So Christmas is around the corner! We already have family arriving and I'm so tired!
I like to say "Less Is More" but that just doesn't apply at the holidays. It's more like what my girlfriend MJ, likes to say, "More Is More!" And I'm all on board!
But as I settle in for the night, I try to find my quiet time to reflect for a brief moment on the meaning of the holiday. Even if your not religious its important to just reflect on what really matters in life.
May all of you wishes be for others.
May your days be full of good health.
May someday your children grow up to fight the good fight.
And give you many grandbabies to spoil.
May the meaning of Christmas continue in you.
May you wish Grace upon those you might not want to.
And may God look upon you with many blessing.
May you show those who are love ones what they mean to you.
May your days be long and prosperous.
Christmas is a holiday about people.
All people, close and far.
May you remember to be good to others and wish them the same wish I wish for you, for someday those lives you have touched will reflect a small piece of you.
Hi guys! Welcome to our Home!
So I have this great idea to make a red and blue dinning room for Christmas but I wasn't excited about anything I found. And my blue wasn't an easy blue to find. I had almost given up until I found IT! You know, the piece that inspires everything you do around it. And of course, I found it at HomeGoods. I found these adorable hand painted red and white plaid ornaments made in Holland.
My next score was the blue ornaments with the silver glitter. They were just gorgeous. So I bought all that I could find in hopes it would be enough to decorated an entire dining room. I think it turned out pretty good! And it was so much fun. The colors really made me think outside the box. I found some lovely silver and red ornaments at Tuesday Morning that I threw in with the mix.
I also found these cute snowflake ornaments at Michael's and just cut the string and tied them on.
I really love how they look. They just add another dimension to the look. Elegant with rustic.
Here is our big blue painting in the background. You might recognize it from our Thanksgiving photos. I love my painting but as you can see its quite large. So I usually try to tie it in someway with my decorations. Also, in this photo you can see that my Homegoods blue sparkle table cloth is just folded in half. I was wanting a large square tablecloth to layer with my red but I couldn't find the right size. I was planning to cut and sew it but alas, too much to do!!!
Mix more expensive items with less expensive items. Not everything has to cost a fortune.
Don't think you have to get everything at once. If I find something I love I buy it knowing I will collect other pieces to go with it in the coming years.
Layer, Layer, Layer. I feel like you need three main layers minimum.
I still believe in the real candles for the dining room table. I use good artificial candles elsewhere.
Monogram napkins are one of my favorite ways to make my decor look rich and expensive. I definitely think they are worth the investment.
Real florals and greenery are the way to go most of the time but that can get costly or you just might not have the time to tend to them. By buying good artificial greenery it lasts year after year.
I almost never use china. I prefer to mix and mingle my good stuff with more casual stuff. I think this makes for a more welcoming setting. I don't want guest to sit down and be afraid to touch anything. Here I use my good silver and crystal glasses with these cute silver snowflake plates i found years ago at Marshalls and these red chargers from Michaels. The place mats are from Dillards. I found them on clearance for 2.50 a piece. Score!
Did you notice my tree centerpiece in front of the mirror. I could have easily gone with the traditional wreath over the mirror and a floral centerpiece, however, by using the tree it catches the eye because it is cute for one thing, but its unexpected! It totally makes people take a double take and say wow! I never would have thought of that!
So for my little tree I was pretty much out of ornaments so I went on the hunt again. I found the perfect ornaments to compliment our blue and red Christmas theme. I found these cute vintage stripe ornaments at Michael's! I found a few other ornaments here and there and tied them on with a cute blue bow. I love how this turned out.
I had some of the ornaments left over so I decide that they would be perfect as place card holders. But I needed a quick and easy solution . So all I did was glue plastic rings (you can find them in the sewing department) on the bottom for the base. Then, because I was running out of time I ditched all the complicated ideas floating around in my head for double side tape. I thought, why does this need to be complicated?!? I just bought name cards, and used double stick tape inside and secured the card on the ornament hook. Ridiculously easy! This is a super easy way to turn any ornament into a name place holder.
So I'm keeping it short this time because I know everyone is in the Holiday rush. So I hope you found some ideas that will come in useful. And if you enjoyed this post I would love to hear your comments or any question you have at the bottom of this article. And if you would like to read more of my post just subscribe by adding your email in the black box on the right side of the screen. You can even follow me on Instagram, Pintrest. and Bloglovin.
I'm so excited when I can share a quick and easy idea! And it doesn't get any quicker than this centerpiece. What I really love is how I can customize it to any color scheme.
I found the glitzy deer at Michaels last year. You can get it this year here. I decided he would look great on one of the shelves on my new bookcase. Last year I used it as the centerpiece on my breakfast table. It's so versatile it will go just about anywhere!
If you don't have a dough bowl you can find one at Ballard's Designs here. They are a little price but I promise they are a work horse. I use mine all year round. I also found a more budget friendly one on Houzz here. And if all else fails, shop around your kitchen. I bet you can find something that will work just as well!
You can't get this wrong! And when Christmas is over I just store all of the ornaments together in a labeled box so I don't even have to think about it the next year. I just place the deer in and pour ornaments around it. No fuss, no muss, no bother. Christmas just the way I like it!
Do you have any easy centerpieces you love? I'd love to here you ideas ! Please leave a comment below and don't forget to follow me on Instagram, Pinterest and Bloglovin!
Check out this cute purse I found for $7 at Target! I wasn't able to find a link online but I found it at the front with the dollar items. I thought,,, wouldn't that look adorable with a white snowflake on it?
Pier 1 has these here for...wait for it...$2.37 each. SCORE.
And since I was currently not loving my purse at the moment a snowflake purse for about $13 dollars sounded perfect.
And because I'm lazy, I just hot glued the place mat on! I'm sure someone who is more experience than I would use fabric glue.
I think it turned out really cute. What do you think? Not bad for a 10 minute project!
I was inspired by these whites and silvers. How beautiful is heather grey with white and silver?
I could do my whole house in this color scheme.
Since I made this purse last week I've received so many compliments! It's a big hit! Don't you love it when something inexpensive is better than anything else out there.
I'd love to hear your ideas and comments. And please remember to subscribe by adding your email in the column to the right. Also, I'm on Instagram, bloglovin and Pintrest!
So Today I went to my favorite Marshall's in Houston on West Grey. I thought I would give you some ideas of what that have for Christmas today!
This is one of those great motorized cars! They had a couple or more. Boy and girl. Neat, I want one!
So these are super nice and wonderful gifts for that man in your life! Or a family game room. Or that client you want to impress. They are collectors items so they are much nicer than the regular game. These photos don't do them justice! They are wood with storage drawers and some of them rotate. Very nice. They are more 3-D than the regular board games.
And, of course, the Christmas tree dress that is so popular right now. If you are looking for regular artificial trees they have some of those as well.
Farmhouse is so big right now and I just couldn't pass up these old-fashion spools that have twine and ribbon on them. They are just beautiful in there own right! They have plenty of these. They are so pretty I don't know if I could actually bring myself to use the ribbon. Traditional colors only.
And Coffee table books! I bought two for myself today! I can never have enough books. I think when you are making a home it should reflect who you are as a person/family. Coffee table books are a great way to do that. I have lots of interior design books, fashion/style books, and ancient history books around my house. They are all topics of interest for me and tell a person what I like with out a word!
Happy Holidays! I hope everyone had a wonderful Thanksgiving. I'm assuming that everyone, like me, is already into the Christmas craze! I've been under the weather so my house is not coming along as quickly as I would like but I still have plenty of inspiration for you!
Who doesn't love a PVC pipe tree! Leave it to Martha Stewart to make PVC adorable!
Upside down tree? Did I miss something? I think I missed the memo that this year we were hanging the tree from the ceiling. Well apparently, it's a very old tradition in Europe. Check out the interesting article I found here.
So I have a confession, I act all sophisticated and grown up but deep down I'm still such a kid at heart. This might be my favorite Christmas tree EVER!
Can I just say my Christmas in the country was never this cute! I love the blue and red. Even blue pine cones!
In Houston, Texas this is the closest we get to making a snowman!
I thew this one in for fun. I'm pretty sure my husband has enough ties in the closet that I could easily do this!!!
If you have a small space think UP, try fish line to make your tree come down from the chandelier or make use of your wall space!
Think in non-traditional colors. Maybe work with the color palette that you already have in your home. If you can't find ornaments that are the right color you can make them. The craft stores have clear ornaments that you can pour paint into. The options are limitless!
Think of items that you have a collection of. Are they stackable? Will they hang on a wall?
Do you love books? Have book shelves? Create a tree out of arranging books on your shelves. You can even cover them in wrapping paper to add a bit of color or keep them neutral for a more natural palette.
When you go run errands for the day, keep your eye out for anything that looks like it would work for your decor. Often times I stay away from the Christmas isles. It helps clear your mind. Walk through the hardware store and think Christmas Tree! Sometimes we have to force ourselves to see things in a different light. What about using cute drawer pulls to be the ornaments on a cut-out wood tree?
What about a Christmas tree outside? Who says it needs to be inside?
Don't get me wrong, I love the traditional red and green Christmas. But sometimes I just want a bit of a change. I personally love pink! So I've found a way to mix all of my traditional colors red and mix in a little of the fun colors too. Check back in a couple of days to see my favorite Christmas Tree!
I have a wonderful friend, MJ, who loves decor and entertaining as much as I do! Last week I was excited to be invited over for Friendsgiving. I love going over to her home. It's like a little French boutique. Every time I go over to her house I always find something new. I just couldn't wait to see what she had done for this special night! I wanted to share with you some of her beautiful decor.
I am so envious that she just found this beautiful pheasant at a local antique store. Isn't this bird spectacular? I mean how lucky was she to find this peace? Anyway, MJ, added a few sprigs of seeded eucalyptus and some dusty miller and it's absolutely gorgeous.
Another centerpiece I'm lusting over! MJ usually keeps real stag horns in a beautiful bowl on her coffee table. Here she has simply layered them with the same eucalyptus and dust miller. When I asked her where I could find some she replied that they were found at her ranch.
At a small round table where you might not have room to place the silverware, stick them in a mason jar that matches the water glasses. The picture of casual elegance.
Don't you just love how simple but elegant this table is? She makes it look so easy! I love how she alternates the napkins. With larger parties you might not have the enough matching place settings but MJ shows you how to make it work! I love it. I think it adds more visual interest. And the cute chargers? I think they have them at Michael's! Linen tablecloths were found at Marshalls. Beautiful napkin rings are Juliska.
I think my favorite aspect of MJ sense of style is her ability to mix expensive pieces with less expensive pieces so you don't have to break the bank to entertain. With beautiful crystal goblets next to quaint mason jars it look fantastic. And the inexpensive chargers look great next to the fine linen napkins with Juliska napkin rings.
Gosh, Thanksgiving is almost here! And I'm busy working on Christmas! Being new to the blogging community I haven't quite figured out how they do it all. It's not even Thanksgiving but everyone is already posting their Christmas homes decorated to the nines! I just feel like I'm running so far behind! Even when I went to the craft store the Christmas florals and ribbon were slim pickings! Well, I say its never too late for more inspiration!
I usually have a large tray on my kitchen island with lots of goodies on it. But today is such a beautiful day I had to take it outside.
For fall, I picked up a tray at HomeGoods for about sixteen bucks. (If you have priced large trays you will know that's a pretty good deal.) And, of course, the cute fall plates and the wheat stack are from HomeGoods too. (Because, really, who can go in that place without at least skimming every decor isle! Seriously, I need an intervention! They should have a warning like...If you have a problem with HomeGoods shopping and can't leave the store until you are running late to pick up your kids please call our 1-800-649-STOP number for help) Sorry, got a little carried away there...back to the vignette.
You can't really tell from the photo but the bottom of the tray isn't very nice so I've used preserved oak leaves to disguise it while adding another layer to the design. You can use a cute cloth napkin to drape over the bottom of a tray too. I've stacked my bisscotti and mug on an acacia salt cellar. You can find one here.
If you like this tray vignette and would like more ideas I suggest checking out Yvonne at StoneGable. See her fall kitchen vignette here. I learned so much from her blog!
In my mind, no tray can be created without some fresh flowers on it. As for which flowers to use? Well, I can use tulips for any season! They are so beautiful and come in so many colors. I just added a cute little daisy filler (sorry, don't remember the name) and my amazing floral piece was done.
Tip: Tulips can open fairly quickly when they are warm. In Houston it's always warm! When I have company coming, I buy mine when I go to the grocery store and stick them in a short round vase that fits into the refrigerator nicely. When I'm ready for them to bloom (when company is coming over) I take them out of the fridge a day or two before. I've also been known to put them back in the fridge overnight and set them out again in the morning. You will be surprised at home much longer they will last!
Next time you buy tulips try it!
I found this cute little farmhouse vase at Hobby Lobby. Remember the chrysanthemum arrangement I made here? Well, I just went and cut off a piece from the back of the plant and there you go... Lovely.


