In other words, Atlas Shrugged is not a conservative book at all, and Rand would have recoiled from the notion that it was. (The original questioner puts two signifiers in the first sentence quoted above: "conservative" and "right-wing". The two are not always analogous. This is one of those times.) In fact, there isn't much about Atlas Shrugged that is especially pro-market, in the Smith-Ricardo-Hayek sense. Dagny Taggart might have run her railway company, but she didn't single-handedly build the lines. Rearden may have invented a stronger steel, but he couldn't mass-produce it on his own. Atlas Shrugged is not a paean to markets; it's a paean to innovators. What it misses is that innovators need markets just as markets need innovators.
In some ways, Atlas Shrugged is the flip side of the Marxist coin: similar general theory of production, different normative implication. So I think the question is crap.
Nevertheless I won't want to evade it, but I am going to keep circling for a bit. Andrew Gelman says the answer to the original question is 1984, and I can see why. There's a certain strand of leftism coursing through that book. But ultimately, fundamentally, it is not an anti-market book, because it has little to say about markets. While the invisible hand of markets is mostly neglected, the visible hand of the state is scorned. What markets do exist -- in prole shops and the black markets -- yield nearly the only pleasures in the book.
Similarly, 1984 does nothing to justify the welfare state and is nearly as derisive towards the "proles" as Randians are of the "parasites". Yes, "if there is hope, it lies in the proles", but the takeaway is that there is no hope. The book is often read as anti-Stalinist, and it is, but remember that the imagined 1984 exists in England, not Russia. The warning is about creeping authoritarianism within social democracies. In that way, it's much closer to Hayek than most people realize. (Orwell reviewed The Road to Serfdom, and found not a little value in it. In fact, in many respects Orwell's vision of the future of social democracy is closely related to Hayek's, as Lord Skidelsky examines here)**. So when Winston doesn't even try to mobilize the proles, instead opting to infiltrate the elite, that should tell you something. The proles are too much distracted by pop songs and bad alcohol and pornography to be of any use. And life on the dole in 1984 isn't exactly portrayed as something to be desired. 1984 is one of the greatest criticisms of government ever written, and not just of the Stalinist kind. The left strands are all Trot-libertarian. Orwell was more Bakunin than Bukharin. While not an anarchist, he was not enamored with the statist "egalitarianism" either. So 1984 does not properly qualify as a left-wing book under the definition given, for similar reasons as those that disqualify Atlas Shrugged as a pro-market, conservative book.
Cowen says the answer is Grapes of Wrath, and immediately concedes that it doesn't answer the question. He also points to this list, most of which is disqualified by the criteria given, before concluding:
I would say that the story per se is usually left-wing, in both good and bad ways. It elevates the seen over the unseen, can easily portray a struggle for justice, focuses on the anecdote, and encourages us to judge social institutions by the intentions of the people who work in them, rather than looking at their deeper and longer-term outcomes. Precisely because the story is itself so left-wing, there won't be a definitive example of the left-wing novel. Story-telling encourages context-dependent thinking, although not necessarily in an accurate manner. One notable feature of Atlas Shrugged is how frequently the story-telling stops for a long speech or an extended dialogue, in order to explain some first principles to the reader.
Is the story per se left-wing? For that matter, is a "struggle for justice" left-wing? I hope and think that both answers must be "no", and not because I have any allergy to the descriptor. (These days, given all the essential and hard-won principles that yer archetypical "conservative" sneeringly calls "left-wing" -- equal rights under the law for everyone regardless of creed or personal proclivity, the maintenance of habeas corpus, the most basic rights to privacy and other civil liberties, xenophilia -- how could any considerate person not consider themselves some form of leftist? If those are wrong, then I don't want to be right. Wing, that is.) Many stories do look at the "deeper and longer-term outcomes", and I know Cowen knows this.
There's a bit of bias in Cowen's sentiment, but I see what he's driving at. I'd put it this way: the point of the welfare state is to eliminate the harsh drama that populates good fiction. So a left-wing counterpoint to Atlas Shrugged must either make the negative case against the lack of a welfare state (or equality, or democracy, or etc.) and need for a regulatory structure, or must be focused on other issues, with the social safety net just kind of sitting in the background. For the former, there's plenty of good stuff, from the Grapes of Wrath to Urban Jungle to etc. For the latter there is too, it's just not in the foreground. Almost any "urban" novel includes elements of this, as well as most stories set in educational environments, those including policemen as protagonists, etc. For certain types of "left-wing" you could choose several Vonnegut books. Why not Mark Twain? It would be hard to confuse him as unaware of deep, long-term outcomes of social policy. "The Importance of Being Earnest" is not a novel, but it is a story, and it is anti-conservative. Depending on how you define your terms, the New Testament might qualify.
Or I could just go with Gore Vidal's biographical novels of the United States***.
*And, as a friend commented on Twitter, everyone who proclaims to be on that side imagines themselves mini-Galts. A very un-Randian idea. E.g.: the producer/writer of the failed Atlas Shrugged film has blamed critics for its lack of success, and like Galt has declared himself "on strike". Which means that he won't make parts two and three. In response to the news, society shrugged. But why should a mini-Galt expect the masses to buy in?
**Skidelsky, of course, is Keynes' best biographer. In that capacity he notes that Keynes was also a Hayekian in some important respects. He wrote to Hayek in a letter, responding to The Road to Serfdom, "Morally and philosophically I find myself in agreement with virtually the whole of it; and not only in agreement, but in a deeply moved agreement." (Quote from same link as above.) The question for Keynes was about where to draw the line. Hayek admitted there must be one, but couldn't say where it should go, which point was the one that tipped over into serfdom. Nevertheless, for this abandonment of purity, Rand called him (Hayek) a "compromiser".
***But I haven't read those.
LFC said...
If one tosses out the original stupid criteria (justify the welfare state and expose the limits of the invisible hand), there are probably quite a few good left-wing novels (or novels with a leftist sensibility). Exs.: Andre Gide (one of whose novels I read many years ago and frankly don't remember v. well); Ignazio Silone (whom I've never read); Zola's 'Germinal', which is on that Josh Leach list and deserves its status as a classic, although the conditions in the French coal mining industry that it describes had improved by the time it was published.
If I were seriously interested in going into this question, one of my first stops would probably be Irving Howe's old-but-doubtless-still-good 'Politics and the Novel'.
P.s. Can't resist mentioning two of Iris Murdoch's novels; though neither quite fits the left-wing bill, they definitely have political content, are certainly not 'right-wing,' and are fun reads (though she's not everyone's cup of tea): 'An Accidental Man' and 'The Book and the Brotherhood'.
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Ramanathan Krishnan (Chennai, 11 april 1937) is een voormalig tennisser uit India. In 1954 werd hij op zeventienjarige leeftijd op Wimbledon juniorkampioen.

In 1961 won Krishnan het Dutch Open op 't Melkhuisje. Hij werd tevens acht jaar achter elkaar nationaal kampioen van India.

Zijn zoon Ramesh speelde ook internationaal tennis, en won de juniorentitel op Wimbledon 1979.

Wimbledon
In 1960 bereikte Krishnan de halve finale op Wimbledon, maar verloor van Neale Fraser. In 1961 bereikte hij nogmaals de halve finale, en verloor van Rod Laver. Beide tegenstanders werden kampioen.

In het dubbelspel bereikte hij op Wimbledon zesmaal de kwartfinale.

In het gemengd dubbelspel bereikte hij op Wimbledon twee keer de vierde ronde, eenmaal in 1957 met de Amerikaanse Betty Rosenquest-Pratt en andermaal in 1967 met Française Maylis Burel.

Davis Cup
In de periode 1953–1975 speelde Krishnan voor India geregeld in de Davis Cup. In totaal won hij 69 partijen van de 97.

In 1966 bracht hij India in de wereldgroepfinale. In de daaraan voorafgaande interzonale finale tegen Brazilië bracht hij drie punten binnen door twee enkelspelpartijen te winnen en één dubbelspelpartij. India won met 3–2 en de tegenstander in de wereldgroepfinale werd titelverdediger Australië – van hen verloren zij met 4–1. Krishnan sleepte in het dubbelspel het enige winstpunt binnen, maar verloor beide enkelspelpartijen.

