text:
A bloody boon for conservation
Ewen Callaway
Leeches provide traces of DNA from other species.
Scientists hope to find DNA from the rare saola in leeches from the antelope's expected range. Credit: WWF/AP
Bloodsucking leeches are offering the best hope of finding one of the world's rarest animals. The saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) was first described from skulls found in a Vietnamese forest reserve1, but the elusive antelope has rarely been seen alive. Little is known about its range or population, which probably numbers in the low hundreds.
Conservationists are now planning to trawl tropical leeches for saola DNA. Prompted by research published this week2 showing that the bloodsuckers can store DNA from their meals for several months, the saola search is at the vanguard of an approach to gauging biodiversity that could prove much more efficient than conventional methods. Rather than setting out camera traps, the idea is to collect and sequence DNA left in the environment, in everything from soil to leeches' stomachs.
"I am almost sure that in ten years all the research on biodiversity will be done with DNA, because it will be so easy to get this type of information and the cost is not very high," says Pierre Taberlet, a geneticist at Joseph Fourier University in Grenoble, France, and co-editor of the April issue of Molecular Ecology, which is devoted to the emerging field of studying environmental DNA.
The saola is so elusive that it has been dubbed the Asian unicorn. It hadn't been spotted for a decade until 2010, when villagers in the Laotian province of Bolikhamxay caught one alive, only for the animal to die after a few days in captivity.
In 2011, Vietnam established a small saola reserve in the animal's only known habitat, the Annamite mountains that straddle the country's border with Laos. A more precise estimate of the antelope's range would help to target conservation efforts, says Nicholas Wilkinson, a Vietnam-based wildlife ecologist at the University of Cambridge, UK, who is working with the conservation group WWF. Their team failed to find the saola using camera traps and considered bringing in trained dogs to help the hunt, at an estimated cost of US$400,000. "I, to a large extent, had given up on finding a survey method that would be useful in time to save the species," Wilkinson says.
But last year, he received an e-mail from geneticist Thomas Gilbert at the University of Copenhagen, describing his experiments with leeches. Gilbert, his colleague Mads Bertelsen and their team had fed goat blood to medicinal leeches (Hirudo spp.) — something that is "a lot harder than it sounds", says Gilbert. The team resorted to tempting the creatures with blood-filled condoms warmed under a heat-lamp, and putting the leeches into syringes attached to blood-filled test tubes sealed by a thin film. After killing the leeches over the course of several months, the team identified goat DNA in every one of them.
To see whether the technique could find mammal DNA in the wild, Gilbert asked Wilkinson to ship him some tropical leeches (Haemadipsa spp.). Wilkinson collected them on the Vietnamese side of the Annamite Range and sent them to Copenhagen. Gilbert's team did not find any saola DNA, but 21 of the 25 leeches they tested contained DNA from other mammals, including the Truong Son muntjac deer (Muntiacus truongsonensis) and the Annamite striped rabbit (Nesolagus timinsi), which was discovered only a decade ago. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists both species as 'data deficient' because scientists know so little about their populations or habitat.
Bloodsuckers feast on the forest's rare delicacies. Credit: W. Kolvoort/naturepl.com
"It is a very easy way to get a snapshot of what animals are in the area," says Gilbert. Leeches are impossible to avoid in tropical forests, and they can be collected by the dozen by simply peeling them off intrepid researchers' clothes. The plummeting cost of DNA sequencing makes leech surveys cheap, and DNA from hundreds of the animals could be combined and analysed in a single experiment.
The method is unlikely to provide information about an animal's population, but leeches should help to pin down its range. The Vietnam field trial suggests that leeches preserve DNA from only their most recent blood meal, so an animal's range is likely to include the location where the leech was found.
Surveying leech blood is just one of many ways to collect environmental DNA that have emerged in recent years. In the Molecular Ecology special issue, various research teams worked out the diet of a leopard by sequencing DNA in its faeces3; tracked earthworm communities in soil4; and reconstructed ancient Siberian habitats from DNA preserved in permafrost5. Meanwhile, Australian scientists have found DNA from critically endangered species and potentially toxic plants in traditional Chinese medicines6.
Most of these studies are one-offs that show the potential of the techniques but not how to apply them to routine biodiversity surveys, points out Mehrdad Hajibabaei, an evolutionary molecular geneticist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. Even so, he says, assessments of environmental DNA have matched up well against more conventional surveys.
His team found that DNA surveys of water samples from a Canadian river identified the same invertebrate species as visual surveys7. And studies of plant DNA in soil from French Alpine meadows and a tropical rainforest in French Guiana agreed well with ground-based vegetation studies8.
Researchers refer to environmental DNA studies as 'meta-bar-coding', because they rely on DNA bar codes: short DNA sequences that uniquely identify a species. Bar-coding makes it possible to distinguish between two species of butterfly, for example, by sequencing just a portion of a gene. But much of the DNA recovered from environmental sources such as soil or faeces has been shredded into short strands, and existing bar-coding databases tend to contain the longer stretches that were identified with old DNA sequencing technologies. Many of today's next-generation sequencers can read stretches of DNA that are shorter than the length of a bar code. "It's a shame that we cannot use all that has been developed," says Taberlet.
Hajibabaei, an adviser to the International the Barcode of Life project, which collates bar codes in to a publicly accessible library, responds that shorter, 'mini' bar codes, as well as advances in DNA sequencing technology, will address this problem.
In Vientiane last month, leeches were the talk of the IUCN's Saola Working Group meeting. Wilkinson says that the group hopes to offer rewards to villagers who bring in leeches with saola DNA, and to conduct targeted surveys led by scientists and park rangers. Wilkinson and his colleagues at the WWF plan to gather leeches from the Vietnamese side of the Annamites, and the Wildlife Conservation Society in New York intends to include leeches in its upcoming surveys of Laos.
"Everyone is, unsurprisingly, very excited about the potential," Wilkinson says. "We haven't detected a saola yet, but it's a very promising method for finding it and pretty much any other mammal in the forest."
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See Editorial page 416
Related links in Nature Research
Suckers for success 2012-Apr-25
Ecologists dig deep for DNA 2011-Sep-23
Biodiversity: On the origin of bar codes 2009-Nov-18
DNA barcodes for plants a step closer 2009-Jul-27
Siberia yields oldest authenticated DNA 2003-Apr-18
Related external links
Saola Working Group
IUCN page on the saola
International Barcode of Life
Molecular Ecology special issue on environmental DNA and metabarcoding
Callaway, E. A bloody boon for conservation. Nature 484, 424–425 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/484424a
Issue Date: 26 April 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/484424a


