So, the plan had initially been to try and raise £30,000 by the time I reach the end of my 30th year. However, a little bundle of joy out a slight spanner in the weeks so the deadline has been pushed to the end of my 31st year!
The money raised will be used to build an extra classroom in Kwa Njenga Primary and provide the school with the necessary tools jotters and textbooks that are needing for effective learning to take place.
How will I raise the money? That's a good question!
1. Share the story through social media, blogging and the Internet.
3. Replace all Birthday gifts with donations.
5. Hold a fundraising event.
6. Run a Kickstarter campaign.
7. Try out other weird and wonderful ways to raise money – suggestions welcome!
I am going to aim to do all by the time I turn 31…make that now 32!
This was one of the better classrooms.
Meeting one of the street kids – loved this guy!


text:
Select Year: 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
The Florida Statutes
The 2001 Florida Statutes
Title XVI
Education Chapter 237
Financial Accounts And Expenditures For Public Schools View Entire Chapter
Section 237.121, Florida Statutes 2001
237.121 Penalty.--
(1) Any member of a school board or any superintendent who shall violate the provisions of this chapter shall be guilty of malfeasance and misfeasance in office, and shall be subject to removal from office by the Governor; and any contract or attempted contract entered into by any school officer or subordinate school officer, not within the purview or in violation of the provisions of this chapter shall be void, and no such contract or attempted contract shall be enforceable in any court.
(2) Each member of any school board voting to incur an indebtedness against the district school funds in excess of the expenditure allowed by law, or in excess of any appropriation as adopted in the original official budget or amendments thereto, or to approve or pay any illegal charge against the said funds, and any chair of a school board or superintendent who shall sign a warrant for payment of any such claim or bill of indebtedness against any of the said funds shall be personally liable for the amount, and shall be guilty of malfeasance in office and subject to removal by the Governor. It shall be the duty of the Auditor General or other state official charged by law with the responsibility for auditing school accounts, upon discovering any such illegal expenditure or expenditures in excess of the appropriations in the budget as officially amended, to certify such fact to the Department of Banking and Finance, which thereupon shall verify such fact and it shall be the duty of the said Department of Banking and Finance to advise the Department of Legal Affairs thereof, and it shall be the duty of the said Department of Legal Affairs to cause to be instituted and prosecuted, either through its office or through any state attorney, proceedings at law or in equity against such member or members of a school board or superintendent; provided, that if either of the said officers do not institute proceedings within 90 days after the audit has been certified to them by the Department of Banking and Finance then any taxpayer may institute suit in his or her own name in behalf of the district.
History.--s. 1081, ch. 19355, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 892(400), 8115(20); s. 10, ch. 20970, 1941; s. 14, ch. 21989, 1943; s. 174, ch. 65-239; s. 8, ch. 69-82; ss. 11, 12, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 1, ch. 69-300; s. 167, ch. 72-221; s. 2, ch. 95-148.
Note.--Former s. 237.23.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Each week, MTV News is breaking down the big moments in DC Comics' "Batman Eternal," the weekly series that just dropped two major villain-bombs as it enters its second act.
MTV News: Normally I'd go through the issue bit by bit, but let's just jump straight to the end, because dude! Jason Bard! What happened! He's been betraying us all along?
James Tynion IV: [Laughs] That was one of the twists, right at the beginning, that we knew we wanted to do. We knew we wanted to make the readers fall in love with a character who really seems to be on their side, and then we wanted to rip that out from under them, because we're jerks like that.
I will say that his story is far from over, and it's not a purely black and white story. Even though he's clearly working on some kind of agenda, that doesn't mean he doesn't believe in the agenda is a part of.
This has been a plan from the beginning, to get Jason Bard to the place he is right now, in order to usher in the next level of terror in Gotham City.
MTV: Now is he really Jason Bard? Is he someone else entirely? Is he wearing a false face? What else can you tell us about what's going on with him?
Tynion: That is Jason Bard, it's the Jason Bard we've been seeing in the story since the first few pages of "Batman Eternal #1." His story is very much the long story of "Batman Eternal," so you can bet that his story is not over at this point.
That doesn't mean his story is going to be particularly fun for Batman.
One thing I can point at is that back in "Batman #28," our little flash-forward issue, we saw a very militarized police state in Gotham City, and people can now imagine how that might happen.
MTV: The other huge villain reveal is that Hush is working with Jason Bard. I'm pretty sure this is his first appearance in the New 52, right?
Tynion: He's not appeared in the New 52, to my knowledge.
MTV: So who is he in the New 52?
Tynion: People should expect him to be the iconic version of the character. That is Tommy Elliott under the wrappings. This is the New 52, there might be tweaks to his story along the way, but this is a Hush that has been active in Gotham. We assume that a lot of these stories happened more or less the way they happened in the old continuity, and that's how we approached this.
Hush being involved is something we talked about from the beginning, making him one of the major villains of the series. You can see now one of our big goals was brining in these major bat villains, who we haven't seen before in the New 52, starting with Carmine Falcone, and now with Hush.
This issue is the transition into the second act of "Batman Eternal" in a big way, and the second act is going to be very tumultuous, and very dangerous for Batman and all of his allies.
Tynion: That points to the fact that over the course of the series you've seen Bard talking on the phone with his mother about what's going on, and his advancement in the police force… But that's been the cover the whole time. It's actually been Hush that he's reporting to, going back to that conversation in the first issue.
MTV: So Bard and Hush are behind this plan, but are they the final level? Is there some big boss beyond them?
Tynion: This is issue 21 or a 50 issue story, so there's definitely lots of twists and turns to come. Every issue is marching us closer and closer to the moment we saw on top of the Beacon Tower, the flashforward in the first issue. It's being set up very directly in the comic. I will point to the fact that the person on top of that roof did refer to Batman as Bruce, and Tommy is one of the only villains who knows his secret identity, so take that as you will.
MTV: Looking back on the first page, the scene with Vicki, it takes on a very noir feel once you read the end of the issue. Is she in on all of this too?
Tynion: No. She believes Jason is exactly who he says he is, and she believes that the stories she's running, and the exclusives she's getting through this relationship are a helpful thing. She thinks she has this perfect in on the police force that can advance her career. We're going to see a lot more of that in the next few weeks, and months.
MTV: How about Batman? We don't get a lot of his internal – or external – monologue here, but he can't be happy with these new developments.
Tynion: Clearly Hush is playing Bruce. He knows how to play with Bruce's expectations, since he's known him his entire life. We're going to really start breaking into how Batman is feeling, being so far behind, because at the beginning of it, it feels like a kind of victory. They finally have the evidence that can get Gordon out of prison, and prove his innocence, but now the person who was going to do that is under the thumb of one of his greatest villains.
It seems like it was a step forward, but it's a step back; and even though he thought he was close to figuring out the heart of the mystery, it's still massively out of his control. That's a position Batman hates to be in, and is dangerous not just for him, but for all of Gotham.
MTV: There's that amazing splash page of Hush injecting fear serum directly into Alfred's brain… We see what this does in the short term, but how about long term? Can Alfred recover from this?
Tynion: It's going to be something that's very hard for him to recover from. It's such a concentrated dose of something that's so dangerous even in its aerosol form. It's something he's going to have a very hard time coping with, and it's going to take him to some very dark places over the course of the series; and make it very hard for him to help Batman.
MTV: Does this mean Hush is working with Scarecrow?
Tynion: It means he was able to get his hands on the fear toxin.
MTV: Last bit, let's talk about The Architect, who is going to play in big next issue. Who is he, for those not familiar with the "Batman: Gates Of Gotham" series?
Tynion: He was created by Scott Snyder and Kyle Higgins, and knowing that Kyle was coming on the book, it became clear the Architect would be perfect to bring back in this moment.
We're going to see the Architect story unfold over the next few issues in a major way, as he ties into the construction of the Beacon Tower.
In short, this is a man who's legacy is, his family built Gotham City, but Gotham has covered over that the Gates built as much as they did by the prominent families of Gotham. He has a huge grudge against Gotham. The longer he wears his suit, the more he's driven insane. He's been out of the suit long enough that lawyers have been able to get him out of Gotham, and into Blackgate. But now he's going to be back in the suit, and that doesn't bode well for anyone.


