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ACTS & FACTS BACK TO GENESIS
Darwinism's Rubber Ruler
BY FRANK SHERWIN, D.SC. (HON.) * |
A key element of the scientific method is the ability to test whether a hypothesis is true or false. A theory that can neither be confirmed nor falsified cannot be considered "scientific," and there's just no falsifying Darwin's strange idea that all creatures originated through descent with modification (macroevolution). Like measurements taken with a rubber ruler, the theory is automatically stretched to fit any and all scientific evidence. As Darwinian critic Phil Johnson stated:
If new forms appear, the credit goes to creative natural selection; if old forms fail to change, the conservative force is called stabilizing selection; and if some species survived mass extinctions while others perished, it is because the survivors were more resistant to extinction.1
Darwinism's plasticity is also seen in Stephen Gould's punctuated equilibrium, which was invented to "explain" the lack of credible transitional links in the fossil record. He proposed that species are stable for eons, then transmutate from one body plan to another so fast that the changes are not captured in the rock record.2 In this case, no ruler is even needed, since there's essentially nothing to measure.
Broad-scale evolution is commonly associated with natural selection, or survival of the fittest. But evolutionary theory has recently been expanded to accommodate "survival of the weakest."3 An article last December pointed to "a growing body of evidence [showing] we are evolving to become more compassionate and collaborative in our quest to survive and thrive." The same article stated, "Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, are challenging long-held beliefs that human beings are wired to be selfish."4
Evolutionists have thus decided that--surprise--evolution makes "weaker" or more compassionate behavior part of its processes as well.
Doesn't man's supposed journey from a single-celled ancestor clearly imply an upward progression from one kind to another? Not necessarily--now some scientists have surmised that evolution goes backward. Diapsids are considered "primitive reptiles," from which crocodiles and dinosaurs supposedly evolved. They are also seen as the ancestors of synapsids, some of which are believed to have evolved backward to become birds and dinosaurs. But others are thought to have maintained their synapsid anatomical features and evolved into people. The ruler must look like a Mobius strip if it can accommodate these possibilities.
Indeed, it's thought that even human evolution may have gone backward. Science writer J. N. Wilford reported, "Australopithecus africanus, which lived in southern Africa, had more archaic, apelike arms and legs than the earlier A. afarensis." Wilford quoted evolutionists Drs. Henry McHenry and Lee Berger as saying, "For Lucy and her kind to evolve into descendants with more apelike limbs...evolution would have to go backward, which rarely happens."5
A 2007 New Scientist article suggested that, over evolutionary time, things have gotten simpler, not more complex.
Since they began delving into DNA, biologists have been finding that organisms with features that look alike are often not as closely related as they had thought. These are turbulent times in the world of phylogeny, yet there has been one rule that evolutionary biologists felt they could cling to: the amount of complexity in the living world has always been on the increase. Now even that is in doubt.6
Macroevolution is too malleable to be scientific. Conflicting data can always be made to fit by flexing its rubber ruler. As ICR founder Dr. Henry Morris concluded long ago:
Evolution is, therefore, neither fact, theory, nor hypothesis. It is a belief--and nothing more.7
Johnson, P. 1993. Darwin on Trial. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 90.
Gould, S. J. 1980. Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging? Paleobiology. 6 (1): 119-130.
Survival of the Weakest? Cyclical Competition of Three Species Favors Weakest as Victor. ScienceDaily. Posted on sciencedaily.com February 24, 2009, reporting research published in Berr, M. et al. 2009 Zero-One Survival Behavior of Cyclically Competing Species. Physical Review Letters. 102 (4): 048102.
Anwar, Y. Social scientists build case for 'survival of the kindest.' University of California, Berkeley press release, December 8, 2009.
Wilford, J. N. New Analysis of Fossils May Muddy Accepted Path of Human Evolution. The New York Times, July 28, 1998.
Spinney, L. 2007. Evolution: hacking back the tree of life. New Scientist. 2608: 48-51.
Morris, H. 1973. Evolution, Creation, and the Public Schools. Acts & Facts. 2 (3).
*Mr. Sherwin is Senior Science Lecturer at the Institute for Creation Research.
Cite this article: Sherwin, F. 2010. Darwinism's Rubber Ruler. Acts & Facts. 39 (2): 17.
More Fossils Are Found at All Levels
Cambrian Explosion Alive and Well
A new editorial in GSA Today is claiming that secular scientists should cease using the term "Cambrian Explosion."1 It's not...
BY: TIM CLAREY, PH.D.
Red Algae Lazarus Effect Can't Resurrect Evolution
Jeffrey P. Tomkins, Ph.D. and Timothy L. Clarey, Ph.D. Red algae form one of the main components of coral reefs and were originally thought to have...
BY: VARIOUS AUTHORS
Evolutionists Struggle to Explain Canadian-Australian C.,.
A new species of a split-footed lacewing was recently unearthed in British Columbia, Canada, creating a bit of controversy among secular paleontologists.1...
More Fossils Show Stasis and No Transitional Forms
Should We Drop the Term 'Living Fossil'?
Mark Carnall at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History recently wrote an article for the UK newspaper The Guardian. He argues that we should...
BY: BRIAN THOMAS, PH.D.
"Ancient" Fish Brain Evidence of Evolution?
A recent secular news article confidently asserts that a fish fossil discovered in 1995 "is an ancestor of the first land animals or four-limbed...
BY: FRANK SHERWIN, D.SC. (HON.)
More Fossil Record
Mammoth DNA: The Oldest Ever Found?
Scientists have sequenced small amounts of DNA from the teeth of two Siberian mammoths said to have lived more than a million years ago.1,2...
BY: JAKE HEBERT, PH.D.
New Pterosaur Discovered
Pterosaurs were amazing flying reptiles that came in all shapes and sizes.1 Not surprisingly, when these bizarre creatures are found in the...
Flood Solves Mystery of Amazon Sea
In the past 15 years, it's been determined that a vast ocean once covered the western Amazon drainage basin.1 However, studies of the...
More Oceans
Young Coral Reefs, Quick-Growing at Low-Sunlight Depths
Recent research surprises those who study coral reefs, especially those who assume that they grow slowly.1,2 To the surprise of old-earth...
BY: JAMES J. S. JOHNSON, J.D., TH.D.
Possible Parasites Found on Cambrian Brachiopods
Scientists from China, Sweden, and Australia have discovered what they claim is the oldest known parasite, publishing their results in Nature Communications.1...
Seals Help Swedes to Chart 'Paths of the Seas'
Swedish researchers have recently reported some newly documented "paths of the seas"1,2 thanks to some helpful (and high-tech) Weddell...
More Problems with Evolution
DNA in Sheep and Dinosaurs
About 1,600 years ago, salt miners in Iran apparently left their lamb lunch down the shaft. Their loss became scientists' gain. The now-mummified sheep...
Surveillance Tracing: Red Pandas in Himalayan Nepal
It's tough to be a red panda in this fallen world, especially after the global Flood. Conservationists are satellite tracking red pandas in...
Mammalian Brains Prove Evolutionary Disconnect
The evolutionary model of brain development predicted that the complexity of neural connectivity should have increased as brains became larger and the...
BY: JEFFREY P. TOMKINS, PH.D.
More Zoology
Secret Life of Moths Vital to Plant Life
God's handiwork is not just apparent in the amazing complexity of individual creatures, but also in how they interact to form vital parts of entire...
No Evidence T. rex Hatchlings Had Feathers
The recent discovery of a tiny tyrannosaur jaw bone fragment and a claw has some scientists again pushing dinosaurs as birds.1 But is there...
Cabin Fever, Cattle Egrets, and Pasture-land Partnerships
Nowadays, many folks experience "cabin fever," but are banned from ordinary travel and social activities.1 However, some get out...
More Living Fossils Display No Signs of Evolution's Long Ages
'Oldest Evidence' of Life?
Recently, evolutionists discovered "microfossils up to almost 4.3 billion years old" in Canada.1 Their article states: "It...
The Fascinating Squid
A recent science news article sheds light on the amazing squid, but definitely not on its supposed evolution or origin. Creation scientists maintain...
Chambered Nautilus Study Offers Clue to Ammonite Extinction
The chambered nautilus, also known as the pearly nautilus, is a mollusk with a beautiful, symmetrical shell that is divided into buoyancy-controlling chambers....
More Noah's Ark and Flood
Ireland's First Dinosaur Bones Found in Flood Rocks
Ireland finally has some dinosaur fossils of its own.1 The ground-breaking discovery came as a bit of a surprise, however, as the bones were...
Massive Releases of CO2 from Volcanism Rival Humans
Recently, a new study published in Nature Communications has suggested that pulses of massive amounts of lava can release as much CO2 as humanity will...
More Creation Science Update
Amazing Moth Compass
Most of us are familiar with the incredible ability of different animal groups to migrate (such as birds).1,2 But what about invertebrates? Recently,...
Did Dinosaur Herd Behavior Evolve?
It is hard to identify the behavior of creatures just from their fossils. An international team of paleontologists tried just that on a big group of dinosaur...
Do Fish Skulls Show Evolution?
Fish never learned to walk. Regardless, an evolutionary paleontologist suggested an undocumented scenario of how fish gradually evolved into four-legged...
NEWS ACTS & FACTS PODCASTS
CREATION.LIVE PODCAST
Scripture Memory & Archaeological Evidence | Creation.Live Podcast:...
"Your word I have hidden in my heart, that I might not sin against You" (Psalm 119:11 NKJV). Scripture memory was important thousands of years...
BY: STAFF WRITER
Webb Telescope Continues to Challenge Big Bang
Data obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) continue to challenge expectations of Big Bang proponents.1,2 The JWST is designed...
CREATION PODCAST
The Truth About the Chimp Genome (Humans & Chimps: Part 2) |...
Have scientists proven human evolution from a "common apelike ancestor," or are we being told a clever, confusing story filled with farcical...
World's Oldest Meal
The Ediacara biota is a sporadic faunal (animal) stage containing unique soft-bodied fossil creatures in sandstone from the Ediacaran System dating...
No Microbes on Mars
Mars is a lifeless world. But those holding to a naturalistic worldview continue to have hope—even faith—that the Red Planet was at...
Flood Explains Grouping of Ichthyosaurs
The discovery of dozens of ichthyosaur fossils in Nevada was announced in the journal Current Biology.1 Seven 50-foot long ichthyosaurs of...
Frog Stripe Evolution?
Color patterns in animals, whether vertebrates or invertebrates, are designed by the Creator for camouflage, warning, courtship, or, simply, for the...
They Lied to Us? (Humans & Chimps: Part 1) | The Creation Podcast:...
Back in the nineteenth century, Charles Darwin promoted the supposed similarity between humans and chimpanzees. Later DNA studies seemed to support...
The Importance of Context in Sound Biblical Interpretation
During World War II, fighter planes often returned from battle riddled with bullet holes. The Allies analyzed the litany of data and mapped the areas...
BY: JONATHAN K. CORRADO, PH.D., P. E.
Bird Beaks: Modern and Ancient
Science is dynamic. What was considered incontrovertible for decades can be overturned with a simple discovery or more research. So it is with the...
Adam or Apes
Discovering Dinosaurs
Ancient and Fossil Bone Collagen Remnants
Discovering Dinosaurs - Download
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Give your community group, classroom, or organization a one-of-a-kind experience with the Kalamazoo Nature Center! Check out the programs below to learn more about KNC's educational offerings, from our award-winning Nature's Way Preschool to immersive biology courses for high school students at Heronwood Field Station.
KNC is the perfect way for your school or group to gain a brand new appreciation for their place in the natural world. We have a number of specially-designed programs for your organization, or we'll work with you to create a custom program at KNC or your location!
Annie's BIG Nature Lesson is an environmental education program that brings children, parents, and teachers into the natural world for learning. This five consecutive day study trip is conducted at community nature centers and invites participants to immerse themselves in exploration of different habitats, learn with experts on site, observe and write for an hour each day, and make a positive difference through stewardship projects.
Our award-winning nature preschool, located on Oakland Drive in Kalamazoo, offers experiences typically found in child-centered programs with thirty acres of natural areas serving as an extension of the classroom. Registration opens February 1 for the following year.
Schedule your group for a visit to the Kalamazoo Nature Center! Come to the Kalamazoo Nature Center for a day of fun, learning, and exploration, or bring KNC to you. We have special programs set up for all ages and interests, or we can create an individual program for your group.
KNC's community outreach program works in collaboration with the Congregation of St. Joseph, serving as a local resource in the development of outdoor education for urban populations resdiing on the east side of Kalamazoo. Programs will inspire and support residents to reach their potential by creating opportunities for healthy, active, and balanced lifestyles, while gaining a deeper appreciation for nature in their community.
Heronwood, a 5000 square foot ecological field station located on over 60 acres, is the home to several projects and programs for students and adults. The station features fully equipped laboratories and a GIS station and is available for private corporate rentals.
KNC"s educators travel throughout the region to area libraries, bringing an up close look into the lives and habits of Michigan animals. Appropriate for classrooms, community groups and auditorium assemblies, many of the programs include touchable artifacts and a visit from one or more KNC animal ambassadors.