4) Ribbed Baby Bonnet – from Tangled Happy, a sweet knit look crochet bonnet pattern for the modern baby that is vintage at heart. Keep this design simple for baby boys, or pair this bonnet with a fabric or crochet flower to create a sweet and simple bonnet that's perfect for baby girls.
11/03/2013 · I picked up crochet to make Penny a sweater, and I've continued because I find it relaxing. The problem is, I'm not really a huge fan of the look of crochet.
Watch this crochet video tutorial to learn how to make this Pixie Puff Baby Bonnet. This crocheted baby bonnet is sized to fit a 3-6 month old baby; however, during the video Nadia explains how to make the bonnet in other sizes simply by changing the dimensions of the crocheted shape.
Crochet adorable Baby Bonnets with these easy to follow Free Crochet Patterns. Bonnets are back in fashion with a bang after Prince George and then his little sister Charlotte were announced to the world wearing beautiful bonnets.


The Central University of Rajasthan has been established by an Act of Parliament (Act No. 25 of 2009, The Gazette of India, No. 27, published on 20th March, 2009 as a new Central University, and is fully funded by the Government of India. The state government has allocated 518+ Acres of land for the permanent site of the Central University at Bandra Sindri near Kishangarh on Jaipur – Ajmer Road (NH-8).
Excellent Infrastructure with Minimal Fee Structure.
The university has students from both India and all over the world also. Presently having students from over 20 states of India, central university rajasthan also has international students mainly from the Middle East and South Asia. On campus, the student population has reached around 650 and it is expected to peak to around 5000 in near future.
Other than academics, nimber of societies and clubs exist for students like the student-run media group called Astitva, the Film Club, the photography club known as the Lenswala and the Economics Society of CURAJ. The annual cultural fest is known as Marukriti. The Economania, Math Earth and Myriad Hues are the annual fests of the respective department and student societies of the university. The university's students also participate in regional and national level inter-university fests and competitions like the Association of Indian Universities annual fest known as UNIFEST.
sir,maine aapki univercity se DECED me diploma course kiya he .lekin uska abhi tk result nhi aaya 2years hone ko aaye .please result kb declear kroge.
can i migrate into curaj from any college of rajasthan university . i am a student of B.Sc 1 year.
sir plz tell me why my graduation column marks remain unfilled even I've uploaded my b.sc 1,2 marksheet and my 3 year result is still awaited..
me too want the ans of zeenat's que bcz my graduation percentage column is filled with zero marks too..
one more que if a person is applied for one course nd gave xam for particular one course too then how can he or she get selection in two. courses?
someone got 97% and some got 6.78% in graduation it is also not possible sir.
sir my b.sc 3rd year marksheet is still awaited bt i uploaded my b.sc 1,2 year marks on your website. on 19 june bt my percentage in graduation column is fillws up with 0 marks why?
know sesion2015-16 admissions counseling date.
My yonger brother have complete 12 th from science bio. Background..


text:
Q: Permutation Group topology I have a set of objects $[x_1;x_2;\dots;x_n]$ and a permutation group $\pi$ that changes the position of these objects; this group can be represented as a matrix where only one nonvanishing entry (equal to 1) is located at each row (or column). Now I want to consider the case $n \mapsto \infty$. The group $\pi$ will be infinite-dimensional in this case and I want to promote this group to a Lie group. I can do this by defining a Lie algebra
$T_aT_b-T_bT_a = \sum_{d} c_{abd}T_d$
where I choose the generators $T_a$ to be transposition matrices that exchange only two points. The permutation group defined above will only be recovered if
$\pi = exp(\sum_d a_dT_d)$
with parameters $a_d$ satisfy certain conditions. This will create a special Lie group topology and makes this permutation group completely different from wellknown Lie groups like $SU(2)$. Which topological invariants I can compute?
I have heard that this group will be a discontinuous group. When I consider the principal bundle $E$ with base space $B$ and a fiber $F$ equipped with group actions of $\pi$ this fiber bundle will be not smooth, right?
Therefore the curvature form $\Omega$ may be not defined in some regions. But is it possible to compute something like the Pontryagin class $p=\int tr (\Omega \wedge \Omega)$?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: What happens when you mv a folder that a docker container volume is using? Say I run a container like so:
docker run -v /host/folder:/data some-image

if we run mv /host/folder /host/folder2, I am sure bad stuff will happen, and the only solution is to stop the container and restart it?

A: Docker uses bind mounts a la mount --bind to make volumes available.
Bind mounts behave a lot like hard links. If you hard link foo to bar with ln foo bar, you can rename or remove foo and it won't affect bar because both files point to the same inode. Similarly, if you bind foo to bar with mount --bind foo bar, moving or removing foo/ won't affect bar/.
Let's take a look with two test directories foo and bar:
$ mkdir foo bar
$ touch foo/FOO bar/BAR
$ ls foo/
FOO
$ ls bar/
BAR

If we mount foo on top of bar and then rename foo, bar is unaffected:
$ sudo mount --bind foo bar
$ ls bar/
FOO
$ mv foo foo.renamed
$ ls bar/
FOO


Today my package from Zappos arrived with all my nail polishes I purchased with a gift card I got for Christmas. My wish to fill up my nail polish storage came true and I can't wait to try them all. Drool!
Bangle Jangle, Mink Muffs, Au Natural, Chinchilly, Fiji, Chubby Cheeks, Mint Candy Apple, Lapis of Luxury, Going Incognito, and School of Hard Rocks.


Fancy an artisan bar from a Chelsea chocolatier? Rococo Chocolates, located in Kings Road in Chelsea, tempt with a colourful shop window and delicious, carefully prepared chocolate. If you've never tried a basil-Persian lime combo with chocolate, or cardamom-spiced white chocolate, it might be the time to experiment. Get yourself a bar and make it last longer – isn't trying anything new better than binging on something that you already know?
Celebrity chocolatier opened a few chocolate shops around London – in Wardour Street in Soho as well as in Islington and Bank. It is often labelled as London's best chocolate – although a little bit more expensive, the same rule applies: treat yourself just to taste it and make it last longer. You can also pop into one of the events to step up your game and learn a few tricks about making sweet treats.
I remember when my French teacher, speaking about the Francophone countries, was once trying to persuade us that the Belgians are amazing at comics and chocolate. And, instead of typically pursuing our specific relationship, I should have probably admitted she was right. If you want to try delicious Belgian chocolate without leaving London, you can do it on the way to Richmond. All of them are gluten-free – and some of them even sugar-free to let people with special dietary requirements enjoy their sweet treats.
Calling themselves artists of chocolate and being one of the precursors of salted caramel, Artisan du Chocolat certainly have a few things to boast about. They've got a selection of sugar-free and vegan chocolates, and also make chocolates using buffalo and almond milk to satisfy even the most picky chocolate lover. Their salted caramels even became immortalised in "The Apologist", a novel by food critic Jay Rayner – isn't that enough to call them iconic already?
There are a few nice places in Chiswick to try delicious chocolate, but I'll stand by Belgian pralines again (etes vous contents, proffeseur A.?) and pick L'appetit Fou. Although they don't make chocolates like the shops described above, they import the finest of Belgian treats, offering rhubarb chocolate, or traditional specialities that are difficult to find anywhere else.


The Guy From Pittsburgh ( tm ) Paranormal Discussion & News Forum » The Man From U.N.C.L.E. was THE show to watch in 1960's.
» The Man From U.N.C.L.E. was THE show to watch in 1960's.
The Man From U.N.C.L.E. was THE show to watch in 1960's.
Forget the deeply flawed new U.N.C.L.E. movie. For the first two seasons, U.N.C.L.E. ruled the airwaves.
Who did the first drone ? Not Area 51 Drone, but U.N.C.L.E.
U.N.C.L.E. had a black agent, maybe even before I Spy.


text:
il rose ryal è stata una moneta inglese d'oro emessa durante il regno di Giacomo I assieme allo spur ryal dal 1605.

Storia
Il valore della moneta era di 30 scellini e quindi il doppio del ryal coniato dai suoi predecessori.

La prima emissione del ryal ha gli stessi tipi della sovrana di Elisabetta I.

Il rose ryal ha questo nome per la grande doppia rosa che è rappresentata al rovescio

La moneta fu introdotta nella seconda monetazione di Giacomo I (1604-1619).

Al dritto è raffigurato il re coronato, con la barba, in un trono ornato da colonne. Nella mano destra tiene lo scettro e con la sinistra il globo con la croce sopra. Ai suoi piedi è disegnata una saracinesca. Intorno la legenda IACOBUS DG MAG BRIT FRAN ET HIBER REX .