GIMP operations can be automated with scripting languages. Fixed a CSS glitch on media library.
This chance had, above all, to take place in the Anglo-Saxon States through the intermixture of people with Britons and Danes. It would be great to have the new theme only if you face the problem with the Thesis platform or any other reasons.
The update functionality here will be overwritten later with custom behaviour. Disadvantages The disadvantages of the Module pattern are that as we access both public and private members differently, when we wish to change visibility, we actually have to make changes to each place the member was used.
Ben Cherry previously suggested an implementation where a function wrapper is used around module definitions in the event of there being a number of commonalities between modules. The history of political ideas begins, in fact, with the assumption that kinship in blood is the sole possible ground of community in political functions; [there is no]…[revolution]…so startling and so complete as the change which is accomplished when some other principle—such as that, for instance, of local contiguity—establishes itself for the first time as the basis of common political action…In one all-important instance, that of the Roman law, the change was effected so slowly, that from epoch to epoch we can observe the line and direction which it followed, and can even give some idea of the ultimate result to which it was tending.
It is the first known society to have moved fully into the third level of class organization, exhibiting to us symmetrical, political class struggle though only on one of what we shall see to be two principal dimensions of its extensive class structure.
The second of these points refers to a case where we might need code such as: Dodge and burn tool is a brush that makes target pixels lighter dodges or darker burns Animation showing three docked and tabbed dialogs: It is…of the clearest indications that society in primitive times was not what it is assumed to be at present, a collection of individuals.
From Sacred Enclave to Temple City Michael Hudson Although the details are unclear, we do know that this process had reached its final stage during the centuries in which the Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean. As for Thesis, there are countless third party developers offering great membership plugins that you can download and easily install.
In the Yoast SEO plugin, there is an extra option to add the focus keyword. Classically, the Singleton pattern can be implemented by creating a class with a method that creates a new instance of the class if one doesn't exist.
Track and collaborate Manage all your work. A new plugin interface will be offered in months. Most day-to-day economic production was undertaken within the extended householdoften by slaves in the Classical world.
The cement which holds their members together is the feeling of solidarity, the esteem for each other as men, the honour and virtue of the associates and the faith in them not an arithmetical rule of probabilities, indifferent to all good and bad personal qualities.
XCF file size is extended to more than 4 GB since 2. Changing the Citation Styles This can be done by clicking the paintbrush logo. Animations are created either by placing each frame on its own layer in other words, treating each layer as an animation celor by manipulating each numbered file as if it were a frame in the video: Variables or methods defined within the returning object however are available to everyone.
You can load multiple videos which will be played back synchronously. Where in the world is Paul Irish today?
They don't provide a way for code that is unaware of a previous reference to them to easily retrieve them. It was also fabulously rich by ancient standards. In the GoF book, the applicability of the Singleton pattern is described as follows: Miller Medeiros has previously recommended this excellent article on the Singleton and its various issues for further reading as well as the comments to this article, discussing how Singletons can increase tight coupling.
These paragraphs from the first chapter of the book give a good account of his major thesis.
An indefinite number of causes may have shattered the primitive groups…At some point of time—probably as soon as they felt themselves strong enough to resist extrinsic pressure…all these states ceased to recruit themselves by factitious extensions of consanguinity.
Remember each entry on the path should be seperated by semi-colons for example my path is: Gradient plug-ins are also available. When we no longer wish for a particular observer to be notified of changes by the subject they are registered with, the subject can remove them from the list of observers.
The expedient which in those times commanded favour was that the incoming population should feign themselves to be descended from the same stock as the people on whom they were engrafted; and it is precisely the good faith of this fiction, and the closeness with which it seemed to imitate reality, that we cannot now hope to understand.
Visibly this looks like a red colored overlay being added or removed.Back in MayLewis Rossman, author of EPANET, released a small utility to convert dxf files to EPANET format.
After a little time he announced that the EPA will. Do you want to properly install and setup Yoast SEO plugin? At WPBeginner we use WordPress SEO plugin by Yoast because it is the most complete SEO solution for WordPress websites.
In this article, we will show you how to install and setup Yoast SEO and utilize all the awesome features that come with it. Free HTML Website Maker. Create awesome website with slideshow in seconds.
For Mac and Windows! Make your job easier with Adobe Acrobat DC, the trusted PDF creator. Use Acrobat to convert, edit and sign PDF files at your desk or on the go. The videos below follow up on two other series of videos. First in the series are the Thesis Launch Party videos which introduced the new design and content options.
This series is aimed at helping beginners get started with customizing the appearance of Thesis This post tells you how you can easily make an Android application to extract the text from the image being captured by the camera of your Android phone! We'll be using a fork of Tesseract Android Tools by Robert Theis called Tess Two.
They are based on the Tesseract OCR .


In my previous post, I've told you about the client code debugging, which is similar in Dynamics AX 2009 and AX 2012. The server code debugging has differences for these two versions and here is how you can do it.
Go to the server environment and open the AX Client Configuration Utility. Then press the Manage button and choose Create New Configuration. Name the configuration.
On the tab page Connection set the server name, instance name, and port. Make sure that you use the appropriate port, because if you have many instances of AX it can differ from the standard 2712 port.
On the tab page Developer make sure that the Enable user breakpoints to debug in the Business Connector and Enable global breakpoints to debug code running in the Business Bonnector or client check-boxes are marked.
Open the AX Server Configuration Utility and press the Manage button. Select Create New Configuration and name the configuration.
On the tab page Application Object Server select the application file location, alternate bin directory, and application instance. Make sure that Enable breakpoints to debug X++ code running on this server and Enable global breakpoints to debug X++ code running in batch jobs are checked.
Open the development workspace from the Dynamics AX client to set a breakpoint on a necessary line.
Schedule a batch job. Its status can be checked in Basic > Inquiries > Batch Job. The execution will soon be stopped at the previously inserted breakpoint and you can continue stepping through the code.
Go to the server environment and open the AX Server Configuration Utility. The server configuration is usually set during the AOS installation, so it doesn't necessarily have to be changed by every new user. Make sure that the configuration is the one you need and check the Enable breakpoints to debug X++ code running on this server and Enable global check-boxes.
Now open Visual Studio. Please note that in order to attach to the AOS process, the development environment must run at the server side.
Choose View > Application Explorer in the main menu of IDE. If the AOS Disconnected message appears in the Application Explorer, the IDE should be configured to open with the specific AX client settings. As soon as you are connected, find the needed classes in the AOT of the Application Explorer pane.
To attach IDE to the AOS process, select Attach to process in the Debug menu. Check Show processes from all users and Show processes from all sessions in the dialog.
If you have many AOS services because of multiple AOS configurations, make sure to select the right service, as they differ by ID only. Use the Task manager to run this check: open the process properties and get the AOS name from the AOS path.
When you are sure which process you want VS to attach to, select it in the Attach to process window.
If the security warning appears, click Attach to proceed. If you are logged into the server account that is not the account used for the AOS service, the warning will appear again and again.
Breakpoint within unavailable code. In this case, make sure that the incremental CIL is generated.
Schedule the batch job. Visual Studio will open as soon as its required breakpoint is hit.
In the Visual Studio debugger you can use the same commands as in the Dynamics AX debugger: step in, step out, add watch, etc.
If changes are made to the X++ code, they will have no effect unless the CIL generation is done after the X++ code compilation. The incremental CIL will compile the objects modified since the last incremental generation. When this is done, the changes will appear in next debugging session.
Now that you know more about server debugging in AX 2009 and AX 2012, I will move on to the next topic and tell you how to debug services in Dynamics AX.


