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<title>HOWTO:  Use Farrago SQL to Access Metadata Managed by MDR</title>
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HOWTO:  Use Farrago SQL to Access Metadata Managed by MDR

If you are using MDR as a
persistent repository, chances are good that at some point you'll want
to expose your repository data as SQL views.  This makes it possible
to use an off-the-shelf query/reporting tool to browse your
repository, generate reports, or just about anything else.

The Farrago DBMS platform makes all of this possible via its SQL/MED extensibility feature.  This
document describes how to make use of the MDR plugin.

Getting Started with Farrago

The first step is to get a Farrago build.  See the developer jump-start page for
details, or download
prebuilt binaries.  For very simple queries (e.g. filters,
projections, and limited joins) you don't need the Fennel C++
components; pure Java can do the job.  But if you want more
comprehensive SQL support (e.g. ORDER BY), you'll need a build with
Fennel.

After you have installed Farrago, make sure you're able to execute
simple queries via iSQL-Viewer.

Farrago Talks MDR

For an example MDR repository, we will use a test btree repository
which is generated by the Farrago build.  (If you're using prebuilt
binaries, this isn't part of the distribution, but you can get it from
the Farrago-only source download and change the unitsql path below
accordingly.)  This repository contains just the MOF metametamodel.
The first step is to tell Farrago where to find this repository.  This
is analogous to mounting a device in Unix in order to make it
accessible via the filesystem.  Execute the following command from
iSQL-Viewer:

create server mof_repository
foreign data wrapper sys_mdr
options(
    "org.netbeans.mdr.persistence.Dir" 'unitsql/ddl/mdr',
    extent_name 'MOF',
    schema_name 'MODEL'
);

Explanation:

mof_repository is the name we will give the repository in
Farrago.  It will appear as a top-level catalog name.

sys_mdr is the name of the foreign data wrapper used to
access MDR.  Farrago allows you to define and plug in your own, but this
isn't necessary here because the system already provides one for MDR.

"org.netbeans.mdr.persistence.Dir" tells MDR the
directory in which to find the btree storage.  This option name has to
be quoted (with double-quotes as an identifier) in order for its case
to be preserved correctly.  Any properties understood by MDR can be
passed in this way (allowing you to choose a storage representation
other than btree, for example).  The path is relative to the working
directory; depending on where you ran iSQL-Viewer from, you may have
to modify it accordingly.  Using an absolute path is usually the best
approach.  Note that option values are always single-quoted (as string
literals, not identifiers like option names).

extent_name tells MDR what extent name to look for
in the repository

schema_name is bit of a hack.  Normally, in a repository
with a nested package structure, the root_package_name
option would be specified instead, and all child packages of the root
package would appear as schemas.  However, the MOF repository has no
nested packages at all, so in such cases the schema_name option should
be specified to make the namespace conform to the standard catalog.schema.table
convention.  Choosing an upper-case name will allow you to avoid quoting
it later.

Once the server definition above is created, you can directly query
the repository extent if you know the available class names from the model.
Let's get a list of all of the metaclasses defined by MOF:

select * from mof_repository.model."Class";

NOTE: object names from MDR (like "Class") are case
sensitive and have to be quoted when they aren't upper-case to begin
with.  The reason mof_repository and model
don't have to be quoted is that they were defined by Farrago DDL, not
MDR.

The results should look something like this:

         Number of Records :: 28

           name
           annotation
           container
           isRoot
           isLeaf
           isAbstract
           visibility
           isSingleton
           mofId
           mofClassName

           Tag

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:000000000000036B
           Class

           Constant

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000364
           Class

           Constraint

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:000000000000035E
           Class

           Parameter

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000352
           Class

           Import

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:000000000000034D
           Class

           Package

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000343
           Class

           AssociationEnd

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:000000000000033E
           Class

           Association

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000331
           Class

           Exception

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000328
           Class

           Operation

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000322
           Class

           BehavioralFeature

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           true
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:000000000000031B
           Class

           Reference

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000319
           Class

           Attribute

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:000000000000030E
           Class

           StructuralFeature

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           true
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:000000000000030A
           Class

           Feature

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           true
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000306
           Class

           AliasType

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000301
           Class

           StructureField

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002FF
           Class

           StructureType

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002FC
           Class

           CollectionType

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002F9
           Class

           EnumerationType

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002F6
           Class

           PrimitiveType

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002F3
           Class

           DataType

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           true
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002F1
           Class

           Class

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           false
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002E2
           Class

           Classifier

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           true
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002DB
           Class

           TypedElement

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           true
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002D9
           Class

           GeneralizableElement

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           true
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002D4
           Class

           Namespace

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           true
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002BD
           Class

           ModelElement

           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394
           false
           false
           true
           public_vis
           false
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000002A1
           Class

iSQL-Viewer 2.1.5

Now we know the column names, so we can issue a more meaningful query,
like finding the names of all abstract classes.  Since the
isAbstract column has type BOOLEAN, we can use it
directly in the WHERE clause.

select "name" from mof_repository.model."Class" where "isAbstract";

Expected results:

         Number of Records :: 9

           name

           BehavioralFeature

           StructuralFeature

           Feature

           DataType

           Classifier

           TypedElement

           GeneralizableElement

           Namespace

           ModelElement

iSQL-Viewer 2.1.5

Result Set Details

In the first result set above, notice the hexadecimal string ID's for the
container and mofId columns.  These are
MOFID values, which are essentially object identifiers.  The
mofId attribute represents the ID for the object
represented by the row in question (so in the above example, they are
ID's for Class instances).  The association between
Namespace and ModelElement gives rise to the
container column in the Class result set; it's
really a foreign key referencing the mofId column of the
Namespace result set.  MDR takes care of the object-oriented
aspects, so we can query for Package instances, which are
a subset of all Namespace instances:

select "name","mofId" from mof_repository.model."Package";

Expected results:

         Number of Records :: 3

           name
           mofId

           CorbaIdlTypes
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:00000000000003A3

           Model
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000394

           PrimitiveTypes
           7D749D32-73FA-11D8-9D44-AFBC9CB2AA77:0000000000000272

iSQL-Viewer 2.1.5

Notice that the mofId for the row with
name=Model is the same as the container ID
for all of the classes in the first result set.  So this means all MOF
classes are defined in the Model package.  You can use a
join to navigate the association; try the query below:

select
    n."name" as container_name,
    e."name" as element_name
from
    mof_repository.model."Package" n
inner join
    mof_repository.model."ModelElement" e
on n."mofId" = e."container";

Some other result set details:

Besides the mofId column, there is an additional
meta-column mofClassName associated with every table.
When you query a leaf-level class in an object hierarchy, this value
will always be the same (the name of the class you queried).  However,
when you query a non-leaf class (e.g.  select
"name","mofClassName" from mof_repository.model."Namespace"),
the mofClassName column can be used to determine the actual
leaf type of each object returned.

Datatypes of result columns are inferred automatically using repository
metadata.  All columns show up as nullable (even when the underlying
attribute is mandatory).

MDR does not supply any precision information for string datatypes, so
Farrago (arbitrarily) chooses VARCHAR(128) for the representation.
This will probably change in the future; for now, a mechanism is
available (described in the next section) for overriding the
default with a different precision.

Local Metadata

So far, we have been querying the repository directly using our
knowledge of its underlying package structure.  Normally, you will
instead want to capture at least a subset of the repository's metadata
in Farrago's own catalog so that it is available in standard format
(JDBC metadata calls, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, etc.) for use in third-party
query tools such as iSQL-Viewer (or in your own application).  You
will probably also want to define your own data dictionary views on
top of the raw repository tables to transform the metadata into a more
useful format.  There are a number of ways to go about this:

Use the SQL/MED CREATE FOREIGN TABLE command to import metadata for
individual tables into the Farrago catalog, specifying column names
and types explicitly.

Use the SQL/MED CREATE FOREIGN TABLE command to import metadata for
individual tables into the Farrago catalog, allowing the
system to infer the column names and types.

Use the SQL/MED IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA command to import metadata for
a collection of tables all at once.  This is not yet implemented by Farrago,
so it won't be discussed here.

Use the CREATE VIEW command to define views directly against the
repository.

Use the CREATE VIEW command to define views against metadata imported
via one of the first three methods.

Here's a CREATE FOREIGN TABLE example:

create schema mof_schema;

create foreign table mof_schema.exceptions(
    name varchar(20),
    annotation varchar(1),
    container char(54),
    "SCOPE" varchar(20),
    visibility varchar(20),
    exception_id char(54),
    unused_name varchar(20))
server mof_repository
options (class_name 'Exception');

Explanation:

We first create a new schema mof_schema under the default
LOCALDB catalog.  This schema will contain our imported metadata.  This
imported metadata will remain available even if the repository becomes
unavailable.

