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Lessons From the Great Depression for Today
This is how people survived America's worst economic crisis.
Valuable Lessons From the Great Depression
To this day, the Great Depression is the worst economic downturn the world has ever seen. Almost overnight, millions of Americans went from raucous Roaring '20s parties in speakeasies to cobbling together cardboard houses on the street.
These photos from the Great Depression offer a look into the people who lived during these times and what they had to do to survive. The historic photos are not just of breadlines and Hoovervilles, but also of veterans clashing with police, great dust storms, striking farmers and migrant workers struggling to make ends meet. Through these snapshots, we can glean a history of America's bleakest era.
The Great Depression lasted 10 years. This is what it looked like and what we can learn from that tumultuous time.
What Was the Great Depression?
Reasons for the Great Depression can vary among economists, but several factors aren't argued. Perhaps most importantly, wild speculation and consumer overconfidence bolstered by the Roaring '20s inflated stock prices beyond reason. The average worker borrowed on margin, letting just about anyone — including those with not enough money — to borrow and buy stocks. Some people were only putting down 10 percent of the share value.
At the same time, an agricultural recession went ignored and the Fed hiked interest rates by 1 percent a few weeks before the stock market crash, which caused further instability in the market. Then, when the market finally crashed, there was a mad rush to withdraw money from the banks. But those banks didn't have the cash to give back, because they too had invested in the market. By 1933, roughly half of America's banks were dead.
Above: Around 5,000 people lined up for employment relief in New York City on Nov. 24, 1933.
October 24, 1929 — Black Tuesday
People gather on the sub-treasury building steps across from the New York Stock Exchange in New York on Black Thursday, Oct. 24, 1929.
Black Thursday is the day that kicked off the Great Recession, but stock market troubles had been brewing six weeks before then. The market closed at its record height at 381.2 on Sept. 3, 1929, but trended downward, and as it did, more and more people sold their stocks, causing the market to fall more and more. By Black Tuesday, the Dow hit 230.07, down 12 percent the day before.
It kept falling, too. The market fell to its lowest point on July 8, 1932, closing at 41.22. It had lost 90 percent of its value since its height.
Breadlines Began Fast
For some, the Great Depression started immediately. Within a few months or less, bread lines had to be opened. Above, early victims of the Great Depression wait for food in New York City's Lower East Side on Jan. 1, 1930. It was just a hint of things to come.
Food lines during the Great Depression are interchangeably called breadlines, although bread usually wasn't what they gave out. "Breadline" may have been coined by the Vienna Bakery in New York City in 1876. Instead of throwing out old bread, the bakery owner would hand it out to the homeless who lined up outside.
Millionaires Went Bankrupt Overnight
The Great Depression brought the wealthy to shacks and newspaper blanket nights just like everyone else.
Pictured here is Fred Bell, a man who invested enough of his $75,000 inheritance into the stock market to become a multimillionaire in the 1920s. Known as "Champagne Fred" during better times, he was reduced to selling apples on a street corner in San Francisco, California.
"Now I have nothing except these," Bell told the Healdsburg Tribune in 1931, pointing to a box of apples at his feet. "But do you know I really think I have something: I never had before, a kind of happiness, if you know what I mean."
This photograph was taken on March 7, 1931. Bell was 57 years old. He died in a poor house in 1936.
'I Am for Sale'
As the Great Depression continued, more and more Americans were out of work. By 1931, the unemployment rate was at 15.9 percent.
In this photo, 30-year-old Robley D. Stevens wears a sign that reads: "I am for sale. I must have work or starve," while standing on a sidewalk in Baltimore, Maryland in August 1931.
Looking for Any Opportunity
Any mention of jobs would summon thousands of men willing to work.
This photo was taken on Oct. 9, 1930, outside Cleveland's City Hall.
About 2,000 jobs were made available for city park improvements, a rare opportunity in such dark times.
Protests Erupted Around the Country
Across the country, protests and small riots broke out. In this photo, some 1,000 out-of-work people march on San Francisco City Hall on Jan. 19, 1931, to protest wage cuts. On the podium is San Francisco Mayor Angelo Joseph Rossi, who said he would answer their demands publicly but not at all. The crowd, wanting a delegation to be heard, were denied one. They also didn't let him speak.
Rossi was an ardent anti-Communist who called on the California governor to send in the National Guard during the 1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike, which led to the death of two workers. In 1942, he was accused of being a fascist and was defeated for reelection in 1943.
Hunger Marches
Many of the protests during the Great Depression era came in the form of hunger marches, a form of protest where people march in solidarity from one place of high unemployment to a place of governance. Sometimes people walked for days. One group walked from New Jersey to Washington, D.C.
In the United States, these protests were composed of people who demanded things like unemployment insurance, cash payments, free utilities and free lunch for children.
This photo was taken on Nov. 22, 1932, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Hunger marchers swarmed the Minneapolis City Hall but were met by police guarding the doors. Fighting ensued, and 18 people were arrested.
Women's Emergency Brigade
The Women's Emergency Brigade was established in Flint, Michigan in January 1937.
The Brigade was formed by wives and relatives of General Motors auto workers who were on strike because of horrible working conditions and low wages. Workers sat down and occupied the GM plant.
The Brigade was there to protect the strikers, and they meant business. The women carried clubs and wore berets and armbands with EB on them to signify they were ready to fight. One of the Brigade's founders was quoted in The New York Times saying, "We will form a line around the men, and if the police want to fire then, they'll just have to fire into us."
There were two other chapters in Lansing and Detroit. The Brigades were temporary but was a sign of a new wave of feminism.
This picture was taken outside of a Chevrolet plant in Flint, Michigan on Feb. 2, 1937.
Dairy Farmer Strikes
Beginning in 1933, dairy farmers demanded higher prices for milk and staged aggressive and sometimes violent strikes.
In Wisconsin and other states, pickets stopped milk trucks and put down tire breakers to prevent dairy deliveries. They vandalized cheese factories, threw rocks through grocery store windows and sometimes overturned delivery cars carrying milk. The worst strikes happened in Wisconsin, where several people died, and cheese and dairy factories were bombed.
In this photo, striking dairy farmers dump milk from a truck on its way to a plant in Boonville, New York, on Aug. 19, 1939.
The Dust Bowl
Further exacerbating the Great Depression was the Dust Bowl, which began in 1930 with severe droughts across the Great Plains. By 1931, miles and miles of parched fields sowed and an again by untrained farmers had turned to dust.
Dust clouds that stretched to the heavens propelled by strong winds ripped across the Midwest, engulfing entire towns. Living with the dust became part of daily life.
In this photo, a farmer in Garden City, Kansas, is photographed on March 30, 1935. He is standing near livestock that were unable to graze and starved to death. He was unable to afford animal feed to make up for the barren landscape.
'The Nightmare Is Becoming Life'
The worst of the storms in the Dust Bowl was known as Black Sunday, an immense dust storm on April 14, 1935, that is estimated to have blown some 300 million tons of topsoil from the Oklahoma panhandle to Amarillo, Texas, and beyond.
"The impact is like a shovelful of fine sand flung against the face," Avis D. Carlson wrote in a New Republic article. "People caught in their own yards grope for the doorstep. Cars come to a standstill, for no light in the world can penetrate that swirling murk. ... We live with the dust, eat it, sleep with it, watch it strip us of possessions and the hope of possessions. It is becoming Real. The poetic uplift of spring fades into a phantom of the storied past. The nightmare is becoming life."
This photo was taken a day after Black Sunday, on April 15. It shows a ranch in Boise City, Oklahoma, about to be engulfed in a black cloud of dust.
Migrating to California
Many people left dust-buried prairies and migrated to California, looking for work.
This is a photo of a makeshift house built on wooden platforms in a camp for Dust Bowl migrants near Marysville, California, taken on May 18, 1937.
Children During the Great Depression
In 1933, the average family income was $1,500, down from $2,300 in 1929. Children suffered greatly under such duress. Families lived not only in the shacks of Hoovervilles, but wherever they could find shelter.
In Oakland, California, families lived in a network of unused, above-ground sewer pipes. Many families crammed into one-room ramshackle houses in squalid conditions. Families were abandoned by fathers and mothers. Sometimes children left home.
By 1940, more than 200,000 homeless children wandered the country.
In this photo, a nurse cares for the children of migratory farmworkers in Arvin, California, on Jan. 18, 1937.
A Christmas Meal
At the beginning of the Great Depression, there was no real federal aid for the unemployed and hungry. Food stamps would not be a thing until 1939. People had to depend on state and local governments for assistance, and, since that would never be enough, people depended on one another.