ST. PUCCHIWhat is a Bustle?
If you're just starting out on your wedding dress shopping and deciding what to wear for your walk down the aisle - whether to opt for a dress with a train or no train, how exactly one is supposed to handle so much fabric trailing behind and yet be able to move and dance, then you probably have no clue what a bustle is, or what to do with a dress that has a long train.
"By the end of the 1870s, hooped skirts were no longer stylish, and fashionable women opted instead for gowns with elaborate bustles.
A bustle is the name given to the art of drawing up the train so that the gown can become floor-length and allow the bride to move around after the ceremony with ease and avoid tripping. It also ensures that the gown does not drag around on the ground after the ceremony and get soiled. To accomplish this, the train can be pinned up and secured by hidden hooks on the back of the dress.
A bustle is useful when the bride chooses a dress with a train. Many brides love the formality of a wedding gown with a long train, but it can be cumbersome at the reception.
Assuming that the bridal gown you have purchased has a train, it will need to be bustled after the ceremony and before the reception, resulting in a floor-length dress that is easier to walk and dance in.
All dresses with trains from the smallest sweep to the grandest cathedral can benefit from a proper bustle. Depending on the length of the train, a dress can be bustled by lifting and tucking the extra fabric underneath or over the skirt. Larger trains may need to be folded up using a system of hooks.
A bustle is a unique and amazing creation that not only serves a practical purpose, but also adds tremendous style and interest to the bridal gown.
Rani St. Pucchi is an award-winning Couture Fashion Designer, a Style & Image Consultant, and a Relationship Expert. She is a Bestselling Author, a Speaker, an Inspirational Coach and a Trainer. Her recent TEDx talk: Is Your Body Image Holding You Back has received worldwide acclaim. Rani's #1 International Bestselling Books, Your Body, Your Style: Simple Tips on Dressing to Flatter Your Body Type ; The SoulMate Checklist: Keys to Finding Your Perfect Partner; and Your Bridal Style: Everything You Need to Know to Design the Wedding of Your Dreams are available on Amazon and at Barnes & Nobles.


This project forms part of a larger NIHR RfPB funded programme, which aims to re-evaluate the treatment and management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in young people, in light of published national guidelines (NICE clinical guideline 165, 2013). These guidelines identified the need for further research to improve both the structure of patient investigation and the treatment evaluation of CHB in children and young people.
The proposed multicentre study, conducted over a three-year period, will evaluate the role of quantitative Hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) in defining disease phase and risk stratification in young patients with CHB. This work will address whether qHBsAg can enhance disease categorisation, leading to reductions in management costs and avoidance of unnecessary investigations and interventions.
The study will be retrospective-prospective in design and will be the largest cohort of CHB-infected young people ever assembled. In the first phase of the study, qHBsAg will be utilised in addition to routine clinical parameters, non-invasive markers of fibrosis and liver biopsy data from participating centres, to formulate a clinical predictor model that has been developed from preliminary data at The Royal London. In the second phase of the study, the clinical predictor model will be prospectively validated in more than 500 patients.
Does the predictor model reduce the need for more costly and invasive tests such as liver biopsy ?
Does the predictor model improve monitoring by streamlining the frequency of clinic follow-up, thereby reducing the need for more regular monitoring in low-risk patients?
Does the predictor model allow better patient selection for therapy initiation?
Decreases the need for regular clinic attendance in low-risk patients.
The wider project will transform services for children and young people with CHB. Currently, CHB in young people is poorly understood and poorly managed and as a consequence, patients are offered intense follow-up, resulting in overburdened clinics, adding to NHS costs. The UK has a large migrant community, centred primarily in London and Birmingham and this will be the largest cohort study of CHB in these patients ever undertaken, to tackle one of the most complex diseases in children and young people. The project has the potential to change the diagnostic processes used throughout the NHS for Hepatitis B.
Develop a clinical predictor model for clinical practice and potentially offer a health app.


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Its battery power is 3,000MAH. Its charging pin is micro USB. Its charging speed is standard. It can last up to whole day with normal use. Its battery can be easily compared to many high cost handsets.
It is having 16MP and 0.3MP of back camera with flash and its front camera is 16MP. Its autofocus is broken, it seems that when you will shoot it will provide you low light and there is no manual mode too. Its camera is a bit messy but if you are having patience you can capture some beautiful images. Its camera is a bit annoying and it will offer you slow processing too.
It is an expensive looking phone in very low price. it is having inspiring glass and metal build. It comprises of lots of memory storage. Its camera is not good. The autofocus of camera is broken. Display is a bit over cooled. Its GPU is also weak.