Al rovescio è rappresentata la doppia rosa con sopra le armi reale ed intorno la legenda A. DNO FACTUM EST ISTUD ET EST MIRAB IN OCULIS NRIS.

Durante la terza monetazione di Giacomo  (1619-1625) fu coniato un rose ryal di nuovo stile.

Al dritto il re è raffigurato con le insegne dell'Ordine della Giarrettiera, sempre con scettro e globo ma su un trono completamente nuovo. Ai piedi c'è ancora la saracinesca e il testo circolare della legenda è quello precedente IACOBUS DG MA BRI FR ET HI REX

Il rovescio è completamente diverso: una sottile croce fiorita si trova sopra un grande scudo con le armi d'Inghilterra/Francia, di Scozia e Irlanda circondata da due contorni puntinati. Tra i contorni, in ogni quarto della croce sono raffigurati il giglio di Francia il leopardo inglese ed il cardo di Scozia. La legenda intorno è uguale: A. DNO FACTUM EST ISTUD ET EST MIRAB IN OCULIS NRIS.

Sopra lo scudo, in alto, è indicato il valore di trenta scellini con il numero in cifre romane "XXX"

Questa seconda emissione, di minor peso, era resa necessaria per le variazioni del valore dell'oro che erano avvenute in Europa. Accanto al nuovo rose ryal furono coniate nuove monete per lo spur ryal, l'angel, il laurel.

Dopo Giacomo I questa moneta non fu più coniata.

Note

Bibliografia

Monete d'oro
Monetazione inglese
Monetazione britannica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Give your accessories a Scandinavian overhaul with these Rains cases. Crafted in a monochrome palette, this Danish brand's designs are made to be water-resistant so you don't need to worry about the weather. Look out for laptop cases in streamlined designs, matte finishes and with embossed logos. Made with plenty of practical pockets, carry these Rain cases to add a polished finish to your favourite work staples.


Show your pride with this Sublimated Series colored enameled US Navy tie bar.
The large 7/8-inch die struck, two piece construction features a sandblast polish finish with silver tone (rhodium) plate on the Navy emblem. The silver tone (rhodium) plate deluxe spring tension tie bar secures the clip in place.
This product is an officially licensed product of the Department of the Navy.


Real Madrid C.F. is classed as one of the world's best, and richest football clubs. The club is the most valued sport teams in the world and is worth $3.5billion. Real Madrid has an outstanding reputation around the world, and have never been relegated from the Top Division, this is due to a variety of factors however throughout their history they have always been able to attract the best players of their respective generations. Past members of the squad have included Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás and the Brazilian Ronaldo. The current Galácticos include Cristiano Ronaldo and Gareth Bale among others. There is always great speculation surrounding on who will next join their stellar squad and online betting firms even offer markets for who's going to join including the manager season upon season.


text:
A Turning Point
for Climate Change
Learn About Our Mission
The Time has Come for Direct Air Capture
Multiple projections have been conducted by governments, coalitions and international panels which all state the same thing: We must act now to avoid a 1.5°C or greater rise in global temperatures—a climate change scenario that could endanger both the planet and the lives of future generations.
Recent scientific research has indicated that to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C, global emissions need to reach net-zero by 2050. Even with aggressive emissions reduction, the IPCC and other scientific bodies have concluded that up to 20 Gigatons—that's 20 billion tons—of CO2 will have to be actively removed from the atmosphere annually by mid-century to meet the 1.5°C target.
Fortunately, a key technology has emerged to help us reduce both future emissions and existing atmospheric CO2: Direct Air Capture (DAC). That's where 1PointFive comes in. We are taking action by leading the effort for industrial-scale commercialization of DAC in the United States by partnering with the global DAC technology leader, Carbon Engineering.
More about 1PointFive
Pulling CO2 Directly From the Atmosphere
Read about DAC
With the advent of DAC technology, we can decouple carbon capture from the point of emission by pulling CO2 directly from the atmosphere. This critical step forward provides a way to remove CO2 that is currently in the atmosphere, including historical emissions and address emissions from hard-to-decarbonize industries such as long-haul trucking, maritime and aviation.
DAC can remove the excess CO2 in the atmosphere from past emissions.
A single 1 million ton-per-year DAC facility
can do the work of 40 million trees.
Our vision is to deliver Carbon Engineering's Direct Air Capture technology on an industrial scale throughout the United States.
With Direct Air Capture, we can
go beyond net-zero emissions to achieve net-negative emissions.
We can achieve net-zero emissions because DAC can balance emissions from hard-to-decarbonize industries.
We can achieve net-negative emissions because as we dramatically reduce emissions and increase DAC capacity, eventually we can remove more CO2 from the atmosphere than we emit.
Captured CO2 can be used to produce carbon-neutral fuels, chemicals and materials, further helping to eliminate emissions and stabilize our climate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Lawsuit Alleges PFAS Were in Paper Manufacturing Process
Sara E. Teller — January 3, 2023
Photo by Tara Winstead from Pexels
Toxic sludges released contaminants into the air, suit says.
The Attorney General's Office, led by Attorney General Dana Nessel, has filed a lawsuit against Domtar Industries, a former Port Huron, Michigan, paper manufacturer. The lawsuit specifically targets per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) released from Domtar's manufacturing processes, as well as the company's paper sludges.
Domtar Industries is an international paper manufacturer with a mill at in Port Huron that has been in operation in various forms for over a century. Paper Excellence purchased the company in November 2021 and has since operated it as a subsidiary. The company runs mills in several states and in Canada.
The toxic sludges in question were delivered to Techni-Comp, a composting facility in Kimball Township, St. Clair County, where PFAS levels in groundwater and surface water exceeded state standards. The paper sludges had high levels of PFAS but were labeled "inert."
PFAS, or polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a type of synthetic lubricant that is efficient and convenient for use in paper-making processes. These substances are applied to paper as a coating during the manufacturing process to improve the desired characteristics of the paper. They reduce friction, increase strength and performance, and are resistant to water and grease. Furthermore, PFAS are used to manipulate the properties of paper, such as recyclability and biodegradability, making them an important part of the papermaking process.
However, there are some disadvantages to using PFAS. Many studies in recent years have found that PFAS are a major environmental pollutant that can harm both natural and human ecosystems. Because of their unique chemical structure, PFAS remain persistent in the environment and are resistant to both abiotic and biotic degradation. They are also known carcinogens that have been shown to disrupt the endocrine system, and been linked to an increase in mortality. For these reasons, the use of PFAS has decreased over time, but they are still present in papermaking processes.
In her statement, Attorney General Nessel emphasized the importance of companies like Domtar being held accountable for the contamination of communities. "Michigan residents should not be left holding the bag for the consequences of corporate PFAS contamination, or for the costs of cleaning it up," she said. "My efforts to hold corporations accountable for polluting our communities will continue in areas where corporations are not making adequate remediation efforts or taking responsibility for their actions."
As a result, the lawsuit filed by the Department of Attorney General seeks cost and damages from Domtar in order to address its PFAS releases into the environment. The suit also requests that the Court rule on Domtar's liability and compel the company to investigate and remediate the contamination caused by their operations.
The current lawsuit against Domtar comes on the heels of a series of PFAS-specific lawsuits against various other manufacturers. These moves demonstrate Attorney General Nessel's commitment to holding companies accountable for contaminating Michigan communities. Unrelated lawsuits were also recently filed against manufacturers of PFAS-containing firefighting foam. These actions indicate a growing crackdown on commercial PFAS pollution in the United States.
Attorney General Nessel files lawsuit against paper company for contamination
AG Nessel Files PFAS Lawsuit Against Paper Company for Contamination and Damages
Our Current Understanding of the Human Health and Environmental Risks of PFAS
Lawsuit Filed by Christian Group Against University SucceedsSupreme Court: Title 42 Restrictions on Asylum-Seekers to Remain in Place
chemicalscompanycontaminantscontaminationcourt casedangerouslegal caselitigationmakermanufacturingMichiganmillpaperpaper companypaper makerpaper manufacturingpaper millpaper plantpfasplantreleased into airTechni-Corp


text:
Giselbert van Bergen (Frans: Gislebert de Mons) (circa 1150 - circa 1225) was een geestelijke uit het graafschap Henegouwen, toen gelegen in het Rooms-Duitse Rijk. Hij was tot 1195 kanselier in dienst van graaf Boudewijn van Henegouwen en van Namen. Tevens was hij kanunnik in meerdere kapittels in Henegouwen en Namen. Als historicus schreef hij de geschiedenis van Henegouwen, getiteld Chronicon Hanoniae.

Levensloop
Giselbert groeide op aan het hof van de graven van Henegouwen. Over zijn familie is niets bekend. Hij werd priester en bleef verder aan het hof. Met de regeringsperiode van graaf Boudewijn de Moedige (1171-1195) van Henegouwen was zijn ambtelijke carrière erg verbonden.

Politieke carrière (tot 1195)
Hij werd hofkapelaan van graaf Boudewijn en tevens zijn klerk. Giselbert was vele jaren kanselier van het graafschap Henegouwen (1175-1195) tot de dood van graaf Boudewijn. Toen zijn vorst ook graaf van Namen werd (1191), werd Giselbert kanselier van Namen (1192-1195). De verwerving van het graafschap Namen was omstreden in het Rooms-Duitse Rijk, want Hendrik I van Namen en zijn bondgenoten zagen de komst van Giselbert in Namen niet zitten. De vriendschap tussen Boudewijn en zijn neef Hendrik hield hiermee op te bestaan. Giselbert vergezelde graaf Boudewijn naar de Rijksdag van Mainz om de zaak te bepleiten (1184). In Mainz liet de aartskanselier van het Rooms-Duitse Rijk het dispuut aanslepen. Giselbert reisde nog enkele keren alleen naar Mainz (1189-1191), terwijl graaf Boudewijn op het slagveld zijn gelijk haalde. Uiteindelijk kreeg graaf Boudewijn het graafschap Namen in handen (1191). De macht van Giselbert nam toe, tezamen met de nieuwe positie van Boudewijn als rijksvorst. Boudewijn zond kanselier Giselbert meerdere keren naar Italië op diplomatieke missie. Op een van deze missies vernam Giselbert de dood van Filips van de Elzas op kruistocht. Filips van de Elzas was graaf van Vlaanderen en zijn zus, Margaretha, was gravin-gemalin van Boudewijn. Giselbert lichtte onmiddellijk zijn vorst in dat hij het graafschap Vlaanderen kon binnen stormen als nieuwe graaf. Boudewijn bestuurde als graaf-gemaal, in naam van zijn vrouw Margaretha, het graafschap Vlaanderen (1191-1994), waarna hij Vlaanderen overliet aan zijn zoon. Dit paste in een akkoord met de Franse koning, waaraan Giselbert had meegewerkt. Alzo stond Giselbert aan de wieg van het ontstaan van het graafschap Artesië. In 1195 stond Giselbert aan het sterfbed van zijn vorst en werkgever, graaf Boudewijn. Zijn politieke carrière stopte.