Le Foineau is situated at the heart of the Romanesque art in Burgundy and of the medieval sites such as Cluny, Tournus or Brancion. A multitude of castles and Romanic churches offers itself to you.
The "Voie Verte" (Former fitted out railroad) allows you to discover our region on foot or by bicycle, thanks to several circuits through the vineyard.
If the tasting of Burgundian vineyards tempts you, we are nearby immediate of Maconnais, of the Côte Chalonnaise and, unless one hour the vineyards of Beaujolais or the Côte de Beaune. You can so visit the Hamlet of the wine in Beaujolais or the famous Hospices de Beaune.


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Q: Why does my p tags inside of the td get styled according to the full table? My question is why do my p tags inside of the td get styled according to
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What I want is for top: 100% to be 100% of the td height, not 100% of table height.
It is most likely some simple mistake on my part that I can't seem to notice
so I would like if you guys could help me find that mistake or help me style
my text based on the table data.
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A: Just add:
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to your styles definition. When positioning absolute, the browser must know relatively to what element the absolute element should be positioned. I this case you'd like the "td". Check the updated fiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/7oyxc1jh/2/
Notice also that "top: 100%" means in this case - "on the bottom of the containing (relative) element, so it will appear in the second row in your case.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Ex Top Gear presenter Quentin Willson backs BBC Clarkson decision saying he is 'very difficult bloke to work with'
Sunday Mirror columnist and TV presenter backs BBC's decision to axe old colleague and believes bosses had no choice
James Cartledge
Former Top Gear host Quentin Willson – in the betting to replace Jeremy Clarkson – has backed the BBC's decision to sack him.
The car expert said the Corporation had no choice but to axe the controversial presenter after he attacked a show producer Oisin Tymn in a row over an evening meal at a Yorkshire hotel.
Willson, who lives in Warwickshire , said: "It's not right to attack someone on your team because you haven't had your dinner.
"As a public service broadcaster, they (the BBC) are between a monumental rock and a hard place.
"You can't defend that behaviour."
Willson admitted to BBC Radio 4 that Clarkson was a "very difficult bloke to work with".
But he added: "Jeremy is a massive global talent, a hugely distinctive voice in a world of creeping political correctness and health and safety.
"That's why the programme is so popular.
"But there's this obvious truth that success always interferes with talent.
"If you have a global audience of 350 million people hanging on your every word, that make you detached from your sources.
"It's so sad that this is his requiem."
But Willson urged Top Gear fans to remember the plight of Mr Tymon – who was cleared of any wrongdoing and left fearing he had lost his job in the wake of the fracas.
"He is in hiding and has had death threats.
"The poor bloke has done very well for Top Gear, he's a very talented producer.
"This was unacceptable behaviour. You can't defend it.
"When you are lamping someone on your team because you are hungry it's not civilised by any stretch of the imagination."
Willson, one of six celebrities with Midland links in the betting to replace Clarkson , said he would like to see Radio 2 DJ Chris Evans land the role, although the broadcaster has ruled himself out."
The future of Clarkson's co-presenters, Solihull'sRichard Hammond and James May , is also up in the air after both expressed sadness at his departure.
Hammond said he was "gutted at such a sad end to an era" after Clarkson's sacking.
He added: "We're all three of us idiots in our different ways but it's been an incredible ride together."
North Yorkshire Police said it had asked to see the BBC's report into Clarkson's 30-second physical attack at the hotel.
A force spokeswoman said: "The information will be assessed appropriately and action will be taken by North Yorkshire Police where necessary.
"It would not be appropriate for North Yorkshire Police to comment further at this time."
Sky and Channel 4 were both understood to have ruled out working with 54-year-old Clarkson, while ITV said it would not comment on "a BBC issue".
But the BBC's creative director Alan Yentob offered a potential olive branch by refusing to rule out a return to the corporation in the future.
He told BBC2's Newsnight: "Of course I wouldn't rule that out, but that's not for now."
As Clarkson left his upmarket west London home on a push bike last night, he dodged reporters' questions, saying "I'm off out, sorry", before riding away.
Quentin Willson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I hope everyone had a great weekend! Ours was pretty filled with some fun things to do. We went to our favorite vineyard, ( remember there are over 90+ in NC) with the puppies, as we have been waiting for the perfect day to take them out as to not expose them to so much heat ( the humidity as been high). Raylan Vineyards had music, food and wine, so we were headed there Sat to sit and enjoy the atmosphere and have a good time. The temps were in the low 80s, a cool, comfortable temps for the pups to hang out with us. Sunday, we went to the Charlotte Symphony in the evening for a night of John William's music under the stars., always a good time. Today's look shows my new Zara statement necklace and how just adding this one piece can really amp up an outfit.
My birthday will be coming up in July ( July 8th,) My boy Gibson's birthday is the 7th. Hubby bought me one gift ahead of time, this very pretty floral muticolored silver #statementnecklace with green, orange, and colors that will stand out and also be a showcase for an outfit that doesn't take much time to think of, with this emerald green maxi dress. I can see why women love maxi dresses, as they are virtually dress and go with the exception of a bag and some jewelry. I commented once that I loved it, and it arrived shortly thereafter. I certainly love it with solid colors to add even more color and sparkle to the look. One could pair this many ways, and I am sure this won't be the only time you see it on the blog. I have recently bought a few additional statement necklaces as I have envisioned outfits I would pair them with, they can take one's outfit to another level. A statement necklace such as this can really change the look of an outfit and pick up various colors as well. Maxi dresses are a dream to wear in the summer. Choose light fabrics and add some fun accessories such as a statement necklace, long drop earrings, straw clutch, a scarf, or/and hat, and away you go!
This color, this sea green colored dress is so lightweight, it is perfect for these hot summer days. The pictures depict some wind, we seemed to have found the right spot.
Do you wear bold statement necklaces, or are do you prefer small, elegant pieces?
Join me tomorrow for TURNING HEADS TUESDAY!
What a gorgeous necklace and it's so perfect with that maxi dress!
Just got to this email…just absolutely stunning…all of it!!!
What a pretty dress and gorgeous necklace, Jess! Thanks so much for linking up with Fun Fashion Friday! I'll send ya an email soon. Muah!
I don't know if I've told you this before, but you always pick the perfect jewelry to go with your outfits! I love that color on you. Great choice!
Thank you Amy! I like many different styles too. I have a few longer necklaces, some smaller pieces and statement necklaces Thank you for your comment!
That necklace truly is gorgeous. Your husband did well. I love the maxi dress too. Perfect color and flowey-ness. I bet you had a great timer at the vineyard.
Do come by today and every Thursday and join my linkup with your latest Jess. Thanks. A Brand-new Thursday Moda is currently up below.
This dress is STUNNING! Love the color and the neckline!
Jess, I seriously can't get enough of bold statement necklaces! Yours is gorgeous. And this green color is so striking on you! You look absolutely stunning!
I always think you look smashing in green.
You look like you could be the commercial for a tropical vacation!!
What a lovely colors! Just perfect to wear with a one color dress. I like it when maxi dresses are not to long, because when they touch the ground they get dirty and I hate that. Ofcourse it depends on how tall you are.