This is a photo of homeless and out-of-work men at a place called the Tub in New York City. The Tub was a soup kitchen run by a philanthropist named Urbain Ledoux, a humanitarian Baháí who fed unemployed workers and veterans after World War I.
This picture was taken on Dec. 25, 1931. The Christmas meal served was a stew made of turkey, chicken, goose, and squab. According to AP at the time, almost 5,000 people partook and had some of the food.
The Mexican Repatriation
President Hoover deported about 1.8 million Mexican-Americans for supposedly stealing American jobs. Under the dog-whistle slogan of "American jobs for real Americans," the Hoover administration passed laws to prevent Mexican-Americans from holding jobs at both federal and local levels regardless of their citizenship.
Law enforcement raided Mexican communities and rounded up people wherever they gathered, demanded proof of citizenship and legal entry. Those who couldn't were crammed into a van and sent to the border for processing and deportation. One researcher found that 60 percent of the 1.8 million Mexicans deported during the 1930s were U.S. citizens.
FDR didn't ban the repatriation programs, and they did not die out until World War II. Then the government decided that Mexicans were good for America, because the country needed them for war.
The above photo was taken by Dorothea Lange in 1936. It shows a family of Mexicans with car trouble on the side of a road.
Mile-Long Food Lines
A mile-long line of men wait along Broadway in New York City for their ration of a sandwich and a cup of coffee in Times Square on Feb. 13, 1932.
In order to try and reduce the federal deficit, Hoover signed the Revenue Act of 1932 which increased the top income tax rate to 63 percent. It made the economy even worse. A month after signing the bill, the Dow bottomed out.
Two years prior in 1930, Hoover had signed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which raised tariff rates and helped usher in the Depression.
Hoovervilles
Hoover was so detested that the ramshackle tents and shacks which popped up along rivers throughout the nation were nicknamed Hoovervilles, a phrase coined by a newspaper reporter in 1930.
These homes were made with discarded materials, cardboard, tar, sheet metal, packing boxes, straw or whatever other scrap was available. Life in a Hooverville was grim.
This photo was taken on March 20, 1933, in Seattle, Washington. 1933 was the worst year of the recession with more than 15 million people — 25 percent of the workforce — unemployed.
Hoovervilles Were Tolerated ... Usually
Hoovervilles were often tolerated and its residents sympathized with, although not always.
Some city officials ordered the burning of these tent cities, which is what happened in this photo. This picture was taken on Oct. 27, 1932, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Men were given a notice to vacate order from the city but did not, so their places were burned. They were redirected to a homeless shelter to spend the winter.
'Nobody is Actually Starving'
"Nobody is actually starving," Hoover told reporters in 1932, when the country was deep into the Great Depression and millions depended on soup kitchens to survive. "The hobos, for example, are better fed than they ever have been. One hobo in New York got 10 meals in one day."
Along with tent cities being called Hoovervilles, empty upturned pockets were called Hoover flags. Hoover leather was cardboard used to line a shoe. A Hoover wagon was a car with its engine removed and horses hitched to it.
In the photo above, a former cigarmaker named Albert Wendt cooks food on the streets of Chicago on June 22, 1938.
Communism Gains Popularity
Given the absence of any federal support and the inability of local governments to help its people, it's not surprising that the Communist Party found new support. It also gave a convenient reason for the government to enact harsh and brutal responses of rebellion in the name of democracy.
The AP photo is captioned thusly: This aerial view shows Communist protesters and radical sympathizers gathered in Union Square in New York City, Aug. 1, 1932. The estimated crowd of 10,000 men, women and children are demonstrating against war.
Rise of the Bonus Army
A war veteran sleeps on the sidewalk by his wife on the streets of Washington, D.C., on July 29, 1932. They both had been evicted.
War veterans had a unique role in the Great Depression. The Bonus Act of 1924 granted World War I veterans a bonus of up to $500 for those who served stateside and up to $625 for those who served overseas. However, many of these bonuses could not be collected until 1945.
Thousands of war veterans united to form the Bonus Army, a group protest group that demanded early payout of the bonus they desperately needed now.
The Bonus Army Clashes With Police
Some 17,000 war veterans descended on Washington, D.C., in mid-1932 to demand early payouts of the bonuses owed to them.
The Bonus Army, along with their families and other protest groups, set up a Hooverville near the Anacostia River. The makeshift community numbered around 10,000.
On June 17, protesters waited anxiously on a bill approving early bonus payments. It had easily passed the House. But it died in the Senate, where it was overwhelmingly voted down. Hoover himself directed Congress to vote out the bill, believing that its $2.4 billion cost was too expensive.
On July 1932, Hoover ordered the removal of the Bonus Army and their Hooverville. The Bonus Army fought hard with police, and two veterans were shot and killed.
Federal Troops Burn the Bonus Army's Tents
After the shooting — and unfounded fears that the Bonus Army would turn into a Communist uprising — Hoover sent in the Army.
Maj. George Patton led the cavalry and Gen. Douglas McArthur commanded 1,000 infantry and six tanks. The troops shot teargas into the protesters and drove them back into their pathetic huts. When a spectator shouted "The American flag means nothing to me after this," Gen. MacArthur reportedly instructed his troops to arrest the man if he spoke again.
This photo shows a federal troop walking among the burning Hooverville along the Anacostia River on July 29, 1932.
Hoover Seals His Fate
The protesters were given an hour to evacuate their homes before the tents were methodically gassed and set ablaze. In the morning, nothing was left.
Hoover's decision to act in such a brutal and inhumane way was deeply unpopular and a contributing factor to the landslide victory of his opponent, Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
The general election was held just five months later. The incident was fresh in the public's memory.
Migrant Mother
"Migrant Mother" by Dorothea Lange is one of the most famous photos in American history. It was taken in March of 1936 in Nipomo, California. Twenty-four years after snapping this iconic photograph, Lange said this of her experience:
"I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet. I do not remember how I explained my presence or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions.
I made five exposures, working closer and closer from the same direction. I did not ask her name or her history. She told me her age, that she was thirty-two. She said that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding fields, and birds that the children killed. She had just sold the tires from her car to buy food.
There she sat in that lean-to tent with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my pictures might help her, and so she helped me. There was a sort of equality about it."
Migrant Workers Slept in Fields
A photograph by Lange shows migrant workers inside a pickup truck in central California on April 5, 1939.
Farmers who lost everything and were forced to move were called "Okies" because roughly 20 percent of them were from Oklahoma. But California was also suffering from the Great Depression and the influx of workers oversaturated the labor pool, creating poverty wages.
Migrant workers — who often brought their entire family — would move from one place of harvest to the next, having to constantly move around. They often set up camp in farmer's fields near irrigation ditches.
Breadlines Continued into the Late 1930s
While the Great Depression is considered to have ended by the late 1930s, the unemployment rate was 15 percent in 1940. In November 2020, the unemployment rate in the U.S. was 6.7 percent.
In this photo, which was taken in Cleveland in May 1938, parents and children stand in line waiting for potatoes and cabbages sent in by the federal government. Local funds supplying 78,000 with direct relief had been exhausted.
Revitalizing the Economy
The New Deal established the Public Works Administration, which the government poured billions of dollars in to build new roads, dams, bridges, schools, hospitals and other public infrastructure. At least three million people received jobs because of the PWA.
This photo of PWA workers building a road was taken in Dickenson County, Virginia, in July 1939.
FDR Signs the Emergency Banking Relief Act
On March 9, 1933, FDR signed the Emergency Banking Relief Act.
The bill was designed to restore consumer confidence and enough trust in the banks that people would take their cash from underneath their mattresses to the teller window. The bill strengthened federal regulations on banks and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
This was an emergency bill that would be succeeded by the 1933 Banking Act, often referred to as the Glass-Steagall Act. The Glass-Steagall stopped commercial banks from investment banking so banks would not be able to use their credits to speculate on the market.
That bill was repealed in 1999 by the Gramm-Leach-Biley Act. Some believe its repeal contributed to the Great Recession.
FDR's New Deal certainly helped, but it wouldn't be until the 1940s and the post-war boom that America would return to and then surpass its GDP from its height in 1929.