In this case, the CREATE FOREIGN TABLE command overrides the default
names and datatypes known to the repository.  The names are defined as
case insensitive, so no identifier quotes will be required when
querying this table, except for the scope column whose
name happens to be a SQL reserved word.  And the datatypes are more
reasonable than the defaults (e.g. we know that the MOFID's for this
repository are fixed-length 54-character strings).

The table name exceptions is never seen by the repository
at all.  Instead, we explicitly tell the repository the desired
class_name via the options clause at the end.

If the column names and types had been omitted, they would have been
derived automatically from the repository metadata.  This may be undesirable
when you need control over case-sensitivity or datatypes.

Let's query the table via the local metadata:

select name,visibility
from mof_schema.exceptions;

         Number of Records :: 2

           NAME
           VISIBILITY

           NameNotResolved
           public_vis

           NameNotFound
           public_vis

iSQL-Viewer 2.1.5

If this is the only information desired, we can create a view to capture it:

create view mof_schema.exception_visibility as
select name,visibility
from mof_schema.exceptions;

The same view could instead be defined directly against the repository
metadata:

create view mof_schema.exception_visibility as
select "name" as name,"visibility" as visibility
from mof_repository.model."Exception";

Note that in this second view definition, the column types would be
based on the repository metadata rather than on the overriding types
specified when the table definition was imported.

Try This At Home

If you made it through the above walkthrough, you're ready to give it
a try with your own repository by following similar steps.  There are
a few things you should take into consideration first:

Repository Storage:  If you're not using the default btree storage,
you'll need to specify different options to the
create server command.  For example, if you are using
JDBC storage, you might specify something like:

options(
    "org.netbeans.mdr.storagemodel.StorageFactoryClassName" = 'org.netbeans.mdr.persistence.jdbcimpl.JdbcStorageFactory',
    "MDRStorageProperty.org.netbeans.mdr.persistence.jdbcimpl.driverClassName" = 'org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver',
    "MDRStorageProperty.org.netbeans.mdr.persistence.jdbcimpl.url" = 'jdbc:hsqldb:/home/hsqldb/stored_repos'
)

Package Structure:  If your repository model has no nested packages,
you can use the schema_name option as in the MOF example.
Otherwise, you'll need to specify the root_package_name
option instead.  All packages under this root package will appear as
schemas under your repository catalog.  If your package nesting structure
has a depth greater than 2, you'll probably have to choose multiple roots
and issue multiple create server statements accordingly.

Concurrent Access: MDR's default btree storage does not allow
more than one process at a time to open the btree files.  This means
Farrago and your application have to take turns accessing the data,
which is probably impractical.  MDR's JDBC storage may provide a
better solution, although it needs improvements in
performance/concurrency control.  So for now, usage of Farrago for MDR
querying is probably limited to proof-of-concept.

Let us know how
it goes for you.

TODO

Show how to use IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA once it is working, and also
show metadata browsing via iSQL-Viewer once that is working.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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text:
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Życiorys
Absolwentka Zespołu Szkół Społecznych "Splot" w Nowym Sączu (1993), zarządzania i marketingu (1999) oraz stosunków Międzynarodowych i dyplomacji (2001) w Wyższej Szkole Biznesu – National-Louis University w Nowym Sączu.

Zawodowo związana z administracją publiczną. W 2000 odbyła staż, a następnie rozpoczęła pracę w Kancelarii Prezesa Rady Ministrów. W 2002 przeszła do Departamentu Współpracy Międzynarodowej Ministerstwa Kultury. Później wróciła do Nowego Sącza, by wykładać na macierzystej uczelni. W 2006 rozpoczęła pracę w Kancelarii Sejmu. Później przeszła do Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych jako zastępczyni dyrektora Departamentu Promocji. W 2006 została Konsul Generalną RP w Warnie. Kadencję zakończyła w 2008, zamykając placówkę. Dalej pracowała jako kierowniczka referatów konsularnych kolejno w: Ottawie, Tallinie, Bejrucie, Rydze i Wilnie. W 2017 powróciła do pracy w Departamencie Konsularnym MSZ. W 2018 została, najpierw pełniącą obowiązki, a następnie dyrektorką Biura Dyrektora Generalnego MSZ. 7 października 2020 Komisja Spraw Zagranicznych Sejmu RP pozytywnie zaopiniowała jej kandydaturę na stanowisko Ambasadora RP w Albanii, miesiąc później otrzymała nominację Prezydenta. Stanowisko objęła 1 kwietnia 2021.

Od 2003 do 2006 sekretarz Rady Nadzorczej Sądeckiej Agencji Rozwoju Regionalnego S.A.

W 2019 odznaczona Srebrnym Krzyżem Zasługi.

Życie prywatne
Wdowa, ma jedną córkę.

Przypisy

Absolwenci uczelni w Polsce
Ambasadorowie III Rzeczypospolitej w Albanii
Konsulowie III Rzeczypospolitej
Ludzie urodzeni w Nowym Sączu
Ludzie związani z Bejrutem
Ludzie związani z Ottawą
Ludzie związani z Rygą
Ludzie związani z Tallinnem
Ludzie związani z Tiraną
Ludzie związani z Warną
Ludzie związani z Wilnem
Odznaczeni Srebrnym Krzyżem Zasługi (III Rzeczpospolita)
Urodzeni w 1974
Urzędnicy Kancelarii Prezesa Rady Ministrów i Urzędu Rady Ministrów (III Rzeczpospolita)
Urzędnicy Kancelarii Sejmu (III Rzeczpospolita)
Urzędnicy Ministerstwa Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego III Rzeczypospolitej
Urzędnicy Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych (III Rzeczpospolita)


Words have power. That is the underlying theme of the comic, Word Smith, another independent project that I stumbled upon on Kickstarter that hails from Australia. Created and written by Stephen Kok, illustrated by P.R. Dedelis, and with colors by Peyton Freeman, it is an all-ages fantasy Steampunk comic with a well-meaning, yet somewhat naive, protagonist named Victoria and her mischievous pet dragon, Sparky.
A word smith is a person who has the magical ability to imbue a word with enough power that whatever meaning it has affects whomever it is meant for on a deep, emotional level. When Victoria, the local word smith, is hired by a local baker to produce a word to inspire her dispirited husband, the word she chooses has unexpected results; he leaves his wife. Desperate to save the marriage she destroyed, Victoria chooses a new word to convince the husband to return, but he has already left town. Now, Victoria must track him down to fix the damage she has done.
The art and coloring are pitch perfect for this kind of project, and I find Victoria and her pet dragon to be adorable. I found the premise to be delightful which is what drew me to back the project in the first place; however, the writer could have upped the conflict quite a bit and made it harder for Victoria to reach her goal by adding an antagonist. As written, there is really only one major conflict, and it has nothing to do with the main character. Victoria achieved her goal too easily, and, as a reader, I never felt any tension. I realize this is written for children, but conflict works on many levels. I also felt the writer lost a number of opportunities to explore how this power affects Victoria on a personal level. How did she get it? This is such a powerful ability. Wouldn't someone or something want to control or stop it? What is her place in this society? Is magic the norm? And if yes, who has it and who doesn't? There are many other unanswered questions I would love to know the answer to.
I love this concept, and I think it has enormous potential. It's just the type of story I know many people would love. I truly hope we see more of Victoria and Sparky and learn more about their world.