In a night of firsts, Ilhan Omar (left) and Rashida Tlaib (right) became the first Muslim women elected to Congress. Democrat Jared Polis (center) became the nation's first openly gay governor.
In Colorado, Jared Polis will be the country's first openly gay man elected governor. In New Jersey, Democratic Gov. Jim McGreevy, elected in 2001, had been outed as gay while in office.
Whack is the AP's national reporter on race and ethnicity.


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Holly - December 14, 2022
Whether or not there's currently an active eruption on Hawaii's Big Island, dramatic evidence of the destructive power of lava remains. From lava covered...
Holly - May 16, 2021
There's a wealth of great street art in Honolulu, Hawaii, but nowhere more so than in the Arts District. Located just past the Ala...
We recently stayed for a month in a vacation rental condo in Scandia Towers in Honolulu, Hawaii. While I wrote reviews of the other...
The Best Places to See Petroglyphs on Hawaii's Big Island
Pu`u Loa Petroglyphs at Volcanoes National Park -- Volcano, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park boasts one of the best preserved petroglyph fields on the Big Island....
Best Açaí Bowls in Waikiki & Honolulu Hawaii
Holly - April 5, 2021
If you're not taking advantage of Hawaii's wealth of fresh fruit, what are you even doing there?! Açaí is a wonderful base for all...
Holly - March 24, 2021
Thinking about booking a stay at the Royal Sea Cliff Resort in Kailua-Kona? For the right price, it might be the perfect vacation rental...
Kona Bali Kai (also called Castle Kona Bali Kai) is a popular condo building located on the Big Island of Hawaii on Kailua-Kona's Ali'i...
The Best Hikes in Kona: From Easy Walks to Challenging Hikes
Hawaii's Big Island has so many great hiking trails and parks, but you don't need to leave Kona to immerse yourself in nature. Here's...
Holly -


text:
CONSUMERS BANCORP INC /OH/ - FORM 10-Q - February 12, 2021
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - CONSUMERS BANCORP INC /OH/ ex_224861.htm
EX-10.12 - EXHIBIT 10.12 - CONSUMERS BANCORP INC /OH/ ex_224858.htm
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Transition Report Under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2020
CONSUMERS BANCORP, INC.
of incorporation or organization)
614 East Lincoln Way, P.O. Box 256, Minerva, Ohio
(Registrant's telephone number)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
There were 3,028,100 shares of Registrant's common stock, no par value, outstanding as of February 10, 2021.
QUARTER ENDED December 31, 2020
Number (s)
Item 1 – Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020
Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the three and six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Item 2 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3 – Not Applicable for Smaller Reporting Companies
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings
Item 1A – Not Applicable for Smaller Reporting Companies
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosure
Item 5 – Other Information
Item 6 – Exhibits
Item 1 – Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Cash on hand and noninterest-bearing deposits in financial institutions
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions
Total cash and cash equivalents
Certificates of deposit in other financial institutions
Securities, available-for-sale
Securities, held-to-maturity (fair value of $3,605 at December 31, 2020 and $3,868 at June 30, 2020)
Equity securities, at fair value
Federal bank and other restricted stocks, at cost
Loans held for sale
Total loans
Less allowance for loan losses
Net loans
Cash surrender value of life insurance
Premises and equipment, net
Core deposit intangible, net
Accrued interest receivable and other assets
Noninterest-bearing demand
Interest bearing demand
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Accrued interest and other liabilities
Preferred stock (no par value, 350,000 shares authorized, none outstanding)
Common stock (no par value, 8,500,000 shares authorized; 3,124,053 shares issued as of December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020)
Treasury stock, at cost (95,953 and 108,475 common shares as of December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, respectively)
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Interest and dividend income
Loans, including fees
Securities, taxable
Securities, tax-exempt
Federal bank and other restricted stocks
Federal funds sold and other interest-bearing deposits
Total interest and dividend income
Total interest expense
6,858 4,796 13,552 9,477
Provision for loan losses
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
Noninterest income
Service charges on deposit accounts
Debit card interchange income
Gain on sale of mortgage loans
Bank owned life insurance death benefit
— — — 324
Bank owned life insurance income
Securities gains, net
Total noninterest income
Noninterest expenses
Salaries and employee benefits
Occupancy and equipment
Data processing expenses
Debit card processing expenses
Professional and director fees
FDIC assessments
87 5 148 (2
Franchise taxes
Telephone and network communications
Amortization of intangible
7 — 14 —
Total noninterest expenses
543 261 1,048 473
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period
278 (28
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in income
Net unrealized gains (losses)
Income tax effect
6 (71
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Total comprehensive income
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Balance, September 30, 2020
$ 20,011 $ 42,424 $ (1,324
Cash dividends declared ($0.145 per share)
Balance, June 30, 2020
12,522 shares associated with vested and expired stock awards
Cash dividends declared ($0.29 per share)
11,813 shares associated with vested stock awards
Net cash from operating activities
Cash flow from investing activities
Purchases of securities, available-for-sale
Maturities, calls and principal pay downs of securities, available-for-sale
Sale of securities, available-for-sale
Principal pay downs of securities, held-to-maturity
Purchase of equity securities
Net decrease in certificate of deposit in other financial institutions
Net increase in loans
Proceeds from BOLI death benefit
Premises and equipment purchases
Sale of other repossessed assets
Net cash from investing activities
Cash flow from financing activities
Net increase in deposit accounts
Net change in short-term borrowings
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Net cash from financing activities
Increase (decrease) in cash or cash equivalents
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period:
Federal income taxes
Non-cash items:
Transfer of loans to other repossessed assets
Issuance of treasury stock for stock awards
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:
Nature of Operations: Consumers Bancorp, Inc. (the Corporation) is a bank holding company headquartered in Minerva, Ohio that provides, through its banking subsidiary, Consumers National Bank (the Bank), a broad array of products and services throughout its primary market area of Carroll, Columbiana, Jefferson, Stark, Summit, Wayne and contiguous counties in Ohio. The Bank's business involves attracting deposits from businesses and individual customers and using such deposits to originate commercial, mortgage and consumer loans in its primary market area.
Basis of Presentation: The consolidated financial statements for interim periods are unaudited and reflect all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments), which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position and results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The unaudited financial statements are presented in accordance with the requirements of Form 10-Q and do not include all disclosures normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation's Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020. The results of operations for the interim period disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Corporation and the Bank. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
Segment Information: The Corporation is a bank holding company engaged in the business of commercial and retail banking, which accounts for substantially all the revenues, operating income, and assets. Accordingly, all of the Corporation's operations are recorded in one segment, banking.
Reclassifications: Certain items in prior financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Any reclassifications had no impact on prior year net income or shareholders' equity.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective: In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU adds a new Topic 326 to the codification and removes the thresholds that companies apply to measure credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost, such as loans, receivables, and held-to-maturity debt securities. Under current U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, companies generally recognize credit losses when it is probable that the loss has been incurred. The revised guidance will remove all current loss recognition thresholds and will require companies to recognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the corporation expects to collect over the instrument's contractual life. ASU 2016-13 also amends the credit loss measurement guidance for available-for-sale debt securities and beneficial interests in securitized financial assets. The guidance in ASU 2016-13 is effective for "public business entities," as defined in the guidance, that are SEC filers for fiscal years and for interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption of the guidance is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. However, during July 2019, FASB unanimously voted for a proposal to delay this ASU to January 2023 for smaller reporting companies. On October 16, 2019, FASB approved a final ASU delaying the effective date. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022 for certain entities, including smaller reporting companies. The Corporation is a smaller reporting company.
(Unaudited) (continued)
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting". The ASU is intended to provide relief for companies preparing for discontinuation of interest rates based on LIBOR, or other reference rates that may be discontinued, and provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria. The ASU also provides for a one-time sale and/or transfer to AFS or trading to be made for HTM debt securities that both reference an eligible reference rate and were classified as HTM before January 1, 2020. ASU 2020-04 is effective March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The guidance requires companies to apply the guidance prospectively to contract modifications and hedging relationships while the one-time election to sell and/or transfer debt securities classified as HTM may be made any time after March 12, 2020. The Corporation does not expect ASU 2020-04 to have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.
Note 2 – Acquisition
On December 29, 2020, the Bank entered into a Branch Purchase and Assumption Agreement (P&A Agreement) with CFBank National Association (CFBank) to acquire two branches of CFBank in Columbiana County, Ohio. The P&A Agreement provides for the sale and transfer by CFBank to the Bank the land, buildings and other associated assets of CFBank's drive-up branch location in Wellsville, Ohio and CFBank's branch location in Calcutta, Ohio (the Branches); approximately $100 million in deposits attributable to the Branches; $15 million in aggregate principal amount of subordinated debt securities issued by unrelated financial institutions; all performing loans attributable to the Branches which are outstanding at closing (totaling approximately $3.1 million in aggregate principal amount as of November 30, 2020); and up to $13.5 million in aggregate principal amount of single family residential mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit to be identified by the parties prior to the closing principally from CFBank's Northeast Ohio loan portfolio. In addition, CFBank will provide the opportunity for the Corporation to purchase at par at least $15 million in aggregate principal amount of participation interests in commercial and commercial real estate loans originated by and held in CFBank's portfolio. In exchange, Consumers will pay to CFBank the net book value of the land, building and associated assets of the Branches, a deposit premium equal to 1.75% of the average daily deposits of the Branches for the 30 days preceding the closing, and the par value of the subordinated debt securities and loans acquired by Consumers.
The closing of the transactions contemplated by the P&A Agreement is subject to regulatory approval and satisfaction of other customary closing conditions. The parties expect the closing of the transactions to occur early in the third calendar quarter of 2021.
On June 14, 2019, the Corporation entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Peoples Bancorp of Mt. Pleasant, Inc. (Peoples) and its wholly owned subsidiary, The Peoples National Bank of Mount Pleasant (Peoples Bank). On January 1, 2020, Consumers completed the acquisition by merger of Peoples in a stock and cash transaction for an aggregate consideration of approximately $10,405. In connection with the acquisition, the Corporation issued 269,920 shares of common stock and paid $5,128 in cash to the former shareholders of Peoples. Immediately following the merger, Peoples Bank, was merged into the Corporation's banking subsidiary, Consumers National Bank.
On December 31, 2019, Peoples had approximately $72,016 in total assets, $55,273 in loans and $60,826 in deposits at its three banking centers located in Mt. Pleasant, Adena, and Dillonvale, Ohio. The assets and liabilities of Peoples were recorded on the Corporation's Balance Sheet at their estimated fair values as of January 1, 2020, the acquisition date, and Peoples' results of operations are included in the Corporation's Consolidated Statements of Income beginning on that date.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition of Peoples. The core deposit intangible will be amortized over ten years on a straight-line basis. Goodwill will not be amortized, but instead will be evaluated for impairment.
Consideration Paid
Net assets acquired:
Loans, net
Premises and equipment
Core deposit intangible
Noninterest-bearing deposits
Interest-bearing deposits
Federal funds purchased
Total net assets acquired
The acquired assets and liabilities were measured at estimated fair values. Management made certain estimates and exercised judgement in accounting for the acquisition. The fair value of loans was estimated using discounted contractual cash flows. The book balance of the loans at the time of the acquisition was $55,273 before considering Peoples' allowance for loan losses, which was not carried over. The fair value disclosed above reflects a credit-related adjustment of $(890) and an adjustment for other factors of $937. Loans evidencing credit deterioration since origination, purchased credit impaired loans, included in loans receivable, were immaterial. Acquisition costs of $827 pre-tax, or $680 after-tax, were recorded during the twelve-month period ended June 30, 2020.
Note 3 – Securities
Available –for-Sale
Unrealized Losses
$ 499 $ 2 $ — $ 501
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
63,359 3,675 — 67,034
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities–residential
56,757 1,496 (5
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities– commercial
7,004 75 (1
U.S. Government-sponsored collateralized mortgage obligations– residential
Total available-for-sale securities
$ 139,932 $ 5,739 $ (6
Held-to-Maturity
Unrecognized Losses
$ 3,336 $ 269 $ — $ 3,605
Total held-to-maturity securities
Available–for-Sale
$ 1,248 $ 8 $ — $ 1,256
10,133 399 — 10,532
U.S. government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - residential
U.S. government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - commercial
U.S. government-sponsored collateralized mortgage obligations - residential
9,712 285 (12
$ 138,525 $ 5,411 $ (18
Proceeds from the sale and call of available-for-sale securities were as follows:
Proceeds from sales and calls
$ 2,733 $ 1,650 2,733 6,110
Gross realized gains
Gross realized losses
23 — 23 —
The income tax provision related to the net realized gain amounted to $2 for the three- and six-month periods ended December 31, 2020. The income tax provision related to the net realized gains amounted to $1 and $22 for the three- and six-month periods ended December 31, 2019, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair values of debt securities at December 31, 2020, by expected maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date, primarily mortgage-backed securities, are shown separately.
Available-for-Sale
Estimated Fair
Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through ten years
Due after ten years
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed and related securities
The following table summarizes the securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
Less than 12 Months
12 Months or more
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities – residential
1,198 (5
— — 1,198 (5
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities- commercial
Total temporarily impaired
$ 2,620 $ (6
$ — $ — $ 2,620 $ (6
— — 625 (4
625 (4
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities – commercial
1,700 (12
— — 1,700 (12
$ 3,506 $ (14
$ 625 $ (4
Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. The securities portfolio is evaluated for OTTI by segregating the portfolio into two general segments and applying the appropriate OTTI model. Investment securities are generally evaluated for OTTI under FASB ASC Topic 320, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.
In determining OTTI under the ASC Topic 320 model, management considers many factors, including: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (3) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions, and (4) whether the entity has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. The assessment of whether an other-than-temporary decline exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to management at a point in time.
The unrealized losses within the securities portfolio as of December 31, 2020 have not been recognized into income because the decline in fair value is not attributed to credit quality and management does not intend to sell, and it is not likely that management will be required to sell, the securities prior to their anticipated recovery. The decline in fair value within the securities portfolio is largely due to increases in mortgage backed and collateralized mortgage obligations prepayment speeds impacting the yield on bonds that were purchased at a premium. The mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were primarily issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, institutions which the government has affirmed its commitment to support. The Corporation does not own any private label mortgage-backed securities.
Note 4 – Loans
Major classifications of loans were as follows:
Commercial real estate:
1 – 4 Family residential real estate:
Net Deferred loan fees and costs
Allowance for loan losses
The commercial loan category in the above table includes PPP loans of $52,539 as of December 31, 2020 and $66,606 as of June 30, 2020 and a mortgage loan warehouse line of credit to another financial institution with an outstanding balance of $47,268 as of December 31, 2020 and $32,869 as of June 30, 2020. The outstanding balance of the warehouse line of credit can fluctuate significantly based on the other financial institution's funding needs.
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended December 31, 2020:
1-4 Family
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance
$ 940 $ 3,694 $ 997 $ 136 $ 5,767
Loans charged-off
— — — (12
Total ending allowance balance
$ 858 $ 3,817 $ 1,028 $ 209 $ 5,912
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the six months ended December 31, 2020:
— — (56
$ 649 $ 2,645 $ 550 $ 65 $ 3,909
117 6 64 (2
— — — (7
106 75 120 14 315
— 2 1 12 15
The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2020. Included in the recorded investment in loans is $1,607 of accrued interest receivable.
Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment
$ 3 $ — $ 6 $ — $ 9
Acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment
— 101 84 — 185
Originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment
855 3,716 938 209 5,718
Recorded investment in loans:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
$ 148 $ 1,151 $ 1,044 $ — $ 2,343
661 7,824 23,220 8,935 40,640
158,331 245,489 96,733 15,328 515,881
Total ending loans balance
$ 159,140 $ 254,464 $ 120,997 $ 24,263 $ 558,864
The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of June 30, 2020. Included in the recorded investment in loans is $1,936 of accrued interest receivable.
$ 28 $ 6 $ — $ — $ 34
$ 179 $ 1,045 $ 699 $ — $ 1,923
1,095 8,072 27,252 12,550 48,969
156,054 236,840 92,168 8,843 493,905
The following table presents information related to unpaid principal balance, recorded investment and interest income associated with loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of December 31, 2020 and for the six months ended December 31, 2020:
Six Months ended December 31, 2020
Unpaid
Allowance for
Loan Losses
Allocated
With no related allowance recorded:
$ 1,286 $ 1,151 $ — $ 867 $ 4 $ 4
1-4 Family residential real estate:
947 797 — 629 11 11
274 217 — 225 — —
With an allowance recorded:
— — — 205 6 6
30 30 6 5 — —
$ 2,684 $ 2,343 $ 9 $ 2,091 $ 25 $ 25
The following table presents information related to average recorded investment and interest income associated with loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans for the three months ended December 31, 2020:
$ 907 $ 3 $ 3
$ 2,211 $ 13 $ 13
The following table presents information related to unpaid principal balance, recorded investment and interest income associated with loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of June 30, 2020 and for the six months ended December 31, 2019:
$ 922 $ 836 $ — $ 303 $ 87 $ 87
604 463 — 25 7 7
$ 2,195 $ 1,923 $ 34 $ 968 $ 105 $ 105