Chronicon Hanoniae (1195-1196)
In zijn politieke periode schreef Giselbert een werk over de geschiedenis van het graafschap Henegouwen: de Chronicon Hanoniae. De schitterende rol van zijn vorst Boudewijn de Moedige droeg bij tot de glorie van Henegouwen. Giselbert was een bevoorrecht getuige als kanselier van Henegouwen en beschreef uit eigen ervaringen het leven in Henegouwen en aan het Duitse hof van keizer Frederik Barbarossa. Zijn getuigenis is een van de weinige bronnen over het hofleven in Henegouwen in de 12e eeuw. Dit werk schreef Giselbert in het Latijn. In de jaren 1195-1196 rondde hij zijn kronieken af. De Brusselse historicus Léon Vanderkindere merkte enkele hiaten op in het politieke relaas in deze kronieken; een verklaring is hiervoor niet. In de kronieken werd ook vermeld dat Hugo van Pierrepont prins-bisschop van Luik werd. Dit gebeurde pas in het jaar 1200, zodat Vanderkindere hier het werk ziet van latere kopiisten.

Kerkelijke carrière
Als succesvol kanselier verkreeg Giselbert talrijke kerkelijke posten toegestopt. Hij cumuleerde ze allemaal, wat hem belangrijke inkomsten bezorgde. Ook na zijn ontslag als kanselier (1195) kreeg hij nog kerkelijke posten bij. De cumul van kerkelijke ambten werd in die tijd oogluikend toegestaan, ondanks een verbod tot cumul in het Derde Lateraans Concilie (1179). Het gaat om:
 kanunnik van de toenmalige kerk Saint-Pierre-en-Château (vanaf 1183), gelegen in de citadel van Namen onder voogdij van de graaf van Namen
 proost van het kapittel der kanunniken van Saint-Germain in Bergen (vanaf 1188)
 proost van het Sint-Aubankapittel in Namen (vanaf 1190)
 vice-proost van Sint-Waltrudiskerk in Bergen (vanaf 1195) en, vanaf 1209, proost. De proosdij van Sint-Waltrudis was de belangrijkste van al zijn kerkelijke ambten. Mogelijks komt zijn naam Giselbert van Bergen van zijn proosdij in Bergen.
 kanunnik in het 30-man sterke kapittel van Sint-Vincentius in Zinnik (vanaf 1195); dit kapittel bestuurde de stad Zinnik
 kanunnik en later proost (1198) van het toenmalige kapittel van Onze-Lieve-Vrouw in Namen. Dit kapittel lag op de monding van de Samber in de Maas, in de wijk Grognon. Het kapittel behoorde exclusief toe aan de prins-bisschop van Luik en vormde een tegengewicht tegen het kapittel van de graaf hogerop gelegen op de citadel van Namen. De functie van proost moet hem een zitje als kanunnik gegeven hebben in het Sint-Lambertuskapittel in Luik.
 proost van het kapittel van kanunnikessen van Saint-Quentin (vanaf 1204) in Maubeuge, toen gelegen in het graafschap Henegouwen
Het valt op dat hij geen kanunnik was in het graafschap Vlaanderen, gelegen buiten het Rooms-Duitse Rijk en onder de Franse Kroon. Dit had mogelijk te maken met de afwezigheid van relaties tussen Giselbert en het Franse hof. Giselbert stierf rond het jaar 1225, ergens in het graafschap Henegouwen.

Zuid-Nederlands kanunnik (voor 1830)
Proost (geestelijke)
Zuid-Nederlands historicus (voor 1830)
Latijns schrijver
Kanselier van Henegouwen
Zuid-Nederlands diplomaat (voor 1830)
Persoon in de Nederlanden in de 12e eeuw
Persoon in de Nederlanden in de 13e eeuw
12e-eeuws kroniekschrijver


Sarah Grace Photography, LLC | "If it's worth a thought, it's worth a shot!"
Hi, I'm Sarah, also known as Grace for my severe ability to be ungraceful.
I'm a career changer, nature lover, beauty searching, composter, who loves clocks & chocolate malt-o-meal.
My life took a wide turn in 2013 when I decided to pursue a career as a photographer & entrepreneur. After years in the legal industry, I had my, "it's now or never" moment. I braced myself for the unknown & am grateful for all the surprising opportunities that come my way!
My respect for the natural environment shapes my life & business. A year-long personal art & recycling project, R-365, was featured in the Minneapolis Star Tribune newspaper, landed me opportunities with the Recycling Association of Minnesota, awarded me an Anoka County Recycling Champion and took my art to New York City, Paris & Chicago!
While sustainability & environmental endeavors propel me, I also live to travel. Traveling provides gobs of jaw-dropping landscapes, stunning architecture & new friends!
I'm in love with all the challenges and experiences that come with being a business owner.
I'd like to chat with you & help you tell your own story through photography.
Reach out & connect & we'll create something beautiful & eco-friendly together!
Want to Receive SGP Insider Updates?


text:
package org.apache.hc.client5.http.config;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.hc.core5.annotation.Contract;
import org.apache.hc.core5.annotation.ThreadingBehavior;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.hc.core5.util.Timeout;

/**
 *  Immutable class encapsulating request configuration items.
 */
@Contract(threading = ThreadingBehavior.IMMUTABLE)
public class RequestConfig implements Cloneable {

    private static final Timeout DEFAULT_CONNECTION_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = Timeout.ofMinutes(3);
    private static final Timeout DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = Timeout.ofMinutes(3);

    public static final RequestConfig DEFAULT = new Builder().build();

    private final boolean expectContinueEnabled;
    private final HttpHost proxy;
    private final String cookieSpec;
    private final boolean redirectsEnabled;
    private final boolean circularRedirectsAllowed;
    private final int maxRedirects;
    private final boolean authenticationEnabled;
    private final Collection<String> targetPreferredAuthSchemes;
    private final Collection<String> proxyPreferredAuthSchemes;
    private final Timeout connectionRequestTimeout;
    private final Timeout connectionTimeout;
    private final boolean contentCompressionEnabled;
    private final boolean hardCancellationEnabled;

    /**
     * Intended for CDI compatibility
    */
    protected RequestConfig() {
        this(false, null, null, false, false, 0, false, null, null, DEFAULT_CONNECTION_REQUEST_TIMEOUT, DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, false, false);
    }

    RequestConfig(
            final boolean expectContinueEnabled,
            final HttpHost proxy,
            final String cookieSpec,
            final boolean redirectsEnabled,
            final boolean circularRedirectsAllowed,
            final int maxRedirects,
            final boolean authenticationEnabled,
            final Collection<String> targetPreferredAuthSchemes,
            final Collection<String> proxyPreferredAuthSchemes,
            final Timeout connectionRequestTimeout,
            final Timeout connectionTimeout,
            final boolean contentCompressionEnabled,
            final boolean hardCancellationEnabled) {
        super();
        this.expectContinueEnabled = expectContinueEnabled;
        this.proxy = proxy;
        this.cookieSpec = cookieSpec;
        this.redirectsEnabled = redirectsEnabled;
        this.circularRedirectsAllowed = circularRedirectsAllowed;
        this.maxRedirects = maxRedirects;
        this.authenticationEnabled = authenticationEnabled;
        this.targetPreferredAuthSchemes = targetPreferredAuthSchemes;
        this.proxyPreferredAuthSchemes = proxyPreferredAuthSchemes;
        this.connectionRequestTimeout = connectionRequestTimeout;
        this.connectionTimeout = connectionTimeout;
        this.contentCompressionEnabled = contentCompressionEnabled;
        this.hardCancellationEnabled = hardCancellationEnabled;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the 'Expect: 100-Continue' handshake is enabled
     * for entity enclosing methods. The purpose of the 'Expect: 100-Continue'
     * handshake is to allow a client that is sending a request message with
     * a request body to determine if the origin server is willing to
     * accept the request (based on the request headers) before the client
     * sends the request body.
     *

     * The use of the 'Expect: 100-continue' handshake can result in
     * a noticeable performance improvement for entity enclosing requests
     * (such as POST and PUT) that require the target server's
     * authentication.
     *

     *

     * 'Expect: 100-continue' handshake should be used with caution, as it
     * may cause problems with HTTP servers and proxies that do not support
     * HTTP/1.1 protocol.
     *

     *

     * Default: {@code false}
     *

     */
    public boolean isExpectContinueEnabled() {
        return expectContinueEnabled;
    }

    /**
     * Returns HTTP proxy to be used for request execution.
     *

     * Default: {@code null}
     *

     */
    public HttpHost getProxy() {
        return proxy;
    }

    /**
     * Determines the name of the cookie specification to be used for HTTP state
     * management.
     *

     * Default: {@code null}
     *

     */
    public String getCookieSpec() {
        return cookieSpec;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether redirects should be handled automatically.
     *

     * Default: {@code true}
     *

     */
    public boolean isRedirectsEnabled() {
        return redirectsEnabled;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether circular redirects (redirects to the same location) should
     * be allowed. The HTTP spec is not sufficiently clear whether circular redirects
     * are permitted, therefore optionally they can be enabled
     *

     * Default: {@code false}
     *

     */
    public boolean isCircularRedirectsAllowed() {
        return circularRedirectsAllowed;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the maximum number of redirects to be followed. The limit on number
     * of redirects is intended to prevent infinite loops.
     *

     * Default: {@code 50}
     *

     */
    public int getMaxRedirects() {
        return maxRedirects;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether authentication should be handled automatically.
     *

     * Default: {@code true}
     *

     */
    public boolean isAuthenticationEnabled() {
        return authenticationEnabled;
    }

    /**
     * Determines the order of preference for supported authentication schemes
     * when authenticating with the target host.
     *

     * Default: {@code null}
     *

     */
    public Collection<String> getTargetPreferredAuthSchemes() {
        return targetPreferredAuthSchemes;
    }

    /**
     * Determines the order of preference for supported authentication schemes
     * when authenticating with the proxy host.
     *

     * Default: {@code null}
     *

     */
    public Collection<String> getProxyPreferredAuthSchemes() {
        return proxyPreferredAuthSchemes;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the timeout in milliseconds used when requesting a connection
     * from the connection manager. A timeout value of zero is interpreted
     * as an infinite timeout.
     *

     * A timeout value of zero is interpreted as an infinite timeout.
     * A negative value is interpreted as undefined (system default).
     *

     *

     * Default: 3 minutes.
     *

     */
    public Timeout getConnectionRequestTimeout() {
        return connectionRequestTimeout;
    }