text:
Q: Ansible how to reference item in jinja2 template I have a play as follows
    - name: create the unison preference file
      template:
      src: default.prf.j2
      dest: /root/.unison/{{ item }}.prf
      with_items: groups['ndeployslaves']

The contents of the default.prf.j2 file is as follows
    root = /home
    root = ssh://root@{{ item }}//home
    ignore = Path virtfs
    ignore = Path */mail

The item variable is not working in the template and I am getting the error
TASK [unison_master : create the unison prefrence file] ************************
fatal: [127.0.0.1]: FAILED! => {"failed": true, "msg": "'item' is undefined"}
How do I reference an item inside a template used in a play?

A: Since it's not letting you use {{item}} in the template, you could do this:
- name: create the unison preference file
  copy:
    src: default.prf
    dest: "/root/.unison/{{ item }}.prf"
    force: no
  with_items: "{{ groups['ndeployslaves'] }}"

- name: edit preference file
  lineinfile:
    dest: "/root/.unison/{{ item }}.prf"
    line: "root = ssh://root@{{item}}//home"
    regexp: '^root = ssh://'
  with_items: "{{ groups['ndeployslaves'] }}"

The contents of default.prf on your local host should be:
root = /home
root = ssh://
ignore = Path virtfs
ignore = Path */mail

However I have {{item}} working in a template. Are you sure your whitespace is correct? src and dest need to be indented one level deeper than template, but with_items needs to be on the same level as template.
- name: create the unison preference file
  template:
    src: default.prf.j2
    dest: "/root/.unison/{{ item }}.prf"
  with_items: "{{ groups['ndeployslaves'] }}"

A: The error was caused by an indentation error.
The with_items: groups['ndeployslaves'] was indented a level deeper than it should have.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Hyptia floridana is a species of ensign wasp in the family Evaniidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

References

Further reading

Evanioidea
Hymenoptera of North America
Taxa named by William Harris Ashmead
Insects described in 1901
Articles created by Qbugbot

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"Unprecedented …. Auto Union is raising the bar of competition for the racing scene!" A headline of sports news from 1936 might well have read like this. We're talking about the Auto Union Type C bolide from 1936-1937 which participated at the famous "fog-race" at the Nürburgring in 1936. CMC is providing a high class model of this race car to the market.
There is hardly another vehicle besides this Grand Prix-race car, designed by the ingenious constructor Ferdinand Porsche, which wrote sustainable race history like the Auto Union Type C.


For years men have been arguing which tool is better – electric shaver vs. razor.
On one end we have the electric shaver followers.
They'd argue that an electric shaver does what a razor does without much of the fuss.
Men who use safety razors or even cartridges say that electric razors don't shave as close.
Both sides have valid points for sure.
But which tool is better?
What factors should you consider in choosing between the two?
The alarm clock rings loudly. There's an important meeting at 10 am, and you need a shave badly. Pressed for time, you apply shaving gel. And use a 5 blade razor to mow down the 5-day old stubble.
On the way to work, you feel that unmistakable stinging sensation of razor burn.
An electric razor won't give you as much irritation but it won't shave as close.
A safety razor would cut close minus the irritation but you'll have to learn proper technique. And doing a proper 3-pass shave will take at least 10 minutes or so.
These are just some of the compromises that you need to make in choosing between an electric shaver and razor.
To better understand the functionality of an electric razor, let us go back in time and look at its history.
Before the electric razor, there was the wind-up razor invented in 1906 by W.G. Shocky. It cuts off facial hair using a back and forth vibrating motion much like the Gillette Fusion razor.
This was the first mechanical device invented to shave. And it paved the way for the first electric shaver that was invented in 1927 by Jason Schick. Unlike the wind-up razor that needed shaving cream, Jason Schick came up with a device that does away with it.
As a member of the U.S. Army, he hurt his ankle during a cold winter assignment and had trouble shaving with a bum foot.
He had to crawl out of bed every morning to chip away and melt ice just to shave.
Thinking that there must be an easier way, Schick set out to invent the first dry electric shaver.
His design had oscillating blades what work much like a barber's clipper.
While Schick laid the groundwork for the electric razor, Remington was the first to introduce the micro screen foil to cover the oscillating blades in 1937.
The rotary shaver was born.
Fast forward two years in 1939, Philips gave the shaving world's first rotary shaver and then in 1966 the triple head rotary shaver.
In the 1940s, the first battery-powered electric shavers entered the market.
And 20 years later Remington took it a step further by introducing the first rechargeable battery-powered electric razor.
The rest of the story is history and electric shavers have grown to a multi-billion dollar business.
Electric shavers have a motor that powers the blades.
To protect the skin from direct contact, a foil stands in between blade and razor. So these shavers won't cut as close as a straight, safety and even a cartridge razor.
What you're paying for is the convenience of not having to use shaving cream and the ability to shave dry. But expect some stubble on your face afterward.
There are two types of electric shavers – the foil and rotary.
A foil razor uses oscillating blades that move back and forth to cut facial hair. Since the blades move back and forth in a linear pattern, you'll have to move it in a similar pattern to shave.
The second type is the foil shaver that uses a blade that moves in a circular motion like a grass cutter.
Another difference would be the technique. Instead of using a back and forth motion, you'll use a circular motion with a rotary.
You can learn more about the difference between these two in this article.
The safety razor is been here much longer than the electric razor. King Camp Gillette was the brains behind the invention of this shaving device.
Yes, I know it's hard to believe that Gillette had safety razors before ditching them completely in favor of the cartridge and disposable.
Before men had access to this, the only tool available was the straight razor.
With apologies to the cartridge and disposable razor, the safety razor is the best pure compromise between the closeness of a straight razor and the quick shaving time of an electric razor.
What's great about the safety razor is the cheap cost of DE blades. Unlike cartridges that can cost over $10 for a 4 pack, DE blades cost just a fraction.
Safety razors can shave almost as close as a straight razor minus the inherent risks of raking an open blade on your face. Once you master proper technique, you'll be able to shave close with much less irritation than a multi-blade cartridge.
All things being equal, a good quality safety razor will last a lifetime while an electric razor will last for about 20 years.
That is if you buy good quality brands from reputable stores and take good care of it.
Disposable razors don't last very long. After the blades dull up, it's a throwaway. Cartridge razors are more environmentally friendly because you just replace the cartridge.
A decent safety razor will cost around $30 more or less while a decent DE blade will cost 10 cents per piece.
Let's say you change blades 3 times a week. In 10 years after the initial $30 investment for the safety razor, you'll only spend $156.
Even if you change the blade twice more, you'll spend only $312 for that time frame. Add the safety razor to the cost and you'd still be spending less than $400.
That frees up a lot of cash to do other stuff or buy a better safety razor.
You can check this infographic to see the cost difference between a straight razor, safety razor, cartridge razor and disposable razor in a 70 year period.
On the other hand, a good electric razor will cost around $200.
You will need to replace the shaver head every 18 months.
The replacement head of a Braun 9000 series will cost around $48. The total cost of ownership when you add up to $536 over 10 years.
And that does not include the cost of cleaning cartridges if you choosing something with a cleaning base like the Braun series.
Cartridge and disposable razors have the lowest cost of entry. A Gillette MACH 3 will cost around $8 and a 15 piece refill pack will cost $26.
I've written an article that compares the Gillette Mach 3 and Fusion. If you want to know more just click on the link.
Let's say you replace a MACH 3 cartridge once a week, a 15 piece cartridge refill pack will last for a little over 3 months. Rounding that number off, you'll repurchase a refill every 4 months. You'll spend, wait for it, $810!!! And that's for refills alone for 10 years.
I'm using real prices from Amazon. If you buy this retail, it may cost more, so the numbers you see above are conservative.
Choosing between an electric shaver and razor will all boil down to personal preference and lifestyle.
For busy men who don't have much shaving time then an electric razor is a great option. Men who don't want to spend money on a quality electric shaver should go with either a safety razor or cartridge.
Cartridge razors don't have as high a learning curve and will shave faster but costs of refills will quickly add up. Safety razors will require practice to master and will take more time but DE blades are cheap.
If you find this article useful please share it with your friends, family, and co-workers on social media.