text:
Automakers see strong sales in May
Chris Woodyard and Becca Smouse
Automakers reported a strong sales pace in May, helped by a improved consumer confidence, lower unemployment and moderate gas prices that propelled sales of pickups and SUVs.
While Autodata reported that sales improved 1.6% compared to the same month last year, the more significant figure was a seasonally adjusted sales rate that would, if it were to be maintained, put the industry on pace to sell almost 17.8 million new vehicles. That standard industry measure points to the most torrid sales pace since July, 2005, Kelley Blue Book said.
Individual automakers reported mixed results because their monthly tallies were skewed by there having been one less selling day last month compared to the year before. Among Detroit's Big 3, GM's overall sales rose 3% in May, Fiat Chrysler sold 4% more new vehicles in May than the same month last year and Ford was down 1.3%, Autodata says.
But there was no doubt in the industry that automakers had, overall, seen a month of near-record sales, beating expectations.
"The auto industry is on fire," declared Eric Lyman, senior analyst for TrueCar, an auto sales web site. "We're still seeing that automotive is driving growth in the economy."
Unlike a decade ago when automakers were churning out more vehicles than they could sell profitably, the latest cycle is unfolding in way that's likely to bring record profits as well. Here's why:
•Profit-packed vehicles. Not only were automakers selling huge volumes of vehicles, but they were doing it in some of the most profitable segments: Pickups and SUVs. Trucks generally yield higher profit margin because of relatively strong prices and lower manufacturing costs than cars. Even though Nissan's sales were down 0.8%, it set a May record for sales of its pickups and SUVs.
•Fewer fleet sales. Auto sales can be inflated by big sales to corporate, rental or government fleets, which aren't as profitable as sales to individual customers. But automakers say sales to individuals rose for the month, while they're down to fleets.
•Millennials. Lyman says that one out of four new car sales last months were to Millennials, who are emerging as a powerful force despite earlier predictions that they were more interested in the next smartphone than the next car. "There was this idea that Millennials don't care about cars. I always thought that was a bunch of rubbish," Lyman says.
The auto sales boom was also creating some difficulties, such as tight inventories. Ford says, for instance, that it is taking steps to make more of nation's best-selling vehicle, the 2015 Ford F-Series pickups. But overall, industry executives say they expect the good times to keep rolling.
"When I look at the economic indicators, I don't see any reason for things to slow down," says Fred Diaz, a Nissan vice president.
Here's how automakers' sales for May break down:
•General Motors. GM said it had the best May sales since 2007, with all of the focus on trucks.
"Chevrolet has the hot hand in the pickup market thanks to our three-truck strategy," said Kurt McNeil, vice president of sales operations in the U.S, in a statement. "Our market share is growing and our strategy is to retain these customers with the best overall ownership experience."
GM says, in fact, that it hasn't been able to keep up with demand for its new Colorado midsize pickup -- even after adding a third shift at the production plant that makes it. The automaker also said it saw big demand for its crossover SUVs. Chevrolet Equinox sales were up 30%. Cadillac SRX sales climbed 21%. GMC, GM's truck-only brand, saw a 12% sales rise as a division.
•Ford. Ford blamed supply constraints on its most popular vehicles as an issue leading to its 1.6% overall drop in sales in May compared to the same month last year.
Ford was down a 26 day supply -- about half of what the industry considers healthy -- on its F-Series pickup, the nation's biggest-selling vehicle. Ford officials said they would not comment on reports that chassis on the pickup truck from a supplier aren't keeping up with demand.
Mark LaNeve, a Ford vice president, said on a conference call that supply will increase later in the year as production ramps up at the Kansas City Assembly Plant. "Later this year we'll be able to run at the market with full availability," he said.
F-Series wasn't the only vehicle in tight supply. He says Escape and Explorer SUVs are also in high demand among buyers seeking SUVs. "The utility business continues to run pretty hot for us," he said. The new Ford Edge, which saw sales increase 34% in May, is down to a 13-day supply on dealer lots.
With the focus on trucks, small-car sales continue to languish. The midsize Fusion, for instance, was down 7.5% and Taurus was off 34.7% during the month. One bright spot, however, was the new Mustang, which had a 39.5% sales increase. Sales in California have doubled, Ford officials say. "California dealers are begging for more," LaNeve says.
•Fiat Chrysler. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles said its truck-heavy Jeep brand was one of the reasons for its success, up 13% from a year ago. But the Chrysler division saw an even bigger sales increase, up 32%.
Ram sold 12% more trucks than a year earlier, but sales of Dodge and Fiat fell 22% and 19%, respectively. For FCA, it was the 62nd consecutive month of improved sales compared with the year-earlier month.
"Our Jeep brand continues to set records with its best monthly sales ever in May," said Reid Bigland, head of FCA's U.S. sales.
Sales of the Jeep Patriot rose 31% and sales of the Jeep Cherokee were up 23%.
•Toyota. Toyota said its sales fell 0.3% but said it was a strong sales month anyway.
It blamed comparisons against May of last year when there was one more selling day in the month. Sales were driven by truck sales, with the Toyota division reporting a record month when it comes to pickups and SUVs. Toyota was helped, too, by a 10.2% boost in sales overall. in the Lexus luxury division.
"The momentum provided by strong luxury utility vehicle sales coupled with the growing consumer awareness of our newer models, such as the NX crossover and RC coupe, have us excited for the summer season," says Jeff Bracken, Lexus group vice president.
Toyota said Highlander crossover sales were up 25.2%, RAV4 was up 22.8% and its combined Tundra and Tacoma pickup truck sales climbed 15.4%.
•Honda. Honda sales increased 1.3% in May, helped by a huge increase in sales in the Acura luxury division.
Acura's success centered on big sales of three models: its new TSX sports sedan and the MDX and RDX crossovers. Together, they contributed the bulk to a 16.1% increase in the division.
For the Honda division, sales droppped 0.3%. Like other automakers, it saw record sales of its crossovers for the month. The Pilot SUV, for instance, had an increase of 17% even though an entirely new version, which has received strong reviews, is coming for the 2016 model year.
Honda also launched sales of the new HR-V, its new smallest crossover, with 6,381 sold for the month. Competing in the mini-SUV segment where Honda hasn't had a product before, it's expected to augment sales in coming months.
•Nissan. Nissan, which includes both Nissan and Infiniti, saw sales drop 0.8% overall -- though it scored big with SUVs and trucks.
Sales of Nissan's crossovers, trucks and SUVs were up 17.6% compared to May last year, setting a new record for the month. Nissan also set a new May sales record with their Rogue crossover, increasing sales by 38.3% last month.
Nissan did well, too, with its little commercial vehicle. It sold 1,631 NV200s in May, marking a 5.3% increase from last year. This was a new all-time record for the amount of NV200s sold for any month.
Overall, car sales were down 10.9% for the month, but total truck sales increased 17% for Nissan Group.
•Volkswagen. Volkswagen's growing Golf family of vehicles helped boost company sales by 8% for the month of May.
Golf saw a 187.9% increase compared to sales from last May, while the GTI version saw a 64.8% increase. In total, Golf family sales boosted 251.8%.
The Jetta sedan saw a slight boost in sales, increasing 5% from last May. The Jetta SportWagen took a hit, dropping nearly 88% for the month.
Volkwagen's clean diesel models made up 22.7% of all sales for the month of May, marking a new record since last August.
•Mazda. Mazda sales dropped slightly in May, down 0.4% for the month.
But Mazda's CX-5 crossover sold a record 10,717, a 15.3% increase from last year. The larger CX-9 also saw an increase, boosting sales by 20.1%.
Among other models, though, Mazda3 and Mazda5 took hits in May sales, down 3.4% and 30.1% respectively. The MX-5 Miata also dropped in sales by 12%, but anticipation is building around the new version expected later this year.
Overall, Mazda saw a 9.9% decrease in all car sales and a 16% increase in truck sales for the month of May.
•Volvo. The Swedish automaker's sales remained mostly flat May compared to the same month last year, increasing a mere 0.2%.
Sales for the XC60 showed the most growth through the month, increasing by 10% and topping the charts for most-sold vehicle of the month.
The S80 also saw a boost in sales, increasing by 33.6% compared to last year. The S60 was the second most-sold for May, but was a decrease of 16.9% from sales of May 2014.
The V60 also decreased in sales by 56.4%. May marked the second month for Volvo's XC90s on the market, topping out at 741 vehicles sold throughout May.
•Porsche: Porsche sales dropped over 7% for the month of May, with drops seen in almost all models.
Sales of the Panamera models dropped the most for Porsche, decreasing by 23% for May. Macan and Boxster models also fell throughout the month, decreasing 17.2% and 15.5% respectively.
The Cayenne models were the only Porsche vehicles that remain in the green, increasing sales by 7.6%. The 911s decreased the least among all models, dropping just 0.35%.
Porsche fell 7.4% for overall sales in May compared to May of last year.
Contributing: Greg Gardner, Detroit Free Press

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
San Marcos Accidentsdilc20182019-05-13T22:32:34+00:00
1 killed, 3 injured as pickup tumbles down North County mountain
SAN MARCOS – A full-size pickup truck flipped over and tumbled down a hill in San Marcos, killing one person and injuring several others Sunday morning.
It happened in a hilly area west of North Twin Oaks Valley Road, in an area where homes border open hillsides criss-crossed by dirt roads. A large hill there is known as "P Mountain," for a large letter "P" that sits above Palomar College.
Officials were called to the area around 8AM. A Chevy Silverado "went over the side" of P Mountain and "rolled down from the top," San Marcos Fire Dept. said.
The pickup had four men inside, all in their 20s, and the driver was thrown from the vehicle. The other three people were rescued from inside the wreckage and all the men were rushed to the hospital.
The driver was declared dead at the hospital. The other three men had serious injuries but were expected to survive, sheriff's officials said.
Investigators weren't sure what led up to the crash — the car might have been driving off-road, or could have come off a nearby street or driveway. Sheriff's officials did say that alcohol was a suspected factor in the crash.
Source: Fox 5 San Diego
CHP officers are investigating the crash.


The Hill Race, with competitors scaling the challenging Luss Hill, is viewed from the perfect vantage point of the games field. The skirl of the pipes and the skill of the colourful Highland dancers bring the most romantic and evocative sights and sounds of Scotland's musical heritage to the Luss Highland Games.
Further information can be seen here.