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Symbicort TV Spot, 'Wolf: Coloring Princesses'
KFC Red Velvet Cake TV Spot, 'Bike'
American Academy of Dermatology TV Spot, 'Stop Tanning'
Target TV Spot, 'Hide and Seek'
Burger King Chicken Nuggets TV Spot, 'Is That Right?'
McDonald's Happy Meal TV Spot, 'The Lion King: Hakuna Matata' Song by Billy Eichner & Seth Rogen
McDonald's Grand McExtreme Bacon Burger TV Spot, 'Popular in Spain'
McDonald's TV Spot, 'Worldwide Favorites: Grand McExtreme Bacon Burger'
McDonald's TV Spot, 'Friendly Neighbor'
McDonald's + Uber Eats TV Spot, 'McDelivery Doorbell' Song by Della Reese
McDonald's McChicken and Chicken McNuggets TV Spot, 'James and Jada'
McDonald's $1 Any Size Hot Coffee TV Spot, 'Bringing People Together'
McDonald's Chicken McNuggets TV Commercial, 'A Better McNugget'
Quick Serve
Products: McDonald's McNuggets, McDonald's Happy Meal
Actors: Echo Campbell, John Hoogenakker
Songs: Time After Time - Cyndi Lauper
The 74th Annual Golden Globe Awards on NBC
About McDonald's Chicken McNuggets TV Commercial, 'A Better McNugget'
A side by side frame shows a little boy growing up a couple decades in the past, next to a little girl in the present-day. He passes everything along to her while a cover of Cyndi Lauper's "Time After Time" plays. The boy shows her how to play basketball, and throws the ball across the frame so that she can try. When he moves his stuffed dog toward her, it turns into a real Corgi puppy. They end the day at McDonald's, where the young boy passes his McNugget to her, and then slides on over into her frame where he ages and becomes her father. He grew up with McDonald's Happy Meals and continues the tradition with his own daughter. McDonald's is the official restaurant of the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio.
McDonald's McNuggets, McDonald's Happy Meal
"I'm Lovin' It"
Time After Time - Cyndi Lauper
http://www.mcdonalds.com/philosophy
2016 Summer Olympics Aug 5, 2016 - Aug 21, 2016
Echo Campbell ... Actor/Actress, Zachary Rifkin ... Actor/Actress, John Hoogenakker ... Voice Over)
More McDonald's Commercials
Burger King Chicken Nuggets
McDonald's 20-Piece McNuggets
KFC Nashville Hot Chicken
Sonic Drive-In Buffalo Boneless Wings
KFC 10-Piece Meal
McDonald's Chicken McNuggets TV Spot, 'A Better McNugget'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Biografia
Specialista delle prove veloci attivo dal gennaio del 2012, Etxezarreta ha esordito in Coppa Europa il 21 dicembre 2017 a Reiteralm in supergigante, senza completare la prova, ai Campionati mondiali a Åre 2019 (40º nella discesa libera, non ha completato il supergigante) e in Coppa del Mondo il 30 novembre 2019 a Lake Louise in discesa libera (59º). Ai Mondiali di Cortina d'Ampezzo 2021 non ha completato né la discesa libera né il supergigante; l'anno dopo, il 14 gennaio 2022, ha conquistato a Tarvisio in discesa libera il primo podio in Coppa Europa (2º) e ai successivi XXIV Giochi olimpici invernali di , suo esordio olimpico, si è classificato 17º nella discesa libera e non ha completato il supergigante.