According to Emerson, "Three species are found in Massachusetts : "1st. The Hemlock has small, pointed, pendulous, terminal cones, and thin, flat leaves.
"2d. The Black Spruce has dependent, egg-shaped cones, with scales waved and jagged at the edge.
"3d. The White Spruce has longer cones, also dependent and spindle-shaped, with scales smooth and entire at the edge.
"Both have four-angled, awl-shaped leaves."
The Norway Spruce, now becoming well known as a hardy ornamental evergreen, is finer than either the Black or White Spruce, and is distinguished from them by its much longer cylindrical cones, thick foliage, and drooping branches.
- that it was no more uncertain with this than with other evergreens; and pointed to a tree, thirty or forty feet high clothed with branches to the ground, which, he said, he transplanted from another part of the ground to where it now stood but a few years since, it being then six inches in diameter. It was taken up so carefully that the growth was hardly checked. The great trouble with this, as with all evergreens when taken from the woods, is, that it is difficult to save all the roots. They are then often exposed to the sun and air, which, to an evergreen, is more hazardous to its prosperity, than it would be to a deciduous tree. The change of soil and location, to the tree, with only a portion of its roots, which, with the exposure, and, perhaps, too deep planting, proves to be death to the tree. For this reason, trees grown in a nursery are more sure to live than those taken from the forests; having been transplanted into rows and root-pruned, their roots are in small compass, and, as they are generally taken up with a ball of earth, they are almost sure to live. We hope to see the Hemlock more extensively cultivated in our nurseries.
"The Hemlock Spruce, or Hemlock, as, throughout New England, it is universally called, is the most beautiful tree of the family. It is distinguished from all the other Pines by the softness and delicacy of its tufted foliage; from the Spruce, by its slender, tapering branches, and the smoothness of its limbs; and from the Balsam Fir, by its small terminal cones, by the irregularity of its branches, and the gracefulness of its whole appearance.
"The young trees, by their numerous irregular branches, clothed with foliage of a delicate green, form a rich mass of verdure; and when, in the beginning of summer, each twig is terminated with a tuft of yellowish-green recent leaves, surmounting the darker-green of the former year, the effect, as an object of beauty, is equalled by very few flowering shrubs, and far surpasses that produced by any other tree.
The Hemlock is of slow growth till it gets well established; it then makes rapid progress, and finally becomes a large tree. The Hemlock should never be planted without some other tree to nurse or protect it. If designed for a single tree for the lawn, or in any other exposed situation, others of its kind should be planted to shade and shelter it, which may be taken away as soon as the tree becomes well rooted.