Resultaten grandslamtoernooien

Enkelspel

Mannendubbelspel

Gemengd dubbelspel

Externe links

Indiaas tennisser

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Baker Mayfield's Career Day Brought the Browns to New Heights
Cleveland brought down a tough Titans team on Sunday to secure a winning record on the season and inch one step closer to the playoffs
By Kaelen Jones Dec 6, 2020, 6:43pm EST
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Everything You Need to Know About Week 13 of the 2020 NFL Season
On Sunday, the Browns outlasted the Titans 41-35 behind a 38-point first half and a career day from quarterback Baker Mayfield. The win gave Cleveland a 9-3 record for the first time since 1994 and inched the team closer to breaking a 17-year playoff drought. (The Bills are the only team with as long a postseason drought this century.) The showing was monumental for a franchise that's been mired in bad luck for the past two decades, and it instilled confidence in a quarterback who earlier this year looked to be a massive question mark.
It's been an uneven season for Mayfield, the former no. 1 overall pick, but he feasted on the Titans secondary. According to ESPN's Bill Barnwell, Tennessee entered Sunday ranked 31st in opposing passer QBR off play-action, and Browns head coach Kevin Stefanski seemed to get the memo (although he's never shied from incorporating play-action). Cleveland hit Tennessee's defense, which came in ranked 28th in DVOA, right where it hurt, and did so often. Before the contest, Titans cornerback Malcolm Butler spoke glowingly of the Browns' star running backs Nick Chubb and Kareem Hunt, who've largely powered Cleveland's offensive success this season. But Sunday, Tennessee didn't have any answer for Mayfield and the Browns' passing game.
Mayfield went 20-for-25 with 290 yards and four touchdowns in the first half alone. Cleveland's offensive line dominated a Tennessee pass rush that came in 31st in pressure rate, allowing only one pressure on Mayfield's 25 first-half attempts. That protection gave Mayfield time to set up explosive plays, like his 75-yard touchdown pass to rookie receiver Donovan Peoples-Jones.
Baker Mayfield is cookin' this afternoon!!
(via @Browns)pic.twitter.com/2xR1v0Jvp2
— #RingerNFL (@ringernfl) December 6, 2020
Watching the Browns pass the ball all over the field against the Titans wasn't what many expected. As Butler's comments from last week indicated, most anticipated a meeting of classic ground-and-pound rushing attacks. But Chubb (18 carries, 80 yards, and one touchdown) and Hunt (14 carries and 33 yards) had muted impacts, and the Browns didn't rely on them until the second half, when Cleveland carried a 31-point advantage. After the game, ESPN's Dianna Russini asked receiver Jarvis Landry if Cleveland's offensive identity is its run game. "No, we do anything we can to win," Landry responded, "and we proved that today."
Cleveland coasted to a victory, almost to a fault. The Browns let up in the second half, and the Titans outscored them 28-3 to pull within one score with 28 seconds left. But the Browns did enough to win and bolster their strong postseason positioning; they entered the week with a 68.3 percent of making the playoffs, according to Football Outsiders, and that's bound to go up following this win.
After the game, Stefanski was asked whether he'd considered how much a postseason berth would mean to the Browns fan base. "We feel the support in the community," he said. "I see the flags flying all over. We're hoping that we're putting a team out there that they can be proud of."
Somehow, Some Way, the Jets' Tank Is Still Alive
There's fair reason to be skeptical about whether the Browns are legitimate contenders. Entering Sunday, Cleveland's offense ranked 16th in offensive DVOA and 19th in defensive DVOA. The Browns' record against teams with winning records (Ravens, Colts, Steelers, and Raiders) was 1-3, and they were blown out by both the Ravens and Steelers earlier this year. But Cleveland has shown that it can play winning football, both as a run-oriented team and now as a pass-oriented team. For two years, it's been clear that the franchise will go only as far as Mayfield's arm can push them. And while Mayfield had been middling in the past four weeks—completing only 57.3 percent of his passes for 716 yards (7.5 yards per attempt), two touchdowns, and one turnover—he performed at a high level on Sunday. Mayfield's 334 passing yards rank as the fifth most he's thrown in a single game, and his performance came on a day when the Browns defense shut down one of the NFL's most efficient offenses. That made it one of Cleveland's best showings of the year—at least through the first half.
"I know we didn't finish the way we wanted to, by any means," Mayfield said, "but in the first half, that was the most complete game—complete half that we've played all year."
There's no understating how big a deal this is for the Browns, regardless of whether it's fool's gold or not. The Titans have obvious flaws that Stefanski and Co. did an exceptional job at exploiting. But Tennessee's recent performances suggested that Mike Vrabel's team could be rounding into the same form that carried it into last season's AFC championship game—and the Browns completely dominated them. This was a statement game in which Cleveland proved it is worthy of being a playoff team.
The Browns don't have an easy road ahead. They have to face the Ravens, who are behind Cleveland in the AFC North standings, next week, and they end the season against the Steelers. But regardless of how those games go, the Browns have put themselves in position to get back to the postseason. And for an organization that's been a laughingstock for years, that's all that matters right now.
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Netflix's New Movie Is the Key to Decoding Sean Payton's Future
Sean Payton's Retirement and Championship Weekend With Mark Ingram
Previewing the Championship Round

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Chakra Alegria is located roughly half way between the Peruvian towns of Iquitos and Nauta. It is smack in the middle of the Peruvian Amazon, in an area not accessible by road (Iquitos is a town you need to fly into, or arrive by boat. There is no road connection to the outside world). Spread across 81 acres (33 hectares) of virgin Amazonian rainforest, the Healing Centre is, on all sides, surrounded by the towering canopy of the largest rainforest in the world. There are no clearings at the centre ? all the structures and pathways are surrounded by the jungle ? this is because Omar (the owner and operator of the Healing Centre) made a promise not to cut down any trees when he was purchased the land. You do not feel like a visitor to the forest, you fall into the jungle and become a part of it (this becomes very apparent after the first ceremony). You live, breathe, drink and eat the jungle. You bathe and wash your clothes in the jungle streams.
Accommodation is provided in private or shared tambos ? these are raised wooden structures, open on all sides (though protected by mosquito netting), and covered by a round sloped roof. We were lucky to receive a two-story tambo (with a metal, not thatched roof ? this made for very loud night during the frequent downpours), with two hammocks filling the bottom, and the two beds and living area on the top. The beds were large, comfortable, and featured additional mosquito netting, which was not necessary during my stay as the mosquitoes were few and far in between.
Each tambo carried a separate outside composting toilet, where instead of flushing you throw three cupfuls of wood chips down the chute. The toilets are surrounding by mosquito netting, have a sturdy roof, and provide a million dollar view out towards the Amazon. Each tambo also has its own private ??bucket shower?? area ? this consisting of two benches across a nearby stream, and a bucket on a stick. Fish, lizards, frogs and crabs made the river and its banks home, and giant Amazonian snails would float by. We were asked to bring natural soap, shampoo, sunscreen etc as so that we wouldn?t be putting chemicals into the stream and thus into the Healing Centre. Laundry was also done in the bucket, using the natural soap, and dried outside, greedily hugging the sparse and fleeting sunlight that filtered through the overgrowth.
Pedro, the Shaman, is an incredible soul. He conducts the Ceremonies together with Omar and Sheila (who sing incredible Icaros which she learned after having lived with the Shipibo people). As for the actual Ayahuasca ceremony, I can say that this was by far the most incredible,uplifting and life changing experience of my life.
This centre is top notch, with only 7-8 people attending the ceremonies, unlike other centres where the number can be 20-30 people. You get the experience of the Ayahuasca and an incredible jungle vacation, which is worth the price of the ticket by itself.


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Attorneys >>
Tractor-Trailer Accidents
Dram Shop Laws
By: Ted Kaplun Feb 9, 2016
Buffalo Bills' Shady McCoy Facing Criminal Charges in Brawl with Cops
Buffalo Bills running back LeSean 'Shady' McCoy is expected to face criminal charges in brawl at the Philadelphia nightclub, Recess, early Sunday morning. Details of the incident are still emerging, but it appears that a group of off-duty police officers purchased several bottles of champagne and one of McCoy's group of friends grabbed a bottle.
As a result, an argument started and a police officer was punched and thrown to the ground. Police reports indicate that while on the ground the police officer was "punched, kicked, and stomped" on both his head and body by a group of four suspects, including LeSean McCoy. A second off-duty officer and a group of bodyguards joined the fray and all involved were ejected from the club.
Two off-duty police officers received treatment at the hospital for injuries ranging from a broken rib, possible skull fracture, lacerations, and a sprained thumb.
Surveillance cameras inside the bar were "not working", but a video of the fight has emerged. It shows the running back McCoy brawling with a group of men. Both police and the NFL are investigating the incident.
Rumors are swirling that arrest warrants are imminent in the case. Based on Pennsylvania law, it seems those involved will likely be charged with aggravated assault. Police officers in Pennsylvania fall into a protected class, and any attempt to cause bodily injury is a felonious aggravated assault offense. Aggravated assault that does not result in serious harm is punishable with up to 10 years in prison and a fine as high as $25,000. Serious bodily harm moves the punishment to as long as 20 years in prison.
McCoy, through his criminal defense lawyer, will likely have the option of filing application for the ARD program. The ARD program is short for Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition, which is a first time offenders program, generally for defendant's charged with relatively minor crimes. There in-lies the problem for "Shady", Agg. Assault is a felony charge, which are more serious criminal offenses. It has been our experience with these type charges, that it is tough, but doable to get a defendant into the ARD program, even with such a serious charge. Getting a client into the ARD program often times takes skill and finesse, it is where the criminal defense lawyer makes his bones.
The Philadelphia District Attorney's Office will review the application and make determination if someone is eligible to participate in the program. If accepted into ARD, Shady would agree to a probationary sentence, often times with conditions such as restitution to the victim (i.e. medical bills for the officers), rehabilitative classes (i.e. anger management) and community service. If you complete the ARD requirements you may be eligible to have your record expunged.
Aside from the criminal charges facing McCoy, the NFL may impose separate penalties according to their collective bargaining agreement – which can be harsh, just ask Ray Rice. Needless to say, this was not a good look for McCoy, who is coming off being traded by the Philadelphia Eagles to the Buffalo Bills, a sub-par injury plagued season, and countless other off the field incidents.
An arrest warrant for McCoy is reported to be imminent, criminal charges in brawl remain to be seen, but it LeSean McCoy looks to be facing a clash in the courtroom soon. A word of advice Shady – lawyer-up and quick!
By: Ted Kaplun
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Keys to Winning Limited Tort Cases in Pennsylvania
Should I Hire A Car Accident Lawyer To Help Me Obtain Compensation?
Can You Sue Uber and Lyft for Accidents?