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Arsenal are on the cusp of facing a full blown injury crisis ahead of the game with Chelsea with as many as 7 first team regulars potentially missing out with injuries.
Previous existing injuries include Aaron Ramsey who is certain to miss the match due to a hamstring injury that's kept him out in recent games, Nacho Monreal who is also still nursing an ankle problem along with French International Oliver Giroud who has been ruled out for at least another two weeks due to a hamstring injury picked up in mid-December while Santi Cazorla is still out with his Achilles and 9 surgeries.
Speaking ahead of the game against Chelsea, Arsene Wenger provided an injury update on a number of key players like Mesut Ozil, Laurent Koscielny and Saed Kolasinac who all picked up knocks during the game or missed out due to illness as in the case of Ozil.
Giving Koscielny a 30 % chance of facing Chelsea, along with a slight chance for Ozil, Wenger has admitted to growing injury problems becoming a cause of massive concern during their present run of 4 games in 11 days.
Kolasinac pulled up during the closing stages of the first half with what looked like a groin problem and had to be replaced by Ainsley Maitland-Niles just before half time. With less than two days between the two games it always seemed an impossible task getting him to be fit for the Chelsea game and now the boss has confirmed his period of absence.
Wednesday night's game against Chelsea is the first of a potential eight games in January for Arsenal, a schedule that will test Wenger's squad to the limits.
However he believes that despite the growing injury list and the potential injury crisis, the squad at his disposal has the quality and numbers to cope with the festive fixtures and their presence in four competitions at the same time.
Which means that Wenger is facing the possibility of being without SEVEN key players for a crucial game with Chelsea, which is obviously not ideal as we desperately need a win to boost our top four hopes. It will be quite interesting to see how Arsenal line up in order to deal with the injury crisis on their hands and salvage a win against the defending champions.
After a period of stuttering in the league due to our Manchester Effect and woeful away form, efficiency at home and against a top class team like Chelsea will be absolutely vital and how we deal with the challenge tomorrow will go a long way in determining our confidence and position in the league this year.


Florida Style Homes Plans - There are many different factors to consider if you are starting the process of creating your own home. It's rather a nerve-racking period, of course. It involves saving money and ensuring you can continue steadily to pay all the necessary bills later on. There may be some headaches as to which style you decide upon as well ultimately. If you are going to be living with another person, you might disagree which best suits you. Should you choose something modern, or even more traditional such as cottage home plans? How many rooms in the event you include, such as bathrooms and bedrooms? Would you like there to be a really open spaces, or to have each obtainable room a little more closed off? It all depends on your way of living.
After you interview and select a design firm, the first step will be to construct your site plan. This shows how your home or building will be situated on your lot/land. Then the designer will help you choose your floor-plan. The floor plan includes the locations of all the available rooms, garages, porches, patios and more along with notes and dimensions. Once your floor plans are complete, you shall move to the elevations stage of the design. This is where a skilled design team will assist you to decide specifically what you want your home or building to appear to be on the outside from all four sides. These elevations outline exterior material choices, such as brick, stucco or stone, architectural details, and generally showcase the exterior features of the home. These pages shall show whether the style is normally French country, Mediterranean, traditional, Tuscan, Victorian, English or another architectural design.


4k00:13In the summer, a beautiful woman on the beach relaxed in a calm sea whose transparent water is clear and crystal clear. Concept of: vacation, relaxation, summer and nature.
4k00:18In the summer, a beautiful woman on the beach relaxed in a calm sea whose transparent water is clear and crystal clear. Concept of: vacation, relaxation, summer and nature.


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Ok, so in my previous posts we were just testing some apps, and thinking how this app can be applied in my context, we did some tests and we saw some pieces of a mLearning solutions.Week 3 is about mlearning design, that means designing a mlearning solution by thinking about real scenarios.
Here's a concept of an mLearning design I made having in mind a problem that may occur in a regular office, school, or some similar contexts.
A brief explanation of the design of the mLearning solution.
Probably in a real context I would add more information, but I think that for the purpose of this activity it is enough, at least to have an idea of the solution.


What does your computer desktop look like right now? Is it filled with a lot of applications that are installed locally on your machine? Or is it starting to look more like a cloud service portfolio? With the rise of offerings from Microsoft, Adobe, and others, the modern desktop application suite is running more in the cloud that it is on a local machine. And that's just the applications on a desktop.
The increasing number of applications that are being offered as a service to support online collaboration or rapid updates has grown substantially in the past few years. Office365, Adobe Creative Suite, and may others are now available online and require connectivity to use the features of the software to their fullest potential. Users depend on these new functions in order to get their work accomplished.
Gone are the days of being productive even when the Internet was down or connectivity was impacted. Networking professionals need to make sure that their Internet connectivity is up and running at all times as well as making sure that the connectivity to the cloud is running at peak performance. With Software-as-a-Service dominating the desktop, can networking professionals keep up?
One of the biggest issues that you're going to face as you move your organization to a SaaS model is the lack of visibility you have into cloud services. If you thought your IT organization was a black box before, you're going to be shocked at how opaque it is inside the public cloud. Sure, you may have an idea of where the data goes at the end of the trip, but the entire path of the trip is difficult to determine.
And it's not just your path to the SaaS application you have to worry about. With a centralized server running applications you only have to worry about the path to your data center. But with SaaS running out on the public cloud or the public Internet, every path your branch users take to get to the SaaS application can be a problem. Your main headquarters location can have good connectivity to Microsoft while your branch locations are traversing a service provider router that has packet loss issues. On top of that, you won't be able to troubleshoot from your location because the path to the application isn't the same.
The problem is that network systems have never been optimized for application visibility. In the past, a packet was just a packet. So long as the packet was delivered at some point everything was perfectly fine. That worked for the majority of data being sent over the Internet. Then, as applications took hold and application priority became more of an issues we started worrying about the packet path and the latency for the packets to arrive at their destination.
While some applications like voice and video are extremely sensitive to latency, other applications are more reliable when network conditions are poor. However, even small issues with latency on these resilient applications can cause poor user experiences when the majority of the communications must take place over the Internet. With the lack of real QoS over the Internet, there has to be some kind of solution to ensure that applications go where they are supposed to go.
The solution to many of these connectivity issues is a cloud on-ramp. It's a term that has been popularized by Viptela, and during the recent FutureWAN conference there were a couple of presentations about using a cloud on-ramp to help ensure that SaaS applications are running at peak performance.
The key to a proper on-ramp solution is monitoring. It's not enough for you to know that a circuit is up and operational. You need to know the health of that circuit. You need to have some kind of metric that allows you to determine how that circuit is performing against other circuits so you know how the users are being impacted in all areas of the network.
Viptela has a metric like this called vQoE, which stands for Quality of Experience. This score is assembled by the Viptela vEdge routers as they query the SaaS providers in real time and assemble up-to-date reachability metrics. This means that Viptela knows how each link is performing based on where it is located. This direct Internet access (DIA) circuits are the most important way for users to reach SaaS applications. Knowing their status and health instantly is key to keeping your organization running smoothly.
But an on-ramp solution shouldn't just give you the capability to see what the circuits look like. It should also give you the ability to reroute traffic in the event of failed or degraded links. In the case of Viptela, the intelligence built into the on-ramp solution allows you to bypass the local DIA exit point and send traffic over the Viptela fabric to a new exit point. In some cases, this could reduce latency by a substantial amount because traffic is exiting closer to the SaaS provider. In other cases, this can help distribute load in the event that local ISPs are experiencing higher traffic patterns.
Viptela Cloud On-Ramp effectively turns your branch offices into multiple DIA points for all your branch locations. With the analytics and health scores being offered by the dashboard, you can quickly see which users are having a poor experience and move them to a better circuit with just a few clicks of the mouse. And you can do this on a per-application basis to ensure that a diverse set of SaaS providers are being used effectively.
SaaS shouldn't need to be rocket science. Moving applications to the cloud should be simple and make everyone more productive. Likewise, the networking required to make those changes shouldn't be difficult either. The network should be smart enough to know what's happening and give you the capability to use that intelligence to make good decisions about traffic routing. Helping the network professional make good decisions about SaaS routing keeps everyone happy and makes you look like a hero at the end of the day. And that's all it takes to make SaaS successful in your organization.