text:
15th Annual Patrick's Ride Moved To November 5
15th Annual Patrick's Ride Moved...
Memorial Health October 25, 2016
Patrick's Ride has been rescheduled after Hurricane Matthew interfered with the original date, and will now be held Saturday, November 5. The starting location for the race has also been changed to Memorial Health Rincon, 241 Silverwood Commercial Court, Rincon, GA, behind the Sunoco station at Highway 21 North and Silverlake Drive, in order to avoid conflicts with the Rock n Roll Marathon.
Patrick's Ride will begin at Memorial Health Rincon. On Saturday, November 5, about 50 people will pedal from Rincon to Augusta to raise money for cancer. Cyclists from around the region will participate in the 15th annual Patrick's Ride. Riders will depart from Memorial Health Rincon at 7:30 a.m. and arrive at the Marriott in Augusta around 5:30 p.m. This 120-mile bicycle ride raises money for adults and children with cancer at the Curtis and Elizabeth Anderson Cancer Institute and the Dwaine and Cynthia Willett Children's Hospital at Memorial University Medical Center in Savannah. Funds raised support cancer services and the annual Harvest of Hope retreat for people with cancer and their families. Since its inception, Patrick's Ride has raised more than $540,000, benefited more than 1,600 retreat participants, assisted in creating a family-friendly outpatient children's cancer waiting room, provided program support for a dedicated children's cancer nurse navigator and counseling services, and provided patient assistance for families such as fuel cards and meal assistance.
The ride was started by the late Patrick Booton, a cancer fighter, athlete, and retired medical physicist who worked at the ACI for 25 years. To make a donation, go to www.patricksride.com. For more information, contact Anne Cordeiro at (912) 350-8934 or Cordean1@memorialhealth.com.
This year's ride is presented by Optim Orthopedics - Mark Kamaleson, M.D. and Nix Construction - Joseph Nix. Other 2016 ride sponsors include ACI Radiation Oncologists – Aaron Pederson, M.D. and Michael Hasselle, M.D.; Alliance Medical Physics; The Blue Goose; Coastal Allergy and Asthma.; Coastal Ambulatory Anesthesia; Dr. John R. Duttenhaver; Hancock Askew & Co LLP; Kiwanis Club of Skidaway; Low Country Cancer Care – George Negrea, M.D.; Savannah Wheelman; Summit Cancer Care, WRHQ - QualityRock Q 105.3; Carrier; Chatham County Sheriff's Department; Chatham Parkway Toyota; Kroger; Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems; Savannah Vascular and Cardiac Institute; Steve Bracci Photography; Atlantic Radiology Associates; Bicycle Link; Cedar Animal Hospital; Churchill's Pub; Code Orange for Derrick Foundation; Donna M. Hammontree, LCSW, LLC; Northwestern Mutual- Richard Geriner Jr.; Perry Rubber Bike Shop; Quality Bike Shop; SouthCoast Health Imaging; South Georgia Center for Cancer Care – David Weems, M.D.; Taylor Construction; and Triad Isotopes.


The leader of Cambodia defended his country's hydropower development plans against criticism that dams will harm fisheries, forests, and the communities that depend on them. Droughts in Papua New Guinea and Ethiopia are creating severe food insecurity, and storms have displaced millions of people in the Philippines. Puerto Rico agreed to upgrade its stormwater infrastructure to comply with the Clean Water Act, and Sao Paulo's water utility proposed a plan to offer discounts if customers meet higher water conservation targets. Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada mountains is much higher than this time last year, giving hope to drought-hit California.


text:
Home > Reviews > StarsDraft > Promo Codes
StarsDraft Promo Codes
StarsDraft, which was formerly known as Victiv, features dozens of promotions that aim to make fantasy players richer. Here is a brief overview of some of the most lucrative promo codes at StarsDraft.
StarsDraft pampers its newly registered players with a match bonus of 100% up to $1000 on their very first deposits. Even before making a deposit, players can claim three bankroll builder tickets that give them a chance to win free seats to real money DFS contests. If players deposit at least $10, they will receive three more bankroll builder tickets.
However, players will take a longer time to unlock a bonus at StarsDraft. The fantasy sports site clears bonuses at the rate of 2%. This means that the site will clear $2 of the bonus whenever players spend $100 on real money daily fantasy sports contests. At other DFS sites, bonuses get cleared at the rate of 4 percent.
Rewards for Loyalty
StarsDraft is famous for the way its rewards player loyalty. The fantasy sports site rewards players who enter paid fantasy sports contests with points that can later be redeemed for real money or tickets to paid contests.
StarsDraft is home to a multi-level loyalty program that enables players to earn cashback of up to 18%. This loyalty program comprises three tiers—Gold, Silver, and Bronze. Players will be assigned a level and pampered with benefits depending on the tier they have achieved through earning loyalty points.
Bankroll Builder
Another attractive promotion at StarsDraft is the bankroll builder, which gives players an opportunity to earn money. In order to take part in this promotion, players do not even have to make a qualifying deposit. They will receive a chance to play three head-to-head contests against the computer and win up to $30. This is not a huge amount, but goes a long way in helping players build a bankroll.
If players win a bankroll builder contest, they will also be given the opportunity to play a $1 head-to-head contest against a real opponent. They can win up to $5 if they win this contest.
If players make a small deposit of $10, they will receive three more bankroll builder contests.
This promotion presents newly registered players a risk-free way to win some money. If they win a bankroll builder contest after making the $10 deposit, they will get a free entry to a real $1 buy-in head-to-head contest against a real opponent.
StarsDraft Contests
StarsDraft doesn't have as many contests as FanDuel and DraftKings do at present.
Currently, the fantasy sports site offers contests based on golf, hockey, baseball, basketball, and football. College sports do not feature in the list. StarsDraft still doesn't offer soccer, NASCAR, and UFC.
The GPPs are smaller, but players can make a lot of money playing head-to-head and double up contests. Beginners love StarsDraft chiefly because of its Bankroll Builder promotion.
$100k NFL First Down
This $10 buy-in contest is the largest at StarsDraft at present. The top 3,000 players in the field get rewarded with cash prizes.


Spase is a modern and creative theme, suited for any type of businesses or organizations. It is highly super flexible, with a clean and professional design. Spase is the perfect theme to build a great website for your company.


> > Web to native apps just so that we can change which spec holds what?
> it is needed (and implementors seem interested) later.
compelling). But it was one of the most important use cases put forward.
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text:
Q: Hangfire recurring job failed without any mention I use SQL Server to store Hangfire data and self-written logger to log all stuff from Hangfire of my ASP.NET MVC 5 site. The problem is I can startup Hangfire, configure it, add new recurring job without any problems, but it just doesn't work (failed state in Hangfire.Job table).
I use this OwinStartup configuration:
public static void ConfigureHangfire(IAppBuilder app, string connectionName)
{
    var options = new SqlServerStorageOptions
    {
        QueuePollInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)
    };

    GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.UseSqlServerStorage(connectionName, options);

    // Do not try to rerun failed jobs by default!
    GlobalJobFilters.Filters.Add(new AutomaticRetryAttribute { Attempts = 0 });

    // Add logs into passed log
    LogProvider.SetCurrentLogProvider(new MyLogProvider()));

    app.UseHangfireServer();
}

I have 2 questions:

*

*How can I make it work?

*Why do I not get any log error messages?

A: And I've found out answers to all questions:
First of all, my logging became work after I had commented this line:
GlobalJobFilters.Filters.Add(new AutomaticRetryAttribute { Attempts = 0 });

I've tried to change Attempts to 1, but it still has not worked. Only full commenting of this code helped. Is this a bug? Frankly, I think so.
And after commenting I've got an opportunity to receive a problem message. And the problem is the class which owns called method isn't contains parameterless constructor.


Green Centennial Ranch has been in the family since the 1890's. This is your chance to own a part of Canon City history. 160 acres for your enjoyment to raise animals or a parcel just on the east edge of Canon City. 5 minutes to Hwy 50. Four Mile Creek runs through the property. Have irrigation shares from the Titsworth Ditch that irrigates around 15 acres of hay producing ground. There is a 1909 Blt home on the property and usable outbuildings. Home does need remodeling. Power has been brought in to the house from the west side of property.
Green Centennial Ranch has been in the family since the 1890's. This is your chance to own a part of Canon City history. 429 acres for your enjoyment to raise animals or a fantastic development parcel just on the east edge of Canon City. 5 minutes to Hwy 50 and the perfect parcel to develop with the growth of Canon City. East side of property is Field AVe and Red Canyon Rd. $ Mile Creek runs through the property. Have irrigation shares from the Titsworth Ditch that irrigates around 15 acres of hay producing ground. There is a 1909 blt home on the property and usable outbuildings. Power has been brought in to the house from the west side of property.
This is your opportunity to own an amazing piece of land in a very sought after area of Canon City, Colorado. The house next door can be sold with this lot. Listing number R60189A ....The serene beauty and tranquility of the Arkansas river and Rocky Mountain Canyon will clear your head and make you feel alive again. Hiking and biking trails, rafting, fishing, zipline, walking distance to parks and down town pubs and shopping .Bring your dream home building ideas and live the Colorado outdoor experience.


text:
Q: Reading multiple lines user input in Shell Hi I have a program where if the user inputs a filename I read form the file else I will prompt them for input.
Currently I am doing:
    input=$(cat)
    echo $input>stdinput.txt
    file=stdinput.txt

The problem with this is it doesn't read the newline characters in input, for example if I input
s,5,8
kyle,5,34,2
j,2

output
s,5,8 k,5,34,2 j,2

The intended output to be stored in a file is
s,5,8
kyle,5,34,2
j,2

I need to know how to include the newline character while reading.?

A: echo will suppress the newlines. You don't need the additional $input variable as you can directly redirect cat's output to the file:
file=stdinput.txt
cat > "$file"

Also it makes more sense for me to define $file before the cat. Have changed this.

If you need the user input in both the file and $input then tee would suffice. If you pipe the output of cat (user input) to tee the input will be written to both the file and $input:
file=stdinput.txt
input=$(cat | tee "$file")

A: Try quoting the variable while echoing it:
input=$(cat)
echo "$input">stdinput.txt
file=stdinput.txt

Example:
$ input=$(cat)
s,5,8
kyle,5,34,2
j,2
$ echo "$input">stdinput.txt
$ cat stdinput.txt
s,5,8
kyle,5,34,2
j,2
$

while indeed, not quoting the variable leads to the situation you describe
$ echo $input>stdinput.txt
$ cat stdinput.txt
s,5,8 kyle,5,34,2 j,2
$

A: You may use such syntax:
#!/bin/sh

cat > new_file << EOF
This will be line one
This will be line two
This will be line three
   This will be line four indented
Notice the absence of spaces on the next line
EOF

Here cat reads text until it encounters delimeter (EOF in our case). Delimeter string may be anything.

