Yet despite that, women on average still make 15 percent less than men.
For the first time in history, nearly half of the women in New York state are the main breadwinners in their families, according to a new study released today.
But just because women might be bringing home the bacon, their paychecks still do not equal those of their male counterparts. Working women earn about $142 less than men each week, according to a report released by U.S. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand's office.
Nearly 42 percent of New York mothers are the primary source of household income for their families, according to the report. In New York City, that means more than 530,000 households depend on the mother's earnings.
Economists say the recession played a large role in dampening men's strength in the workforce.
"The recession led to higher job losses among men, which meant that in a greater number of families, the husband was unemployed while the wife supported the family," according to the report.
One 29-year-old mother of one in Middle Village, Queens told Metro that her family is forced to move out of New York City after her husband could not find a job.
When he had a part-time job, as well as veteran's benefits from the state, he made just slightly more than she does. But once he lost the job, she became the primary earner.
The family is moving to Utah next week.
"We looked for other apartments. But who wants to be in in a one-bedroom with a 3-year-old?" she said. "It wasn't really worth it to stay.
Sen. Gillibrand is pushing for Congress to pass the Paycheck Fairness Act, which is expected on the Senate floor for a vote in the next few weeks.
On average, women in New York make about 14.6 percent less than men.
The Paycheck Fairness Act would hold employers accountable and make it easier for workers to pursue back pay.
These days, it's not uncommon to find women making more than men. Manhattan marriage therapist Rachel Sussman said that money issues can affect relationships, but the key is communication.
No longer, she said, does the man have to be the main breadwinner and the woman stays home to take care of the kids.
Her clients include women who work in finance, law or advertising, who rake in more than $200,000 a year. Sometimes she said, her female clients admit they have difficulty dating someone who makes less than they do.
"Maybe you're dating someone who does research, or who is an artist, or someone who lost their job," she said. But she encourages women not to limit themselves by a potential partner's salary.
Men face a different problem entirely, she said. "It's a very different conversation if you started off as the breadwinner and you've lost your job. That's a huge adjustment," she said.


text:
Black Box: The Complete Original Black Sabbath (1970-1978) è un cofanetto contenente i primi otto album in studio (in versione rimasterizzata) del gruppo heavy metal Black Sabbath, appartenenti al periodo iniziale con il cantante Ozzy Osbourne. Questo prodotto è stato distribuito solamente negli Stati Uniti, in Canada e in Australia.

I dischi
 1970 - Black Sabbath
 1970 - Paranoid
 1971 - Master of Reality
 1972 - Black Sabbath, Vol. 4
 1974 - Sabbath Bloody Sabbath
 1975 - Sabotage
 1976 - Technical Ecstasy
 1978 - Never Say Die!

Formazione
 Ozzy Osbourne: voce
 Tony Iommi: chitarra
 Geezer Butler: basso
 Bill Ward: batteria

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The beautiful, well appointed sun room is the perfect space to relax and take in the breathtaking views of Derbyshire countryside. Whether enjoying the company of friends and colleagues or just enjoying a little "me time".
With the benefit of blinds all around this is an ideal breakout space.


1,2,3..Let it Rip! Or perhaps "Chakkar De Takkar" is common in every household in India that has kids. I threw a Beyblade themed birthday party for my son's 5th birthday and it was a super duper hit. Here are some of my ideas for invitations, decor, cake, games and return gifts.
My son was thrilled to be a part of the invitation. I used an online tool to cartoonify his picture and added it to baby pictures of other famous beyblade characters to make the invitation.
I cartoonised my son's pic and added him the group of his 'Beyblade heroes' on the invitation. The invite was email/WhatsApp only.
As always, I designed my own invitations, decorations and Thank you notes and got them printed from Vistaprint. I used the cartoon image of my son in everything.
For the Beyblade Party Decoration, I used the same graphic that I designed for the invitation – the one with my son. I got a huge banner printed out and it was the main backdrop along with columns of balloons in red, blue and yellow. Two other posters of my son with his beyblades were on either side and some quick paper beyblade shapes that I made, were glued under the main banner.
Other than the backdrop, balloons in the same colour scheme filled up the space.
We had many games using beyblades like the longest spin (whose ever's beyblade kept spinning for the longest time would win) and spinning inside a circle (the beyblade shouldn't move outside the square when spinning) etc. The main activity was the Beyblade Battle Championship, of course.
Beyblade Party Games – The beyblade championship was the main attraction.
The Battle was enjoyed by guests of all ages – even Mommies and Daddies!
Scores and winners for all games and activities were taken note of to decide upon the final prizes.
Little kids love bingo/housie/tambola, whatever you choose to call it. But they find it difficult to quickly find numbers and cross them off correctly. A picture bingo is much more attractive to kids and I have had one at all my parties for ages less than 5. For our beyblade party, I created a Beyblade bingo with pictures of different beyblades and characters. You can find the free Beyblade Bingo printables to use for your own Beyblade themed birthday parties.
Since half the people were eating while we played, and was busy conducting the game, we forgot to take pictures when playing the game. This is from when I was cutting out the bingo tickets with my paper cutter. It is played just like Housie or Tambola. Those are calling cards that you see on the top left. I showed each card to the kids. If they have that picture on their ticket, they would cross it out. We had prizes for rows, full house and 2nd full house.
Beyblades for giving as Return Gifts. I bought severalpacks of 4 beyblades each, opened them up and put 2 beyblades with rip cords and launchers in each favor bag.
The beyblade party prizes consisted of message bracelets, funky pens, pencil boxes and the like.
These personalized stickers were used for all and sundry – cupcake picks, decorations, thank you stickers for the grown up gifts etc.
Lata, I love your posts and always wait for your to share your next post. As always beautiful write-up with some superb images.
Such a perfect birthday party! Oh the cake!
Loved the cake. And I liked the idea of personalized stickers. I am sure birthday boy must be very happy. Well done mamma..
That's an amazing theme !!
Awesome party ideas!. I would like to have a link for information on where you got the banner and personalized stickers printed. Also the online app to cartoonify pictures. Thanks!
how did you make the cake?? I am trying to make one for my sons birthday.
I got it made from a local bakery, Kathy. Took a printout of some beyblades and asked them to make whichever was most realistically possible for them to make.
Hi. Can you share the bingo file? I would really appreciate it!


You are here: Home / Buyers / Simply Magical Nevada County Home for Sale!
Simply Magical Nevada County Home for Sale!
Simply Magical Nevada County Home for Sale.
Simply Magical! This delightful Nevada County property draws attention from all who pass by. From the white picket fence through the electric gate, one is drawn to the exquisite landscape, topiaries and fountains.
The home offers a comfortable living space with a gas fireplace, skylights and a beautiful stained glass window. A dining area opens to the remodeled kitchen with upscale appliances. Two bedrooms and a hall bath complete the main floor. Upstairs is a master suite with arched windows and stained glass overlooking the property.
There is also a workshop and office/music room off the oversized 2-car garage. The expansive deck with electric awning, patio and wine cellar are perfect for entertaining.
The back property is fully deer fenced with low energy garden lighting, irrigated lush gardens, veggie garden, fruit trees, a green house, garden shed, built-in heated pool with sweep and hydraulic cover. Pathways meander through the gardens, over the NID stream and past the Bocce Ball Court and large meadow.