    /**
     * Determines the timeout in milliseconds until a new connection is
     * fully established or established connection transmits a data packet.
     * A timeout value of zero is interpreted as an infinite timeout.
     *

     * A timeout value of zero is interpreted as an infinite timeout.
     * A negative value is interpreted as undefined (system default).
     *

     *

     * Default: 3 minutes
     *

     *
     * @since 5.0
     */
    public Timeout getConnectionTimeout() {
        return connectionTimeout;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the target server is requested to compress content.
     *

     * Default: {@code true}
     *

     *
     * @since 4.5
     */
    public boolean isContentCompressionEnabled() {
        return contentCompressionEnabled;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether request cancellation, such as through {@code
     * Future#cancel(boolean)}, should kill the underlying connection. If this
     * option is set to false, the client will attempt to preserve the
     * underlying connection by allowing the request to complete in the
     * background, discarding the response.
     *

     * Note that when this option is {@code true}, cancelling a request may
     * cause other requests to fail, if they are waiting to use the same
     * connection.
     *

     *

     * On HTTP/2, this option has no effect. Request cancellation will always
     * result in the stream being cancelled with a {@code RST_STREAM}. This
     * has no effect on connection reuse.
     *

     *

     * On non-asynchronous clients, this option has no effect. Request
     * cancellation, such as through {@code HttpUriRequestBase#cancel()}, will
     * always kill the underlying connection.
     *

     *

     * Default: {@code true}
     *

     *
     * @since 5.0
     */
    public boolean isHardCancellationEnabled() {
        return hardCancellationEnabled;
    }

    @Override
    protected RequestConfig clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (RequestConfig) super.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        builder.append("[");
        builder.append("expectContinueEnabled=").append(expectContinueEnabled);
        builder.append(", proxy=").append(proxy);
        builder.append(", cookieSpec=").append(cookieSpec);
        builder.append(", redirectsEnabled=").append(redirectsEnabled);
        builder.append(", maxRedirects=").append(maxRedirects);
        builder.append(", circularRedirectsAllowed=").append(circularRedirectsAllowed);
        builder.append(", authenticationEnabled=").append(authenticationEnabled);
        builder.append(", targetPreferredAuthSchemes=").append(targetPreferredAuthSchemes);
        builder.append(", proxyPreferredAuthSchemes=").append(proxyPreferredAuthSchemes);
        builder.append(", connectionRequestTimeout=").append(connectionRequestTimeout);
        builder.append(", connectionTimeout=").append(connectionTimeout);
        builder.append(", contentCompressionEnabled=").append(contentCompressionEnabled);
        builder.append(", hardCancellationEnabled=").append(hardCancellationEnabled);
        builder.append("]");
        return builder.toString();
    }

    public static RequestConfig.Builder custom() {
        return new Builder();
    }

    public static RequestConfig.Builder copy(final RequestConfig config) {
        return new Builder()
            .setExpectContinueEnabled(config.isExpectContinueEnabled())
            .setProxy(config.getProxy())
            .setCookieSpec(config.getCookieSpec())
            .setRedirectsEnabled(config.isRedirectsEnabled())
            .setCircularRedirectsAllowed(config.isCircularRedirectsAllowed())
            .setMaxRedirects(config.getMaxRedirects())
            .setAuthenticationEnabled(config.isAuthenticationEnabled())
            .setTargetPreferredAuthSchemes(config.getTargetPreferredAuthSchemes())
            .setProxyPreferredAuthSchemes(config.getProxyPreferredAuthSchemes())
            .setConnectionRequestTimeout(config.getConnectionRequestTimeout())
            .setConnectionTimeout(config.getConnectionTimeout())
            .setContentCompressionEnabled(config.isContentCompressionEnabled())
            .setHardCancellationEnabled(config.isHardCancellationEnabled());
    }

    public static class Builder {

        private boolean expectContinueEnabled;
        private HttpHost proxy;
        private String cookieSpec;
        private boolean redirectsEnabled;
        private boolean circularRedirectsAllowed;
        private int maxRedirects;
        private boolean authenticationEnabled;
        private Collection<String> targetPreferredAuthSchemes;
        private Collection<String> proxyPreferredAuthSchemes;
        private Timeout connectionRequestTimeout;
        private Timeout connectionTimeout;
        private boolean contentCompressionEnabled;
        private boolean hardCancellationEnabled;

        Builder() {
            super();
            this.redirectsEnabled = true;
            this.maxRedirects = 50;
            this.authenticationEnabled = true;
            this.connectionRequestTimeout = DEFAULT_CONNECTION_REQUEST_TIMEOUT;
            this.connectionTimeout = DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT;
            this.contentCompressionEnabled = true;
            this.hardCancellationEnabled = true;
        }

        public Builder setExpectContinueEnabled(final boolean expectContinueEnabled) {
            this.expectContinueEnabled = expectContinueEnabled;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setProxy(final HttpHost proxy) {
            this.proxy = proxy;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setCookieSpec(final String cookieSpec) {
            this.cookieSpec = cookieSpec;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setRedirectsEnabled(final boolean redirectsEnabled) {
            this.redirectsEnabled = redirectsEnabled;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setCircularRedirectsAllowed(final boolean circularRedirectsAllowed) {
            this.circularRedirectsAllowed = circularRedirectsAllowed;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setMaxRedirects(final int maxRedirects) {
            this.maxRedirects = maxRedirects;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setAuthenticationEnabled(final boolean authenticationEnabled) {
            this.authenticationEnabled = authenticationEnabled;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setTargetPreferredAuthSchemes(final Collection<String> targetPreferredAuthSchemes) {
            this.targetPreferredAuthSchemes = targetPreferredAuthSchemes;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setProxyPreferredAuthSchemes(final Collection<String> proxyPreferredAuthSchemes) {
            this.proxyPreferredAuthSchemes = proxyPreferredAuthSchemes;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setConnectionRequestTimeout(final Timeout connectionRequestTimeout) {
            this.connectionRequestTimeout = connectionRequestTimeout;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setConnectionRequestTimeout(final long connectionRequestTimeout, final TimeUnit timeUnit) {
            this.connectionRequestTimeout = Timeout.of(connectionRequestTimeout, timeUnit);
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setConnectionTimeout(final Timeout connectionTimeout) {
            this.connectionTimeout = connectionTimeout;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setConnectionTimeout(final long connectTimeout, final TimeUnit timeUnit) {
            this.connectionTimeout = Timeout.of(connectTimeout, timeUnit);
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setContentCompressionEnabled(final boolean contentCompressionEnabled) {
            this.contentCompressionEnabled = contentCompressionEnabled;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setHardCancellationEnabled(final boolean hardCancellationEnabled) {
            this.hardCancellationEnabled = hardCancellationEnabled;
            return this;
        }

        public RequestConfig build() {
            return new RequestConfig(
                    expectContinueEnabled,
                    proxy,
                    cookieSpec,
                    redirectsEnabled,
                    circularRedirectsAllowed,
                    maxRedirects,
                    authenticationEnabled,
                    targetPreferredAuthSchemes,
                    proxyPreferredAuthSchemes,
                    connectionRequestTimeout != null ? connectionRequestTimeout : DEFAULT_CONNECTION_REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
                    connectionTimeout != null ? connectionTimeout : DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT,
                    contentCompressionEnabled,
                    hardCancellationEnabled);
        }

    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
/*
 * multi_bow_extractor.hpp
 *
 *  Created on: Nov 10, 2011
 *      Author: lbossard
 */

#ifndef MULTI_BOW_EXTRACTOR_HPP_
#define MULTI_BOW_EXTRACTOR_HPP_

#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <boost/scoped_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>

#include "bow_extractor.hpp"

namespace vision
{
namespace features
{

/**
 *
 */
class MultiBowExtractor
{
public:
    typedef BowExtractor::WordId WordId;
    typedef int VocabularyId;

    MultiBowExtractor();
    virtual ~MultiBowExtractor();

    bool loadBows(const std::vector<boost::filesystem::path>& vocabulary_files);

    void match(
            const cv::Mat_<float>& low_level_features,
            std::vector<WordId>& visual_words);

    void matchVocabulary(
            const cv::Mat_<float>& low_level_features,
            std::vector<VocabularyId>& visual_words);

    void matchVocabularyKnn(
            const cv::Mat_<float>& low_level_features,
            std::vector<VocabularyId>& visual_words,
            unsigned int k);

    inline WordId maxWordId() const;

    inline VocabularyId maxVocabularyId() const;

    inline std::size_t wordCount() const;

    inline VocabularyId wordToVocabularyId(WordId wordId) const;

private:
    boost::scoped_ptr<BowExtractor> bow_extractor_;
    std::size_t words_per_voc_;
};

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// implementation

inline MultiBowExtractor::WordId
MultiBowExtractor::maxWordId() const
{
    return bow_extractor_->maxWordId();
}

inline MultiBowExtractor::VocabularyId
MultiBowExtractor::maxVocabularyId() const
{
    return wordToVocabularyId(maxWordId());
}

inline std::size_t MultiBowExtractor::wordCount() const
{
    return bow_extractor_->wordCount();
}

inline MultiBowExtractor::VocabularyId
MultiBowExtractor::wordToVocabularyId(WordId wordId) const
{
    return wordId / words_per_voc_;
}
} /* namespace features */
} /* namespace vision */

#endif /* MULTI_BOW_EXTRACTOR_HPP_ */


Shook, L. B. Abilene Daily Reporter. (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 9, No. 25, Ed. 1 Friday, July 8, 1904, newspaper, July 8, 1904; Abilene, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth333081/: accessed April 20, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Abilene Public Library.