A: Would printf help?
printf "$input">stdinput.txt


text:
Ant and Dec's I'm A Celebrity selfie as they arrive at I'm A Celebrity Castle
The ITV hosts donned facemasks for the shot in the 'Welsh wilderness'
Kirstie McCrum
Sign up to the Hull Live newsletter for daily updates and breaking news
The new series of I'm a Celebrity is getting closer as hosts Ant McPartlin and Declan Donnelly have arrived at the new venue for the ITV hit show.
The pair said on Instagram that they had discovered Gwrych Castle after after weeks of searching through the 'Welsh wilderness'.
The cheeky Geordie co-hosts posed in front of the Abergele castle wearing face masks in a selfie that's sure to thrill fans, reports the Mirror.
Sharing the pic on Instagram, they wrote: "We're heeerrrreee! Kings of the castle or a pair of dirty rascals? #imaceleb @imacelebrity @itv."
Fans voiced their own excitement, with one tweeting: "So looking forward to seeing this after the year we've had. Thank you guys."
Another commented: "Always a pair of dirty rascals - it's why we all love you."
A third wrote: "No sun this year boys, but looking forward to watching as always! Stay warm."
This year, from its new home in Wales, I'm A Celeb will feature a range of celebrity faces, from soap stars to an Olympic champion.
Kings of the castle - Ant and Dec in Abergele (Image: Instagram/Antanddec)
Among them is Eastenders actor Shane Richie, who revealed that the cancellation of his pantomime gigs due to the pandemic has left him broke.
Shane, normally paid around £100,000 for his pantomime gigs, previously admitted : "We were going to fit it around my other work as I was going on tour, doing a TV series and panto — but that all got cancelled in March.
"And now I am literally skint. You save money for a rainy day but you don't expect the rainy day to last six months.
Shane Ritchie, who says he needs the money from I'm A Celebrity (Image: ITV)
"Thankfully I've been able to borrow money from mates, my family and the bank and my wife is now very happy we can finally pay off the credit card.
"What an honour to be asked before lockdown. I am so grateful and I am really looking forward to being around adults again instead of my wife and three children."
The ITV show has also had to make changes for lockdown - most notably the venue.
I'm a Celebrity castle owners thought emails over £300k ITV deal were 'spam'
Which of the I'm A Celeb stars will make most money from Instagram
With celebs unable to travel Down Under to the usual camp in Australia, bosses have instead set up at Gwrych Castle in Abergele, North Wales.
Also joining Shane on the 20th series of the show are: fellow EastEnders star Jess Plummer, TV host Vernon Kay, Olympian Mo Farah, DJ Jordan North, author Giovanna Fletcher, Coronation Street star Beverley Callard, ex-Strictly pro AJ Pritchard, Paralympian Hollie Arnold and TV host and journalist Victoria Derbyshire.
I'm A Celebrity returns on Sunday on ITV
UK & World NewsPeople are asking 'why am I always tired?' - this could be the answerOnline searches for the term have exploded 500 per cent in January 2022 - the highest jump in searches for almost 20 years
UK & World NewsMusic star shot to fame in 1977 with the hit album Bat Out of Hell
UK & World NewsAnother 10 people were injured in the incident
UK & World NewsBranded books and games also helped over Christmas
UK & World NewsPolice said the driver was reckless, selfish and put others' lives at risk
UK & World NewsOnline searches for the term have exploded 500 per cent in January 2022 - the highest jump in searches for almost 20 years


text:
Q: How to print a for loop as a list So I have:
s = (4,8,9), (1,2,3), (4,5,6)
for i, (a,b,c) in enumerate(s):
    k = [a,b,c]
    e = k[0]+k[1]+k[2]
    print e

It would print:
21
6
15

But I want it to be:
(21,6,15)

I tried using this but it's not what I wanted:
print i,

So is this possible?

A: Here are a few options:

*

*Using tuple unpacking and a generator:
print tuple(a+b+c for a, b, c in s)

*Using sum() and a generator:
print tuple(sum(t) for t in s)

*Using map():
print tuple(map(sum, s))

A: s = (4,8,9), (1,2,3), (4,5,6)
print tuple([sum(x) for x in s])

A: print always prints a new line. If you want to print one line, you need to do your printing all at once.
Inside your loop, create a string, and print that. Or, given how you want it formatted, you could also create a tuple (which is represented with round brackets, as you have).
Incidentally, if you want to add the members of a list, you can just use sum:
e = sum(k)

Also, s is already a tuple, you don't need to enumerate it - you can just loop over it with:
for k in s:
    e = sum(k)

Now, go ahead and put that all together.

A: >>> l = []
>>> for i, (a,b,c) in enumerate(s):
...     k = [a,b,c]
...     e = k[0]+k[1]+k[2]
...     l.append(e)
...
>>> print l
[21, 6, 15]

I do hope this helps. You're appending the sum of list k to list l and finally printing it out.


text:
\subsection{YAWS: A webserver written in Erlang}
\label{sec:case-study}

Yaws\cite{yaws:11,yaws:12} is a high-performance, component-based HTTP webserver written in Erlang.  For every client connection, the server assigns a dedicated (concurrent) handler that
services HTTP client requests, thereby parallelising processing for multiple clients.
Its implementation
relies on the lightweight nature of  Erlang processes to
efficiently handle a vast number of simultaneous client connections.

\begin{figure}[t]
  \centering
  \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,auto,thick]
    \begin{scope}[draw=blue!50,fill=blue!20,minimum size=0.8cm]
      \node (client) at ( 0,3) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill] {Client};
      \node (curHandler) at ( 5,3) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill] {\emph{Current} Handler};
      \node (acceptor) at ( 10,3) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill] {Acceptor};
    \end{scope}
   \begin{scope}[draw=black,dashed,minimum size=0.8cm]
    \node (newHandler) at ( 5,1.5) [shape=rectangle,draw] {\emph{New} Handler};
   \end{scope}
    \begin{scope}[draw=red,fill=red]

      \draw[->] (client) [bend left=15] to node [above]{(1) connect} (curHandler);
      \draw[->] (curHandler) [bend left=15] to node [above]
      {(2) \{\textsl{HandlerPid}, \toolN{next}, \textsl{ClientPort}\}} (acceptor);
      \draw[->] (client) [bend right=15] to node  [below]{(4) HTTP requests} (curHandler);
     \end{scope}
    \begin{scope}[draw=black, dashed]
      \draw[->] (acceptor) to node{(3)spawn} (newHandler);
    \end{scope}
  \end{tikzpicture}
  \caption{Yaws client connection protocol}
\label{fig:yaws-protocol}
\end{figure}

The Yaws protocol for establishing client connections is depicted in \figref{fig:yaws-protocol}. This protocol
uses an \emph{acceptor} component which, upon creation, spawns a \emph{connection handler} to be assigned to the next client connection. Subsequently, the acceptor blocks waiting for messages in its mailbox, while the unassigned handler waits for the next TCP connection request. Clients send  connection requests through standard TCP ports $(1)$, which are received  as messages in the \emph{handler}'s mailbox.   The current handler accepts these requests by reading the \resp message from its mailbox and $(2)$  sending a message containing its own \emph{pid} and the \emph{port} of the connected client to the \emph{acceptor}; this acts as a notification that it is now engaged in handling the connection of a specific client. Upon receiving the message, the \emph{acceptor} unblocks, records the information sent by the handler for supervision purposes (\eg restarting the handler in case it crashes) and $(3)$ spawns a \emph{new} handler  listening for future  connection requests.

Once it is assigned a handler, the connected client then engages \emph{directly} with it using $(4)$ standard HTTP requests; these normally consist of six (or more) HTTP headers containing the information such as the client's User Agent, Accept-Encoding and the Keep-Alive flag status.
HTTP request information is \emph{not} sent in one go but follows a protocol of messages: it starts by sending the \toolN{http\_req}, followed by six \toolN{http\_header} messages containing client information, terminated by a final \toolN{http\_eoh} message. The dedicated connection handler inspects the request
and services the \resp HTTP request
accordingly.

\subsection{Logic Extensions}
\label{sec:logic-extensions}

We extend the syntax of the logic introduced in \secref{sec:language} by two constructs: a \emph{synchronous false} formula and a \emph{synchronous necessity} formula with a semantics analogous to  that of \texttt{ff}\ and \toolNec{\actE}{\hV} \resp (see \figref{fig:logic})
\begin{align*}
    \hV,\hVV \in \texttt{FRM} & \;\bnfdef\; \ldots \;\bnfsepp\; \texttt{sff}\xspace  \qquad \emph{(synchronous false)} \;\bnfsepp\;  \toolSNec{\actE}{\hV} \qquad \emph{(synchronous necessity)}
\end{align*}
In the extended logic, formulas carry additional  instrumentation information relating to how they need to be runtime-monitored: by default, all the monitoring is asynchronous, unless one specifies that  a violation is to be synchronously monitored,  \texttt{sff}\xspace, of that a particular event needs to be synchronously monitored,  \toolSNec{\actE}{\hV}.\footnote{Synchronous event monitoring can be used  to engineer synchronisation points during periods where the system is not required to be immediately responsive at which point a monitor is allowed  to catch up with a system execution,  as in
  \cite{CP12FF}.}

\begin{example} \label{ex:synch-asynch}  We can refine property~\eqref{eq:7:language} as shown below, whereby we distinguish between two kinds of violations, \ie return values $z$ that are less than $x+1$ and return values that are greater than $x+1$, and require the latter violations to be detected in synchronous fashion.\\
  \begin{minipage}[c]{0.90\linewidth}
   \begin{equation*}
    \toolMax{\hVarX}{\toolNec{\toolActIn{\toolN{server}}{\toolTup{\toolN{succ},x,y}}}{\;\toolNec{\toolActOut{y}{z}}{\;
          \left(
            \begin{array}{l}
              {(\toolBool{(z\!=\!x\!+\!1)}{\hVarX\,})} \\
              \quad \toolAnd{}{
                \toolAnd{\;
                  (\toolBool{(z< x\!+\!1)}{\texttt{ff}\,})
                \\\quad}{\;\;
                  (\toolBool{(z > x\!+\!1)}{\texttt{sff}\xspace\,})
                }}
            \end{array}
          \right)
        }}}
  \end{equation*}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[l]{0.09\linewidth}
\vspace{1.3cm}
  \hfill\ensuremath{\blacksquare}
\end{minipage}
\end{example}