text:
New this week: Jennifer Lopez, Sam Smith and 'You People'
This week's new entertainment releases include fresh albums from Sam Smith and Elle King, the return of Jennifer Lopez in the rom-com "Shotgun Wedding," and the TV show "Poker Face," starring Natasha Lyonne as a wise-cracking, friendly drifter who has an uncanny ability to immediately know if someone is lying.
Ben Affleck and J. Lo surprise customers at a Dunkin' drive-thru
Ben Affleck and wife Jennifer Lopez surprised customers at a Dunkin' drive-thru in Massachusetts on Jan. 10.
She ordered her regular cup of Dunkin'. Ben Affleck handed it to her.
Lisa Mackay drove up to the window of a Dunkin' in Medford, Mass., to find Ben Affleck handing her the iced coffee she'd ordered.
Jennifer Lopez ends 2022 by sharing pictures from wedding with Ben Affleck
Actress Jennifer Lopez said goodbye to 2022 by sharing a video with highlights of each month of the year, including new photos of her wedding ceremony with Ben Affleck.
Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck spend Christmas together with 'blended families'
Jennifer Lopez sent out her newsletter, where she shared her Christmas plans with her followers, which included time spent with her husband, Ben Affleck and their 'blended families."
'Good Will Hunting' 25th anniversary: How Ben Affleck, Matt Damon went from 'drama geeks' to movie stars
Ben Affleck and Matt Damon have been friends since their early childhood. Both stars won their first Oscar award together for "Good Will Hunting" in 1989 and remain very close.
Elon Musk and the hardcore cult of Diet Coke
Twitter owner Elon Musk shared a photo of his bedside table littered with cans of Diet Coke, reminding us of the power the beverage has.
Think Barbiecore and all things pink for holiday gifts
The style dubbed Barbiecore has legs ahead of next year's release of the live-action "Barbie" movie starring Margo Robbie and Ryan Gosling.
Johnny Depp and Amber Heard, Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie: Hollywood's nastiest splits and star power impacts
Angelina Jolie made abuse claims against Brad Pitt, and Ben Affleck battled cheating allegations when married to Jennifer Garner. The actors still came out on top.
This is how safety officials are prepping for Michigan, MSU football night game
ANN ARBOR, MI - You can only imagine local police and firefighters collectively rolling their eyes when they heard Michigan and Michigan State were meeting in a night game on Saturday. "Some memes are funny," the Ann Arbor Police Department wrote on Facebook. Beyond a police presence, University of Michigan and MSU safety officials are focusing on a public health approach to deter extreme alcohol consumption. Kickoff time, TV revealed for Michigan-Michigan State football gameDoes Michigan play better at night? A history of night games at the Big HouseMichigan out for revenge vs. Spartans: 'We know we're the better team'Michigan football an early 3-TD betting favorite vs. Michigan StateIdle Michigan drops in coaches' poll ahead of MSU showdownAfter 2-year delay, ROTC cadets will run 66 miles with Michigan, MSU game ball
Ann Arbor police, fire departments clap back at Michigan vs. Michigan State night game announcement with meme
Law enforcement is not thrilled with the timing of the U-M vs. MSU night game.
Ralph Lauren draws A-list Hollywood crowd for sumptuous show
Designer Ralph Lauren went big for his first Los Angeles fashion show, staging a sumptuous display of his well-honed ethos of casual luxury, with strong Western accents like cowboy hats and boots, against a setting sun at the grand Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens in San Marino, California, near Los Angeles.
CIA unveils model of al-Qaida leader al-Zawahri's hideout
The CIA has revealed the scale model of the safe house where it found and killed al-Qaida leader Ayman al-Zawahri in Afghanistan.
Jennifer Lopez says a leaked wedding video of her serenading Ben Affleck was 'taken without permission'
Lopez also revealed that guests signed non-disclosure agreements for the event in a comment on an Instagram fan page.
At 90, the Venice Film Festival looks better than ever
For director and actor Olivia Wilde, the dream of the Venice International Film Festival was woven into the fabric of her new film, "Don't Worry Darling.".
Casey Affleck's girlfriend shares and deletes possible clue about why he didn't attend Ben and JLo's wedding
Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez's wedding was not attended by the actor's younger brother, Casey. He said he "had other things" on the day of the wedding, but his girlfriend Caylee Cowan may have provided some insight.
Lopez And Affleck Celebrate Marriage With Friends, Family
The celebrity couple were officially married last month in Las Vegas, which Lopez shared with fans in her "On the J Lo" newsletter.
Jennifer Lopez looked regal in a white wedding dress that featured a mermaid silhouette and cathedral train for her second wedding to Ben Affleck
People reports that the dress, which features short sleeves and a bodycon silhouette, was made by Ralph Lauren.
Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck said "I do" again this weekend.
Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez seal it with a kiss as photos from their wedding day reveal gorgeous ceremony
Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez are officially married, and new photos show the stunning and elaborate features to the ceremony, as well as the couple kissing and posing for pictures.
Trams arrive at Ben Affleck, Jennifer Lopez's wedding venue
Trams arrived at Ben Affleck's 87-acre home ahead of his wedding ceremony with Jennifer Lopez on Saturday night. Wedding day preparations are in full swing.
Fallece la actriz y cantante Olivia Newton-John a los 73 años
La actriz y cantante Olivia Newton-John, célebre por sus papeles protagónicos en 'Grease' y 'Xanadu', falleció en su rancho en California a los 73 años.
Jennifer Lopez's first husband wishes her well, casts doubt on marriage to Ben Affleck
Jennifer Lopez's first husband, who she was married to from 1997-98 gave his thoughts on her new marriage to fourth husband Ben Affleck Saturday, saying he's not sure it will last.
Ben Affleck Is Seen Napping, Kissing And Crying On Honeymoon With Jennifer Lopez
The newlyweds are enjoying a Parisian honeymoon with their kids in tow.
Ex-baseball star Alex Rodriguez reacts to Jennifer Lopez-Ben Affleck wedding
Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck got married July 16. According to Us Weekly, the former slugger wishes the couple nothing but the best. From Us Weekly:"He's happy for her and happy that she's with the person she's meant to be with," a source exclusively revealed to Us Weekly on Monday, July 18. … [His] relationship [with Jennifer] ended a while ago — he's made peace with how things ended. He respects her and truly wishes her nothing but the best."Rodriguez and Lopez dated from February 2017 to April 2021.
Jennifer Lopez Predicted To Carson Daly Where She And Ben Affleck Would Get Married — 20 Years Ago
Jennifer Lopez joked about marrying Ben Affleck in Las Vegas back in 2002 in a conversation with Carson Daly on "TRL."
Bennifer gets a happy ending, now that tabloids have lost their bite
After they blamed the demise of their first engagement on vicious media, Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez's second attempt ended on a much happier note: marriage.
A 19-Year-Old Resurfaced Video Proves Jennifer Lopez Had Always Been Planning To Take Ben Affleck's Last Name Even Before Their Scrapped Wedding In 2003
The happy couple tied the knot during a low-key ceremony in Las Vegas on Saturday, a complete contrast to the extravagance and publicity of their scrapped wedding in 2003.View Entire Post ›
Jennifer Lopez, Ben Affleck wed in Las Vegas drive-through
NEW YORK (AP) — Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck were wed Saturday in a late-night Las Vegas drive-through chapel, culminating a relationship that stretched over two decades in two separate romances and headlined countless tabloid covers. Twenty years patient," wrote Lopez in a message signed Jennifer Lynn Affleck. News of their nuptials first spread Sunday after the Clark County clerk's office in Nevada showed that the pair obtained a marriage license that was processed Saturday. The marriage license filing showed that Lopez plans to take the name Jennifer Affleck. Lopez, 52, and Affleck, 49, famously dated in the early 2000s, spawning the nickname "Bennifer," before rekindling their romance last year.
Jennifer Lopez & Ben Affleck's Wedding: ALL the Details!
Jennifer Lopez & Ben Affleck tie the knot at A Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas on July 16. Get details from the singer's "On the J. Lo" newsletter!
Jennifer Lopez wedding dress: See what the new Mrs. Affleck wore on her big day
Jennifer Lopez wedding dress was from an old movie. Mrs. Affleck and Ben Affleck were quite the gorgeous bride and groom at their Las Vegas wedding on July 16.
Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck got married in Las Vegas
The couple dated in the early 2000s before rekindling their romance last year.
Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck get married in Las Vegas, pop star confirms
Pop star described wedding in her fan newsletter and called it the 'Best night of our lives.'
'Bennifer' tie the knot in Las Vegas - reports
Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez marry in Las Vegas, 17 years after ending their first engagement.
Jennifer Lopez And Ben Affleck Wed In Las Vegas Drive-Through
A marriage license filing showed that Lopez plans to take the name Jennifer Affleck.
Jennifer Lopez And Ben Affleck Obtain Wedding License In Nevada
A marriage license is not proof of marriage.
Jennifer Lopez, Ben Affleck obtain wedding license in Las Vegas
Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck were wed in a small ceremony Saturday in Las Vegas, culminating a relationship that stretched over two decades in two separate romances and countless tabloid covers.
Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck were wed Saturday in a late-night Las Vegas drive-through chapel, culminating a relationship that stretched over two decades in two separate romances and headlined countless tabloid covers. Lopez initially made their engagement public in April on the same newsletter, "On the J Lo." Lopez wrote that the couple flew to Las Vegas on Saturday, stood in line for their license with four other couples and were wed just after midnight at the Little White Chape l, a chapel boasting a drive-through "tunnel of love."
Video captures car crashing into utility pole and street light
A car crashed into a utility pole and street light along a residential street in the San Pedro neighborhood of Los Angeles on June 27, with the dramatic incident captured on home security camera.
Ben Affleck's 10-Year-Old Son Drives Lamborghini Rental Into Parked Car
No harm done, said the dealer after viral video showed young Samuel Affleck, his famous father and Jennifer Lopez in their misadventure.
Hollywood's Latest Cycling Flub Involves Ben Affleck and a Gravel Bike
'Deep Water' marks the first time a gravel bike has appeared in a major motion picture. Well, a motion picture, anyway.
outsideonline.com
Take a look at ARod's alleged new squeeze in Miami. Ex baller definitely has a type
Has ARod moved on?
Actor James Hong becomes oldest performer to receive Hollywood Walk of Fame star
Actor James Hong has appeared in nearly 700 movies and television shows over the course of his 70-year career. But many people don't know his name. Marci Gonzalez has the story of the prolific entertainer who was honored this week as the oldest performer to ever receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Met Gala: Kardashian as Monroe, a gilded Blake Lively
Kim Kardashian shut down the Met Gala red carpet Monday in one of Marilyn Monroe's most iconic dresses.
Ben Affleck Shut Down "Selling Sunset" Star Emma Hernan After She Claimed That She Matched With Him On Raya Right Before He Got Back Together With Jennifer Lopez
*Dakota Johnson voice* Actually, no, that's not the truth, Emma.View Entire Post ›
Jennifer Lopez doc 'Halftime' to open Tribeca Festival
A Netflix documentary about Jennifer Lopez titled "Halftime" will kick off the 21st Tribeca Festival.
How Jennifer Garner REALLY Feels About Bennifer's Engagement
Ben Affleck's ex-wife and mother of his children Jennifer Garner reacts to his and Jennifer Lopez's 2nd engagement. Get the details!
Ben Affleck And Jennifer Lopez Are Engaged ... Again
Lopez and Affleck rekindled their romance 17 years after they broke off their engagement in 2004.
Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez are engaged — again
The celebrity couple are giving commitment another chance after rekindling their romance last year. Lopez shared the news in a video message in her newsletter.
Jennifer Lopez posts 'special story,' an engagement ring
Jennifer Lopez has an engagement ring on her finger, and Ben Affleck may be the one who put it there.
Jennifer Lopez & Ben Affleck Are ENGAGED
Jennifer Lopez announces her engagement to Ben Affleck in a video posted to her website. Watch J.Lo share the "exciting and special" moment with fans!
'The Flash' actor Ezra Miller arrested at Hawaii karaoke bar
An actor known for playing "The Flash" in "Justice League" films was arrested at a Hawaii karaoke bar.
HED: 10 Celebs Turning 50 This Year
Stars like Sofia Vergara, Jennifer Garner and Dwayne The Rock Johnson are turning the big 5-0 in 2022.
The Thriller Is Sexy Again in Ben Affleck's Deep Water
The director Adrian Lyne's first film in 20 years represents a comeback for the type of sultry, adult drama that used to pack theaters.
theatlantic.com
New this week: 'Deep Water,' Charli XCX and 'WeCrashed'
This week's new entertainment releases include a Charli XCX album release, an erotic thriller on Hulu starring Ben Affleck and Ana de Armas, and a series about the rise and fall of the business WeWork, which promoted the concept of shared workspaces.
Every actor who's played Batman, ranked from worst to best — including Robert Pattinson
From Adam West, to Michael Keaton, and Robert Pattinson, here is where they all rank as the greatest Dark Knight.
Best Batman actors ranked, from Robert Pattinson to Michael Keaton
Robert Pattinson makes his superhero debut in "The Batman." How does he stack up against Michael Keaton, Christian Bale, Ben Affleck and others?
'CODA' takes top honors at SAG Awards, Will Smith wins
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Odell Beckham Jr threw his gloves to Kanye West and his kids ahead of the Super Bowl
The "Gold Digger" singer — who was wearing a black mask that covered his entire head — shared a video of the special moment on his Instagram story.
Ben Affleck says 'Armageddon' team 'made me fix my teeth' and 'be sexy' for film: 'I was a little naïve'
Ben Affleck says director Michael Bay and producer Jerry Bruckheimer made him focus on aesthetics before appearing in the blockbuster film.
Will Smith, Lady Gaga, Ben Affleck score SAG nominations
Will Smith, Lady Gaga and Ben Affleck landed individual nominations for the 28th Screen Actors Guild Awards on Wednesday, while the casts of "Belfast" and "CODA" were among those nominated for the guild's top award, best ensemble.
Ben Affleck says he ruled out a run for Congress in Massachusetts because Rep. Ayanna Pressley 'would have cleaned my clock'
Affleck said he ultimately never ran because he didn't want to be "glad-handing, begging for money, and being beholden to people."
Golden Globe Awards carry on, without stars or a telecast
Even though NBC dropped the 2022 Golden Globe Awards, the embattled Hollywood Foreign Press Association proceeded with its 79th edition Sunday night without a telecast, nominees, a red carpet, a host, press or even a livestream.
The dog days of winter
The cold may be "ruff," but if you need something to warm your soul, watching a lot of adorable pups playing in the snow may be just what you need.
Britney, Bennifer, Beatles and Broadway: Pop culture in 2021
It's never easy to define a year in pop culture, especially in a rollercoaster year like 2021, when we were up and down again, and again, and again.
Grammys release inclusion requirement to ensure diverse show
The Grammys will stick to its word with the public release of the full inclusion rider to ensure equity and inclusion in hiring on all levels of production for next year's ceremony.
'Halloween Kills' carves out $50.4 million at box office
"Halloween Kills" may be available to watch at home, but the latest installment in the Michael Myers saga is making a killing at the North American box office in its first weekend in theaters.
One last 'Keeper of the Lost Cities' scheduled for 2023
Author Shannon Messenger can now see the end for her telepathic heroine Sophie and the million-selling middle-grade series "Keeper of the Lost Cities.".
'Notting Hill,' 'The Duke' director Roger Michell dies at 65
British director Roger Michell has died at age 65.
Ben Affleck, Jennifer Lopez make romance official in Venice
After weeks of smooching on yachts and holding hands on intimate walks, Jennifer Lopez and old flame turned new again Ben Affleck made it official Friday night.
Grammy Awards to adopt inclusion rider for 2022 ceremony
The Grammy Awards are taking an important step toward making the annual show more diverse.
Real-life Bennifers find happy endings after years apart
If PDA were an Olympic sport, Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck would be champs.
'Spencer,' 'The Last Duel' set for Venice Film Festival
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'Gone Girl' actor in critical condition after hit-and-run
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Vax Live concert raises $302 million, exceeds vaccine goal
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Harry and Meghan to lead 'Vax Live' fundraising concert
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New this week: 'Justice League,' 'Country Comfort' & scandal
This combination of photos shows promotional art for the Netflix series Country Comfort, debuting on Friday, left, "Zack Snyders Justice League," premiering March 18, center, and Operation Varsity Blues, a documentary about the college admissions scandal, premiering March 17 on Netflix. (Netflix/HBO Max/Netflix via AP)Here's a collection curated by The Associated Press' entertainment journalists of what's arriving on TV, streaming services and music platforms this week. MOVIES— Four years after "Justice League" underwhelmed both critics and audiences, filmmaker Zack Snyder has come back to finish what he started. — Loretta Lynn's new album is a celebration of women in country music and it features collaborations with Tanya Tucker, Carrie Underwood, Reba McEntire and Margo Price. — Katherine McPhee, of TV's "American Idol" and "Smash," plays an aspiring country singer, Bailey, who's suffered career and personal setbacks in the Netflix series "Country Comfort," debuting Friday.
Disney delays 'Black Widow,' Spielberg's 'West Side Story'
NEW YORK – The Walt Disney Co. has further postponed its next mega-movies from Marvel, including "Black Widow," while also postponing Steven Spielberg's "West Side Story" a full year in the company's latest recalibration due to the pandemic. The Scarlett Johansson Marvel movie "Black Widow," last set for Nov. 6, heads to May 7 of next year. That was the date set for "West Side Story," but Spielberg's musical will instead debut in December 2021. Given the interconnected nature of Marvel releases, the latest delay of "Black Widow" had a domino effect on other films. Since the pandemic began, the company's "Mulan," "Hamilton" and "Artemis Fowl" have gone direct to streaming, with "Mulan" made available for a $30 premium purchase by subscribers.
On this day: August 15
1972: Actor and film director Ben Affleck is born Benjamin Gza Affleck-Boldt in Berkeley, California. He found fame after writing and starring in the movie "Good Will Hunting" along with Matt Damon, with the pair earning an Academy Award for the film's screenplay. As an actor, he's gone on to star in movies such as "Chasing Amy," "Armageddon," "Pearl Harbor" and "Daredevil." He's also directed the movies "Gone Baby Gone," "The Town" and "Argo," the last of which won him the Golden Globe Award, BAFTA, and Directors Guild Award for Best Director, and the Golden Globe Award, BAFTA, the Producers Guild Award, and the Academy Award for Best Picture. Hide Caption