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The Bingham-Waggoner Estate, sitting on over 19 acres near the Independence Square is truly a one-of-a-kind gem in Independence, Missouri. Near the Truman Presidential Library, Harry and Bess Truman's home, the 1859 Jail & Marshall's home, the National Frontier Museum, the Chicago & Alton Depot and the Vaile Mansion, the Bingham-Waggoner Estate offers its own special look into an earlier era. This well preserved Estate, with more than 90% original furnishings, carpets and paintings, provides insights into the lifestyle of the 19th century wealthy residents.


Women have always been amazed and inspired by good colors and designs of clothes. It is the primary luxury on which they spend their pockets. They can never get fond off clothes but always look for more, better and updated ones. Trends keep changing and so does the need for trendy clothes too. The market has many brands available to cater such customers. Some are new some are old while all are contributing effectively and efficiently to the market.
It is a premium brand which basically aims to cater the upper segment of the urban society. They have lavish cuts and colors which are sold under expensive price tags. They cater all ranges from formals to semi formals to casual. Usually have good variety available but give a heavy hit on the pocket. Yet, youngster's favorite stop to shop it is.
This brand has recently gained popularity throughout the nation. It is remarked and known by its unique floral designs accompanied with geometrical prints. This brand basically plays symmetry games on its prints under light and pastel colors. It is the hot favorite cookie of trend lovers these days. It gained popularity after its flat 50% sales that were held late last year and early this year. The response of the sale was phenomenal resulting in empty shelves and fighting ladies. After which the brand came under lime light.
The brand whose name speaks its popularity. It is the most shopped clothing brand according to a recent survey. It has different segments serving all the niches from kids to men to ladies formal, semi-formal and casual. The brand also deals in accessories. Khaadi aims to cater every class of the society and thus they keep clothes for every range. Its extensive designs and rich color combinations have appealed ladies since a long while and might continue if they don't decline their quality.
It is a female brand taken out by outfitters. It caters eastern clothing for women compared to outfitters which has western variety. It has started gaining popularity since some time because its strategy is to play with price. The brand provides good stuff for reasonable prices.
This is a brand which can be termed as a FAD. It raised like a shooting star dealing only in semi-formal ladies range within a reasonable price range. Within months it became the talk of the town because of its designs and colors. It was approachable and appealing for every segment of the society but recently customers have been witnessed extremely disheartens and dissatisfied with the brand. The brand has moved on to the expansion policy however fails to satisfy the old customers by mostly repeating old clothes on the shelves.
These are some of the brands who are not the best but for some reason have been prevalent in the customers. It should be very clear that there is no monopoly. With such variety of brands existing in the market extreme competition exists which can be only catered through hard work. Else the replacements are already available.


FIND YOUR Button Down Jersey.
Mvhigh helps you compare the price of any product across leading online stores like Walmart, Ebay, Amazon, and many more. With Mvhigh you'll easily find the least price of Button Down Jersey across leading shopping sites without wasting too much of your effort thus making your shopping decision smarter and simpler.
I had to print on baseball jerseys with buttons on front for a little league team. I show the experience I had along with some tips and problem solving.
Learn how to apply a screen printed transfer over a split front baseball jersey. Use your heat press to easily create a durable design just by cutting the transfer paper.


Mr. Beering is an internationally recognized expert in emergency preparedness, planning, response, counter terrorism, arson, and bombings. His professional focus is on preparedness and response to difficult problems. He delivers strategic risk management, threat assessment, emergency response planning, crisis communications, and training services.
Involved in antiterrorism efforts for almost two decades, Mr. Beering has served on numerous panels advising government including the Executive Session on Domestic Preparedness, a joint initiative of Harvard University and the United States Department of Justice. This appointment placed him among the twenty leading experts on terrorism in the United States who studied the topic and published various policy recommendations to industry, government, and the public. Mr. Beering is the lead author of, "Winning Plays: Essential Guidance From the Terrorism Line of Scrimmage" which was publicly released March 11, 2002 by the Executive Session. Used extensively by the Department of Homeland Security, "Winning Plays" has been entered into the Congressional Record three times since its release. Beering also wrote a chapter on Infrastructure Vulnerability in First To Arrive: The State and Local Response To Terrorism published by MIT Press November 2003.
Mr. Beering is one of ten experts selected by the Department of Defense who trained mayors and senior officials throughout the United States in terrorism preparation and response on behalf of the Department of Defense. Mr. Beering has designed and conducted training exercises across the United States for organizations ranging from the Washington DC Metropolitan Police Department, The District of Columbia Department of Health, Indianapolis police, fire, medical , communications, public health and hospital systems, and human service agencies, and the senior staffs of some of the country's largest cities. Numerous utilities, private companies and organizations, including the NCAA, NBA, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the International Council of Shopping Centers, the Self Storage Association, the Abu Dhabi Water and Electric Authority, and a number of sensitive facilities that cannot be identified, have retained Mr. Beering to assist with their strategic risk management, planning, and response.
The author of the Indiana Omnibus Anti-terrorism Act of 2000 (enacted before the September 11 attacks), Mr. Beering has testified before the Indiana General Assembly and before the United States Congress. He was a member of the Editorial Board of Homeland First Response, and serves as a member of the George Washington University Homeland Security Policy Institute. A faculty member for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives National Academy, he is the primary author of the world's only advanced fire investigation course. Mr. Beering has delivered keynote and seminar presentations in 45 States, Australia, Canada, Belgium and Samoa. He taught Criminal Law, Evidence Law, Terrorism Strategy and Response Policy and Crisis Leadership at Indiana University, and teaches Legal Issues in Emergency Response at George Washington University where he is an adjunct Assistant Professor in the School of Medicine.
Prior to September 11, 2001, Mr. Beering was featured in a number of publications and programs and was among those warning of impending terror attacks. Mr. Beering has been interviewed more than 250 times since the September 11, 2001, attacks by a wide variety of media including ABC, NBC, CNN, NPR, the Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, the Washington Post, the LA Times, AP, Reuters, Bloomberg News, and foreign media including the BBC and German Public Radio. He appeared on ABC World News Tonight to discuss security of the nation's water supply shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
Mr. Beering continued his government service as the Indianapolis Terrorism Preparedness Coordinator until 2011, where he advised various parties concerning strategic preparedness planning and the Indianapolis regional participation in the Urban Area Security Initiative. Mr. Beering is the former General Counsel and Deputy Director of the Indianapolis Department of Public Safety, where he was a senior executive charged with oversight of the Indianapolis Police and Fire Departments, the Emergency Management Planning Division, the Animal Control Division, and the Division of Weights and Measures, which comprise 58% of city employees and which has an annual operating budget of $200,000,000. Mr. Beering also served as the Director of Emergency Management for Indianapolis. In that capacity he oversaw dramatic changes in emergency response and planning for special events including the Indianapolis 500, Brickyard 400, NCAA Final Four, and for natural and man-made disasters. Mr. Beering wrote and published the nation's first checklist-based metropolitan emergency plan. Mr. Beering oversaw emergency planning for the racing events at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for twenty years and conducted the only two comprehensive evacuations in the 100 year history of the facility. He has also advised NASCAR, Formula One, the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) concerning terrorism and emergency preparedness.
Mr. Beering's law enforcement experience included over fifteen years with the Indianapolis/Marion County Prosecutor's Office as a Special Prosecuting Attorney for Arson and Bombings. As the first full- time Chief Arson Prosecutor, his average conviction rate was 85%, one of the highest in the country. Mr. Beering was an Officer, Investigator, and Emergency Medical Technician with the Washington Township Fire Department in Indianapolis for twenty years. He is a Master Fire fighter, a Certified Fire Investigator, and was the only Arson Prosecutor in the United States who is also a Certified Fire Investigator. Mr. Beering has published extensively in trade publications and his comprehensive guidebook for the prosecution of arson Verdict: Guilty of Burning has been distributed world-wide.
As an attorney, Mr. Beering represents several major utilities including Indianapolis Water and Indianapolis Power and Light. A specialist in easements, he has prepared, negotiated, and secured over 3500 utility easements. He also prepares and negotiates purchase agreements, windmill, solar site, cellular tower agreements, and plant site agreements. He was Deputy General Counsel for the Indianapolis Water Company, one the largest private water utilities in the United States, prior to its sale in 2002. Mr. Beering oversaw property rights acquisition, casualty litigation, corporate compliance, public and media affairs and, security and emergency preparedness for the company. Mr. Beering is the former National Director of Security Initiatives for Veolia Water North America (Formerly USFilter), one of the nation's largest water and wastewater management companies. In that capacity he oversaw security and vulnerability assessment and emergency planning efforts for the company and various clients throughout North America and Europe.