The new monitor synthesis algorithm  requires a pre-processing phase to determine which events are to be synchronously monitored in order to implement a synchronous fail. For instance, formulas $\toolNec{\alpha}{\texttt{sff}\xspace}$ and $\toolSNec{\alpha}{\texttt{ff}}$ are both monitored in the same way, in fact the pre-processing phase encodes the former into the latter. In general, however, determining which actions to synchronously monitor for implementing a synchronous fail is not as straightforward, since the $\texttt{sff}\xspace$ and the first necessity formula preceding this $\texttt{sff}\xspace$ may be interposed by intermediate formulas such as conjunctions and boolean guards (as in the property of \exref{ex:synch-asynch}). In such a case the compiler inspects each boolean guard and checks whether there exists at least \emph{one} boolean guard that leads directly to a synchronous fail, i.e., {\toolBool{b}{\texttt{sff}\xspace}}, and if so, the action specified in the necessity is synchronously monitored. In hybrid monitoring, both synchronous and asynchronous event monitoring require code instrumentation, as shown in \figref{fig:hybrid_protocol}.  \emph{Asynchronous} events inject advice functions sending a monitor message
containing the event details and a \emph{null} nonce, \emph{without blocking} the system; upon receiving a null nonce, the monitor determines that it does not need to send an acknowledgment back to the system. \emph{Synchronous} actions are implemented as before (see \secref{fig:sync_protocol}), where \emph{fresh} nonces indicates the monitor that it needs to acknowledge back.

\begin{figure}[t
  \centering
  \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,auto,thick]
    \begin{scope}[draw=blue!50,fill=blue!20,minimum size=0.8cm]
      \node (sys) at ( -1,1) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill,text width=5cm, minimum height = 3cm, text centered]
          {...\\ Event e1 occurs;\\ Get data d1 from e1;\\...\\Event e2 occurs;\\ Get data d2 from e2;\\...\\Event e3 occurs;\\ Get data d3 from e3;\\Block on nonce(e3);\\...\\\; };
       \node (mon) at ( 8.55,1) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill,text width=6.1cm, minimum height = 3cm] {$\; $loop(Nonce)\;$\rightarrow$\\$\quad$ if(Nonce $\not{=} null$)\;$\rightarrow$\\ $\qquad$send\_ack(Nonce) \\ $\quad$end, \\ $\quad$\{EVT,Nonce2\} = recv\_event(), \\ $\quad$HasPatternMatched = handle(EVT), \\ $\quad$if(HasPatternMatched) $\rightarrow$ \\ $\qquad$loop(Nonce2); \\ $\quad$else if(Nonce $\not{=} null$)\;$\rightarrow$\\ $\qquad$ send\_ack(Nonce2)\\ $\quad$end. };
        \node (sysN) at (-1,3.9) {\textbf{System}};
        \node (monN) at (8.55,3.9) {\textbf{Monitor}};
    \end{scope}
       \node (sys1) at (1.5,2.0){};
       \node (mon1) at (5.5,2.0){};
       \node (sys2) at (1.5,1.0){};
       \node (mon2) at (5.5,1.0){};
       \node (sys3) at (1.5,0){};
       \node (mon3) at (5.5,0){};
       \node (sys4) at (1.5,-0.5){};
       \node (mon4) at (5.5,-0.5){};
    \begin{scope}[draw=red,fill=red, dashed]
      \draw[->] (sys1) to node{\textbf{event}(d1,null)} (mon1);
      \draw[->] (sys2) to node{\textbf{event}(d2,null)} (mon2);
      \draw[->] (sys3) to node{\textbf{event}(d3,nonce1)} (mon3);
      \draw[->] (mon4) to node{\textbf{ack}(nonce1)} (sys4);
    \end{scope}
  \end{tikzpicture}
  \caption{A high-level depiction of the hybrid monitoring protocol.
  }
       \label{fig:hybrid_protocol}
\end{figure}

\section{Evaluation}
\label{sec:evaluation}

\begin{figure}
\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{graphsV2.pdf}
	\caption{These graphs denote the average cpu time, memory utilization and response time when monitoring the system using different monitoring approaches.}
	\label{fig:combined_results}
\end{figure}

Using the extended syntax, we reformulate the security properties used for the evaluation of \secref{sec:preliminary-results} and require violation detections to be synchronous \ie using \texttt{sff}\xspace instead of \texttt{ff}.  For instance, from \eqref{eq:5} we obtain the  property below.
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{l}
    \toolMax{\hVarX}{\\\quad\toolSNec{\toolActOut{\toolN{AcceptorPid}}{\toolTup{handlerPid,\toolN{next},\_}}}\\
      \quad\toolAnd{\Bigl( X\;}{

      \;\toolMax{\hVarY}{\toolNec{\toolActRet{handlerPid}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws}, \toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},\toolTup{\toolN{http\_req},\toolN{GET},\_ ,\_}}}}}\\
    \qquad\toolNec{\toolActRet{handlerPid}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws}, \toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},h1}}}}\\
    \qquad \vdots \\% \toolNec{\toolActRet{handlerPid}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws}, \toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},h2}}}}\\

    \qquad\toolNec{\toolActRet{handlerPid}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws},\toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},h6}}}}\\
    \qquad
            \left(\begin{array}{l}
            (\toolBool{(\textsl{isMalicious}(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6))}{\;\;\texttt{sff}\xspace\;})\\
            \toolAnd{}{\bigl(\toolBool{(\lnot \textsl{isMalicious}(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6))}{}\\
            \qquad\qquad\toolNec{\toolActRet{handlerPid}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws},\toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},\toolN{http\_eoh}}}}}{\hVarY})}\bigr)
          \end{array}
          \right)\\
     \quad\Bigr) }}
\end{array}\label{eq:6}
\end{equation}
We measure the respective overheads resulting from the hybrid instrumentations over Yaws for varying client loads  in terms of $(i)$ the average CPU utilization required; $(ii)$ the memory overheads per Yaws client request; and $(iii)$ the average time taken for the (monitored) Yaws server to respond to batches of simultaneous client request.\footnote{In the extended syntax, properties that are exclusively defined in terms of synchronous necessity formulas, \toolSNec{\actE}{\hV}, yield synchronous monitor instrumentations that are identical to those discussed in \secref{sec:synchr-instr}.}  The experiments were carried out on an Intel Core 2 Duo T6600 processor with 4GB of RAM, running Microsoft Windows 7 and EVM version R16B03.  For each property and each client load, we take three sets of readings and then average them out.  Since results do not show substantial variations when different properties were considered, we again average them across all properties and compile them in the graphs shown in \figref{fig:combined_results}.

The results show that the hybrid instrumentation yielded CPU utilisation and memory overheads that are substantially lower than those incurred by a synchronous instrumentation,
comparable to those
of asynchronous monitoring with code injections.   The second graph even shows that the memory utilisation for both of these instrumentations is less than that for asynchronous monitoring performed through the EVM tracing of \cite{Fra:Sey:13}.    In the case of response-time latencies, where synchronous monitoring fared the worst  (on average 30\% higher overheads than its asynchronous counterpart) a hybrid approach managed to lower response times to overheads that are about 15\% higher than asynchronous monitoring; see \figref{fig:combined_results} bottom graph.

\subsection{Monitoring for safety properties in Yaws}
\label{sec:monit-safety-prop}

The logic is expressive enough to express a number of safety properties for Yaws, including the Directory Traversal Vulnerability found in earlier versions of the software and reported on the reputable exploit-db website \cite{yaws-exploit}
. We here discuss a second safety property for the webserver.

If we assume the existence of a (decidable) predicate called $\textsl{isMalicious}()$, which can determine whether the client will engage in security-breaching activity from the 6 HTTP headers sent to the handler, we can use the logic of \figref{fig:logic}
to specify the safety property stated in (\ref{eq:5}).  The property requires that, for \emph{every} client connection established (determined from message $(2)$ of \figref{fig:yaws-protocol} and denoted in property (\ref{eq:5}) as the action $\toolActOut{\toolN{AcceptorPid}}{\toolTup{handID,\toolN{next},\_}}$) the following subproperty must hold: for \emph{every} HTTP request, the respective headers communicated ($h1$ to $h6$) do not amount to a potentially security-breaching request (as determined by the predicate $\textsl{isMalicious}()$).
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{l}
    \toolMax{\hVarX}{\\\quad\toolNec{\toolActOut{\toolN{AcceptorPid}}{\toolTup{handID,\toolN{next},\_}}}\\
      \quad\toolAnd{\Bigl( X\;}{}\\\
      \quad\;\toolMax{\hVarY}{\toolNec{\toolActRet{handID}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws}, \toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},\toolTup{\toolN{http\_req},\toolN{GET},\_ ,\_}}}}}\\
    \qquad\toolNec{\toolActRet{handID}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws}, \toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},h1}}}

    \toolNec{\toolActRet{handID}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws}, \toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},h2}}}}\\
    \qquad\toolNec{\toolActRet{handID}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws},\toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},h3}}}

    \toolNec{\toolActRet{handID}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws},\toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},h4}}}}\\
    \qquad\toolNec{\toolActRet{handID}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws},\toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},h5}}}

    \toolNec{\toolActRet{handID}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws},\toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},h6}}}}\\
    \qquad
            \left(\begin{array}{l}
            (\toolBool{(\textsl{isMalicious}(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6))}{\texttt{ff}})\\
            \toolAnd{}{\bigl(\toolBool{(\lnot \textsl{isMalicious}(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6))}{}\\
            \qquad\qquad
            \toolNec{\toolActRet{handID}{\toolTup{\toolN{yaws},\toolN{do\_recv},\toolN{3},\toolTup{\toolN{ok},\toolN{http\_eoh}}}}}{\hVarY})}\bigr)
          \end{array}
          \right)\\
     \quad\Bigr) }}
\end{array}\label{eq:5}
\end{equation}
The logical formula stated in \eqref{eq:5} specifies this property  by using two nested recursive formulas.  The outer one, $\toolMax{\hVarX}{\ldots}$, refers to each assigned handler by pattern-matching with the term variable \emph{handID}, whereas the inner one, $\toolMax{\hVarY}{\ldots}$, uses this value to pattern match with the header term variables, \emph{h1} to \emph{h6}, for every iteration of the HTTP request protocol; boolean guarded formulas are then used to determine whether these HTTP requests violate the property or not.  We note  that,  whereas the handler messages to the acceptor  are observed \emph{directly} (\ie the output action in the outer recursive formula), the client HTTP messages received by the handler have to be observed \emph{indirectly} through the return values (of the form $\toolTup{\toolN{ok},\_}$) of the invoked function \toolN{do\_recv}.\footnote{Defined in module \toolN{yaws} with arity \toolN{3}.}   Instrumentation allowing a direct observation of these  actions is complicated by the fact that the client TCP messages are sent through functions from the \toolN{inet} Erlang library, which is part of the Erlang Virtual Machine kernel.