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2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade
2nd Canadian Tank Brigade
Formation patch worn by the members of the Brigade
First Canadian Army
British Second Army
Le Mesnil
Major-General George Pearkes
VC PC CC CB DSO MC CD
(February 28, 1888 - May 30, 1984)
The 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade was an armoured brigade of the Canadian Army that saw active service during World War II. The brigade was composed of the 6th, 10th and 27th Canadian Armoured regiments and saw service in northwest Europe, landing in Normandy on D-Day and remaining in combat up to Victory in Europe Day.
The formation sign used to identify the tanks and other vehicles of the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade.
2 Formation
3 European deployments
3.1 United Kingdom
3.2 D-Day
Soon after 3rd Canadian Tank Brigade assumed the designation in summer 1943 of the original 2nd Canadian Tank Brigade, the new 2nd Tank was redesignated and reorganized as 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade. Although reorganized as an armoured brigade, no motor battalion served under its command. The brigade was assigned to the British 2nd Army in January 1944 to train for the upcoming amphibious assault in Normandy.
This formation rarely fought as an entity. Its primary role was infantry support and thus its regiments were usually individually tasked out to infantry units to participate in particular operations. One of the occasions when the Brigade did undertake an operation on its own, the Battle of Le Mesnil-Patry on 11 June 1944, ended with only a partial success and severe losses to the Canadians.
Following the landing in Normandy, the brigade fought at Caen, advanced across France and Belgium, and took part in operations in the Netherlands and Germany while supporting operations of the Canadian 1st Army and the British 2nd Army.
Formation[edit]
6th Armoured Regiment (1st Hussars)
10th Armoured Regiment (The Fort Garry Horse)
27th Armoured Regiment (The Sherbrooke Fusilier Regiment)
"C" Squadron, 25th Armoured Delivery Regiment (The Elgin Regiment)[1]
Formed as the 2nd Canadian Army Tank Brigade on 26 January 1942, this formation consisted of the 24th Army Tank Battalion (Les Voltigeurs de Québec) (replaced in June 1942 by the 20th Army Tank Regiment (16/22 Saskatchewan Horse)), 23rd Army Tank Battalion (The Halifax Rifles), and the 26th Army Tank Battalion (The Grey and Simcoe Foresters). Equipped with Ram II tanks, in the autumn of 1942 the brigade trained at the newly opened Meaford AFV range on Georgian Bay where the Halifax Rifles had the honour of conducting the first field exercise.
European deployments[edit]
In June 1943 the brigade was dispatched to the United Kingdom. The following month came an intensive inspection of the units of this brigade and of the 3rd Canadian Army Tank Brigade by Lieutenant-General Harry Crerar, the commander of I Canadian Corps. The purpose of the inspection was to determine which of the two brigades would remain on the order of battle since there was only room for one such formation.[2] The brigade chosen was the 3rd: The 1st Hussars, The Fort Garry Horse, and The Sherbrooke Fusilier Regiment.
The 3rd Canadian Army Tank Brigade was raised on 1 January 1943 following a reorganization of the Canadian Armoured Corps in Britain. It adopted the designation 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade (2 CAB) after it was selected by Lieutenant-General Crerar to remain on the order of battle. In August 1943 it was selected to be part of the D-Day invasion force in support of the units of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division.[3]
D-Day[edit]
The brigade's three regiments landed in Normandy on D-Day, 6 June 1944. Unlike their peers in the 4th Canadian Armoured Brigade, who were usually paired with their division's 10th Canadian Infantry Brigade, the 2nd was paired with any infantry who were in need of armour support.
On 31 July 1945, following a series of battles with heavy infantry losses, Canadian General Guy Simonds ordered the creation of an armoured carrier regiment and the modification of underused American-made M7 Priest self-propelled guns. The 1st Canadian Armoured Carrier squadron was formed, and administered as a squadron of 25th Armoured Delivery Regiment until October 19, 1944, when the squadron was converted to a regiment.[4]
This formation rarely fought as an entity. Its primary role was infantry support and thus its regiments were usually individually tasked out to infantry units to participate in particular operations. One of the occasions when the Brigade did undertake an operation on its own, Le Mesnil-Patry / Rots on 11 June 1944, ended with only a partial success and severe losses to the Canadians. 2 CAB fought in the North West Europe Campaign, longer than any other armoured formation, from D-Day to V-E Day, suffering 435 fatal casualties in total. Two of the brigade's tanks, Holy Roller of the 1st Hussars,[5] and Bomb of the Sherbrooke Fusilier Regiment, fought continuously from D-Day to the end of the war, the only Canadian tanks to fight unscathed across Northwest Europe. Holy Roller remains the memorial of the Hussars in London, Ontario, and Bomb is preserved today at the Armoury of the Sherbrooke Hussars in Sherbrooke, Quebec.[6]
Canada portal
Royal Canadian Armoured Corps
^ "31 Combat Engineer Regiment (The Elgin's)". Official Lineages Volume 3, Part 1: Armour, Artillery and Field Engineer Regiments – Engineer Regiments and Squadrons. Directorate of History and Heritage. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
^ https://servicepub.wordpress.com/2014/12/02/the-evolution-of-the-reconstituted-2nd-canadian-armoured-brigade-independent-1943/
^ "2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade". Canadian War Museum. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
^ http://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&context=cmh
^ McNorgan, Michael (2004). The Gallant Hussars. 1st Hussars Cavalry Fund. ISBN 0969465912.
^ Sandy MacDonald , "Lieuts Walter White, Ernest Mingo and Bomb", Sunday Daily News, November 11, 2001
Marteinson, J.K. and McNorgan, Michael. (2000). The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps: An Illustrated History. Kitchener: Robin Brass.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_Canadian_Armoured_Brigade&oldid=924564137"
Canadian World War II brigades
Armoured brigades of Canada
Military units and formations of Canada in World War II
This page was last edited on 4 November 2019, at 16:45 (UTC).