text:
First some refugees from another thread:
And, by the way, in the top line of the iPhone screen, the colon in the time stamp on iPhoto (10:36 PM) should be changed to a period (10.36 PM), just like the times in good railroad timetables. Also AM and PM should be in lower case. So instead of 10:36 PM use 10.36 pm. These and similar typographic delicacies for time-stamps and timetables are discussed in Enivisioning Information, 104-105. -- Edward Tufte, January 11, 2007
"." or ":", using a 24-h clock must be superior to am/pm? -- Peter H (email), January 12, 2007
In re: ET's inclination towards the "period" instead of a colon for time-stamps, I have begun to see (and use):
i) the "period" in phone numbers as well - 650.555.1212, and
ii) only a small "a" or "p" after time numerals - "....will meet you Tues. at Peet's on campus, 7:15a."
These seem tidy; any reason/s to think either confusing or unappealing? -- David J (email), January 20, 2007
a for am and p for pm are unconventional and attention-attracting. The 24 hour clock is excellent and if the United States ever gets on the metric system . . .
For phone numbers, might this form 607 544-7031 be preferred to indicate the area code part? Any advice about European phone numbers, which are sometimes confusing in their mash-up of country and local area codes?
The point of the period instead of the colon in timetables is (1) to avoid making a units distinction look like an active element and (2) to preserve the little space between hours and minutes as a space. This is particularly important for small type (timetables) and for lower resolution type (computer screen). If this is the case, then for phone numbers the hyphen and the period would both seem to work fine.
I'm from Germany and a compositor by trade, so I can give you some advice on our phone number system.
First of all, German area codes and phone numbers vary in length depending on the size of the town or region but usually have a total length of ten digits. For example, Berlin's area code is 30, Dresden's is 351, and my hometown's (really a village) is 35873. Instead of having a fixed-length format like the American XXX-XXX-XXXX, we separate all digits by spaces in groups of two from the end (or groups of three or even four, where appropriate):
Area codes are usually put in parentheses but can be separated by a period or slash, and extensions are appended after a hyphen or period. (I prefer the parentheses notation because I find it to be the clearest.) Furthermore, when dialing within Germany, area codes are prefixed by a zero:
(0 30) 12 34 56 78
03 51/1 23 45 67-89
In international notation, area codes are not put in parentheses. The leading zero is replaced by the country code 0049 when dialing from outside but can be put in parentheses if the phone number is published both in Germany and abroad. The double zero itself is usually replaced by a + sign, which is more general because the US, for example, use 01149 as the German country code:
+49 351/1 23 45 67-89
0049.3 58 73.1 23 45
If you want to be really fancy, you can use half-spaces (the correct English typographical term escapes me) instead of normal spaces for separation. However, this usually only matters to people like me who use layout software like QuarkXPress and InDesign.
I hope this helps and is of interest!
-- Martin Winter (email)
en-space and em-space are probably the terms in English, but with Quark those terms have disappeared from my point of view.
I doubt if am/pm will ever be dropped and 24 hour times adopted in the US even if you did metricate. Australia became a fully metric nation 30 years ago and 24 hour times are pretty much restricted to (mostly airline) timetables. They are never used elsewhere.
One interesting thing with timetables is the use of leading zeros for minutes. In Envisioning Information ET discusses the New York to New Haven timetable (pp104-105). The 1913 timetable has zeros before the minutes. Whereas in the UK and Australia, leading zeros seem to have only been used from the late 1960s onwards. So 7.00am was shown as 7. 0am. Was it because of digital clocks?
Also are leading zeros almost like chart junk before hours and days? Looking again in EI in the discussion of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial (p43), birth and death dates have a leading zero for the day. I feel it detracts from ease of reading. 4 MAR 1945 is easier to read that 04 MAR 1945.
-- Andrew Nicholls (email)
The 04 for the fourth day of the month is surely military style, an appropriate form and tone for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Had the leading zero been omitted, then some bureaucrat would want to write "this little space left intentionally blank."
The International Telecommunications Union's Recommendation E.123, "Notation for national and international telephone numbers, e-mail addresses and Web addresses" is one international standard for formating phone numbers and web addresses. The standard can be downloaded (currently for free) from http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.123-200102-I/e. Wikipedia also provides some historical information on telephone numbers. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_number.
-- Keith Dishman (email)
European business cards often provide the country and city code with a "plus" symbol to indicate the need to dial an international access code (such as "011" from the US, but frequently "001" in other countries):
+44 1223 XXX XXX (Cambridge)
+41 1 XXX XX XX (Zurich)
+49 69 XXX XX X-X (Frankfurt)
+33 1 XX.XX.XX.XX (Paris)
Most countries require that you add a "zero" to the city code when dialing in-country. Each country also seems to have its own punctuation and breaks for numbers. The French example (which often has people giving the paired digits together: 24.66.22.99 would be spoken as "twenty-four, sixty-six, twenty-two, ninety-nine") has carried over in modern punctuation here in the US, but the pairing has not, it seems. I recite each number separately, but many don't.
I tend to write my telephone number as (+1 XXX) XXX-XXXX in most correspondence. I put the number first and then the function (office, telefax, mobile) after.
UK numbers add up to ten digits total, but how they are organized depends on how old the exchanges are (my layman's understanding: someone with knowledge of UK telecoms history may correct me). Cambridge, following Claiborne's example, is
1223 XXXXXX or 1223 XXX XXX
but Central London is
207 XXX XXXX or 207 XXX-XXXX
(the space between the first and last three digits in the old six figure codes is purely a matter of legibility, while the one between the first three and last four digits in the new codes represents a real structure of dialling areas. A hyphen replacing the space is frequently allowed in the latter case, but would be considered inappropriate in the former. Presenting all six digits unpunctuated is considered normal in the former but presenting all seven digits unpunctuated would be frowned on in the latter.
Those familiar with the UK will have noticed I missed out a leading eleventh digit, the zero. But that's not really part of the number, but only a signal to the phone that you are about to enter a Standard Trunk Dialling number, which is why it's dropped for international dialling.
-- Derek Cotter (email)
It's a little more complex than Derek Cotter suggests: 0207 is not the dialling code for central London. 020 is the code for all of London, it just happens to be a historical accident that 020 7XXX XXXX numbers are in central London and 020 8XXX XXXX in the outskirts; 020 3XXX XXXX numbers are just coming on stream now. The preferred way to present a London number for an international audience then is
For a domestic audience it should be
You can combine the two in the ITU stand shorthand
The spacing between the first and second chunk of local digits is for legibility but leaves an unbalanced look to the number (the French usually break their numbers into pairs: eg
Which looks nicer.) The reason we split them that way in London is again a historical accent: London exchanges used to be know by a three *letter* mnemonic - WHItehall 1212 getting you the Prime Minister. So there was a semantic difference between the first three numbers (which stood for letters) and the latter four.
In the late 1980s BT ran out of London numbers and so changed the universal (01) prefix into an inner and an outer ring pair (071 and 081). Then, in order to fit with the ten digit scheme a 1 was added so London became 0171 and 0181). The we lost our iconic 01 again and the inner/outer code was moved to the local portion of the number. It would be churlish to suggest that changing the phone number of your capital city three times in 15 years suggests a lack of foresight.
Incidentally, the 24 hour clock is not a metric standard.
-- J L Smith (email)
Claiborne Booker:
The French example (which often has people giving the paired digits together: 24.66.22.99 would be spoken as "twenty-four, sixty-six, twenty-two, ninety-nine")
If only. It would actually be spoken as "twenty-four, sixty-six, twenty-two, four-twenties-ten-nine"). For taking down numbers spoken on the phone it's worst with numbers in the seventies, such as sixty-twelve, where one has already written down a 6 before realizing it should be a 7. They order these things better in Belgium, where they have a proper word for seventy.
J L Smith:
Didn't two of the changes occur within about two years of each other, showing real lack of foresight?
Nonetheless, I prefer denying the capital city its iconic 01 to renumbering the entire country in order for the capital to maintain its pride. Consider what is going to happen to car licence plates in France in the next year or two. When they run out of numbers for Paris, which will happen quite soon, but at least 20 years before they run out of numbers anywhere else, they are going to change the system for the whole country. They could maintain the existing system in Paris for a long time just by adopting the solution they chose in Corsica when they divided the single Département into two: the old 20 became 2A for one and 2B for the other. (The A and B don't actually stand for Ajaccio and Bastia, but it's a convenient mnemonic all the same). If they don't like 7A for Paris I think there are still some numbers in the nineties that are not used, for example I don't remember ever seeing a 97 or a 98.
When writing phone numbers it is important to make a distinction between the number proper (which in its full expression should be unique), and the number as it is dialed (which typically depends on the location from which one is dialing). To dial, one adds digits designed to indicate interurban/long distance/international access (or, in PBXs, simply the public network), or to indicate toll or other special charges. These digits vary from place to place: for example, in Spain the international access code is "00", whereas in the US it is "011" -- thus it is best to adhere to convention, using "+".
Thus spaces are needed for readability as well as to separate the area/city code from the main number. Separating the exchange (in the US: the first the digits of a seven-digit number, 555 in the example above) from the rest of the number is now quaint, as the letters it represented are in disuse (e.g., 256-1234 was AMHerst 1234). But introducing spacers to facilitate reading is also non-universal: in some languages it is customary to read numbers in pairs, or triples of single digits, or as numbers in the 00-99 range (as indicated above for the French case).
It may be best to use spaces to separate meaningful groups of digits, and periods for readability, according to local custom (pairs, triples). For example: +1 212 555.1234, or even +1 212 555.12.34 This also takes care of variable-length area/city-codes.
Unfortunately, Caller-Party-Pays for mobiles is sometimes mishandled, witness the case of Argentina. A landline Buenos Aires number may be written: +54 11 4555.1234, and from (say) Mendoza (within AR) it is dialed: 011 45551234, and from New York it is dialed 011 54 11 45551234
However, a mobile Buenos Aires number is: +54 9 11 4555.6789 (the 9 indicates a special rate), but from within Buenos Aires it is dialed 15 4555 6789 (15 indicates a special rate) and from Mendoza it is dialed 011 15 4555 6789. Then the ITU recommendation of listing "National/International" is inevitable.
As the ITU notes (see docs referenced above), this is made difficult by the fact that country-code "1" can be confused with the direct-dial long-distance access code 1 (the "trunk prefix"); consider 1 212 5551234. By the way, the prevalence of the digit "1" in both area/city codes and trunk access is rotary phone technology legacy. A 1 is faster to dial (at the telephone) and process (at the switch), as it is done by counting pulses. Larger cities received shorter-to-dial area codes: 212 for NYC, 213 for LA, 11 for Sao Paulo, same for Buenos Aires, so that most-dialed area codes were shortest.
-- Cris PM (email)
On the interrobang and the irony mark, two unusual punctuation marks, see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrobang
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irony_mark
Along with the irony mark, perhaps a joke mark--more subtle than a smiley face--would be useful.
While it lasts, google for ‽. Nothing; not "Your search - ‽ - did not match any documents." Nothing.
On the other hand, interrobang yields .32 "Richard Feyman" Google result units (299,000/934,000).
In at least some major books during the late 1500s and early 1600s, the page numbers on individual pages (or, often, the page number which labeled a double-page spread) were enclosed in brackets. The Museum of Modern Art, in this month's calendar of events, revives the bracketed numbers in a table of contents. What for?
The changes to the UK numbering plan occurred five years apart, not two, there's a rather nice if redundant graphic at the Wikipedia page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0207_%26_0208
In general I would counsel information designers to stick with just spaces separating out the numbers and not introduce extra glyphs such as hyphens and points. (I think this is what the ITU spec means when it says: "Grouping of digits in a telephone number should be accomplished by means or spaces unless an agreed upon explicit symbol (e.g. hyphen) is necessary for procedural purposes. Only spaces should be used in an international number."
The reason this thread has struck a particular resonance with me is that I'm responsible for a website that captures telephone numbers from around the world and it's my job to deal with all the exceptional cases and try and work out what the ISDN version of each human readable number is. And I've just spent an afternoon fixing a piece of code becase US users insist on separating their phone numbers with hyphens.
J L Smith wrote:
The changes to the UK numbering plan occurred five years apart, not two,...
Thanks for the correction. It just seemed like less, probably because two of the changes occurred during a six-year period when I was going to London rather often.
However, for your later point...
I've just spent an afternoon fixing a piece of code because US users insist on separating their phone numbers with hyphens.
... I have to disagree with your criticism, because it implies that humans need to learn to communicate in ways that computer programmers find convenient, whereas I think that computer programmers need to cope with the diverse ways of expressing the same information that people have always used. It annoys me a lot that some web sites require credit card numbers to be written as four groups of four digits, and can't understand 16 digits without spaces, whereas others require 16 digits without spaces and can't understand four groups of four.
An even worse example, which anyone who has bought iWork from Apple will recognize, is to insist that the user distinguishes beween 0 and O when entering the serial number, but to supply the serial number in a printed form in which 0 and O look exactly the same.
More UK phone number neepery
Thanks for the correction from J L Smith, who is of course right that the appropriate form for the new London numbers (and some other new city codes?) is XX XXXX XXXX and not XXX XXX XXXX. I've been corrected on this point before, so why do I keep forgetting? Probably because this fact means I have to deal with three different forms in my contact spreadsheets:
XXXX XXX XXX
XXX XXX XXXX
XX XXXX XXXX
Although the third form is strictly correct, I find only a few people object if I present it as if it were of the second form; but then of course I forget that I was cheating, and come to believe the cheat is real :-)
Incidentally, while I mentioned previously that the first form strictly has no breaks in the last six digits, the presentation shown here above shows why I include the space: because this way, all my phone numbers, without exception, have ten digits and two spaces, leading to a neat right-justified appearance no matter which form, and no matter which type face, monospaced or proportional
(eleven digits counting the conventional leading zero)
ET probably would rightly point out that I am destroying information by doing so, since, if I had a ragged-right column, it would be a virtual bar chart indicating the location and prevalence of small town codes versus big city codes.
Dropping the hyphen in "e-mail" seems an easy call. See Don Knuth
http://www-cs-staff.stanford.edu/~knuth/email.html
E-mail, e-mail, mél, courriel, mail, e'mail
It is interesting that most of the style guides AMA, APA, CMS
still seem to use the form e-mail. I remember hearing that it
is supposed to follow form of x-ray but I don't really
know why.
In France the debate is over mél or courriel
Typographers in France prefer mél to balance tél
tél +33 x xx xx xx xx
mél cestmoi@france.fr
-- Tchad (email)
The New Yorker and The New York Times, both with excellent typographic and editorial taste, use e-mail not email.
I like the way e-mail looks, and I don't pause over the word when reading it, so maybe Knuth's efficiency argument should not carry the day.
I forget what I did in Beautiful Evidence and don't have the book here in my hotel room.
In the Internet marketing of the 15th edition of CMS, the University of Chicago Press uses both e-mail and email.
Robert Bringhurst advocates email.
-- Steve Sprague (email)
One issue to consider is the ease of memorising a phone number when putting in spaces. Breaking the rules sometimes helps memorising numbers.
In Australia all fixed phone numbers are an 8 digit local number + 2 digit area code. There are only 4 area codes for the entire country so most people only ever use the 8 digit local number. Mobile phone and special service numbers are always 10 digits long.
The standard format is 08 9999 9999 for fixed an 0499 999 999 for mobile or special service.
But compare 9936 1361 to 99 361 361 for ease of memorising. Similarly a free call customer service number 1800 102 030 compared to 1800 10 20 30.
For some reason to me which defies logic ("Military Intelligence?") is in the military the "Date Time Group" (DTG) are written in the bizarre format of
06 08:00 JUN 44 06 09:00 JUN 44 06 09:15 JUN 44
For those seperate times but the same date. I find it jarring every single time I read it. For me, the more obvious approach is from small to large numbers i.e.
08:00 06 JUN 44 UTC 09:00 06 JUN 44 UTC 09:15 06 JUN 44 UTC
This becomes easier to scan and read for me and everyone I talk to agrees but it is NATO military format.
-- Bill P (email)
I've found the usual ISO 8601 format to be best for general purpose, especially when sorting. It is a zero padded big-endian format:
YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
The spec requires a capital "T" instead of a space as the delimeter between the date and time parts, The time portion is 24-hr format. If you want to specify the time zone, represent it as an offset from GMT.
-- Matt Grimaldi (email)
The previous hyphen discussion on "e-mail vs. email" notwithstanding, do fellow contributors have any comments on shortening "e-mail address" to "eddress"?
-- Don Hottel (email)
Last I checked we didn't refer to postal addresses as pddresses. The word "email" or "e-mail" has two meanings to most people. It can mean email address as in "Whats your email?" or the actual message as in "Did you get my email?" In the former case, email is understood to mean "email address" while in the later it is understood to mean "email message"
-- Matthew (email)
How about the typography of punctuation adjoining web links? Specifically, if a link ends a sentence, like this: sample link.
I've included the period in the link following the rule that punctuation should be styled the same way as the text it is associated with. I believe that is the advice given in The Elements of Typographic Style, but I can't find the right page.