text:
The Beginning of the End of Corporate Fascism in America
WHEN HISTORIANS REVIEW THE EARLY 21st Century, the will note that a seismic shift occurred in which the People of the United State of America stood up, all at once it seemed, in August 2018, and began tearing apart a decades-old system of corruption. "Corporate fascism" is a difficult concept for some to wrap their heads around, given the classic definitions of Fascism specifically being (courtesy Merriam-Webster:)
a political philosophy, movement, or regime (such as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.
Corporate fascism is best defined, courtesy yours truly, as
an economic and political movement that exalts profit and the corporation above the people of any nation and that typically uses corruption, regulatory capture, entanglements, incentives and intimidation of elected officials and officers in regulatory agencies combined with restriction of basic human rights of freedom of speech, knowledge of risk, informed consent, and freedom of choice to drive a pro-corporate propaganda to deceive a population or populations into having confidence in harmful or unnecessary products, devices, or services with no regard for the effects of their products on human health.
The man they will write about is Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.
It was Kennedy, they will write, who, along with legendary pro-informed choice advocate Del Bigtree who revealed the stunning truth that counter to a 1986 mandate from Congress, not a single report on progress toward making vaccines safer and identifying susceptible subgroups has been sent, as required by law, to Congress by The US Department of Health and Human Services.
It was Kennedy, they will write, who, less than a week later, won a landmark lawsuit against Monsanto (Bayer), in which a jury found that EPA colluded with Monsanto to hide the fact that an ingredient (Glyphosate) in the widely used pesticide, RoundUp, was a carcinogen.
If the rest of 2018 continues this way, they will no doubt say that it was Kennedy, who, with a team of parents, scientists, freed the world of the practice of injecting mercury into pregnant women and infants (and anyone else).
When Mr. Kennedy sent our group this photo, the faces beamed "this is HISTORY in the making" to me – watershed moments in the dissembling of the practice of the use of Tobacco science to keep harmful products on the market for as long as possible; a ban on corporate donors to politicians if they have been caught defrauding the public in the previous five years; and end to the revolving door between regulatory agencies and corporations.
Because, while historians will certainly remember Kennedy, they will also remember the hundreds of thousands of mothers who stayed in the fight, kept learning, kept informing, until the tools of ridicule and shame and derision were rendered moot and the many layers of control were cast off.
Historians will use the phrase "Regulatory Recapture" when the qualifications for being appointed to office in Regulatory Agencies include no association with corporations for which the agency might render a decision. They will describe the end of Corporate Fascism as involving an emergence of a new preferred candidate – one that refuses donations from Corporations – one with a child injured or killed by their products. The moms (and dads) who have mastered the truth of the sorry state of vaccine safety science…the one who know who William Thompson is…
Historians should also remember that it was Brian Hooker who helped free to truth from captivity, and mild-mannered, soft-spoken dad who only wanted the government to make good on their required actions of transparency.
Show us the data, Brian Hooker said. For TEN YEARS. They will remember William Posey entering what Brian found into the Congressional Record.
They will also mention the documentary Vaxxed, which swept the nation the year before, in spite of a near 100% media black-out, and engaged parents into activism against vaccine risk.
And they certainly must remember Dr. Stephanie Seneff, who popularized the realities about risks of Glyphosate.
And, finally, if you do YOUR part, they will write how millions of parents and citizen demanded #CESSATION of the use of Glyphosate in schools, on city properties, in parks…. that 2018 was the year citizen rose up and threw a toxin off the planet with laws banning its use and manufacture.
Perhaps they will note a downswing in autism diagnoses, since, after all, autism is an acquired cellular detoxification deficiency syndrome.
Yes, 2018 is a banner year for the People, and bad year for Corporate Fascists.
And if you are on the team fighting for #InformedConsent and #MedicalFreedom, you are part of the recent and coming victories. Your name will be remembered, I'll help see to that. Two people to watch for #BigGoodNews soon are #BernadettePajer #JoshMazer, both affiliated with IPAK.
ICANDECIDE.org
The Pharma Bulls are Loose, and it's the End of Democracy in America
Previous Post: Why Do Scientists and Physicians Lose Objectivity When It Comes to Vaccines?
Next Post: Why Popper Was Right About Induction – And Why It Will Always Matter
Dr. Attitude says:
James. Great read, I so agree. Long live RFK! The winds are changing. I will print out your article and stick it on my fridge to read every morning. Better than coffee!! Kind regards, Anke
Anke Zimmermann, ND, FCAH 6550 Throup Road Sooke, BC, V9Z 0W6 778-352-0806 http://www.drzimmermann.org
Gary Ogden says:
Thanks for this uplifting post. We, and people around the world, are not going to take it any more. Our criminal government must be held to account.
Calilo says:
Reblogged this on Babble On… and commented:
Probably some shredding parties going on in corporations across the globe…. you can run, you can shred, but WE KNOW and the WORLD WILL KNOW the corruption which places profits over people.
william tan dy says:
Thanks for bringing out the truth. God bless you.
Leave a Reply to william tan dy	Cancel reply


Project #1: Create a Classroom Mosaic Quilt as a Group or Class PBL - based on a particular theme (which can be set as a class or as groups of 4), where each class member contributes a finished mosaic. All the mosaics are joined together by tape (on the back) to make a complete quilt that can go on display!
Is the group members contributing to one picture or are they making individual mosaics that can be joined together based on a theme?
Is the final group/class design in the shape of a rectangle, square or a more creative and unique shape?
Project #2: Commissioned Mosaic PBL - students form groups of 3-4 and decide on a target audience (such as the librarian, principal, computer lab, etc.) within the school. They come up with a unique and targeted design for that audience and approach them to see if they would like to "commission" a mosaic. As part of the "commissioned" experience, the group and the target audience will share ideas and come up with a more specific design. The group will take those ideas and through continued back and forth dialogue with target audience finalize the agreed design for the mosaic. The group will them create the mosaic and then present it to the target audience for display.
PDF: Mosaic Tile Art Grid (for mosaic project) - print pdf in original size, no "page scaling" - you may want to use cardstock paper instead for durability. Also, you can join mosaic tile grids for the Commissioned Mosaic (a larger layout).
INTERACTIVE PRACTICE: Create Your Own Pixel Art - as a planning activity for your individual mosaic quilt, design your mosaic art pattern using pixels. Make a frame that is 20 pixels by 20 pixels (to match the relative size of this mosaic quilt project). Practice making your own design inside that box, as practice for the project above you will be making. Below are two quick samples of pixel art I quickly made on this site. Click on it to see about what it would look like if done close to the size of the mosaic art.