Even if new gun control rules clear the senate, they face a serious challenge in the Republican-led House.
The US Senate has cleared the way for a long debate on proposals to curb gun violence, rejecting an effort by conservative Republicans to block consideration of gun-control legislation prompted by December's Newtown school massacre.
The Senate voted 68-31 on Thursday to open debate on President Barack Obama's proposals to expand background checks for gun buyers, tighten restrictions on gun trafficking and increase funding for school security.
The Senate easily cleared the 60-vote hurdle needed to break a Republican filibuster on a bill that has sparked intense lobbying on both sides, including families of the Connecticut victims as well as the powerful gun lobby the National Rifle Association.
"The hard work starts now," Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, a Democrat, said after the procedural vote to open debate, which won the support of 16 Republicans.
Al Jazeera's Kimberly Halkett, reporting from Washington DC, said while the senate vote was a "significant victory for gun-control advocates", 30 hours of debate still lay ahead.
"And it's not a continuous clock - which means it could be days, it could be weeks, likely, before we see a vote in the senate on the gun control bill.
"Now, at the same time, Republicans are vowing to continue to try draw this out as much as they can to try and rally support and get votes against this. So there still is a long way for this to go."
Twenty-nine Republicans and two Democrats voted to block the gun-control debate.
The Democrats were Mark Pryor of Arkansas and Mark Begich of Alaska, who face tough re-election campaigns next year in conservative, gun-friendly states.
The legislation still faces many hurdles, including a weeks-long debate in the Senate featuring many amendments that could make the bill unacceptable to senators who now support it.
And if it clears the Senate, it would face a tough reception in the Republican-led House of Representatives.
No major gun legislation has passed the US Congress since 1994.
The vote to proceed with the bill came a day after a compromise agreement on background checks between prominent defenders of gun rights from each party - Democrat Joe Manchin of West Virginia and Republican Patrick Toomey of Pennsylvania.
That agreement to expand criminal background checks of gun buyers to include commercial sales made at gun shows and online was expected to boost bipartisan Senate support for the measure.
Reid said the expanded background checks, a provision that polls show has the support of up to 90 percent of Americans, will be the first amendment offered in debate.
Obama is unlikely to get some elements of gun control that he has advocated, including a ban on rapid-firing "assault" weapons like the one used in Connecticut and limits on the capacity of ammunition magazines.
Reid said amendments to add those provisions to the bill also would be considered by the Senate. Both amendments appear to have a slim chance of winning on the Senate floor.
Obama has called the Newtown tragedy- a shooting incident at a Connecticut school which left 20 children and six adults dead - the worst day of his presidency and has made passage of legislation to curb gun violence one of his top domestic policy priorities.
He has given recent speeches trying to build public support for gun control, including an appearance last week in Colorado, scene of two of the deadliest gun massacres in American history, and in Connecticut on Monday.
Some family members of Newtown victims flew to Washington DC from Connecticut on Obama's Air Force One jet to press senators to move forward on gun legislation.