I've found two cases where I disagree with this approach: parentheses (do I include a closing parenthesis in a link?) and urls: www.edwardtufte.com. My treatment of both cases makes sense to me, but I'm bothered by the inconsistency. Is there an accepted practice, and if not, is this a reasonable approach?
-- Rob Simmon (email)
As an engineer, using the decimal point in time punctuation (as in 7.00 am) strikes me as very misleading. The decimal point has a very specific meaning when it comes to numbers, and as its name infers, carries with it an implied base 10 system. Therefore, "7.30 am" could be misinterpreted as 0.3 hours after 7 am, when really it is 0.5 hours. The use of a colon (or space) avoids this problem.
-- Steve Levine (email)
Below, a good point about colons after headings from The Huffington Post. The fact that it is a heading for some upcoming words is already signaled by the title's location at the top, by the larger type, by the pattern of previous headings, and by the shortness of the line. No need for another signal, no need for a colon.
Sometimes these colons are the result of insecurities in writing mark-up language rather than doing typography the way it should be done (WYSIWYG)--since, in mark-up language, the architecture of the typography is not visible to the designer. I encountered endless colonized titles and colonized subtitles and colonized subsubtitles in trying to shape up IBM manuals (written in mark-up language) years ago.
Source: Decolonizing Slate
In France we use "h" instead of the ":" in time.
16h30 is your 4:30 PM, or rather 4.30 pm
We also put the day in front of the Month. This
removes the need for the comma and makes a more
logical progression of unit from smaller to larger.
16 mars 2007 is your March 16, 2007
Perhaps we could discuss it later, say 16h45 on 16 March 2007
The disambiguation hint is very good, a method natural to reading by humans.
In reply to Tchad. 16h45 16 March 2007 is not in lowest to greatest order. if you wanted that progression 45m16h 16 Mar 2007 would be the complete smallest to largest order. While this is somewhat pedantic, I finding it interesting that when speaking times, some people do start with minutes first.
While some might say "Four Fortyfive" others are likely to say "forty five minutes past four".
-- Matthew
The evolution of precision?
Well spotted - I'll get back in my box.
The treatment of time is strange isn't it. I wonder if
our "norms" have anything to do with evolving precision.
If we were using the sun, it might be good enough to say
that it is about 13h00 or that it is between 14h00 and 15h00.
If the minutes are unknown, then it may not be worth mentioning them.
Then again, perhaps we should look at look at arranging date or
time in decending order by the level of information embedded in
the word.
How would we order the following information to maximize utility:
Month of March
Day number 78
US week number 11
ISO or Europe week number 12
19th day of March
Between 5 and 6 o'clock
31 minutes after 5 o'clock
I suspect we might come to different conclusions.
Another cultural comparison for time type.
The form used in the Defense Department's messaging system, which dates back to the telegraph, is 1645R 16MAR07, where R is the time zone, counted from Zulu time. On navigation charts for restricted waterways, waypoints on the track are marked with a cross and a single line callout leads to the time of turn, down to the second, where the form is extended to 164530R 16MAR07.
Regards Matthew and Tchad's comments and discussions on "smallest to largest" when describing time display. Note the analogue clock; small "hand" is the hour, large hand, the minute. Therefore 16:45 is the right progression. <grin>
-- John Allred (email)
But a lot of analog clocks don't have a 16 on them, especially in the United States.
-- Bill Sharpe (email)
The timestamp format in the authoring interface of Movable Type blogging software starts with mostly right and gets more accurate, just like Arabic numeral system:
The () indicates a part of the phone number that is either optional or situation-dependent. The (area code) might just as well identify the kind of service—cellular, fax, or land-line voice, for example—as a geographic area. But even that distinction is fading as we use our cell phones out-of-area. A phone with (212) can be anywhere in the country, not necessarily New York City. In many U.S. cities there are so many devices that it is required to use the entire ten-digit phone number as the dialing number.
Therefore the (area code) should not be treated as a separate element of the phone number and the () format should be dropped. In the seven years since my workplace began using a . separator for phone numbers on our Web site and business cards I've seen that usage become common enough to be considered normal, if not yet standard.
Is the . a period, a decimal, a separator, or a dot? We know by the context. (Really it's simply a chunking mark no matter what the context.) In a timetable it's recognized as a legibility/design element for the : separator between hours and minutes, not as a decimal. (In this context 7.30 is the same as 7:30; 7.30 does not even suggest a time somewhere around 7:20. One may like this or not, but one will most likely understand its usage.) In the context of engineering or math or money (7.50) it's a decimal. As part of an IP number, email address, or URI, it is just a dot. In a sentence, it's a period.
-- Chuck Pratt (email)
The ISO format for date and time is in use in most countries of Asia (Japan, China...). Its main advantage is that it follows the natural convention we use with other quantities, i.e. we start from the most significant piece of information and we finish with the least significant details.
So now is 2007-05-19 19:04:32.377 UTC.
The 377 milliseconds will be less relevant in 2 centuries from now than the fact that now was happening in 2007. Of course, the 377ms might be quite relevant in the context of a sequence of events, but that is not the point.
Note that the decimal dot (.) is used to indicate a true decimal point for seconds, while the column (:) is used to denote the base-60 separators for hours, minutes and second. Similarly the dash (-) separates years from months from days.
I must admit that the dot is less intrusive and easier to read though, and if all date stamps were always complete, we could easily write the previous time as 2007.05.19.19.04.32.377. On the other hand, the change in separator makes it easier to spot which part of the time is the date versus which is the time of the day.
-- jr bouvier (email)
Chuck Pratt is right that cell phones have weakened the link between geographic location and area code and have thus increased our need to dial them. I would further add that in an increasing number of American cities you have to dial the area code even when making local calls. Here in Boston I must preface a number with "617" even if I am calling across the street. Increasingly, the area code is thus demoted to a standard part of the number. It makes sense not to set off these debased codes with special punctuation.
This leaves us with several options: 617-555-1212, 617.555.1212 and 617 555 1212. I favor the dots, but I prefer all three to the now-inaccurate (617) 555-1212. The "617" is no longer optional for anyone; marking it as such is incorrect.
-- John-Paul Ferguson (email)
Steve Levine writes: "As an engineer, using the decimal point in time punctuation (as in 7.00 am) strikes me as very misleading. The decimal point has a very specific meaning when it comes to numbers."
Decimal notation is not tied to the dot. It varies from country to country and writing system to writing system; where I grew up, decimal notation used a comma, and the period was used in large numbers -- 1.000 denoting "one thousand", 1,000 denoting "one to three decimal places". Use in decimals is not a universally-agreed upon attribute of dots. Conversly, one could just as well make the complaint that the colon, in the context of numbers, is frequently understood to mean "ratio", or that "7:00 am" calls for an illegal division by zero!
-- Orbis Proszynski (email)
another formatting option...or not?
As a formatting for American numbers, what think you all of "123.456-7890"? I've been setting mine that way for some time. I believe it started as a way of cleaning out the parentheses, as I grew just graphically (though perhaps not typographically) conscious enough to start getting myself in trouble!
Being used to the distinct area code, I find it easier to read as a phone number. With matching spaces or even hyphens it looks like something else, a tax number or something. Using unique separators seemed to work nicely. (Although swapping them for "123-456.7890" looks wrong to me, too small of a pause in the middle of the 7-digit stretch now makes me read it as a math problem!)
-- n[ate]vw (email)
Orbis is of course correct that there is not, even within base ten notation, a one-to-one relationship between '.' and the boundary between the whole numbers and fractional numbers. However "7,30 AM" is equally grating to my eyes as "7.30 AM." Base ten time does exist; it was even the law in France once (albeit 200 years ago) and fractions of seconds are currently expressed in base ten, as a previous poster noted. Why use the same symbol to denote two different numerical bases? What's more, the use of the full stop strikes me as being a passing fad linked to the dot-com boom. But that might just be me.
As for the colon, it's third on the list of symbols that denote ratios, after the colon and the dash-between-two-dots, so the chances for misunderstanding are minimal.
I'm with Steve -- Let's restrict decimal point use to base ten and colons to base sixty.
-- Matt B (email)
Numbers are like words. We recognize what they are by their shape, not just their context. Messing with typographic conventions changes the expected shape, and can become a drag for the reader when it is done without justification.
Non-standard notation should only be used when it clearly makes things better (or when style trumps function). A printed railway timetable is obviously filled with clock times, so when tiny type on cheap disposable paper threatens to obscure figures through ink spread, and to reduce scannability due to clutter, using lining (monospaced) figures with the 0.00 form may make good sense. The vertically-aligned lighter space between figure groups helps align figures, reducing the need for column rules, while the period still visually joins them, allowing for a relatively tight, economical character spacing. When we look at the iPhone display twenty times a day, we know that's a clock at the top, so perhaps Helvetica bold is best decluttered there.
In other contexts, this kind of thing may not be such a good idea.
Messing with conventional punctuation in numbers can be as dangerous as it would be in prose. Imagine if we reduced commas to periods, and apostrophes to hyphens, relying on the context for their meaning.
Is the . a period, a decimal, a separator, or a dot? We know by the context.
But often there is no obvious context, especially when we're quickly scanning material in a web page or an email. 6:00, 6:00 pm, or 18:00 are clearly clock times, and not quantities (e.g., 1,800), dates (2000-01-02, or the no longer excusable 01/02/00), dollar amounts ($6.00), or batting averages (.180). Reducing meaningful punctuation to the status of anonymous separator is confusing: I have to read the numerals and fully parse out 2007.05.19.19.04.32.377.-06.00 to figure out that it is a date-time string, and it is real work to extract just the time (um, is that 19:19 or 04:32 o'clock?). On the other hand, the identity of 2007-05-19 19:04:32.377 -06:00 is obvious and the hour can be read at a glance.
For U.S. and Canadian phone numbers, the surviving traditional form is (000) 000-0000. This is neither "inaccurate" nor accurate, but a typographic convention. For clarity, it should be used for North American audiences. For an international audience, the ITU form of +1 000 000 0000 is acceptable, where the plus sign flags a phone number.
(Although the area code is necessary to uniquely identify a number within the North American Numbering Plan, it is not "no longer optional for anyone". Where I live, it is always dialled for out-of-town numbers but never for local ones, and a single area code covers the entire province.)
Thanks to globalization, folks making business cards in North America have discovered international phone numbers, and they are playing around with typography, perhaps to appear more Euro-cool. This may be acceptable in the corner of a business card where we know that ten digits represent a phone number, but to start using a half- dozen different forms like 000 000 0000, 000.000.0000, 000-000-0000, or 000.000-0000 everywhere is diluting the convention, not following some new one.
Perhaps the hyphen was used in e-mail to differentiate it from email, a pre-Internet word for enamel, and it is appropriate for conservative editors to continue to do so. To me "e-mail" looks okay in fine print typography, but the wide hyphen in many screen fonts makes it look clunky on the computer display, and it can break awkwardly at the end of a line. Everyone including Oxford is now acclimated to the spelling "email" for electronic mail. How long until "mail" only refers to email, and not to something in a letter carrier's sack?
[Dear webmaster: editing HTML here is a touch frustrating because the preview function adds line breaks in Safari. Eventually, my paragraphs disintegrate. Thanks for listening.]
-- Michael Zajac (email)
As for russian phone numbers standards, I recommend an article A short history of telephone numbers by Artemy Lebedev.
-- Nick123 (email)
I'm curious if there exist any strong preferences or rules around the punctuation of professional designations, such as "M.D." versus "MD".
-- Michael Cusack (email)
Michael Cusack,
The Chicago Manual of Style states (?? 15.21):
In conservative practice, periods are added to abbreviations of all academic degrees (B.A., D.D.S., etc.). Chicago now recommends omitting them unless they are required for tradition or consistency.
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_toc.html
It may be proper to use small caps as well:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_caps
In general, I don't think there's a "proper" way to do things any longer, as long as you're consistent in the method you use fits the over theme of your typography.
-- David Magda (email)
The interrobang is now the symbol for a new unit of measurement, the cuil. I'm guessing art economisting would probably be somewhere in the vicinity of 1.2‽
*** You can combine the two in the ITU standard shorthand
*** +44 (0) 20 7123 1234
The above number format is NOT valid.
The international format should contain only the digits that must be dialled after the access code.
It must not contain any digits that will cause the call to fail when dialled from abroad.
Since the 0 'trunk code' must not be dialled when calling the UK from abroad, it must be omitted from the international format.
Don't fool yourself that including the (0) in parentheses means 'exclude this when calling from abroad', because the ITU standard says 'items in parentheses should be dialled when calling from outside of the area, and omitted when calling from within the same area'.
That's describing area codes of course, but the standard is clearly disallowing the (0) too.
It also says 'parentheses should not appear in the international format'.
The London number can be written +44 20 7123 1234 OR (020) 7123 1234. Anything else is not following the standard.
http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.123/en
http://revk.www.me.uk/2009/09/it-is-not-44-0207-123-4567.html
http://www.seomoz.org/ugc/do-all-your-business-telephone-numbers-work-as-published
-- Roger (email)
Could you tell me what is the typographic convention for duration? For exemple :
"Bratislava", video, colour, sound, 3'27"
or "Bratislava", video, colour, sound, 3 min. 27 sec.
A poor lonesome french graphic designer ...
-- isabelle jego (email)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home | Cooperative Hall of Fame spotlight: Richard L. Ensweiler
Cooperative Hall of Fame spotlight: Richard L. Ensweiler
By: Elizabeth Lechleitner/NCBA CLUSA Published: Tuesday, March 19, 2019 Share: Print: Subscribe
Richard Ensweiler is the retired president and CEO of Cornerstone Credit Union League.
Richard Ensweiler's legendary, 50 year career in cooperative finance began in college, where he planned to score a career in basketball coaching. Instead, he took a summer job at State Central Credit Union. Soon, he was a management trainee headed for the top position at Harley Davidson Credit Union.
In 1995, Richard joined the Texas Credit Union League. Today, it's the largest regional credit union trade association in the country, comprised of more than 540 credit unions that serve close to 9 million members.
In 2013, Richard led an effort to merge the Texas Credit Union League with the Credit Union Association of Oklahoma and the Arkansas Credit Union League, forming today's Cornerstone Credit Union League. At the time, credit union league membership was dwindling and leagues were struggling to provide services. By joining forces to create a larger organization with broader reach, the organization became an influential voice with potential partners, vendors, regulators, and national associations.
Richard went on to serve as President and CEO of Cornerstone Credit Union League, Cornerstone Credit Union Foundation, and Credit Union Resources for more than two decades.
Throughout his career, Richard was a driving force behind credit union advocacy. He led the effort tp build Credit Union House, a facility cooperatively funded by each of the 38 state credit union leagues. Located in the nation's capitol, Credit Union House is a critical hub for the industry's advocacy work.
He was also dedicated to extending the benefits of credit union benefits to under served markets. At Texas Credit Union League, Richard created Juntos Avanzamos ("Together We Advance"), an outreach program focused on serving Texas' Hispanic population. The Rochard L. Ensweiler Fund was established to preserve his vision, enabling credit unions to earmark funds for the program. In 1999, Richard even served as an advisor on then President-Elect Vincente Fox's transition team, working to ensure that the Mexican community in the United States could transfer funds back to their families through credit unions at substantial savings.
This week's guest on Everything Co-op is Dr. Syler-Woods, Finance Director at the Federation of Southern Cooperatives
Nominations for NCBA CLUSA's 2023 Board of Directors are due February 24
Richard also worked to broaden the scope of international credit union development. He spent time in Brazil studying credit membership growth strategies, and, in 2008, received the World Council of Credit Unions' Ambassador Award for his work to protect rural credit cooperatives in China.
In 2015, Richard received WOCCU's highest honor, the Distinguished Service Award. In 2017, he was inducted into the Cornerstone Credit Union League Hall of Fame. As a leader, he left and indelible mark on cooperative finance, helping millions of Americans reach their financial goals. As an educator and mentor, he inspired generations of credit union professionals to embrace the cooperative principles at the root of the movement.
Add your name to the Friends of Richard Ensweiler page.
The Cooperative Hall of Fame is administered by the Cooperative Development Foundation (CDF), the 501 (c)(3) non-profit affiliate of NCBA CLUSA. Nominations are received annually by the cooperative community, with the final selection made by the NCBA Board of Directors on the recommendations of a selection committee of national cooperative leaders. The Cooperative Hall of Fame Gallery is on display in NCBA CLUSA's offices in Washington, DC and also can be visited on the web at www.heroes.coop.
For dinner attendance or sponsorship information, visit www.heroes.coop/sponsorship-tickets
This week's guest on Everything Co-op is Dr. Syler-Woods, Finance Director at the Federation of Southern Cooperatives January 24, 2023 read more
Nominations for NCBA CLUSA's 2023 Board of Directors are due February 24 January 18, 2023 read more
Apply for this year's Cooperative Leaders and Scholars program by February 10! January 17, 2023 read more
Co-op and its members donate $50,000 and plant trees to aid wildfire recovery in Colorado read more
Steve Dubb, Senior Editor at NPQ discusses black food sovereignty on Everything Co-op read more
New School's Institute for the Cooperative Digital Economy is seeking cohort fellows – apply by January 31 January 10, 2023 read more