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Alien is a unique genre milestone. It challenged the established aesthetic created by 2001: A Space Odyssey of space travel being pristine, clinical and high tech and replaced it with a grimy, industrial quality. The space tug Nostromo is also a conspicuously "blue collar", civilian venture, underwritten by a large corporation. As for H. R Giger's xenomorph, it redefined the depiction of extraterrestrial life in movies. Director Ridley Scott brought visual style and atmosphere to particularly unglamorous and dismal setting. He also scared the hell out of audiences at the time with his slow burn story structure and editing style that hints, rather than shows. Overall, Alien is a text book example of how to make a horror movie and put a new spin on a classic and well-trodden concept.
King Solomon's Mines is a 1985 Cannon Films production based on the pulp works of H. Rider Haggard. It was quickly made to cash in on the ongoing success of Indiana Jones franchise, although the finished movie bears little resemblance to the classic original novel. Like most Cannon movies from that boom era, it was a cheap and fast enterprise that superficially sported a good cast, but ultimately didn't do much with them. Veteran director J. Lee Thompson favoured a light and comic approach to the material, as the film's budget could hardly sustain any major notable set pieces. Yet, it proved popular enough at the box office to warrant a sequel the following year. Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold proved to be as equally silly but by then the public's interest had waned.
Paul Verhoeven has seldom made a movie without some semblance of controversy associated with it, and his 1992 neo-noir Basic Instinct was no different. Even before its US release, Basic Instinct courted controversy due over its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence. It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists, who criticised the film's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a homocidal narcissistic psychopath. The opening murder with an icepick is still shocking twenty six years later and is an excellent showcase for makeup FX artists Rob Bottin.
The cinematic character of John J Rambo is heavily associated with the politics of the eighties and the ascending right-wing attitudes of the era. His name has entered the popular sub culture and means different things to different people. His name is used as a pejorative term by certain political lobbies, who see him as stereotypical incarnation of blind patriotism and "might is right" minsdet. It is a name also sadly linked to the Hungerford Massacre in the UK by Michael Ryan in 1987. It was alleged, particularly by tabloid newspapers, that Ryan was inspired by the film Rambo: First Blood Part II, with some claiming he wore armed-forces style clothing. Rambo was cited as an example of a negative media influence, which was particularly relevant in the wake of the controversy over video nasties in the UK at that time. It is now claimed that Ryan had never seen the film, but the allegations provided sensationalist headlines and imagery and so the label stuck.


Have you read any of Charles Stross's "Bob Howard" books, like "The Atrocity Archives"? This reads a lot like that.
Hey! That's a low-level injection, totally uncalled for. Emacsteins have designs for plain text mode too.


text:
Unsold Atari videogames dumped in a desert?
I've heard about a massive amount of Atari consoles and video game cartridges (most of them were unsold copies of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial) buried in a sort of dump in the middle of a desert in the early 80's.
Is this an urban legend or did this really happen?
gaming-history atari-2600 e.t.-the-extra-terrestrial
Timmy Jim
pinckermanpinckerman
Not quite "desert" (Alamogordo isn't in a desert) but close enough... – Joe Dec 22 '16 at 23:36
E.T. the game was so bad and so many copies went unsold that it was one of the central reasons behind the video game crash of 1983 and the fall of Atari. Hence why it has the unique distinction of being the only video game to have it's own mass grave. – Ryan Dec 22 '16 at 23:49
See also this rather amazing project where someone patched the game to remove the worst glitches: neocomputer.org/projects/et – IMSoP Dec 23 '16 at 12:08
There's an amazing interview with the creator of the Atari E.T. game you might be interested in reading: bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35560458 – niemiro Dec 23 '16 at 23:21
When I read the title I was sure this had to be about E.T.. That fiasco was so over the top it's often considered a legend, but they got proof years back. – Mast Dec 24 '16 at 17:11
Yes, this did in fact happen. The game E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial was notoriously bad and highly criticized, and Atari sent the left over unsold games to a dump to be buried. They were buried in Alamogordo, New Mexico in 1983.
There is a back story behind the mass burial as well. In 1982, Atari had created a port of Pac-Man to their 2600 console. They created more Pac-Man game cartridges than they had sold consoles to the date, confident that their sales numbers would be high, and that Pac-Man would bring in more console sales as well. However, Pac-Man was received poorly, and despite selling 7 million cartridges, Atari was left with 5 million unsold copies. When it came to E.T., creating a video game based on a movie was not a common practice at the time. Unfortunately, the game was a commercial failure, as it was so bad, Atari only sold 1.5 million of the 5 million cartridges they produced for the game.
These two big failures, in addition to the decline of videos games during this time period, left Atari with tons of left over game cartridges that they could not sell, so they decided to just get rid of them.
I found a video of them digging the cartridges back up after years of sitting underground! Some other things that were also dumped there were the consoles, some other games (such as Centipede as seen in the one screenshot in that link, as well as Pac-Man, Yar's Revenge, Defender, Star Raiders, and Space Invaders) and news articles about the event.
Reportedly, 728,000 cartridges were buried there, as stated by James Heller, a former Atari manager who was present at the time of the dig-up. He also stated that there were plans to cover the games with concrete as well, but that didn't happen. Only about 1,300 cartridges were found in the dig-up, as the rest appeared to be buried deeper than anticipated.
Timmy JimTimmy Jim
A bit more supporting details in this Ars Technica article too. – user973 Dec 22 '16 at 15:21
This is just amazing. – pinckerman Dec 22 '16 at 15:48
There's actually a documentary they made about this. I can't remember the name, but I've seen it on one of the U.S. premium channels (HBO IIRC). Fascinating! – Matt M Dec 22 '16 at 16:16
Atari: Game Over produced for Xbox and available there and on Netflix (as of this comment in the UK) is worth watching about this – RoguePlanetoid Dec 22 '16 at 16:22
Link to the documentary's wiki : Atari: Game Over – J... Dec 23 '16 at 13:28
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged gaming-history atari-2600 e.t.-the-extra-terrestrial or ask your own question.
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What does the 'Special Feature' teddy bear sticker mean on some games for Sears/Atari 2600?
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How long can we expect an Atari 2600 cartridge to last?