Palmarès

Coppa Europa
 Miglior piazzamento in classifica generale: 32º nel 2022
 1 podio:
 1 secondo posto

Campionati spagnoli
 4 medaglie:
 1 oro (supergigante nel 2019)
 2 argenti (supergigante nel 2014; supergigante nel 2021)
 1 bronzo (slalom speciale nel 2013)

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Gavin M.
St. Louis to Dublin
Where to begin? This trip has already been pretty amazing. This world is a big one and I feel blessed to be even able to travel it.
To start, my trip began a bit unpredictable as my connecting flight to Dublin from Toronto was delayed 3 hours. So I just sat around the Toronto Airport and drank a bunch of Molson (Canadian Lager), hahaha.
When we finally boarded at 1 am, I was sat next to a gentleman I would come to know and befriend named Don Cummer. Unbeknownst to me, he is kind of a big deal in the writing world having published a series of historical fiction novels about two friends who came up right before the War of 1812, one Canadian and one American and the complications of that politically and historically. He is even published by Scholastic! He also writes children's books for which he is pretty well known. I will link Don's website at the bottom of this page so you can look into him. Oh also, he was a musician who traveled Europe during his younger years bopping around just like me now.
Anyway, so I was on this flight and Don was a naturally friendly human and we begin talking so I explain that I am over in Europe traveling and playing music and he mentions that his Irish wife Paula was the niece of none other than Dubliners legend, Luke Kelly (This is a big deal as almost all Irish folks and many non-Irish know who the Legend Luke Kelly is). Fast forward to the end of the flight after we get out of customs, Don encourages me to meet Paula and is adamant that they could give me a ride to my AirBNB. As a solo traveler you do your best not to put anyone out and to stay in your own lane, but there are people in this world who WILL prove to you people are great. Paul and Don were these people.
As I exited the airport Paula was asked by Don if they could give me a ride and very quickly she sprung into host mode and scurried to her vehicle to move boxes so my guitar could fit into the vehicle. I was floored because I am a stranger to these folks, you know? I could have just kept on my way and found a ride, but the kindness of a Canadian and an Irish made me see the same special orb of humanity is in all people, it is just how we decide to access it. Don also ended up meeting with me a couple afternoons later and we had some Guinness at O'Donoghues (where the Dubliners' and Luke Kelly used to frequent when they were in their hay day). Don walked me around St. Stephen's green (a local park that is full of vibrant beauty, vegetation, and wildlife) and told me about the shootout of Easter 1916 where a set of 160 Irish Rebels tried to take the Shelbourne Hotel (a hotel that sits directly across from it's northern side) from the British who had been occupying it. I could go on and on about this story, like most history, but if you are interested..read about it! He was full of knowledge of the Irish and how they got their independence and explained Michael Collins and other Irish figures in history.
As I walked the windy streets of Dublin I played "Where The Streets Have No Name" by U2 into my headphones. I wanted to feel the ground of Dublin and the weather in my face as I walked through the city that had seen many catastrophic ups and downs over the years.
What would I make overall of the city? I would say they are a humble people, but it is a very very international city and welcomes many different types of people from Muslims to Catholics. From French to American. From Canadian to German. Dublin is only a small taste of what Ireland truly bears. As I return on November 13, I will witness more of Ireland and get to travel to the countryside a bit. I am very very excited about that. The high end popular touristy area called Temple Bar was also very nice, but I found the other parts of Dublin to be much more interesting.
I will have much more to say about Dublin as I will be spending another 2-3 days there near the end of my trip.
I am writing this while in my Manchester, UK AirBNB and will have much to say about England, but want to take another few days to gather info.
Check out my photos from Dublin below!
Myself and Don Cummer having one of the best tasting Guiness's I have ever had at O'Donoghue's
The sign outside O'Donoghues, the famous pub where The Dubliners used to frequent.
A photo I found at Temple Bar live of U2 during the filming of Gloria.
Toner's Pub (Built in 1734 -- That's older than Guiness)
St Andrew's Church is a former parish church of the Church of Ireland that is located in St Andrew's Street, Dublin, Ireland. It now houses the Central Tourist Office. (1665)
Fusiliers' Arch is a monument which forms part of the Grafton Street entrance to St Stephen's Green park, in Dublin, Ireland. Erected in 1907, it was dedicated to the officers, non-commissioned officers and enlisted men of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers who fought and died in the Second Boer War (1899–1902).
Myself in front of one of the ponds at St. Stephen's Green, Dublin.
A Dublin street corner that features Irish and English.
A wool knit brand that is the same as my given last name: McNutt
Stained glass at the National Gallery of Ireland depicting the crusifixion of Jesus Christ.
This is The Liberties, Dublin. This is where my AirBnB was.
Also, if you would like to learn more about Don Cummer, please follow this link.
So long for now and I will update you on England shortly as I want to be able to have time to reflect!
Manchester to Nottingham
One week away...
25 days with a guitar and a carry-on.