I love the way this set of hotpads turned out. I made them to go into the set that includes these dishcloths and these dishtowels. Miss Abigail is also working on this set and has completed this dishtowel, and this dishcloth so far.
Because the first hotpad of the set turned out so well, I wanted to make a tutorial with the second. If these directions aren't clear, please don't hesitate to leave a comment or ask a question that will make me clarify. Begin with two colors of cotton worsted weight yarn. I used a size F hook, but a G will also work fine.
1. With color A, chain 24. Dc in the fourth chain from the hook.
2. Dc in the next chain also, but leave the last two loops on the hook in order to change colors. This is called an incomplete dc. With the last two loops on the hook, drop color A and pick up color B. Simply pull a loop of color B yarn through the two loops to complete the dc.
3. Lay the loose color A yarn across the top of the stitches you are crocheting into. With color B, dc in the next chain, inserting the hook into the stitch from front to back as usual. This will enclose the color A yarn within the stitch and allow you to "carry" it across the row. Give a little tug on the tail of the new color to tighten up the stitch in the back. With color B, dc in the next two stitches, carrying the other yarn on top of the stitches you are crocheting into.
4. When the third dc is incomplete, with the last two loops on the hook, drop color B and pick up color A again.
5. Complete the stitch with color A. Color B will now lay across the top of the stitches and be carried until you pick it up again.
6. Now and then you may need to tug gently on the yarn you are carrying, to keep it from bunching up inside the other stitches.
7. At the end of the row, change colors again. The color change always happens when the last two loops remain on the hook. With the new color, chain 3 to turn the row.
8. Pull the previous color up and lay the yarn across the top of the stitches as before. Dc in the top of the next two dc, enclosing and carrying the yarn. This checkered pattern is worked in alternating groups of three dc. The last dc in each group is left incomplete in order to change colors of yarn. The yarn not in use is carried and enclosed as you stitch.
9. Nine rows total should make the piece square. To make the set of hot pads, crochet 4 separate pieces and weave in all the loose ends.
10. Attach yarn at the top left corner of one piece and chain 2. With two pieces together, use a loose sc stitch to crochet the two pieces together down the side.
11. Put 2 sc around the end dc in each row, with 1 sc bringing the corner stitches together. (19 total sc on the sides) Turn the corner with 2 chain and a second sc in the same corner stitch.
12. Sc in each stitch across the bottom, both pieces together. (21 stitches across, not counting the corner stitches.) Turn the corner with (1sc, ch 2, 1 sc.) Crochet up the other side with 2 sc in each row and (1sc, ch 2, 1 sc) in the corner.
13. Sc in each stitch across the top, catching both pieces together.
14. Sc in the beginning corner space to complete the round. To make the final "trim" round, (ch 3, dc, ch 1, dc) in the same corner space to create the initial corner.
15. Dc in each stitch around the edges. Turn each corner with a (dc, ch 1, dc, ch 1, dc).
16. Complete the round with a slip stitch at the top of the beginning ch 3.
17. Fasten off the yarn and weave in the end. If you like you can add a simple chain loop before you clip the yarn.
18. Repeat with the other two pieces to make the second hot pad. Finished!
Shared on Raising Homemaker's Wednesday Link-up.
Shared on Whipperberry's Friday Flair.
Hi! This is such a pretty project, and I can't wait to try it! I've wanted to tell you for quite some time how much I enjoy reading your blog. Thanks for sharing the projects you and your daughter do to prepare her for her adult life. I sure wish I'd had training like this as a young lady! One of the things I find so inspirational about your projects is that the projects are often quite simple. I tend to pick overly-ambitious projects that take a very long time to finish and cause undue frustration. Your projects have taught me that simpler projects that are well-planned and well-executed can add such a wonderfully cozy and pleasant feeling to life at home. Thanks!
Hello Cami! Your comment just made my day - I'm so glad you find the blog inspiring. That just makes me smile. ;o) - big smile, showing my teeth smile.
hi, I was attempting this yellow checkered pot holder and I started out with your stated chain 14 but mine does not have the amount of alternating yellow and white colors of three on each row as you show in the photo. Did you perhaps mean chain 24?
Yes, Cindy - I meant 24 and I'm so glad you found that typo. I've corrected it and appreciate your comment. THANK YOU!
Hi, i see you talk about kitchen sets, can you tell me what goes into a kitchen set? Also if its not too much trouble do u have a list of what should be in a hope chest?
Lynn, each of my kitchen sets is a little different. It mostly depends on what I find or design that matches the other pieces I have collected. I usually start with an apron or apron fabric and then include at least one and often more of the following to match the apron: dishtowels, dishcloths, hand towels and hot pads. So a kitchen set would be some combination of these items. Then I make an envelope of some kind to hold them together in the hope chest.


Communication in a work environment is key, and many industries require specific means of communication in order to maintain efficiency in the workplace. In a number of businesses focused on customer service, earpieces have become a proven tool for effective customer and client satisfaction.
Customer Experience – There is no need to disrupt your customers shopping experience, or have them listen to the conversations happening over the two way radios among your staff. An earpiece allows your staff to hear the happenings in their environment, and respond to those needs, but keeps the customer focused on shopping.
Operational – Having an earpiece means you can hear your radio while you're on the go. In busy, and sometimes noisy, work environments, there are often distractions that take away from communications among staff. Earpieces can prevent that.
Privacy – A great use for discreet conversations or sensitive topics, whether it be a medical situation, or security measure.
It's important to remember that clearly communicating for customer service, daily operations, and during emergency situations matters above any other skill.
Motorola is a proven leader in radios with added convenience coming from its accessories, like earpieces. Knowing various industries have unique situations, Motorola doesn't just provide one kind of earpiece either. If you've been searching for a radio with more efficient technology, here's how earpieces can improve your two way radio experience in every industry from warehousing to emergency services.
When you use an earpiece, sometimes wiring is necessary to make it convenient, though Motorola never makes it obstructive. For jobs in retail, you've perhaps seen people using earpieces with one audio wire attaching everything. Motorola gives you this option while allowing easy access to the microphone and push-to-talk (PTT) combined.
PTT gives you a wired unit that you press to talk into your microphone. With the wiring very thin, it's a more affordable technology enabling your retail workers to do manual labor without holding a radio.
Using this helps enhance customer service by getting quick answers to customer questions. Now employees won't disrupt the customer experience by having to walk to another part of the store to get information.
This is the most common earpiece used in the most industries using two way radios. Perhaps you prefer to have separate wires for the earpiece and PTT. These accessories work better for employees of the hospitality industry, warehousing, manufacturing, education and recreation, among others. Those who work in security frequently use these as well, since it's easier to fit the wiring inside industry clothing.
Once again, you have an easy push-to-talk button for instant communication with the amazing range you can expect from Motorola products. The operational advantage to these is employees can hear information on their radios while on the go. Those in warehouses, especially, are frequently on foot and may need information for equipment inspections.
Those who work in security, police, or surveillance work sometimes prefer separating the mic, earpiece, and PTT button to make it more comfortable to use.
It can configure in a way where you have the PTT near your hand for easier and discreet speaking abilities. When at security checkpoints, it makes for more inconspicuous movements if you're checking up on a possible criminal situation.
We all know we live in a wireless world, and Motorola takes this seriously. In recent years, Motorola introduced wireless earpieces for those in security or police careers. This technology is easy to use, lightweight, and works up to 50 feet from a Bluetooth-enabled radio.
One thing you can count on with Motorola is the range on their radios is outstanding, which is necessary when working in fields where you're far away from people. Since many careers involve being on the go and working in challenging situations, earpieces give perfect audio clarity when relaying info and keeping conversations discreet.
Before you buy, it's worth looking at the above configurations in more detail to see what you need for your particular industry. Each one can help many other careers from restaurant employees to floor managers where privacy and communication are just as vital.
Contact us here at Nova Communications to find out more information about these earpieces and discover what your company needs. Need two way radios? Try the FREE Online Radio Selector below.