Catherine graduated from Mary Washington College in Fredericksburg, VA with a B.A. in Cultural Anthropology. She moved to Tempe, Az that same year to attend the Arizona State University School of Law. She graduated early and earned her Juris Doctor at the age of 23. Although she valued her legal education, she decided to pursue career opportunities outside of the law, including the fashion, advertising, and hospitality industries in New York City. In California she rediscovered a love of teaching young children, after growing up volunteering at her mother's Montessori preschool. Next, she practiced law as a child advocate in New Mexico. Returning to Arizona in 2009, she obtained her state highly-qualified teaching credentials and teaches early education in Paradise Valley. She has a strong interest in local architecture, design, and assisting buyers in the purchase of unique Valley area properties. Her legal background and natural abilities allow her to critically evaluate home buying and selling choices to the benefit of her clients. Partnering with Lisa Brazsky, she has all of the tools necessary to make her clients' real estate transactions a success.


text:
Kim Davis jailed
Beyond Ridiculous
This is not exactly unexpected:
Rowan County Clerk Kim Davis walked out of a Kentucky detention center to massive applause Tuesday after spending five days behind bars for defying a federal order that she issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. But her attorney said that Davis would continue to abide by her conscience, which cannot condone same-sex nuptials, and that all licenses issued since her incarceration were not valid.
The defiant stand seems likely to land Davis right back in jail, from where she emerged Tuesday afternoon alongside her attorney, Mat Staver, and former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, who was hosting a rally in her honor. Huckabee, a former Baptist pastor, told reporters outside the detention center he'd be willing to go to jail in her place should a federal judge find she's violated the conditions of her release.
Bunning said in his order Tuesday that Davis "shall not interfere in any way, directly or indirectly, with the efforts of her deputy clerks to issue marriage licenses to all legally eligible couples." But Staver suggested such interference was likely.
"She cannot allow a license authorizing same-sex marriage to go under her authority or name," Staver said in an interview with NBC News' Gabe Gutierrez, ahead of Davis' release. "That's been her position from the beginning and that will be her position, I assume, on any subsequent occasion. She's asking for a simple fix, a simple accommodation."
"We're back to square one," he added. "She's been released. But there has been no resolution."
(Margolin)
Some questions for the office pool: Will it take days before Kim Davis lands herself in jail, or mere hours? How, exactly, can she interfere? Hide all the license forms in her safe? Cut the printer cables? Sabotage the network? Physically preclude her deputies from doing their jobs? Fire them for doing their jobs? No, really, how is this going to go?
Posted in Bigotry, Christianity, Civil Rights, Conservative, Culture, Democrats, Ethics, Family, Government, Human Rights, Justice, Law, LGBTQ, Liberal, People, Politics, Purity/Family Values (culture), Religion, Religious Extremism, Stupid, Supreme Court, The South (U.S.) and tagged ad hoc Christianity, Allison Connelly, attorney, bad attorney, bad faith, bad lawyer, Bell Estes, Cecil Watkins, Christian betrayal, Christian bigotry, Christian hatred, Christian supremacism, county clerk, deputy clerk, Emma Margolin, faithless Christian, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), governor, heterosupremacist, Judge David Bunning, Kentucky, Kentucky legislature, Kim Davis, Kim Davis bully, Kim Davis contempt, Kim Davis faithless, Kim Davis jailed, Kim Davis supremacist, Kim Davis victim, lawyer, Lexington Herald-Leader, Liberty Counsel, marriage license, marriage licenses, Mat Staver, MSNBC, Obergefell v. Hodges, phone-tree complaint, Rowan County, Rowan County Attorney, Rowan County Judge-Executive, special session, squeaky wheel, Steve Beshear, U.S. District Court, University of Kentucky Legal Clinic, Walter 'Doc' Blevins on 2015.09.09 by bd. 1 Comment
Brian Tashman of Right Wing Watch put together a brief list―and thank him, since that means you don't have to do it yourself―of strange arguments offered in support of Kim Davis, the Rowan County, Kentucky clerk who asserts her ad hoc religion entitles her, as an equally protected constitutional right, to decide who is entitled to their equally protected constitutional rights.
The list itself is pretty straightforward except for its unbelievability; yet here we are, and this is real:
(1) God's law trumps U.S. law
(2) Davis was elected before Obergefell, so she's exempt
(3) Davis is the only clerk obeying the law
(4) Gays can just drive to another county
(5) Anti-religious test for office
While it is true that these are all nonsensical, we might take a moment to consider that first, reminding of two points: Insurrection and bad attorneys.
Posted in Books, Christianity, Civil Rights, Conservative, Culture, Democrats, Ethics, Family, Government, History, Human Rights, Justice, Law, LGBTQ, People, Politics, Purity/Family Values (culture), Religion, Religious Extremism, Strange, Stupid, Supreme Court, The South (U.S.) and tagged ad hoc Christianity, ad hoc reigion, advice to break law, anti-gay, bad attorney, bad faith, bad lawyer, bad legal advice, Brian Tashman, Christian betrayal, Christian bigotry, Christian conscience, Christian hatred, Christian supremacism, contempt of court, county clerk, gay marriage, God's law, homophobe, Homophobia, homophobic, insurrection, Kentucky, Kim Davis, Kim Davis ad hoc religion, Kim Davis bigot, Kim Davis bully, Kim Davis jailed, Kim Davis supremacist, Kim Davis victim, lawbreaking, Liberty Counsel, Liberty Counsel bad faith, Liberty Counsel bigotry, Liberty Counsel exploitation, Liberty University, Liberty University School of Law, marriage equality, nonsense, Obergefell v. Hodges, religious conscience, religious freedom, Rena Lindevaldsen, Right Wing Watch, Rowan County, same sex marriage, supreme law of the land, U.S. Constitution on 2015.09.07 by bd. Leave a comment
Another Obvious Question (House Divided Hot Mess Mix)
Let us start here:
Importantly, Davis is not claiming a substantial burden on her religious freedom or free speech rights if someone else authorizes and approves a SSM license devoid of her name.
(Mihet and Christman [Liberty Counsel], 28 August 2015; accents per source)
Follow the bouncing ball:
"The stay request offers several options such as removing Davis's name from the marriage license, thus removing the personal nature of the authorization," Staver pointed out. "Another accommodation would be to allow licenses to be issued by the chief executive of Rowan County or developing a statewide, online marriage license process," Staver suggested. "There is absolutely no reason that this case has gone so far without reasonable people respecting and accommodating Kim Davis's First Amendment rights," Staver concluded.
(Liberty Counsel, 31 August 2015; boldface accent added)
And then came Friday:
Mathew Staver, founder of Liberty Counsel which represents Davis, said he believes Friday's licenses are invalid because they were not issued with her approval. Davis' name does not appear on the licenses.
"They are not worth the paper they are printed on," Staver said, standing in front of the Grayson, Kentucky, detention center where Davis is being held. He added she had no intention of resigning as clerk.
(Bittenbender; boldface accent added)
Would any among Ms. Davis' defenders care to attempt reconciling, or at least merely explaining that sleight? This much is true: We don't expect Mr. Staver, nor his colleagues, Messrs. Christman and Himet, to do so. Indeed, we might wonder if they would find demands for such an explanation offensive to their religious freedom.
To be clear, because some need it so expressed:
• If Kim Davis' name was not on the marriage licenses, then the "personal nature of the authorization" would be removed. (Liberty Counsel, 28-31 August)
• If the licenses were issued without Ms. Davis' name on them, then they are "not worth the paper they are printed on" because Ms. Davis has not given authorization of a personal nature.
In the end, Mark Joseph Stern's question of whether Kim Davis is "getting taken for a ride by her lawyers", as the headline put it, asserts itself more insistently.
More and more, it's beginning to look like the Liberty Counsel is taking Davis for a ride, using her doomed case to promote itself and its extremist principles. Davis has certainly humiliated and degraded the gay couples whom she turned away. But I wonder if, on some level, she isn't a victim, too.
(Boldface accent added)
I mean, really.
This is a sick joke playing out before our eyes.
Image note: Kim Davis, the Rowan County Clerk of Courts, listens to Robbie Blankenship and Jesse Cruz as they speak with her at the County Clerks Office on September 2, 2015 in Morehead, Kentucky. (Photo: Ty Wright/Getty Images)
(Tip o' the hat I don't actually wear: JoeMyGod)
Mihet, Horatio G. and Jonathan D. Christman. "Emergency Application to Stay Preliminary Injunction Pending Appeal". Davis v. Miller et al. Supreme Court of the United States. 28 August 2015.
Liberty Counsel. "Accommodations Would End Rowan County Dispute". Press Release. 31 August 2015.
Bittenbender, Steve. "Kentucky clerk's office ends ban on same-sex marriage licenses". Reuters. 4 September 2015.
Stern, Mark Joseph. "Is Kentucky's Infamous Anti-Gay Clerk Getting Taken for a Ride by Her Lawyers?". Slate. 31 August 2015.
Posted in Bigotry, Christianity, Civil Rights, Conservative, Culture, Democrats, Ethics, Family, Government, History, Human Rights, Justice, Law, LGBTQ, People, Politics, Purity/Family Values (culture), Religion, Religious Extremism, Republicans, Strange, Stupid, Supreme Court, The South (U.S.) and tagged Amendment I, Amendment XIV, application for stay, attorney, bad attorney, bad faith, bad lawyer, bad legal advice, Christian betrayal, Christian bigotry, Christian conscience, Christian disgrace, Christian hatred, Christian supremacism, conservative swindle, contradiction, contradictory argument, county clerk, Davis v. Miller et al., desperate hatred, desperation, dishonest legal advice, dishonesty, emergency application, Equal Protection, exploitation, First Amendment, First Amendment rights, Fourteenth Amendment, free speech, gay marriage, Horatio G. Mihet, Jonathan D. Christman, Kentucky, Kim Davis, Kim Davis bigot, Kim Davis bully, Kim Davis contempt, Kim Davis contempt of court, Kim Davis jailed, Kim Davis supremacist, Kim Davis victim, lawyer, Liberty Counsel, Liberty Counsel bad faith, Liberty Counsel exploitative, Mark Joseph Stern, marriage equality, marriage license, Mat Staver, Mat Staver argue both ways, Mat Staver bad faith, Mat Staver forked tongue, Mat Staver fundamental contradiction, Obergefell v. Hodges, pending appeal, preliminary injunction, religious conscience, religious freedom, removing Davis' name, Reuters, Rowan County, same sex marriage, SCOTUS, Slate, sleight, spite, Steve Bittenbender, substantial burden, swindle, Ty Wright/Getty Images, U.S. Constitution on 2015.09.06 by bd. 1 Comment
The Not-So-Gay Divorceé
The question of a divorceé has long plagued Christian supremacists who denounce marriage equality and gay rights, but, you know, really? Not only has Kim Davis already licensed transgender man and his pansexual wife, and most likely also issued plenty of marriage licenses to divorceés, but it also turns out that Ms. Davis is herself a serial adulterer.
On this point, Travis Gettys of Raw Story considers an appearance by Dan Savage on msnbc; the author, advice columnist, and editor of The Stranger, Mr. Savage spared no punches:
"I think Kim Davis is waiting to cash in," Savage told MSNBC. "I predicted from the beginning that she would defy all the court orders, defy the Supreme Court, she would ultimately be held in contempt of court, lose her job, perhaps go to prison for a short amount of time. And then she will have written for her, ghost written books. She will go on the right-wing lecture circuit and she'll never have to do an honest day's work ever again in her life."
"This is about someone hypocritically cashing in, and she is a hypocrite," he added.
Savage referred to the defiant clerk's statement complaining that courts were asking her to "violate a central teaching of Scripture and of Jesus Himself regarding marriage" — which the columnist dismissed as ridiculous.
"This is a woman who's been divorced three times and married four times," he said, reading from the US News & World Report article that pointed out Davis "gave birth to twins five months after divorcing her first husband, (and) they were fathered by her third husband but adopted by her second husband."
"She's now onto her fourth husband," Savage said. "Jesus Christ himself in scripture condemned divorce, called it adultery and forbids it. Jesus Christ himself in scripture says not one word about same-sex marriage."
Savage said the U.S. Supreme Court had already decided the issue of same-sex marriage, and he said Davis clearly should have followed the law all along.
"She's not being asked to perform a sacrament, she is tasked with ascertaining that the people in front of her, the couple in front of her, have a legal right to get married and to provide them with that license," he said. "She is not a minister. She actually thinks she works for God there in the county courthouse, when she actually works for Caesar — and someone needs to acquaint her with that fact."
Or we might attend Mr. Savage himself, who recently blogged, among other notes:
I would say I can't wait for a Muslim county clerk in, say, Dearborn, Michigan (which has a huge Muslim community), to refuse to issue a marriage license to a Christian couple on the grounds that the this kafir couple hasn't been paying jizya… but that's not going to happen. Religious minorities in this country intuitively understand that to empower religious bigots like Davis is to paint bullseyes on their own backs. So the Jesus-freak goons at the Liberty Counsel work to frame discrimination as a "religious freedom" because they're confident that American Christians will be the ones doing the discriminating, not suffering from it.
This is an important point. Something about functional reality goes here.
Posted in Bigotry, Christianity, Civil Rights, Congress, Conservative, Culture, Democrats, Ethics, Family, Government, History, Human Rights, Justice, Law, LGBTQ, Liberal, People, Politics, Purity/Family Values (culture), Religion, Religious Extremism, Republicans, Social Justice, Stupid, Supreme Court, Terrorism, The South (U.S.), War, White House and tagged 2016 GOP presidential nomination, 2016 Republican presidential nomination, Amendment I, Amendment XIV, Carly Fiorina, Carly Fiorina 2016, cashing in, Chris Boeskool, Chris Kenning, Christian betrayal, Christian bigotry, Christian conscience, Christian hatred, Christian hypocrisy, civil war, conservative hardliners, conservative rhetoric, contempt of court, county clerk, Dan Savage, Equal Protection, faith structure, faithless, fearmongering, First Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment, gay marriage, gay rights, GOP 2016, hardliners, hatemongering, held in contempt, homophobe, Homophobia, homophobic, Huffington Post, hypocrisy, insurrection, insurrectionist, jail, jail time, jailed, James Dobson, Jane Marquardt, Jesus Christ, Jim Davis, Josh Israel, Judge David Bunning, Kentucky, Kentucky Democratic Party, Kim Davis, Kim Davis jailed, Lindsey Graham, Lindsey Graham 2016, marriage equality, Michele Bachmann, Mike Wynn, msnc, neuroses, neurotic complex, neurotic rupture, neurotic tension, Obergefell v. Hodges, Pat Robertson, perpetual dysfunction, perverts, political violence, Raw Story, re-education camps, reality, religious conscience, religious freedom, Rick Santorum, Rick Santorum 2016, Ronnie Floyd, Rowan County, same sex marriage, Simon McCormack, Slog, Southern Baptist Convention, spiritual warfare, Steve Benen, supremacy ≠ equality, Ted Cruz, Ted Cruz 2016, The Courier-Journal, The Stranger, ThinkProgress, Travis Gettys, U.S. Constitution, U.S. District Court, volatile rhetoric, warmongering, worse fates on 2015.09.04 by bd. Leave a comment
The Point: Supremacy ≠ Equality
Yesterday, Brian Beutler laid out a case for why Kim Davis should face jail for contempt of court; the article for The New Republic recalled:
What was rendered as a call for pluralism, though, was really a counterbid to keep the old formula: when disputes arise between same-sex couples and religious people like ourselves, the state should side with us.
Today, Ms. Davis, the Clerk of Rowan County, Kentucky, was ordered to jail by U.S. District Court Judge David Bunning; Steve Benen reminds, for msnbc:
Just so news consumers are clear, if you hear that Davis was jailed for her opposition to marriage equality, this is incorrect. She was taken into custody because she deliberately, brazenly ignored a court order. Davis was bound, not only to perform her official duties, but also to follow the law. She refused and is now in contempt of court.
This is important. But what neither Beutler nor Benen ever quite cut to―indeed, the larger discourse seems to avoid―is the basic functional reality. And perhaps there is a reason for this, but it comes down to something like we shouldn't have to spell it out so simply, which is clearly insufficient since this really is the moment, and really is the argument.
Equality is equality. Functionally speaking, what Ms. Davis demands is that her "equality" requires her "superiority" and others' "inferiority". In theology, one of the practical limitations of God is inherent contradiction; even the Almighty cannot, by the classic example, fashion a square circle.
By definition, supremacy is not equality.
The functional reality that these Christian conservatives need to deal with is that equality is equality. This has been going on for a long time. As we have considered of Ms. Davis, the underlying device is the same as the library book argument. It's also the same one we heard about pop music in the 1980s; the one that brought us the little black and white warning labels on heavy metal and rap albums. It is a traditional plea of the privileged, that another's rights stop at the convenience or inconvenience of the privileged; one's rights are violated as long as another's are intact.
This is the functional reality: All Ms. Davis is asking is that her equality allow her supremacy.
So whatever one might say in rejoinder to Mr. Benen's reminder, Mr. Beutler's recollection of recent history is accurate:
Back before the Supreme Court found a constitutional right to same-sex marriage, when it became clear that same-sex marriage would one day be the law of the land in most, if not all states, conservative culture warriors abruptly changed tacks. After organizing for years around the notion that states and the federal government should refuse to recognize same-sex marriages, they decided the time had come for everyone to be accommodating to one another—as if liberals were suddenly making unfair demands.
But liberals were doing no such thing. For generations, when disputes rooted in discrimination against gays and lesbians arose between parties, governments would generally side with discriminators. Liberals were simply demanding that moving forward, the presumption should be turned on its head—beginning with the states themselves, a great many of which refused to recognize same-sex marriages.
Conservatives responded by issuing pleas for mercy, and embraced the concept of pluralism, to wield as a cudgel against gay rights activists. Same-sex marriage might prevail legally and politically, but opponents should not thenceforth be treated like bigots or pariahs or scofflaws.
Thus it is worth reminding explicitly: What he is describing is the old formula of supremacism: In order to be equal, Ms. Davis and other Christians should be able to demand and enforce inequality unto others.
Whatever anyone else tells you about freedom and conscience, simply remember that functionally speaking, supremacy and equality simply are not the same, and cannot be reconciled as such. Kim Davis is about to become a martyr and legend; let us always remember why.
Image note: Rowan County, Kentucky Clerk Kim Davis shows emotion as she is cheered by a gathering of supporters during a rally on the steps of the Kentucky State Capitol in Frankfort, Kentucky, Saturday, 22 August 2015. Davis spoke at the rally organized by The Family Foundation of Kentucky. The crowd of a few thousand included churchgoers from around the state. Davis has been sued by the American Civil Liberties Union for denying marriage licenses to gay couples. She says her Christian faith prohibits her from signing licenses for same-sex couples. (AP Photo/Timothy D. Easley)
Benen, Steve. "Kentucky's Kim Davis jailed, held in contempt". msnbc. 3 September 2015.
Beutler, Brian. "Throw Kentucky Clerk Kim Davis in Jail". The New Republic. 2 September 2015.
Posted in Bigotry, Christianity, Civil Rights, Conservative, Culture, Ethics, Family, Government, History, Human Rights, Justice, Law, LGBTQ, Liberal, People, Politics, Psychology, Purity/Family Values (culture), Religion, Stupid, Supreme Court, The South (U.S.) and tagged anti-gay, Brian Beutler, censorship, Christian bigotry, Christian hatred, Christian hypocrisy, Christian supremacism, classic example, county clerk, culture warrior, culture wars, desperate, equality, equality is not supremacy, fake pluralism, gay marriage, God, hatemonger, heavy metal (music), heterosupremacism, heterosupremacist, homophobe, Homophobia, inequality, inherent contradiction, Kentucky, Kim Davis, Kim Davis contempt of court, Kim Davis jailed, Kim Davis supremacist, library books, limitations of God, marriage equality, martyr complex, MSNBC, Obergefell v. Hodges, Parental Music Resource Center (PMRC), pariahs, pleas for mercy, pluralism, practical limitations, rap, Rowan County, same sex marriage, square circle, Steve Benen, supremacy ≠ equality, The Almighty, The New Republic, Timothy D. Easley/AP Photo, tradition, traditional inequality, traditional injustice, traditional supremacism, traditionalism, warning labels on 2015.09.03 by bd. Leave a comment