A week long intensive course at the John C. Campbell Folk School, in NC, June 4 - 8, 2018.
Wood is an expressive medium, one which conveys stress, character, and beauty. Starting with some seemingly unlikely tree parts, we will discuss where the artful forms might reside and options to bring them out. Well-accepted elements of design, applied to woodturning, provide a vocabulary to discuss the "art of the craft" to enhance the appeal of turned pieces. Practice applying these elements through hands-on exploration. Turners of all levels should benefit.
Shaping wood as it rotates on a lathe, Joe Dickey transforms craggy chunks into sleek forms with flawless surfaces. But the Davidsonville, Md., woodturner sometimes leaves a rough patch to demonstrate the material's origins. Among his pieces in "Wood / Paper / Metal," at the Watergate Gallery, is one made from a remnant of the Wye Oak, Maryland's state tree, which was felled in a 2002 storm. The hanging sculpture is an almost perfect circle, with one unfinished arc.
Dickey often stains the exteriors of his hollowed-out constructions with vivid dyes, highlighted by layers of varnish. The gleaming, uniform hues contrast with the natural tones of the interiors, which may have black veins caused by fungal decay. The artist dries the wood fully, so that no further deterioration is possible, and what was once harmful becomes decorative. One way Dickey pays tribute to the former trees is that he takes care not to transfigure them entirely.
A retired physicist, Dickey invokes the interstellar with "Cephei," named for a star system. Hanging nearby is "Orbit," a sympatico print by EJ Montgomery, the show's paper artist. Her abstractions array simple forms, mostly circles and squares, in complex juxtapositions. Neon-bright red and pink encounter and sometimes overlap metallic-ink silver and copper, all heightened by the patterns of the textured paper. Although the basic elements of Montgomery's compositions can be read in an instant, the details invite prolonged inspection.
Wood / Paper / Metal On view through Jan. 17 at Watergate Gallery, 2552 Virginia Ave. NW. 202-338-4488. www.watergategalleryframedesign.com.
The Crafts Design Award is an international, annual competition for all nominated artisans, craftspeople and designers. The primary aim of the award is to honor and support the best ideas and concepts and recognize its excellent realization.
Click on the images, below, to download PDF's of two Annapolis Sunday Capital articles on Joe Dickey and The Other Band showing and performing at Maryland Hall for the Arts.