I've been doing a lot of screens lately and it's always good to stay fresh and to check on what's hot in the design community. I've checked some analytics UI design and what I found is super cool. Here are my findings.


In iPhoto 11 you can touch up your photos in several ways. You can cure red-eye, fix blemishes, straighten photos and more. You can also enhance or alter the colors in your photos in a number of ways. iPhoto always remembers the original photo, so you can revert even after changes have been made.
Closed captioning for this video is available on YouTube: MacMost Now 477: Editing Photos in iPhoto 11.
Hi, this is Gary with MacMost Now. In today's episode, let's learn how to touch-up photos in iPhoto '11.
So, here I am looking at an event and I'm going to double-click on a photo to go into it. And then I'm going to click the edit button at the bottom. This will take me to the touch-up area. And I can do several things here on the right. Let's start with one of the easiest things--and this photo obviously needs to fix the red-eye in it. And see it right there. And so, I'm gonna click on Fix Red-Eye and instantly you'll see that the red-eye's been fixed. That's because when you click that button, it will automatically fix it and you can see the check mark there for Auto-fix red-eye. Now, if I wanted to manually fix it--say, that it didn't do a very good job--I can un-click that and you can see that the red-eye is back. Then I could select a size for the red-eye tool. If I wanted to, I could zoom in here on the eyes a little bit better. So, now I can select something--it's about the right size for the eyes--and then I simply click on the eyes and fix it. If I want to save these changes, I press the Done button. Otherwise, I can click Undo here or Revert to Original to go all the way back.
Now, the main tool for touching up a photo is the Retouch tool. Click there and then, basically, you can select an area in here and touch it up. And you can see what it does--it kinda removes blemishes. In this case, it removed part of my beard. I can undo it--there, I can change the size of the Retouch area very easily. And one of the cool things you can do with Retouch, is you can select the area that you want it to select from. So, for instance, the default here you can see what it does there. I can hold the option key down and select an area here. And you can see it kinda does a similar thing, but if I were to select an area here inside my beard and then apply that here, it actually adds more beard there because it's sampling from this area.
Now, if you want to do just the entire photo, uh, the colors, brightness, contrast, things like that, one tool you can use is just simply to click Enhance and that will change the entire photo. Uh, if that doesn't get you the results you want, you can revert back to the original and go to the adjustment tab here at the top. Then you can do all sorts of things to adjust the levels and play with it here--always reverting. You can adjust the Tint--all sorts of different things that you can adjust here and play with your photo. Uh, one of the cool things that you can do is you can use the Eye-Dropper tool here. Uh, you can select a kind of neutral point in the photo and have it adjust, based on that neutral point.
Now, in addition to these specific controls, you can also go to Effects. And Effects, of course, has these special effects, like Edge Blur and Boost, but you can use these buttons at the top to do things, like Lighten a photo and you can press it repeatedly to keep lightening it. Or you can make it warmer or cooler.
Another thing that comes in handy is the ability to be able to straighten, uh, photos. So, you can see here I've got a horizon line--it's a little crooked--so, I'm going to use Straighten. And I can see now the grid, I can see how the horizon here is a little higher than over here. So, I'm going to change the angle ever so slightly. And, in doing so, I'm gonna crop-out a little bit of the photo, so it remains rectangular. And now I've got something that's perfectly fit into the area.
So, the thing about doing this in iPhoto is you always have the original there. So, here I've corrected the red-eye, I've enhanced the photo, and made it a little warmer. And I can go back here and, this is the photo now that I have in iPhoto, but I can always go to Edit and go to Revert to Original and it will remove all those changes and go back to the original photo. So, you always have the opportunity to go back to the original photo. iPhoto never gets rid of it.
I showed you what you can do in iPhoto '11. Now, this is strictly for editing photos that you've taken. If you want to do something more, like create graphics, then you probably have to move to another tool, say, like Photoshop.
Other than the page layout, this seems to be all the same editing features as my older iPhoto 9. What's new?
Most (all?) of that is in iPhoto 09 too.
There are a lot of new features in iPhoto 11 and they can be found at http://www.apple.com/ilife/iphoto/.
Thanks, Gary, for your GREAT service to ALL of us who STILL think Apple should supply manuals with the computers they sell. Every trip to my machines (iMac 27″ and 15″ MBPro [brand new]) is the beginning of a steep learning curve and I find myself not even going into my office at all. Productivity has gone to zippo and I have spent nearly six grand on fabulous equipment that you have to guess how to use.
Your video and iPhoto deals with 'red eye'. What about 'green eye'… often seen with animals?
I don't know. I've never seen green eye. If you have a picture with it, then why not try it. The auto function may not work, but the manual one should work for sure.
Just duplicate the photo before editing.
I am unable to save my edited photos in iphoto 11. When I double click on it to enlarge it in full screen after it's been edited in iphoto, there is an exclammation point on a triangle that appears, and I can't share it.
Do you mean "save" or "share" — and share in what sense? Email? Facebook? Something else?
i am having a similar problem too, i have edited my photos, send them and they are the un-edited photo. i have done some in black and white , they have stayed black/white but any special edits are saved, how can you save and share the finished edited copy?
Odd. I'm not sure what could be causing that. So it is one step behind on editing? It recognizes the first, but not the second when you try to email? Are you using the Share, Email function. Or dragging and dropping from iPhoto into an email message?
I'm really not sure what could be causing this.
Hi Gary, have you tried all these other options on your editing,?
can you please also tell me what the spinning ball is after i have done editing etc ?
That means something is processing. Impossible to say from here why you are getting it at that particular moment, though.
When I use red eye edit, the corrected pupils are always blue. None of my gramkids have blue eyes unless I edit their red eyed pics with iPhoto 11. Is there a way to correct this or is blue the only choice?
Interesting. I always see it as black. I'm not sure if you have a choice in iPhoto. The original color is missing completely, of course, since it has been replaced with red in the image. I suppose you could use a full-strength photo editor like Photoshop to change any pixels to anything you want if you want to put the effort into it.
I edit a photo in iPhoto and the edited version shows up in the thumb nail but when I try to print (command p) I get the original version. What steps am I missing?
Not sure. Try restarting iPhoto, maybe? Can't think of what would cause that.
tried restarting and that did not work. the edited photo shows up in the thumbnail but if I try to go full screen or print the original photo comes up.
The same thing of trying to print out the edited photo but getting the original photo instead is happening to me.
What I actually want to do is something like Picassa. Edit a photo and save it at the location viz. folder the photo was originally saved by me. So next time I open the photo from my picture folder in any viewer, I should be able to view the edited photo only. I can't do that with iPhoto. is that option not available or I am missing something.
iPhoto stores everything inside the iPhoto library. Sounds like you just want to edit an image file and save it. A graphics program works great for that (Photoshop, Seashore, SketchBook, etc). If you just need to make some adjustments, then Preview on your Mac works well too.
I am having the same problem with pictures going back to originals.
Try sending to email or for printing and the repaired photos revert back to original. Upgraded system and it still happens.
Do you mean backup? If so, use Time Machine for backing up everything on your hard drive. However, if you mean archive then I would just archive your entire iPhoto library. That way you have the original photo and the edit.
When using the iPhoto editing program how am I able to save the original photo and still have the edited one? Also, what should I know if wanting to send via email pics that have been edited?…..so they can be viewed and printed because some appear to look great after editing then I email them and they are viewed with too much noise? Thank you!
You can edit a photo and it will keep the original (you can revert to it). You can also duplicate any photo if you want both to be present when you browse.
Not sure about your noise problem. Perhaps when you email them you are emailing smaller versions (check that setting when you prepare the email — and it depends on the method you are using to send).
I am new to Mac. After I edit in iPhoto, I want to "save" the edited version. Where is the "save" or "save as" button? When I close after "done", my edited version is gone and I just have the original.
The edits are saved as you go. So there is no "save" action. You just edit and the edits should remain. Not sure why you are not seeing that.