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text: Mycobatidae zijn  een familie van mijten. Bij de familie zijn 20 geslachten met circa 135 soorten ingedeeld.


text:
Q: have problem for bind custom row and column in datagridview c# windows form I have a datagridview in my winform and i have a sql table information (figure 1) :
figure1
i want to bind those informations to datagridview like figure 2 :figuer2
how i can do that?
can i have dynamic code? for example when add another car code to table ,datagrid automaticaly add new info
I would appreciate if u helped me with this.
//this code work fine to create datagridview for figure 1 :
Copy Code
str = " select * from V_ProductPlanYears where 1=1  ";
               SqlDataAdapter SqlDa = new SqlDataAdapter(str, conDb10);
               DataTable dt = new DataTable();
               SqlDa.Fill(dt);
               dgvProductPlanning.DataSource = dt;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Grants and Fundraisers
Help a Child in Need
2021 Giving Highlights
Partners and Supporters
Variety of Great Britain
To mark the beginning of celebrations to mark its 25th anniversary of the Freedom Wheelchair Programme, as well as International Wheelchair Day, five wheelchairs were presented to the Variety Children's Hospital at King's College London.
We received an application for the manual junior wheelchairs from the nursing staff. The Cheyne Wing of the hospital houses five specialist children's wards, each of which has been granted its own dedicated wheelchair. Below are the words of the Ward Manager about the need for the wheelchairs and why Variety had to help:
"We are lacking wheelchairs in our unit and this is a big setback in the road to recovery for our children. They are unable to get out of bed, therefore staying in bed for much of the time which then leads to a prolonged stay in hospital. Some of the children need a wheelchair to transport them to the x-ray, scan or eye departments, and to get them to the hospital school. We are unable to do it in a timely manner due to lack of wheelchairs available and they are missing their slots due to delay in getting to other departments. Parents become increasingly upset when their children's appointments are missed. Nurses are extremely frustrated due to time wasted in looking for, or in locating, a wheelchair. Hence, this is my reason for requesting each ward a wheelchair so that we can deliver care effectively and efficiently."
The Cheyne Wing is part of the Variety Children's Hospital. It treats and cares for more than 40,000 sick children each year. Featuring a dedicated critical care centre, a day care unit, the world's largest children's liver unit, and allowing parents to stay overnight with their children in specially-prepared beds on the wards, the hospital's state of the art facilities are saving and changing lives. This relatively small donation, in terms of cost, will have a significant impact on the hospital and continues a long-standing relationship of support between Variety and King's College Hospital London.
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text:
Senior Software Development Engineer
40000.00 - 49000.00 GBP Annual
Do you wish to become a Senior Software Development Engineer and be part of an organisation that develops cutting edge technologies which protect our atmosphere from toxic gases?
Due to impressive periods of growth, a world leader in gas management systems is actively seeking a Senior Software Development Engineer job to design and develop bespoke applications based in Burgess Hill. This organisation's products are integral to the development of products for a wide variety of industries in a range of processes for both scientific instruments and various R&D applications. The company is the world's number one leader in these bespoke, high–speed, sophisticated solutions for clients worldwide in an increasing number of applications.
The Senior Software Development Engineer job will require somebody to:
–Work closely with Software & electronics engineers to deliver smart device, edge computing and cloud–based software.
–Keep track of new smart device, edge, and cloud software technologies and how they are being used in industrial applications.
–Develop all aspects of work across the full life–cycle of software technology projects: including road–maps, proposals, product designs and test results.
The Key skills/experience of the Senior Software Development Engineer job:
–At least five years programming experience in in C/C++ or C# and ideally Python.
–Experience of programming languages and cloud–based applications, specifically ideally on Windows and Linux platforms
–Awareness of Machine Learning (ML) principles and practices with a working knowledge of Machine Learning libraries, such as TensorFLow, PyTorch, SciKit, Pandas etc.
–Experience of using cloud service platforms for IoT applications: e.G. AWS IoT, Microsoft Azure.
This division has been set up future proof the organisation's products and develop the most up to date and latest technologies.
This is an exciting time and a fantastic opportunity to join a highly successful, world leader in their field that offers abundance of customised training, development, and career progression as a Senior Software Development Engineer.
If you are interested in this Senior Software Development Engineer job based in Burgess Hill or are interested in similar jobs please contact Ricky Wilcocks on (phone number removed) or email (url removed).
Visit and follow Redline Group
LinkedIn:(url removed)/company/redline–group–ltd
South East England, South, London, South West
Base Salary: £120k	Benefits: Executive level Car/Allowance, Generous Pension Scheme, Family Health
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Engineering Full Time jobs in West Sussex