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HomeBooksThree species that changed our world: Part I (Dogs)
Three species that changed our world: Part I (Dogs)
By Joseph D. Thompson
After years of work in the lab, in the field, and on our televisions, noted academic, writer, and broadcaster Alice Roberts has introduced the world to many topics.
Now, as part of Oxford University's online student gateway webinar series, Roberts has explained how Stone Age hunters domesticated dogs and cattle, how Bronze Age nomads domesticated horses, and how teaming up with these other species helped our ancestors to survive and thrive.
She showed how archaeology and history mesh with genetics to allow us to explore Neolithic life and its legacy.
Roberts is interested in the intersection between biology, archaeology, and history, and the interaction between humans and the environment through time. She has presented more than 100 television programs, on subjects that include biology, archaeology, and history.
Her book, Tamed: Ten species that changed our world, served as inspiration for this talk. In Parts II and III, we will reveal Robert's deep dive into the domestication of cows and horses.
When our ancestors tamed animals
For hundreds of thousands of years, our ancestors depended on wild plants and animals. They were hunter-gatherers–consummate survival experts. Then a revolution happened: Our ancestors' relationship with other species changed as they began to tame them. The result was a boom in human population.
If you ask most people, the most important revolution that humanity has undergone is the Industrial Revolution. However, according to Roberts, an earlier revolution is more crucial to our evolution.
"For hundreds of thousands of years our ancestors lived in a world where they depended on wild plants and animals. They were hunter-gatherers. They were consummate survival experts [and] they took the world as they found it. Then everything changed," explained Roberts.
The story of human history itself is contingent on what happened next; how humans found allies to accompany us on our evolutionary journey. The fact that dogs, cattle, and horses became part of our extended family changed our history.
Dogs: Our first ally
Even before agriculture began to take root in the Neolithic Age, humans already had made our first ally from among the animal kingdom. Dogs.
"Our modern dogs have all come from European grey wolves. The Jack Russell shares over 99.5 per cent of its genetic sequence with European grey wolves. Darwin was fascinated by dogs and when he wrote On the Origin of Species. He actually opens his book by discussing what he calls artificial selection. In other words, the ability of humans to shape other species by selective breeding," said Roberts.
Today, after centuries of selective breeding, we have a variety of dogs. But how did wolves first come to our side?
According to Roberts, archaeologists have, in the past, suggested that this domestication was somehow linked to the beginning of farming when people began living in villages and settlements for the first time.
The theory is that middens on the edges of these villages would tempt wolves from the vicinity to approach the settlement. It is logical that, as those wolves became comfortable approaching the human settlement, they eventually would become domesticated. Roberts, however, disagrees.
"The earliest evidence that we have of farming goes back to about 11,000 years ago, and it starts in the Middle East, and also in the Far East as well," she said. "Dog bones have been found at much, much older archaeological sites. There's plenty of evidence of dog bones from archaeological sites going back to 14,000 years ago."
It's important to note that, according to Roberts, these bones clearly are dog bones and not wolf bones. They also turn up at archaeological sites in Europe, Asia, and North America.
She does admit, however, that the further you go back in time, the harder it gets to differentiate between the two sets of bones.
"We don't get sudden jumps in evolution in that way," said Roberts.
It takes a study of the genetics to show the difference.
In 2002 a paper published in the journal Science by a group of Swedish and Chinese geneticists showed the results of DNA samples taken from 654 dogs in Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America over a two-year period.
Peter Savolainen of the Royal Institute of Technology and Zhang Yaping, a researcher with the program at the Kunming Institute of Zoology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, looked at the differences between the DNA of dogs and that of wolves. The finding for the latest timing of the changeover was interesting indeed.
Domesticated dogs found 40,000 years ago
"We think it's about 15,000 years ago, so this [paper] looked great because it married up really nicely with the archaeological record," said Roberts. "In that same paper, those scientists actually said it could be 15,000 years ago, but it could also be 30,000 to 40,000 years ago."
Savolainen and Zhang's team focused on stretches of DNA from the cells' mitochondria, which passes from the mother to its offspring. Based on similarities in that genetic material, 95 per cent of the sampled dogs had come from just three lineages in East Asia.
A second international research team investigated whether dogs in America became domesticated from wolves on that continent or whether the two groups were related.
Researchers at UCLA compared the DNA sequences of New and Old World dogs, including some Latin American and Alaskan dogs that pre-dated European colonization.
This study showed that these DNA sequences indicated that all the dogs share a common ancestor. However, a certain cluster of sequences from ancient Latin-American dogs did not match any modern dogs, indicating that these dogs weren't used to create modern breeds.
"I think the earlier date was viewed with some skepticism," said Roberts.
But at least the geneticists had helped move the needle.
"When they started looking at nuclear DNA, an earlier date started to look more likely," explained Roberts. "The first genome, the first draft genome of the domestic dog, was published in the journal Nature in 2005 and it proved that the dog was most closely related to the European grey wolf."
According to Roberts, these early dates–especially the earliest possible date of 40,000 years ago, pushed the archaeology, paleontology, and paleozoology communities to reexamine existing finds.
"One team went back to look at archival material, items, objects, and skulls that already had been dug up at various archaeological sites and had been sitting on shelves in museums," said Roberts.
They used radiocarbon dating to examine nine canid skulls found at sites in Belgium, Ukraine, and Russia dating between 10,000 and 36,000 years ago. Skull measurements also were taken and compared with a recent sample of more modern dogs and wolves.
"What they found was that in that sample of nine skulls, five of them appeared to be quite comfortably wolf, one was impossible to pin down, and three of them were closer to dog than wolf," she said.
For this sample range of between 10,000 and 36,000 years ago, two of the dog-like skulls were around 10,000 years old, but one was older. The oldest skull in the sample was about 36,000 years old.
Goyet Cave reveals Ice Age treasure
"The Goyet Cave in Belgium is a complete treasure trove of Ice Age artifacts, including all sorts of objects like shell necklaces and a bone harpoon, as well as bones from lots of animals: mammoths, red deer, cave lions, and a large canid that starts to look very much like a dog," said Roberts.
While a single find may be an aberration, the fact that more ancient dog skulls have been found helps make the case for an earlier date. In Razboinichya Cave in the southern Siberian Altai Mountain range, for example, another skull has been found that dates to 33,000 years ago.
According to the researchers, the Razboinichya Cave specimen appeared to be part of wolf domestication that was disrupted by the climatic and cultural changes associated with the last glacial maximum (LGM). When combined with the Goyet skull, found thousands of kilometers away, it suggests that dog domestication also was multiregional.
"You're not going to see that there's a massive change globally overnight in all these different anatomical features," explained Roberts. "You're going to see that they change gradually over time."
Still, with only two examples. It was hard to make a case. Geneticists tended to place the date of domestication in a later period (around 10,000 years ago) and that the dates of 30,000 to 40,000 years ago possibly was a red herring.
DNA sequencing shows ancient dates possible
In June 2015 scientists performed an extraction and DNA sequencing on a rib bone of a 35,000-year-old wolf. When compared to the DNA of a modern wolf, the scientists were able to track the mutation that has occurred in the species over time.
This mutation rate even deviated from the accepted rate … it was slower by about 60 per cent, which made the dog/wolf split genetically possible 30,000 to 40,000 years ago.
Evidence of interbreeding
Another variable that pushed the dog/wolf split back in time was a longer period of interbreeding between the two sets than previously thought.
"We need to completely get away from the idea that once species diverge, that they isolate from each other very quickly," said Roberts. "In fact, what you get is interbreeding carrying on as long as they're still compatible with each other."
What the animal skulls found in Goyet and in Razboinichya show is something unusual. The mitochondrial DNA itself looks unusual, suggesting that it's possible that the Goyet and Razboinichya animals were distinct from both wolves and dogs.
We were left wondering what goyet really was. Is it an early experiment in domestication that led nowhere?
— Alice Roberts
"We are then left wondering what Goyet really was. Is it an early experiment in domestication that led nowhere?" Roberts posited.
A sophisticated 3D analysis of the Goyet skull's shape published in 2015 revealed that it looks more wolf-like than dog-like. So maybe it is just an odd-shaped wolf. The Razboinichya animal, on the other hand, still appears to fit nicely in the dog camp, especially with its mitochondrial DNA, which still is present in today's dogs.
Who trained who?
There is enough evidence that early humans used early dogs, but what was the relationship like?
"It may have started as a very gentle symbiosis," said Roberts, "maybe a kind of loose partnership based on mutual benefit. When we think about the origins of domesticated animals, we often assume that humans are in control and that humans are making choices. But I think it's actually very likely that in this case, it was the wolves that were essentially making the choices."
Roberts doesn't see some kind of canine master plan, just opportunity and time.
"It's just the fact that you've got these two species living alongside each other, and I think there's a grain of truth in that idea that the archaeologists had about wolves being drawn to middens, even though they were discussing it in the context of Neolithic farming settlements," she said. "If you look at nomadic camps, there's plenty of food left around the camp, like discarded carcasses. There is plenty for wolves to eat, and you can just imagine those wolves coming out of the forest in the night to do just that."
It's not a giant leap to get from this informal, side-by-side living arrangement between humans and wolves to one that surpasses simple toleration and becomes encouragement.
"The wolves clearly had something to offer in exchange for food, and I think that something may be quite obvious," said Roberts. "If you team up with another predator, you are going to form a really, really formidable team. So we can imagine these humans with their early dogs being absolutely formidable predators."
But it wasn't just hunting that these wolves-turned-dogs provided to early humans.
"I do think we miss out on something if we just focus on nutrition because there's something that's rarely mentioned in theories of domestication," explained Roberts. "Maybe it seems too frivolous, but it's hard to imagine it didn't play a role, and that is companionship. If you have a dog, or if you've ever had a dog, then you will know about that intense bond and companionship and the fun that comes with having a dog."
We know early humans had to eat. So do we. But they also had to have fun.
They're like us.
"I don't think it's inconceivable that some Ice Age parent would have capitulated to the same kind of pressure. We've spent a long time with dogs. It's a great story," she said.
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text:
Western Edge Press Publishing
Your Leading Edge for
Voices, Ideas, and Stories of the West
Rancho de Valentino
Our hearts sank when we saw the scene:
the fence on our ranchland along the Tecolote River
had not just been cut in one spot. Every one of
the five strands was cut, top to bottom,
between every fencepost
as far as the eye could see.
Thus opens Nancy Marsh Price's story of how she and her husband, Ted, and son, Jay, bought some ranchland near Santa Fe, New Mexico, to use as a getaway from their busy lives in the state's capital. Having arrived in Santa Fe from Michigan in 1970, they quickly embraced their new surroundings, including the much-touted tri-cultural ambience and the exotic Southwestern landscape. Price's story of establishing their rural retreat acquaints us with the rewards and challenges of pursuing a traditional lifestyle in a region whose way of life was beginning to crack under the strain of poverty, a shifting population, and cultural clashes.
More than an account of the Price's quest for a homestead getaway, this charming portrait of life in rural New Mexico details the pleasures and quirks of embracing a new way of life at a time when the state was undergoing profound changes.
by Nancy Marsh Price
120 pages, paper, photographs $19.95
add postage $4 first book, $.50 each additional copy
ISBN ISBN 13: 978-1-889921-55-6
For individual orders and in New Mexico
please order directly from the publisher.
Western Edge Press
126 Candelario St. Santa Fe NM 87501
is an Imprint of:


Anolis sagrei, the Brown or Festive Anole, is rapidly becoming a model system for the study of ecology and evolution, having been the focus of important work from behavior to ecology to evolution. This interesting lizard has the broadest distribution of any known anole species, occurring from the northern Bahamas through Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and all the way to Central America. The species also exhibits a range of morphological and genetic differentiation, providing a useful system for the study of rapid evolution and incipient speciation. A great deal of previous work has been conducted in Bahamian populations of A. sagrei, including proposing that ocean currents attenuated divergence by effecting directional gene flow strong enough to overcome allopatric divergence in fitness-related traits. This finding suggests that gene flow might have a strong effect on retarding divergence and thus modulating adaptive diversification. This evolutionary "brake" might explain why a widespread and highly vagile anole species has potentially undergone less ecological divergence across oceanic gaps than congeners.
As a major component of my postdoctoral work, I am studying range-wide diversification, species limits, and evolutionary relationships of A. sagrei. Along with some excellent field assistants, we recently spent some time on Abaco chasing Brown Anoles, as part of a larger project studying this species across the Caribbean Basin. Across this range the species has considerable morphological and genetic variation, and indeed some populations have been considered to be distinct species. Our goal is to assess and quantify this morphological and genetic variation, beginning in the Bahamas. We sampled male and female anoles from a variety of locations and habitat types across Great Abaco, sampling individuals both at night using headlamps or during the day using lizard "nooses." The latter are telescoping fishing poles with a bit of dental floss on the end, which when slipped onto the neck of the lizard allows it to be caught without injury. We took a variety of data on these individuals, including photographs and reflectance readings of the dewlaps, morphological measurements, and genetic samples, all of which will be folded in to the larger project as we work our way through the Bahamas. Stay tuned for the results from this pursuit!


Also available with arms. A swivel version of the chair on 4 star base is also available.
Materials: frame in steel, chromed or painted in polyester powder. Seat in beech plywood (with or without pattern on the back side), in polycarbonate, in polypropylene or in polypropylene covered in fabric (Kvadrat "Divina"). Also available with front side covered in fabric (Kvadrat "Divina", "Steelcut Trio" or "Steelcut 2") or in leather. Versions for outdoor also available.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Amazing facts about these amazing creatures.
Snorkeling respectfuly with the wonderful turtles.
1.Turtles have been around a lot longer – and seen a lot more – than you might think.
Turtles have been roaming the earth for over 200 million years. They lived alongside dinosaurs, and bared witness to their extinction 65 million years ago. They are older than mammals, lizards, crocodiles, snakes, and birds.
2. They could (hypothetically) give you a high five.
Most species of turtle have five toes on each limb. A few turtle species only have four toes on each limb, and even more uncommonly, three toes on each limb.
3. Babies need to make it on their own.
No species of turtle nurtures their children. Turtles mothers find a location on land to dig a nest and lay their eggs. After they lay their eggs, they walk away. It's up to the babies to fend for themselves once they hatch.
4. Leatherback sea turtles have special shells that compress when they deep dive.
Instead of the scaly, horny shells most sea turtles have, leatherback turtles have shells that are akin to hard rubber. This allows them to deep dive without their shells shattering – the atmospheric pressure simply makes their shells compress.
5. Turtles can (kind of) hear.
To the naked eye, it appears turtles don't have ears. However, behind their skin flaps, turtles have middle ear bones that carry noise vibrations down their ear canals. Their middle ears have a very thick membrane that greatly inhibits the audio frequency range they can detect, though.
6. Turtles come in ALL shapes and sizes.
The bog turtle can be as little as 4-inches long, whereas the leathery turtle can weigh up to 1500 pounds!
7. Sea turtles can't retract their head and flippers into their shells.
Only land turtles can withdraw into their shells. This makes sea turtles a much easier target for predators compared to their relatives on land.
8. Turtles rely on their vision.
Turtles have excellent vision – and they need it to survive and thrive. Scientific research has shown they can identify a range of different colors, and even favor some colors over others because they are more appetizing. Research has also shown that some turtles become so debilitated without sight, they can't make their way back to the water from land.
9. Female turtles can store sperm for up to four years.
No man, no problem. After mating, females can willingly store sperm in their bodies for up to four years. No need to rush, mama.
10. Sea turtles have an internal GPS.
Who needs Siri? Not sea turtles. They have an internal system that helps direct them across the ocean and back using the earth's magnetic field. Turtles can sense variations in the magnetic field and can pinpoint specific coastlines by the unique magnetic signature it has.
Did these fun turtle facts surprise or shock you? We hope they at least sparked your interest in these incredibly dynamic, resourceful reptiles. If you want to discover more interesting facts about Europe's amazing marine species, check our section on marine wildlife!


2018, MACs will follow their normal course of action for codes billed prior to.
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text:
Q: How to index files from a directory with FOSElastica, without a Doctrine entity I would like to index in a Elastic instance the files (mainly images) from an upload directory.
I'm using the FOSElastica bundle for Symfony 4.
Now I know how to do this by having a Doctrine Image entity, and I succesfully created virtual properties and a bunch of other things like indexing metadata from the image file itself like that on a previous project, who already had a "gallery" database.
But now I'm on a new project which don't use a database for the uploaded images, I just have a main upload directory, and would like to work on indexing the images with their filename and relative subdirectories names.
FOSElastica seems to mandatory ask for a ORM as a persistence mode.
I'm not looking either for the attachment functionnality: The files themselves are the type, filepath and possibly metadatas are indexed.
Finally, I'm not looking for indexing the content either, like we would with a .doc or .pdf files for example...
Is there a simplier implementation I'm overlooking? Or should I do a database table after all (and play with the filesystem and CRON jobs to populate the index) even if it's just a bridge to FOSELastica?
Thanks!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
How Trump's Huawei Ban Will Affect US Consumers Beyond Smartphones
By Sissi Cao • 05/29/19 4:20pm
Song Liuping, Huawei's chief legal officer, speaks during a press conference at the company headquarter in Shenzhen, China on May 29, 2019. HECTOR RETAMAL/AFP/Getty Images
In response to the U.S. Commerce Department's blacklisting that cut off its key supply channels in the U.S., Chinese telecom giant Huawei Technologies filed a legal motion in a U.S. federal court on Tuesday, calling the Trump administration's ban on the company "unconstitutional" and in violation of "global human rights."
"Politicians in the U.S. are using the strength of an entire nation to come after a private company. They are using every tool they have, including legislative, administrative and diplomatic channels," Song Liuping, Huawei's chief legal officer, told reporters at a press briefing on Wednesday in Shenzhen, China, the company's home base.
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Earlier this month, the Commerce Department put Huawei on its "entity list" over national security concerns. Song warned that not only did America's security claim against Huawei lack evidence, but prohibiting the company from doing business in the U.S. would also "directly harm" 1,200 American companies and "tens of thousands" of American jobs.
Specifically, he called attention to Huawei's crucial role in providing affordable wireless services in rural America. "In the U.S., many people in rural areas have been forgotten. They still don't have access to affordable broadband networks," he said.
Huawei is a major equipment supplier to rural wireless companies in the U.S., providing telecom infrastructure to about a quarter of America's smallest carriers at a far lower price than comparable providers like Nokia and Ericsson.
The U.S. ban on Huawei has already affected some wireless providers, reported The New York Times over the weekend. For example, Montana-based carrier Nemont, which serves an area in northeast Montana bigger than Maryland, has scrapped some expansion plans due to the lack of future access to Huawei equipment.
Nemont's CEO Mike Kilgore estimated that it would cost him $50 million to find a new supplier, which could force him to shut down the company altogether.
According to estimates by the Rural Wireless Association, a trade group representing 55 small carriers like Nemont, it would cost members a total of $800 million to $1 billion to replace equipment from Huawei and ZTE, China's second largest telecom company that has also fallen under the wrath of the U.S. government.
"Connectivity is a basic human right," Song said. "The U.S. government is putting their rights at risk, especially people in underdeveloped countries where there is a large digital divide."
Tuesday's court motion was in relation to an exiting lawsuit Huawei filed in March against the U.S. government after Congress passed, and President Donald Trump, signed an executive order to ban Huawei from buying technology and components from U.S. companies. The suit challenged the constitutionality of Section 889 of the National Defense Authorization Act, which the Trump administration used to enforce the ban.
Song said Huawei had agreed with the Justice Department that the challenge involved purely legal questions that could be decided in a simple court hearing. The hearing is set to be held on September 19.
Filed Under: Business, Economy, Donald Trump, China, trade war, Huawei, US-China, Commerce Department, ZTE
SEE ALSO: Elon Musk's Neuralink Is Preparing for Human Brain Chip Trial With Key Hires