Where a judge in holding a colloquy with a defendant to determine whether the defendant's waiver of a jury trial was made voluntarily and intelligently failed to explore the defendant's awareness of the fundamental distinctions between bench and jury trials, this court held that the defendant was entitled to a new trial before a jury. [218-219] CUTTER, J., dissenting.
INDICTMENTS found and returned in the Superior Court on June 9, 1978.
The cases were heard by Larkin, J., a District Court judge sitting under statutory authority.
Ronald Ian Segal for the defendant.
Jeffrey B. Abramson, Assistant District Attorney, for the Commonwealth.
her by the trial judge concerning waiver of trial by jury was deficient; (4) that certain evidence was erroneously admitted to her prejudice; and (5) that the Commonwealth's undisclosed order for daily transcripts hampered her ability to cross-examine witnesses.
On the third point a majority of the panel conclude that there was error and that a new trial before a jury is necessary. On all the other points the members of the panel are in agreement.
We shall refer to certain evidence and courtroom procedures as they become relevant to our discussion. We preface that discussion, by way of orientation, by noting that the judge had before him evidence from which he could have concluded the following. At approximately 7:15 A.M. on January 9, 1978, Winchester police Sergeant Francis Manzi, responding to a radio call reporting a fire, arrived at the defendant's house at 10 Wellington Road. He kicked open the locked front door, quickly ascertained that no one was in the house, and observed smoke. No flames were seen. An electric oven in the kitchen had been turned on and the rear door had been shut but not locked. There was no sign of forced entry. Firefighters arrived shortly thereafter and discovered in a hallway a fire, which they determined to be of "suspicious origin." The defendant arrived at the house in her pink Cadillac automobile ("the only one of its kind in Winchester," according to Sergeant Manzi) soon thereafter, accompanied by Leslie Surrette, who resided there with her. The defendant appeared visibly upset. Later that morning the fire chief asked her to come to the station to discuss the incident. The defendant expressed reluctance, explaining that she was tired and had been out all night. She eventually agreed to meet with the chief. At that meeting (held at approximately 9:00 A.M. on the day of the fire, and also attended by Surrette and one of the defendant's sons), the defendant was abusive to police representatives and indicated that she would not answer their questions.
that she was not making headway with her insurance company on a settlement. On January 12, 1978, three days after the fire, the defendant, accompanied by Surrette, appeared in the Burlington offices of her insurer, where she was loud and boisterous and complained of having no money and no place to stay. She said she was sleeping in her car and attempted (without success) to obtain an advance on insurance proceeds.
On January 29, a second fire broke out at 10 Wellington Road. Approximately one hour before the fire department arrived the defendant's distinctive pink Cadillac was observed in front of the house. The trunk of the vehicle was open and a bulky garbage bag was seen on the street behind the car. The garage door was open. Surrette had been seen leaving the house at some time on that day. Firefighters and police officers who responded discovered a fire burning in a basement playroom. In an upstairs closet they found a piece of clothing smelling of kerosene, on top of which was a candle over which had been placed a cardboard tube pierced with unlit matches. A second article of clothing smelling of kerosene was discovered in the garage. On January 30, 1978, the day after this fire, the defendant called the fire chief and inquired about the investigation of the first fire. The chief informed her of the fire of the preceding day and the defendant sounded surprised. On this date the defendant stated that she had no set address and was moving around from one motel to another.
help out Surrette. The defendant inquired of the landlord if personal property could be moved in prior to December 15. Beginning Christmas morning, the defendant and Surrette were seen moving items into the apartment. This activity took place over a period of approximately one week, always during early morning hours.
On February 1, 1978, there was a fire in the Malden apartment house. An upstairs tenant discovered the fire and warned Surrette, the defendant and a young man (apparently the defendant's son), who were asleep in the apartment. After the fire, Surrette told a fire fighter that his name was "Wesley Lanete." The landlord's daughter overheard this and called to Surrette's attention the discrepancy between this name and the one on the rental application ("Lester Surrette"). Both Surrette and the defendant told her that the name on the application was a mistake. The defendant refused to identify herself to fire fighters, and Surrette later told a police officer, in the defendant's presence, that her name was "Dorothy Marrota." The defendant did not correct this misinformation. On the day of the fire there, the Malden apartment was furnished with several pieces of heavy furniture and contained a number of boxes of personal effects.
At the time of the January fires the defendant had two mortgages on the Wellington Road property and was several months behind on her payments. In December, 1977, she had arranged to have the insurance coverage on the house increased by some $15,000 after a discussion with her insurance agent concerning the adequacy of her coverage.
1. The motion for required findings of not guilty. The defendant argues that in four particular respects the evidence was insufficient to support convictions, necessitating required findings of not guilty which, on proper motion, see Mass.R.Crim.P. 25(a), 378 Mass. 896 (1979), were denied by the trial judge. We address these claims in order.
by means of "a liquid accelerant of unknown identity . . . used along with ignition by means of an open flame or match" and that since the evidence introduced was insufficient to satisfy this burden, directed findings were required. We disagree.
"General Laws c. 277, Section 35, provides that a variance between the allegations and proof shall not be a ground for the defendant's acquittal `if the essential elements of the crime are correctly stated, unless he is thereby prejudiced in his defence.'" Commonwealth v. Day, 387 Mass. 915, 922 (1983). The defendant does not contend that the essential elements of arson have not been alleged. Nor does she claim that any variance between the particulars and the proof at trial had the effect of prejudicing her defense. She asserts that the evidence was not of sufficient weight to warrant a finding that liquid accelerants were used in fires ignited by a match or open flame. Neither the use of accelerants nor any particular method of ignition is an essential element of arson. At trial, the defense did not contend that the fires were accidental, claiming instead that they were set by someone "out to get" either her or Surrette. Thus, even if we accept the defendant's contention that proof of the use of liquid accelerants as alleged in the particulars was lacking, that failure of proof must be seen as relative only to a collateral issue and not prejudicial to the defense in any way. [Note 3] See Commonwealth v. Conceicao, 10 Mass. App. Ct. 899 (1980). See also Commonwealth v. Atkinson, 15 Mass. App. Ct. 200, 202-203 (1983).
building adjoining or adjacent to a dwelling house, or a building by the burning whereof a dwelling house is burned." No evidence was introduced as to whether 10 Wellington Road was adjacent to or adjoined any dwelling house. The fires were totally contained within the structure itself. As a consequence, a conviction under G. L. c. 266, Section 1, would require evidence to warrant a finding that the house was a dwelling house. The defendant asserts that the evidence requires the conclusion that as a result of the damage caused by the first fire the structure had ceased to be a dwelling house, thereby precluding her conviction under G. L. c. 266, Section 1, for the second fire on January 29. The assertion has merit.
The words "dwelling house" are defined by the statute as including "all buildings used as dwellings such as apartment houses, tenement houses, . . . or other buildings where persons are domiciled." It is not necessary to prove actual occupancy. There must, however, at least be proof that the structure in issue is capable of being occupied as a dwelling and domicil. The Commonwealth's case contains unrebutted evidence, in the form of both contemporaneous written reports admitted as exhibits and the testimony of several disinterested witnesses, that the defendant's house was rendered "uninhabitable" by the January 9 fire, apparently because of heavy smoke and soot damage. The only other evidence on this issue concerned the presence in the house of certain pieces of furniture, appliances and clothing, which had been exposed to the same damaging elements. No witness testified that the house was habitable after the first fire, and there was nothing of substance in the circumstantial evidence or elsewhere which would give rise to such an inference. We recognize that in virtually every case the question whether a building is in fact a "dwelling" is one for the fact finder. See and compare Commonwealth v. Murphy, 1 Mass. App. Ct. 71, 75 (1973) (unoccupied building found to be dwelling on basis of facts). Nevertheless, after reviewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth under the relevant standard, see Commonwealth v.
c. Proof of direct participation or joint venture. The defendant argues that there was insufficient evidence to connect her to acts of arson either as a direct participant or on a joint venture theory. We do not agree.
General Laws c. 266, Sections 1 and 10, do not differentiate between those who wilfully and maliciously set fire to, burn or cause the burning of the subject building and those who aid, counsel or procure the burning. A finding of guilty of arson can be predicated upon a finding that the defendant either directly participated in the burning or aided, counseled or procured another to do it, even though the fact finder may not be able to determine which type of misconduct actually occurred. Put another way: it is enough to support a conviction if it can be determined, beyond a reasonable doubt, that one of these forms of misconduct must have occurred, although the fact finder cannot say with certainty which one.
that the inferences be unescapable or necessary; it is enough if they are not too remote according to the usual course of events, and if all the circumstances including inferences are of sufficient force to bring minds of ordinary intelligence and sagacity to the persuasion of incendiarism beyond a reasonable doubt." Commonwealth v. Cooper, 264 Mass. 368, 373 (1928). Here, the defendant and Surrette were seen, driving in the defendant's distinctive automobile, in the vicinity of the house at 1:45 A.M., 3:00 A.M. and 7:00 A.M. on the day of the first fire. It could be inferred that when seen at 7:00 A.M. they were on their way to the fire station where Surrette reported the fire. There was testimony that the fire could have started about the time when the defendant and Surrette were seen in the neighborhood earlier. There was expert testimony that liquid accelerants had caused the fire to build to a high intensity soon after ignition. This caused the fire to quickly consume all of the oxygen available to support combustion in the closed building, after which it smoldered until the fire department arrived. It could be inferred that the defendant and Surrette decided to report the fire themselves after it became apparent from their observation of the house that the fire had not developed in such a way as to call the attention of others to it. The judge could have disbelieved the defendant's claim (in a statement given to an insurance adjuster) that she was not in the area when the fire started, accepting as true Sergeant Manzi's testimony of first-hand observations of the defendant in Winchester at relevant times.
fire shortly before it broke out, and Surrette was seen leaving the premises on that day. The judge could infer that it was not a coincidence that the defendant, whose whereabouts were unknown to fire officials, called the Winchester fire chief on the day after the second fire, conveniently allowing the chief a timely opportunity to inform her of the new damage.
Finally, there is the matter of the Malden apartment. It could be inferred that the apartment was rented to provide storage space for items which the defendant chose not to sacrifice to the intended fire in Winchester. It could also be found that the defendant and Surrette were living there during the period in January when the defendant was telling fire officials and insurance personnel that she had no set address and was moving around. Her refusal to divulge her name to police after the Malden fire and her silence upon Surrette's statement to police that her name was "Dorothy Marrota" represent some evidence of consciousness of guilt. See Commonwealth v. Fancy, 349 Mass. 196, 201 (1965). In sum, a sufficient "chain of circumstances" -- composed of evidence of motive, opportunity, control of the premises, increase in insurance, concealment and misleading statements -- was forged, allowing the judge to find that the defendant, Surrette (the latter acting at her request and with her aid and counsel), or both, willfully and maliciously set the fires. See Commonwealth v. Mathews, 10 Mass. App. Ct. 888, 889 (1980). Given the scope of the arson statutes, we reject the notion, suggested by the defendant, that this analysis improperly superimposes a conspiracy or accessory theory of criminal liability on a case brought under indictments charging her as a principal. The culpable conduct which could have been permissibly inferred from the evidence here is encompassed within the definition of the substantive offenses.
2. Waiver of jury trial. The defendant contends that the colloquy conducted with her by the trial judge with respect to her waiver of trial by jury failed to meet the standards established in Ciummei v. Commonwealth, 378 Mass. 504 (1979), and that as a result the record does not reflect a voluntary, knowing and intelligent waiver of that right. A majority of the panel conclude that the argument has merit.
The colloquy, which we have set out in the margin, [Note 6] reflects (with more intensity) the same shortcomings as the colloquy in Commonwealth v. Schofield, ante 199, 200-201 (1983), also decided this day. Since analysis of the defect would replicate the detailed discussion in Schofield, there is no need to repeat ourselves here. It is sufficient to note our conclusion that the colloquy did not satisfactorily explore the defendant's awareness of the fundamental distinctions between bench and jury trials and thereby failed to furnish the judge with an adequate foundation in fact upon which to base a decision that the defendant's waiver was sufficiently informed. Nothing in the record suggests that at the time of the colloquy the defendant had acquired the requisite information independently. See Schofield, ante at 205 n.5. The defendant must as a consequence be given a new trial before a jury on the three remaining charges. See Commonwealth v. Thompson, 15 Mass. App. Ct. 974 (1983); Commonwealth v. Abreu, 15 Mass. App. Ct. 1006 (1983); Commonwealth v. Schofield, ante at 205.
3. Retrial. Reversal on Ciummei grounds obviates the need to discuss the denial of the defendant's motion for continuance on the day of trial since the issue is unlikely to arise again at retrial.
The defendant has raised four other issues, however, which might recur below; we therefore decide them now in the interest of expediency.
in Malden on the ground that any joint criminal undertaking had been completed by that time (after the second fire at the defendant's house). As a consequence the defendant argues that Surrette's statements are inadmissible against her as a joint venturer. See Commonwealth v. White, 370 Mass. 703, 710 (1976). The judge could have found, however, that the rental and use of the Malden apartment was an integral and ongoing part of the joint scheme and that Surrette's statements were an attempt to conceal his and the defendant's connection with the apartment in an effort to avoid the inferences of guilt which would flow from that connection. It could also be inferred that the defendant acquiesced in Surrette's misstatement of her name. All of this demonstrates the existence of a continuing joint venture to cover up the crime, a fact which would render the declarations of one coventurer properly admissible against the other. Commonwealth v. Simpson, 370 Mass. 119, 122 (1976). Commonwealth v. White, supra at 709 n.8. Since the statements were made in this context, introduced through witnesses subject to cross-examination and admitted against the defendant by reason of the rule of evidence just referred to (and for the purpose of showing that they were made rather than that they were true), the defendant's further contention that the statements involve the sort of problem discussed in Bruton v. United States, 391 U.S. 123 (1968), fails. See Dutton v. Evans, 400 U.S. 74, 81-83, 86-88 (1970); Commonwealth v. McLaughlin, 364 Mass. 211, 220 (1973).
b. The defendant objected on hearsay grounds to the admission of a police report, prepared by Officer Dukeman of the Malden police department, concerning the Malden incident. The report refers to the occupants of the apartment as "Wesley Lanete and Dorothy Marrota" (apparently identifying another tenant as the source of this information). Since it is the fact of the statements of identity rather than their truthfulness which is in issue, the evidence is not vulnerable to attack on hearsay grounds. It may be admitted at retrial.
c. We believe that the statement of Carmine Fuccillo to Winchester police Officer McGee concerning the January 29 fire should be excluded if offered through Officer McGee or his written report at retrial. The evidence may be obtained by the direct testimony of Fuccillo.
d. The defendant asserts that on the sixth day of trial she discovered that the district attorney had ordered a daily transcript of the testimony without disclosing this fact to the judge or defense counsel. As a result, it appears that the record of testimony taken in the court's morning sessions was being transcribed and was physically unavailable during the afternoon sessions. The claim is that this arrangement hindered defense counsel's efforts to cross-examine witnesses about inconsistencies in their testimony.
General Laws c. 221, Section 88, as appearing in St. 1978, c. 478, Section 254, governs transcripts of reporter's notes and does not appear to require that notice be furnished either to the court or to opposing counsel when the Commonwealth or the defendant orders daily transcripts. [Note 7] However, where daily transcripts require the removal of portions of the record of testimony from the courtroom while testimony is being taken, it is conceivable that the difficulties claimed by the defendant could occur, with possible prejudice to the conduct of cross-examination in general and impeachment in particular. We think the judge should be notified in advance of trial, or as soon as practicable, of either party's intention to order daily transcripts. Upon that notice, if problems similar to those alleged appear likely to arise, the judge may wish to direct counsel to reach agreement in advance as to when and what portions of the record may be sent out for transcription.
on the first count of that indictment and on both counts of indictment no. 78-2513 are reversed and the findings thereon are set aside. The defendant is to be retried on these three charges before a jury. See Commonwealth v. Schofield, ante at 206 n.7.
CUTTER, J. (dissenting). I dissent (on the issue of the adequacy of the colloquy on the waiver of jury trial) for substantially the reasons stated in my dissent in Commonwealth v. Schofield, ante at 206. Here the jury waiver colloquy by the trial judge was not as extended as in the Schofield case. It is an understatement to say that Mrs. DeStefano's defense trial counsel was no novice in criminal litigation. The trial judge (here also with an academic background) brought out that the defendant had been advised by her counsel. I see no reason for any second guessing by the trial judge about the trial tactics of proceeding without a jury, doubtless carefully considered by Mrs. DeStefano's experienced counsel and discussed fully with his client.
[Note 1] Conspiracy charges arising out of the same incidents were dismissed.
[Note 2] The rental application was signed "Lester Surrette."
[Note 3] Moreover, based on our review of the evidence, we are of opinion that the Commonwealth's evidence was sufficient to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that both fires involved liquid accelerants and ignition by match or open flame. The defendant's argument to the contrary goes to the weight which should be accorded certain testimony -- a question which, in each instance, could reasonably have been resolved against her by the judge as finder of fact.
[Note 4] This does not leave the Commonwealth without a remedy in a case like this. A defendant who attempts to complete the burning of a dwelling rendered uninhabitable as the result of a prior arson can be indicted under G. L. c. 266, Section 2, for burning of a building. Indeed, the defendant may now be indicted for that crime if the prosecutor chooses. The elements of G. L. c. 266, Section 1, and Section 2, are materially different so that a defendant's acquittal on the former will not preclude prosecution on the latter. See Salemme v. Commonwealth, 370 Mass. 421, 423 (1976); Commonwealth v. Jones, 382 Mass. 387, 393 (1981).
[Note 5] The conviction on the count of this indictment premised on the January 29 fire is unaffected by our reversal of the arson conviction under G. L. c. 266, Section 1, arising out of the same incident because the statute dealing with burning property with intent to defraud an insurer, G. L. c. 266, Section 10, is not limited in its operation to burnings of dwelling houses.
THE COURT: "Mrs. DeStefano, I just wanted to inquire now. You are going to proceed to a trial without a jury. You've conferred with [your attorney] on that and this is your decision?"
THE COURT: "And you know that by proceeding for trial before the judge instead of by jury you give up the right to have the ultimate guilt or innocence determined by a jury of your peers. You understand that?"
THE COURT: "And you are doing this voluntarily?"
[Note 7] The Superior Court Regulations Governing Court Reporters (1973) also do not address the matter.