Over the years, I haven't just chosen my travels. They've also chosen me. My upcoming trip this winter is no exception.
It was an ordinary day for me the middle of last week, working on who-knows-what from my work desk, when a message from a friend popped up on my computer screen. Hanna was reaching out to friends about a group tour she organizes each year. She asked me directly if I was interested in going to Cuba.
My first reaction: Intriguing…but it wouldn't work.
But within seconds, I was challenging that assumption. I soon began an online chat with Hanna about the details of this trip. Each answer she provided nudged me closer to accepting. A couple of days later, schedules, finances, and flights started to fall into place.
Sunday morning I booked my ticket.
I'll be leaving the day after Christmas, staying over the New Year with Hanna's small tour group in & around an old city called Trinidad.
Then after the tour ends, I'll spend another week with people, at places, and having experiences yet unknown. Take me where you will, Cuba.
In all, I anticipate two weeks of cultural immersion: food, language, music, pastimes; natural showcases such as beaches, hills, and tropical forests; and Cuban society: jobs, living conditions, media, government presence.
I'm excited to be leaving in just over a month–and to take you with me. Look for details about this trip as the departure nears. And look for stories and videos about my two weeks in Cuba soon after my return to Minnesota. In the meantime, if you have any suggestions, comments, or questions about this travel, please comment below or write to me at brandon@theperiphery.com.