Best Games To Play Online – Have You Experienced This With Free Online Games?
Almost all free online game sites have tons of annoying spam, pop-up ads, flashing ads and banners, not to mention some are infected with viruses that can harm your computer. These ads can be very distracting and keep you from enjoying your experience. I don't know about you, but when I have some time to play online, I certainly don't want to be bothered by that kind of stuff or worry that my computer may be infected by a virus. So you ask, "Where are the best games to play online without the constant interference from these annoying ads? From trial and error, I have found the best place to play online.
1.) Play online free with no ads and virus free!
2.) Play full version downloads free for the first hour then buy for only $6.99 each!
3.) Play on PC and Mac computers, iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch!
4.) You can earn free downloadables with your membership punchcard!
5.) Online forums for members chat, reviews, walkthroughs, and more!
Where else can you get a new game released everyday? I believe that this site has the best to offer online hands down because of the variety and the true value they offer. There are also specials like the Daily Deal for $2.99 and Catch of the Week for $2.99! You would be hard pressed to beat those deals for full version downloadables!
There is something for everyone to play with hundreds of choices in 14 different genres. There are games for kids and adults alike. The most popular genres they have are hidden object, time management, match 3, puzzle, arcade and action, strategy, adventure, and much more. There are also World Premiere Exclusives that you can only play at their game site.
Is it really worth it playing free online on sites with all the spam ads and possible viruses? Are you tired of these sites trying to nickel and dime you at every turn? Do you worry about your kids playing on online sites that are not family oriented? Then you owe it to yourself and your family to get the best gaming experience online. This is not just the best online site, it is also a community where your satisfaction is guaranteed!
The great thing about landscape designers is that they help expand your horizons and present you with exciting possibilities. Professional designers spend every working day solving problems most of us only face once or twice a lifetime – no wonder they have better landscape design ideas than we do!
A landscape or garden designer has knowledge and training on plants and landscape construction and can provide you with drawings, construction details and lists of suppliers and plants. Landscape architects have a degree and belong to a licensed professional association; they generally do higher-end residential or larger commercial projects. Be sure to check credentials, references and ask to see a portfolio.
Designers and landscape architects can help the process of finding a contractor, getting permits and overseeing your project to completion.
It's difficult to generalize about fees, as they vary quite a bit, depending on where you live, the experience and training of the person you hire, and the scope of your project. A full landscape design (drawings showing landscape features and planting plan) can range from a couple of hundred dollars to over $1,000 or more, depending on the complexity of the design and the overall budget of the project.
Landscape designs for free? Too good to be true?
Be careful when garden centers or contractors offer "free" design services. They may be more interested in selling their plant inventory than creating a design that meets your needs. And the people hired to do these designs are generally not as experienced as someone who has invested time and training to become a professional landscape designer. Nothing is really free: design costs are built into the mark-up on plants and materials.
Be as clear as you can about what you want – a good reason to have pictures on hand. Garden magazines are full of inspiring ideas. Be upfront too about how much you have to spend. Professional landscaping usually costs a little more than you think it will.
Every spring, landscape madness grips every neighborhood in the country. "Let's do that project we've been thinking about," everybody says, all at the same time.
Spring fever means that landscape designers and contractors are run off their feet. If you want your work done early in the season, contact landscape pros the previous fall or in early winter – they'll love you for it – and you'll have their full attention.
Fall can be a much less hectic time to have a landscape project done – and it's still warm enough for construction and planting in many parts of the country. Of course, if you're lucky enough to live where winters are warm, landscape projects can be spread over more months of the year, but even so, spring is still a busy time.
For anyone who is looking for an online game to play, Sudoku is always an ideal option. Every Sudoku has a unique solution that can be reached logically. All one is required to do is to enter some numbers into the spaces that are blank in a way that each row, column as well as a 3×3 box, has the numbers one to nine. In simpler terms, the game can be primarily defined as a puzzle that contains nine large blocks that are divided into its individual matrix of nine cells. For you to solve this puzzle, some basic rules should be followed.
The main aim is to make sure that all the blank spaces are filled while following the simple instructions. Given that this numeric puzzle has different options as far as the levels are in question, one can choose levels that they are most comfortable in. Some of the levels are meant for the kids, others are easy while some are very difficult.
The players should also know that any given puzzle has only one solution. If at one point one finds out that they have filled two similar numbers in a row or a column, they have only two choices. They can either try the puzzle or try to find out where the mistake is. When one starts playing the game, they should keep in mind that the blocks that have been pre-filled cannot be changed to other games in the course of the game. How long an individual takes in solving the puzzle is completely dependent on the level of skills as well as the difficulty of the puzzle.
The best thing about this game is the fact that one can get hold of all the Sudoku games they may wish to have unlike the periodicals that come with only a single Sudoku.