text:
Kaj Halberg - writer & photographer
Travels ‐ Landscapes ‐ Wildlife ‐ People
About Kaj Halberg
Contact address – News on this website
Hardy Highlanders – People and Wildlife of the Himalaya
Seed of Knowledge, Stone of Plenty
Rose of the Revolution
Tribals of Ethiopia
Tribals of India
Tribals of China
Tribals of Taiwan
Tribals of the Sunda Islands
Mountains Africa
Mountains Asia
Mountains Europe
Mountains North America
Mountains Latin America
Travel episodes 1972-1974
Syria & Iraq 1972: "Welcome to Baghdad!"
Iraq 1973: The hospitable mudir
Iraq 1973: Dust storm and sheep's head
Iraq 1973: Snippets from Iraq
Iran 1973: In the mountains of Luristan
Iran 1973: Car breakdown at the Caspian Sea
Iran & Turkey 1973: "Kurdistan! Bum-bum-zip!"
Sri Lanka 1974: Among Veddas
Sri Lanka 1975: An illegal walk through Wilpattu
Borneo 1975: Canoe trip with Punan tribals
Asia & Europe 1975: Long journey home
Sri Lanka 1976: Among alcohol brewers
Pakistan 1978: Encounter with robbers
India & Nepal 1978: Journey towards Everest
India 1979: Hunting blackbuck with camera
Africa 1980: An arduous journey across Africa
India 1982: Pleasures of Nanda Devi
Sri Lanka 1982-83: The elephant charmer
Sri Lanka 1983: Jungle trip with Ranjan
Philippines 1984: Shamanism among Ifugao tribals
Borneo 1985: Visiting orangutans
Borneo 1985: A hike up Gunung Kinabalu
Malaysia 1985: Thaipusam – a Hindu festival
Indonesia 1985: Difficult journey to Komodo
Nepal & India 1985: Bus ride with obstacles
India 1986: "His name is Muhammed!"
India 1986: "Sir, would you like to see this peacock?"
Tibet 1987: Tibetan summer
Tanzania 1988: Experiencing African bureaucracy
Tanzania 1989: Memorable nights in the Ngorongoro Crater
Tanzania 1990: Lions in the camp
India 1991: Bishnoi people live in harmony with nature
India 1991: Attending Hindu festivals in Rajasthan
Zambia 1993: Hunting shoebill with camera
Nepal 1994: A close call
Ethiopia 1996: Timkat – a Christian festival
Malawi 1997: A three-day ferry cruise on Lake Malawi
India 1997: Golden Temple of the Sikhs
India 1997: A night on board an Indian First-Class train
Guatemala 1998: Country of the Mayans
India 2003: Camel safari in the Thar Desert
India 2008: Mountain goats and frozen flowers
China 2009: Among black-necked cranes
Nepal 2009: Across a snow-covered pass
Chile 2011: The white forest
Siberia 2011: Caterpillar trip in Chukotka
Costa Rica 2012: Coastal hike to Corcovado
Nature Reserve Vorsø
Vorsø on my mind
Created by an ogress
Expanding wilderness
Dutch elm disease on Vorsø
Silvery rain
Death in beauty
Pungent smell
Armed seeds
Night in the cormorant city
The young mole
Gall rain
Spring takes hold
Fleeting winter sculptures
Camouflage in nature
Nature's art
Nature's patterns
Animals as servants of Man
Horse, donkey and mule
Cattle, banteng, and yak
Sheep and goat
Predator and prey
Birds in Taiwan
Rise and fall of the mighty elephants
Hippo – the river horse that lives on both sides
Dog family
Hornbills
Horseshoe crabs – living fossils in peril
Long-nosed coatis – charming bandits
Hunting dogs – nomads of the savanna
The spotted killer
Sandhill cranes are a threat to Siberian breeding birds
Squirrels of North America
Why the water buffalo has so little hair
Animal tracks and traces
Plants in folklore and poetry
Mountain plants
Himalayan flora
Flora of the Alps
Tibetan flora
Plants of Sierra Nevada
Ancient and huge trees
When the mu oil tree is flowering
Plant hunting in the Himalaya
Plant geography and vegetation zones of the Himalaya
Abode of the deodar
Among Annapurna giants
Around sacred lakes of Shiva
Rainy season in Nepal
The rhododendron valley
The dry Tibetan Plateau
Railway flora
Anemones and pasque flowers
Morning-glories and bindweeds
Parasitic plants
Pipal and banyan – two sacred fig trees
Quotes on Nature
Folly of Man
Women are more than half of the world
Children around the world
Pehr Forsskål – brilliant Swedish scientist
John Andrew Burke (1951-2010)
A place to live
Folk art around the world
Folk art of Taiwan
Countries and places
Bangweulu – where water meets the sky
Denmark – land of sea and islands
Hammershus – largest ruin in northern Europe
Namibia – a desert country
Sacred lakes of Shiva
Daoism in Taiwan
In praise of the colour red
In praise of the colour yellow
In praise of the colour blue
Doves in a tree at sunset, Keoladeo Ghana National Park. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
I have arranged to meet with four other Danes, Lotte Møller Pedersen, Niels Peter Andreasen, Ib Krag Petersen, and Anne-Marie Madsen, in the bird sanctuary Keoladeo Ghana National Park, near the town of Bharatpur, Rajasthan, north-western India.
The story behind the creation of this famous wetland is related on the page Travel episodes – India 1979: Hunting blackbuck with camera.
Encounter with a nilgai bull
It is mid-winter, and fog covers the dew-drenched landscape like a blanket. The mornings are bitterly cold, and on our way from the town to the sanctuary, shortly after dawn, we ride our bicycles with one hand in the pocket, as it didn't occur to us to bring mittens to India. Eventually, the sun penetrates the fog, thawing our frozen bodies, and by noon it is pleasantly warm.
On day-long trips, on foot or bicycle, we are overwhelmed by the rich and varied bird life in this fantastic wetland. Thousands of geese and ducks, and many types of waders and eagles, spend the winter here. Among resident birds we observe painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala), black-headed ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster), bronze-winged jacana (Metopidius indicus), various cormorants, herons, and owls, and numerous species of passerines.
Mammals and reptiles are also found here. There is an abundance of spotted deer (Axis axis), sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), and nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus), and we also observe smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), turtles, Bengal monitor lizard (Varanus benghalensis), and the huge rock python (Python molurus), which may grow to a length of 5 m.
We often encounter a large nilgai bull, which has been reared in captivity and afterwards released in the sanctuary. It shows no fear at all of humans, which can cause problems. One day, when I am busy watching birds from the edge of a swamp, the bull approaches me to say hello. Foolishly, I pat it on the head – probably the last place to do so. At any rate, it seems to regard me as a rival, kneeling down on its front legs to spar with its horns. I get scared and want to back away, but my camera strap gets entangled in its horns, and I am helplessly stuck. God knows, what might have happened, if not an Indian tourist, passing by at this moment, had been able to disentangle the strap from the horns.
On a misty winter morning, this farmer is carrying fodder back to his village at the outskirts of Keoladeo. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
The painted stork is a very common breeding bird in Keoladeo. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
Another common breeding bird is the black-headed ibis. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
My companions, from left Ib, Kim (another Dane we met), Niels, Anne-Marie, and Lotte, watching a Bengal monitor lizard, before it disappeared into a hollow tree. (Photos copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
This rock python is basking outside its burrow, which was probably stolen from a family of porcupines (Hystrix indica). (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
The rock python is a formidable predator, as can be seen from this info sign in Keoladeo. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
The powerful Rajputs
We are planning to go to Ranthambhor National Park, near the town of Sawai Madhopur, a short journey by train from Bharatpur. This park was established around Ranthambhor, an old Rajput fort, which was erected on a rocky outcrop, situated where two ancient mountain chains, the Aravalli and the Vindhya, meet.
Between 600 and 1500 A.D., Rajasthan – in those days called Rajputana – was divided among numerous rivalling Hindu kingdoms, ruled by Rajputs ('Sons of Rajas'). They managed to persuade Brahmins (Hindu priests) to produce genealogical tables, which connected them with the sun, the moon, and the Hindu god of fire, Agni.
These people were born warriors, divided into 36 royal clans. Because of their internal rivalries, each Rajput king ordered his people to build forts and other strongholds to protect himself and his nobles against enemies. Naturally, nobody worried about the safety of the common people.
However, when the Muslim Moghuls conquered Delhi, the glorious period of the Rajputs came to an end. Emperor Akbar, who ruled between 1556 and 1605, was a wise sovereign, who showed a great deal of religious tolerance. He managed to persuade many of his advisors to marry Rajput princesses, hereby making many of the Rajput kings become his firm allies, instead of being powerful enemies.
The power of the Moghuls weakened during the 18th Century, and the Rajputs quickly regained their former independence. In 1757, the British commenced their colonization of India by conquering Bengal, in the northeast, from where their influence spread west and south.
British forces had a very hard time subduing the Rajputs, and throughout the British colonial period they retained a great deal of power within their kingdoms. In 1948, the year after India had obtained her independence, most of the Rajput kingdoms were united into one state, Rajasthan ('Land of Rajas'), and a few years later, the remaining kingdoms joined the new state. Soon Rajasthan joined the Indian Union, and today the formerly glorious Rajputs have no political power at all.
Morning fog envelops the plains of Ranthambhor National Park, which is situated at the meeting point of two ancient mountain chains, the Aravalli and the Vindhya. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
The creation of Ranthambhor National Park
In the 1300s, Ranthambhor Fort was conquered by Ala ud-din-Khalji's Muslim army, and Raja Rao Hamir was killed. Rather than disgracing themselves by surrendering to the enemies who killed their raja, the Rajput women committed mass suicide in a terrible ritual, johar, throwing themselves on the raja's funeral pyre.
Rajputs soon took control of the fort again, but it was conquered yet another time by Akbar's army in 1569, after a 40-day besiege. Later, the Moghuls handed over the fort to the Maharaja of Jaipur, who kept the surrounding forests as his private hunting area. The fort was abandoned and soon fell into decay.