Paradise by Way of Kensal Green is West London's much loved gastropub, and an ideal spot for intimate suppers and relaxed Sunday lunches. Expect home cooked British food, prepared with love from fresh, seasonal and locally sourced produce with dishes such as Salmon gravlax, Trio of lamb and Aged rib eye.
Built in 1892, Paradise by way of Kensal Green takes its name from a line in the G.K Chesterton poem, The Rolling English Road, which refers to the nearby Victorian Kensal Green cemetery. Comprising a front pub section, dining room, outside garden, a glass covered conservatory and two first floor private event spaces, this historic and beautiful corner site has an impressive food and drink offering, as well as a progressive music programme. The extensive international wine list and selection of crafted cocktails are the perfect starting point for an evening dancing the night away in one of the upstairs rooms.
Paradise by way of Kensal Green is the perfect setting for every occasion and can be hired for all kinds of events and parties. We have a range or areas available, from drinks tables to private rooms for those special occasions.
Everything Perfect... food, ambience and staff (Joanna) amazing!!!
Mother days lunch! Perfect roast, yummy Prosecco we had a fab time!
We booked in for an early Mother's Day meal on Saturday 30 March evening which coincided with a wedding reception being held at the venue. Despite huge demands being made on the service staff we were looked after impeccably. We were never left waiting and staff were pleasant and good humoured during a hectic shift. The food was excellent and beautifully presented. We hope the service staff are properly rewarded for their professionalism.
Beautiful food, presentation and interior design - no faults at all.
The Italian manager of the restaurant made our meal so personal and such an enjoyable experience - we will definitely be coming back!!
Some amazing food and great service by the team. Would definitely recommend.
Excellent food, atmosphere and staff! We had Sunday roast and a great vine and everyone was friendly, we had the best experience you can have in a pub on a Sunday afternoon.
Unfortunately the service was very slow and the bill was expensive. It's a shame because the food was quite nice at the restaurant was nice.
Waiting 1 hour for food was unacceptable & I wish I mentioned something to the waitress. We still got charged £12.5 % service & for bread that we ordered for the children who were very hungry whilst waiting.
Sunday roast 10/10! Best in London.
Really good food and lovely staff. I had the best time!
Only one thing that I would recommend to change is the music! Should be different music than Hip hop all the time.
Un repas exceptionnel, une cuisine raffinée, inventive et délicieuse, une déco So British, le bonheur d avoir été servi par Baila, aux petits soins tout au long du repas, et qui cerise sur le gâteau, parle français. Dommage que ce super moment soit perturbé par une ambiance assez bruyante a cause du pub à côté de la salle de restaurant.
Everything about this place is great, the food, drinks, service, prices. It's a hidden gem.
Fantastic venue, great vibe and good food.
We had a great space for our party of 9 and the staff were very pleasant although a bit forgetful.
The food was generally good but in honesty the starters were a shade pretentious as this is a great pub but not fine dining.
The roast dinner lacked a wow factor and the guys that ordered sea bass and risotto were left wanting with the presentation.
Lastly no deserts with custard available and the 3 slices of cheese on the cheeseboard were a joke for 9.50!
Average food and over priced for what it is. Not all bad at all but some things weren't cooked very well (eg the mussels in the cod dish were very over cooked) and dishes are expensive for what they are.
One of my favourite places to dine, drink and dance. However this time around I took an important client and the service was so bad that it became a bit of a joke.
If you want to indulge in a Sunday roast lunch, this is the place for you. Delicious food, wonderful service from our Italian waitress and good wines. It is noisy but that is because it does cater for being family friendly. It is certainly worth travelling to for Sunday lunch particularly but also for meals other times.
We have been several times and comes highly recommended.
the girl who served us was lovley and the food was great. The staff made the place and the food closely followed. Very Good!!!
The food was delicious! I mean everything. The staff were so nice. We will definitely go back.
We really enjoyed the food at Paradise. Not only creatively presented but tasted great, definitely fit for foodies. The interior decoration is beautiful. Staff were great! All in all a very positive experience.
Would have loved it if folks had started dancing a bit earlier as the DJ set sounded great, too.
Clean menu with food cooked to perfection accompanied with tasteful music!
Love love love the Paradise. Fabulous spot-on Sunday Lunch and we were very appreciative of the care for one of our party who has a (not-a-fad) restrictive diet.
Visited this pub with my partner as we we're staying in Chiswick for the weekend and all local pubs were fully booked for Sunday lunch.On arriving were a little apprehensive as the location was a little run down.Everthing changed as we walked in from the waiting staff to the actual food.What a brilliant place will definitely be returning.
Started off with A friendly waitress who told us our mIn courses would take around 30 mins and if we wanted to order some snacks in the meantime, so ordered bread and olives. These then took around 20 mins to come and without any olive oil and balsamic vinaigrette which we had asked for, to be later told that they didn't have any balsamic (when we had finished the bread!). Table was uneven and had to ask again to get it fixed. Dinner took just under an hour to come. Lamb was okay but the spinach was way too salty. Waitress didn't come to check if everything was okay, (which is wasn't). Cod & mussels main was overcooked so friend sent it back and was told her dessert was on the house. When the bill came her dessert hadn't been taken off so had to ask. Lovely ambience though, just a shame about the food and service.


text:
Q: Ways to mock Camel Endpoint POJO producer I followed guide here, and I was successfully able to configure a producer on my bean endpoint like this:
@Produce( uri = "activemq:foo" )
  private MyListener myListener;

MyListener is:
public interface MyListener {

  @InOnly
  public void send( String message );
}

and my bean:
    public class MyBeanEndpoint {

          @Produce( uri = "activemq:foo" )
          private MyListener myListener;

          @Handler
          public void doSomething( final Object body ) {
            ...
    }

public void setMyListener( final MyListener myListener ) {
    this.myListener = myListener;
  }

Now, how can I test this?
I mean: my test extends CamelTestSupport and I configured my routes with
@Override
  public RouteBuilder createRouteBuilder() {
    return new RouteBuilder() { ... }

That is: I've reproduced camel context, but I've NO spring context configured and I want (if possible) to avoid instantiating it.
How can I mock producer or make Camel instantiate and inject this bean into my bean endpoint?
What is the best way to test such situation using Apache Camel features like CamelTestSupport and similar utilities?
My reference test is:
public class Test extends CamelTestSupport {

  private static BeanEndpoint beanEndpoint

  @BeforeClass
  public static void init() {
    beanEndpoint.setActivemqMyListener( ??? );
  }

  @Override
  public CamelContext createCamelContext() {
    context = new DefaultCamelContext();
    context.addComponent( "activemq", new SedaComponent() );
    return context;
  }

  @Override
  public RouteBuilder createRouteBuilder() {
    return new RouteBuilder() {

      @Override
      public void configure() throws Exception {

        from( "activemq:foo" )
                .to( "mock:out" );

      }
    };
  }

  @Test
  public void testFooQueue() throws Exception {}

A: Let Camel create your bean, then the various dependency injection and whatnot is configured for you.
private static BeanEndpoint beanEndpoint

 ...

beanEndpoint = camelContext.getInjector().newInstance(BeanEndpoint.class);


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text:
The bronze two-cent piece was one of the shortest-lived and most-interesting denominations of U.S. coinage, with a production that lasted from 1864 to 1873 only. The coins' existence stemmed from the economic turmoil surrounding the Civil War.
By 1862, popular hoarding of all coins led to a shortage of small change. Part of the government solution to this shortage was the two-cent piece, authorized by the Coinage Act of 1864. This Act changed the composition of the Indian cent from copper-nickel alloy to bronze, and outlawed the issuance of privately made tokens ("Civil War Tokens") that had replaced the hoarded coins. The large-scale production of new bronze cents and two-cent coins was an effort to facilitate trade, shore up the money supply, and allow businesses to function.
The two-cent piece was designed by U.S. Mint Chief Engraver James B. Longacre. Longacre had begun preparing test designs and samples for the new denomination in 1863. He initially considered a portrait of George Washington for the design, but eventually settled on a United States escutcheon as the main design element. The motto IN GOD WE TRUST appears on a ribbon above. The two-cent piece was the first U.S. coin to bear this motto, which has since come to appear on all U.S. coins.
The new coin was initially popular – mintages in 1864 and 1865 were large, and the coins circulated widely. Examples from these first two years are the most commonly encountered today. The denomination's popularity didn't last, however. After War's end, the hoarding of cents stopped. This, combined with the introduction of copper-nickel three- and five-cent pieces in 1865 and 1866, made the two-cent denomination superfluous. Mintages begin a steady decline, falling off in each successive year, until only 65,000 were made dated 1872.
Over one-third of the two-cent pieces made between 1864 and 1873 were later redeemed by the Treasury, and subsequently melted. These melted coins were recoined into Indian cents. All two-cent pieces were made at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; as a result, none have mintmarks. The 1873-dated examples were proof-only issues made for collectors, in very small quantities. The 1873 is the scarcest coin in the set. Other scarce coins include the 1864 with smaller IN GOD WE TRUST motto, made from a distinctly different prototype die; the 1867 doubled die variety, and the 1872.
Two-cent pieces are relatively inexpensive, considering their availability and unusual history. The early dates are interesting mementos of the waning days of the Civil War, and the series is challenging but still relatively affordable, compared to other coins of the same era. Assembling a complete set of circulation strikes, especially in nice condition, is a rewarding pursuit for the coin collector.
1864 large motto, XF-40
1865 plain 5, XF-40
1867, VF-20
1867, AU-55
1868, F-15
1871, G-4