Period Chats: Jenni Mailley – History. Heritage. Hilarity.
Jenni Mailley is a 24 year old primary school teacher working and living in Glasgow. She tells us what it is like to be a teacher in Scotland, how she realised she wished to be an educator and the importance of being a 'hoarder'.
I tried to compose a short list of things that are important in my day that have an impact on the pupils in my class. A normal day could be; welcoming each pupil, listen to stories from home, sort arguments, comfort those in need, tie shoes, fix hair, find missing stationary, stop fights, dry tears, babysit toys, reunite missing clothing with pupils, put names on clothing, sing songs, hold hands, read stories, get called mum maybe four times, write to the tooth fairy about a tooth that has been lost, provide wet paper towels to sort a number of ailments and finally teach.
Teaching in Glasgow poses so many fantastic opportunities for the young people in the city and further a field. In my experience, describing how a teacher 'teaches' differs from individual- to- individual. Personally, I love utilising the resources Scotland provides whether it be natural or man made. The museums in Glasgow have a wealth of learning within their walls and provide centuries of culture to explore.
What's it like being a teacher in Scotland?
Teaching is the profession that I have always wanted to go into. Primary school hosts some of my fondest memories and it was my teachers that created the environment for these instances to happen. Being an educator enables me to generate experience that will be remembered long after my name is forgotten. The holidays are good. In fact, they are great. Also, finishing work at three o'clock every day allows me to squeeze in all of the extracurricular activities ever other professional wishes they had time to do. Life is somewhat bliss. This utopia is the opinion shared by many. Most of which have only ever had to deal with one child at a time, who also happens to be their own. I take work home. I leave school at half four most days. And well without the kids, I wouldn't enjoy my job. I will admit that teaching is a stressful job but if you do what you love, it is said you will never work one day in your life.
I feel teachers are there to show young people ways to reach their full potential. Each pupil has different goals and dreams that begin to be fulfilled at primary school. Educationalists have a duty to acknowledge these talents and challenge pupils to reach their full potential. Over the last few years, Scotland has been pushing to close the attainment gap in education, ensuring everyone has equal opportunities regardless of their background. The people at the forefront of this are all the hardworking teachers that dedicate their weekends, evenings and homes to ensure the best for the people in their class. I know you will read homes with slight confusion. Ask anyone that lives with a teacher – they're hoarders!
Being a hoarder myself, it was only right that I went into the teaching profession – I fitted the bill. I know it will sound very cliché but the main reason that I got into teaching was because I wanted to make a difference. I am in the opinion that if enough people try, just a little bit each day to make a difference, the overall outcome can be fantastic. There are small victories that happen in classrooms each day that nobody hears about, yet make a difference to someone's outlook or life. You also get to laugh a lot. Each Sunday when I go to my Mum and Dad's for dinner, I narrate (and occasionally act out) all the hilarious things that have happened in my class throughout the week.
Who do you look up to in your life, male/female, and why?
Both my Mum and Dad stressed the importance of learning to myself and my siblings. I have to say that my family are my biggest role models. Each generation telling a a different story of success in their own way. The idea that 'if you want something enough you work until you get it' was repeated time and time again by my parents. And here I am, with a degree under my belt and my dream job.
I know you come from a very active outdoorsy family. Did Girl Guiding play a big part in your life?
Being involved in Girl Guiding has played a massive part in where I am right now. At the age of 5 I joined the rainbows, the first stage in the girl guiding movement, and never left. I have been brought up in a Scout/Guide based household as both of my parents are active members of both movements. I owe a lot to guiding. The opportunities that I have had through guides have allowed me to grow in confidence, make new friends and travel the world. I have seen some of the worlds most amazing landscapes through camping and it is these memories that I share with the children I work with to inspire them to do the same.
Any advice you would give to people before they enter the teaching profession?
Being in this job has matured me. Being a teacher in your early twenties poses a lot of decision making that normally results in serious FOMO*. I can no longer have the wild night at Buff club on a Thursday because teaching with a hangover is a fate worse than death. However, being the only one in the group chat the next day that is feeling fresh is a bonus. If you are thinking of going into the teaching profession then get some work experience first. See if it if the job for you. You must be able to tolerate a large number of children and if you can do that then you are about half way there.
You will learn to have the patience of a saint. I don't know how many times I still laugh at the "guess what…what?….good guess" joke with true enthusiasm. So to round this off, if you want to be a teacher go for it. There is no job that rewards you quite the same and the holidays are pretty class too!


text:
Q: Writing logs AzureCosmosDB via SeriLog: Partition Key I'm writing logs to AzureDocumentDB via SeriLog. It looks like SeriLog already has it's own log structure and all the custom fields are placed under the Properties field (Please check the attachment).
In that case how do I use a custom field as my database partition key?
When I use /Properties/UserId as my partition key, all the logs get rejected by CosmosDB saying partition key value must be supplied for this operation. How do I specify UserId as the partition key?
Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Updated:
I used ILogger instance to write the log. Example:
logger.LogInformation("Session completed: {@SessionCompleteEvent}", sessionCompleteEvent);
Serilog application settings:
{
  "Serilog": {
    "WriteTo": {
      "CosmosDB": {
        "Name": "Logger",
        "Args": {
          "configureLogger": {
            "Filter": [
              {
                "Name": "ByIncludingOnly",
                "Args": {
                  "expression": "StartsWith(@Properties['SourceContext'] , 'MyApp')"
                }
              }
            ],
            "WriteTo": [
              {
                "Name": "AzureDocumentDB",
                "Args": {
                  "endpointUrl": "https://analytics-test.documents.azure.com:345/",
                  "authorizationKey": "app_key",
                  "databaseName": "db0",
                  "collectionName": "my_app",
                  "restrictedToMinimumLevel": "Information"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

A:
partition key value must be supplied for this operation

Based on this error, you need to specify the partition key setting in the requestOptions when you insert documents into partitioned collection.Please refer to my sample code:
using Microsoft.Azure.Documents;
using Microsoft.Azure.Documents.Client;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        private static readonly string endpointUrl = "https://***.documents.azure.com:443/";
        private static readonly string authorizationKey = "***";
        private static readonly string databaseId = "db";
        private static readonly string collectionId = "coll";

        private static DocumentClient client;

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            QueryTest();
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        public static async void QueryTest()

        {
            client = new DocumentClient(new Uri(endpointUrl), authorizationKey);
            var uri = UriFactory.CreateDocumentCollectionUri(databaseId, collectionId);

            Pojo pojo = new Pojo();
            pojo.name = "Name";
            pojo.Properties = new Properties();
            pojo.Properties.UserId = "123";