In 1961, Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip went on a hunting trip around Ranthambhor – probably an important reason why the area in 1972 was included as one of the reserves of 'Project Tiger'. This project was launched to rescue the Indian population of the mighty Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris), which until then had been ruthlessly persecuted. From an estimated number of 40,000, around 1900, the entire Indian population had plummeted to a mere 2,500 by 1972.
Later, Ranthambhor Sanctuary was declared a national park, and the protected area was enlarged to cover c. 500 km2. The landscape consists of low mountains, covered in shrub forest and cactus-like spurges, deep ravines with evergreen trees, and plains, covered in silvery-headed grasses. Numerous ruins are a testimony to its glorious past, as are several waterholes, constructed by the Rajputs as water reservoirs.
This park is home to an overwhelming number of animals, including spotted deer, sambar deer, nilgai antelope, Gujarat gazelle (Gazella christii), leopard (Panthera pardus), wildboar (Sus scrofa), Bengal monitor, marsh crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), and many others. There is a population of no less than 40 tigers, and – what is more interesting – they are active during the day, which naturally increases our chance of observing them.
Ranthambhor is covered in shrub forest and cactus-like spurges, and there are numerous waterholes. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
En route to Sawai Madhopur, Lotte and I buy provisions on a railroad platform. (Photo copyright © by Niels Peter Andreasen)
Tribal women of the herder's caste visit Sawai Madhopur. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
Poster, promoting a Hindi movie, Sawai Madhopur. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
In our hotel room, we were paid a visit by these house sparrows (Passer domesticus). (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
Searching for tigers
After checking into a hotel in Sawai Madhopur, we rent a jeep with a driver to take us into the national park. Early in the afternoon, we arrive at the entrance, only to learn that we cannot enter the park for the next two hours due to lack of trackers, and to bring a tracker along is mandatory.
Meanwhile, we climb the steep trail up to the old fort, from where we have an excellent view over the former maharaja's palace, Yogi Mahal, and a beautiful lake, where large swamp crocodiles lie on the shore, jaws wide open. Two hours later, we are back at the entrance. Still no tracker is available, but since the staff has promised us that we could enter at this time, they allow us to enter without a tracker.
For three hours we drive around in the park. Obviously, our driver doesn't possess much knowledge of the art of wildlife watching. Rather, his passion seems to be racing. Several times we ask him to slow down, but it seems that he is not able to control his inclination. He is willing enough to stop when we ask him to, but his speed is so high that, invariably, whenever we come to a stop we are enveloped in a cloud of dust.
Despite our driver's behaviour, we observe lots of mammals and birds. In the trees, troops of northern plains langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) jump about. As they are quite picky feeders, they drop more than they eat, and the ground beneath the trees is full of green twigs, to the benefit of grazing spotted deer and nilgai.
On the grass plains, we encounter wildboar, gazelles, and scores of peacocks (Pavo cristatus), and in the lakes, sambar deer walk about, eating water plants, taking no notice of the large crocodiles. It does happen that a large crocodile will grab a calf, pulling it beneath the surface to drown it. It is then tucked away somewhere to rot, until the meat is easier to tear from the bones.
During an earlier visit to India, Mr. Fateh Singh, Chief Wildlife Warden of Keoladeo Ghana, told me that tigers often come to the waterholes in Ranthambhor to kill sambar, and on several occasions, he has seen tigers steal prey from large crocodiles.
We are not that lucky. In fact, we see no tigers at all. However, today is a Sunday, and traffic around the waterholes is heavy. We decide to give it another try the following morning.
Ib, standing beneath a huge banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) near Yogi Mahal, a former maharaja's palace. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
Carving inside the old Rajput fort of Ranthambhor, from which the park takes its name. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
Sambar deer love to graze on succulent water plants in the lakes. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
This grey heron (Ardea cinerea) is using the back of a sambar deer as a lookout post. (Photo copyright © by Kaj Halberg)
"Push! Push!"
Shortly before sunset, on our way towards the park entrance, the car engine emits a number of coughing sounds, and then the jeep comes to a complete stop. The driver disembarks, proceeding to pump petrol by using the hand pump. After several attempts, the engine starts again.
We leave the park, but soon the same problem occurs. This time, the driver's pumping is in vain, but, as we only have to negotiate a small hill, before going downhill, he requests us to push the jeep. We struggle with the heavy vehicle, while the driver shouts: "Push! Push!" Finally, when we reach the top of the hill, we enjoy a well-deserved rest.
We proceed, zooming downhill, but haven't gone far, before the car again comes to a stop. We shall have to disembark and push again. The driver becomes more and more agitated, shouting his: "Push! Push!"
It seems that this is one of the few English words he commands – but we must admit that in this situation it is rather relevant. The jeep jumps like a rabbit a couple of times, ignites, drives a couple of hundred metres, and then comes to a complete stop again.
By now, we are utterly exhausted, and when the driver wants us to push the car up a particularly steep hill, we refuse, making it clear to him that we intend to walk the 10 km back to Sawai Madhopur, even though the Moon is new, and it is dark as in the grave. We instruct him to walk back to Yogi Mahal to get help from the staff there, whereupon we commence walking down the road.
The darkness is so intense that we cannot see the blackish asphalt in front of us, but if we encounter soft grass we know that we are not on the road anymore. The driver has decided to follow us. Behind us, we hear his fine patent-leather shoes on the asphalt: "Clop! Clop! Clop!" Then suddenly the sound ceases. We continue in silence.
A couple of minutes later, I say: "What happened to him?"
"Yes," someone answers from the dark, "I've been wondering the same thing!"
"Yes," the others chime in.
"After all, we are in tiger land!" I say.
My companions make no comment to this, and we continue our journey. Nobody feels the slightest inclination to go back to find out what has happened to our driver.
We agree that if a car is heading for Sawai Madhopur, we are going to block the road, forcing the car to stop. Finally, we hear the welcome sound of an engine behind us, and we spread out, blocking the road. A jeep moves towards us, slows down and comes to a complete stop. Who disembarks? None other than our driver! After all, he has not been abducted by a tiger!
With a huge smile on his face (the only one we have seen all day) he explains, in Hindi, supplemented by sign language, that the petrol pump was full of dirt, and that he has sucked it out.
"Well done!" we say (in Danish), wondering why on Earth he didn't think of that earlier.
"Push! Push!" our driver shouted, as if it was an easy task pushing the heavy jeep uphill! (Photo copyright © by Niels Peter Andreasen)
"His name is Muhammed!"
Now we zoom back to our hotel. At the desk, I request the young receptionist to explain to the driver that we would like to go into the park the following morning at 6:30.
"Yes-yes," he says, smiling, but apart from that he does absolutely nothing.
"Ask him!" I say once more.
"Yes-yes," he answers, again smiling widely.
I repeat four or five times, but each time he just smiles, obviously not understanding a word of what I'm saying. I get more and more desperate, but then, finally, it seems to penetrate. However, he doesn't get an opportunity to speak to the driver. While he has been digesting my instructions, I have handed our driver 250 Rupees, the sum we agreed to pay for the jeep rent. However, he is not at all satisfied, babbling about one o'clock, long time, and the like. Despite his long speech, he doesn't succeed in getting more money out of us.
Another driver, who has overheard our 'conversation', approaches us. He speaks some English, offering to drive for us the following morning. I proceed to negotiate with him.
"His name is Muhammed!" interrupts the young receptionist, smiling all over his face, filled with pleasure that he has been able to convey this important piece of information to me.
"Is that so," I say. "I'm pleased to hear that."
I resume my negotiations with Muhammed, arguing about the price, when the receptionist once again, with a huge smile on his face, interrupts us, saying: "His name is Muhammed!"
I give him a deadly look, and, finally, we are allowed to complete our negotiations. Behind us, my four friends are rolling with laughter.
More tiger tracking
In accordance with our agreement, Muhammed is waiting for us the following morning at 6:30. Today, we have no difficulties getting a tracker for our trip. He turns out to be quite keen, soon spotting fresh tiger tracks on the road. Full of expectations, we scan the landscape, but without any luck. He points out spotted deer, sambar deer, nilgai, crocodile and many other animals. Again, he spots tiger tracks on the road – but no tiger.
As time goes by, he points less, instead spending his energy talking to the driver. Then a striking silence prevails on the front seat. I bend forward to have a closer look – the tracker is slumbering peacefully! At this time, not much activity is taking place around us, so we let him sleep.
Later, he awakes, returning to his old self. We are soon going to leave the park, and he doesn't want to miss his tip. Naturally, he gets one.
(Uploaded February 2016)
(Latest update December 2019)
Text & photographs © Kaj Halberg, 2015. All rights reserved. Contact: respectnature108@gmail.com