This was the remedy for high latency connections to my ubuntu server. After doing this RTT dropped from average of a good couple hundred ms down to 1 to 2 ms.
So the latency came back a little while later and reappying these commands again might have brough some relief but the latency kept jumping back up. After swapping the network cable things seem to hovering at a brisk 1ms. Lesson learned: It's not always your configuration.
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Tinned Copper Conductor. Silicone Rubber Insulation. 150ºC. 20kV.
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text:
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Burundi Population: 11,844,520
1 VISITOR FROM HERE!
Burundi is a small country in Central-East Africa bordered by Tanzania, Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Lake Tanganyika. Burundi gained its independence from Belgium in 1962 as the Kingdom of Burundi, but the monarchy was overthrown in 1966 and a republic established. Political violence and non-democratic transfers of power have marked much of its history; Burundi's first democratically elected president, a Hutu, was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office. The internationally brokered Arusha Agreement, signed in 2000, and subsequent ceasefire agreements with armed movements ended the 1993-2005 civil war. Burundi's second democratic elections were held in 2005. Pierre NKURUNZIZA was elected president in 2005 and 2010, and again in a controversial election in 2015. Burundi continues to face many economic and political challenges.
Landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile
Location: Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Tanzania
Geographic coordinates: 3 30 S, 30 00 E
Area: total: 27,830 sq km
land: 25,680 sq km
water: 2,150 sq km
Size comparison: slightly smaller than Maryland
Land Boundaries: total: 1,140 km border countries (3): Democratic Republic of the Congo 236 km, Rwanda 315 km, Tanzania 589 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees Celsius but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)
Terrain: hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone
permanent crops: 15.6% (2011 est.) permanent pasture: 18.8% (2011 est.) forest: 6.6% (2011 est.)
Irrigated land: 230 sq km (2012)
Natural hazards: flooding; landslides; drought
Current Environment Issues: soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
International Environment Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Nationality: noun: Burundian(s)
adjective: Burundian
Ethnic groups: Hutu 85%, Tutsi 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Languages: Kirundi 29.7% (official), Kirundi and other language 9.1%, French (official); French and other language 0.3%, Swahili; Swahili and other language 0.2% (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area), English (official); English and other language 0.06%, more than 2 languages 3.7%, unspecified 56.9% (2008 est.) note: data represent language read and written by people 10 years of age or older; spoken Kirundi is nearly universal
Religions: Roman Catholic 62.1%, Protestant 23.9% (includes Adventist 2.3% and other Protestant 21.6%), Muslim 2.5%, other 3.6%, unspecified 7.9% (2008 est.)
Population: 11,844,520 (July 2018 est.) note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
25-54 years: 28.7% (male 1,694,547 /female 1,704,369)
55-64 years: 3.89% (male 218,272 /female 242,855)
65 years and over: 2.69% (male 137,590 /female 180,966) (2018 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 13% of total population (2018)
Major urban areas - population: 899,000 BUJUMBURA (capital) (2018)
15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female
Mother's mean age at first birth: 21.3 years (2010 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-29
Maternal mortality rate: 712 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 28.5% (2016/17)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 78,000 (2017 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 2.9% male: 4.4% female: 2% (2014 est.)
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Burundi
conventional short form: Burundi
local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi
local short form: Burundi
former: Urundi, German East Africa, Ruanda-Urundi, Kingdom of Burundi
etymology: name derived from the pre-colonial Kingdom of Burundi (17th-19th century)
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Gitega (political capital), Bujumbura (commercial capital); note - in January 2019, the Burundian parliament voted to make Gitega the political capital of the country while Bujumbura would remain its economic capital; all branches of the government are expected to have moved from Bujumbura to Gitega by 2021
etymology: the naming origins for both Gitega and Bujumbura are obscure; Bujumbura's name prior to independence in 1962 was Usumbura
Administrative divisions: 18 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rumonge, Rutana, Ruyigi
Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Constitution: history: several previous; latest ratified by referendum 28 February 2005 amendments: proposed by the president of the republic after consultation with the government or by absolute majority support of the membership in both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership and at least four-fifths majority vote by the National Assembly; the president can opt to submit amendment bills to a referendum; constitutional articles including those on national unity, the secularity of Burundi, its democratic form of government, and its sovereignty cannot be amended; amended 2018 (amendments extend the presidential term from 5 to 7 years, reintroduces the position of the prime minister, and reduces the number of vice presidents from 2 to 1) (2019)
Legal system: mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law
Executive branch: chief of state: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Gaston SINDIMWO (since 20 August 2015); Second Vice President Joseph BUTORE (since 20 August 2015); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Gaston SINDIMWO (since 20 August 2015); Second Vice President Joseph BUTORE (since 20 August 2015)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 July 2015 (next to be held in 2020); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by Parliament; note - a 2018 constitutional referendum effective for the 2020 election, increased the presidential term from 5 to 7 years with a 2-consecutive-term limit, reinstated the position of the prime minister position, and reduced the number of vice presidents from 2 to 1
election results: Pierre NKURUNZIZA reelected president; percent of vote - Pierre NKURUNZIZA (CNDD-FDD) 69.4%, Agathon RWASA (Hope of Burundians - Amizerio y'ABARUNDI) 19%, other 11.6%
Legislative branch: description: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of: Senate or Inama Nkenguzamateka (43 seats in the July 2015 election; 36 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of provincial councils using a three-round voting system, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in the first two rounds and simple majority vote for the two leading candidates in the final round; 4 seats reserved for former heads of state, 3 seats reserved for Twas, and 30% of all votes reserved for women; members serve 5-year terms) National Assembly or Inama Nshingamateka (121 seats in the June 2015 election; 100 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 21 co-opted members; 60% of seats allocated to Hutu and 40% to Tutsi; 3 seats reserved for Twas; 30% of total seats reserved for women; members serve 5-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held on 24 July 2015 (next to be held in 2019) National Assembly - last held on 29 June 2015 (next to be held in 2020)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 33, FRODEBU 2, CNDD 1, former heads of state 4, Twas 3, women 8; composition - men 25, women 18, percent of women 41.9%; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 60.3%, Independents of Hope 11.2%, UPRONA 2.5%, other 26%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 77, Independents of Hope 21, UPRONA 2, women 18, Twas 3; composition - men 77, women 44, percent of women 36.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 37.8%
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial Service Commission, a 15-member independent body of judicial and legal profession officials), appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate and serve 6-year nonrenewable terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; County Courts; Courts of Residence; Martial Court; Court Against Corruption; Commercial Court
Political parties and leaders: Front for Democracy in Burundi-Nyakuri or FRODEBU-Nyakuri [Keffa NIBIZI] Front for Democracy in Burundi-Sahwanya or FRODEBU-Sahwanya [Pierre Claver NAHIMANA] National Congress for Liberty or CNL [Agathon RWASA] National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE] National Liberation Forces or FNL [Jacques BIGITIMANA] Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Abel GASHATSI]
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
National symbol(s): lion;
national colors: red, white, green
National anthem: name: "Burundi Bwacu" (Our Beloved Burundi)
lyrics/music: Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO
note: adopted 1962
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Benjamin MANIRAKIZA (since 7 December 2017)
chancery: 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 408, Washington, DC 20007
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jennifer Duval (since May 2019)
embassy: Avenue Des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura BP1720
mailing address: B.P. 1720, Bujumbura