text:
Packers' latest loss to Seahawks might usher in end of an era
By Michael Silver
NFL.com columnist
Published: Nov. 16, 2018 at 03:49 a.m.
Updated: Nov. 16, 2018 at 10:48 a.m.
Will LaFleur's offense mean less freedom for Rodgers?
30-year-old Russell Wilson wants to play HOW many more seasons?
SEATTLE -- Clay Matthews swooped in from the side and popped the football free, and teammate Tramon Williams lunged onto the turf to recover it, a heavenly takeaway made possible by two veterans acutely familiar with the Green Bay Packers' heartrending history at CenturyLink Field.
Seven seconds into Thursday night's crucial clash with the Seattle Seahawks, the Packers had made a swift and emphatic statement, forcing a Chris Carson fumble and recovering at the Seattle 29-yard line. And as Aaron Rodgers skipped onto the field to take his first snap of the night, the 14th-year quarterback could barely contain his glee.
As Rodgers recalled later as he exited the stadium, "What a way to start. I thought, Here we go! This is gonna be our night."
Instead, to the quarterback's dismay, it was another Seattle nightmare in the making. And history may look back on the Pack's 27-24 defeat to the Seahawks as the night the music died in Titletown.
"We've lost too many games like this -- that's the most frustrating thing," Rodgers said following Green Bay's latest coulda/woulda/shoulda setback in a season full of them. "We've had a chance in almost all our road games -- especially against the Rams and the Patriots, and again tonight. We're right there. But we just can't get it done."
In the game's early stages, it looked like the Packers had found their mojo in a stadium full of miserable memories. As every green-and-gold loyalist is painfully aware, CenturyLink was the sight of the infamous "Fail Mary" in 2012 and, two years later, the place where the Pack -- seemingly Super Bowl-bound -- endured a collapse of epic proportions in the 2014 NFC Championship Game.
Thursday's fast start against the Seahawks (5-5), fueled by veterans familiar with those emotional scars, seemed to signal the Packers were hell-bent on taking chance out of the equation. Three plays after Williams' fumble recovery, the Packers were celebrating halfback Aaron Jones' 8-yard touchdown run. Then, with 3:10 left in the first quarter, Rodgers made an insane-in-the-membrane throw that dropped 69,007 jaws in unison at CenturyLink and pushed the Green Bay lead to 14-3, unleashing a 54-yard haymaker -- while on the move and in the air -- to tight end Robert Tonyan.
At that moment, the ever-dangerous team led by the planet's most skilled quarterback looked fully capable of disrobing the Seahawks in their home stadium and using the victory as a springboard to Super Bowl contention.
Two hours later, Rodgers (21 of 30, 332 yards, two touchdown, no interceptions) and the Packers trudged off the field, flummoxed by a loss that all but eliminated their remaining margin for error in 2018 -- and may well have ushered in the end of an era. With a 4-5-1 record heading into its next game, a Nov. 25 road showdown with the Minnesota Vikings, Green Bay is very much in jeopardy of missing out on the playoffs for a second consecutive season, a development that could bring an end to Mike McCarthy's 13-year tenure as the team's head coach.
Though McCarthy has guided the Pack to the postseason nines times, including eight consecutive appearances with Rodgers as the quarterback from 2009-2016, the franchise has only one championship to show for it. The window won't stay open forever -- Rodgers turns 35 on Dec. 2 -- and the frustration in the locker room is starting to become palpable.
A 29-27 defeat to the Rams in Los Angeles late last month left several Green Bay players enraged at a teammate some regarded as selfish (backup running back and kick returner Ty Montgomery was traded to the Baltimore Ravens two days later). The following Sunday in Foxborough, the Packers seemed on the verge of taking control of a game against the New England Patriots, but a fumble by Jones sent them on a downward spiral.
On Thursday, after Green Bay failed to protect a second-half lead it held until 5:08 remained in the game -- and punted the ball away on fourth-and-2 from its own 33 with 4:20 to go, never to get it back -- the inability to put away opponents was a recurring topic of discussion.
"Most definitely, we should have (put them away)," said Williams, the 12th-year cornerback who returned to the franchise in March after a three-year absence. "There've been too many games where we didn't finish, where we couldn't maintain momentum. We've just gotta get that win."
Specifically, Williams was upset that the Packers went down to defeat without Rodgers getting a chance to produce the kind of late-game magic that propelled the team to victories over the Chicago Bears and San Francisco 49ers earlier this season. Going for it on fourth-and-2, to Williams, seemed like a no-brainer.
"I want to go for it," he said. "I want to play to win. We've got Aaron Rodgers. We (should) play to win -- period. We don't want to put it in anybody else's hands. We've got the best quarterback in the league. We've got to put it in his hands and let him do what he does."
Long before McCarthy's decision to punt, the Packers missed out on an opportunity to parlay their early start into a runaway victory -- something that jibes, thematically, with the franchise's overall philosophy during much of Rodgers' career. Though highly skilled at picking players, former general manager Ted Thompson, who stepped aside after last season, was reticent to make trades or aggressively pursue big-name free agents, an approach which seems to be changing under his successor, Brian Gutekunst.
With Packers president and CEO Mark Murphy having taken a more hands-on role since the front-office switch, there's a growing sense that McCarthy might be replaced -- barring a dramatic turnaround in the team's fortunes. If so, he'll surely look back at Thursday's game as one of those that got away.
"You couldn't have asked for a better start," Matthews said. "I know we're young and we've got a bunch of new guys, and a new scheme, but we've gotta make plays, 'cause in this league, close doesn't count. Now we pretty much have to win out to have a shot."
The Packers got some monster plays on both sides of the ball. Third-year linebacker Kyler Fackrell was a one-man wrecking crew, hounding Seattle quarterback Russell Wilson (21 of 31, 225 yards, two touchdowns, no interceptions) all game in an effort that included three sacks, four quarterback hurries and a deflected pass that Wilson caught for an 11-yard loss.
Meanwhile, Davante Adams, who has emerged as one of the NFL's top receivers, caught 10 passes for 166 yards, including a pair of glorious deep balls by Rodgers, totaling 98 yards on those receptions alone. Tight end Jimmy Graham, the prize of Gutekunst's first free-agent class, had a rough return to Seattle, suffering a thumb injury that is feared to be serious and leaving the game for good late in the first half.
On the play of the night, Rodgers thought he was hooking up with Graham, only to realize his target was, in fact, a first-year, fourth-string tight end from Indiana State.
With the Packers up 7-3 and facing a second-and-10 from their 46, Rodgers took a snap from under center, dropped back and felt the pocket collapse. He pumped the ball once before escaping to his right, pointing his finger downfield while evading several Seahawks in pursuit. As he approached the sideline, just past his own 40-yard-line, Rodgers left the ground as he unleashed a searing spiral toward the goal line, where Tonyan was tightly covered by safety Bradley McDougald.
"That was niiicccee," Rodgers admitted afterward, shortly before heading to the team bus. "I let it go and I stared at it and said, 'Oooooo yeah ...' To be honest, I thought it was Jimmy. I let it go and looked at it and then I said, 'Whoa! That's Bobby.' "
Tonyan's scoring catch seemed to signal that the Packers were on the road to a blowout victory. Yet unlike Rodgers' famous girlfriend, Danica Patrick, this team does not seem comfortable putting its foot on the gas. The Seahawks took the lead 17-14 with 3:22 left in the first half, and though Green Bay reclaimed it on Rodgers' 24-yard pass to Jones with 44 seconds remaining, the Pack would manage only three points the rest of the way.
As great as Rodgers' pass to Tonyan was, there was one brutal throw he wished he could have had back, as it directly preceded McCarthy's decision to kick the ball back to the Seahawks. After Wilson's 15-yard touchdown pass to tight end Ed Dickson put Seattle up 27-24 with 5:08 to play, the Packers took over at their own 25, and soon faced a third-and-2 from the 33. Rodgers, after taking a shotgun snap, had rookie receiver Marquez Valdes-Scantling open to his right for what likely would have been a catch-and-run well past the first-down marker.
The ball, however, never got there, hitting the turf well short of its target.
Asked if he was upset that the Packers punted on fourth-and-2, Rodgers replied, "I'm mad about the third-and-2. It just stuck to my hand. That's a throw I make 100 times out of 100. Just incredible."
One person who wasn't mad about McCarthy's decision to take the ball out of Rodgers' hands: Seahawks defensive coordinator Ken Norton Jr.
"Oh my God," he said afterward. "I was like, 'Please! Punt! Punt! Punt!' "
Four running plays and two first downs later, the Seahawks were in victory formation -- and the Packers were down to perhaps their last chance to salvage a season. Rodgers has led them on remarkable runs before, so it would be crazy to completely discount the possibility. Yet Williams, for one, believes that such dire circumstances warrant a go-for-broke attitude that has been missing thus far, and he wasn't afraid to voice it after another heartbreaking defeat.
"I don't want to play a regular game all the time," Williams said. "I want to come out and make a statement. We know what we've got. We're at a point in our season where we have to win. We've got nothing else to do. We've got the best quarterback. We've got too much to be losing games so close. We've gotta get over the hump. And we've got to risk some things to do it."
If the Packers don't pull it off, there may be some very big changes awaiting them at season's end.
Follow Michael Silver on Twitter @mikesilver.
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