First, I'm not a doctor and strongly recommend that you get medical care from a doctor for anything major or questionable. We have the finest crisis medical care in the world, take advantage of it if and when you need it! Next, what little knowledge I have about medicine came the hard way from major problems and disasters in my own world. Please enjoy these stories and the information, but remember it is up to you how you manage your own health.
For those who are interested in spite of spending many years designing traditional medical and critical care patient monitoring systems, I also did quite a bit of computer research on what factors most contribute to a long healthy life. In studying 12,000 patients for the American Medical Preventics Society the one overwhelming factor in addition to good medical and dental care was having a strong positive outlook. The oriental and western cultures use very different names and explanations, but the bottom line is those who keep their thoughts positive live far longer and healthier. I am also a very strong believer that touch, massage and sharing helps the healing processes. I've spent years both practicing and studying a number of ways to assist traditional medicine with the healing process that I believe improve healing. These pages share a few of these approaches.
Background used with permission from Tim Brackett, RN, BSN, maintainer of the Nursing Student WWW Page.


Some panels come with a built-in charge controller and inverter, and you can plug directly into the receptacle supplied on the panel. These systems typically don't supply much power, however, and... The output of a solar PV system depends on its size. The most common household systems are 5kW or more, although some property owners have installed much larger systems. The table below shows the average daily production of some common grid-connected systems throughout Australia.
Alibaba.com offers 1,034 make solar panel home products. About 69% of these are solar energy systems, 20% are solar cells, solar panel. A wide variety of make solar panel home options are available to you, such as home, commercial, and industrial.


And on and on and on and on from the increasingly unhinged LTC Bateman….
I devoted many thousands of words, in systematic fashion debunking one LTC Robert Bateman's charges and slurs ("I take down", "worst sort", "feces", "pervert", "devil", etc). His first two attempts at Media Matters and my responses are now a matter of record. I see no need to continue since his latest outburst does not acknowledge any of his past slurs, misquotations or mistakes, but simply gushes on with the same that would require once more thousands of words in correction.
So as promised from now on, I will just post a few examples of his serial mistakes, rather than offer lengthy rebuttal yet a third time to his errors. Mr. Bateman is clearly obsessed about Carnage and Culture, and shows neither the sobriety nor the intellectual honesty that we expect in, and should demand of, an officer of the U.S. military.
Again, the issue is not really a particular book I've written a number of years ago, but — as Bateman revealed in both the first and this latest rant — my political commentary.
I have had mixed feelings about replying a third time, even in abbreviated fashion, since he doesn't seem to quite fathom the extent of how his temperament, style, and poverty of analysis, apparent also in his other controversies, will surely harm his reputation — though it was apparently a desire for the just the opposite that explained his chest-beating at Media Matters. In any case, I would imagine that he will not continue long with a chapter by chapter critique, since the matter was largely settled in the first two exchanges.
Here are abbreviated responses to more of the same from Bateman in his third critique. My replies are in bold print.
The poverty of contemporary primary sources about Poitiers is well known to historians, and noted in C&C ("the meager account" (137; cf. 475); but nevertheless the battle has earned considerable attention in books and articles (cf. 475-77).] as a landmark event and thus is an ideal introduction to the chapter's larger discussion of Islam and the West, and the Western emphasis on landed infantry and battles of shock.
The fact of the matter is that Islamic armies were originally infantry-based. From the time of Mohammed they were designed for massed infantry shock combat, and they had (especially at the outset) very few horses. (They had camels, but you don't fight from a camel. You use it for carrying luggage and food and water.) Take, for example, the classic battle of Yarmouk in 636 A.D.
This is both incoherent and inaccurate. Gaza was not well within the often changing and fluid borders of the 7th-century Byzantine empire, but always considered at the further region of Roman or Byzantine influence. Muslim armies usually won by the skill of their horsemen. The relative percentages (25% cavalry of a force is considerable, given the expenses in acquiring and feeding horses in the ancient world) are not just the critical factors, but rather the role of cavalry.
The battle of Yarmouk, in fact, hinged on Islamic horseman of a relatively unified Muslim force — and the vulnerability to them by an often contentious alliance of disparate allies — Arabs, Armenians, Byzantines, Franks, and others — under Byzantine and Armenian leadership. The victor Khalid ibn al-Walid selected the battlefield on the basis of its suitability for his cavalry, kept his battered infantry units viable by several mounted counter-attacks, saved his infantry from defeat by the frequent use of a mobile mounted reserve, and finally defeated the Byzantine force by flank and rear mounted attacks, before shredding the defeated by constant cavalry pursuit.
But then also one must ask, when looking at Poitiers and Hanson's thesis, how did we leap from 216 B.C. to 732 A.D.? Cannae, you recall, was the subject of the last chapter, and occurred in 216 B.C. To get to Poitiers we just leapt 948 years without a single intervening case study or example. Hanson does it again too, since the chapter after this one concerns events in 1521, almost 800 years later still. And thus we arrive at one of the core problems of Hanson's book: he makes an assertion for a thesis which he contends is valid over 2,500 years of history, and then more or less skips providing evidence for the middle 1,700 years out of that 2,500.
Bateman once again apparently has problems grasping basic principles of language. The battles, as explained in the introduction, are emblematic of larger trends, and themselves used as launching pads for analyses, and thus only account for about a third of each chapter. Then a larger discussion ensues about the principles raised and the general historical period discussed. So after a description of Poitiers, two-thirds of the chapter deals with the Western reliance on landed infantry, in which the militaries of Islam and the West over a large chronological continuum are explored.
In this regard, Bateman must also omit mention that the criteria for selecting nine emblematic battles from many thousands are explained in detail — "The Great Battles" (8-13) and "Other Battles (443-4)?" — at the beginning and end of the book. Within a general chronological procession, there was an effort to introduce as wide a variety of battles as possible, rather than simplistically spacing them out every 200-300 years from the Greeks to the present — e.g., both Western victories and defeats, fighting both at sea and land, battles in and outside Europe, concentration on Greeks, Macedonians, Romans, Christian forces, imperial Spanish and British forces, and contemporary American militaries, etc.
But Bateman then gives no example to prove that I ever said "always successful in war" and cannot.
Now, it does appear true that he never said "always." You can decide for yourself, based on the above sampling of his comments, if I overstated his general thrust and intent.
The problem, of course, is that even if he were honest about the depictions, these are not "randomly selected." They are selected by Hanson. But for the sake of argument, and because they illustrate his technique wonderfully, let us just focus upon two of those exceptions that he cited no fewer than four times in the book, Adrianople and Manzikert.
Again, Bateman does not seem to understand language. When I evoke a number of battles, of course those are selected by me. Who else wrote the text? Anytime an author cites examples — battles, generals, tactics, etc. — he must make decisions of what to omit and include.
Note how when he asserts his selected counter-examples, Hanson tries to let the "West" off the hook by asserting that the "horrific" losses at Adrianople and Manzikert were somewhat understandable because they were fought "far from home" or were fought by the armies of "crumbling empires," or that they were "vastly outnumbered." These are not true statements.
Adrianople was the site of a battle between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Goths. The Roman Emperor was killed during the battle, and the Goths moved on. A generation later they would invade the Western Roman Empire and sack Rome. Adrianople is now the Turkish town of Erdine. In 378 A.D., when this battle took place, it was (and still is) only 120 miles from the very capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. Indeed, instead of being "far from home," it was the very opposite, as it was the closest city to the capital at Constantinople.
Rome, not just Constantinople, was still the capital of the empire. And it would become an eventual target of the Goths' invasion. And that is an important fact in the context since Adrianople was representative of the beginning of the collapse of the Western empire. In fact, Adrianople fit exactly the qualifiers that I wrote: the battle was a result of the Goths crossing the border at the Danube to the north and marked the beginning of the end of the Western empire. Given incursions across the Danube, enemy fleets on the Black Sea, and attacks from Anatolia, Constantinople itself was often quite near the often fluid and changing borders of the Eastern empire.
Hanson's second example, Manzikert, though it would be a slow march to get there, is about the same distance from the capital at Constantinople as Taranto, Italy, is from Genoa, Italy. And, unlike what Hanson would have his readers believe, the odds between the armies were just about even there too, though that apparently did not matter all that much. Hanson calls the loss "horrific," but when he does so he is apparently leaning upon 19th-century interpretations of the battle. The battle was certainly a disaster for the Eastern Romans/Byzantium, but apparently there was not much bloodshed. Modern scholarship suggests that the Byzantines did not lose as many men as earlier historians thought. In fact, it appears, physical loses were nearly negligible from an Empire standpoint.
Once more Bateman simple is not a student of language. Manzikert in Eastern Turkey was again at the borders of the eastern empire. Losses — killed, wounded, missing, and captured — are not equivalent exclusively to deaths. Even revisionist estimates that seek to downplay contemporary conclusions about the severity of the Byzantine defeat, sometimes put losses at 7,000-8,000 — or about 20% of the aggregate Byzantine military force lost in a single battle. At Manzikert, the outcome really was horrific — the emperor himself was captured, the Armenian contingent virtually annihilated, and the army routed. To Byzantines themselves the losses marked the beginning of the decline. Twentieth-century historians like Norwich cannot be dismissed as "19th century," but rather reflect primary source accounts that reflect the Byzantine consensus of the battle's terrible costs.
He does cede that the Muslim armies took Spain, but glosses over the fact that they then held it, a country in the heart of Europe, for more than 600 years.
Once again, not true at all: Spain is not "in the heart of Europe." And by the 11th century most of northern Spain was back in Western hands.
Similarly, he completely ignores Sicily and Corsica. Instead, he focused on the Crusades to make a point. According to Hanson, "It was impossible for any Muslim army, unlike the Crusaders, to transport large armies by sea to storm the heartland of Europe" (p. 168). Yet in the 8th, 9th and 10th centuries, the Muslim armies took to the sea and did just that, they conquered both places, sending army after army (it took 75 years of reinforcements to conquer Sicily) despite Mr. Hanson's assertions, and once completely subjugated, held them for longer than the Crusader states existed in the Middle East. Oh, and they did this with infantry-based armies.
I ignore a lot of battles and sieges in Carnage and Culture, given that it explores 2,500 years of Western warfare, in the context of art, literature, science, and finance in addition to military history. Muslims armies did not do "just that": they did not transport large armies by sea to storm the heartland of Europe. Sicily and Corsica are large islands in the Mediterranean, about the same distance to the coast of Africa as they are far from the heartland of Europe.
Indeed, in his distortions, obfuscations, and general torturing of the facts in order to arrive at his preconceived thesis, Hanson is on par with historian-turned-polemicist Howard Zinn. If you do not know of Zinn, do not regret. You are missing as little as you were before you ever heard of Carnage and Culture. Zinn's signature work, A People's History of the United States, now on its gazillionth printing, follows the same formula as does Hanson's, albeit on a different topic… Both of them approach their topic as though it were a strawberry patch, picking only the ripest of selected strawberries, removing them from the area, and then using the artfully displayed fruit to "prove" to people who have never seen a strawberry bush that all strawberries are ripe. I suspect that it is not coincidental that both of them are very vocal in modern political issues, and both make illogical appeals to their historical credentials to support their respective opinions. Yes, Howard Zinn and Victor Davis Hanson, to continue the produce analogy, are two peas in a pod.
"Very vocal in modern political issues" gives away the Bateman journalistic game and explains this Media Matters hit-piece, which will not even ingratiate him with that now embarrassed patron.
This is all so very sad and the final outburst sums up why this time I write briefly. In lieu of argument, now Bateman can only go off on a bizarre tangent about Howard Zinn — and even there Mr. Bateman misses the irony since Zinn's general views and methodology are often similar to those expressed at Media Matters where Bateman now writes.