telephone: [257] 22-207-000
FAX: [257] 22-222-926
Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. Agriculture accounts for over 40% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for more than half of foreign exchange earnings, but these earnings are subject to fluctuations in weather and international coffee and tea prices, Burundi is heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors, as well as foreign exchange earnings from participation in the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). Foreign aid represented 48% of Burundi's national income in 2015, one of the highest percentages in Sub-Saharan Africa, but this figure decreased to 33.5% in 2016 due to political turmoil surrounding President NKURUNZIZA's bid for a third term. Burundi joined the East African Community (EAC) in 2009. Burundi faces several underlying weaknesses – low governmental capacity, corruption, a high poverty rate, poor educational levels, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, and overburdened utilities – that have prevented the implementation of planned economic reforms. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept pace with inflation, which reached approximately 18% in 2017. Real GDP growth dropped precipitously following political events in 2015 and has yet to recover to pre-conflict levels. Continued resistance by donors and the international community will restrict Burundi's economic growth as the country deals with a large current account deficit.
GDP (purchasing power parity): $8.007 billion (2017 est.) $8.007 billion (2016 est.) $8.091 billion (2015 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $3.396 billion (2017 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 0% (2017 est.) -1% (2016 est.) -4% (2015 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP): $700 (2017 est.) $800 (2016 est.) $800 (2015 est.)
Gross national saving: -5.3% of GDP (2017 est.) -4.1% of GDP (2016 est.) -6.7% of GDP (2015 est.) GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 83% (2017 est.) government consumption: 20.8% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 16% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 5.5% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -25.3% (2017 est.) GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 39.5% (2017 est.) industry: 16.4% (2017 est.) services: 44.2% (2017 est.)
Agriculture - products: coffee, cotton, tea, corn, beans, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, cassava (manioc, tapioca); beef, milk, hides
Industries: light consumer goods (sugar, shoes, soap, beer); cement, assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing (fruits)
Industrial production growth rate: -2% (2017 est.)
Labor force: 5.012 million (2017 est.)
industry: 2.3%
services: 4.1% (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate: n/a
Population below poverty line: 64.6% (2014 est.)
highest 10%: 28% (2006)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 42.4 (1998)
Budget: revenues: 536.7 million (2017 est.)
expenditures: 729.6 million (2017 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 16.6% (2017 est.) 5.5% (2016 est.)
Current account balance: -$418 million (2017 est.) -$411 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $119 million (2017 est.) $109.7 million (2016 est.)
Exports - commodities: coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides
Exports - partners: Democratic Republic of the Congo 25.5%, Switzerland 18.4%, UAE 14.9%, Belgium 6% (2017)
Imports: $603.8 million (2017 est.) $527.2 million (2016 est.)
Imports - commodities: capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs
Imports - partners: India 18.5%, China 13%, Kenya 7.9%, UAE 6.8%, Saudi Arabia 6.8%, Uganda 6%, Tanzania 5.4%, Zambia 4.6% (2017)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $97.4 million (31 December 2017 est.) $95.17 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $610.9 million (31 December 2017 est.) $622.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares: n/a
Exchange rates: Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - 1,731 (2017 est.) 1,654.63 (2016 est.) 1,654.63 (2015 est.) 1,571.9 (2014 est.) 1,546.7 (2013 est.)
Electricity - production: 304 million kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 382.7 million kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - imports: 100 million kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity: 68,000 kW (2016 est.)
Electricity - from other renewable sources: 14% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Crude oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Crude oil - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil - proved reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption: 1,500 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 1,374 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas - production: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy: 217,000 Mt (2017 est.)
Cellular Phones in use: total subscriptions: 5,920,612
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 52 (2017 est.)
Telephone system: general assessment: with the great population density Burundi remains one of the most alluring telecom markets in Africa for investors; the government in early 2018 began the Burundi Broadband project, which plans to deliver nationwide connectivity by 2025; mobile operators have launched 3G and LTE mobile services to capitalize on the expanding demand for Internet access (2018)
domestic: telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is approaching 52 per 100 persons (2018)
international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); the government, supported by the Word Bank, has backed a joint venture with a number of prominent telcoms to build a national fiber backbone network, offering onward connectivity to submarine cable infrastructure landings in Kenya and Tanzania
Broadcast media: state-controlled Radio Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates a TV station and a national radio network; 3 private TV stations and about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2019)
Internet country code: .bi
Internet users: total: 574,236
percent of population: 5.2% (July 2016 est.)
Airports: 7 (2013)
Airports (paved runways): total 1
(2017) over 3,047 m: 1 (2017)
Roadways: total 12,322 km
(2016) paved: 1,500 km (2016)
Waterways: (mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2011)
Ports and terminals: lake port(s): Bujumbura (Lake Tanganyika)
Military branches: National Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes maritime wing, air wing), National Police (Police Nationale du Burundi) (2017)
Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government claimed that no one younger than 18 was being recruited; mandatory retirement ages: 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), 55 (officers), and 60 (officers with the rank of general) (2017)
Disputes - International: Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 77,385 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2019) IDPs: 113,067 (some ethnic Tutsis remain displaced from intercommunal violence that broke out after the 1,993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; violence since April 2015) (2019)
stateless persons: 974 (2018)
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East of Eden tells the story of Adam Trask who comes to live in Salinas Valley, California with his wife Cathy Trask. Adam's dreams are shattered when he and his newborn twins are abandoned by the love of his life. The story follows Adam's journey in life from his childhood to his death bed while showing the transformation in his character. In parallel, runs the story of the Hamilton family residing in a barren land in Salinas Valley and the role it plays in Adam's life.
The story is spread across a vast timeline to cover the lifetimes of two generations. It is primarily set in the Salinas Valley been beautifully and vividly described by the author. The flashback is set in Connecticut in which Adam's childhood is spent. The times described in the novel range from mid 19 century, before the American Civil War, to the First World War.
East of Eden is a third-person narrative in which the author is the narrator. The author also plays a small character in the story but doesn't influence the story. The narration is extremely detailed and many times the author digresses from the central characters of the novel to narrate the lives of the supporting characters. The characterization is superb and shines out in the characters of Adam and Cathy. Allegories have been used throughout the novel. Adam and Charles and Caleb and Aron symbolize Cain and Able. Adam and Cathy symbolize Adam and Eve. A philosophical mood prevails throughout the novel as if the author wanted the readers to contemplate on various subjects.
East of Eden is a novel to be savored. It has so much to offer that one cannot absorb all of it in one read. It is a novel to be read and reread and each time it will offer you something extra. I personally found the discussions around the Bible very interesting and enlightening. It made we wonder that the human race has descended from Cain who represents the evil. Abel never lived to raise a family. Could this be the reason that we all have an evil streak in us? You see this is what the novel does to a reader. On the flip-side, the novel demands your patience because it's too lengthy and detailed. I found the chapters on the Hamilton family too elaborate and unnecessary. However, the story of the central characters is so interesting and emotional that I stayed interested because I really wanted to know how the author treats them in the end. This Nobel Prize winner is a treat for literature lovers as it offers a lot for study and analysis.