text:
Work space for the start-up generation
By Joseph Bradfield
Wednesday 27th February
What keeps us pushing forward is being around other people who are going through a similar journey, creating something, making something happen
Working space at Sussex Innovation Centre, Croydon
The Women in Leadership report
"Start-up businesses tend to be unpredictable!" says Mike Herd, Executive Director of Sussex Innovation. "Growth almost never happens in a straight line, so we try to keep our office space as flexible as we can and ensure that our members always have a suitable space for their needs."
Uniqodo is a software company that helps retailers to add advanced promotional code features to their eCommerce stores. In many respects the business is a model Sussex Innovation tenant. They moved into a small four-person office at Sussex Innovation Croydon in early 2016, and have rapidly grown over the intervening three years, becoming a big part of the community within the hub and taking advantage of the full range of support on offer.
"We're just about to switch offices for the second time since moving in here," says co-founder and CEO, Chris Giddins. Our new rooms are right next door to our current space, two of the largest rooms in the building. We plan to fill them fairly quickly – we're hoping that we will have twenty staff by the end of the year.
"Sussex Innovation has offered us a bit of everything we need. We've brought talented young people into the team through their Catalyst programme, and worked closely with several of their in-house support team, who are the kind of asset that you wouldn't get in a serviced office. What really attracted me in the first place though - and keeps us pushing forward - is being around other people who are going through a similar journey, creating something, making something happen."
Sussex Innovation's goal is to help innovative start-ups like Uniqodo grow and create skilled jobs, supporting them through the growing pains of going from their first few staff up to 20-30 people. Once they have reached that sort of scale, most will start to look for their own premises and fly the nest.
"It's ironic that the better we do our job, the less money we make," says Mike Herd. "The more successful our members are, the bigger they get – so when they move out they tend to take a sizeable chunk of the rent revenue with them."
Uniqodo's new space became available after it was vacated by Focal, a company that builds video and audio tools for the residential sales and letting industry. Formerly known as Audio Agent, the business moved into its own dedicated space in December 2018.
Audio Agent moved their technology team into Sussex Innovation Croydon from an 'office only' rental space in the summer of 2016, looking for a more innovative and collaborative space to inspire new ideas.
"Because we were growing, and we were already one of the larger companies here when we arrived, we needed less hands-on support than other members," says co-founder and Technology Director, Matt Gates. "What was really great for us were the facilities and the flexibility – the willingness to sort things out for us whenever we spoke to anyone."
Last year, the business rebranded, moved their sales department into Croydon, acquired another company and made a huge number of new hires. Now, with nearly 120 staff, it was time to move everybody under one roof. The business retains a virtual membership with Sussex Innovation, giving it access to the networks and support available.
"Ironically, I've actually looked a lot more at the support since we've moved out!" says Matt. "We've commissioned an insight project from Sussex Innovation's research advisor, with market reports for the UK, Australia and the US. Our future strategy will be based on that, as it's some of the best data we can access."
As with this example, any vacant space will ideally be ready to be filled by the next up-and-coming start-up, each company growing and upscaling from room to room during their time as tenants. But maintaining a constant pipeline of businesses is a logistical challenge. Any new arrivals must be equally ambitious about their growth, as well as bringing something to the innovative community around them.
Justin Butler is the founder and MD of flood risk consultancy Ambiental, tenants at the organisation's site in Falmer for several years. He values this selective ethos, saying: "I wasn't really ever expecting to be interviewed to take rental space in an office, but I was encouraged by it. The things that are worth doing and worth having will take a bit of work, and you have to prove yourself."
With the start of the new year, Sussex Innovation has a range of vacant office space available at its sites in Sussex and Croydon. If you're an innovative, ambitious start-up looking to join an entrepreneurial community and scale your business, you can preview offices and arrange a visit at tiny.cc/sincspace.
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Our FAQ will give you the answers.
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Yes. Whether new or used: every piece of software is treated in the same way in terms of updates and maintenance. All the manufacturer's after-sales services are also available to you even when using used licences. A version entitled to an update also retains this status as used software. The secondary purchaser can therefore acquire the required updates from the manufacture in the same way as the original purchaser.
This results in further highly attractive potential savings for many users: a company can therefore, under certain conditions, procure licences for an older version eligible for an update cost-effectively on the second-hand market – and then purchase the corresponding updates from the manufacturers. The total cost is generally significantly lower than the price of the current full version.
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In practice, this means the following: If Microsoft sells several rights of use in a volume package, for instance with only one master CD, its right of distribution is nevertheless exhausted in relation to every individual licence. These licences may correspondingly also be resold individually, and not only in the form of the original package. With this judgement, the Court rejected the legal conception on the part of Microsoft, according to which the purchaser of a volume licence does not acquire individual licences but only a right of duplication.
Munich Regional Court (Landgericht) explicitly refers to the judgement by the Hamburg Regional Court, which in June 2006 had already declared the re-sale of individual Microsoft licences from volume licensing contracts to be admissible (File reference 315 O 343/06). In this ruling, the Regional Court of Hamburg decreed, inter alia, that Microsoft's argument was a clear rejection that the splitting-up of volume licences would not be possible owing to the more favourable conditions granted for them. This is, according to the ruling, "completely irrelevant … to the question of applying copyright exhaustion." In conclusion the Hamburg Court emphasised that the provisions in Microsoft's licensing conditions that restricted the resale were ineffective: the exhaustion relates to "mandatory law that cannot be contractually waived.
The prohibited splitting-up of licences raised in the ECJ's judgement dated 3 July 2012 refers only to the Oracle licences dealt with there. This was also confirmed by the Frankfurt Higher Regional Court's judgement on 18.12.2012 (File reference 11 U 68/11).
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No. Generally, licence resale does not require the approval of the developer, as he is generally not entitled to exert such kind of influence on a resale process. Therefore all clauses implying his approval are always ineffective. Again the reason is that a contractually imposed reservation of approval is neither compatible with the exhaustion rule nor with the owner's freedom of command.
Which countries allow the resale of used software licences?
Used software licences may be sold throughout the euro zone.
What does the Swiss law say about used software trade?
Furthermore the manufacturer's authorisation is definitively provided for with the first sale by the sale per se.


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