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FCB: Too many ads based on fashion, not fact
Analyst, Peter Field.
"Half of my advertising is wasted - but no one can tell me which half!"
There's doubt about whether William Hesketh Lever or John Wanamaker actually said this (both brilliant late 19th century business pioneers).
Ever since, marketers have sought to eliminate this perceived "waste". But David Thomason, chief strategist at advertising agency FCB, suggests the quote is worth closer scrutiny.
"How did they know half of their advertising wasn't effective? What if little of it was wasted, and it was working in important ways they just couldn't see?"
Thomason believes there's too much marketing rhetoric today based on fashion rather than fact.
"Despite the evidence, many believe we should shift our emphasis away from broadcast advertising [addressing multiple audiences] and target core customers and "fans" who will spread your message.
"But we need to pause, and look carefully at what's actually happened."
Digital technology has driven the quest for efficiency to new heights. The ad industry has evolved significantly, taking advantage of new media channels and creative opportunities, and introducing new principles for effectiveness.
But many, like Thomason, believe we over-reacted when we rewrote some of the rules.
The internet really started changing advertising about 15 years ago, spawning numerous digital evangelists.
The theory went that at last, through clever analysis, marketers would accurately target only the people ready to buy their product. Not only would that eliminate expensive wastage; advertising could become personally relevant.
As consumers took control of online media for their own social purposes, the idea was they would seek out and pass on those messages - for free. Many researchers declared that "a friend's recommendation" was the strongest influencer, without considering what influenced those friends in the first place.
Substantial evidence had shown that very creative campaigns tend to out-perform more ordinary ones. Now creatively engaging campaigns would be even more powerful; carrying the messages to millions via new, free, audience-driven networks.
Various derogatory phrases were introduced to describe the suddenly old-fashioned approach; 'spray and pray'; 'interruption marketing'; and possibly the most damning: 'traditional advertising'.
The new approach would save money. It also sounded wonderfully modern - even morally appealing. Audiences would no longer be bothered by unwelcome marketing communications.
"Unfortunately", Thomason says, "it's time to admit that, although technology has boosted our arsenal considerably, it hasn't quite worked out as some predicted."
The Ehrenberg Institute led the evidence-based charge. Byron Sharp's 2010 book How Brands Grow outlined their argument: brands must continually recruit new customers, rather than target a loyal base of fans.
This year Procter and Gamble, the world's largest advertiser, reduced their spend on highly targeted advertising. Marc Pritchard, P&G's chief marketing officer, said the company realised it took the strategy too far: "We targeted too much, and we went too narrow."
In the latest Gunn report, an analysis of 20 years of case studies, entitled Creativity and effectiveness under threat, analyst Peter Field blames a reduction in effectiveness on a move away from highly visible media: "Budget investment behind creativity has fallen sharply... and short-termism has grown dramatically."
In Field and Binet's November 2016 paper, Marketing in the Digital Age, they declare "Penetration (through more customers rather than loyalty) is the main driver of brand growth" and "mass media are still crucial for effectiveness".
FCB's Thomason says: "One of the strangest moves in recent advertising history - one FCB managed to avoid - was to separate media agencies from creative agencies when we need to coordinate more closely than ever.
"It's clear that if brand-building creativity comes at the expense of broadcast media support, whatever the channel, it fails. Marketers of big brands still need to prioritise continuous exposure to large numbers of people. Unfortunately, traditional or online, we still have to buy those eyeballs."
Cambridge University researchers Amber and Hollier, possibly reached the most provocative conclusion. Their 2004 paper was entitled The waste in advertising is the part that works.
They clearly took into account the foibles of human psychology. Challenging the conventional wisdom that waste should be minimised, they stated: "Waste contributes to advertising effectiveness by increasing its credibility."
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Long Island School Closures for Tuesday, January 26th, 2016
Home » Education » Annual Snowfall Totals » School Closings on Long Island » School Closures on January 26th, 2016
Three days after a massive blizzard hit the region, Long Islanders are still digging out from under all the snow. Though much progress has been made in clearing LI's major roads, many streets are still blanketed in a layer of the wintry powder making them difficult to drive over. As a result, some schools on the Island have chosen to remain closed for one more day.
Schools Closed On January 26. 2016:
Infant Jesus RC Church Religious Education - Classes Cancelled
Saint Joseph's Faith Formation - Classes Cancelled
Twin Oaks Country Day School - Open, No Transportation
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For the most recent updates on Long Island school closures and delays, please head to our Snow Closures Main Page.
As schools reported to us on Sunday, January 26th, 2016. Not an official state record.
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