\subsection{Component-based Monitor Generation}
\label{sec:monit-synth-scal}

The monitors generated by \textsf{detectEr}\xspace are \emph{not} monolithic, but consist of systems of concurrent (sub)monitors, each analysing different parts of a system under examination.  For instance, in the case of property \eqref{eq:5}, \textsf{detectEr}\xspace first generates a submonitor that listens for the action $\toolActOut{\toolN{AcceptorPid}}{\toolTup{handID,\toolN{next},\_}}$  from the unassigned (free) handler waiting on the TCP port.  Once this action is detected, it spawns a new submonitor to listen for the new handler, while it continues monitoring for the handler that is now assigned to a client.  Thus, after two client connections are accepted, we end up with the configuration depicted in \figref{fig:yaws-monit} (see \cite{Fra:Sey:13} for details).  Note that the submonitors need not communicate with
each other since a violation detected by one submonitor immediately means that the global property is violated.

\begin{figure}[t]
  \centering
  \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,auto,thick]
    \begin{scope}[draw=blue!50,fill=blue!20,minimum size=0.8cm]
      \node (client2) at ( 0,4.5) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill] {Client};
      \node (cHandler2) at ( 4,4.5) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill] {Handler};
      \node (mon2) at (7,4.5)  [shape=rectangle,draw] {Monitor};

      \node (client) at ( 0,3) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill] {Client};
      \node (cHandler) at ( 4,3) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill] {Handler};
      \node (mon) at (7,3)  [shape=rectangle,draw] {Monitor};

      \node (acceptor) at ( 11,3) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill] {Acceptor};
     \node (newHandler) at ( 4,1.5) [shape=rectangle,draw,fill] {(free) Handler};
     \node (newmon) at (7,1.5)  [shape=rectangle,draw] {Monitor};
    \end{scope}
   \begin{scope}[draw=black,dashed,minimum size=0.8cm]
   \end{scope}
    \begin{scope}[draw=red,fill=red]
      \draw[<->] (client) to node{assigned} (cHandler);
      \draw[<->] (client2) to node{assigned} (cHandler2);
     \end{scope}
    \begin{scope}[draw=black, dashed]
      \draw[<-] (mon) to node{trace} (cHandler);
      \draw[<-] (mon2) to node{trace} (cHandler2);
      \draw[<-] (newmon) to node{trace} (newHandler);
    \end{scope}
  \end{tikzpicture}
  \caption{Component-based Monitoring}
\label{fig:yaws-monit}
\end{figure}

\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{intro.tex}

\section{Erlang Actors and the Yaws Webserver}
\label{sec:actor-systems-erlang}
\input{erlang.tex}

\section{The Logic}
\label{sec:language}
\input{language.tex}

\section{Introducing Synchronous Instrumentation}
\label{sec:synchr-instr}
\input{synchmon.tex}

\section{Hybrid Instrumentation}
\label{sec:hybr-instr}
\input{hybrid.tex}

\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
\input{conc.tex}

\bibliographystyle{eptcs}

\subsection{Instrumentation through Aspect-Oriented Weaving}
\label{sec:instr-thro-aspect}

The instrumentation was carried out by \emph{extending} an Aspect Oriented Framework for Erlang \cite{AOPErlang}
to add the necessary instrumentation  in the system code; \cite{AOPErlang} did not support aspects for output and input events.
Our aspect-based instrumentation uses a purpose built Erlang module called \texttt{advices.erl} containing the 3 type of advices used by our AOP injections.  For send and function call events, the AOP weaves \texttt{before\_advice}\xspace advices  reporting the event data to the monitor. For function returns, the AOP weaves \texttt{after\_advice}\xspace advices
at the source location where the function is invoked; in this case, after advices are required since the return values are only known at that point.   The
weaving concerns mailbox reading events, performed through the \texttt{recieve} construct, was not as straightforward.  Since a \texttt{recieve} may contain multiple pattern-matching guarded clauses
\[\texttt{recieve } \textsl{guard}_1 \texttt{ -> } \textsl{expression}_1 \texttt{ ; } \ldots\texttt{ ; } \textsl{guard}_n \texttt{ -> } \textsl{expression}_n \texttt{ end}\]
the AOP weaves \texttt{upon\_advice}\xspace advice for each guarded expression (\ie after each  \texttt{->}).  At runtime, only \emph{one} \texttt{recieve} guarded expression is triggered, at which point the necessary pattern-matched data of the event is known and can be reported to the monitor by the advice.

\subsection{Preliminary results}
\label{sec:preliminary-results}

 We conducted a number of experiments to asses the relative overheads between synchronous and asynchronous monitoring. We synthesised numerous properties such as \eqref{eq:5} for a Yaws server installation handling varying amounts of client connections and HTTP requests.  The graphs obtained in \figref{fig:combined_results} clearly show that synchronous monitoring incurs higher overheads than its asynchronous counterpart in terms of CPU Utilisation,  memory consumption and the latencies it introduces; \figref{fig:combined_results} shows substantial responsiveness degradation when handling typical loads of client requests.      To rule out any gains obtained through the efficiencies of the OTP tracing platform, we also created our own version of asynchronous monitoring that uses aspect orientation (but without blocking the system);  for certain measures, \eg memory consumption, the overhead discrepancies were even larger (see \figref{fig:combined_results}).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Volume 1, Number 2. July 2021
"The Global Psychotherapist"
DOBIAŁA, E., STEFAŃSKA-KLAR, R., RUMIŃSKA, A., GOŁASKA-CIESIELSKA , P., DURAS, M., JANIAK, W. (2021). Challenges of Psychological Therapy Work With Autistic Adults. "The Global Psychotherapist", Vol. 1, No.2, pp. 45-56.
DOI: 10.52982/lkj151
Abstract. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as a neurodiverse developmental pattern, affects between one and two individuals in every 100 people. Autistic individuals experience different challenges in every decade of their lives. The difficulties in sensorimotor functioning, emotional codes, communication and cognition, albeit causing emotional distress, form a basis for developing a unique culture. Knowledge, understanding, respect and openness to neurodiversity are the fundamental prerequisites for Transcultural and Positive Psychotherapists and any professional who intends to deliver psychological therapy to autistic individuals. In this paper, we discuss the medical, psychological and sociocultural aspects of the autistic spectrum and present the basic goals of therapeutic work with autistic adults.
Keywords: adults, autism spectrum disorder, recommendations, Positive Psychotherapy
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There is a great deal of spiritual value in the earlier writings of deep thinking Hindus. Indeed, they had a similar philosophy in certain aspects that is in harmony with the philosophy that accrues from quantum physics. As described elsewhere, the new physics destroys the barriers that man erects to isolate and separate, not only humanity, but all creation. All is constructed out of common elements (the present known elements are particles), but the whole universe seems to run on lines that can only be described as interdependent. Well of course, in spite of the barriers erected between the various "classes" of humanity, all of it is interdependent: the worker is dependent on capital (whether of the state or investors), and the bosses depend on the workers, or they did until technology made people redundant.
Another translation puts it the target aimed at is "the Lord of Love," and the arrow is "the aspirant" and the bow is the thoughts of God, and the meditation (or contemplation) is the bow string.
"when the Self is realised as the indivisible unity of life, we can be seen (heard etc)by whom…and can be known by whom ? Maitreyi, my beloved, how can the knower ever be known?
So the realisation of the Oneness of everything is important, as our eventual goal is to be One with the Source. We hardly qualify for this if we maintain a separation from all of God's creation. This God, spoken of above as the Knower, is not known in the sense that we are aware of Its appearance or anything else except the Power, the Love, the Compassion and the constant Guidance through life.
These thoughts on unity is found in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad which further goes on to describe this spiritual unity as being like salt dissolved in water. That's pretty thorough!
"Things derive their being and nature by mutual interdependence and are nothing in themselves".
So we and everything else in the world of the Quantum, consist of connections combining with everything else, thus a "tissue of events" rather than a static lump.
All of this seems to be a mere prelude to that final Oneness, the absorption of one into the Divine Source, which is the ultimate quest of creatures if they want to do so.
"My connection with the body and its parts is dissolved. My perceptive organs are discarded. Thus, leaving my material form and bidding farewell to my knowledge, I become one with the Great Provider. This I call sitting and forgetting thing.
The idea of becoming empty and self-abandonment is, as we know, a necessary component in anyone who wishes to aspire to the union with the Ultimate Reality; and this understanding is clear in the earlier Hindu thought, where the individual is submerged in all. But this is not all, the strange concept of space-time is another.
"It was taught by the Buddha O monks, that …. In the past, the future and physical space …and individuals are nothing but names, forms of thought, words of common usage, merely superficial Realities.
We are certainly included as physical bodies, being just a collection of particles constantly dying off in micro-seconds and being replaced by others. Everything here is temporal .