Destin House Rental: Brand New 8b/7b, Luxury Beach Home, Private Pool, Free Golf Cart!
Brand New 8b/7b, Luxury Beach Home, Private Pool, Free Golf Cart!
11x22 Private Salt Water Pool with a 6x6 tanning shelf / kids area! 2 hammocks.
This new 8 bedroom, 7 bath home is only 10 houses away from the beach, (less than 1 block). It sleeps up to 28 people. It has a large private pool that is able to be heated in the winter months for an extra charge. It includes a complimentary 6-seater golf cart in the summer weeks, when available. It is 1 mile away from tons of shopping, restaurants, a gas station, and a Publix grocery store. It is a large, open concept home with large balconies, large porches, and parking for 7-8 cars. The interior of the home has high 10 ft ceilings and vinyl plank flooring throughout the entire 1st floor. All the bedrooms have HD Google Chrome Casts so you can stream all your own Netflix, YouTube, etc. directly onto the tv from your cell phone. Living room also has a Google Chromecast and a blu ray/DVD player. Cable in all the rooms. There is a washer & dryer in the home. All the linens are included, such as towels, hand towels, washcloths, and sheets. Kitchen is fully-stocked.
This is a new, 8 bedroom, 7 bathroom private home.
Kitchen: This contemporary kitchen is bright and open. It features light grey cabinets, sleek stainless-steel appliances, and quartz countertops. It is fully equipped with dishes, utensils, 2 toasters, a blender, griddle, crockpot, Keurig, baking supplies and more. It has a 12-foot bar that seats 8.
Dining Room: Directly across from the kitchen, this spacious dining area is connected to the 12-foot kitchen bar. It has a large table that seats another 12, so everyone can sit together and enjoy their meal.
Living Room: This large living room has three full-sized couches to relax on while watching a 55-inch HD flat screen tv.
Half Bath: The half bath is located down a short hall immediately to the right when you enter the home.
Laundry Room: A washer and dryer is included, and it located at the front of the home next to the half bath.
First Bedroom: Walk in the front door and take your first left to find bedroom number 1. It includes a king-sized bed, flat screen tv, and its own private bathroom. This bathroom has a stand-up shower stall.
Second Bedroom: Bedroom number 2 is located off of the living room. It includes a king-sized bed, flat screen tv, and a private bathroom. This bathroom has a shower/tub combination stall.
Third Bedroom: Everyone will be jealous of bedroom number 3! It's quite large and includes a king-sized bed, flat screen tv, a private bathroom, and french doors that open directly to the backyard and pool! This bathroom includes a stand-up shower stall.
Fourth Bedroom: To find bedroom number 4, you must go up the stairs to the second level of the home. Once you reach the top of the stairs, you will take a left. This bedroom includes a king-sized bed, flat screen tv, and private bathroom. This bathroom includes a stand-up shower stall.
Fifth Bedroom/ Upstairs Living Room: If you begin again from the top of the stairs, you will take a left, and then go straight to find bedroom number 5. This room doubles as a bedroom and a secondary living room. It includes a full-over-full bunk bed, a flat screen tv, a full-sized couch and a loveseat. As if that wasn't enough, it also has its own access to the large covered balcony off of the back of the home! This balcony includes a table and 6 chairs. Play a board game while you watch the rest of the family in the backyard.
Sixth Bedroom: Straight across from the staircase is what's known as the "kid zone"! This bedroom includes TWO full-over-full bunk beds, as well as a flat screen tv. It has access to the jack-n-Jill bathroom that is shared with room number 7. This bathroom includes two vanities and a shower/tub combination stall.
Seventh Bedroom: Take a right at the top of the stairs. You'll find yourself in the front corner of the home in bedroom number 7. It includes a king-sized bed, flat screen tv, access to the jack-n-Jill bathroom, as well as access to the balcony that stretches the front of the home.
Eighth Bedroom: Take a right at the top of the stairs and continue straight to find room number 8. This bedroom is slightly larger if you have a pack-n-play or something, and includes a king-sized bed, flat screen tv, its own private bathroom, And access to the front balcony. This bathroom includes a stand up shower stall.
Backyard: After you've been at the beach all day and shopped all the outlet malls, you can come home and relax in this oasis of a backyard. There are plenty of lounge chairs for everyone, as well as a table with 6 chairs underneath of the covered patio. There is also a picnic table in the yard. A grill and propane is provided. It has a large 12×22 rectangle private saltwater pool, with a 6×6 tanning shelf / kiddie pool and umbrella attached! Only 6 inches deep. The backyard has 2 hammocks. And is filled with plenty of tropical plants and palm trees.
Rates include 16 guests, July 4th rate includes 20.
We loved the blue coconut! It was the perfect size for our family and great with the kids! I have twins and this was their first time to the beach they were just under a year and hated the beach. The pool was perfect since they could crawl around in one area and be able to play on their own! The Martin's were super friendly and helpful during our stay! We sadly had to leave early due to Hurricane Micheal coming in. While it didn't touch the area we had too many little ones to stay. But the Martin's were extremely helpful when it came to us making our decision. They reassured us if we stayed the house would protect us from the harsh winds but understood if we decided to head out. Which once it turned to hurricane 3 we did! We hope to rent the house again this coming 2019 year! We enjoyed it so much it honestly didn't feel like we were staying in a strangers house. It was a great distance from the beach and the golf cart was a great addition! It was a very homey, comfortable environment and we can't wait to hopefully return to this house or another one of the Martin's rentals!
This is our families fourth year enjoying our family vacation in Ryan's beautiful vacation rental. We continue to use this rental property because of the excellent customer service Ryan provides. The home is clean, so very spacious, and a vacation all in its self! The people in our party ranged in ages from 8 months to 75 years old. The home worked so well for all of us! So much space for all ages to spread out and relax, just like vacation should be! The private pool and big patio provide additional space for unwinding and relaxing after the day at the beach. The home is super close to the beach and located in a safe area. Our teens walked daily to the beach and the young adults in our group enjoyed the large gulf cart to cruise around town. We don't have enough positive things to say about our stay and experience with The Destin Beach House! We are already booking for next years trip! If you are looking, for a clean, safe, spacious, comfortable home to vacation in you have to check out Ryan's vacation rentals!
Ryan was so kind to accommodate my sorority sisters and I. This house was perfect for an all girls getaway for a whole week to take a break from our busy college lives. Ryan was always glad to help us with anything we needed. Would definitely book with him again.
Had a great spring break thanks to Ryan. Beds were very comfortable and the beach was a 3 minute walk down the street. I would definitely consider staying with Ryan again.