text:
https://www.google.com/
Home COVID-19 | Frequently Asked Questions
COVID-19 | Frequently Asked Questions
Are you in Portugal?
Are there any restrictions on travelling as a tourist in Portugal at the moment?
So far no specific rules for tourists have been announced.
There is a general recommendation for citizens to reduce circulation to what is necessary to avoid concentration of people and points of infection.
Restaurants and cafes, cultural facilities and monuments are open, sometimes with more restricted hours and social distance rules. All measures implemented can be found at www.visitportugal.com/en/node/421175
Are there any circulation restrictions in Portugal?
At the land borders with Spain there are no restrictions on mobility.
During the State of Emergency which began on 24 November and will last until 11:59 p.m. on 15 January, there will be restrictions in many municipalities where citizens can only move in specific and authorised situations, according to 4 levels of risk of transmission of the COVID-19 virus.
You can find out what the specific measures are at https://www.visitportugal.com/en/node/421175 or at the page EstamosOn (in Portuguese), where you can check which measures apply in each municipality.
The public transportation is working?
Yes, public transport remains in operation, but has reduced the capacity of vehicles and/or trains to 2/3 of their total capacity and it is mandatory to wear a facial mask.
Are there any rules for restaurants and cafés?
Yes, restaurants and cafes are open in accordance with several rules of hygiene and social distancing.
Restaurants must close until 1 am. All other shops must close between 8 pm and 11 pm, according to the instructions of the city hall in the geographical area.
In municipalities considered to be at risk, including the metropolitan areas of Porto and Lisbon, specific measures were decreed until 15 January. In these places, restaurants have more restricted hours and there is a limit of 6 people per group, except if they belong to the same household. You can find out what the specific measures are at https://www.visitportugal.com/en/node/421175.
Is it possible to visit museums or other tourist attractions?
Yes, tourist attractions such as monuments, museums, zoos or aquariums are open to visitors, who must comply with the rules of social distance and wear face masks.
Are there any new rules to observe for the frequency of public spaces?
Yes, depending on its size, the different places, such as libraries, stores and supermarkets, allow only a small number of people to enter each time, who must wear a face mask.
As a foreigner, what to do if I need health care?
According to Portuguese law, all foreign citizens have access to the National Health Service. However, there are specific procedures for access, considering the country of origin, whether it is a European Union country or a country that has a bilateral agreement with Portugal. To learn more, click on "About Portugal / Useful Information" (in the menu at the top of this page) and choose the "Health" option or consult the Portuguese National Health Service.
As a visitor to Portugal, where can I easily test for Covid 19?
If you are a visitor to Portugal you can receive the test for Covid-19 (RT-PCR) shortly after arrival, before departure or at any time, in one of the hospitals and clinics included in the Portugal Health Passport, all of which provide you personalized support in your language. The results for the tests may be obtained in 72 hours or less. More information is available at test.covid19@portugalhealthpassport.com.
Is there any travel insurance that covers expenses related to Covid-19?
Portugal has developed a travel insurance for visitors residing abroad - Portugal Travel Insurance - which covers, among other aspects, medical, surgical, pharmaceutical and hospital expenses related to Covid-19, as well as cancellation, interruption expenses or extension of the trip also for reasons of Covid-19. For more information contact portugaltravelinsurance@bonus-seguros.pt / www.portugaltravelinsurance.com.
Do you want to come to Portugal?
I plan to fly to Portugal soon. Is it possible?
Air travel to and from Portugal is allowed to:
- European Union countries;
- Schengen Associated Countries - Liechtenstein, Norway, Iceland, Switzerland – and the United Kingdom;
- Australia, China (including Hong Kong and Macao), South Korea, Japan, New Zealand, Rwanda, Singapore, Thailand, Uruguay.
It is not necessary to present the COVID-19 Test on these flights, unless the destinations are the archipelagos of Madeira or the Azores.
Flights from the United Kingdom:
- Only passengers on flights from the United Kingdom who are nationals or citizens legally resident in Portugal are allowed to enter Portugal. - All passengers must present a negative test to COVID 19.
- Upon arrival in the national territory, citizens who do not have proof of negative test results will be sent by the competent authorities to be carried out inside the airport. In this case, citizens will have to remain in isolation, under the terms defined by health authorities.
Flights between Portugal and other destinations will only be permitted for essential travel. In this case, passengers must present a negative test to COVID-19 (RT-PCR), carried out within 72 hours before departure time. This test is not asked in Portugal for those who are in transit and do not have to leave the airport facilities. "Essential travel" is defined as trips allowing the transit, entry into and departure from Portugal for the following persons:
- citizens of a European Union member state, Schengen Associated countries and their family members;
- citizens repatriated through consular assistance;
- third-country nationals travelling for professional purposes, study, family reunions, health and humanitarian reasons and under the reciprocity principle.In essential travels, national and foreign citizens with legal residence in Portugal and also diplomatic personnel accredited in Portugal who, exceptionally, do not present the test, will have to do it on arrival, at the airport, and at their own expense. Foreign passengers who embark without the test performed, will be refused entry into national territory, with the airline being the subject of a fine.
Before planning your trip, consult the European Union website - https://reopen.europa.eu - where you can find information on each country about borders, available means of transport, travel restrictions, health and public safety measures, as well as as well as other practical information for travellers.
Is there a form to fill in before the flight? I was told about the "Passenger Locator Card".
For trips to Portugal, passengers must fill in a form from the Health Authorities - Passenger Locator Card - available at https://portugalcleanandsafe.pt/en/passenger-locator-card.
This information should be used to contact passengers in case of any COVID-19 cases on board. It can be filled in online, but if there are any difficulties, the form can be handed in by the airline on paper and filled in during the flight.
How can I have information about the evolution of the pandemic in Portugal?
You can get updated information on the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal at WHO - World Health Organization (https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/pt) or at DGS – Portuguese General Directorate of Health (https://covid19.min-saude.pt/).
Is there a way to find out if tourist activities follow hygiene and cleaning measures for the prevention and control of the new COVID-19 virus?
Turismo de Portugal has developed a "Clean & Safe" stamp in order to identify travel related providers that comply with the hygiene and cleaning measures needed to control the transmission of the virus and other potential infections.
More information in https://www.visitportugal.com/en/node/422183
I have a scheduled flight to Portugal. Can you tell me if the flight is confirmed and how can I be refunded if it is canceled?
You should contact the airline directly to confirm this information and find out how it can be refunded.
Below we indicate links to the websites of the Airlines and ANA - Aeroportos de Portugal, where you can get more detailed information:
https://www.flytap.com
https://www.ryanair.com
https://www.airfrance.co.uk
https://www.lufthansa.com
https://www.eurowings.com
https://www.easyjet.com
https://www.ana.pt
I have a trip booked for Portugal. Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 I need to cancel the reservation. How can I do it? How can I get a refund?
You must contact the company where you booked your trip. In the case of trips organized by travel agencies, dated between March 13, 2020 and September 30, 2020, which are not carried out or are canceled due to a fact attributable to the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease pandemic, consumers have the right to choose one of the following:
- issue of a voucher of equal value to the payment made by the traveler that will be valid until December 31, 2021;
- rescheduling the trip until December 31, 2021 by agreement between the client and the company.
In case of not using the voucher until December 31, 2021 or if there is no rescheduling, you will be entitled to a refund of the amount spent, which must be made within 14 days.
I have accommodation booked for a tourism stay in Portugal. Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 I need to cancel the reservation. How can I do it? How can I get a refund?
You must contact the establishment where you booked your stay. If you have booked your stay in an hotel establishment/local accommodation located in Portugal, directly or through online platforms, for the period from March 13, 2020 to September 30, 2020, and it was not carried out or was canceled due to a fact attributable to the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease pandemic, you have the right to choose one of the following:
- issue of a voucher of equal value to the payment made by the guest and valid until December 31, 2021;
- rescheduling of the accommodation service reservation until December 31, 2021, by agreement between the guest and the tourist establishment/local accommodation.
gam catty
to 23/06/2020
The information is not detailed and you login process does not work properly with Firefox I am unable to find out whether indoor bars are open now I am unable to find out whether karaoke bars are open now I am unable to find out whether swimming pools are open now I wrote to you but you failed to answer my questions and just pointed me to this page
Bruce Poon
Everything on the page is very clear. But I found the wording on reciprocity very confusing. As a Canadian, am I allowed into Portugal? If not, your site is conflicting with information on the official EU Reopen web site. You are also conflicting with my local consulate who said that the reopening is not until July 1.
COVID-19 | Health Advice
For everyone's protection, always adopt the recommended (...)
COVID-19 | Measures implemented in Portugal
Implemented measures during the (...)
Clean&Safe
Considering the widespread concern in the resumption of (...)