            RequestOptions request = new RequestOptions();
            request.PartitionKey = new PartitionKey("123");

            await client.CreateDocumentAsync(uri, pojo, request,false);
        }
    }
    class Pojo : Document
    {
        public Properties Properties { get; set; }
        public string name { get; set; }
    }

    class Properties
    {

        public string UserId { get; set; }
    }
}

Update Answer:
Dig deep into the source code of SeriLog AzureDocumentDB sink which mentioned in your comment,found that the import operation is implemented by executing bulk import js stored procedure.
try {
                SelfLog.WriteLine($"Sending batch of {logEventsBatch.Count} messages to DocumentDB");
                var storedProcedureResponse = await _client
                                                   .ExecuteStoredProcedureAsync<int>(_bulkStoredProcedureLink, args)
                                                   .ConfigureAwait(false);
                SelfLog.WriteLine(storedProcedureResponse.StatusCode.ToString());

                return storedProcedureResponse.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK;
            }

However, according to my research and test, bulk import js only supports single partition collections. Please see below threads,they met the same error as yours:
1.https://github.com/Azure/azure-documentdb-datamigrationtool/issues/47
2.https://github.com/Azure/azure-documentdb-datamigrationtool/issues/64
So,i'm afraid that you have to follow the .net executor lib to modify the import code of SeriLog AzureDocumentDB sink by yourself.


An Italian-American cure for the wintertime blues.
If you're anything like me you've had enough of winter. So today's Sandwich Wednesday is for you and me, one of my summertime favorites, the Mama's Special ($7.50) from Leo's Latticini in Corona. I like to eat it in the backyard of the neighboring cafe, which like most of Queens is still a frozen waste land.
Unlike other Italian combos, which employ an entire deli case of meats, this hero takes a more restrained approach. Three ingredients: Genoa salami, pepper ham, and creamy white mozzarella are tucked into a semolina loaf. You will be asked if you want roasted peppers and marinated mushrooms. It's an offer you shouldn't refuse. I'd give my lucky chopsticks to eat one right now and watch Corona's boys of summer play boccie in nearby Spaghetti Park. And, of course an Italian ice for dessert.
I adore the mom & pop feel of this place, great atmosphere but I wasn't to thrilled with the pre-cut sandwiches. I still would come back again and probably will during the summer but I can get a better sandwich in countless other places. Lets go Mets indeed !


Google recently announced plans to bring their Android operating system into living rooms everywhere. Google, Intel, and Sony are working on a set-top box that would integrate traditional television overlayed with online elements. The potential is tremendous- news, emails, music, videos and more all instantly available on the TV, and integrated into the programming.
CompanionLink currently ships sync products for Android devices that allows users to sync their contacts, calendar, tasks and memos from their desktop PCs. It is not currently known if Google's TV product will have modules for business functionality, such as a calendar. This is something we here at CompanionLink will keep our eyes on as it develops.
More info on Google's project here.
This entry was posted in News and tagged android, android sync, google, google tv, television by Andy Sheragy. Bookmark the permalink.


With 24 hours left to file last year's income taxes, at this point, all I have to do is sign, seal, and deliver. Oh, and write a monstrous check to the IRS, but we'll save that catastrophic circumstance for a future therapy session. I mean, blog.
It's time to—gulp—turn my attention to three and a half months' worth of this year's finances, currently cluttering my real and virtual inboxes as well as my poor stressed right-brained brain.
When at last the receipts make it to my office, they sit in a lovely wicker basket patiently awaiting my post-Tax-Day attention. The beauty of the lovely wicker basket is that you can ignore the heap and stash it in the dryer whenever the cleaning lady comes, until it overflows. Then you have to buy a bigger lovely wicker basket, and remember to save the receipt, because it's a business expense since it goes on your desk in your office when it's not in the dryer.
Tomorrow, I will devote at least half an hour to processing this year's receipts.
This entails reaching for the first one, uncrumpling it, and attempting to discern whether it is, indeed, even a receipt? Or is it one of those printouts you get when you buy a gift card? The ones you can never find when the person for whom you bought it tries to use it and can't even though you spent twenty five bucks plus a $4.95 activation fee?
Typically, upon determining that I do have a bona fide receipt in hand, I remember that my last birthday seems to have robbed me of the ability to distinguish smallish letters from each other, or from numbers, or from a child's crayon drawings. I pause to search the house for one of my husband's many pairs of reading glasses—the cheapo kind you buy in four-packs at CVS—because I'm much too young to need, much less buy, my own reading glasses.
Once I've borrowed the glasses, Windexed away fingerprints, pawprints, and—are those coffee spatters?—I return to the receipt, and sometimes find that it wasn't my eyes after all. Occasionally, the type is already faded with age, or courtesy of some store clerk having shirked register-tape-ink responsibilities, or someone (cat? husband?) at one point spilled something on it (coffee? Husband!) and it's too smeared to read.
Sometimes, even when the receipt is less blurry than it was before the readers, it's more confusing. Either it's itemized with cryptic scan numbers and not words (i.e. ABC123SquareRootOfPi instead of paper clips), or the name of the business is missing at the top, or it's mysterious—i.e., Flummadiddle's and not Staples or Starbucks.
Thus, it may require a good amount of detective work to determine that two or three seasons ago, I bought a pen or iced tea at a locally-owned shop during a business trip to…wait, which Portland is that?
At last, the receipt has been deciphered, entered into my records, and dropped into another lovely wicker basket to await eventual transport to a banker's box and (a year from now) the spidery basement. I reach for the next receipt, and—hey, look, three hours have passed and I haven't written a word of the novel that's due tomorrow.
You're thinking I should hire an assistant to handle these things. Trust me, assistants come with far more complicated financial paperwork. Oh, yeah, and I just wrote that monstrous check to the IRS so I'm too broke to spend on anything pricier than…uh, whatever it is that I bought back in January for eighty-nine cents at an unrecognizable store in an undisclosed location.