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Developer's Advice: Keith Fuller
Keith Fuller worked in game development with titles to his name such as Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, Singularity, Wolfenstein, and Call of Duty: Black Ops. Now he is a leadership consultant providing studios with guidance on improving their management and production practices. Here's Keith's advice in response to my 7 questions for students.
1. Briefly describe your current position (for context).
I'm a leadership consultant. I train game developers to be better leaders and I work with studios to institutionalize superior leadership practices. I was a studio developer for 13 years and saw more than enough examples of bad leaders. Now I help people become good ones.
2. Name one person (feel free to name more if you prefer) who had a strong positive influence on your career, and explain their most important action/advice/reason you consider them so influential.
I consider Adrian Crook to be a major influence on my career because he was the first and most vocal proponent of pursuing a role as an independent consultant. He was enormously transparent about his own similar pursuits and was very friendly and encouraging.
I consider Mike Acton to be a positive influence in that he has consistently impressed upon me the importance of *doing* something. If you see a need, address it. If you don't know everything necessary to undertake a large venture, take the first step you *are* capable of taking. Just do something. Mike is a great friend who has been the antidote to my frequently paralyzing impostor syndrome.
3. Is there a particular piece of career advice you got (or imagine you could have heard) early in your career you wish you'd have acted on?
I bet if I had tried, I would have found someone who'd tell me not to wait for an outside force to guide my own professional development. Instead, I just waited for years for events to unfold. I was a studio developer for more than a decade but I probably experienced about 3 years of career growth during that time because I didn't seek it out. I eventually became something other than a programmer, and then something more than a producer, but it pains me to think how much further and faster I could have traveled if I had sought more opportunities instead of waiting for them to come to me. To be sure, having a mentor would've been a huge boon, but the blame falls to me alone for not advancing my own career.
4. What are the qualities you would suggest are important for a student to have, who wishes to enter your profession, specifically?
I teach people about leadership. For that, you should study tons of existing literature as well as look for real-world examples of good leadership (and be aware enough to recognize bad ones). It helps to have experience at various levels (frontline contributor, first-line manager, manager of managers, etc) to draw from, and for that you need a certain level of patience coupled with a desire to improve. You need a penchant for continuous improvement along with a willingness to change. Marc Merrill, co-founder of Riot Games, once said, "We never assume we're as good at anything as we can be." Riot's been making about $80million a month for more than a year, so I think that's objectively valuable advice.
5. What is a common mistake you notice students / recent graduates tend to make when looking for a job?
There are a few popular misconceptions about "breaking into" the industry. Many students think they will work at companies whose games are advertised on TV. I can tell you there's only the most miniscule chance that a recent graduate will land a job at that type of company. Broaden your search and set your initial sights lower.
Second, many students and graduates don't value themselves appropriately. Note that this is way different from overestimating your skills or acting as though you're entitled to a job. I'm talking about valuing yourself as a human being, not as an employee. Certainly there's a need to "pay your dues" with your first job or two, but always be aware of your own values and those of any company at which you might apply. There are plenty of places that will cash in on your passion and youthful exuberance, then kick you to the curb after you've been worked into a nervous breakdown. Those places aren't worth your time, and you are inherently more valuable than to allow yourself to be treated thusly.
6. What inspires you in your position? Are there any influences that you bring to your work?
When I find an individual or a studio that genuinely wants to improve – that wants to see people led better – that motivates me like nothing else. Our industry is notorious for not caring in the slightest about anything other than hitting milestones. As a result, being a consultant who focuses on leadership is a hard, hard way to make very little money. Any time I encounter someone who wants to learn, that's a rare and exciting breath of fresh air.
7. Are there any other advice you would offer to students entering the games industry?
Think about what it means to be "in" the games industry. If you made your own games at night or on weekends while holding down a day job as a clerk, real estate broker, or pizza delivery person, would you still be in the games industry? If you worked in publishing instead of as a developer, or if you became a human resources specialist at a game studio, would you still be in the games industry? I think it's common for students to get this narrow vision of being a particular type of employee at a particular type of company without realizing just how many opportunities exist in our industry, many of which are imminently more attainable than becoming a concept artist for Blizzard or a level designer at Valve.
I know many people who have become self-taught developers while working a non-games day job. They pursued the specific knowledge about which they were passionate, got to make games on their own terms, and didn't have six figures of debt to show for it.
Other developer interviews:
Alex Hutchinson (Ubisoft)
Jesse Schell (Schell Games)
Noah Falstein (Google)
Chad Chatterton (Ubisoft)
Graeme Bayless (Fireforge Games)
Meeting Robin Hunicke, Chris Avellone and Sheri Graner Ray at the Game Connect Asia Pacific 2012
An amazing event! I also made a number of valuable industry networks. Read more
Developers' Advice: Alex Hutchinson
Alex Hutchinson is the Creative Director on Far Cry 4 (Ubisoft Montreal). This Read more


Education develops the foundation necessary for an individual to reach their potential. This is especially true for individuals with Down syndrome.
Like all people, individuals with Down syndrome learn and develop at their own rate and in their own way. People with Down syndrome have varied goals for their futures and individual expectations of their roles in the family, school and community. Down syndrome is not a blueprint for potential or a prescription for a given educational or life plan. However, people with Down syndrome often experience mild to moderate delays in their cognitive and physical development and research has shown that educational and therapeutic interventions (such as early intervention services) can greatly benefit learners with Down syndrome. Careful consideration, supports and early planning are often necessary to facilitate employment and community life. Your child's education begins with Early Intervention and continues through secondary education and beyond. The information we are sharing here is meant to give you a foundation on education, and basic concepts that will help you navigate through the processes to ensure your child receives the appropriate individual support. There are many more resources at both a local and national level which you can access our Links information.
Early intervention is a systematic program of therapy, exercises and activities designed to address developmental delays that may be experienced by children with Down syndrome or other disabilities. These services are mandated by a federal law called the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The law requires that states provide early intervention services for all children who qualify, with the goal of enhancing the development of infants and toddlers and helping families understand and meet the needs of their children before the begin their school years. The most common early intervention services for babies with Down syndrome are physical therapy, speech and language therapy, and occupational therapy. You should work with your case manager and therapist to ensure your child's goals are documented and agreed upon. Visit our Early Intervention page for additional information.
IDEA or The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), is a law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation. IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education and related services to more than 6.5 million eligible infants, toddlers, children and youth with disabilities.
In IDEA 2004 Congress defined the purpose of special education: "to ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment and independent living" and "to ensure that the rights of children with disabilities and parents of such children are protected"… (Section 1400(d)).
Special education and related services necessary for each individual student is defined by their unique needs and is supported by an Individualized Education Program (IEP). Additional information on IEP's and Inclusion can be found on our Elementary Education information page.
Additional educational experience can be found on our Secondary Education and Post Secondary and Beyond pages.