I always love Joyce's contributions to the 31 Days Project -- and today's does not fail to represent her heart and her mind. If we, as doulas, cannot see ourselves here in this vulnerable position of admitting we know nothing, I would suggest some introspection take place to balance pride with humility.
This month, I celebrate eight years since my DONA International birth doula training! In those eight years, I have had the privilege and sweet responsibility of supporting more than 70 births. My husband and I have added two more babies into our own family in that time. I have achieved and maintained certification through DONA, completed certification as a Hypnobabies Hypno-Doula, volunteer with the International Cesarean Awareness Network (ICAN) Lincoln chapter, volunteer with DONA as the Nebraska state representative, and serve locally with Doulas of Lincoln. I have completed training and taught other birth professionals as an Evidence Based Birth(R) Instructor. I have completed training on Rebozo techniques, Spinning Babies, techniques to alleviate back labor. I have brought new doulas with me to births for hands-on training. I have read and read and read some more. And yet. On some level. Despite all the knowledge. I know nothing about birth.
I understand the physiology. I understand the anatomy. I understand the symphony of changes that must happen in birth, at least as much as is understandable. I understand the emotional changes that birthing parents go through as their birth draws nearer. I understand the physical needs common to birthing women. I understand the psychology. I understand the medical considerations. I understand the medical system and its power structure. I understand that my clients will make choices that I would not, and I accept and honor that. I understand how to support women in childbirth, from the early stages to the first weeks postpartum and beyond.
Yes, I have lots of knowledge about birth. And birth surprises me. Regularly.
In those 70+ births, I have seen a woman go from 3cm to pushing out her baby in an hour. I have witnessed a mother going through the emotional signposts of labor during her pre-op for her scheduled Cesarean. I have held space for a woman to process her fears of becoming a mother while her cervix waited at 9.5cm for over 1 hour, and then cheered as she pushed out her healthy baby. I have supported women through inductions, natural births, epidurals, Cesareans, and more. I have been present for external cephalic version. I have experienced the stillness of breath, the concentration, the skill, the hope in the caregiver while resolving shoulder dystocia. I have held my own breath waiting for that first cry of life, and sighed in gratitude and relief when it comes. I have been astounded. I have been afraid. I have been amazed. I have witnessed miracles. I have had prayers answered moments after I prayed them. I have had prayers answered in a way I did not want. I have been allowed into sacred space. I have witnessed the moments that will live within a family forever. I am grateful.
I had a client who was negatively impacted by seeing the clock, and I wished I had taken it down. I then had a client who was paying close attention to the clock, so I took it down. She lost her focus, and needed me to put the clock back up. I know nothing.
I had a client who was bothered by me explaining things in detail during her birth. I then had a client who wanted more detailed explanations during her birth. I know nothing.
I had a client who loved the bathtub. I then had a client who hated the bathtub. I know nothing.
I had a client who needed to smell peppermint oil to alleviate her nausea. I then had a client who found the smell of peppermint nauseating. I know nothing.
I had a client who needed her support team to be extremely quiet to feel safe. I then had a client who felt safer when her support team was chatting and talking around her. I know nothing.
I have lots of knowledge about childbirth. But when I go to a birth, my only hope to do my job well is to listen to the birthing mother. To read her. To ask her. To trust. To let go of my knowledge and myself and simply serve. I know how birth works, but I cannot know this birth before me.
Only the birthing mother knows birth. It is my duty, my joy, my honor, to serve her.
Joyce is the oldest of four children, and her birth experiences began when she watched her two younger brothers being born, med-free in hospital settings, when she was 4 and 8. When she and her husband discovered they were expecting their first child, she began researching everything she could about natural childbirth. That is when Joyce first learned about doulas. Labor support is her calling, and she is overjoyed at the opportunity to serve women in this way. In addition to being a doula, she is wife to her high school sweetheart and mother of three amazing children! Joyce holds a BA in psychology and a MS in biological sciences.
Joyce breastfed all three of her children to at least one year of age, used cloth diapers, baby sign language, babywearing, use natural remedies in conjunction with Western medicine, and homeschools. She doesn't think of herself as an "attachment parent," a "green parent," or any other parent label, she just does what makes sense for her family, and she encourages others to explore what makes sense for theirs.
Her website, Doula Joyce, and her Facebook page are where you can learn more about her.