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Published: January 4, 2020, 9:23 pm Updated: January 4, 2020, 9:36 pm
Tags: Texans, Oilers
For many, the Texans win over the Bills was revenge for that playoff loss 27 years ago
Houston Texans quarterback Deshaun Watson (4) throws a touchdown pass to running back Carlos Hyde (23) during the second half of an NFL wild-card playoff football game against the Buffalo Bills Saturday, Jan. 4, 2020, in Houston. (AP Photo/Michael Wyke) (Copyright 2020 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.)
Saturday's AFC Wild Card game between the Houston Texans and the Buffalo Bills brought back memories for many of the heartbreaking 1993 game between the two teams known as "The Comeback."
The last time the two teams met in the playoffs, the Bills set an NFL record for the largest comeback in NFL history by rallying from a 32-point deficit for a 41-38 overtime win against the Houston Oilers in a Wild Card game in 1993.
While it's the Texans now and not the Oilers, many took to social media after the game to share how this win was revenge for them.
Even though it's Texans (instead of Oilers) now, it looks like Houston just got revenge for the Buffalo playoff comeback 27 years ago!
— Jason Dillon (@jasman777) January 5, 2020
OT win for the @HoustonTexans over the @BuffaloBills Houston Revenge for 1993! #Houston #Texans pic.twitter.com/JvCCNUFmjy
— djriddler (@djriddler) January 5, 2020
Apparently, this is Houston enacting its revenge for The Comeback of 27 years ago. Different franchise, but nobody will care if Texans hang on. #NFL
— Geoff Baker (@GeoffBakerTIMES) January 5, 2020
Houston finally got its playoff revenge against Buffalo. Fitting comeback today. #Texans #SETX
— Thomas Bingham_VYPE (@Texan8thGen) January 5, 2020
I know the Oilers represented Houston in 1993, not the Texans. But Houston got some overtime playoff revenge against Buffalo tonight. In January 1993, Houston jumped out to a 35-3 lead over the Bills, only to lose in OT, 41-38! I watched the game at WOW-FM in Detroit (Royal Oak).
— James Gemmell News Service (@JimGemmellNews) January 5, 2020
Revenge game (loss) from January 3, 1993 when the Houston Oilers were up 35-3 on the Buffalo Bills but lost in OT 41-38. Yes, Texans & Oilers are two different franchises but same City (Houston). Fast fwd 27 yrs & the Texans overcome 16-0 deficit to win 19-16 over the Bills. #NFL https://t.co/oWdHiALae1
— et technology & stuff (@RootedInBayArea) January 5, 2020


Plumbing Yorkville, IL - RJ Kuhn, Inc.
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Because we've been serving Yorkville for so long, we understand many of the plumbing issues of most importance to you. RJ Kuhn is a major source of water-softener, water-heater and plumbing-fixture sales and installation for Yorkville.
RJ Kuhn can also assist you with faucet and valve repair; leaking drains and water pipes; smoke testing for vent leaks and sewer odors; vacant-home winterizing; and the installation of sump pumps, including back-up pumps.
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DC's Legends of Tomorrow -- "Dancing Queen" -- Image Number: LGN403b_0340b.jpg -- Pictured (L-R): Caity Lotz as Sara Lance/White Canary, Matt Ryan as Constantine and Brandon Routh as Ray Palmer/Atom -- Photo: Dean Buscher/The CW -- © 2018 The CW Network, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Legends of Tomorrow Season 4 Episode 3 Recap
By Joey Mills
In Legends of Tomorrow season 4 episode 3, the team heads to London in 1977. A new magical entity threatens to throw the UK into anarchy. The Waverider crew sets out to place one of their own inside a previously unheard of band called The Smell to suss out which of the band members is magical. Through a series of misadventures, Ray becomes the Legends' man on the inside with the punk band.
Time Bros
While the rest of the team is off time-hopping and having adventures, Nate is realizing the banality of office life at the Time Bureau. Ava wants Nate to help the Bureau update 6 years of protocols and procedures to deal with the magical threats to the timeline. Sensing his new Time Bro is becoming frustrated, Gary takes Nate under his wing and shows him around the office, introducing Nate to wild things like Taco Monday.
When a magical threat surfaces in the pair travel to Pleistocene Era to deal with it. Outside the office, Nate asks Gary about his relationship with Constantine, which Gary says is just like Nate and Amaya's in that both Nate and Gary were dumped. While the two only manage to run from a saber-tooth tiger, the magical threat disappears when Gary gives Nate a tropical plant from that era to commemorate their first mission together. The plant turns out to be the magical anomaly, which Gary and Nate have to kill as it runs around the Bureau.
Panty Dropper
Mick doesn't like Constantine and doesn't want him on the mission, so Constantine heads to a Liverpool pub, where Zari tracks him down. The waitress at the pub is Constantine's mother, who he only just met, as she died in childbirth. Constantine tries to kick his father, but the timeline protects itself and won't allow him to do so. Zari says she understands the desire to fix one's past and take care of her loved ones, but they can't do that here. Zari gives Constantine a surveillance photo she took of Constantine and his mother.
Doing Bad Things for Good Reasons
Ray tells the band that his name is Rage to get in with them. Ray eliminates the possibility that the band member Constantine suspected is a leprechaun. The band thinks Ray's a narc, but he proves himself to them by stealing one of the queen's prized corgis, not realizing that he was getting help from Mick and Sarah along the way. The band makes Ray one of their own by giving him a tattoo of a corgi with a mohawk.
Later, the band discovers that Ray isn't who he says he is, showing a flyer of Ray, Nate, Sarah, and Amaya in disco clothing from a previous episode. Charlie tells the group that each of them was someone different at past points in their lives. All that matters is who they choose to be going forward. Ray thanks Charlie and tells her that he really is there to find the magical disturbance. Charlie reveals that she is a shapeshifter who was locked away by small-minded mortals who saw her as different and imprisoned her. She is not going back to that.
When the team comes to send Charlie to Hell, she knocks Ray out and morphs into him, using the Atom suit to fight off the team. Ray orders the suit to stop. As the team traps Charlie, Ray pleads with them to let her go while Charlie morphs into each of them in turn, asking where their moral compass is, before turning into the disco flyer version of Amaya. Unable to send someone who looks like Amaya to Hell, the team imprisons her aboard the ship after Constantine strips away her ability to shapeshift ever again.
Sarah goes to tell Nate that she has a problem on the Waverider and needs his help. Nate says he only took the Bureau job to get off the ship for a while. Everywhere he went on the ship, he was reminded of Amaya. Now, he's ready to come back. Sarah tells Nate that on second thought, maybe he should help out at the Bureau a little while longer.
What did you think about Legends of Tomorrow season 4 episode 3? Let us know in the comments below!
Joey Mills
Host of Pop Goes the Culture podcast. Contributor to ComingSoon.Net, BleedingCool.com, GeekDad.com, and PopGoesTheCulture.com.
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Q: Change password on client with sssd kerberos and ldap I have an error when I use passwd in ldap user session.
I get:
passwd: Authentication token manipulation error

I check this link but it didn't help.
In my cn=config/olcDatabase={1}mbd.ldif I have rules:
olcAccess: {0}to attrs=userPassword,shadowLastChange,krbPrincipalKey by dn="cn=rootdn,ou=private,ou=tl" write by anonymous auth by self write by * none
olcAccess: {1}to dn.base="" by * read
olcAccess: {2}to * by dn="cn=rootdn,ou=private,ou=tl" write by * read

The getent passwd <ldap user> works.
Here my configuration files.
sssd.conf file:
[sssd]
debug_level = 0xFFF0
config_file_version = 2
services = nss,pam
domains = STAGENFS.FR

[nss]
debug_level = 0xFFF0
filter_users = root
filter_groups = root

[pam]
debug_level = 0xFFF0
offline_credentials_expiration = 1

[domain/STAGENFS.FR]
debug_level = 0xFFF0
ldap_schema = rfc2307
ldap_search_base = ou=tl

id_provider = ldap
auth_provider = krb5
chpass_provider = krb5
access_provider = ldap

ldap_access_order = filter
ldap_access_filter = &(objectClass=posixAccount) (uidNumber=*)

ldap_uri = ldaps://ldap02.stagenfs.fr
ldap_referrals = False
ldap_id_use_start_tls = False
cache_credentials = True
account_cache_expiration = 1
enumerate = True
ldap_default_bind_dn = cn=proxyuser,ou=private,ou=tl
ldap_default_authtok_type = password
ldap_default_authtok = ProxyUser123#
ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem

krb5_realm = STAGENFS.FR
krb5_canonicalize = False
krb5_server = kdc.stagenfs.fr
krb5_kpasswd = kdc.stagenfs.fr
krb5_ccachedir = /home/%u

nsswitch file:
# /etc/nsswitch.conf
#
# Example configuration of GNU Name Service Switch functionality.
# If you have the `glibc-doc-reference' and `info' packages installed, try:
# `info libc "Name Service Switch"' for information about this file.

passwd:         compat systemd sss
group:          compat systemd sss
shadow:         compat sss
gshadow:        files

hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns myhostname
networks:       files

protocols:      db files
services:       db files sss
ethers:         db files
rpc:            db files

netgroup:       nis sss
sudoers:        files sss

I have pam_sss.so in pam.d files:
# /etc/pam.d/common-account
    account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore]    pam_sss.so

# /etc/pam.d/common-auth
    auth    [success=1 default=ignore]  pam_sss.so use_first_pass

# /etc/pam.d/common-password
    password    sufficient          pam_sss.so use_authtok

# /etc/pam.d/common-session
    session required    pam_mkhomedir.so skel=/etc/skel/
    session optional            pam_sss.so

Do you know if I need sasl configuration for this ?
If you have any idea, or if you need more informations, don't hesitate ! Thank you.

A: Without seeing logs it's hard to help but I try:
I assume you setup MIT Kerberos with OpenLDAP as backend.
Note that changing krbPrincipalKey does not require write access for the user (self) because the Kerberos key is actually changed by kadmind binding to the LDAP server with its service identity.
So you should check whether you have appropiate ACLs in place for kadmind and the KDC services. If the ACLs mentioned in your question are all you have then there are definitely missing parts.
You can find the details in the MIT Kerberos docs (based on syntax for OpenLDAP static configuration slapd.conf):
Configuring Kerberos with OpenLDAP back-end

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